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Unnati Davara

2026-05-05T19:04:48Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made new entry initial version...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Unnati Davara
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Raipur]], Chhattisgarh, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for = Femina Miss India East 2010 winner
| occupation = Model, actress
}}
'''Unnati Davara''' is an Indian beauty pageant contestant, model and actress. In 2010 she won [[Femina Miss India]] East title.<ref name="Miss Indian 2010 Unnati Davara">{{cite news|title=Miss Indian 2010 Unnati Davara|url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/13485837.cms|accessdate=2 November 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 May 2012|archive-date=29 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529163537/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/13485837.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Davara started her career with Femina Miss India 2010, Davara won Femina Miss India East title and became one of the top 10 finalists. During the pageant she also won two sub-titles; Miss Vivacious and Miss Talented.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

In 2012 she debuted in acting with a Bengali film named ''Teen Kanya''. The film was directed by [[Agnidev Chatterjee]].<ref name="Unnati Davara ToI">{{cite web|title=Unnati Davara|url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/photoshow/5711191.cms?curpg=18|publisher=IndiaTimes|accessdate=2 November 2012|archive-date=30 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330010022/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/photoshow/5711191.cms?curpg=18|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Character
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Teen Kanya (2012 film)|Teen Kanya]]'' || [[Agnidev Chatterjee]] || Damini
|-
|2014 || ''[[Yoddha (2014 film)|Yoddha]]''|| Mandeep Benipal || Navdeep
|-
|2019 || ''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]''|| [[Krish (director)]]||Munder
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable''
|-
!Year!!Show!!Comments
|-
|2016|| ''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]''||Episode forty one
|}

== Awards ==
* 2010: Pantaloons Femina Miss India East

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=5431328|name=Unnati Davara}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Davara, Unnati}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Female models from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:People from Raipur]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Durgesh Kumar

2026-04-28T20:00:52Z

Pandit debotosh dey: adding basic biography w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Durgesh Kumar
| image = File:Durgesg Kumar Actor.jpg
| caption = Durgesh Kumar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|10|21|df=y}} 
| birth_place = Motipur, Block Benipur, [[Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]]
| education = [[National School of Drama]]
| occupation = Actor
| known_for = Bicchoo Ka Khel, Panchayat, Jackson Halt, Laapataa Ladies, Dedh Bigha Zameen, Nishaanchi
}}

'''Durgesh Kumar''' is an Indian actor from Bihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Durgesh Kumar Movies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Durgesh-Kumar/movies |access-date=2024-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He has had roles in [[Hindi cinema]] and [[web series]].

==Early life and education==
Kumar pursued engineering upon arriving in Delhi in 2001. However, after facing challenges with entrance exam, he redirected his focus towards theatre. He participated in approximately 35 plays during this time.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024|reason=source needed to verify}} He concurrently pursued his bachelor of Art Honours degree from [[Indira Gandhi National Open University|Ignou]] between 2004 and 2007, alongside completing a certificate course in acting at the [[Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts|Shri Ram Centre Performing Arts]] from 2004 to 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2019-11-12 |title=Highway fame actor Durgesh Kumar in ALTBalaji and ZEE5 series Virgin Bhasskar |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/digital/news-digital/highway-fame-actor-durgesh-kumar-altbalaji-zee5-series-virgin-bhasskar/2019/11/12 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trending/dekh-rha-han-na-vinod-thread-goes-beyond-and-beyond-as-netizens-are-getting-captivated-by-most-sought-after-dialogue-of-panchayat-2-413041/|title=‘Dekh raha hai na Binod’ thread goes beyond and beyond as netizens are getting captivated by most sought after dialogue of Panchayat 2|website=The Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Panchayat 2: बनने चले थे इंजीनियर और बन बैठे फुलेरा के 'बनराकस', जानिए आखिर क्यों हैं दुर्गेश कुमार 'पंचायत' की जान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/web-series/panchayat-season-2-durgesh-kumar-in-the-villain-role-is-the-backbone-of-the-series |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

Kumar was accepted into the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD),<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://nsd.gov.in/delhi/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/NSD-GRADUATES1.pdf | title=NSD Graduates | website=nsd.gov.in}}</ref> where he attained a postgraduate diploma in acting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lehren.com/entertainment/television/durgesh-kumar-aka-banrakas-of-panchayat-season-2-talks-about-his-struggles-character/128020/|title=Durgesh Kumar Aka 'Banrakas' Of Panchayat Season 2 Talks About His Struggles & Character|first=Team|last=Lehren|date=26 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कौन हैं Panchayat 2 की जान 'बनराकस' यानी Durgesh Kumar, जिनके बिना अधूरी रह जाती ये सीरीज |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/tv/news/panchayat-2-banrakas-actor-durgesh-kumar-aka-bhushan-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-talented-actor/articleshow/91764067.cms |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

Durgesh Kumar disclosed to a member of the media that his family played a pivotal role as his greatest support during his days of struggle. It was his elder brother who suggested Durgesh pursue theatre after he faced setbacks in the engineering entrance test.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=Actor Jitendra Kumar returns as Abhishek Tripathi for Panchayat season 3; Amazon Prime shares first look |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/actor-jitendra-kumar-returns-as-abhishek-tripathi-for-panchayat-season-3-amazon-prime-shares-first-look/articleshow/105877949.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Durgesh Kumar Movies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Durgesh-Kumar/movies |access-date=2024-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Durgesh Kumar regards actor [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] as his primary source of inspiration in the acting industry.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-07 |title=Khamosh! Shatrughan Sinha to make OTT debut with 'Gangs of Ghaziabad' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/khamosh-shatrughan-sinha-to-make-ott-debut-with-gangs-of-ghaziabad/articleshow/108308484.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-16 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Career ==
He made his Bollywood debut with the role of Aadoo in the film [[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|''Highway'']], followed by supporting roles in movies like [[Sultan (2016 film)|''Sultan'']], ''[[Freaky Ali]]'', ''[[Sanju]]'' and ''[[Dhadak]]''. His breakthrough came with his portrayal of Bhushan in the acclaimed web series [[Panchayat (TV series)|''Panchayat'']]. Durgesh expressed surprise at the character's success, crediting the show's creators for crafting the role of Banrakas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=For Durgesh Kumar, Panchayat's Bhushan aka Banrakas, the struggle was real |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/for-durgesh-kumar-panchayat-bhushan-aka-banrakas-the-struggle-was-real-7934864/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He also starred in the 2023 film ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Movie
!Role
!References
|-
|rowspan=2|2014
|[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|''Highway'']]
|Aadoo
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Highway Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/highway/movie-review/30733812.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shuruaat Ka Interval]]''
|Taxi Driver
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2016
|[[Sultan (2016 film)|''Sultan'']]
|Commentator (uncredited)
|
|-
|''[[Freaky Ali]]''
|Babu
|
|-
|rowspan=4|2017
|[[The Suspect (1916 film)|''The Suspect'']]
|Abdul Rahim Ansari
|
|-
|''[[Behen Hogi Teri]]''
|Inspector
|
|-
|''[[The Dream Job]]''
|Gopal
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Dream JobUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/the-dream-job/movieshow/61305535.cms |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Love The First Sight''
|Durgesh
|
|-
|rowspan=6|2018
|''Rangamanch''
|Manju
|
|-
|''[[Sanju]]''
|Postman
|
|-
|''[[Dhadak]]''
|Bheema
|
|-
|''Inner City''
|Lokesh
|
|-
|''Bhaag Bawre Aandhi Aayi''
|Raghu
|
|-
|''Janpath Kiss''
|Hawaldar
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Bombairiya]]''
|Yadav
|-
|2020
|''[[Bicchoo Ka Khel]]''
|Goli bhaiya
| rowspan="3" |Web Series
|-
|2020–present
|[[Panchayat (TV series)|''Panchayat'']]
|Bhushan aka Banrakas
|-
|2020
|''[[A Simple Murder]]''
|Shankar
|-
|2020
|''[[Bahut Hua Samman]]''
|Pradeep aka Pablo Yadav
|-
|2023
|''[[Jackson Halt]]''
|Gangman
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2024
| ''[[Laapataa Ladies]]''
|Dubey Ji
|
|-
|''[[Bhakshak]]''
|Guptaji
|-
|''[[Dedh Bigha Zameen]]''
| Avdhesh Gupta
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Tumko Meri Kasam]]''
| Duryodhana Bajaj / Yashwant Bajaj double roles
|
|-
|2025
|''[[The Networker]]''
|Lallan
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Nishaanchi]]''
|Bank Security Guard
|
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|The Great Grand Superhero - Aliens Ka Aagman}}
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|6294201}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Durgesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Darbhanga]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]

Malankara Syrian Orthodox Diocese of Angamaly

2026-04-19T18:48:43Z

Pandit debotosh dey: post

{{More citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese|jurisdiction=|name=Malankara Syriac Orthodox Diocese of Angamali|country={{flag|India}}|denomination=[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]|cathedral=[[St. Mary's Jacobite Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly|St. Mary's Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly]]|headquarters=[[Thrikkunathu Seminary]]|rite=[[West Syriac rite|Antiochian rite]]|language=[[Classical Syriac]], [[Malayalam]]|incumbent=[[Baselios Joseph|H.B. Baselios Joseph Catholicos]]|residence=Mount Sinai Catholicate Aramana|style=[[His Beatitude|His Beatitude Aboon Mor]]|diocese=Angamali|parent_church=[[Syriac Orthodox Church]]|first_incumbent=[[Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasius]]|emeritus_bishops=[[Mor Severios Abraham|H.G. Abraham Mor Severios, Valiya Metropolitan]]|assistant_bishops=[[Mor Anthimos Mathews|Mor Anthimos Mathews of Angamali and Muvatupuzha]]

[[Aphrem Mathews|Mor Aphrem Mathews of Perumbavoor]]

[[Yulios Elias|Mor Yulios Elias of Kothamangalam]]

[[Athanasios Elias|Mor Athanasios Elias of High Range]]
|established=1876|image=Syriac_orthodox_COA.svg|coat=|image_size=150px|coat_size=150px|image_alt=|local=മലങ്കര സുറിയാനി ഓർത്തഡോക്സ് അങ്കമാലി ഭദ്രാസനം|cocathedral=Mount Sinai Catholicate Aramana Cathedral|caption=Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate}}
[[File:Sthathicon of Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasius.png|thumb|''[[Sthathicon]]'' of the first Metropolitan of Angamali, [[Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasius]]]]
'''Angamali Diocese''' is the largest of the 12 dioceses of [[Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church]] in [[Kerala]]. Angamali Diocese was formed in the historic Synod of Mulanthuruthy in 1876 and has been the major center of Jacobites through the ages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/or3/angamaly/Reform.htm|title=Reformation movement|website=Angelfire.com|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref>
Metropolitan of the Diocese is [[Baselios Joseph|H.B. Mor Baselios Joseph]], and [[Anthimos Mathews|H.E. Mor Anthimos Mathews]] is the Assistant Metropolitan while [[Severios Abraham|H.E. Mor Severios Abraham]] has the title of Great Metropolitan of the Diocese.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicos.org/|title=Catholicos : Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas-I [Presiding Hierarch of the Universal Syrian Orthodox Church in India]|website=Catholicos.org|accessdate=2017-08-09}}</ref>

==Regions==
[[File:St. Thomas Cheriya pally.jpg|thumb|Night View of Marthoman Cheriya Pally, Kothamangalam]]
Angamali Diocese is divided into five regions for administrative purposes under different Bishops.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/SyriacOrthodox/Metropolitans.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220609034038/http://syriacchristianity.info/bio/SyriacOrthodox/Metropolitans.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 June 2022|title=Primates of The Universal Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch & All the East|website=Syriachristianity.info|accessdate=2017-08-09}}</ref>

===Angamaly===

{{Infobox diocese|jurisdiction=|cathedral=[[St. Mary's Jacobite Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly|St. Mary's Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly]]|headquarters=[[Thrikkunathu Seminary]]|name=Angamali Zone|country=|metropolitan=Mathews Mor Anthimos|denomination=}}

This region consists of 52 parishes, including [[St. Thomas Jacobite Syrian Church, North Paravur|St Thomas Church North Paravur]] (Tomb of St [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel|Gregorios Abdul Jaleel]]), Thamarachal Valiyapally-Marian Pilgrim Centre, [[St. Mary's Jacobite Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly|Angamaly St Mary's Sonoro Cathedral]], Pallikkara Malecruz St Thomas Church – Global St Thomas Pilgrim Centre.

===Perumbavoor===

{{Infobox diocese|jurisdiction=|cathedral='''St. Mary's Cathedral, Kurupampady''' (Largest Parish in Malankara)|headquarters='''Koinonia Bishop House, Vengola'''|name=Perumbavoor Zone|country=|metropolitan=[[Mor Aphrem Mathews]]|denomination=}}

The region has 43 parishes, including Mazhuvanoor St Thomas Cathedral, Kurupampady St. Mary's Cathedral, Vengoor Mar Kauma Church, Thuruthiply St Mary's Church.

===Kothamangalam===

{{Infobox diocese|jurisdiction=|cathedral=Martha Mariyam Cathedral (Valiyapally), Kothmangalam|headquarters=Catholicate Aramana – Mount Sinai, Kothamangalam|name=Kothamangalam Zone|country=|metropolitan=[[Mor Yulios Elias]]|denomination=}}

This region is called the Stronghold of Jacobites with 48 churches and most of them big parishes, including Martha Mariyam Cathedral Kothamangalam (Valiyapally) established in AD 456, Mar Thoma Cheriayapally Kothmangalam (Tomb of St Baselious Yeldho), Chelad Bes Aniya Valiyapally, Kottapady Kalkunnel church, and Kottapady Nagancherry church.

===Highrange===

{{Infobox diocese|jurisdiction=|cathedral='''Cathedral of Saint George, Adimali'''|headquarters='''Metropolitan Aramana, Adimali'''|name=High Range Zone|country=|metropolitan=[[Athanasios Elias]]|denomination=}}

This is the largest region in terms of area as it covers regions of Angamali diocese falling in Idukki district. There are 34 parishes in the region. Major parishes are St. George Cathedral Adimali, St John's Church Rajakumari, St George church muruckumthotty, Koompanpara St. George Church, 14th mile Ignatius Noorono Church.

===Muvattupuzha===

{{Infobox diocese|jurisdiction=|cathedral=St. Mary's Cathedral, Karakunnam|headquarters=Metropolitan Aramana, Muvatupuzha|name=Muvatupuzha Zone|country=|metropolitan=[[Mor Anthimos Mathews]]|denomination=}}

This region has 37 parishes, including St. Mary's Cathedral Karakkunnam, Rakkad Cathedral, and Kadathy St. Peter's and St. Paul's church.
St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian church Mullaringadu

==Sunday School==
The 257 Sunday schools in the diocese are divided into three zones and 23 districts.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! District !! Diocese Region !! Zone !! Number of Sunday Schools
|-
| Angamali || Angamali || Angamali West || 16
|-
| Aluva || Angamali || Angamali West || 15
|-
| Pukkattupady || Angamali || Angamali West || 8
|-
| Pallikkara || Angamali || Angamali West || 18
|-
| North Paravur || Angamali || Angamali West || 5
|-
| Malayidomthuruthu || Perumbavoor || Angamali West || 8
|-
| Thuruthiply || Perumbavoor || Angamali West || 8
|-
| Vengoor || Perumbavoor || Angamali Central || 8
|-
| Kuruppumpady || Perumbavoor || Angamali Central || 9
|-
| Perumbavoor || Perumbavoor || Angamali Central || 8
|-
| Keezhillam || Perumbavoor || Angamali Central || 8
|-
| Krariyeli || Perumbavoor || Angamali Central || 10
|-
| Chelad || Kothamangalam || Angamali Central || 14
|-
| Kottapady || Kothamangalam || Angamali Central || 15
|-
| Kothamangalam || Kothamangalam || Angamali East || 19
|-
| Kavalangadu || Kothamangalam || Angamali East || 9
|-
| Kunnakurudy || Perumbavoor || Angamali West || 10
|-
| Muvattupuzha West || Muvattupuzha || Angamali Central || 14
|-
| Muvattupuzha East || Muvattupuzha || Angamali East || 16
|-
| Valara || Highrange || Angamali East || 4
|-
| Rajakumary || Highrange || Angamali East || 11
|-
| Adimali || Highrange || Angamali East || 17
|-
| Kambalikandam || Highrange || Angamali East || 7
|}

'''Region-wise'''
 Angamali Region – 62
 Perumbavoor Region – 59
 Kothamangalam Region – 57
 Muvattupuzha Region – 40
 Highrange Region – 39

'''Zone-wise'''
 West Zone – 88
 Central Zone – 86
 East Zone – 83

==Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Youth Association ==
This is the youth wing of Jacobite Syrian church.
Diocese Secretary: Paul Kooran
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl No !! Region !! Priest Vice President !! Secretary !! No of Units
|-
| 1 || Adimali || – || – || 34
|-
| 2 || Angamaly || – || Saju Parakkadan || 52
|-
| 3 || Kothamangalam || – || Basil Chelad || 48
|-
| 4 || Muvattupuzha || – || – || 37
|-
| 5 || Perumbavoor || – || – || 43
|}

==Mor Gregorios Jacobite Students Movement==
[[MGJSM|Mor Gregorios Jacobite Students Movement]] is the student wing of Jacobite church started in 1922 at Cheruthottukunnel St. George church in Angamali Region of Angamali Diocese by St. Athanasius of [[Aluva]]. MGJSM in Angamali Diocese is divided into six regions
* Spiritual Director: Rev Fr George Vayaliparambil
* Diocesan Coordinator: Shinil Thuruthummel
* Committee Members
# Godly
# Jinson
# Eldho Madathumpady
# Eldho Karukapilly
# Maria Paul
# Aby Mathew
# Joseph Peter
# Fima Joy
# Ebin Eldho
# Belby Benny
# Albin Aleyas
# Ankith Sabu
# Leeba Benny
# Jobin
# Boney

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl No !! Region !! Spiritual Advisor !! Coordinator !! Secretary !! No of Units
|-
| 1 || Adimali || Fr Babu || Jobin || Boney || 17
|-
| 2 || Angamaly || Fr George Vayaliparambil || Godly || Jinson || 23
|-
| 3 || Kothamangalam || Fr Baby John || Ebin Eldhose || Belby Benny || 18
|-
| 4 || Muvattupuzha || Fr Kuriakose Maniyattu || Albin Aleyas || Ankith Sabu || 18
|-
| 5 || Pallikkara || Fr Babu Varghese || Eldho Madathumpady || Eldho Jacob Karukapilly || 20
|-
| 6 || Perumbavoor || Fr Varghese Mannarampil || Aby Mathew || Joseph Peter || 18
|}

==List of Metropolitan==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Name !! Sworn in !! End of term
|-
| 1 || [[Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasius|H G Kadavil Paulose Mor Athanasius]] || 1876 || 1907
|-
| 2 || [[Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II|H B Pulikkottil Joseph Mor Dionysius]] || 1907 || 1909
|-
| 3 || [[Paulose Mar Athanasius|St Paulose Mor Athanasius]] || 1910 || 1953
|-
| 4 || H G Geevarghese Mor Gregorious || 1953 || 1966
|-
| 5 || Philipose Mar Theophilose || 1966 || 1974
|-
| 6 || [[Baselios Thomas I|H B Baselios Thomas I Catholicose (till 2002 H G Thomas Mor Dionysious)]] || 1974 || 2013
|-
| 7 || [[Mor Severios Abraham|H G Abraham Mar Severios]] || 2013 || present
|-
|
|
|
|
|}

==Statistics==
Parishes: 214 (including Independent Chapels:37)
Priests: 294

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Churches of Kerala}}

[[Category:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]
[[Category:Dioceses in Kerala]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox dioceses in India]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Dioceses established in the 19th century]]

Aruni Kashyap

2026-04-19T16:30:46Z

Pandit debotosh dey: put up the entry more to come

{{Short description|Indian writer and academic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Aruni Kashyap
| image = Aruni Kashyap আৰুণি কাশ্যপ.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Assam]], India
| occupation = [[Novelist]], [[short story]] writer, [[poet]], [[translator]], [[Academic staff|academic]]
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]
| genre = [[Fiction]], [[poetry]], literary criticism
| notableworks = ''[[The House with a Thousand Stories]]'' ''[[His Father's Disease]]''
| awards = [[National Endowment for the Arts]] Fellowship Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Fellowship
| website = {{URL|https://www.arunikashyap.com/}}
| employer = [[University of Georgia]]
}}
'''Aruni Kashyap''' is an Indian writer, translator, and academic from [[Assam]], India. He writes in Assamese and English and translates from Assamese. His works have appeared in publications such as ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[Boston Review]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Hindu]]'', and have won several awards. He is an associate professor of English and the Director of the Creative Writing Program at the [[University of Georgia]].

Kashyap is known for his works ''[[The House with a Thousand Stories]]'' (2013) and the short story collections ''[[His Father's Disease]]'' (2019) and ''The Way You Want to Be Loved'' (2024). His work often explores the political conflicts of his home state of [[Assam]], focusing on themes of insurgency, identity, and displacement.

== Career ==
Kashyap writes in both English and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. His debut novel, ''The House with a Thousand Stories'', was published by [[Penguin Random House|Viking]] in 2013. The novel, set in [[Mayong, Assam|Mayong]] in rural Assam, explores the impact of the [[Assam conflict|insurgency in Assam]] on the daily lives of its characters against the backdrop of a family wedding.<ref name="MintRev">{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |date=2013-07-06 |title=Book Review |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/76JHY5WSDdqGO7W8KmZWBL/Book-Review--The-House-With-a-Thousand-Stories.html |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Mint}}</ref> It received critical attention, with reviewers noting its sensitive portrayal of a region often overlooked in mainstream Indian literature.<ref name="LalitRev">{{cite web |date=2014-02-03 |title=Review: The House with a Thousand Stories |url=https://lalitmag.com/review-the-house-with-a-thousand-stories/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=La.Lit: A Literary Magazine}}</ref>

His collection of short stories, ''His Father's Disease'', was published in 2019. The stories are set in both Assam and the United States, examining themes of cultural misunderstanding, identity, sexuality, and the immigrant experience.<ref name="WLT_HFD">{{cite web |last=Chellappan |first=Sravya |date=Spring 2020 |title=His Father's Disease by Aruni Kashyap |url=https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2020/spring/his-fathers-disease-aruni-kashyap |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=World Literature Today}}</ref><ref name="RainTaxi">{{cite web |last=MacBride |first=Michael |date=22 May 2020 |title=His Father's Disease: Stories |url=https://raintaxi.com/his-fathers-disease-stories/ |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=Rain Taxi Review of Books}}</ref> His poetry collection, ''There Is No Good Time for Bad News'', was published in 2021.<ref name="UGA">{{cite web |title=Aruni Kashyap |url=https://www.english.uga.edu/directory/people/aruni-kashyap |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=www.english.uga.edu |publisher=University of Georgia}}</ref> It was nominated for the 58th Georgia Author of the Year Awards 2022, a finalist for the Marsh Hawk Press Poetry Prize, and the Four Way Books Levis Award in Poetry.<ref name="UGA" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-02-01 |title=Write, translator Aruni Kashyap to visit Lander |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-index-journal-write-translator-arun/178567297/ |access-date=2025-08-10 |work=The Index-Journal}}</ref> He has also published short fiction, essays, and poetry in various literary journals, including ''[[The Kenyon Review]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Boston Review]]'', ''AGNI'', and ''[[World Literature Today]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Kenyon">{{cite web |title=Almost Obscene |url=https://kenyonreview.org/piece/july-2019-almost-obscene/ |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=The Kenyon Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=Life Under an Insurgency: An Interview with Aruni Kashyap |url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/mqr/2021/11/life-under-an-insurgency-an-interview-with-aruni-kashyap/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Michigan Quarterly Review |language=en-US}}</ref>

As a translator, Kashyap has worked to bring Assamese literature to a wider audience. He translated [[Indira Goswami]]'s novel ''The Bronze Sword of Thengphakhri Tehsildar'' and Anuradha Sarma Pujari's ''My Poems Are Not For Your Ad-Campaign''.<ref name="NEA">{{cite web |title=Aruni Kashyap |url=https://www.arts.gov/impact/literary-arts/translation-fellows/aruni-kashyap |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=www.arts.gov}}</ref>

Kashyap is an associate professor in the Department of English and serves as the Director of the Creative Writing Program at the [[University of Georgia]] in Athens, Georgia.<ref name="UGA" />

== Themes and style ==
Kashyap's fiction is noted for its focus on Assam and [[Northeast India]], a region he has stated is often misrepresented or ignored in global and Indian narratives.<ref name="SplitLip">{{cite web |title=Complicating the Idea of India: A Conversation with Aruni Kashyap |url=https://splitlipthemag.com/interviews/0321/interview-of-aruni-kashyap |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=Split Lip Magazine}}</ref> He frequently incorporates elements of the region's political history, including insurgency and state violence, into the personal lives of his characters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Janelle |title=UGA professor uses Toni Morrison-inspired style to pen poems about violence in India |url=https://www.onlineathens.com/story/entertainment/books/2021/06/22/uga-professor-aruni-kashyap-releases-poetry-book-indian-violence/7699743002/ |access-date=2025-07-19 |website=Online Athens |language=en-US}}</ref> In an interview with ''The Offing'', he discussed the importance of writing about his home region: "It is true that since I am from a space that is so little depicted in Indian English fiction and doesn't feed into the existing ideas of India... some agents and editors have been befuddled."<ref name="TheOffing">{{cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Q&A with Aruni Kashyap, author of The Way You Want To Be Loved |url=https://theoffingmag.com/interviews/qa-with-aruni-kashyap-author-of-the-way-you-want-to-be-loved/ |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=The Offing}}</ref>

His work also explores issues of [[Queer theory|queer]] identity, diasporic experience, and cultural dislocation.<ref name="WLT_HFD" /><ref name="NecessaryFiction">{{cite web |last=McGrath |first=James |date=23 December 2024 |title=The Way You Want to Be Loved by Aruni Kashyap |url=https://necessaryfiction.com/reviews/the-way-you-want-to-be-loved/ |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=Necessary Fiction}}</ref> His writing style has been described by critics as straightforward and evocative.<ref name="WLT_HFD" /><ref name="NecessaryFiction" /> He has mentioned borrowing from Assamese idioms and storytelling techniques to "expand[ing] the possibilities of English."<ref name="TheOffing" />

== Awards and recognition ==
Kashyap has received several fellowships for his work. He was awarded a [[National Endowment for the Arts]] Fellowship in 2023 to support the translation of the Assamese novel ''The Illuminated Valley'' by Dipak Kumar Barkakati.<ref name="NEA" /> In 2024, he was named a Carl and Lily Pforzheimer Foundation Fellow at the [[Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study]] at [[Harvard University]].<ref name="UGA" /> He has also received the Charles Wallace India Trust Scholarship for Creative Writing, which supported his studies at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name="HarperCollins">{{cite web |title=Aruni Kashyap |url=https://www.harpercollins.com/blogs/authors/aruni-kashyap-0018065 |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=HarperCollins Publishers}}</ref> His translations have been shortlisted for the 2023 and 2024 Armory Square Prize for South Asian Literature in Translation and VOW Book Awards 2024.<ref name="UGA" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=ThePrint |date=2024-06-28 |title=Valley of Words announces 2024 book awards shortlist for translated works in English & Hindi |url=https://theprint.in/india/valley-of-words-announces-2024-book-awards-shortlist-for-translated-works-in-english-hindi/2151112/ |access-date=2025-08-10 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Selected works ==

=== Novels ===

* {{cite book |last=Kashyap |first=Aruni |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/O-7IswEACAAJ?hl=en |title=The House with a Thousand Stories |date=2013 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-08695-5}}
* ''Noikhon Etia Duroit'' (Assamese)

=== Short story collections ===

* {{cite book |last=Kashyap |first=Aruni |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/His_Father_s_Disease/fV9LzQEACAAJ?hl=en |title=His Father's Disease: Stories |date=2019 |publisher=Westland Books |isbn=978-93-88754-58-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Kashyap |first=Aruni |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Way_You_Want_to_Be_Loved/l1920AEACAAJ?hl=en |title=The Way You Want to Be Loved: Short Stories |date=2024 |publisher=Gaudy Boy, LLC |isbn=978-1-958652-08-4}}

=== Poetry ===

* {{cite book |last=Kashyap |first=Aruni |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/There_Is_No_Good_Time_for_Bad_News/TOPPzQEACAAJ?hl=en |title=There Is No Good Time for Bad News |date=2021 |publisher=FutureCycle Press |isbn=978-1-952593-06-2}}

=== As editor ===

* {{cite book |last=Kashyap |first=Aruni |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/How_to_Tell_the_Story_of_an_Insurgency/hPrGDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=How+to+Tell+the+Story+of+an+Insurgency&printsec=frontcover |title=How to Tell the Story of an Insurgency: Fifteen tales from Assam |date= |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2020 |isbn=978-93-5357-653-0}}

=== Translations ===

* ''Ten Love Stories and a Novella of Despair'' by Anuradha Sarma Pujari (Westland 2026)
* ''An Illuminated Valley,'' by Dipak Kumar Barkakati (Penguin Random House 2025)
* ''My Poems Are Not for Your Ad-Campaign'' (Penguin Random House 2023) by [[Anuradha Sharma Pujari|Anuradha Sarma Pujari]]. {{ISBN|978-0-670-09681-7}}.
* ''The Bronze Sword of Thengphakhri Tehsildar by Indira Goswami'' ([[Zubaan Books]], 2013). {{ISBN|978-93-81017-08-1}}.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian poets]]
[[Category:University of Georgia faculty]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Ajit Gopchade

2026-04-18T20:06:11Z

Pandit debotosh dey: put up the details w/ infobox

{{Short description|Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Ajit Gopchade.png
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 3 April 2024
| predecessor = [[V. Muraleedharan]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1970|11|19}}
| birth_place = [[Nanded]], [[Nanded district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Chetna Gopchade|1999}}
| children = 1 son, 1 daughter
| father = Madhavrao Gopchade
| mother = Rukminibai Gopchade
| education = [[M.B.B.S.]], [[M.D.|M.D. (Paediatrics)]]
| alma_mater = [[Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Medical College]] [[Government Medical College, Aurangabad]]
| profession = Doctor, Politician
}}

'''Dr. Ajit Madhavrao Gopchade''' is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] and activist from [[Maharashtra|Maharashra]], who is serving as [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] from Maharashtra state since 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Rajya Sabha Elections 2024: Full list of winners in polls to 56 Upper House seats |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/rajya-sabha-elections-2024-full-list-of-winners-in-polls-to-56-upper-house-seats/3406893/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> He is representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2024-02-15 |title="Didn't expect my candidature": BJP's Ajit Gopchade on RS nomination from Maharashtra |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/didnt-expect-my-candidature-bjps-raja-ajit-gopchade-on-rs-nomination-from-maharashtra20240215045950/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |work=[[ANI News]]}}</ref>

== Early career ==
In 1992, Gopchade has finished his study on [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] and joined with a group of over 300 Hindutva youth activists to [[Ayodhya]] for "karseva," or serving Lord Ram.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos Of BJP's Ajeet Gopchade Atop Babri Masjid During 1992 Demolition Go Viral After His Rajya Sabha Nomination |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/photos-of-bjps-ajeet-gopchade-atop-babri-masjid-during-1992-demolition-go-viral-after-his-rajya-sabha-nomination |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> He admitted that he was in the widely shared 6 December 1992, picture of a group of young people gleefully standing atop one of the [[Babri Masjid|Babri Masjit]]'s three domes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-14 |title=A karsevak part of Babri demolition, a Congress turncoat and a woman professor: BJP's RS choices from Maharashtra |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-bjp-ashok-chavan-medha-kulkarni-ajit-gopchade-rajya-sabha-polls-9161355/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
After completing his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] at a government medical college, he joined the [[BJP]] and functioned as the convener of the party's doctors' cell. He was then elevated to the position of party vice-president in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Londhe |first=Shrikant Ashok |title=Rajya Sabha : कोण आहेत अजित गोपछडे व मेधा कुलकर्णी? ज्यांना भाजपकडून राज्यसभेची उमेदवारी |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/maharashtra/who-is-dr-ajit-gopchade-and-medha-kulkarni-why-bjp-announces-their-name-as-rajya-sabha-candidate-141707912523252.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

Because of his capacity to organize and his proactive involvement in setting up medical camps during COVID-19, the BJP has suggested that he run for the Maharashtra Legislative Council elections in May 2020. But at the last moment, his name was omitted.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajya Sabha poll ticket for 'proud' Ram Janmabhoomi karsevak Ajit Gopchade |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/rajya-sabha-poll-ticket-for-proud-ram-janmabhoomi-karsevak-ajit-gopchade/cid/2001033 |access-date=2024-07-03 |newspaper=The Telegraph | location=India | first=J. P. | last=Yadav | date=17 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Rajya Sabha member (2024–present) ==
In 2024, he was nominated to Rajya Sabha from Maharashtra by BJP along with his colleagues [[Medha Vishram Kulkarni|Medha Kulkarni]] and [[Ashok Chavan]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why BJP cleared Congress path in Rajya Sabha polls in Maharashtra |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/why-bjp-cleared-congress-path-in-rajya-sabha-polls-in-maharashtra-2503403-2024-02-17 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=India Today |language=en | first=Dhaval S. | last=Kulkarni | date=17 February 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopchade, Ajit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1970 births]]

Akash Banerjee

2026-04-18T16:56:28Z

Pandit debotosh dey: put up new post initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian YouTuber}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox youtuber
| name = Akash Banerjee
| image = Akash Banerjee.png
| caption =
| native_name_lang = hi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|03|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lucknow]]
| alma_mater = {{Ubl
| [[La Martinière College]]
| [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA (Hons)]] in History)
| [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephens College]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]] in History)
}}
| occupation = {{hlist| |Radio jockey|YouTuber}}
| years_active = 2006–present
| known_for = [[Caricature]] Bhakt Banerji
| youtube_handle = thedeshbhakt
| youtube_display_name = The Deshbhakt
| youtube_years_active =
| youtube_genre = {{hlist| Politics | Satire | Interviews }}
| youtube_subscribers = 6.62 million
| youtube_views = 1.17 billion

| stats_update =18 april 2026
}}
'''Akash Banerjee''' (born 31 March 1980) is an Indian [[YouTuber]], radio jockey and political satirist. He is known for his YouTube channel "'''The Deshbhakt'''" a satirical show focusing on social, political and environmental issues and his caricature "'''Bhakt Banerjee'''". As of September 2024, he has over 5 million regular viewers and over 6.62 million subscribers,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bansal |first=Varsha |title=India's Government Wants ,Total Control of the Internet to view in early 2026 1.17 Billion April|url=https://www.wired.com/story/indias-government-wants-total-control-of-the-internet/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> with ''[[The Washington Post]]'' calling Deshbhakt "one of the biggest YouTube channels in India".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Verma |first=Pranshu |date=26 September 2023 |title=He live-streamed his attacks on Indian Muslims. YouTube gave him an award. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/09/26/india-monu-manesar-viligante-social-media/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref>

== Career ==

Initially working in [[Radio Mirchi]] and [[Times Now]], Banerjee started working in [[India Today]] as a senior correspondent covering stories like the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|2008 Mumbai terror attacks]] and the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxal insurgency]]. Disillusioned by TV journalism he moved back to Radio Mirchi where he worked till 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Munjal |first=Dhruv |title=This DeshBhakt Questions Everything |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/this-deshbhakt-questions-everything/20190518.htm |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

While working in radio; Banerjee was inspired to start his YouTube channel as a satirical show mixing humour with political commentary.<ref>"[https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/this-poll-season-akash-banerjee-hopes-to-take-political-satire-mainstream-119040501216%201.html This poll season, Akash Banerjee hopes to take political satire mainstream]" by Dhruv Munjal, [[Business Standard]], Apr 05 2019.</ref> One of Banarjee's popular caricatures is Bhakt Banarjee who is portrayed as a fervid supporter of the [[Government of India|BJP government]] and often berates the opposition and people critical of the government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=2019-02-03 |title=The Indian YouTube wars: Political video influencers are heating up the internet in election year |url=https://scroll.in/article/909010/the-indian-youtube-wars-political-video-influencers-are-heating-up-the-internet-in-election-year |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Bhakt Banarjee is often seen interviewing journalists like [[Ravish Kumar]], politicians and other YouTubers like [[Dhruv Rathee]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2019-08-22 |title=Watch: I'm not anti-Modi, I'm pro-journalism, news anchor Ravish Kumar tells satirist Akash Banerjee |url=https://scroll.in/video/934745/watch-im-not-anti-modi-im-pro-journalism-news-anchor-ravish-kumar-tells-satirist-akash-banerjee |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Roshan H. |title=Political comedy is no joke |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/political-comedy-is-no-joke-767706.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

He has also authored the book "Tales from Shining India and Sinking India" in 2013 about events that took place in recent India and the inner-workings of broadcast television in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-02-20 |title=Akash Banerjee's Tales from Shining and Sinking India |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/akash-banerjees-tales-from-shining-and-sinking-india/articleshow/17938982.cms |access-date=2023-11-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In a review, the [[The Sunday Guardian|Sunday Guardian]] described it as "lacking substance" and "self-aggrandizement",<ref>{{Cite web |last=swati |date=2013-01-11 |title=Book Review: Banerjee's essays are a banal mish-mash of sound bytes |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/books/946-book-review-banerjee-s-essays-are-banal-mish-mash-sound-bytes |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref> while [[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]] described it as a "realistic and detailed account on how broadcast media works in the country".<ref>{{Cite web |last=rekhtabooks.com |title=Tales From Shining And Sinking India – Rekhta Books {{!}} Best of Hindi Urdu Literature Books |url=https://rekhtabooks.com/products/tales-from-shining-and-sinking-india |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=rekhtabooks.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* Tales from Shining India and Sinking India (2013)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Akash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7lNmwEACAAJ |title=Tales from Shining and Sinking India |date=2013 |publisher=Amaryllis |isbn=978-93-81506-21-9 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[List of Indian journalists]]
* [[List of Indian YouTubers]]
== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banerjee, Akash}}
[[Category:Indian YouTubers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian satirists]]
[[Category:Indian political artists]]
[[Category:Indian parodists]]
[[Category:Commentary YouTubers]]
[[Category:YouTube channels launched in 2017]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Hindi-language YouTube channels]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

Ek Ajnabee

2026-04-16T09:53:34Z

Pandit debotosh dey: adding basic details w/ infobox - done

{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ek Ajnabee
| image = Ek Ajnabee poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Apoorva Lakhia]]
| producer = [[Bunty Walia]] Jaspreet Singh Walia
| story = Manoj Tyagi
| screenplay = [[Manoj Tyagi]] Apoorva Lakhia
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Man on Fire (Quinnell novel)|Man on Fire]]''|[[A. J. Quinnell]]}}
| starring = [[Amitabh Bachchan]] [[Arjun Rampal]] [[Perizaad Zorabian]] [[Kelly Dorji]]
| music = [[Vishal–Shekhar]] [[Amar Mohile]]
| cinematography = Gururaj R. Jois
| editing = Steven H. Bernard
| studio = G. S. Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|12|09}}
| runtime = 143 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}

'''''Ek Ajnabee – A Man Apart''''' ({{translation|A Stranger}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action-thriller film]] directed by [[Apoorva Lakhia]]. The film stars [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Arjun Rampal]] and [[Perizaad Zorabian]]. It is a remake of [[Tony Scott]]'s ''[[Man on Fire (2004 film)|Man on Fire]]'', a film based on [[Man on Fire (Quinnell novel)|a novel of the same name]], which was also adapted into [[Man on Fire (1987 film)|another film in 1987]].<ref name="Vijayan">{{Cite web|last= Vijayan|first=Vipin|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/09ek.htm|title=Amitabh rocks in Ek Ajnabee|website=[[Rediff.com]]|date=9 December 2005|access-date=3 April 2024|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609103047/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/09ek.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Jha/>

''Ek Ajnabee'' was released theatrically on 9 December 2005.

==Plot==
[[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Suryaveer "Surya" Singh is a bitter man and ex-Army officer, hired by his friend and former comrade [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Shekhar Verma to protect a little girl, Anamika R. Rathore, who resides in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] with her [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Non-resident Indian]] (NRI) family. He is an alcoholic and is not interested in befriending the girl. Eventually, she wins his heart, and he helps her to prepare for a swim meet.

One day Anamika gets kidnapped, and Surya receives serious injuries in his attempt to prevent the kidnapping. Her father is not able to pay the sum to release his daughter. So Suryaveer uses all his skills to save the life of the child, only to find out about the conspiracy that is behind the little girl's kidnapping. Surya learns that Chang, Ravi’s lawyer, is behind some of this. The real mastermind behind this is Chang's brother. Surya holds Chang hostage, while Chang's brother holds Anamika hostage. When they come to exchange the people, Chang's brother then reveals a great secret to Surya. Surya learns that Shekhar was behind the kidnappings. Shekhar tells Surya that he all he cares about is money, and only wanted him to do the dirty work of eliminating all his enemies and that's why he got him involved in Bangkok, and despite Shekhar trying to send him away once the job was done, Surya chose his fate to die now at Shekhar's hands, by choosing to return to help Anamika. Surya kills Chang's brother's men. A fight between Shekhar and Surya ensues and Shekhar is killed, and Surya spends the rest of his life with Anamika and her mother.

In the end, it is shown that Anamika has a new bodyguard, with Surya as her mentor 15 years later.

==Cast==
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as [[Colonel (India)|Col.]] Suryaveer "Surya" Singh
* [[Arjun Rampal]] as [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Shekhar Verma
* Baby Rucha Vaidya as Anamika R. Rathore
* [[Perizaad Zorabian]] as Nikasha R. Rathore
* [[Vikram Chatwal]] as Ravi Rathore
* [[Daya Shankar Pandey]] as Kripa "Krispi" Shankar
* [[Akhilendra Mishra]] as [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] Harvinder "Harry" Singh
* [[Aditya Lakhia]] as Sandeep 'Sammy' Joshi
* [[Denzil Smith]] as Lee Kap
* [[Raj Zutshi|Rajendranath "Raj" Zutshi]] as Wong
* [[Kelly Dorjee]] as [[Bangkok]] Police Officer Inspector Kelly
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]] as Bodyguard (special appearance)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=7 September 2005 |title=Abhishek, Lara in Ek Ajnabee: Its official : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/abhishek-lara-in-ek-ajnabee-its-official/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213021034/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1191292/Abhishek-Lara-in-Ek-Ajnabee-Its-official |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=3 April 2024 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
* [[Lara Dutta]] as Adult Anamika<ref name=":0" />
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] as Hip-Hop MC in the song "They Don't Know" (special appearance)

==Production==
[[Apoorva Lakhia]] said that the script was written with the lead actor, [[Amitabh Bachchan]], in mind.<ref name="Chhabra">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/11ek.htm|title=Amitabh Bachchan: Man On Fire|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=3 April 2024|archive-date=14 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114030342/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/11ek.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>" Lakhia explained that "''[[Man on Fire (Quinnell novel)|Man on Fire]]'' has been made into four films in five different languages.{{sic}} So this is the Indian version. It has all the necessary ingredients required for a movie to come out of India."<ref name="Chhabra"/> [[Vikram Chatwal]], who plays Ravi Rathore in the film, said, "People talk a lot about cross cultural films. These films don't necessarily have to be like ''[[Monsoon Wedding]]'' or ''[[Bend It Like Beckham]]''. This is not another [[Hindi film]]. This is not a remake of ''[[Man on Fire (2004 film)|Man on Fire]]''. If you see the way it is shot, edited and directed, it is setting new standards. Mr Bachchan is reinventing himself. So please don't turn this film into another Bollywood film."<ref name="Chhabra"/>

The film was shot on location in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]], for 35 days. Lakhia said that he and Bunty Walia, a producer, chose Bangkok because "we wanted our characters to stand out. When they are walking on the street, they will look different. Both my heroes are over six feet, and Thai men are not as tall. So it was really important to be in a place where they could stand out."<ref name="Chhabra"/>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ek Ajnabee
| type = Soundtrack album
| artist = [[Vishal-Shekhar]] [[Amar Mohile]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 17 November 2005
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The film's music was composed by [[Vishal–Shekhar]] and [[Amar Mohile]], with lyrics written by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]], [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Jaideep Sahni]], and [[Lalit Tiwari]].

=== Review ===
Vipin Vijayan of [[Rediff.com]] said, "The film's music is funky and may soon rock discotheques."<ref name="Vijayan"/>

===Track listing===
{| class=wikitable
! #
! Title
! Singer(s)
! Lyrics
! Composer
! Length
|-
|1
|"Barf Khushi Hai"
|[[Kailash Kher]]
|[[Jaideep Sahni]]
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|05:14
|-
|2
|"Ek Ajnabi (Mama Told Me)"
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Sukhwinder Singh]], Vishal Dadlani
|[[Vishal Dadlani]]
|Vishal-Shekhar
|06:01
|-
|3
|"Soniye"
|Sunidhi Chauhan, [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|[[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
|[[Amar Mohile]]
|05:57
|-
|4
|"Stranger On The Prowl"
|[[Shilpa Rao]]
|Sameer
|Amar Mohile
|04:14
|-
|5
|"Tere Liye Meri"
|[[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Clinton Cerejo]]
|Sameer
|Vishal - Shekhar
|04:50
|-
|6
|"They Dont Know"
|Kunal Ganjawala
|[[Lalit Tiwari]]
|Amar Mohile
|04:00
|-
|7
|"Blast U Between Ur Eyes (Remix)"
|Kunal Ganjawala
|Lalit Tiwari
|Amar Mohile
|04:24
|-
|8
|"Soniye (Mix N Match Remix)"
|Sunidhi Chauhan, KK
|Sameer
|Amar Mohile
|04:49
|-
|9
|"Tere Liye Meri (Part 2)"
|Kunal Ganjawala
|Sameer
|Vishal-Shekhar
|04:47
|}

==Reception==
===Critical response===
Manish Gajjar of [[BBC.com|BBC Shropshire]] wrote, "Overall, this thriller is a must-see if you are an [[Amitabh Bachchan|Amitabh]] fan."<ref name="Gajjar">{{Cite web |title=BBC - Shropshire - Bollywood - Ek Ajnabee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2005/12/ek_ajnabee_review.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014023837/https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2005/12/ek_ajnabee_review.shtml |archive-date=14 October 2022 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=BBC.co.uk}}</ref> Vipin Vijayan of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' said that the film "reinvents Vijay Dinanath Chauhan (Bachchan's very popular character in [[Agneepath (1990 film)|''Agneepath'']])," and that the film has "a racy first" act but that it "loses steam in the second half."<ref name="Vijayan"/>

[[Bunty Walia]], the producer, said that there had been accusations that the film had been plagiarised. He said "To our credit, <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Apoorva Lakhia]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> and I never hid the fact that Ek Ajnabee was adapted from [[Man on Fire (2004 film)|''Man on Fire'']]. Quite unlike some others who borrow blindly and presume others are blind to their intentions."<ref name=Jha/>

In 2006 the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] stated an interest in acquiring a copy of the ''Ek Ajnabee'' screenplay for its collection. Walia said that this was an "honour" after the plagiarism accusations.<ref name=Jha/> Subhash K. Jha of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' said, "Isn't it ironical that the Americans want a copy of a script, which is straightaway inspired by the Hollywood film ''Man on Fire''?"<ref name=Jha>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K |date=1 February 2006 |title=Ek Ajnabee script for Oscar collection|language=en-IN |work=Hindustan Times|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM6/Ek-Ajnabee-script-for-Oscar-collection/Article1-58002.aspx |access-date=1 February 2006|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411021939/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM6/Ek-Ajnabee-script-for-Oscar-collection/Article1-58002.aspx|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref>

===Box office===
In the United Kingdom, the film was screened in 20 cinemas during its opening weekend, making £35,058, with an average of £1,757 per showing. Manish Gajjar of BBC Shropshire said, "It has not done so well in the UK cinemas."<ref name="Gajjar"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Bollywood|Thailand}}
*{{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20060106091926/http://www.gsentertainment.com/ekajnabee/index.htm}}
* {{IMDb title}}
*{{YouTube|id=VBfuNqC5TdI|title=Ek Ajnabee}}

{{Man on Fire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajnabee, Ek}}
[[Category:2005 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s vigilante films]]
[[Category:2005 action drama films]]
[[Category:2005 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Fiction about Indian diaspora]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Films about bodyguards]]
[[Category:Films about child abduction]]
[[Category:Films about families]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in Thailand]]
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]
[[Category:Films about murderers]]
[[Category:Films about veterans]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films based on crime novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Apoorva Lakhia]]
[[Category:Films scored by Amar Mohile]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal–Shekhar]]
[[Category:Films set in 2005]]
[[Category:Films set in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films set in Thailand]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bangkok]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thailand]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of English films]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Eros International]]

Charari Sharief Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:17Z

Pandit debotosh dey: adding first article more to come

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = [[Charari Sharief]]
| mla = [[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]]
| party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Budgam district|Budgam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]]
| established = 1962
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 30
}}

'''Charari Sharief Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Charari Sharief is also part of [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Charari Sharief Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/charari-sharief.html|access-date=2021-06-22|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Bakshi Abdul Rashid || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Abdul Qayoom || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=6 | [[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Ghulam Nabi Lone]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Charari Sharief|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0830.htm|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709163002/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0830.htm|archive-date=9 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=35,957 |percentage=48.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ghulam Nabi Lone]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=24,461 |percentage=32.98% |change={{decrease}}17.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hakeem Mohammed Yaseen Shah |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front (Secular) |votes=4,401 |percentage=5.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Owais Ashraf Shah |party=Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party |votes=1,853 |percentage=2.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zahid Hussain Jan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,779 |percentage=2.40% |change={{increase}}1.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,333 |percentage=1.80% |change={{increase}}1.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Javed Mohmmed Hubi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,295 |percentage=1.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nisar Ahmad Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=1,079 |percentage=1.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Yousuf Ganaie |party=Independent politician |votes=999 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gazanfar Ali |party=Independent politician |votes=671 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,496 |percentage=15.50% |change= {{increase}}7.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,176 |percentage=67.94% |change= {{decrease}}14.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,09,174 |ref = |change= {{increase}}39.33 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ghulam Nabi Lone]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=32,849 |percentage=50.85% |change={{increase}}15.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=27,682 |percentage=42.85% |change={{decrease}}5.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zahid Hussain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=922 |percentage=1.43% |change={{decrease}}2.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Chopan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=845 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Lateef Lone |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference |votes=727 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Showkat Ahmad Raina |party=Independent politician |votes=579 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=363 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,167 |percentage=8.00% |change= {{decrease}}4.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=64,600 |percentage=82.44% |change= {{increase}}7.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,359 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}2.54 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=24,579 |percentage=48.30% |change={{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ghulam Nabi Lone]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=18,204 |percentage=35.78% |change={{decrease}}6.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nazir Ahmad Yatoo |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Front |votes=3,232 |percentage=6.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqbool Malla |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,036 |percentage=4.00% |change={{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Parra |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party |votes=781 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aftab Ahmad Mir |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=683 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad Dar |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference |votes=630 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ferooz Ahmad Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=508 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,375 |percentage=12.53% |change= {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=50,883 |percentage=74.58% |change= {{increase}}10.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,229 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.98 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=20,275 |percentage=51.29% |change={{decrease}}9.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ghulam Nabi Lone]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=16,520 |percentage=41.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zahid Hussain |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,697 |percentage=4.29% |change={{decrease}}12.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Jamal Yatoo |party=Independent politician |votes=1,035 |percentage=2.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,755 |percentage=9.50% |change= {{decrease}}31.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,527 |percentage=63.71% |change= {{increase}}2.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,040 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.11 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}9.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=19,590 |percentage=60.31% |change={{decrease}}22.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Hassan Wani |party=Janata Dal |votes=6,395 |percentage=19.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Nabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,302 |percentage=16.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed Gani |party=All India Minorities Front |votes=1,196 |percentage=3.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,195 |percentage=40.62% |change= {{decrease}}32.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,483 |percentage=64.13% |change= {{decrease}}19.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,975 |ref = |change= {{increase}}39.42 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}22.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=25,447 |percentage=82.94% |change={{increase}}13.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid |party=Independent politician |votes=3,062 |percentage=9.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=1,787 |percentage=5.82% |change={{decrease}}63.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Qadir |party=Independent politician |votes=184 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,385 |percentage=72.96% |change= {{increase}}29.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,680 |percentage=85.54% |change= {{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,997 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.25 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}13.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=17,678 |percentage=69.79% |change={{decrease}}2.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Qayoom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,567 |percentage=25.93% |change={{increase}}2.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ghulam Mohammed |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=937 |percentage=3.70% |change={{decrease}}68.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,111 |percentage=43.86% |change= {{decrease}}4.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,330 |percentage=79.47% |change= {{increase}}7.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,968 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)|Abdul Rahim Rather]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=14,766 |percentage=71.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Qayoom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,764 |percentage=23.22% |change={{decrease}}54.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Ali Shah |party=Janata Party |votes=991 |percentage=4.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,002 |percentage=48.74% |change= {{decrease}}16.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,521 |percentage=71.84% |change= {{decrease}}11.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,668 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.48 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Qayoom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,788 |percentage=77.57% |change={{increase}}25.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rahim Rather |party=Independent politician |votes=2,744 |percentage=12.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rough Nath Bhat |party=Independent politician |votes=2,054 |percentage=9.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,044 |percentage=64.89% |change= {{increase}}52.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,642 |percentage=84.14% |change= {{increase}}32.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,853 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Qayoom |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,241 |percentage=52.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. N. Wani |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,766 |percentage=39.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Bhat |party=Democratic National Conference |votes=947 |percentage=7.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,475 |percentage=12.34% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,954 |percentage=50.12% |change= {{increase}}48.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,871 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Charari Sharief<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Bakshi Abdul Rashid |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=23,683 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,683 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Charari Sharief]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{coord|33.863|74.766|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Budgam district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Chief ministership of N. T. Rama Rao

2026-04-07T17:36:15Z

Pandit debotosh dey: adding first biography basic info - done

{{Cleanup rewrite|the article is poorly organised and most of it is barely comprehensible|2=article|date=December 2025}}
{{Short description|Government of Andhra Pradesh (1983–1989, 1994–1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox administration
| image = NT Rama Rao.jpg
| caption = Rao on an Indian stamp
| name = Chief ministership of N. T. Rama Rao
| premier = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| premier_link = List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh
| seal =
| seal_caption =
| official_url =

| term_start1 = 9 January 1983
| term_end1 = 16 August 1984
| predecessor1 = [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
| successor1 = [[N. Bhaskara Rao]]
| seat1 = [[Gudivada Assembly constituency|Gudivada]]
| election1 = [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| appointer1 = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]], [[K. C. Abraham]]
| cabinet1 = [[First N. T. Rama Rao ministry|First]]

| term_start2 = 16 September 1984
| term_end2 = 9 March 1985
| predecessor2 = [[N. Bhaskara Rao]]
| successor2 = ''Himself''
| seat2 = [[Gudivada Assembly constituency|Gudivada]]
| election2 = ''[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1984 coup]]''
| appointer2 = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]], [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| cabinet2 = [[Second N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Second]]

| term_start3 = 9 March 1985
| term_end3 = 2 December 1989
| predecessor3 = ''Himself''
| successor3 = [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
| seat3 = [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]
| election3 = [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| appointer3 = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]], [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| cabinet3 = [[Third N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Third]]

| term_start4 = 12 December 1994
| term_end4 = 1 September 1995
| predecessor4 = [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]]
| successor4 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| seat4 = [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]
| election4 = [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| appointer4 = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]], [[Krishan Kant]]
| cabinet4 = [[Fourth N. T. Rama Rao ministry|Fourth]]
}}
{{N. T. Rama Rao series}}


'''[[Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]]''' (also known as N.T.R<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2017-05-28 |title=N.T. Rama Rao: A timeline |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article62061789.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817085527/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nt-rama-rao-a-timeline/article62061789.ece |archive-date=17 August 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>) served as [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh]] for four terms between 1983 and 1995. He was the first person to hold the office while not a member of the [[Indian National Congress]],<ref name=":0" /> representing the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP), which he founded in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Desam Party turns 29, NT Rama Rao remembered |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-telugu-desam-party-turns-29-nt-rama-rao-remembered-1364859 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817090542/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-telugu-desam-party-turns-29-nt-rama-rao-remembered-1364859 |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Tummala |first=Krishna K |date=Mar 1986 |title=Democracy Triumphant in India: The Case of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/2644198 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=378–81 |doi=10.2307/2644198 |jstor=2644198 |access-date=17 August 2023 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In August 1984, during his first term and while undergoing coronary heart surgery in the United States, Rama Rao was removed from office by [[Thakur Ram Lal]], then [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]], and replaced with his finance minister, [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Murty |first=K. Ramachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7pD5oTDw0IC&pg=PA48 |title=Parties Elections And Mobilisation |date=2001-01-01 |publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited |isbn=978-81-261-0979-1 |pages=48–49 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Manisha |date=2019-01-18 |title=N.T. Rama Rao, the three-time CM of Andhra Pradesh who could serve one full term |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/n-t-rama-rao-the-three-time-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-who-could-serve-one-full-term/179269/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817092311/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/n-t-rama-rao-the-three-time-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-who-could-serve-one-full-term/179269/ |archive-date=2023-08-17 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> Following his return to India, Rama Rao demonstrated majority support among members of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] and was reinstated as Chief Minister in September 1984.<ref name=":1" />

He was re-elected for a second term in 1985 and completed the full term.<ref name=":2" /> In the 1989 assembly elections, his party lost power, and he returned as Chief Minister in 1994 for his third and final term, in alliance with Left parties.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> In 1995, [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]], his son-in-law, assumed leadership of the TDP and became Chief Minister. Rama Rao died of a heart attack in 1996.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Sheikh |date=31 January 1996 |title=A legacy under siege |work=[[Outlook India]] |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329150255/http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715 |archive-date=2019-03-29}}</ref>

His policies and priorities during his terms as Chief Minister were the subject of discussion and debate among political analysts and commentators.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}}

== Policy ==

===Economic policies===
[[File:Naa Kalam - Naa Galam Page 105 Image 0001.jpg|thumb|200px|N. T. Rama Rao]]
Rama Rao's government pursued the divestment of selected non-performing state-owned industries to private entities, with the stated objective of improving their operational efficiency. As part of this policy, Hyderabad Allwyn Limited (Allwyn Motors) was divested and subsequently became part of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=John |date=2020-09-11 |title=40 Things we all should know about Sri.Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao (NTR). |url=https://southreport.com/40-things-we-all-should-know-about-sri-nandamuri-taraka-ramarao-ntr/ |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=southreport |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In-efficient State institutes divested |newspaper=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/states-follow-double-standardsprivatisation/170435/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012154839/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/states-follow-double-standardsprivatisation/170435/ |archive-date=2012-10-12 |access-date=2023-08-17}}</ref>

During his later tenure, Rama Rao supported policies aimed at reducing government involvement in economic activity and promoting autonomous economic institutions. In this context, his government enacted the Andhra Pradesh Mutually Aided Co-operative Societies Act, 1995 (MACS Act).<ref name="macs-book">{{cite book |last1=Ravichandran |first1=K |last2=Nakkiran |first2=S |title=Cooperative Entrepreneurship in Action |publisher=Studera Press |date=2015 |isbn=9788193033302 |pages=48–49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gCg2DwAAQBAJ}}</ref>

The MACS Act established a legal framework for the formation and functioning of mutually aided cooperative societies, emphasizing their autonomy from government control while prescribing regulatory provisions related to governance, accountability, and member equality. The Act defined cooperatives as democratic institutions and outlined rules governing profit distribution and member participation.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Andhra Pradesh Mutually Aided Co-operative Societies Act, 1995 (Act No. 30 of 1995) |url=https://leap.unep.org/countries/in/national-legislation/andhra-pradesh-mutually-aided-co-operative-societies-act-1995-act |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817105952/https://leap.unep.org/countries/in/national-legislation/andhra-pradesh-mutually-aided-co-operative-societies-act-1995-act |archive-date=2023-08-17 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=leap.unep.org}}</ref> It also provided for the establishment of a dedicated tribunal mechanism to adjudicate disputes involving such societies.<ref name="macs-book" />

Elements of the MACS framework were later referenced in cooperative sector reforms beyond Andhra Pradesh, and aspects of its principles were reflected in national policy discussions and international cooperative guidelines, including those issued by the [[United Nations]] in 2001.<ref name="macs-book" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Draft guidelines aimed at creating a supportive environment for the development of cooperatives |url=https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/social/documents/AnnexE200168.pdf |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=United Nations}}</ref>

===Education Policies===

N. T. Rama Rao articulated a policy vision that emphasized education as a tool for social development, administrative efficiency, and economic participation. His initiatives were implemented during his tenure as Chief Minister, with administrative support from education officials including [[Gali Muddu Krishnama Naidu]].

Rama Rao viewed education as an instrument for social mobility, particularly for women and socially disadvantaged groups. He supported expanding access to educational opportunities based on merit, with the objective of improving overall societal efficiency. He also emphasized the role of language in education, arguing that instruction in Telugu would benefit students in public administration and local economic participation.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 February 2021 |title=11,000 typists, speeches, statue — How N.T. Rama Rao promoted Telugu |url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/11000-typists-speeches-statue-how-n-t-rama-rao-promoted-telugu-at-the-cost-of-urdu/604505/ |access-date=5 Jul 2021 |publisher=ThePrint.in}}</ref>

Rama Rao supported the use of Telugu in education and administration, while also acknowledging the importance of multilingual instruction. He advocated the inclusion of English and Hindi as part of primary education to facilitate communication beyond the state. He opposed the growing reliance on private English-medium schooling, stating that public education required strengthening rather than substitution by private institutions.

To address these concerns, he proposed measures that included the use of Telugu and Urdu in government employment and institutional processes, the strengthening of the Telugu Academy to translate academic material into Telugu, and improvements to government schools alongside compulsory instruction in English and Hindi. His views reflected educational models followed in several non-English-speaking countries, where primary instruction is conducted in the mother tongue.

During his tenure, Rama Rao oversaw revisions to the state school curriculum. He introduced statewide standardized entrance examinations for higher education, including engineering and medicine, through the [[EAMCET]] (Engineering and Medical Common Entrance Test). Admissions to state colleges were based on merit rankings obtained in these examinations. His government also prohibited capitation fee–based admissions in higher education institutions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rama Rao-Profile |url=http://www.supertelugu.com/profiles/profiles.php?id=35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912225655/http://www.supertelugu.com/profiles/profiles.php?id=35 |archive-date=12 September 2011 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Supertelugu.com}}</ref>

Rama Rao supported lifelong learning and sought to expand educational access for women and working professionals whose studies had been interrupted. He was involved in the establishment of an Open University that offered distance education programmes.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Samdani MN |date=Sep 22, 2022 |title=Health Varsity Was The First Exclusive Centre For Medical Education In Country {{!}} Amaravati News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/health-varsity-was-the-first-exclusive-centre-for-medical-education-in-country/articleshow/94363178.cms |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

His administration also prohibited government school teachers from operating private tuition centres. This decision led to protests by teachers’ unions. Despite opposition, examinations were conducted as scheduled, with administrative support from Non-Gazetted Officers.

The Andhra Pradesh Residential Education Institutions Society (APREIS), originally established in 1972, was reorganized under Rama Rao's government in 1988 through G.O.Ms.No.363, Education (SSE.I) Department. The reforms expanded the number of institutions and placed them under direct oversight of the Education Ministry, with governance provided by a dedicated board.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ap Residential |first=Gov of Andhra Pradesh |title=AboutAPREIS |url=http://www.apresidential.gov.in/Pages/AboutAPREIS.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318091214/http://www.apresidential.gov.in/Pages/AboutAPREIS.aspx |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013}}</ref>

The Andhra Pradesh Residential Junior Colleges (APRJC), operating under APREIS, expanded access to intermediate education for rural and disadvantaged students. Alumni from these institutions have gained admission to national-level technical institutes, including the Indian Institutes of Technology and BITS.<ref>{{cite web |last=Education |first=Andhra |title=A P Residential Junior College Background |url=http://www.educationandhra.com/junior-colleges-in-andhra-pradesh/with-hostel-facility/aprjc-information-about-aprjc-system-ap-residential-junior-colleges-background/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306090734/http://www.educationandhra.com/junior-colleges-in-andhra-pradesh/with-hostel-facility/aprjc-information-about-aprjc-system-ap-residential-junior-colleges-background/ |archive-date=6 March 2013 |access-date=9 March 2013}}</ref>

Rama Rao also supported the establishment of Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam in Tirupati, a women's university aimed at expanding access to higher education for women in the state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prospectus for the University admission |url=http://www.spmvv.ac.in/Applications/Prospectus%202011-12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717212128/http://www.spmvv.ac.in/Applications/Prospectus%202011-12.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2011 |access-date=31 May 2011 |publisher=Sri Padmavati Mahila Vishwa Vidyalayam}}</ref>

===Legislations===
After assuming office in 1983, Rama Rao's first legislative initiative was the enactment of the Andhra Pradesh Upa Lok Pal (civil society ombudsman) Bill, which drew inspiration from ombudsman systems in Scandinavian countries. The A.P. Lokayukta Act, 1983 (Act 11 of 1983) came into force on 1 November 1983.<ref>{{cite web |last=Government |first=Andhra Pradesh |title=Institution of Andhra Lokayuktha |url=http://www.lokayukta.ap.nic.in/about-institution.html |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref> The Act provided a statutory mechanism through which citizens could initiate complaints against public functionaries, including the Chief Minister, with investigations conducted through legally defined procedures.

Rama Rao's government also enacted amendments to the [[Hindu Succession Act]] in Andhra Pradesh to provide women with equal inheritance rights in ancestral property.<ref name="Messiah of Masses">{{cite news |title=Messiah of Masses |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901160200.htm |url-status=usurped |access-date=2 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314034454/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/09/stories/2002120901160200.htm |archive-date=14 March 2003}}</ref>

The Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) programme was introduced in 1983 as a centrally sponsored pilot project across 50 districts in India. In Andhra Pradesh, the programme received active administrative and political support during Rama Rao's tenure, with an emphasis on organizing rural women into self-help and income-generating groups. The state's implementation later influenced revisions to the programme at the national level, including the involvement of non-governmental organizations in organizing women into small economic collectives. The programme continued under subsequent administrations, with later policy enhancements such as subsidized credit schemes, and remains part of Andhra Pradesh's rural development framework.<ref>{{cite web |title=Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) - A Microfinance Success Story in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Economics/Development%20of%20Women%20and%20Children%20in%20Rural%20Areas-DWCRA-Microfinance-Economics.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecasecentre.org/products/view?id=19364|title=Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA): A Microfinance Success Story in Andhra Pradesh (India)|website=The Case Centre}}</ref>

Rama Rao's government enacted prohibition legislation and discontinued state-sponsored manufacture of low-cost alcoholic beverages intended for mass consumption.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prohibition – Dry State Law |newspaper=OutlookIndia |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?203321}}</ref>

His administration reduced the retirement age for state government employees from 58 to 55. During disputes with government employee unions, including a general strike over pay parity demands, the government invoked provisions of the National Security Act. The administration also restructured certain state-run organizations, including the Housing Construction Corporation, citing fiscal considerations. Rama Rao relocated his office outside the state secretariat, citing administrative efficiency concerns.<ref name="Mishra 2000 275–279">{{cite book |last=Mishra |first=Bhavana |title=Politics of opposition and union-state relations |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. |year=2000 |isbn=81-261-0495-3 |pages=275–279}}</ref>

Rama Rao oversaw the implementation of constitutionally mandated reservations in local bodies for women, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, which had previously seen limited enforcement. His government also passed legislation providing 55% reservations for Backward Classes in professional education, which was subsequently struck down by the High Court, leading to its withdrawal.<ref name="Mishra 2000 275–279" />

His government abolished the [[Village accountant#Patwari|Patel–Patwari system]], an inheritance-based revenue administration structure that had been prevalent in parts of Telangana.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahul |first=N. |date=2020-09-07 |title=VRO administration at stake |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/vro-administration-at-stake/article32546479.ece |access-date=2022-12-25}}</ref>

Rama Rao repealed the Andhra Pradesh Safe Road Transport Act, which had nationalized private bus services, with the stated objective of encouraging private participation in road transport while redefining the state transport corporation's role to focus on underserved rural routes. During his tenure, road transport connectivity was expanded to rural areas. However, his government did not repeal the Urban Land Ceiling Act (1976) or the Agricultural Land Ceiling Act (1975), despite stated intentions to reform them.

Rama Rao's government abolished the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council. Critics had described the Council as an unproductive expense to the state exchequer and questioned its representative legitimacy, alleging that it was used to accommodate individuals not elected to the legislature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Looking for upsides of an Upper House |newspaper=The Indian Express |at=second last paragraph from bottom |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=82827 |access-date=12 March 2007}}</ref>

===Welfare policies===
Rama Rao's government introduced a subsidized public distribution scheme under which rice was supplied at a fixed price of {{INRConvert|2}} per kilogram to agricultural labourers earning less than {{INRConvert|500}} per month.<ref name="Messiah of Masses" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K |date=15 November 1994 |title=Andhra Pradesh: NTR's populist schemes pose a challenge |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19941115-andhra-pradesh-ntr-populist-schemes-pose-a-challenge-809945-1994-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819121321/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19941115-andhra-pradesh-ntr-populist-schemes-pose-a-challenge-809945-1994-11-14 |archive-date=2023-08-19 |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

His administration also implemented a mid-day meal programme for primary school students from households earning below {{INRConvert|500}} per month.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite news |date=28 September 2002 |title=Cabinet Recommends Sambar .. |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-28/hyderabad/27324425_1_mid-day-meal-sambar-scheme |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614053446/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-09-28/hyderabad/27324425_1_mid-day-meal-sambar-scheme |archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> Additional welfare measures included programmes to provide basic household electricity connections to low-income families in rural areas.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Reforms – Rama Rao |url=http://www.indiastudychannel.com/sites/154007/Forum-6116-RamaRao.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112143904/http://www.indiastudychannel.com/sites/154007/Forum-6116-RamaRao.aspx |archive-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>

In 1983, Rama Rao initiated a state-funded housing programme aimed at replacing kutcha houses with pucca houses for economically weaker sections. The programme targeted the construction of approximately 500,000 houses over five years, at an estimated cost of {{INRConvert|6000}} per unit.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2014-11-03 |title=Andhra Pradesh government to spend Rs 2,500-crore on housing for poor: Yanamala Ramakrishnudu |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/andhra-pradesh-government-to-spend-rs-2500-crore-on-housing-for-poor-yanamala-ramakrishnudu/articleshow/45028123.cms |access-date=2023-08-19 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The housing programme was continued under subsequent administrations, including that of Chandrababu Naidu, with implementation overseen by Finance Minister [[Yanamala Rama Krishnudu]].<ref name=":8" /> Over the following years, additional housing units were constructed under the scheme.<ref name=":7" />

Rama Rao's government also provided subsidized electricity to small and marginal farmers earning less than {{INRConvert|12000}} annually, at a nominal charge of {{INRConvert|50}} per year.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite book |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADK227.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028094313/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADK227.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 October 2011 |title=The Political Economy of Agricultural Policy Reform in India |publisher=Regina Birner et al. |year=2007 |page=73}}</ref>

Additional welfare initiatives included subsidized distribution of clothing to women from households earning below {{INRConvert|500}} per month.<ref name=":7" /> The procurement of clothing for this programme was undertaken through the Andhra Pradesh Co-operative Organisation (APCO), which represents traditional handloom weavers.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Irrigation===
Rama Rao's government initiated major investments in irrigation infrastructure, including the Telugu Ganga Project. The project aimed to augment irrigation in parts of [[Rayalaseema]] and supply drinking water to [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite news |date=28 February 2008 |title=Telugu Ganaga gets renamed after its architect - Rama Rao |newspaper=greatandhra.com |url=http://www.greatandhra.com/viewnews.php?id=11409&cat=&scat=16 |access-date=26 April 2011}}</ref> The project also received support and assistance from the Indian spiritual leader [[Sathya Sai Baba|Sri Sathya Sai Baba]].<ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2004 |title=Kandaleru water reaches Satyamurthi Sagar |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/09/stories/2004030913280300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040508103601/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/09/stories/2004030913280300.htm |archive-date=8 May 2004}}</ref>

During this period, Rama Rao sought expert input on long-term water resource planning and invited irrigation engineer [[Kanuri Lakshmana Rao]] to contribute to discussions on integrated water management. Despite his advanced age and ill health at the time, Kanuri Lakshmana Rao prepared conceptual frameworks related to inter-basin water transfers and river-linking proposals.

These ideas emphasized the potential redistribution of water from glacier-fed rivers in northern India to rain-fed rivers in peninsular regions. Proposals included linking selected tributaries of the Ganga and Brahmaputra systems with the Godavari and Krishna river basins, as well as downstream linkages along the eastern river systems. Elements of this approach were later reflected in broader national discussions on river interlinking. Rama Rao advocated inter-state cooperation on these concepts, which subsequently featured in national-level policy discourse, including the [[Indian rivers inter-linking project]] promoted during the tenure of Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].

Within Andhra Pradesh, these discussions informed proposals for phased irrigation development, including link canals between the Godavari, Krishna, and Pennar river systems, aimed at improving water availability in drought-prone regions. The proposals focused primarily on long-term planning and conceptual design rather than immediate large-scale implementation.

Rama Rao's government also introduced reforms in the management of irrigation water distribution from major reservoirs by involving farmer organizations (raitu sangams) in planning and allocation decisions..

===Developmental projects===
During N. T. Rama Rao's tenure, the state government initiated the construction and upgradation of airport facilities at Tirupati, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, and [[Warangal]]. His administration also commissioned feasibility and investment studies for port development at [[Nellore]], [[Machilipatnam]], and [[Kakinada]].

Rama Rao's government invested in the expansion of rural road infrastructure. According to published analyses, approximately 22,000 miles of roads were constructed during this period, contributing significantly to the state's road network.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=Sanjay Kumar |date=6 December 2000 |title=State Road Transportation Undertakings from 1983–84 to 1996–97: A Multilateral Analysis of Total Productivity |journal=Indian Journal of Transportation Management |volume=25 |pages=363–388 |url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~sanjay/tfp.pdf |access-date=31 May 2011}}</ref>

Improvements in road and air connectivity to Tirupati coincided with the establishment of the National MST Radar Facility (NMRF) near the city. The facility was set up with objectives that included atmospheric research, weather forecasting, and support for space and satellite-related applications, including those associated with [[Sriharikota]]. The facility also contributed to meteorological data used in water resource planning and satellite-based educational initiatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=National MST Radar Facility (NMRF) |work=ISRO – Independent projects |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |url=http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/comcom/develop73.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929102555/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/comcom/develop73.htm |archive-date=29 September 2011 |access-date=31 May 2011}}</ref>

The National Fertilizers Corporation of India Limited (NFCL) and the Godavari Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited (GFCL) were established during Rama Rao's first and second terms, respectively. Contemporary accounts note administrative support for the rapid operationalisation of these units. During this period, fertilizer consumption in Andhra Pradesh increased significantly relative to the national average.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived report on fertilizer usage |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_fertliser.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210081224/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_fertliser.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> Studies from agricultural research institutions also recorded notable gains in agricultural productivity during this period.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archived agricultural productivity report |url=http://www.icrisat.org/what-we-do/impi/whats-new/research%20report%20no2-1090.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324154531/http://www.icrisat.org/what-we-do/impi/whats-new/research%20report%20no2-1090.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref>

In urban infrastructure, Rama Rao's government constructed the [[Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station]] (MGBS) in Hyderabad, which at the time of completion was among the largest bus terminals in Asia. His administration also commissioned a large [[Buddha]] statue in Hyderabad, intended to reflect the region's historical association with [[Buddhism]].

The government undertook urban beautification initiatives along Tank Bund in Hyderabad, including the installation of statues depicting notable Telugu personalities. These efforts were part of broader urban development measures that included dredging and cleaning of [[Hussain Sagar]], creation of public recreational spaces, and improvements to surrounding road infrastructure, alongside planned commercial and cultural development in the adjoining areas.

===Security===
In 1989, the Government of [[United Andhra Pradesh]] established a specialized [[commando]] force to address internal security challenges, particularly those related to [[Naxalism]]. Contemporary security analyses have cited the force as part of a broader counterinsurgency strategy that combined policing measures with administrative and developmental interventions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Naxalism – Retreat of Civil Governance |newspaper=SATP.ORG |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/faultlines/volume5/Fault5-7asahni.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tackling Maoists: the Andhra paradigm |url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/tackling-maoists-the-andhra-paradigm/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=Indian Defence Review |date=25 May 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref>

During Rama Rao's tenure, the state administration implemented security and administrative measures during [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] processions in [[Hyderabad]]. Academic and journalistic accounts note a decline in the scale and frequency of communal disturbances associated with Ganesh immersion during this period, compared with earlier decades.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Engineer |first=Asghar Ali |date=9 February 1991 |title=Making of Hyderabad Riots |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=271–274 |jstor=4397302}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mustafa |first=Gulam |date=2023-05-28 |title=As Andhra Chief Minister, NTR went beyond giving rice for Rs 2 a kg to the poor |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/as-andhra-chief-minister-ntr-went-beyond-giving-rice-for-rs-2-a-kg-to-the-poor-799566 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-08 |title=The story of the man behind Hyderabad's famous Buddha statue at Hussain Sagar |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/story-man-behind-hyderabads-famous-buddha-statue-hussain-sagar-60035 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

===Governance and other initiatives===
The [[Visakhapatnam Steel Plant]], which had faced delays and operational challenges since its inception, became operational during Rama Rao's tenure as Chief Minister. Contemporary accounts note that the state government engaged with the central government to expedite the project's progress.

During his administration, efforts were made to strengthen tertiary healthcare infrastructure in Hyderabad, including recruitment of medical professionals and expansion of advanced medical facilities. His government also established a medical university in [[Vijayawada]].

Rama Rao introduced administrative reforms in [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]], including measures aimed at improving transparency and efficiency in temple administration, such as computerised registration systems and financial oversight mechanisms.

Under his leadership, the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) undertook organisational reforms, including computerisation of party records and the development of a structured grassroots organisation at the village level. Political scientists have noted that these measures contributed to the consolidation of a competitive non-Congress political alternative in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Neuss |first=Juergen |year=1998 |title=The Rama Rao phenomenon reconsidered |url=http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~jneuss/publikation/download/RamaRao.pdf |journal=Internationales Asienforum |volume=29 |issue=1–2 |pages=23–45}}</ref>

His government abolished the hereditary munusobu and karanam systems and transferred administrative authority to elected representatives in local self-government institutions. Reforms were also introduced in temple administration, including standardised entrance examinations for Vedic studies and policies allowing non-Brahmins to serve as priests in certain temples.

In 1989, Rama Rao played a key role in the formation of the [[National Front (India)|National Front]], a coalition of non-Congress political parties, and served as its founding president. The National Front formed the government at the centre following the [[1989 Indian general election]]. Scholars have described this period as significant in the transition from single-party dominance to coalition politics at the national level.

During this phase, Rama Rao engaged in strategic alliances with leaders from other states and parties, including support extended to [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] in a parliamentary election and cooperation with political leaders from Tamil Nadu in connection with the Telugu Ganga Project. These alliances contributed to Andhra Pradesh's engagement with central policy-making during his tenure.

Rama Rao is also associated with efforts to emphasise a distinct Telugu cultural and political identity for Andhra Pradesh following its separation from the erstwhile [[Madras State]]. During his tenure, the Telugu film industry increasingly shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad, contributing to the city's growth as a centre for Telugu cinema.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 February 2010 |title='It's more about Telangana identity than development' |website=Deccan Herald |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/54452/its-more-telangana-identity-development.html}}</ref>

In December 1985, his government issued G.O. 610, which mandated the implementation of local reservation policies in government employment in the Telangana region, following an audit process. Subsequent administrative measures, including G.O. 674, were issued to enforce compliance with these provisions.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 November 2012 |title=HC upholds GO 610; repatriated staff told to join duty |work=The Times of India |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-22/hyderabad/35302177_1_bench-judicial-commission-employees-of-various-departments |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130805181138/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-22/hyderabad/35302177_1_bench-judicial-commission-employees-of-various-departments |archive-date=5 August 2013}}</ref>

Rama Rao introduced the Mandal Praja Parishad (MPP) system as part of a broader decentralisation initiative. Mandals replaced earlier administrative units and became democratically elected local bodies with substantial representation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes. The reform is cited as a significant expansion of local self-governance in the state.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nag |first=Kingshuk |title=Chronicle of an Agitation |publisher=HarperCollins and India Today |date=November 2012 |pages=1922}}</ref>

His administration also introduced measures aimed at increasing women's economic security. Regulations required that salary payments of certain categories of government employees be encashed with spousal acknowledgement, and amendments to the Assigned Lands Act mandated that government-assigned land be registered in the name of a woman in the household wherever applicable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government regulations for state employees |url=http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Acts/Documents/AP%20Last%20Grade%20service%20rules.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215043329/http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Acts/Documents/AP%20Last%20Grade%20service%20rules.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh}}</ref>

== Coup of 1984 ==
In 1984, N. T. Rama Rao was temporarily removed from office during a political crisis in Andhra Pradesh that followed internal dissent within the ruling Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and intervention by the state Governor.<ref name=":4" />

The crisis began while Rama Rao was in the United States undergoing [[Coronary artery bypass surgery|triple bypass heart surgery]]. He had assumed office approximately 18 months earlier after leading the TDP to victory in the 1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, becoming the first non-Congress Chief Minister of the state.

Upon his return to India on 14 August 1984, Rama Rao informed the Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Ram Lal, of what he described as an attempt to replace him as Chief Minister and recommended the removal of his Finance Minister, [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]]. The Governor initially agreed to this request.<ref name=":4" />

On [[Independence Day (India)|15 August 1984]], Rama Rao requested that the Governor convene a session of the Legislative Assembly so that he could demonstrate his majority on the floor of the House. This request was declined. On 16 August, the [[Indian National Congress (R)]] announced its support for Bhaskara Rao,<ref name=":4" /> following which the Governor dismissed Rama Rao's government and appointed Bhaskara Rao as Chief Minister.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=1984-08-17 |title=Another Gandhi is Forced out of State Post|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/17/world/another-gandhi-opponent-is-forced-out-of-state-post.html |access-date=2023-08-17 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Claiborne |first=William |date=21 August 1984 |title=Ousted Leader Takes Protest to New Delhi |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/08/21/ousted-leader-takes-protest-to-new-delhi/696f8f26-67f7-4856-91a5-78d2f25df3f3/ |access-date=19 August 2023}}</ref> The decision was justified on the grounds that Rama Rao had lost his legislative majority, a claim that was disputed at the time.<ref name=":6" /> Rama Rao subsequently presented 168 legislators out of a total strength of 294 as supporting him.<ref name=":4" /> No formal documentation demonstrating a majority for Bhaskara Rao was made public.<ref name=":4" />

Rama Rao attempted to challenge his dismissal and was briefly detained along with a number of legislators who supported him; they were released shortly thereafter.<ref name=":6" /> The episode led to widespread protests across the state, during which multiple casualties were reported.<ref name=":5" /> Contemporary reports and later analyses attributed responsibility for the crisis to actions taken by the central leadership of the Congress party, drawing criticism both within India and internationally.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

Subsequently, the Governor reversed his earlier decision and reinstated Rama Rao as Chief Minister, allowing him to prove his majority in the Legislative Assembly. After securing a confidence vote, Rama Rao dissolved the Assembly and called for fresh elections. The TDP won the subsequent election with an increased majority, returning Rama Rao to office.

Later in 1984, Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] was assassinated in an unrelated incident. In the ensuing [[1984 Indian general election]], the Congress party won a large parliamentary majority at the national level, while the TDP retained its position as the principal opposition party from Andhra Pradesh.

In 1989, several opposition parties came together to form the [[National Front (India)|National Front]], with Rama Rao playing a prominent role in its formation and leadership. The National Front won the [[1989 Indian general election]], forming a government at the centre and marking a significant shift towards coalition politics in India.

Scholars and political commentators have cited these events—particularly the 1984 Andhra Pradesh crisis and the subsequent rise of coalition governments—as contributing to changes in centre–state relations and the evolving limits on the central government's use of constitutional powers to dismiss elected state governments.

== Coup of 1995 ==
In 1995, internal divisions emerged within the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), leading to a change in leadership. A group of senior party leaders opposed what they described as the growing influence of [[Lakshmi Parvathi]], Rama Rao's second wife, in party affairs and the state government.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=A legacy under siege |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-legacy-under-siege/200715 |publisher=Outlook |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> These disagreements culminated in a revolt within the party.

[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] secured the support of a majority of the TDP legislators and was appointed Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh on 1 September 1995, replacing Rama Rao.<ref name="auto"/> Contemporary reporting identified the controversial role attributed to Lakshmi Parvathi as a key factor contributing to the split within the party.<ref>{{cite web |last=Menon |first=Amarnath K |title=N.T. Rama Rao's wife Lakshmi Parvathi may follow Tamil Nadu CM J. Jayalalitha's path |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19950228-nt-rama-raos-wife-lakshmi-parvathi-may-follow-tamil-nadu-cm-j-jayalalithas-path-806957-1995-02-27 |website=India Today |access-date=28 July 2023 |date=28 February 1995}}</ref>

Following his removal from office, Rama Rao publicly expressed his opposition to the change in leadership in interviews, including statements reported by international media outlets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burns |first=John F. |date=19 January 1996 |title=N. T. Rama Rao, 72, Is Dead; Star Status Infused His Politics |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/n-t-rama-rao-72-is-dead-star-status-infused-his-politics.html}}</ref> He died in January 1996.

After his death, Lakshmi Parvathi led a separate political faction, the [[NTR Telugu Desam Party]]. The party failed to achieve significant electoral success and was later dissolved, with Lakshmi Parvathi subsequently joining the [[Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]] (YSRCP).

== Institutions and other establishments founded ==
* [[Ramakrishna Cine Studios]]
* [[Tank Bund Road]]
* [[Buddha Statue of Hyderabad]]
* [[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]]
* [[Dravidian University]] (Brain Child of NTR)
* [[Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam]]
* [[Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences]]
* [[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]]
* [[Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test]] (EAMCET)
* [[Telugu Ganga project]]

== See also ==
* [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
* [[First N. T. Rama Rao ministry]]
* [[Third N. T. Rama Rao ministry]]
* [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|author=Murty, K. R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7pD5oTDw0IC&q=Reddy+rama+rao+elections&pg=PA48|title=Parties, elections, and mobilisation|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|year=2001|pages=48–63|isbn=978-81-261-0979-1}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Chief ministerships of Indian states]]
[[Category:1980s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1990s in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1980s in Indian politics]]
[[Category:1990s in Indian politics]]

Pyramid Natarajan

2026-04-01T01:42:23Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pyramid Natarajan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Valuthoor, Papanasam, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1987-2017
| spouse =
| website = http://pyramidnatarajan.com/
| occupation = [[Actor]], producer
| children = Kumar Natarajan<ref>https://www.instagram.com/reel/DT9xYsOAmgp/</ref>
}}

'''Pyramid Natarajan''' is a former Indian [[actor]] and producer, who has appeared in character roles in [[Tamil cinema]]. He made his breakthrough as an actor playing a role in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Alai Payuthey]]'' (2000) playing Madhavan's father, before playing the antagonist in several films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tm1rVlmTbS8 |title=Video |website=www.youtube.com |access-date=2020-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/my-first-break/article3024009.ece|title=My first break|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 November 2007|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Natarajan was born in a village called Valuthoor near, Papanasam, [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]] and studied in Shaukathul Islam Balya Muslim Sangam Higher Elementary School in his boyhood and moved to [[Madras]] as a teenager, hoping to make a breakthrough into films. He was able to briefly join [[K. Balachander]]'s drama troupe, Ragini Recreations, and appear in productions before soon starting his own troupe and staging a play. Following a successful business proposal, Natarajan was able to take over as executive producer of [[Gemini Films]] and was able to learn the nuances of administration.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Scaling-heights-with-a-smile/article16137982.ece | title=Scaling heights with a smile | first=Malathi | last=Rangarajan | date=20 August 2010 | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref>

He joined hands with [[K.Balachander]] to nurture [[Kavithalayaa Productions]] as a joint production company.

In 1997 [[Pyramid Saimira|Pyramid Entertainment Limited]] was promoted by Mr. V. Natarajan. Before promoting the company, V. Natarajan had produced number of films. He had been involved in 55 films in various capacities such as executive director, Executive Producer and Producer. He is an executive committee member of various Trade Bodies like Tamil Film Producers Council & South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce. He is also a member of the government body formed to deal with film industry and also an advisory committee member on Film Taxation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEBI {{!}} Pyramid Saimira Theatre Limited |url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/filings/public-issues/dec-2006/pyramid-saimira-theatre-limited_11047.html |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=www.sebi.gov.in}}</ref>

He is currently running a hotel.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/v-natarajans-thanjavur-meal-delivery-service/article20643252.ece | title=Scaling the food pyramid|first=Chitra Deepa|last=Anantharam|date=22 November 2017|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref>

==Notable filmography==

===Actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
|rowspan="2"|1987 || ''[[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]]'' || || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Kavalan Avan Kovalan]]'' || Himself ||Credited as Kavithalayam Natarajan
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Varavu Nalla Uravu]]'' || Manager ||
|-
| 1991 ||''[[Sigaram]]'' || Himself ||
|-
|2000 || ''[[Alai Payuthey]]'' || Varadharajan ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|2001 || ''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]'' || Gautham's father ||
|-
| ''[[Vaanchinathan]]'' || Varadharajan ||
|-
| ''[[Samudhiram]]'' || Rasamani's father-in-law ||
|-
|rowspan="9"|2002 || ''[[Azhagi (2002 film)|Azhagi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Dhaya (film)|Dhaya]]'' || Judge Venkatraman ||
|-
| ''[[Charlie Chaplin (2002 film)|Charlie Chaplin]]'' || Susi's father ||
|-
| ''[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]'' || Pooja's father ||
|-
| ''[[Arputham]]'' || Ashok's father ||
|-
| ''[[Namma Veetu Kalyanam]]'' || Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Siva Rama Raju]]'' || Narendra Varma || Telugu film
|-
| ''[[Solla Marandha Kadhai]]'' || Chokkalingam ||
|-
| ''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'' || Minister ||
|-
|rowspan="9"|2003 || ''[[Priyamaina Neeku|Kaadhal Sugamaanathu]]'' || Ganesh's father ||
|-
| ''[[Inidhu Inidhu Kadhal Inidhu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aahaa Ethanai Azhagu]]'' || Natarajan ||
|-
| ''[[Naam (2003 film)|Naam]]'' || Selvendram ||
|-
| ''[[Ragasiyamai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anjaneya (film)|Anjaneya]]'' || Minister ||
|-
| ''[[Ottran]]'' || Kumarasamy ||
|-
| ''[[Kurumbu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Indru]]'' || Minister Oppilamani ||
|-
|rowspan="4"|2004 || ''[[Virumaandi]]'' || Vaidhyanathan ||
|-
| ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]'' || Newspaper editor ||
|-
| ''[[Azhagiya Theeye]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Neranja Manasu]]'' || RDO ||
|-
|rowspan="5"|2005 ||''[[Kannadi Pookal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ullam Ketkumae]]'' || Priya's father||
|-
| ''[[February 14 (film)|February 14]]'' || Pooja's grandfather ||
|-
| ''[[Padhavi Paduthum Paadu]]'' || Veerabhadran ||
|-
| ''[[Mazhai]]'' || Producer ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2006 || ''[[Kalvanin Kadhali (2006 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]]'' || Sathya's father ||
|-
| ''[[Thirupathi (2006 Tamil film)|Thirupathi]]'' || Minister ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2007 || ''[[Sivaji (film)|Sivaji]]'' || Sivaji's Lawyer ||
|-
|2013 || ''[[Naiyaandi]]'' || Sambandham ||
|-
|rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Naan Sigappu Manithan (2014 film)|Naan Sigappu Manithan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Modhal Oru Kadhal]]'' || Karthik's father ||
|-
| ''[[Ninaithathu Yaaro]]'' || ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Pulan Visaranai 2]]'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2017 || ''Pannam Pathinonnum Seyum'' || ||
|-
| ''Azhagana En Charupriya'' || ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Karumegangal Kalaigindrana]]'' || ||
|}

===Producer===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996 || ''[[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Enakkoru Magan Pirappan]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1997 || ''[[Ettupatti Rasa]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Pistha (1997 film)|Pistha]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998 || ''[[Ponmanam]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[En Aasai Rasave]]'' ||
|-
|1999 || ''[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]'' ||
|-
|2000 || ''[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]'' ||
|-
|2004 || ''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]'' ||
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1228414}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Natarajan, Pyramid}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1940 births]]

Amol Redij

2026-03-25T14:34:13Z

Pandit debotosh dey: put up the info and citations - done

{{Short description|Indian poet and writer (born 1977)}}
{{multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=December 2012}}
{{Notability|Biographies|date=December 2012}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Amol Redij
| image = Amol Redij.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|09|18}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], India
| occupation = Author, Poet
| language = English, Marathi, Hindi
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = Jaya N.
| website = {{URL|www.amolr.info}}
| genre = Poetry, fiction
| education = Bachelor of Engineering
| alma_mater = University of Pune
| awards = Author Achiever Award, Literoma Awards (2021)
}}
'''Amol Redij''' (born 18 September 1977) is author, poet, and creative content designer from [[Maharashtra]], India. He was awarded Literoma Author Achiever Award 2021.

== Education ==
Amol Redij grew up in Mumbai and went to St. Paul High School. He completed his schooling from Gokuldham High School (1984–1993) and higher secondary college from M. V & L. U. College (1993–1995). Later Amol went on to complete his Bachelor's in Engineering with Electronics from [[University of Pune]] in 1999. Amol holds several industry recognized certifications in Information Technology domains. He began his career as a Website Developer and has successfully emerged as an Information Design & Development expert.

== Personal life ==
Amol was born on 18 September 1977 in suburban area of [[Parel]], [[Bombay|Mumbai]]. He grew up in a middle class Maharashtrian family. His father worked as a textile mill worker with New China Mills in Sewri and his mother was a homemaker. Amol is maternal cousin of Rajesh Deshpande, a noted Marathi playwright and filmmaker.

==Literary Accomplishments==
Amol was awarded the '''Literoma Author Achiever Award in 2021''' for his contribution to poetry and creative writing.

Continuing his fervor for writing, Amol published his first collection of poetry '''''Silent Moments of Melancholy''''' in 2011. In 2014, his second book of poetry '''''69: The OtherWise Poetry''''' comprising 69 poems was published. After a long interlude, Amol's third collection of poetry, '''''"Acathexis: A Detached Void"''''' will be published in 2022.

Amol's poems have been published in several international magazines and forums. He is among the distinguished poets across the globe to be included in "Otherwise Engaged Literature and Arts Journal" in 2021. Amol also ranks in elite poets published in the "Dance of the Peacock", an Indo-English Poetry Anthology released by Hidden Brook Press, Canada. Amol's poetry has featured in "Creative Flight", and international online magazine. "Labarin", an African magazine published Amol's 5 poems that were critically acclaimed for its painstaking approach. His poems were published in "The Bruised Peach Press", a US-based literary magazine. His poem "Ecstasy" was published in the Jan 2013 edition of the magazine, "The Brooklyn Voice". Amol's poetry is regularly featured on "Destiny Poets", a UK based poetry forum.

Amol Redij is known to have made significant contribution in collaboratively shaping up the content for the book "Why You Must Know This Man?: The Life and Times of Amit Dutta-Gupta" from a creative and editorial perspective. Amol considers this as a remarkable oeuvre among his writing achievements.

To persuade his keen liking for film making, Amol has been involved in making short films with film enthusiast groups. He has supplemented his creative aspirations in film making by being an assistant director, production manager, and script supervisor for some of the award-winning short films. "Ardhaviram", a Marathi short film made in 2015 was his first film as an assistant director and production manager. The film won the Best Film award at the PCMC Film Festival and was an Official Selection at the Pune Short Film Festival. In 2016, Amol got involved in his second Marathi short film, "Return Gift", as an assistant director and Script Supervisor. The short film made it to the Official Selection for the Toronto International Short Film Festival and also won the Best Story award at the Goa Film Festival. He then worked principally as a Co-Script Writer and Dialog Writer for another film, "Dhuaa" in 2016, and as a Production Manager as well for the same film.

Amol has scripted a full-length Marathi play, "As Good As It Gets" in 2010.

==Bibliography ==

=== Poetry ===
* ''Silent Moments of Melancholy'' (2011)
* ''69: The OtherWise Poetry'' (2014)
* ''Acathexis: A Detached Void'' (2022)
* ''Otherwise Engaged Literature and Arts Journal'' (2021)
* ''Departure'' (Festival for Poetry, 2021)
* ''Life: A Summary'' (Creative Flight, 2019)
* ''The Almighty Kidnapper'' (Labarin, 2017)
* ''Sepia'' (Labarin, 2017)
* ''Victim'' (Labarin, 2017)
* ''Garland'' (Labarin, 2017)
* ''Ecstasy'' (The Brooklyn Voice, 2013)
* ''Home'' (Destiny Poets – UK, 2012)
* ''Bruised Memories'' (The Bruised Peach Press, 2011)

=== Fiction ===
* ''Headburst'' (2023)
* Sandcastle and Other Short Stories (2023)

=== Non-fiction ===
* ''Why You Must Know This Man?: The Life and Times of Amit Dutta-Gupta'' (2014)

== Films and related work ==
* Ardhaviram] (2015, assistant director, & production manager)
* Return Gift (2016, assistant director, & script supervisor)
* Dhuaa (2016, co-script writer, dialog writer, & production manager)
* As Good As It Gets (2010, Writer)

==External links==
* [https://amolr.medium.com/ Medium]
* [http://amolr.info/blog/ Blog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203094753/http://amolr.info/blog/ |date=3 December 2022 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130506051010/http://poetvjha.wordpress.com/2013/04/24/poets-to-be-featured-indo-english-poetry-anthology/ Featured poet in Indo-English Poetry Anthology to be published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190747/http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=48628 Review of 69" The OtherWise Poetry – May 2015]
* [https://archive.today/20130117153512/http://www.amolredij.com/2012/09/creative-writing-workshop-st-xaviers-goa.html Creative Writing & Poetry Workshop at St. Xavier's, Goa (2012)]
* [http://carenstarry.com/recently-read/ Caren White Review]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130120064918/http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=13481 Interview on Boloji]
* [http://www.merinews.com/article/an-interview-with-amol-redij-author-of-silent-moments-of-melancholy/15878465.shtml Interview on MeriNews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104221248/http://www.merinews.com/article/an-interview-with-amol-redij-author-of-silent-moments-of-melancholy/15878465.shtml |date=4 November 2016 }}
* [http://cupidspeaks.com/author-interview-amol-redij Interview on CupidSpeaks]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121105052639/http://www.chillibreeze.com/interviews/chillibreeze-interview-amol-redij.asp Interview on Chillibreeze]
* [http://www.indianruminations.com/contents/review/silent-moments-of-melancholy-an-anthology-of-poems-by-amol-redij-dr-shamenaz-uttar-pradesh/ Silent Moments of Melancholy Review – Dr. Shamenaz Shaikh]
* [https://archive.today/20130217213511/http://daywalker-dreambeats.blogspot.in/2011/07/silent-moments-of-melancholy-swallowing.html Silent Moments of Melancholy Review – DayWalker DreamBeats]
* [http://www.flipkart.com/silent-moments-melancholy-8192043312/product-reviews/ITMDFJYRRQGBRGD5?pid=9788192043319 Silent Moments of Melancholy Reviews – Flipkart]
* [http://priyankazneverland.blogspot.in/2012/02/book-review-silent-moments-of.html Silent Moments of Melancholy Review – Priyanka Dey]
* [https://archive.today/20130117093046/http://www.amolredij.com/2010/12/authors-day-at-wipro.html Author's Day Celebrations at Wipro Technologies, Pune]
* [https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NMN6aHIoh8s/S4Zjc6z64iI/AAAAAAAACxA/kELoUTeiETw/s1600-h/Amol+Redij+-+Hindustan+Times+-+Mumbai+Edition+-+12-Apr-2007.jpg Article in Hindustan Times (2007)]
* [https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_NMN6aHIoh8s/S4ZjaQ3D4eI/AAAAAAAACw4/up3bgsqbt5A/s1600-h/Amol+Redij+-+Hindustan+Times+-+Mumbai+Edition+-+09-Nov-2008.jpg Article in Hindustan Times (2008)]

==See also==
* [[List of Indian poets]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Redij, Amol}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]

Samastha

2026-03-25T09:42:40Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Added New Article

'''Samastha''' may refer to:

*[[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK faction)]], a scholarly body of EK Sunnis in Kerala, India
*[[Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (AP faction)]], a scholarly body of AP Sunnis in Kerala, India

{{disambiguation}}

The Pathway School

2026-03-25T07:30:33Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made some page v1

{{short description|High school in Manipur, India}}
{{Infobox school
| name = The Pathway School
| native_name = TPS
| logo =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto = Towards Greater Heights
| motto_translation =
| location = [[Rengkai]]
| city = [[Churachandpur]]
| state = [[Manipur]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.3411769|93.701828|format=dms|type:edu_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_name =
| former_name = 
| type = Private school
| religious_affiliation =
| established = 2015
| founders = Samuel J Khuma Joute & Rita Vanlalchhanhimi
| chairperson = Samuel J Khuma Joute
| closed = 
| school_board = BOSEM
| district = [[Churachandpur]]
| authority =
| oversight = 
| headmistress = Rita Vanlalchhanhimi
| head =
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades = 
| gender =
| age_range =
| enrollment =
| language = English
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Rural
| colors = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| classes_offered = Nursery to Class 10
| yearbook =
| affiliation = Board of Secondary Education Manipur (BOSEM)
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''The Pathway School''' (TPS) is a high school in [[Rengkai]], [[Churachandpur]], [[Manipur]].<ref>https://hmarram.com/institutions-of-hmarram/the-pathway-school-rengkai-manipur/</ref> It offers classes up to the 10th standard and is currently affiliated under the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UDISE code of Private Schools |url=https://manipureducation.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/5.-Private.pdf |website=Department of Education Manipur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Board of Secondary Education Manipur - HSLC Centre List 2025 |url=https://portals.bosem.in/files?category=NHFVcCtVN2FGeGQwVklNc2xqQmRLUT09&sys_name=ZEozY2FMa29ob0tUM1lUR3J5MWNTOHByWGR4MWdKMjVzZ2wzWkhYeUhQbnlwcWF1ei8zTnZ4Nlk4R0dqbmx3Qg%3D%3D&o_name=YXJnbFAzby9QYmZibm8wUGhUNUdNK29RLzd6QWl2UzRYdVErUTRXS0IyRT0%3D}}</ref> Its branch school in [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] was inaugurated by the Home Minister of Mizoram, [[K. Sapdanga]], in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister-in sikul thar a hawng (Minister inaugurates a new school) |url=https://vanglaini.org/tualchhung/111368?date=2024-03-04}}</ref>

== Location ==
The school is located in Nehru Marg, [[Rengkai]], [[Churachandpur]].<ref>https://www.virthli.in/2019/12/the-pathway-school-in-annual-meet-2019.html</ref> It is neighboured by the Evangelical College of Theology.

==Strength==
The school currently holds around 1200 students and 40 faculty members.

==Education system==
The school currently follows the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur (BOSEM).

==Branches==
*The Pathway School, [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]]

==See also==
* [[Rengkai]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Churachandpur district]]
[[Category:Schools in Manipur]]

Mundota Fort and Palace

2026-03-23T03:56:03Z

Pandit debotosh dey: stub.

{{one source|date=July 2013}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox building
|name= Mundota Fort and Palace
|image=RK 3457.CR.jpg
|image_caption=Renovations at Mundota Fort and Palace as of 1 April 2013
|pushpin_map = Rajasthan
|coordinates = {{coord|26.96|75.62|region:IN-RJ|display=inline}}
|location_town= Mundota and [[Jaipur]]
|location_country= {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
|completion_date= 1550 AD
|renovation_date= 2011-2013
|architectural_style = [[Rajput]] and [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] [[Architecture]]
}}

'''Mundota Fort and Palace''' are approximately 450-year-old heritage monuments and structures located in [[Mundota]], a small town in the hills of the [[Aravali Range]] in the state of [[Rajasthan]] in north-western India. Mundota was a Double Tazmi [[Jagir]] of the Nathawat clan of the Kachwaha dynasty, the rulers of [[Jaipur]].<ref name=autogenerated1>Mandawa, Devi Singh. Kachhawahon Ka Itihas. 2nd edition. Jodhpur: Rajasthani Granthagar, 2010. 15-17, 112-115, 166 . Print</ref>

The palace was built around 1550 by Jaswant Singh, a contemporary of the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]]. The fort predates the palace by at least a century.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Palaces in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jaipur district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jaipur district]]

Dalip Singh Saund

2026-03-18T22:53:16Z

Pandit debotosh dey: small added structure per sources

{{Short description|American politician (1899–1973)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dalip Singh Saund
| image = DS Saund.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, {{circa|1961}}
| state = [[California]]
| district = {{ushr|CA|29|r}}
| term_start = January 3, 1957
| term_end = January 3, 1963
| predecessor = [[John J. Phillips]]
| successor = [[Patrick M. Martin]] (redistricting)
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|9|20}}
| birth_place = Chhajulwadi, [[Amritsar district]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1973|4|22|1899|9|20}}
| death_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.
| resting_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| father =
| mother =
| spouse = Marian Kosa
| children =
| relatives = [[Daleep Singh]] (Great-grandnephew)
| education = [[University of the Punjab]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) [[University of California, Berkeley]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| citizenship = British India (1899–1947) India (1947–1949) United States (1949–1973)
| signature =
| native_name = ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੌਂਧ
| native_name_lang = pa
}}
'''Dalip Singh Saund''' ({{Langx|pa|ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਸੌਂਧ|Dalīp Siṅgh Saundh|label=}}; September 20, 1899 – April 22, 1973) was an Indian-born American farmer, lobbyist, [[judicial officer]], academic, and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician who served in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1957 to 1963. He was the first [[Sikhism in the United States|Sikh]], [[Punjabi Americans|Punjabi American]], [[Indian Americans|Indian American]], and first [[Asian Americans|Asian American]] elected to the [[United States Congress]]. As a resident of [[Westmoreland, California]], Saund represented {{ushr|CA|29}}, which at the time consisted of [[Imperial County, California|Imperial]] and [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]] counties.

Born in Chhajulwadi, [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]], Saund studied at [[Prince of Wales College]] and [[University of the Punjab]], where he was active in the [[Indian independence movement]]. In 1920, he immigrated to the United States to continue his studies at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], where he earned a [[Master of Arts]] and [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]]. After marrying and settling in California's [[Imperial Valley]] as a farmer, he continued his activism for Indian independence and established the Indian Association of America, lobbying for the eligibility of Indians for naturalization, which was permitted under the [[Luce–Celler Act]] of 1946. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1949.

As a long-time supporter of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], Saund became active in local Democratic Party politics, winning a local election for a [[justice of the peace]] in 1952. Despite the area's strong [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] tendency at the time, Saund was elected to an open seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1956. As a member of the [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs|House Committee on Foreign Affairs]], he was a critic of [[United States foreign policy in the Middle East]] and conducted a tour of Asia where he met with [[David Ben-Gurion]], [[Sukarno]], and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. He won election to three terms before he was hospitalized for a debilitating stroke in 1962 and defeated by Republican [[Patrick M. Martin]]. He died after a second stroke in 1973.

==Early life==
[[File:Dalip Singh Saund with family, Aneka Amerika 102 (1957), p15.jpg|thumb|Family portrait photograph of the Saund family in 1957]]
Dalip Singh Saund was born in Chhajulwadi, [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]], on September 20, 1899, to [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[Sikhs|Sikh]] parents Natha Singh and Jeoni Kaur. His father died when he was ten years old. He attended [[Govt. Gandhi Memorial Science College|Prince of Wales College]].{{sfn|Pradhan|1996|pp=240}}<ref name="article">{{cite news |last=Mackaye |first=Milton |date=August 2, 1958 |title=U.S. Congressman from Asia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_saturday-evening-post_1958-08-02_231_5 |work=[[The Saturday Evening Post]]}}</ref> Saund supported the [[Indian independence movement]] while studying at the [[University of the Punjab]]. In 1919, he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics from the University of Punjab.<ref name="life"/><ref name="life2">{{Cite news |title=SAUND, Dalip Singh (Judge) |work=[[United States House of Representatives]] |url=https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/21228 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824205335/https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/21228 |archive-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>

In 1920, Saund immigrated to the United States using money from his brother to study food preservation at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] and arrived on September 27.<ref name="life">{{Cite news |date=December 19, 2008 |title=Breaking Barriers: Congressman Dalip Singh Saund |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2008/12/19/breaking-barriers-congressman-dalip-singh-saund/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824204903/https://www.pewforum.org/2008/12/19/breaking-barriers-congressman-dalip-singh-saund/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref><ref name="life2"/>{{sfn|Pradhan|1996|pp=241}} He did not return to India until 1957.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 3, 1958 |title=Congressman Finds Indians Like U.S. |page=3 |work=[[The Olympian]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114444979/the-olympian/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211134010/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114444979/the-olympian/ |archive-date=December 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He graduated with a Master of Arts in 1922, and Ph.D. in 1924. He married Marian Z. Kosa, with whom he had three children, on July 21, 1928.<ref name="life2"/>{{sfn|Pradhan|1996|pp=241}}

Saund became a farmer in the [[Imperial Valley]] in 1925. His book ''My Mother India'', a response to [[Katherine Mayo]]'s ''[[Mother India (book)|Mother India]]'', was published by [[Stockton, California]]'s Sikh temple in 1930. He organized the Indian Association of America and served as its first president in 1942. He and the organization lobbied for legislation to allow Indians to be eligible for [[naturalization]]. The [[Luce–Celler Act]] was passed in 1946, and Saund gained American citizenship on December 16, 1949.{{sfn|Pradhan|1996|pp=241-242}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 24, 1973 |title=Dalip Saund, 73; Former Congressman |page=46 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57972204/the-los-angeles-times/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824204147/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57972204/the-los-angeles-times/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref name="life2"/>

==Career==
===Early politics===
Saund supported [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] during the [[1932 United States presidential election|1932 presidential election]]. He worked for Glen Killingsworth, the Justice of the Peace of [[Westmorland, California|Westmoreland]] in [[Imperial County, California|Imperial County]]. Saund was elected to the Imperial County Democratic Central Committee without opposition in 1950, with the aid of Killingsworth, who died shortly afterwards. He was later elected as head of the committee in 1954.<ref name="life2"/>{{sfn|Saund|1960}} He served as a delegate to the [[1952 Democratic National Convention|1952]], [[1956 Democratic National Convention|1956]], and [[1960 Democratic National Convention]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |title=SAUND, Dalip Singh (Judge) (1899-1973) |work=[[United States House of Representatives]] |url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=s000075 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824210919/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=s000075 |archive-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref>

Saund ran for Justice of the Peace in the 1950 election, but was not allowed to take the position as he had not been a U.S. citizen for long enough.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 11, 2012 |title=Dalip Singh Saund - First Asian in Congress |work=Clevland.com |url=https://www.cleveland.com/asian-indian-heritage-project/2012/05/dalip_singh_saund_-_first_asia.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824211450/https://www.cleveland.com/asian-indian-heritage-project/2012/05/dalip_singh_saund_-_first_asia.html |archive-date=August 24, 2020}}</ref> In 1951, Saund attempted to be appointed by the [[Imperial County, California|Imperial County]] Board of Supervisors, but they selected Frank Lyall instead. Saund defeated Lyall in the 1952 election to become Justice of the Peace of Westmoreland.<ref name="life"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 22, 1952 |title=Justice Race Decided |page=7 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57974429/the-los-angeles-times/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824205829/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57974429/the-los-angeles-times/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref name="article"/> He claimed to be the only native Indian holding office in the United States at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 22, 1952 |title=India-Born Man In Congress Bid |page=26 |work=[[Des Moines Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57974647/des-moines-tribune/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824210207/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57974647/des-moines-tribune/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

===United States House of Representatives===
====Elections====
[[File:Dalip Singh Saund.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Saund during his tenure in the [[United States House of Representatives]]]]
During the [[1956 United States House of Representatives elections|1956 election]], Saund ran to replace [[John R. Phillips (American politician)|John R. Phillips]], who was retiring, as the United States representative from {{ushr|CA|29}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 20, 1956 |title=Area Voters Face Loss of Judgeship |page=7 |work=The Pomona Progress Bulletin |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58604812/the-pomona-progress-bulletin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200903234119/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58604812/the-pomona-progress-bulletin/ |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> On April 16, a legal challenge was filed against Saund claiming that he had not been a U.S. citizen long enough to run in the election, but the challenge was dismissed by the [[California Courts of Appeal|4th District California Court of Appeal]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 17, 1956 |title=Judge's Status As Citizen Challenged |page=9 |work=[[Oakland Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58604922/oakland-tribune/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200903234129/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58604922/oakland-tribune/ |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 21, 1956 |title=Challenge of Judge Saund's Candidacy Taken to High Court |page=25 |work=[[The San Bernardino Sun]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58605187/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200903235106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58605187/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/ |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He won the Democratic nomination and later defeated Republican nominee [[Jacqueline Cochran]] in the general election despite [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] winning the area in the [[1956 United States presidential election in California|presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 6, 1956 |title=1956 Democratic primary |page=1 |work=The Pomona Progress Bulletin |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58605791/the-pomona-progress-bulletin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200903235500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58605791/the-pomona-progress-bulletin/ |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 15, 1958 |title=1956 election results |page=5 |work=[[United States House of Representatives]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58605791/the-pomona-progress-bulletin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724123849/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1956election.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2020}}</ref><ref name="article"/> He became the first and only [[Sikhs|Sikh]] elected to the [[United States Congress]] as well as the first [[Indian Americans|Indian]] and [[Asian Americans|Asian American]] elected to Congress.<ref name="life"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dalip Singh Saund Collection |work=[[South Asian American Digital Archive]] |url=https://www.saada.org/collection/dalip-singh-saund-collection |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200904000217/https://www.saada.org/collection/dalip-singh-saund-collection |archive-date=September 4, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

Saund defeated John Babbage, a former member of the [[California State Legislature]], in the [[1958 United States House of Representatives elections|1958 election]] and Charles H. Jameson in the [[1960 United States House of Representatives elections|1960 election]].{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1117}}{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1122}}<ref name="article"/> He won renomination against Rya E. Hiller during the [[1962 United States House of Representatives elections|1962 election]], despite being hospitalized for a stroke he had on May 1, but was defeated by Republican nominee [[Patrick M. Martin]] after being hospitalized at the [[Walter Reed National Military Medical Center|National Naval Medical Center]] for the entire campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 6, 1962 |title=Rep. Saund Wins Renomination |page=5 |work=[[Press-Telegram]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602226/press-telegram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214114358/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602226/press-telegram/ |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 10, 1962 |title=Secrecy Hides Saund Illness |page=6 |work=[[Napa Valley Register]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602235/the-napa-valley-register/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214114551/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602235/the-napa-valley-register/ |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 7, 1962 |title=Ailing Saund Loses Race |page=2 |work=[[Daily Times-Advocate]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602477/times-advocate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214120122/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602477/times-advocate/ |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1127}}

====Tenure====
Following his election to the United States House of Representatives, Saund stated that he wanted a seat on the House Interior Committee to make sure that his district received a fair share of the Colorado River's water.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 19, 1956 |title=Saund Seeks Appointment To House Interior Committee |page=1 |work=The Desert Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58607187/the-desert-sun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905153854/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58607187/the-desert-sun/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> In 1957, he was appointed to serve on a sub-committee in the [[United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 3, 1957 |title=Congressman Born in India to Visit There |page=7 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58694903/the-los-angeles-times/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905154605/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58694903/the-los-angeles-times/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

Saund stated during the 1956 election that he would travel to Asia if elected.{{sfn|Saund|1960}} He conducted a tour of multiple eastern Asian countries which included visits to [[Japan]], [[Taiwan]], [[British Hong Kong]], the [[History of the Philippines (1946–1965)|Philippines]], [[South Vietnam]], [[Indonesia]], [[Thailand]], [[Post-independence Burma, 1948–1962|Burma]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]] in 1957. He also visited [[Israel]], where he met with Prime Minister [[David Ben-Gurion]], on his way returning to the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 24, 1957 |title=Representative Will Tour Asia |page=12 |work=Appeal-Democrat |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695607/appeal-democrat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905160339/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695607/appeal-democrat/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 27, 1957 |title=Saund Visits Israel Chief |page=5 |work=Independent |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695563/independent/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905160510/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695563/independent/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> In Indonesia he met with President [[Sukarno]] and in India he met with Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 14, 1957 |title=Saund In Indonesia |page=2 |work=Daily Independent Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58696109/daily-independent-journal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905160910/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58696109/daily-independent-journal/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 26, 1957 |title=Saund, Family Arrive In India For 3 Week Visit |page=29 |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58696114/the-sacramento-bee/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905161042/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58696114/the-sacramento-bee/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Singh voted in favor of both the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42|title=HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.}}</ref> and the [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h106|title=HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE'S AMENDMENTS.}}</ref>

==Death==
Saund was moved to be hospitalized at [[UCLA Medical Center]] in January 1963 following the earlier stroke he had suffered in May 1962 while flying to Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 13, 1963 |title=Saund Moved to UCLA |page=6 |work=[[The San Bernardino Sun]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602690/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214121617/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114602690/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/ |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He died on April 22, 1973, following a second stroke in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], California.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 24, 1973 |title=Ex-lawmaker dies |page=9 |work=[[Star Tribune|The Minneapolis Star]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57972308/the-minneapolis-star/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824203319/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57972308/the-minneapolis-star/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Twenty-four members of the United States House of Representatives paid tribute to Saund on the House [[Floor (legislative)|floor]] and a memorial service was held.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 19, 1973 |title=Veysey Issues Saund Tribute |page=5 |work=[[The Desert Sun]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57972734/the-desert-sun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200824203907/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57972734/the-desert-sun/ |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

==Political positions==
In 1957, Saund criticized the United States for its policy of "buying kings and protecting oil" in the Middle East while ignoring the people. He stated that the British had done a similar policy in India and were "tossed out of India". He stated that the same thing would happen to the United States if it continued the policy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 23, 1957 |title=US Congressman Warns Of Stakes In Red Cold War |page=11 |work=Appeal-Democrat |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695129/appeal-democrat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905155138/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695129/appeal-democrat/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He praised President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] for his stand against the United Kingdom, France, and Israel during the [[Suez Crisis]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 2, 1957 |title=Saund Lauds Eisenhower on Suez Stand |page=87 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58696359/the-los-angeles-times/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905161346/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58696359/the-los-angeles-times/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He criticized the [[United States Department of State]] for giving a more elaborate welcome to Queen [[Elizabeth II]] than any Asian leader.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 29, 1957 |title=Greater U.S. Courtesy To Asians Urged |page=2 |work=Daily Independent Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695114/daily-independent-journal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200905155343/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58695114/daily-independent-journal/ |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He defended the United States during the [[Little Rock Crisis]] while on tour in Japan stating that in "thirty-five out of the forty-eight states of the Union there was no discrimination against Negroes in schools or public places".{{sfn|Saund|1960}}

==Electoral history==
{{Election box begin|title = 1956 United States House of Representatives California's 29th congressional district election{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1112}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = Dalip Singh Saund
|votes = 54,989
|percentage = 51.55%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Jacqueline Cochran]]
|votes = 51,690
|percentage = 48.45%
|change =
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 106,679
|percentage = 100.00%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin|title = 1958 United States House of Representatives California's 29th congressional district election{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1117}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = Dalip Singh Saund (incumbent)
|votes = 64,518
|percentage = 62.39%
|change = +10.84%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = John Babbage
|votes = 38,899
|percentage = 37.61%
|change = -10.84%
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 103,417
|percentage = 100.00%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin|title = 1960 United States House of Representatives California's 29th congressional district election{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1122}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = Dalip Singh Saund (incumbent)
|votes = 76,139
|percentage = 57.05%
|change = -5.34%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = Charles H. Jameson
|votes = 57,319
|percentage = 42.95%
|change = +5.34%
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 133,458
|percentage = 100.00%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin|title = 1962 United States House of Representatives California's 38th congressional district election{{sfn|Moore|Preimesberger|Tarr|2001|pp=1127}}}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Patrick M. Martin]]
|votes = 68,583
|percentage = 55.94%
|change = +12.99%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = Dalip Singh Saund (incumbent)
|votes = 54,022
|percentage = 44.06%
|change = -12.99%
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 122,605
|percentage = 100.00%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress]]
*[[List of Asian American jurists]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Works cited==
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Moore |editor-first1=John |editor-last2=Preimesberger |editor-first2=Jon |editor-last3=Tarr |editor-first3=David |title=Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections |publisher=[[Congressional Quarterly]] |year=2001 |isbn=1568026021 |url=https://archive.org/details/congressionalqua0002unse |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Pradhan |first=Sachin |title=India in the United States: Contributions of Indian & Indians in the United States of America |publisher=SP Press International |date=1996 |url=https://archive.org/details/indiainunitedsta0000prad |isbn=0961712910}}
* {{cite book|last=Saund |first=Dalip |title=Congressman From India |publisher=[[E. P. Dutton]] |date=1960}}

==External links==
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/collection/dalip-singh-saund Dalip Singh Saund materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
* {{Find a Grave|7926672|Dalip Singh Saund}}
* [http://www.saund.org/dalipsaund/ The Dalip Singh Saund web site from the family archives]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{US House succession box
|state = California
|district = 29
|before = [[John J. Phillips]]
|after = [[George Brown Jr.]]
|years = 1957–1963}}
{{s-end}}

{{Portal bar|United States|Politics|Biography|Punjab}}

{{United States representatives from California 11-30}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saund, Dalip Singh}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:American Sikhs]]
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:California politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Indian-American history]]
[[Category:Members of the United States Congress of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Democratic Party United States representatives from California]]
[[Category:United States representatives of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:People from Imperial County, California]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:American justices of the peace]]
[[Category:Ramgarhia people]]
[[Category:20th-century American judges]]
[[Category:20th-century United States representatives]]
[[Category:American people of Punjabi descent]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:Emigrants from British India to the United States]]

Thane

2026-03-17T10:01:59Z

Pandit debotosh dey: cleanup

{{About||the district|Thane district|the taluka|Thane taluka|the medieval title|thegn|other uses|}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{original research|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement 
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/1/1
| image4 = Eastern Express Highway by night in Thane.jpg
| image2 =
| image3 = Upvan in Morning Vertical.jpg
| image1 = Hiranandaniestate.jpg
| image5 = Talao Pali, Thane.jpg
}}
| image_caption = '''From top, left to right''': [[Hiranandani Estate]]; [[Upvan Lake]], Eastern express highway; Talao Pali
| image_shield =
| nickname = City of Lakes
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map = Mumbai#India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19|11|50|N|72|58|20|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 9th century A.D
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = *[[Thane Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Sharmila Pimpolkar-Gaikwad<ref name="mayor">{{cite web |title=Thane Mayor: ठाण्यात ५ वर्षात होणार ४ महापौर; सव्वा वर्षाचा फॉर्म्युला निश्चित, पहिला मान कुणाला मिळाला? | trans-title=Thane Mayor: There will be 4 mayors in Thane in 5 years; Formula of one and a half years fixed, who got the first honor? |website=Lokmat | date=30 January 2026 | url=https://www.lokmat.com/thane/eknath-shinde-shiv-sena-sharmila-pimpolkar-elected-as-thane-mayor-bjp-krishna-patil-elected-as-deputy-mayor-unopposed-a-a629/ | language=mr | access-date=31 January 2026}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Krishna Patil<ref name="mayor"/>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 147
| area_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|15th]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 7
| population_total = 2,537,000
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_density_km2 = 17,258
| population_rank = 15
| population_demonym = Thanekar
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 400601—15
| area_code = 022
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = MH-04 (Thane City) 
MH-05 (Kalyan) MH-43 (Navi Mumbai)
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2017–18)}}
| blank_info_sec2 = 91.36%
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Thane (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thane]] [[Kalyan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalyan]] [[Bhiwandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwandi]]
| website = {{URL|thanecity.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = Saurabh Rao, [[Indian Administrative Services|IAS]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Thane (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Thane]] [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kopri-Pachpakhadi]] [[Ovala-Majiwada Assembly constituency|Ovala-Majiwada]] [[Mumbra-Kalwa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mumbra-Kalwa]]
| official_name = Thane
| image_map =
| shield_size =
| area_metro_km2 =
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
}}
'''Thane''' ({{IPA|mr|ˈʈʰaːɳeː|lang}}; known as '''Thana''' [[List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra|until 1996]]) is a city in western [[India]], in the state of [[Maharashtra]]. It neighbours [[Mumbai]] and is part of the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. It is situated in the north-east of [[Salsette Island]].

Thane serves as the headquarters of the [[Thane district]] and is located inside [[Thane taluka]]. It is the 15th most populous city in India, with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Profile {{!}} Thane District, Govt. of Maharashtra {{!}} India|url=https://thane.nic.in/district-profile-new/|access-date=2021-01-22|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Etymology and other names ==
The ancient name of Thana was {{IAST|Śrīsthāna}}. It appears as {{transliteration|hi|Thāna}} in early medieval Arab sources.<ref>{{citation |last=Verdon |first=Noémie |title=Negotiating Cultural Identity: Landscapes in Early Medieval South Asian History |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgXgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |page=38 |year=2015 |editor=Himanshu Prabha Ray |chapter=Conceptualisation of ''al-Hind'' by Arabic and Persian writers |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-34130-7}}</ref>

The name Thane has been variously romanised as ''Tana'',<ref>{{citation |contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaqWAEry-wkC&pg=PA68 |contribution=Bd Thomas of Tolentino |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OaqWAEry-wkC&pg=PA68 68] |title=Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaqWAEry-wkC |editor2=Peter Doyle |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Alban |date=c. 1756|publisher=A&C Black |isbn=9780860122531 }}.</ref> ''Thana'',<ref>{{citation |last=Habig |first=Marion Alphonse |title=The Franciscan Book of Saints |date=1979 |publisher=Franciscan Herald Press}}, cited in {{citation |contribution-url=https://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/thomas-of-tolentino-and-companions.html |contribution=Thomas of Tolentino and Companions |title=Roman Catholic Saints |access-date=9 November 2016}}.</ref> ''Thâṇâ'',<ref>{{citation |last=Cunha |first=J. Gerson da |title=Notes on the History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOPlusO8qcAC |location=Bombay |date=1876 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xOPlusO8qcAC&pg=PA174 174]|isbn=9788120608450 }}.</ref> and ''Thame''.<ref>{{citation |contribution-url=https://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=2310 |contribution=Bl. Thomas of Tolentino |title=Catholic Online}}.</ref> [[Ibn Battuta]] and [[Abulfeda]] knew it as ''Kukin{{nbsp}}Tana'', while [[Duarte Barbosa]] knew it as ''Tana{{nbsp}}Mayambu''.<ref>{{harvp|Cunha|1876|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xOPlusO8qcAC&pg=PA16 16]}}.</ref> Before [[Renaming of cities in India|1996]], the city was called ''Thana'', the British spelling of the city.

== History ==

Thane emerged as an urban area during the reign of the [[Shilahara dynasty]], which ruled north Konkan during 800-1265 CE.<ref name="MT_2016"/> It was variously known as ''Srī-sthānaka'', ''Sthānaka'', or ''Srī-sthāna''. The 1053 CE [[Chinchani]] inscription of Vija-''ranaka'' of the Modha family states that [[brahmin|brahmanas]] from Srī-sthāna settled at Samyana in his territory.<ref>{{cite book |author=Malati Mahajan |title=A Cultural History of Maharashtra and Goa: From Place Name Inscriptions |year=1989 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan |isbn=9788185067230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=udgyAAAAIAAJ |pages=64, 162}}</ref> A 1094 CE Shilahara inscription refers to Srī-sthānaka as a ''velakula'', that is, a harbour that was an important centre for import and export.<ref>{{cite book |author=Himanshu Prabha Ray |chapter=Contested Sea Spaces: Of Piracy and Sea Battles Along the West Coast of India |title=Bridging the Gulf |year=2016 |publisher=India International Centre |isbn=9789350981436 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xqfeAQAACAAJ |page=134 }}</ref>

Thane is mentioned in the ''[[Mahikavatichi Bakhar]]'', a 15th-17th century [[Marathi language]] historical chronicle of doubtful accuracy. According to the text, Prince Pratap Bimb, the brother of [[Champaner]]'s king Govardhan Bimb, established a new kingdom by conquering territories in the Konkan region. In the 12th century, his general Balkrishn-rao Somvanshi captured Thane from the Shilahara king Yashwant-rao, and went on to conquer the surrounding territories. In the 13th century, Nagar-shah - the ruler of Ghandivi ([[Gandevi]]) - captured the area. His relatives demanded control of three villages - [[Malad]], [[Marol]] and Thane - as a reward for their good performance in this military campaign. When Nagar-shah refused their demand, they allied with the imperial [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadavas of Devagiri]]. The area subsequently came under the control of the Yadava prince [[Bhima of Mahikavati|Bimb-dev]], before Nagarshah regained control of it as a vassal of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. Subsequently, the area was successively ruled by some local families, the [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarids of Gujarat]], and the [[History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534 - 1661)|Portuguese]].<ref name="MT_2016">{{cite journal |author=Mayur Thakare |title=The Witness of Ages: Archaeology of the Madh Island and Versova, Mumbai Suburban District |journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology |volume=4 |year=2016 |pages= 547–551, 563-567 |url=https://www.heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume4/36.pdf }}</ref>

The Thane area was contested between the Portuguese, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] and the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]] in the 17th century, with [[Shivaji]] capturing it from the Mughals in 1675.<ref>{{cite book |author=Arun Kumar Sharma |title=Heritage of Tansa Valley |year=2004 |publisher=Bharatiya Kala Prakashan |isbn=9788180900297 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDluAAAAMAAJ |page=46 }}</ref> Later, the Portuguese regained control of Thane, and started building a fort there in 1734, but the Marathas captured it in 1737.<ref name="MT_2016"/> [[The East India Company]] occupied [[Salsette Island]], Thana Fort, [[Madh Fort|Fort Versova]] and the island fort of Karanja at the start of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]]. After a short period of time, the island was recaptured by the forces of [[Hari Pant|Haripant Phadke]] and [[Tukoji Rao Holkar|Tukoji Holkar]]. After the signing of the [[Treaty of Salbai]] (1782), both Thana Fort and the island of Salsette were under the control of the British.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sardesai |first1=Govind |title=New History of the Marathas Volume III |date=1915 |publisher=Phoenix Publications |page=119}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Thana district Places of Interest 1896 map.jpg|thumb|Thane district: places of Interest (1896 map)]]

=== Climate ===
Thane has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] that borders on a [[tropical wet and dry climate]]. The overall climate is stable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures.

Temperature in Thane varies from 22 °C to 36 °C, with winter temperatures as low as 12 °C at night, and summer temperatures reaching 40 °C at noon. Lowest daytime temperatures are typically during the summer monsoon peak in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to 25 °C. Around 80% of the total annual rainfall is concentrated in June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone.

{{Weather box
| location = Thane (1991-2020)
| single line = yes
| metric first = yes
|Jan record high C = 36.8
|Feb record high C = 40.7
|Mar record high C = 42.4
|Apr record high C = 43.2
|May record high C = 39.3
|Jun record high C = 38.2
|Jul record high C = 34.7
|Aug record high C = 33.3
|Sep record high C = 33.8
|Oct record high C = 37.8
|Nov record high C = 37.0
|Dec record high C = 36.2
|Jan record low C = 12.7
|Feb record low C = 11.6
|Mar record low C = 18.2
|Apr record low C = 20.0
|May record low C = 22.8
|Jun record low C = 20.2
|Jul record low C = 21.3
|Aug record low C = 21.8
|Sep record low C = 19.8
|Oct record low C = 19.6
|Nov record low C = 17.0
|Dec record low C = 15.0
| Jan high C = 32.5
| Feb high C = 33.9
| Mar high C = 35.1
| Apr high C = 36.1
| May high C = 35.0
| Jun high C = 33.5
| Jul high C = 31.2
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 31.1
| Oct high C = 34.0
| Nov high C = 34.1
| Dec high C = 33.4
| year high C = 33.5
| Jan low C = 20.0
| Feb low C = 20.6
| Mar low C = 22.1
| Apr low C = 24.3
| May low C = 25.3
| Jun low C = 23.6
| Jul low C = 25.0
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 24.2
| Nov low C = 22.6
| Dec low C = 21.1
| year low C = 23.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm= 3.1
| Feb precipitation mm= 1.0
| Mar precipitation mm= 1.5
| Apr precipitation mm= 2.3
| May precipitation mm= 25.1
| Jun precipitation mm= 541.3
| Jul precipitation mm= 922.0
| Aug precipitation mm= 539.7
| Sep precipitation mm= 326.9
| Oct precipitation mm= 93.2
| Nov precipitation mm= 19.1
| Dec precipitation mm= 2.3
| year precipitation mm= 2477.5
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>
| source 2 = [http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thane/Climate-%20table.html Government of Maharashtra] (precipitation)
| date= June 2012
}}Thane has been ranked 12th best "National Clean Air City" (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to the Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 results.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}</ref>

=== Lakes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No. !! Name !! Image !! Details !! Coordinates !! Area (in hectares)
|-
| 1
| Ambe Ghosale Lake
|
| At Meenatai Thakare Chowk, Castle Mill Naka (Opposite Desai Bunglow) in Uthalsar Ward committee
| {{coord|19.2050793|72.9752154}}
| 2.77
|-
| 2
| Brahamala Lake
|
| Near Babubhai Petrol Pump in Uthalsar Ward Committee
| {{coord|19.2027567|72.9709916}}
| 0.5173
|-
|3
|Burbank Lake
|
|Inside Hiranandani Estate, between Park Avenue and Wood Street. To the west of it is Lake Enclave.
| {{coord|19.2599707|72.9811942}}
|0.5857
|-
| 4
| Datiwali Lake
|
| East side of Diva station situated in the marshland of Ulhas river in Mumbra Ward Committee Area
| {{coord|19.1839962|73.0519473}}
| 0.77
|-
| 5
| Dawala Lake
|
| At Ovala in Majiwada-Manpada Prabhag Samiti
| 
| 1.136
|-
| 6
| Desai Lake
|
| On westside of [[Ulhas River|Ulhas river]], in Desai village in Mumbra Ward Committee
| {{coord|19.1641232|73.0694575}}
| 1.75
|-
| 7
| Devasar Lake
|
| At the end of Bhayanderpada at foothills of [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]] in Majiwada-Manpada Ward Committee
| 
| 0.516
|-
| 8
| Diaghar Lake
|
| At the outskirts of Diaghar village in Mumbra Ward Committee
| {{coord|19.1379237|73.051289}}
| 0.363
|-
| 9
| Diva Lake
|
| Situated just outside Diva station in Mumbra Ward Committee
| 
| 0.405
|-
| 10
| Gokul Nagar Lake
|
| It is a small lake situated in the heart of the city in the midst of Gokulnagar slums in Uthalsar Ward Committee
| {{coord|19.2089166|72.9761032}}
| 0.325
|-
| 11
| Hariyali Lake
|
| Near [[Thane railway station|Thane Railway Station]] in Kopari Ward Committee
| {{coord|19.1857429|72.9733627}}
| 0.7939
|-
| 12
| Jail Lake
|
| Opp. Post Office beside Jail Water Tank in Uthalsar Ward committee
| {{coord|19.1997839|72.9762712}}
| 1.43
|-
| 13
| Jogila Lake
|
| Near Uthalsar Ward office
| 
| approx 0.1
|-
| 14
| Kacharali Lake
|
| Opp. TMC Head Office in Naupada Ward Committee
| {{coord|19.196585|72.96397553}}
| 2
|-
| 15
| Kalwa Lake
|
| Kalwa Ward office. Located close to railway station
| 
| 2
|-
| 16
| Kasar-Wadavali Lake
|
| Majivada, Manpada Ward office
| {{coord|19.2715869|72.9697747}}
| 4.5173
|-
| 17
| Kausa Lake
|
| Mumbra Ward office, Kausa
| {{coord|19.1655582|73.0266244}}
| 1.5173
|-
| 18
| Kavesar Lake
|
| Situated at Waghbill road
| 
| 2.1746
|-
| 19
| Khardi Lake
|
| The lake is situated in premises of khardipada, Shil
| 
| approx. 1.15
|-
| 20
| Kharegaon Lake
|
| Kalwa Ward office
| 
| 0.7377
|-
| 21
| Khidkali Lake
|
| Mumbra Ward office Khidkali Lake is situated on the eastern side of the Thane creek near the Shil phata
| 
| 1.7
|-
| 22
| Kolbad Lake
|
| Uthalsar Ward office
| {{coord|19.2050383|72.9705398}}
| 1
|-
| 23
| Kolshet Lake
|
| Manpada Ward office
| {{coord|19.2382826|72.9877929}}
| 1
|-
| 24
| Makhamali Talav
|
| Uthalsar Ward office
| {{coord|19.1985078|72.9670846}}
| 1
|-
| 25
| [[Masunda Lake]] (Talao Pali)
| [[File:Masunda Lake in Thane.jpg|100px]]
| Masunda Lake (also known as Talao Pali) is located on West of Thane, in the heart of Thane city. The lake is surrounded by important historic places like Gadkari Rangayatan, St. John church, Kopineshwar temple and Jambli market. There is a Mahadev Dhyan Mandir at the centre of the lake and also a statue of Shivaji Maharaj near the lake.
| {{coord|19.193|72.974}}
| 7.2
|-
| 26
| Naar Lake
|
| Naar Lake is situated on outskirts of Thane along the Ghodbunder road
| 
| 0.7550
|-
| 27
| Phadakepada Lake
|
| Mumbra Ward office
| {{coord|19.1577508|73.0362564}}
| 1.71
|-
| 28
| [[Railadevi Lake]]
|
| Railadevi Ward office
| {{coord|19.1893|72.9571}}
| 8
|-
| 29
| Rewale Lake
|
| Majivada-manpada Ward office
| {{coord|19.2188281|72.9788438}}
| 0.5173
|-
| 30
| Shill Lake
|
| Mumbra Ward office
| 
| 6
|-
| 31
| Shivaji Nagar, Balkumb Lake
|
| The lake is situated along old agra road next to water supply line in Balkum area
| 
| 0.2247
|-
| 32
| Siddheshwar Lake
|
| Uthalsar Ward office
| {{coord|19.2013031|72.9641928}}
| 3
|-
| 33
| [[Upvan Lake]]
| [[File:Upvan in Morning.jpg|100px]]
| Lake is located at the foothills of [[Yeoor]]. A statue of Lord Shiva is situated in the middle of the lake. A Ganesh temple is situated near lake.
| {{coord|19.2213999|72.9549703}}
| 6
|-
| colspan="6" | '''Reference:'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thanecity.gov.in/page.php?id=22 |title=Thane Municipal Corporation | Lakes in Thane City |access-date=18 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119053647/http://thanecity.gov.in/page.php?id=22 |archive-date=19 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Municipal finance ==

According to financial data published on the CityFinance Portal of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |title=Thane Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/thane |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> the Thane Municipal Corporation reported total revenue receipts of ₹2,867 crore (US$345 million) and total expenditure of ₹2,462 crore (US$296 million) in 2022–23. Tax revenue accounted for about 67.3% of the total revenue, while the corporation received ₹84 crore in grants during the financial year.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Thane (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-16 Population By Religion: Maharashtra|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in|date=2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Maharashtra|Hinduism]]|darkorange|73.91}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Maharashtra|Islam]]|green|17.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi Buddhists|Buddhism]]|blue|4.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Maharashtra|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.88}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Maharashtra|Jainism]]|pink|1.40}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.67}}
}}

{{Historical population
| source = [[Government of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Tables |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>
|1901 | 16011
|1911 | 15591
|1921 | 22639
|1931 | 21816
|1941 | 29751
|1951 | 74310
|1961 | 109215
|1971 | 207352
|1981 | 431667
|1991 | 803389
|2001 | 1262551
|2011 | 1841488
|align = left
}}

The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941 people.<ref>[http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=27&district_code=21 Census of India: Sub-District Details] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155725/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=27&district_code=21 |date=21 July 2011 }}. Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref> The literacy percentage is 91.36%, with male literacy at 94.19% and female literacy at 88.14%.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} The [[sex ratio]] of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per India's 2011 census. Children account for 10.24% of the total population of Thane.

The primary language spoken in Thane is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the [[Bombay East Indians|East Indian]] families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]].<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/population_christians.html#4 Thane Gazetteer: Population: Christians – Speech] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110033730/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Thane-I/population_christians.html#4 |date=10 November 2010 }}. Maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 [[Jews]] live in Thane.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/At-1800-Thane-has-most-number-of-Jews-in-India/articleshow/24411496.cms |title=Jew in Thane |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 October 2013 |access-date=25 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223231846/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thane/At-1800-Thane-has-most-number-of-Jews-in-India/articleshow/24411496.cms |archive-date=23 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Thane (2011)<ref name="Language"/>
|label1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value1 = 48.50 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 19.59 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 12.99 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |value4 = 3.93 |color4 = skyblue
|label5 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value5 = 2.44 |color5 = gold
|label6 = [[Kannada]] |value6 = 1.37 |color6 = darkslateblue
|label7 = [[Malayalam]] |value7 = 1.29 |color7 = cornflowerblue
|label8 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value8 = 1.21 |color8 = orchid
|label9 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value9 = 1.15 |color9 = royalblue
|label10 = [[Marwari language|Marwari]] |value10 = 1.14 |color10 = maroon
|label11 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value11 = 0.94 |color11 = salmon
|label12 = Others |value12 = 5.45 |color12 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 19.59% [[Hindi]], 12.99% [[Urdu]], 3.93% [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], 2.44% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 1.37% [[Kannada]], 1.29% [[Malayalam]], 1.21% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 1.15% [[Tamil language|Tamil]], 1.14% [[Marwari language|Marwari]] and 0.94% [[Konkani language|Konkani]] as their first language.<ref name="Language">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10253/download/13365/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2700.XLSX |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Sports ==
Cricket is the most popular sport in Thane. Thane is under the jurisdiction of the [[Mumbai Cricket Association]], the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the [[Mumbai cricket team]] in Indian domestic cricket.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 February 2023 |title=महिला आयपीएल लिलावा ठाण्यात. |trans-title=Women's Premier League auction in Thane. |pages=10 |work=[[Lokmat]] |url=http://epaper.lokmat.com/articlepage.php?articleid=LOK_JLLK_20230202_12_11 |access-date=2 February 2022}}</ref>

== Transport ==

=== Railways ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = Thane railway viaducts
| image1 = Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct (12671597053).jpg
| image2 = Tanna Railway Viaduct (9142699593).jpg
| footer = The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.
}}

[[Thane railway station|Thana]] was the terminus for the first ever [[passenger train]] in [[Asia]]. On 16 April 1853, the [[passenger train]] service was inaugurated between [[Bori Bunder railway station|Bori Bunder]] (Bombay) and Thane.<ref>Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural and Political encyclopedia By Melvin Eugene Page, Penny M. Sonnenburg, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&q=colonialism:+An+International,+Social,+Cultural+and+Political page 135] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707074701/http://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=colonialism:+An+International,+Social,+Cultural+and+Political |date=7 July 2014 }}</ref> Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: ''Sahib'', ''Sindh'' and ''Sultan''. The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854.

Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through the [[Central Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Central]] and [[Trans-Harbour Line (Mumbai Suburban Railway)|Trans-Harbour Line]] [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|Suburban]] railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-[[Vashi]] & [[Panvel]] Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in [[India]] and handles 654,000 passengers daily.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Thane-is-busiest-railway-station-in-Mumbai/articleshow/20129363.cms Thane is busiest railway station in Mumbai – Times Of India] . Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (19 May 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/3-city-stations-among-dirtiest-in-the-country/articleshow/64278913.cms|title=Kalyan, Kurla and Thane among the 10 dirtiest stations in the country|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230234913/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/cover-story/3-city-stations-among-dirtiest-in-the-country/articleshow/64278913.cms|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Metro===
As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : [[Line 4 (Mumbai Metro)|4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh)]], [[Line 10 (Mumbai Metro)|10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar)]] and [[Line 11 (Mumbai Metro)|11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT)]] at one stop. This depot is proposed to be at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elevated Metro depot in Thane for 3 lines to cost Rs 596.60 crore|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/elevated-metro-depot-in-thane-for-3-lines-to-cost-rs-59660-crore|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref>

On 26 August 2015, the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority|MMRDA]] sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km [[Mumbai Metro|Mumbai metro]] network. This includes a 40-km [[Wadala]]-[[Ghatkopar]]-Thane-Kasarvadavali [[Line 4 (Mumbai Metro)|Metro-4]] corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mmrda-sanctions-rs-35-400-cr-for-118-km-mumbai-metro-network-115082601240_1.html |title=MMRDA sanctions Rs 35,400 cr for 118 km Mumbai metro network |first=B. S. |last=Reporter |date=26 August 2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828002553/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mmrda-sanctions-rs-35-400-cr-for-118-km-mumbai-metro-network-115082601240_1.html |archive-date=28 August 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

As of 2019, a metro line is being built between [[Wadala]] and Thane.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/soon-take-a-metro-from-south-mumbai-to-thane/story-qUhQAIQapVPKrukjMp3h7N.html Soon, take a metro from south Mumbai to Thane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430164802/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Soon-take-a-metro-from-south-Mumbai-to-Thane/Article1-1048837.aspx|date=30 April 2013}}. Hindustan Times (23 April 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref>

On 16 August 2024, the [[Government of India|Union Government]] gave its approval for [[Thane Metro]], a 29 km ring metro project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maha Metro |url=https://www.mahametro.org/thane_metro.html |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=www.mahametro.org}}</ref> It will have 22 stations, and is expected to open in 2029. The project will be executed by [[Maha Metro]].

=== Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) ===
{{main|Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)}}
Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others.<ref name="thanemahapalika.com">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081113151922/http://www.thanemahapalika.com/english/transport.html]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Number of —
! Details
|-
| Buses || 299
|-
| Routes || 45
|-
| Depots ||
# Anand Nagar ([[State Highway 42 (Maharashtra)|Ghodbunder Road]])
# [[Kalwa, Thane|Kalwa]] Depot
# [[Kolshet]] Depot (proposed)
# Mulla Bagh Depot
# [[Wagle Estate]] Depot
|-
| Bus stands || 8
|-
| Bus stops || 874<ref name="thanemahapalika.com"/>
|-
| km travelled per day || 63,135
|-
| Daily bus trips || 7,114
|-
| Daily passengers || 280,017
|-
| Daily income || [[Indian rupee|₹]]1,388,547/-
|-
| km travelled per day per bus || 211
|-
| Employees || 2,558<ref name="thanemahapalika.com"/>
|}

==== Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) ====
{{Main|Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport}}

[[Image:Nmmtabc.jpg|thumb|NMMT Buses]]

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel), as well as to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli).

==== Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) ====
{{Main|Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport}}

[[Image:Buses of Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport.jpg|thumb|MBMT Buses]]

'''Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport''' (MBMT) started in 2006. The buses start from [[Dahisar]] Check naka towards [[Versova, Mumbai|Versova]] [Thane] Check naka. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010.

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid black;"
! style="background:gold; width:110px;"| Route
! style="background:gold; width:65px;"| Route No
! style="background:gold; width:250px;"| Starting
! style="background:gold; width:200px;"| Destination (Thane)
! style="background:gold;"| Route Description
|-
| valign="top" | Ordinary
| style="text-align:center;"| 7
| valign="top" | Bhayander Railway Station (West)
| valign="top" | Ghodbunder Village
| valign="top" | Kashimira<ref>[http://mira-road.com/1_14_Mbmt.html Know your Town Better] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309083921/http://www.mira-road.com/1_14_Mbmt.html |date=9 March 2010 }}. Mira-Road.com.</ref>
|-
| valign="top" | Limited
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff; color:#f00;"| 10 LTD
| valign="top" | Bhayander Railway Station (West)
| valign="top" | Thane Railway Station (East)
| valign="top" | Ghodbunder Road
|-
| valign="top" | Ordinary
| style="text-align:center;"| 29
| valign="top" | Mira Road Railway Station
| valign="top" | Marathon Chowk (Teen Haath Naka)
| valign="top" | Ghodbunder Road
|}

==== Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) ====

Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. One from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and another from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri.

===Future of transport in Thane===
A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 11 stations in total.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/now-attention-on-thane-light-rail/articleshow/1345898.cms? Times of India report]. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. (26 December 2005).</ref>

== Education ==
=== Schools ===
{{see also|List of schools in Maharashtra#Thane|label 1=List of schools in Thane}}


* [[D.A.V. Public School, Thane]]
* [[Lighthouse Learning|Euroschool, Thane West]]
* [[Hiranandani Foundation School, Thane|Hiranandani Foundation School]]
* [[Holy Cross Convent High School, Thane|Holy Cross Convent High School]]
* [[Little Flower High School, Thane]]
* [[New Horizon Scholars School, Thane]]
* [[Podar International School]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podareducation.org/school/thane|title=Podar International School|website=podareducation.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413063015/https://podareducation.org/school/thane|archive-date=13 April 2019|access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref>
* [[Smt. Sulochanadevi Singhania School]]
* [[Sri Ma Vidyalaya]], [[Patlipada]], Thane
* [[St. John the Baptist High School, Thane]]
* [[Vasant Vihar High School]]



=== Colleges and Institutes ===


* [[A. P. Shah Institute of Technology]]
* [[Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies|Dr. V. N. Bedekar Institute of Management Studies And Law]]
* [[KC College of Engineering, Thane|KC College of Engineering]]
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Medical College]]
* [[Rustomjee Academy for Global Careers]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ragc.in/|title=Best Vocational Education & Training Courses Institute in India {{!}} RAGC|website=Rustomjee Academy For Global Careers|language=en-US|access-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412105832/http://www.ragc.in/|archive-date=12 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Vidya Prasarak Mandal's Polytechnic]]

== Notable people ==
{{dynamic list|date=October 2017}}


*[[Amrita Arora]], film actress
*[[Malaika Arora]], film actress and dancer
*[[Jitendra Awhad]], Indian politician
*[[Anand Dighe]], former politician, popular by honorific "''Dharmaveer''". He was unit chief of [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]] in [[Thane district]].
*[[Hruta Durgule]], Indian television actress
*[[Poorva Gokhale]], television actress
*[[Avinash Jadhav]], politician
*[[Suhas Joshi]], film-television actor
*[[Umesh Kamat]], film-television actor
*[[Sanjay Mukund Kelkar]], politician
*[[Prajakta Koli]], YouTuber
*[[Kavita Lad]], film-television actress
*[[Pramod Mahajan]], Indian politician
*[[Priya Marathe]], television actress
*[[Sanjeev Naik]], politician
*[[Anand Paranjpe]], politician
*[[Prakash Vishvanath Paranjape]], politician
*[[Ravindra Phatak]], politician
*[[Satish Pradhan]], local politician
*[[Pratap Sarnaik]], politician
*[[Prithvi Shaw]], professional cricketer
*[[Eknath Shinde]], present [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]
*[[Shrikant Shinde]], Indian politician
*[[Anant Tare]], local politician
*[[Laxmi Narayan Tripathi]], Indian [[LGBT]] activist
*[[Rajan Vichare]], local politician



== See also ==
* [[Battle of Thane 636]]
* [[2013 Thane building collapse]] in [[Shil Phata, India|Shil Phata]]
* [[Transportation in Thane]]
* [[Trans Thane Creek]]
* [[Chandanwadi, Thane|Chandanwadi]]
* [[List of towns and villages in Thane district]]
* [[Thane Creek]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Thane}}
{{Wikivoyage|Thane}}
* [http://www.thaneweb.com/ Thaneweb.com]—The city portal
* [http://mahaforestthane.org.in/ Official Website of Thane Forest Circle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523172809/http://mahaforestthane.org.in/ |date=23 May 2018 }}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190514141025/http://www.thanemahapalika.com/ ThaneMahapailika.com]}}—Thane Municipal Corporation (Local Body)
* [http://thanecity.gov.in/index.php Official website of Thane City]
* [https://thane.nic.in/ Thane District]

{{Maharashtra}}
{{Million-plus cities in India}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}

[[Category:Thane| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Thane district]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Smart cities in India]]

National Film Award for Best Lyrics

2026-03-12T09:43:34Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = National Film Award for Best Lyrics
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader =
| awarded_for = Best lyrics of a song for the feature film for a year
| sponsor = [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]
| firstawarded = {{Start date and age|1968}}
| reward = {{ubl|Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus)|{{INR|2,00,000}}}}
| former name = Lyric Writer of the Best Film Song on National Integration (1968–1972)
| holder_label = Most recent winner
| holder = [[Kasarla Shyam]], ''[[Balagam (film)|Balagam]]'' (2023)
| most_wins = [[Vairamuthu]] (7)
}}

The '''National Film Award for Best Lyrics''' is an honour presented annually at the [[National Film Awards]] by the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] (NFDC) to a lyricist who has composed the best song for films produced within the [[Indian cinema|Indian film industry]].<ref name=NFA>{{cite web | url=http://dff.nic.in/nfa.asp | title=About National Film Awards | publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals | access-date=15 April 2015}}</ref> The award was first introduced at the [[16th National Film Awards]] in 1969. It was intermittently awarded until the [[22nd National Film Awards]] (1975). From then on, no award was presented until the [[32nd National Film Awards]] (1985). However, since 1985 every year the award has been presented with the exception of the [[34th National Film Awards]] (1987).

Although the Indian film industry produces films in around 20 [[Languages of India|languages and dialects]],<ref name=NFA /> the recipients of the award include those who have worked in seven major languages: [[Hindi]] (17 awards), [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (11 awards), [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (5 awards), [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] (4 awards each), [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (3 awards), [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] (1 award each).

Tamil poet [[Kannadasan]] was the first recipient of the award. He won the prize for his work in the 1967 Tamil film ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]''. The lyricist who won the most Rajat Kamal awards is [[Vairamuthu]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]) with seven wins,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kaviperarasu Vairamuthu turns 60|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kaviperarasu-Vairamuthu-turns-60/articleshow/21053895.cms|access-date=15 April 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=G.C.|first1=Shekhar|title=Music bridges torn past|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140206/jsp/nation/story_17905716.jsp#.VS1nytyUf1Y|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426212916/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140206/jsp/nation/story_17905716.jsp#.VS1nytyUf1Y|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2014|access-date=14 April 2015|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=6 February 2014}}</ref> followed by [[Javed Akhtar]] ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]) with five wins. Four lyricists: [[Gulzar]] (Hindi), [[Swanand Kirkire]] (Hindi), [[Prasoon Joshi]] (Hindi) and [[Na. Muthukumar]] (Tamil) have won the award on two occasions.

== List of recipients ==
[[File:Kannadasan 2013 stamp of India.jpg|thumbnail|upright|[[Kannadasan]] was the first recipient in this category.]]
[[File:Vairamuthu alaigal book shop.JPG|thumbnail|upright| With seven wins, [[Vairamuthu]] is the most awarded lyricist in this category.]]
[[File:Javed Akhtar.jpg|thumbnail|upright| With five wins, [[Javed Akhtar]] is the second-most awarded lyricist in this category.]]

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|bgcolor="#EBEBE0" width=30| ||Indicates a joint award for that year
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:100%"
! colspan="6" | List of award recipients, showing the year (award ceremony), song(s), film(s) and language(s)
|-
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:5%;" | Year
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:22%;"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:25%;"| Song(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"| Film(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"| Language(s)
! scope="col" style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:3%" class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Refs.|Reference}}
|-
| align="center"| [[16th National Film Awards|1968 {{small|(16th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Kannadasan]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="16thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/16th_nff_1970.pdf|title=16th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=22 September 2011|page=2}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[17th National Film Awards|1969 {{small|(17th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| "Aandhi Aaye Ki Toofan"
| ''[[Saat Hindustani]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="17thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|title=17th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[18th National Film Awards|1970 {{small|(18th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="18thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/17th_NFF_1971.pdf|title=18th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[19th National Film Awards|1971 {{small|(19th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Prem Dhawan]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar]]''
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| align="center" |<ref>[http://www.hindilyrics.net/awards/national-film-awards-1972.html National Film Awards – 1972]</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[20th National Film Awards|1972 {{small|(20th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vayalar Ramavarma]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Achanum Bappayum]]''
| [[Malayalam]]
| align="center" |<ref name="20thaward">{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|title=20th National Film Awards|publisher=International Film Festival of India|access-date=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105220349/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm20thNFAAward.aspx|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[21st National Film Awards|1973 {{small|(21st)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="21stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/21st_nff_1973.pdf|title=21st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 September 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[22nd National Film Awards|1974 {{small|(22nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Sri Sri (writer)|Sri Sri]]
| "Telugu Veera Levara"
| ''[[Alluri Seetharama Raju (film)|Alluri Seetharamaraju]]''
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |<ref name="22ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/22nd_nff_1974.pdf|title=22nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=1 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[23rd National Film Awards|1975 {{small|(23rd)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="23rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/23rd_nff_1975.pdf|title=23rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[24th National Film Awards|1976 {{small|(24th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref>[http://www.hindilyrics.net/awards/national-film-awards-1977.html National Film Awards – 1977]</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[25th National Film Awards|1977 {{small|(25th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="25thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/25th_nff_1977.pdf|title=25th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[26th National Film Awards|1978 {{small|(26th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="26thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/26th_NFA.pdf|title=26th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[27th National Film Awards|1979 {{small|(27th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1979 |title=National Film Awards (1979) |access-date=24 May 2013 |archive-date=22 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122145408/http://www.gomolo.com/9/national-film-awards-1979 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[28th National Film Awards|1980 {{small|(28th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="28thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/28th_nff_1981.pdf|title=28th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[29th National Film Awards|1981 {{small|(29th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="29thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/29th_nff_1982.pdf|title=29th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[30th National Film Awards|1982 {{small|(30th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="30thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/30th_nff_1983.pdf|title=30th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=4 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[31st National Film Awards|1983 {{small|(31st)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="31stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/31st_nff_1984.pdf|title=31st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 December 2011}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[32nd National Film Awards|1984 {{small|(32nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vasant Dev]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Saaransh]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="32ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/32nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=32nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[33rd National Film Awards|1985 {{small|(33rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vairamuthu]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Muthal Mariyathai]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="33rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[34th National Film Awards|1986 {{small|(34th)}}]]
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#F5A9A9" align="center" | No Award
| align="center" |<ref name="34thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[35th National Film Awards|1987 {{small|(35th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Gulzar]]
| "[[Mera Kuchh Saamaan]]"
| ''[[Ijaazat]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="35thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/35th_nff_1988.pdf|title=35th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[36th National Film Awards|1988 {{small|(36th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[O. N. V. Kurup]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Vaishali (film)|Vaishali]]''
| [[Malayalam]]
| align="center" |<ref name="36thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf|title=36th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[37th National Film Awards|1989 {{small|(37th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Satarupa Sanyal]]
| {{dash}}
| ''Chhandaneer''
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| align="center" |<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[38th National Film Awards|1990 {{small|(38th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Gulzar]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Lekin...]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="38thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/38th_nff_1991.pdf|title=38th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[39th National Film Awards|1991 {{small|(39th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[K. S. Narasimhaswamy]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Mysore Mallige (film)|Mysore Mallige]]''
| [[Kannada]]
| align="center" |<ref name="39thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf|title=39th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 February 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[40th National Film Awards|1992 {{small|(40th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vairamuthu]]
| "Chinna Chinna Aasai"
| ''[[Roja (film)|Roja]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="40thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf|title=40th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[41st National Film Awards|1993 {{small|(41st)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Veturi]]
| "Raali Poye Puvva"
| ''[[Mathru Devo Bhava]]''
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |<ref name="41stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/41st_nff_1994.pdf|title=41st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=3 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[42nd National Film Awards|1994 {{small|(42nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vairamuthu]]
| {{•}}"Poralae Ponnuthayi" {{•}}"Uyirum Neeye"
| {{•}}''[[Karuththamma]]'' {{•}}''[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf|title=42nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[43rd National Film Awards|1995 {{small|(43rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Amit Khanna]]
| "Kuch Is Tarah"
| ''[[Bhairavi (film)|Bhairavi]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="43rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/43rd_nff_1996.pdf|title=43rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=6 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[44th National Film Awards|1996 {{small|(44th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Javed Akhtar]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Saaz (film)|Saaz]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="44thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/44th_nff_1997.pdf|title=44th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[45th National Film Awards|1997 {{small|(45th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Javed Akhtar]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Border (1997 film)|Border]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="45thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf|title=45th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[46th National Film Awards|1998 {{small|(46th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Javed Akhtar]]
| "Maati Re Maati Re"
| ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="46thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf|title=46th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[47th National Film Awards|1999 {{small|(47th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vairamuthu]]
| "Mudhal Murai Killipparthaein"
| ''[[Sangamam (1999 film)|Sangamam]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="47thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf|title=47th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[48th National Film Awards|2000 {{small|(48th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | [[Yusufali Kechery]]
| "Gayam Hari Nama Dhayam"
| ''[[Mazha]]''
| [[Malayalam]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1" | [[Javed Akhtar]]
| "[[Panchi Nadiya Pawan Ke|Panchchhi Nadiyaan]]"
| ''[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|-
| align="center"| [[49th National Film Awards|2001 {{small|(49th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Javed Akhtar]]
| {{•}}"Ghanan Ghanan" {{•}}"Radha Kaise Na Jale"
| ''[[Lagaan]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="49thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/49th_nff_2002.pdf|title=49th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[50th National Film Awards|2002 {{small|(50th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vairamuthu]]
| "Oru Deivam Thantha Poove"
| ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012|pages=18–19}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[51st National Film Awards|2003 {{small|(51st)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| "Nenu Saitham"
| ''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]]''
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |<ref name="51stawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/51st_nff_2004.pdf|title=51st National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=15 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[52nd National Film Awards|2004 {{small|(52nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[P. Vijay]]
| "[[Ovvoru Pookalume]]"
| ''[[Autograph (2004 film)|Autograph]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="52ndawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/52nd_nff_2005.pdf|title=52nd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[53rd National Film Awards|2005 {{small|(53rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Baraguru Ramachandrappa]]
| "Barutheve Naav Barutheve"
| ''Thaayi''
| [[Kannada]]
| align="center" |<ref name="53rdawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/53rd_nff_2006.pdf|title=53rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[54th National Film Awards|2006 {{small|(54th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| "Bande Me Tha Dum"
|''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="54thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf|title=54th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[55th National Film Awards|2007 {{small|(55th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Prasoon Joshi]]
| "Maa"
| ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="55thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/55th_nff_2007.pdf|title=55th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[56th National Film Awards|2008 {{small|(56th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
| rowspan="2" | "Pherari Mon"
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Antaheen]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="56thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/56th_nff_2008.pdf|title=56th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chandril Bhattacharya]]
|-
| align="center"| [[57th National Film Awards|2009 {{small|(57th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| "Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh"
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="57thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf|title=57th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=28 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[58th National Film Awards|2010 {{small|(58th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Vairamuthu]]
| "Kallikkaattil Pirandha Thaayae"
| ''[[Thenmerku Paruvakaatru]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="58thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf|title=58th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[59th National Film Awards|2011 {{small|(59th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| "Agar Zindagi"
| ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="59thaward">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=80734|title=59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[60th National Film Awards|2012 {{small|(60th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Prasoon Joshi]]
| "Bolo Naa"
| ''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="60thaward">{{cite press release|title=60th National Film Awards Announced|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2013/mar/d2013031801.pdf|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|access-date=18 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[61st National Film Awards|2013 {{small|(61st)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|"Ananda Yaazhai Meettugirai"
| ''[[Thanga Meenkal]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="61staward">{{cite web|title=61st National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=16 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181218/http://www.dff.nic.in/List%20of%20Awards.pdf|archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[62nd National Film Awards|2014 {{small|(62nd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Na. Muthukumar]]
|"Azhagu"
| ''[[Saivam]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" |<ref name="62ndaward">{{cite press release|title=62nd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/62nd%20National%20Film%20Awards%202014%20-%20Press%20Release.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=24 March 2015|access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[63rd National Film Awards|2015 {{small|(63rd)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
|"Moh Moh Ke Dhaage"
| ''[[Dum Laga Ke Haisha]]''
| [[Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref name="63rdaward">{{cite press release|title=63rd National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|date=28 March 2016|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#EBEBE0"
| align="center" rowspan="2" | [[64th National Film Awards|2016 {{small|(64th)}}]]
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1"| [[Vairamuthu]]
|"Entha Pakkam"
| ''[[Dharma Durai (2016 film)|Dharma Durai]]''
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align="center" rowspan="2" |<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#EBEBE0"
! scope="row" style="background-color:#E0E0D1"| [[Anupam Roy]]
|"Tumi Jaake Bhalobasho"
| ''[[Praktan]]''
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
| align="center" | [[65th National Film Awards|2017 {{small|(65th)}}]]
! scope="row"| J. M. Prahlad
| "Muthu Ratnada Pyate"
| ''22 March''
| [[Kannada]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/65th-national-film-awards-full-winners-list-5135786/|title=65th National Film Awards: Full winners list|publisher=The New Indian Express|date= 13 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" | [[66th National Film Awards|2018 {{small|(66th)}}]]
! scope="row"| Manjunatha S. Reddy
| "Maayavi Manave"
| ''[[Nathicharami]]''
| [[Kannada]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf|access-date=9 August 2019|title=66th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[67th National Film Awards|2019 {{small|(67th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Prabha Varma]]
| "Aarodum Parayathe Vayya"
| ''[[Kolaambi]]''
| [[Malayalam]]
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dff.nic.in/images/News/1098_winners_for_67th.pdf|access-date=25 May 2022|title=67th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[68th National Film Awards|2020 {{small|(68th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Manoj Muntashir]]
| {{dash}}
| ''[[Saina (film)|Saina]]''
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-07-22 |title=68th National Film Awards |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/68th-national-film-awards-live-here-are-all-the-winners/article65670011.ece |access-date=2022-07-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[69th National Film Awards|2021 {{small|(69th)}}]]
! scope="row" | [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| "Dham Dham Dham"
| ''[[Konda Polam]]''
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center" |<ref>{{cite news|title=69th National Film Awards: Allu Arjun, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, and ‘Rocketry: The Nambi Effect’ bag the honours|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/69th-national-film-awards-allu-arjun-alia-bhatt-kriti-sanon-and-rocketry-the-nambi-efffect-bag-the-honours/ |access-date=10 October 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[70th National Film Awards|2022 {{small|(70th)}}]]
! scope="row" |Naushad Sadar Khan
| "Salaami"
| ''[[Fouja]]''
| [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]]
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=70th National Film Awards for the year 2022 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2045960 |access-date=8 October 2024 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"| [[71st National Film Awards|2023 {{small|(71st)}}]]
! scope="row" |[[Kasarla Shyam]]
| "Ooru Palletooru"
| ''[[Balagam (film)|Balagam]]''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align="center"|<ref name="71st National Film Awards South winners list: Actors Urvashi, Vijayaraghavan and MS Bhaskar win big; Hanu-Man bags trophy for best action choreography">{{cite news |title=71st National Film Awards South winners list: Actors Urvashi, Vijayaraghavan and MS Bhaskar win big; Hanu-Man bags trophy for best action choreography |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-south-winners-list-actors-urvashi-vijayaraghavan-and-ms-bhaskar-hanuman-10163994/ |access-date=1 August 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801173600/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-south-winners-list-actors-urvashi-vijayaraghavan-and-ms-bhaskar-hanuman-10163994/ |archive-date=1 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]
* [http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp National Film Awards Archives]

{{National Film Award Best Lyrics}}
{{National Film Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:National Film Award For Best Lyrics}}
[[Category:National Film Awards (India)|Lyrics]]

2025 Durand Cup knockout stage

2026-03-11T07:06:51Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|Football competition stage in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Main|2025 Durand Cup}}
{{infobox football tournament season
| title = Durand Cup knockout stage
| year = 2025
| country = India
| num_teams = 8
| matches = 7
| goals = 23
| top goal scorer =
| attendance = {{#expr:8337+14970+11472+58676+14911+18960+16920}}
| prevseason = [[2024 Durand Cup knockout stage|2024]]
| nextseason = [[2026 Durand Cup knockout stage|2026]]
}}
The '''2025 Durand Cup knockout stage''' will begin with the quarter-finals on 16 August and conclude with the final match on 23 August 2025 at the [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]] in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], which will be the [[2025 Durand Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-05 |title=Durand Cup 2025: Tentative Fixtures Released, Mohun Bagan Included at the Last Moment |url=https://revsportz.in/durand-cup-2025-tentative-fixtures-released-mohun-bagan-included-at-the-last-moment/ |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=Rev Sportz.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-05 |title=Durand Cup 2025: Participating Teams, Groups And Full Fixtures |url=https://www.news18.com/football/durand-cup-2025-participating-teams-groups-and-full-fixtures-ws-l-9421622.html |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> A total of 8 teams will compete in the knockout stage.

== Qualified teams ==
{{Further|2025 Durand Cup group stage}}
The top-placed team and the two best runners-up from each of the six groups will qualify for the knockout stage.
<section begin="Qualified" teams="" />
{| class="wikitable"
!Group
! width="210" |Winners
! width="210" |Best Runners-up ([[2025 Durand Cup#Ranking of second-placed teams|Best two]] qualify)
|-
!{{nowrap|[[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group A|Group A]]}}
|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|{{N/a}}
|-
![[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group B|Group B]]
|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]
|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|-
![[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group C|Group C]]
|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|{{N/a}}
|-
![[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group D|Group D]]
|[[Bodoland FC|Bodoland]]
|{{N/a}}
|-
![[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group E|Group E]]
|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
|-
![[2025 Durand Cup group stage#Group F|Group F]]
|[[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]
|{{N/a}}
|}

===Ranking of second-placed teams===
{{:2025 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=2nd placed teams}}

== Schedule ==
The schedule was as follows.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Round
!Dates
|-
|Quarter-finals
|16–17 August 2025
|-
|Semi-finals
|19–20 August 2025
|-
|Final
|23 August 2025
|}

== Bracket ==
In the knockout stage, for any draws matches would be directly decided by a [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shootout]].
<section begin=Bracket/>
{{#invoke:RoundN|main
|style=font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap
|score-boxes=1|columns=3 |3rdplace=no|short_brackets=yes
|team-width=180|score-width=18


|16 Aug – [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Shillong]]|'''[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]'''|'''2'''|[[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]|1
|16 Aug – [[Kokrajhar]]|[[Bodoland FC|Bodoland]]|0|'''[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]'''|'''4'''
|17 Aug – [[JRD Tata Sports Complex|Jamshedpur]]|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]|0|'''[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]'''|'''2'''
|17 Aug – [[Salt Lake Stadium|Kolkata]]|'''[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]'''|'''2'''|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]|1


|19 Aug – [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Shillong]]|[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]|0|'''[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]'''|'''1'''
|20 Aug – [[Salt Lake Stadium|Kolkata]]|'''[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]'''|'''2'''|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]|1


|23 Aug – [[Salt Lake Stadium|Kolkata]]|'''[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]'''|'''6'''|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]|1
}}<section end=Bracket/>

== Quarter-finals ==
<section begin=QF />
{{#invoke:football box|main
| round = '''Match 37''' (1st Quarter-finals)
| date = {{start date|2025|08|16|df=y}}
| time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[Indian Navy Sports Club|Indian Navy]]
| goals1 =
* [[Damaitphang Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|69|pen.}}
* Everbrightson {{goal|80}}
| goals2 =
* Vijay Marandi {{goal|38}}
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]]
| attendance = 8,337
| referee = Pratik Mondal Man of the Match: Everbrightson Mylliempdah (Shillong Lajong)
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54787 Report] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/54787_Match_Summary_V1_1755347756.pdf{{nobr|PDF Report}}]
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| round = '''Match 38''' (2nd Quarter-finals)
| date = {{start date|2025|08|16|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Bodoland FC|Bodoland]]
| score = 0–4
| team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Alaaeddine Ajaraie|Ajaraie]] {{goal|29||61}}
* [[Andy Rodríguez|Andy]] {{goal|53}}
* [[Parthib Gogoi|Parthib]] {{goal|90+1}}
| stadium = [[Sports Authority of India|SAI Stadium]]
| location = [[Kokrajhar]] ([[Bodoland Territorial Region|BTR]]), [[Assam]]
| attendance = 14,970
| referee = Surajit Das Man of the Match: [[Alaaeddine Ajaraie]] (NorthEast United)
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54788 Report] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/54788_Match_Summary_V1_1755358952.pdf {{nobr|PDF Report}}]
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| round = '''Match 39''' (3rd Quarter-finals)
| date = {{start date|2025|08|17|df=y}}
| time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| score = 0–2
| team2 = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Sairuat Kima]] {{goal|3||41}}
| stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
| location = [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]]
| attendance = 11,472
| referee = Lakshay Man of the Match: [[Sairuat Kima]] (Diamond Harbour)
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54789 Report] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/54789_Match_Summary_V1_1755434949.pdf {{nobr|PDF Report}}]
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| round = '''Match 40''' (4th Quarter-finals)
| date = {{start date|2025|08|17|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan]]
| goals1 =
* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|38|pen.|52}}
| goals2 =
* [[Anirudh Thapa|Thapa]] {{goal|68}}
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| attendance = 58,676
| referee = Venkatesh Ramachandran Man of the Match: [[Dimitrios Diamantakos]] (East Bengal)
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54790 Report] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/54790_Match_Summary_V1_1755445483.pdf {{nobr|PDF Report}}]
}}<section end=QF />

== Semi-finals ==
<section begin=SF />
{{#invoke:football box|main
| round = '''Match 41''' (1st Semi-finals)
| date = {{start date|2025|08|19|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| score = 0–1
| team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Redeem Tlang|Tlang]] {{goal|36}}
| stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| location = [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]]
| attendance = 14,911
| referee = Senthil Nathan ([[Substitute (association football)|sub.]] Lalit Singh Rawat) Man of the Match: [[Redeem Tlang]] (NorthEast United)
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54834 Report] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/54834_Match_Summary_V1_1755617943.pdf {{nobr|PDF Report}}]
}}
----
{{#invoke:football box|main
| round = '''Match 42''' (2nd Semi-finals)
| date = {{start date|2025|08|20|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
| score = 2–1
| team2 = [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| goals1 =
* [[Mikel Kortazar|Kortazar]] {{goal|66}}
* [[Jobby Justin|Justin]] {{goal|83}}
| goals2 =
* [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar]] {{goal|67}}
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| attendance = 18,960
| referee = Harish Kundu Man of the Match: [[Mirshad Michu]] (Diamond Harbour)
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=54835 Report] [https://aiff-cms.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/cms/reports/54835_Match_Summary_V1_1755705337.pdf {{nobr|PDF Report}}]
}}<section end="SF" />

==Final==
{{Main|2025 Durand Cup final}}
The final match will be held on 23 August 2025 at the [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]] in [[Kolkata]].
{{#lst:2025 Durand Cup final|Final}}

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://durandcup.in/}}
{{Durand Cup}}
* [https://www.sofascore.com/tournament/football/india/durand-cup/20809#id:77970,tab:matches 2025 Durand Cup] at [[Sofascore]]

{{Portal bar|India|Association football}}
{{2025–26 in Indian football}}
{{2024–25 in Asian football (AFC)}}

[[Category:2025 Durand Cup|Knockout Stage]]
[[Category:2025–26 in Indian football|Durand Cup]]
[[Category:August 2025 sports events in India|Durand Cup]]

List of Hindi films of 1977

2026-03-09T03:02:36Z

Pandit debotosh dey: content update

{{Short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Bollywood films}}
A list of [[films]] produced by the [[Bollywood]] film industry based in [[Mumbai]] in 1977:

==Top-grossing films==
The top fifteen grossing films at the Indian Box Office in
1977:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=183&catName=MTk3Nw==|title=Top Earners 1977|access-date=2017-07-11|publisher=boxofficeindia.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323192239/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=183&catName=MTk3Nw==|archive-date=2009-03-23}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! 1977 Rank
! Title
! Cast
|-
| 1.
| '''''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'''''
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Parveen Babi]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Ranjeet]], [[Yousuf Khan (actor)|Yusuf Khan]]
|-
| 2.
| '''''[[Dharam Veer (film)|Dharam Veer]]'''''
| [[Dharmendra]], [[Jeetendra]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Ranjeet]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]]
|-
| 3.
| '''''[[Hum Kisise Kum Naheen]]'''''
| [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Kajal Kiran]], [[Tariq Ali Khan|Tariq Khan]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Zeenat Aman]]
|-
| 4.
| '''''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]'''''
| [[Shammi Kapoor]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Kader Khan]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Tom Alter]]
|-
| 5.
| '''''[[Adalat (1976 film)|Adalat]]'''''
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Waheeda Rehman]], [[Neetu Singh]]
|-
| 6.
| '''''[[Inkaar (1977 film)|Inkaar]]'''''
| [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Vidya Sinha]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]
|-
| 7.
| '''''[[Khoon Pasina]]'''''
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Rekha]]
|-
| 8.
| '''''[[Dream Girl (1977 film)|Dream Girl]]'''''
| [[Hema Malini]], [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Dharmendra]], [[Prem Chopra]]
|-
| 9.
| '''''[[Chacha Bhatija]]'''''
| [[Dharmendra]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Yogeeta Bali]]
|-
| 10.
| '''''[[Anurodh]]'''''
| [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Simple Kapadia]]
|-
| 11.
| '''''[[Shirdi Ke Sai Baba]]'''''
| [[Sudhir Dalvi]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Rajendra Kumar]], [[Hema Malini]]
|-
| 12.
| '''''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (1977 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]'''''
| [[Prem Krishen]], [[Talluri Rameshwari]]
|-
| 13.
| '''''[[Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein]]'''''
| [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Hema Malini]]
|-
| 14.
| '''''[[Chhailla Babu]]'''''
| [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Zeenat Aman]]
|-
| 15.
| '''''[[Jallian Wala Bagh]]'''''
| [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Shabana Azmi]]
|-
|}

==A-Z==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! sources
|-
| ''[[Aadmi Sadak Ka]]'' || [[Devendra Goel]] || [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Zaheera]], [[Sujit Kumar]], [[Deven Verma]] ||Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Aafat]]'' || [[Atma Ram (director)|Atma Ram]] || [[Navin Nischol]], [[Leena Chandavarkar]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] || Crime Thriller ||
|-
| ''[[Aaina (1974 film)|Aaina]]'' || [[K. Balachander]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]], [[A. K. Hangal]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Lalita Pawar]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Aakhri Goli]]'' || [[Shibu Mitra]] || [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Leena Chandavarkar]], [[Farida Jalal]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Om Prakash]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Aakhri Sajda]]'' || ||[[Mala Sinha]], [[Murad (actor)|Murad]], [[Helen (actress)|Helen]], [[Jagdeep]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Aap Ki Khatir (1977 film)|Aap Ki Khatir]]'' || [[Sudhendu Roy]] || [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Rekha]], [[Nadira (Indian actress)|Nadira]], [[Helen (actress)|Helen]], [[Tun Tun]], [[Om Shivpuri]] || ||
|-
|''[[Aashiq Hoon Baharon Ka]]'' || [[J. Om Prakash]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Preeti Ganguli]] || Romance ||
|-
| ''[[Ab Kya Hoga]]'' || [[Sawan Kumar]] || [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Asrani]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]], [[Ranjeet]] ||Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Abhi To Jee Lein]]'' ||[[Roshan Taneja]] || [[Jaya Bhaduri]], [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Simi Garewal]], [[Iftekhar]] ||College Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Adha Din Aadhi Raat]]'' || [[Doondi]] ||[[Vinod Khanna]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Asha Parekh]] ||Action ||
|-
| ''[[Agar... If]]'' || [[Esmayeel Shroff]] ||[[Amol Palekar]], [[Zarina Wahab]], [[Kader Khan]] ||Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Agent Vinod (1977 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' || [[Deepak Bahry]] || [[Mahendra Sandhu]], [[Pinchu Kapoor]] ||Spy Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Alaap]]'' || [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rekha]] ||Musical Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Alibaba Marjinaa]]'' || [[Kedar Kapoor]] || [[Prem Kishan]], [[Tamanna Begum|Tamanna]], [[Urmila Bhatt]], [[Birbal (actor)|Birbal]], [[Jagdeep]], [[Pinchoo Kapoor]], [[Shakti Kapoor]] ||Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Amaanat (1977 film)|Amaanat]]'' || [[Shatrujit Paul]] || [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Sadhana Shivdasani]], [[Balraj Sahni]], [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] ||Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' || [[Manmohan Desai]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Parveen Babi]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)]], [[Ranjeet]], [[Yusuf Khan (actor)|Yusuf Khan]] || Romance ||
|-
| ''[[Anand Ashram]]'' || [[Shakti Samanta]] || [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Uttam Kumar]], [[Sharmila Tagore]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Angaare]]'' || [[Govind Saraiya]] || [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Raakhee Gulzar]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Anurodh]]'' || [[Shakti Samanta]] || [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Simple Kapadia]], [[Vinod Mehra]] || Musical Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Apnapan]]'' || [[J. Om Prakash]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Sulakshana Pandit]], [[Reena Roy]] || Drama ||
|-
|''[[Bhumika (film)|Bhumika]]'' || [[Shyam Benegal]] || [[Smita Patil]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Amrish Puri]] || Drama ||
|-
|''[[Chacha Bhatija]]'' || [[Manmohan Desai]] || [[Dharmendra]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Yogeta Bali]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Chakkar Pe Chakkar]]'' || [[Ashok Roy]] || [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Rekha]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] || Romance, Comedy ||
|-
| ''[[Chala Murari Hero Banne]]'' || [[G. Asrani]] || [[Asrani]], [[Bindiya Goswami]] || Comedy ||
|-
| ''[[Chalta Purza]]'' || [[Bhappi Sonie]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Parveen Babi]] || Action Thriller ||
|-
| ''[[Chandi Sona]]'' || [[Sanjay Khan]] || [[Sanjay Khan]], [[Parveen Babi]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] || Thriller ||
|-
| ''[[Charandas]]'' || [[B. S. Thapa]] || [[Om Prakash]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Chhailla Babu]]'' || [[Joy Mukherjee]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Zeenat Aman]] || Suspense Thriller ||
|-
| ''[[Chor Sipahee]]'' || Prayag Raj || [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Parveen Babi]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Daku Aur Mahatma]]'' ||[[Ravikant Nagaich]] || [[Rajendra Kumar]], [[Reena Roy]], [[Kabir Bedi]], [[Yogeeta Bali]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Darling Darling (1977 film)|Darling Darling]]'' || [[Gogi Anand]] || [[Dev Anand]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Dharam Veer (film)|Dharam Veer]]'' || [[Manmohan Desai]] || [[Dharmendra]], [[Jeetendra]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Ranjeet]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Dhoop Chhaon (1977 film)|Dhoop Chhaon]]'' || [[Prahllad Sharma]] || [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Hema Malini]], [[Yogeeta Bali]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Dildaar]]'' || [[K. Bapaiah]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Rekha]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Do Chehere]]'' || [[Kewal Misra]] || [[Dharmendra]], [[Prem Nath]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Do Sholay]]'' || [[Sukhdev Ahluwalia]] || [[Dharmendra]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Doosra Aadmi]]'' || [[Ramesh Talwar]] || [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Raakhee Gulzhar]], [[Shashi Kapoor]] || Romantic, Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Dream Girl (1977 film)|Dream Girl]]'' || [[Pramod Chakravorty]] || [[Dharmendra]], [[Hema Malini]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (1977 film)|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye]]'' || [[Lekh Tandon]] || [[Talluri Rameshwari]], [[Prem Krishen]], [[Madan Puri]] || Musical Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Hi Raasta (1977 film)|Ek Hi Raasta]]'' || [[Mohan Segal]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Shabana Azmi]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Farishta Ya Qatil]]'' || [[S. M. Abbas]] || [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Rekha]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Gayatri Mahima]]'' ||[[Harsukh Jagneshwar Bhatt]] ||[[Bharat Bhushan]], [[Jayshree Gadkar]] || Fantasy ||
|-
| ''[[Gharonda]]'' || [[Bhimsain Khurana]] || [[Amol Palekar]], [[Zarina Wahab]] ||Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Haiwan (film)|Haiwan]]'' || [[Ram Rano]] ||[[Deb Mukherjee]], [[Joy Mukherjee]] || Thriller ||
|-
| ''[[Hatyara (1977 film)|Hatyara]]'' || [[Surendra Mohan]] || [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] || Action, Crime ||
|-
| ''[[Hira Aur Patthar]]'' ||[[Vijay Bhatt]] || [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Shabana Azmi]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Hum Kisise Kum Naheen]]'' || [[Nasir Hussain]] || [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Tariq Ali Khan|Tariq Khan]], [[Kaajal Kiran]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Zeenat Aman]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Immaan Dharam]]'' || [[Desh Mukherjee]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Rekha]] || Action, Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Inkaar (1977 film)|Inkaar]]'' || [[Raj N. Sippy]] || [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Vidya Singh]] || Thriller ||
|-
| ''[[Jadu Tona]]'' || [[Ravikant Nagaich]] || [[Feroz Khan (actor)|Feroz Khan]], [[Reena Roy]] || Horror ||
|-
| ''[[Jagriti]]'' || [[Rajendra Bhatia]] || [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Reena Roy]], [[Nutan]], [[Prem Chopra]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Jai Dwarkadheesh]]'' || [[Sushil Gupta]] || [[Ramesh Deo]], [[Manher Desai]], [[Anita Guha]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Jallian Wala Bagh]]'' || Balraj Tah || [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Parikshit Sahni]], [[Shabana Azmi]] || Historical Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Janam Janam Na Saathi]]''/''[[Phir Janam Lenge Hum]]'' || [[Mehul Kumar]] || [[Adil Amman]], [[Bhavana Bhaat]], [[Jagdeep]], [[Iftekhar]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Jay Vejay]]'' || [[L. V. Prasad]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Prem Kishan]], [[Reena Roy]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Jeevan Mukt]]'' || [[Sudhendu Roy]] || [[Girish Karnad]], [[Laxmi]], [[Parikshit Sahni]], [[Vidya Sinha]], [[Suresh Oberoi]] || Family, Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Kachcha Chor]]'' || Jambu || [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Rekha]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''Kalabaaz'' || [[Ashok Roy]] || [[Dev Anand]], [[Zeenat Aman]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Kali Raat]]'' || [[Shririram Bohra]] || [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Yogeeta Bali]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Karm]]'' || [[B.R. Chopra]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Vidya Sinha]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Kasam Khoon Ki]]'' || Ashok Roy || [[Jeetendra]], [[Sulakshana Pandit]] || Action Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Khel Khilari Ka]]'' || [[Arjun Hingorani]] || [[Dharmendra]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Dev Kumar]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Khoon Pasina]]'' || [[Rakesh Kumar (director)|Rakesh Kumar]] || [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Rekha]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Kinara]]'' || [[Gulzar]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Dharmendra]], [[Hema Malini]] || Romance, Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Kissa Kursi Ka]]'' || [[Amrit Nahata]] || [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Raj Kiran (actor)|Raj Kiran]], [[Utpal Dutt]] || Political Satire ||
|-
| ''[[Kitaab]]'' || [[Gulzar]] || [[Master Raju]], [[Uttam Kumar]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Kotwal Saab]]'' ||[[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] || [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Aparna Sen]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Ladki Jawan Ho Gayi]]'' || [[Anand Dasani]] || [[Sujit Kumar]], [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Maha Badmaash]]'' || R. [[G. Thaker]] || [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Mama Bhanja]]'' || Naresh Kumar || [[Shammi Kapoor]], [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Parveen Babi]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Mastan Dada]]'' || [[Satyen Bose]] || [[Sanjay Khan]], [[Parveen Babi]], [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Ranjeet]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Meethi Meethi Baatein]]'' || [[K. Balachander]] || [[Kamal Hassan]], [[Jaya Pradha]], [[Aalam]], [[Y. Vijaya]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Mera Vachan Geeta Ki Kasam]]'' || Vinod Kumar || Sanjay Khan, Saira Banu, Om Prakash || ||
|-
| ''[[Mukti (1977 film)|Mukti]]'' || [[Raj Tilak (director)|Raj Tilak]] || [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Vidya Sinha]], [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Naami Chor]]'' || [[Kamal Mehra]] || [[Biswajit Chatterjee]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Leena Chandavarkar]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Ooparwala Jaane]]'' || Naresh Saigal || [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Rehana Sultan]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Paapi]]'' || [[O. P. Ralhan]] || [[Sunil Dutt]], [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Reena Roy]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Danny]], [[O. P. Ralhan]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Paheli (1977 film)|Paheli]]'' || [[Prashant Nanda]] || [[Satyajeet]], Nameeta Chandra, [[Durga Khote]], [[A. K. Hangal]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Palkon Ki Chhaon Mein]]'' || Meraj || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Hema Malini]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Pandit Aur Pathan]]'' ||[[Joginder]] || [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], [[Helen (actress)|Helen]], [[Nazir Hussain]], [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]'' || [[Manmohan Desai]] || [[Shammi Kapoor]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]], [[Kader Khan]], [[Tom Alter]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Pratima Aur Paayal]]'' || [[Saran Agarwal]] || [[Rita Bhaduri]], [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]], [[Sarika]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Prayashchit]]'' || [[Kamal Majumdar]] || [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Mala Sinha]], [[Nanda (actress)|Nanda]], [[Jagdeep]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Priyatama]]'' || [[Basu Chatterjee]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Neetu Singh]] || Musical ||
|-
| ''[[Ram Bharose]]'' || [[Anand Sagar]] || [[Randhir Kapoor]], [[Rekha]], [[Dara Singh]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] || Action Comedy ||
|-
| ''[[Safed Jhooth]]'' || [[Basu Chatterjee]] || [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]] || Comedy Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Saheb Bahadur]]'' || [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan Anand]] || [[Dev Anand]], [[Priya Jaswanst]], [[Asrani]] || Comedy Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Shankar Hussain]]'' || [[Yusuf Naqvi]] || [[Kanwaljit Singh (actor)|Kanwaljit Singh]] || Drama ||
|-
|''[[The Chess Players (film)|Shatranj Ke Khilari]]'' || [[Satyajit Ray]] || [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Farida Jalal]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Shirdi Ke Sai Baba]]'' || [[Ashok V. Bhushan]] || [[Sudhir Dalvi]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Rajendra Kumar]], [[Hema Malini]] || Devotional ||
|-
| ''[[Shri Ram Vanvas]]'' ||[[Kamalakara Kameshwara Rao]] ||[[K. S. Ravikumar]], [[Jaya Prada]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Swami (1977 film)|Swami]]'' || [[Basu Chatterjee]] || [[Girish Karnad]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Utpal Dutt]] || Romance, Drama ||
|-
|''[[Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane]]'' || [[Girish Karnad]], [[B. V. Karanth]] || [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]], [[Om Puri]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]] || Drama ||
|-
|''[[Taxi-Taxie]]'' || Irshad || [[Amol Palekar]], [[Zaheera]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Thief of Baghdad (1977 film)|Thief of Baghdad]]'' || [[Ravikant Nagaich]] || [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Sulakshana Pandit]], [[Kabir Bedi]], [[Prem Chopra]], [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]], [[Premnath]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Tinku (1977 film)|Tinku]]'' || [[Kalpataru]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Vinod Mehra]], [[Rehana Sultan]] || ||
|-
| ''[[Tyaag (1977 film)|Tyaag]]'' || [[Din Dayal Sharma]] || [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Sharmila Tagore]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Vishwasghaat 1977]]'' || [[Mahesh Bhaat]] || [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Sabhana Azmi]], [[Kabir Bedi]] || Drama ||
|-
| ''[[Yaaron Ka Yaar]]'' || [[A. Bhimsingh]] || [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Leena Chandavarkar]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Yehi Hai Zindagi]]'' || [[K. S. Sethumadhavan]] || [[Sanjeev Kumar]], [[Seema Deo|Seema]], [[Lucky Ali]] || Devotional ||
|-
| ''[[Zamaanat]]'' || [[A. Salaam]] || [[Jeetendra]], [[Reena Roy]], [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] || Action ||
|-
| ''[[Zehreeli]]'' || [[V. N. Reddy]] || [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Neethu Singh]], [[Bindu (actress)|Bindu]], [[Imtiaz Khan]] || ||
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Hindi films of 1976]]
* [[List of Hindi films of 1978]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/film_song_1977.html Indian Film Songs from the Year 1977] - A look back at 1977 with a focus on the Hindi film song

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1977 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bollywood Films Of 1977}}
[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year|1977]]
[[Category:Lists of 1977 films by language|Hindi]]
[[Category:1977 in Indian cinema|Films, Bollywood]]

Ganesh Jena

2026-03-06T15:55:57Z

Pandit debotosh dey: adding a info basic info - done

{{Short description|Indian mountaineer}}
{{notability|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
'''Ganesh Chandra Jena''' (born 5 May 1972) is a mountaineer from [[Odisha]], India. He reached the peak of [[Mount Everest]] on 18 May 2011 as the first male from the eastern state of [[Orissa, India|Orissa]].<ref name="orissa" /> Two other Indians in his team were Amit Kumar from Haryana and Jackie Jack from Rajasthan. The team was headed by [[Anshu Jamsenpa]], 32.<ref>{{cite news |date=2011-05-18 |title=India's Ganesh scales Mt. Everest |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/india-s-ganesh-scales-mt-everest_707295.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140330194221/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/india-s-ganesh-scales-mt-everest_707295.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 March 2014 |newspaper=zeenews.india.com |accessdate=2014-11-12}} </ref>
After [[Kalpana Dash]], Ganesh Jena achieved this feat as the second Oriya and the first man from Odisha<ref name="orissa">{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/101-103.pdf |title=BIO-DATA OF ODIA EVEREST MOUNTAINEERS - Odisha |publisher=orissa.gov.in |date= |access-date=2014-05-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112194303/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/101-103.pdf |archive-date=2014-11-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/marathoner-ganesh-jena-felicitated.html |title=Marathoner Ganesh Jena felicitated |publisher=Dailypioneer.com |date=2013-06-05 |accessdate=2014-11-12}}</ref>
"Willpower, patience and determination hold the key to success. My target is to scale the Everest twice in one season," he said to media persons after his successful Everest mission.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110601/jsp/orissa/story_14055042.jsp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140330194156/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110601/jsp/orissa/story_14055042.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 March 2014 |title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) | Orissa | Govt felicitates Everest climber |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=2011-06-01 |accessdate=2014-11-12}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He was born to Late Kantaru Jena in Sitapur, Paralakhemundi of [[Gajapati district]] in Odisha. Currently he resides in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and serves for [[Bhubaneswar Development Authority]].<ref name=odishasamaya>{{cite web|url=http://odishasamaya.com/news/denied-leave-ganesh-jena-calls-off-mt-kanchenjunga-mission/ |title=Denied leave, Ganesh Jena calls off Mt Kanchenjunga mission |publisher=Odisha Samaya |date=2014-04-06 |accessdate=2014-11-12}}</ref><ref name=orisports/>

He was always inclined towards adventure sports since his youth and moved towards his goal despite poor financial conditions. He has participated in many more adventure sports.<ref name=telegraph/><ref name=orisports/>

==Climbing career==

His mountaineering achievements are:
* 1996 - Mt. [[Bandarpunch]] Peak (21673 ft.)
* 1998 & 2005 - Mt. [[Stok Kangri]] Peak (two occasions)
* 1998 - Mt. Ladakhi Peak (5662 m)
* 1998 - Mt. Shetidhar Peak (5293 m)
* 1999 - Mt. [[Mamostong Kangri]] (24,400 ft.) Peak
* 1999 - Mt. Stok Kangri Peak
* 2000 - Mt. Golep Kangri Peak
* 2007 - Mt. Friendship Peak (5340 m)
* 2002 - Mt. [[Saser Kangri]] Peak (7672 m) organised by Y.A.M.A, Chandigarh.
* 18 May 2011 - Mount Everest (8848 m)<ref name="orissa" /><ref name=orisports>{{cite web|url=http://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=Mjg1 |title=Orisports.com |publisher=Orisports.com |date= |accessdate=2014-05-15}}</ref>
* 1 August 2015 - [[Mount Elbrus]], Russia (5642 m) <ref name=dnaElbrus>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/locality/bhubaneswar/ganesh-jena-becomes-first-odia-scale-mount-elbrus-moscow-66097|title=Ganesh Jena becomes first Odia to scale Mount Elbrus in Moscow |publisher=DNA India|date=2015-08-03|accessdate=2016-07-18}}</ref>

In May 2013, he participated in Everest Marathon as a single participant from India.<ref name=eodishasamacharElbrus>{{cite web|url=http://eodishasamachar.com/en/mountaineer-ganesh-chandra-jena-to-start-mount-elbrus-expedition-from-july-26/ |title=Mountaineer Ganesh Chandra Jena to start Mount Elbrus expedition from July 26 |publisher=eodishasamachar |date=2015-07-20 |accessdate=2016-07-18}}</ref>

He has participated in the National Adventure Festival at Chandigarh since 1995. He was a Guest Instructor for the National Adventure Festival from 2002 to 2009.<ref name="orissa" /><ref name=orisports/>
Ganesh was honoured with "Adamaya Sahas Puruskar" by the Haryana government in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=47934 |title=Haryana govt felicitates Odisha mountaineer Ganesh Chandra Jena, Odisha Current News, Odisha Latest Headlines |publisher=Orissadiary.com |date=2014-02-12 |accessdate=2014-05-15}}</ref>
He was to begin his Mount Kanchenjunga Mission from 1 April 2014 which was expected to end on 31 May. He was denied leave by his employer and he had to abort the mission.<ref name=odishasamaya/>

On 26 July 2015, Ganesh Jena started climbing Mount Elbrus in Moscow, Russia. A six-member team from India headed by Ganesh unfurled Tiranga (the national flag) at 8:45 PM on 1 August 2015. Earlier in a grand ceremony former Sports and Youth Services director Dr Bimalendu Mohanty and former assistant director Ashok Mohanty flagged off Jena.<ref name=dnaElbrus/><ref name=eodishasamacharElbrus/><ref name=orissadiaryElbrus>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=60433#sthash.NmuNu0r3.dpuf|title=Odisha mountaineer Ganesh Jena is all set to scale Mount Elbrus in Russia|publisher=orissadiary.com |date=2015-07-22 |accessdate=2015-07-22}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian summiters of Mount Everest - Year wise]]
*[[List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit]]
*[[List of Mount Everest records of India]]
*[[List of Mount Everest records]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian mountaineers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jena, Ganesh}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Paralakhemundi]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]

Ritvik Sahore

2026-03-04T05:44:47Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{short description|Indian actor (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ritvik Sahore
| image = Ritivk Sahore (cropped).webp
| caption = Sahore in 2023
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000
|09|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2012–present
| notable_works =
}}

'''Ritvik Sahore''' (born 14 September 2000) is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films and web shows. He made his acting debut with ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]'' (2012), for which he received [[Screen Award for Best Child Artist]] nomination. Sahore is best known for his portrayal of Omkar Singh Phogat in ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' (2016), Aakash in ''[[Laakhon Mein Ek]]'' (2017), Kunal Marathe in [[Indori Ishq|''Indori Ishq'']] (2021) and Rajat Bakshi in ''[[Flames (web series)|Flames]]'' (2018).<ref>{{cite news|title=Rohit Saraf, Ritvik Sahore to Ritwik Bhowmik: A look at young and upcoming OTT stars|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/rohit-saraf-to-ritwik-bhowmik-a-look-at-young-and-upcoming-ott-stars/articleshow/85072894.cms|access-date=20 August 2021 |work=Times Of India}}</ref>

Sahore's other notable work include the film, ''Gauru: Journey of Courage'' (2018) and the web series, ''[[Escaype Live]]'' and [[Ishq Express|''Ishq'' ''Express'']] both (2022).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-10|title=Escaype Live actor Ritvik Sahore opens up about starting young in films: 'I've had a number of sleepless nights, which is a little sad'|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/exclusive-escaype-live-actor-ritvik-sahore-opens-up-about-starting-young-in-films-ive-had-a-number-of-sleepless-nights-which-is-a-little-sad-article-91667537/amp|access-date=20 May 2022|website=Times Now|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ritvik Sahore was born on 14 September 2000 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and grew up in the Goregaon area of the city. His parents are Rajesh Sahore and Monica Sahore. He is from a middle-class family from [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=From being a shy kid to the chocolate boy of the OTT industry, here's how Ritvik Sahore made his name|url=https://tealfeed.com/shy-kid-becoming-chocolate-boy-ritvik-kflym|access-date=20 July 2022|website=Tealfeed|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dangal fame Ritvik Sahore says he is an 'accidental actor'! Exclusive|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/ritvik-says-he-is-an-accidental-actor-771906.html|access-date=30 December 2019|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Sahore made his acting debut with ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]'' in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rajesh Mapuskar on Ferrari Ki Sawaari: Only a Parsi came to my mind|url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/06/14192839/Rajesh-Mapuskar--8216Only.html|publisher=Mint|access-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> He portrayed [[Sharman Joshi]]'s son in the film. ''[[Times of India]]'' stated, "Young Ritvik, like a true captain, holds the team together. This little stock of talent is so natural and expressive, he’ll bowl you over."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ferrari-ki-sawaari/movie-review/14120639.cms|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari Review: The film is too-good-to-be-true, but that's feel good cinema for you|publisher=Time of India}}</ref> He next portrayed Omkar Singh Phogat, [[Aparshakti Khurana]]'s younger version in the 2016 film ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gupta|first1=Rachit|title=Movie review: Dangal|url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-dangal-17634.html|work=Filmfare|access-date=24 May 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170524174127/http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/movie-review-dangal-17634.html|archive-date=24 May 2017|date=22 December 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> which is the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest grossing Indian film]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Lata|title=Aamir Khan's 'Dangal' beats 'PK' to become highest Bollywood grosser|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/qD9lVsv23nJrdwNGUHHkjK/Aamir-Khans-Dangal-beats-PK-to-become-highest-Bollywood.html|access-date=21 May 2017|work=Livemint|date=10 January 2017}}</ref>

He did a cameo role of Atul Nadar in the TV series ''[[The Good Karma Hospital]]''.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=7 February 2017|url=https://www.itvmedia.co.uk/programmes/programme-planner/itv-commissions-medical-drama-good-karma-hospital|title=ITV Media - The Good Karma Hospital|publisher=ITV Media|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208133452/https://www.itvmedia.co.uk/programmes/programme-planner/itv-commissions-medical-drama-good-karma-hospital|archivedate=8 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The same year, he made his web debut with ''[[Laakhon Mein Ek]]'', portraying Akash in the first season of the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20171120-laakhon-mein-ek-biswa-kalyan-rath-amazon-prime-original-series-1083668-2017-11-12|title=Laakhon Mein Ek: Comedian Biswa Kalyan Rath's Amazon Prime series asks some tough questions|website=India Today|date=12 November 2017|first=Suhani|last=Singh|access-date=2 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114073735/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20171120-laakhon-mein-ek-biswa-kalyan-rath-amazon-prime-original-series-1083668-2017-11-12|archive-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> Praising his performance, ''[[Mid Day]]'' wrote, "Sahore is a treat to watch as he depicts the frustration of a youngster who is a victim of insurmountable expectations."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/laakhon-mein-ek-web-show-review-honest-effort-with-effective-casting/18662188|title='Laakhon Mein Ek' web show review: Honest effort with effective casting|website=Mid Day|first=Letty Mariam|last=Abraham|date=18 October 2017|access-date=16 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025011109/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/laakhon-mein-ek-web-show-review-honest-effort-with-effective-casting/18662188|archive-date=25 October 2017}}</ref>

2018 marked a turning point in Sahore's career. He portrayed the lead in the award-winning film, ''Gauru: Journey of Courage''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/gauru--a-movie-on-grandmother--grandson---s-love.html|title=Gauru: Journey of Courage: A movie on grandmother, grandson's love|publisher=Daily Pioneer|access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/jaipur/screening-of-film-gauru-held-in-jaipur-for-children/articleshow/73158835.cms|title=Screening of film 'Gauru: Journey of Courage' held in Jaipur for children|publisher=Times of India|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> He received wide attention with his portrayal of Rajat Bakshi in ''Flames'' opposite [[Tanya Maniktala]]. The first season released in 2018, second season in 2019. He received praises for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flames 2 Review: Ritvik Sahore and Tanya Maniktala's show is a perfect blend of romance and nostalgia|work=Indian Express|access-date=27 October 2020|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/flames-2-review-a-perfect-blend-of-romance-and-nostalgia-6083864/}}</ref> The series renewed for a third season in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flames Season 3 Review: A perfect blend of romance, friendship, and emotions|work=Times of India|access-date=28 October 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/flames/season-3/seasonreview/95114644.cms}}</ref>

In 2018, he too starred as Ishaan in ''Awkward Conversations with Parents'', opposite [[Ahsaas Channa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch Ritvik Sahore's 'Awkward Conversations with Parents' All Episodes|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/awkward-conversations-with-parents/0-6-3342|work=ZEE5|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> In 2019, he appeared in the short film ''To Remember Me By''.<ref>{{Cite web|title='To Remember Me By' Cast Interview :Ritvik Sahore and Sunny Pawar|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HeX3U8PTuok|work=Jamie Alter - Youtube|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref> While In 2020, he starred in ''Awkward Conversations with Girlfriend'', a sequel to ''Awkward Conversations with Parents'', opposite Rashmi Agdekar<ref>{{Cite web|title=Likee, TSP collaborate to promote 'Awkward Conversations with Girlfriend'|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/news-ani/likee-tsp-collaborate-to-promote-awkward-conversations-with-girlfriend-120011700988_1.html|work=Business Standard|access-date=20 January 2020}}</ref> and in the short film, ''The Twist'' opposite Gayatri Salkar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aamir Khan is impressed with the short film 'The Twist' starring Dangal actor Ritvik Sahore|url=https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/aamir-khan-is-impressed-with-the-twist-starring-dangal-actor-ritvik-sahore-40650.amp|work=Filmfare|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref>

In 2021, Sahore received praises for his portrayal of Kunal Marathe opposite Vedika Bhandari in ''[[Indori Ishq]]''. ''[[Times of India]]'' praised his performance and mentioned, "Sahore's portrayal of a happy-go-lucky man Kunal, is captivating, making the viewers love his character. Kunal’s transformation from a sweet romantic boy to a brooding man, is convincing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MX Player's Indori Ishq Season 1 Review: An engaging love-betrayal saga|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/indori-ishq/season-1/seasonreview/83362114.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> The same year, he appeared as Young Matsya in ''Matsya Kaand''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matsya Kaand - An MX Original Series: Cast, Reviews, Photos, Videos....|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/mx-player/matsya-kaand-an-mx-original-series/webseriesshow/87863333.cms|work=India Times|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref>

Sahore had five releases in 2022. He first appeared in ''Campus Diaries'' portraying Abhilash.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Campus Diaries Review: टीवीएफ के तकनीशियनों की अच्छी रीयूनियन, रंजन राज बने पहले एपिसोड के हीरो|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/web-series/campus-diaries-review-in-hindi-by-pankaj-shukla-prem-mistry-abhishek-yadav-mx-player-harsh-beniwal-ritvik-sahore|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=7 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='The Kashmir Files', 'Campus Diaries' top IMDb Top 10 films, web series list of 2022|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-kashmir-files-campus-diaries-top-imdb-top-10-films-web-series/articleshow/92872548.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref> He next portrayed Sachin in ''Bro-Founders'', a mini-series.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-trailer-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-starrer-web-series-8brings-forth-the-dark-side-of-social-media-watch-101650973945860.html|title=FilterCopy's Mini seeries 'Bro-Founders' - Official Trailer All Episodes out now|access-date=April 26, 2022|website=FilterCopy}}</ref> Sahore then portrayed Nilesh Sonawane aka Aamcha Spider in ''[[Escaype Live]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-trailer-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-starrer-web-series-brings-forth-the-dark-side-of-social-media-watch-101650973945860.html|title=Escaype Live trailer: Siddharth, Jaaved Jaaferi-starrer web series brings forth the dark side of social media. Watch|access-date=April 26, 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> ''[[News 18]]'' wrote, "Ritvik Sahore as Aamcha Spider, is effortless".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Escaype Live Review: Siddharth-Shweta Tripathi Series Is A Commendable Attempt|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/escaype-live-review-siddharth-shweta-tripathi-series-is-a-commendable-attempt-5216965.html|work=News18|access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> Sahore next portrayed Aarav Agarwal opposite Gayatri Bhhardwaj in ''Ishq Express''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ritvik Sahore shares his experience about working in Amazon Mini-TV's 'Ishq Express'|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/ritvik-sahore-shares-his-experience-about-working-in-ishq-express-408198|work=Tribune India|access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> ''[[Times of India]]'' noted, "Both Ritvik Sahore and Gayatri Bhardwaj give delightful performances. Ritvik is convincing as a small-town lad who is unsure of what he wants to do with his life".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ishq Express Season 1 Review: Ritvik Sahore and Gayatri Bhardwaj's voyage is worth taking|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/ishq-express/season-1/seasonreview/92359040.cms|work=Times of India|access-date=25 June 2022}}</ref> He then portrayed [[Finolex Group|Finolex]] founder Pralhad P. Chhabria in the award winning short film, ''Pralhad''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finolex launched Award-Winning sensational short film 'Pralhad' on YouTube; starring Ritvik Sahore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/ishq-express/season-1/seasonreview/92359040.cms|work=Outlook|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref>

In June 2023, he was seen in [[Manish Tiwary]]'s ''Chidiakhana'' alongside [[Avneet Kaur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor-Politician Ravi Kishan, Avneet Kaur, Ritvik Sahore, Rajeshwari Sachdev, Prashant Narayanan, Aanjjan Srivastav, Jayesh V. Kardak Attend Manish Tiwary's Chidiakhana's Press Conference |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/brand-focus/actor-politician-ravi-kishan-avneet-kaur-ritvik-sahore-rajeshwari-sachdev-prashant-narayanan-aanjjan-srivastav-jayesh-v-kardak-attend-manish-tiwary-s-chidiakhana-s-press-conference |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col"| Notes
! scope="col"| Ref.
|-
|2012
|''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''
|Kayoze "Kayo" Rustom Deboo
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari - Movie - - Box Office India|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=179&cityid=17&area=overseas|access-date=2020-07-07|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]''
|Teenage Omkar Singh Phogat
|
|<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Bhadani|first1=Priyanka|title=Dangal wasn't an easy screenplay|url=http://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/dangal-wasnt-an-easy-screenplay.html|magazine=The Week|access-date=22 May 2017|date=25 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''Gauru: Journey of Courage''
|Gauru
|
|
|-
|2019
|''To Remember Me By''
|Anand Sehgal
|rowspan="3"|Short film
|
|-
|2020
|''The Twist''
|Shlok
|
|-
|2022
|''Pralhad''
|Pralhad P. Chhabria
|{{cn|date=May 2025}}
|-
|2023
|''[[Chidiakhana]]''
|Sooraj
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |title=Chidiakhana: Official Trailer {{!}} Ritvik Sahore, Avneet Kaur {{!}} Video Trailer - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/videos/movie-promos/chidiakhana-official-trailer-ritvik-sahore-avneet-kaur/ |access-date=23 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col"| Notes
! scope="col"| Ref.
|-
|2017
|''[[The Good Karma Hospital]]''
|Atul Nadar
|Season 1; [[United Kingdom|English]] series
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johri|first=Vikram|title=A doctor tries to navigate India and cliches in TV show 'The Good Karma Hospital'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/848913/a-doctor-tries-to-navigate-india-and-cliches-in-tv-show-the-good-karma-hospital|access-date=2021-05-15|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col"| Notes
! scope="col"| Ref.
|-
|2017
|''[[Laakhon Mein Ek]]''
|Aakash
|Season 1
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/853846/biswa-kalyan-rath-all-humour-is-about-power-and-the-correct-usage-of-it|title=Biswa Kalyan Rath: 'All humour is about power and the correct usage of it'|website=Scroll.in|date=13 October 2017|first=Devarsi|last=Ghosh|access-date=2 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604183815/https://scroll.in/reel/853846/biswa-kalyan-rath-all-humour-is-about-power-and-the-correct-usage-of-it|archive-date=4 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2018-2023
|''[[Flames (web series)|Flames]]''
|Rajat "Rajjo" Bakshi
|4 seasons
|
|-
|2018
|''Awkward Conversations with Parents''
|Ishaan
|2 seasons
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2020
|''Awkward Conversations with Girlfriend''
|Ishaan
|
|
|-
|''Best Friends''
|Nikhil
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021
|''[[Indori Ishq]]''
|Kunal Marathe
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indori Ishq actor Ritvik Sahore on what he has learnt from co-stars Aamir Khan, Sharman Joshi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/indori-ishq-ritvik-sahore-what-he-has-learnt-from-aamir-khan-shweta-tripathi-7351489/|access-date=2021-07-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Matsya Kaand''
|Young Matsya
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|2022
|''[[Campus Diaries]]''
|Abhilash
|
|
|-
|''[[Escaype Live]]''
|Nilesh Sonawane / Aamcha Spider
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-10|title=EXCLUSIVE! Ritvik Sahore on playing a content creator in 'Escaype Live'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/ritvik-sahore-on-playing-a-content-creator-in-escaype-live/articleshow/91705798.cms#ip=1|access-date=25 May 2022|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Bro-Founders''
|Sachin
|
|
|-
|''[[Ishq Express]]''
|Aarav Agarwal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 reasons why Ritvik Sahore and Gayatri Bhhardwaj's Ishq Express is a must-watch|work=Firstpost|access-date=24 June 2022|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/5-reasons-why-ishq-express-is-a-must-watch-10829481.html/amp}}</ref>
|-
| 2023–present
|''[[Highway Love]]''
|Kartik
|
|
|-
|2024–present
|''[[Jamnapaar]]''
|Shanky Bansal
|
|
|}

===Music video appearances===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Singer
! scope="col"| Ref.
|-
|2019
|"Let's Crack It - Student Anthem"
|[[Naezy]], Dub Sharma
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Let's Crack It - Student Anthem {{!}} Naezy {{!}} Dub Sharma |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0ejQDKE4w8 |access-date=2023-06-29 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|"Yeh Saari Baat"
|[[Rochak Kohli]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rochak Kohli's Yeh Saari Baat Music Video - Ritvik Sahore and Srishti Ganguli Rindani|work=Rochak Kohli - Youtube|access-date=10 January 2020|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=S6MlMUFBr2o}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2013
|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Screen Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]]
|''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for 19th Annual Colors Screen Awards|url=http://www.screenindia.com/screenawards2013/nominations.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105015124/http://www.screenindia.com/screenawards2013/nominations.php|archivedate=2013-01-05}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|[[China|China International Children's Film Festival]]
|Best Performance
|''Gauru: Journey of Courage''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/pti-stories/gauru-wins-two-awards-at-international-film-fest-in-china-117120300367_1.html|title='Gauru: Journey of Courage' wins two awards at international film fest in China|website=Business Standard|access-date=4 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[IReel Awards]]
|Best Actor (Drama)
|''[[Laakhon Mein Ek]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/news18-ireel-awards-2018-check-out-the-complete-list-of-winners-here-1870033.html|title=News18 iReel Awards 2018: Check Out the Complete List of Winners Here|website=News18|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[[16th Mumbai International Film Festival|Mumbai International Film Festival]]
|Best Actor
|''To Remember Me By''
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catalogue MIFF 2020 {{!}} Mumbai International Film Festival|url=https://miff.in/competition/catalogue-2020/|access-date=2020-07-03|website=miff.in}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
|[[Indian Television Academy Awards|21st Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|rowspan="3"|Popular Actor – OTT
|''[[Indori Ishq]]''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Check Out The 21st Indian Television Academy Awards Winners List |url=https://www.theita2021.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110094223/http://www.theita2021.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=TheITA2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Indian Television Academy Awards|22nd Indian Television Academy Awards]]
|''Campus Diaries''
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=22nd Indian Television Academy Awards Nominations - Vote Now |access-date=9 September 2022 |work=Indian Television Academy Awards |url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Escaype Live]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|2024
|[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Series (Male): Drama
|''Jamnapaar''
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2024 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2024/vote#152 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|}

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|5057209}}

{{Portal bar|India|Television|Films}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahore, Ritvik}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]

Jhantipahari

2026-03-03T21:59:43Z

Pandit debotosh dey: adjusted structure for accuracy

{{More citations needed|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jhantipahari
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Jhanti-Pahari
| nickname = JPH
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.369744|N|86.902708|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.8876
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5326
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages*
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 722137
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03242
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chhatna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chhatna]]
| website = {{URL|bankura.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Jhantipahari''' (also written as Jhanti Pahari) is a [[census town]] in the [[Chhatna (community development block)|Chhatna]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Bankura Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Bankura district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=500| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|23|0|N|87|6|10|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places in Bankura Sadar subdivision in Bankura district''' M: municipal town/ city, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: hill centre, T: temple/ religious centre, B: barrage Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|19|48|N|87|13|12|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Beliatore| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Beliatore]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|25|48|N|87|16|48|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Barjora| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Barjora]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|26|44|N|87|15|8|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Ghutgarya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Ghutgarya]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|22|11|N|86|54|9|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Jhantipahari| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= Jhantipahari (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black 
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|15|0|N|87|4|12|E}}| label-pos5=right |label5=Bankura| numbered5=M| mark-title5 =[[Bankura]] (M)| shape-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|16|34|N|86|59|52|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=Achuri| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Achuri]] (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|23|50|N|87|6|32|E}}| label-pos7=right|label7=Amarkanan| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Amarkanan]] (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|15|45|N|87|5|32|E}}| label-pos8=left|label8=Bikna| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Bikna]] (R)| shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|18|6|N|86|58|57|E}}| label-pos9=right|label9=Chhatna| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Chhatna]] (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|28|12|N|87|7|48|E}}| label-pos10=left|label10=Durlabhpur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Durlabhpur]] (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|25|12|N|87|7|12|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11=Gangajalghati| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Gangajalghati]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|18|51|N|87|5|38|E}}| label-pos12=right|label12=Kanchanpur| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Kanchanpur, Bankura]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|28|30|N|87|13|22|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Maliara| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Maliara]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|6|22|N|87|11|5|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Medinipur| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Medinipur, Bankura]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|34|12|N|87|6|0|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15=Mejia| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Mejia, Bankura]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|10|9|N|87|9|48|E}}| label-pos16=left|label16=Murakata| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Murakata]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|8|31|N|87|12|7|E}}| label-pos17=left|label17=Onda| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Onda, Bankura]] (R)| shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|24|33|N|87|22|35|E}}| label-pos18=left|label18=Pakhanna| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Pakhanna]] (R)| shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|12|48|N|87|1|8|E}}| label-pos19=left|label19=Puabagan| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Puabagan]] (R)| shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|10|53|N|86|48|33|E}}| label-pos20=right|label20=Saldiha| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Saldiha]] (R)| shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|31|59|N|86|55|59|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21=Saltora| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Saltora]] (R)| shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|24|0|N|86|59|0|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22=Susunia| numbered22=H| mark-title22= [[Susunia]] (H)| shape-color22=#87410E
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|34|29|N|86|55|57|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=Biharinath| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Biharinath]] (H)| shape-color23=#87410E
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|9|55|N|87|14|20|E}} | label-pos24=top|label24=Bahulara| numbered24=T| mark-title24= [[Bahulara Ancient Temple]] (T) |shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|12|38|N|87|5|31|E}} | label-pos25=bottom|label25=Ekteswar| numbered25=T| mark-title25= [[Ekteswar]] (T) |shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|12|52|N|87|7|22|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Sonatapal| numbered26=T| mark-title26= [[Sonatapal]] (T) |shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|20|48|N|87|18|12|E}} | label-pos27=top|label27=Jagannathpur| numbered27=T| mark-title27= [[Jagannathpur, Bankura]] (T) |shape-color27=#AA6666
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.4754|87.3023}}| label28= Durgapur|labela28= Barrage| label-color28 = #C42222 | label-angle28=0| label-pos28=right| label-size28=10| mark-size28=12| numbered28=B|mark-title28 =[[Durgapur Barrage]]| shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.5088|87.2418}}| label29=Damodar River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=40| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.3028|86.8958}}| label30=Dwarakeswar| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=70| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none
|mark-coord31={{coord|23.2488|86.9318}}| label31= River| label-color31 = #77A1CB| label-angle31=20| label-pos31=top| label-size31=10| mark-size31=0| mark-title31 =none}}

===Location===
Jhantipahari is located at {{coord|23.369744|N|86.902708|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows the Bankura Sadar subdivision of Bankura district. Physiographically, this area is part of the Bankura Uplands in the west gradually merging with the Bankura-Bishnupur Rarh Plains in the north-east. The western portions are characterised by undulating terrain with many hills and ridges. The area is having a gradual descent from the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The soil is [[laterite]] red and hard beds are covered with scrub jungle and [[Shorea robusta|sal]] wood. Gradually it gives way to just uneven rolling lands but the soil continues to be lateritic. There are coal mines in the northern part, along the [[Damodar River]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura |work = pages 13-17 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 23 April 2020}}</ref> It is a predominantly rural area with 89% of the population living in rural areas and only 11% living in the urban areas.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Hanbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Table 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 23 April 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jhanti Pahari had a total population of 5,326, of which 2,726 (51%) were males and 2,600 (49%) were females. There were 562 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Jhanti Pahari was 3,682 (77.29% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 14 April 2020}}</ref>

.*For language details see [[Chhatna (community development block)#Language and religion]]

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Bankura'', Jhanti Pahari covered an area of 3.8876 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 6 km roads with both open and covered drains, the protected water supply involved tap water from treated sources, tubewell/ borehole. It has almost every household with electric connections. Among the medical facilities it has 1 hospital, 3 dispensary/ Clinics, 1 Pathology Lab, 7 medicine shops including 1 MEDPLUS shop. Among the educational facilities it has 3 Govt primary schools, 2 Private Primary School,1 Secondary school, 1 Higher Secondary school, the nearest general degree college at [[Chhatna]], [[Bankura]] 23  km away. Among the social cultural and recreational facilities, it had 1 cinema theatre, It has 1 public library with 1 reading room, Among annual Sports Events mainly Yuva Utsav. - A Sports & Culture Event, Jhantipahari Champions Trophy - a Cricket event, A Yearly Volleyball Event, a yearly Gully Cricket Night event. Three important commodities it produced were rice, mustard oil, flour. It has the branch offices of 1 private commercial bank and 1 non-agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1429-1434; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 1429; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1430; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1431; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Page 1432; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1432; Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 7 April 2020}}</ref>

It had 7 sports ground, 11 temples. Else there are 1 Police Out Post, 10 mills Including Rice and Oil Mills, 1 cement factory, 6 Poltry firms, 2 fish-veri, 2 Clothing Wholesaler & 2 Grocery Retailer shop along with more than 70 variety shops, 2 Bike Showrooms, 5 dhaba hotel,1 Restaurant, 7 Sweet shops, 6 Garages. It has the branch office of 1 private commercial bank, ATM, tathya seva kendra, 1 gramin bank and 1 non-agricultural credit society. The Jhatipahari high school had achieved a Madhyamik board-stand record of 9th position in 2006.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==Economy==
This village has very large contribution as Rice mill, Mustard Oil mill, Fish & various vegetables cultivation, Poltry firm factory inside the district. Once there were ongoing approx 21 Mills at a high level of production that is being supplied across bankura and some neighbour districts during 1990 - 2008. One of the popular mill is Kamala rice mill and popular item that the village produced here is Hiramoti oil. Currently this village has well developed in some essential aspects like Education, Banking and finance, Cultivation, Transport.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==Transport==
[[Jhantipahari railway station]] is on the [[Kharagpur-Bankura-Adra line]] of South Eastern Railway.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/midnapore-adra-memu-68089-mdn-to-adra/21528/952/956 |title = 68089 Midnapore-Adra Memu |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 14 April 2020}}</ref>

Jhantipahari Bus stand that connects Bankura-Raniganj-Saotaldihi, Bankura-Kashipur, Bankura-Kampalpur-Purulia regions.
A huge commercial commuters used for an Iron Factory situated nearby in Jorhira for transporting Iron Raw materials via rail station to factory warehouse. Private taxies, auto rickshaws, hand rickshaws are available to make public transport more suitable across the village.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==Education==
Jhantipahari High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1945. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. The school has 12 computers, a library with 500 books and a playground.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/bankura/19130406204/jhantipahari-h-s.html |title = Jhantipahari HS |publisher= Schools.org.in| access-date = 4 May 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Jhantipahari.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 14 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bankura District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bankura district]]

Thrill (2008 film)

2026-03-03T21:32:44Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made a article needs work...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Thrill
| image =
| caption =
| director = B Venugopal
| producer = N Ramprasad
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] Anoop Kumar
| music = S Rajendran M V Prabhath
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = A R Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2008|07|25|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}
'''''Thrill''''' is a 2008 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]-language film directed by B Venugopal starring newcomers. The film follows a group of youngsters who are willing to do anything for money.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-thrill-to-thrill-hindi-news-38554|title=A Thrill to thrill – Bollywood News|date=15 May 2008|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

==Cast==

* [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Rahul
* Anoop Kumar as Aneesh Thampan
*Saradha
* Prajoosha
*Pooja Vijayan
* [[Anil Murali]]
* [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]]
* [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]]
*[[Kanakalatha]]
* Ramesh
*Sreekutty

==Reception==
''Nowrunning'' wrote that "Yet another supposedly gripping time-killer. Yet another plot filled with holes wide enough for you to fall through. Yet another miserable opportunity to squander away one and a half hours of your life".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/5130/malayalam/thrill/1719/review.htm|title=Thrill Review | Thrill Malayalam Movie Review by Veeyen|date=27 July 2008|website=NOWRUNNING}}</ref> ''Indiaglitz'' wrote that "If you are wholly prepared for the amazing, unrelenting horridness of a movie, just have a watch. It will certainly better your patience levels, with the ample display of stupidity and lunacy".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/thrill-review-malayalam-movie-10194|title=Thrill review. Thrill Malayalam movie review, story, rating|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:2008 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Katha Venuka Katha

2026-03-03T09:18:41Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Adding details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Katha Venuka Katha
| image = Katha Venuka Katha.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Krishna Chaithanya
| writer = Krishna Chaithanya
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Dandamudi Avanindra Kumar
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Viswant Duddumpudi]]
*Srijitha Ghoush
*Subha Sri
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing = Amar Reddy Kudumula
| music = Shravan Bharadwaj
| studio = Dandamudi Box Office
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2023|5|12|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Katha Venuka Katha''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[crime film|crime]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Krishna Chaithanya and starring [[Viswant Duddumpudi]], Srijitha Ghosh and Subha Sri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/katha-venuka-katha-will-be-a-big-hit-this-april-2023-avanindra-kumar/articleshow/98868064.cms |title='Katha Venuka Katha' will be a big hit this April 2023: Avanindra Kumar |date=21 March 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/katha-venuka-katha-first-look-unveiled |title=‘Katha Venuka Katha’ first look unveiled |date=2 December 2022 |website=Telugu Cinema}}</ref>

The film was released theatrically on 12 May 2023 to mixed reception.

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Feb/17/the-teaser-of-katha-venuka-katha-is-here-40096.html |title=The teaser of Katha Venuka Katha is here |first=Abhilasha |last=Cherukuri |date=17 February 2023 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
{{Cast listing|
*[[Viswant Duddumpudi]] as Ashwin
*Srijitha Ghoush
*Subha Sri
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
*[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]
*[[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]]
*[[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]]
*[[Raghu Babu]]
*[[Satyam Rajesh]]
*[[Madhunandan]]
*Bupal
*[[Khayyum]]
*''Ee Rojullo'' Sai
*Rupa
}}

== Soundtrack ==
*"Muchharaithadi"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/katha-venuka-katha-song-promo-muchharaithadi/videoshow/98476381.cms |title=Katha Venuka Katha | Song Promo - Muchharaithadi |website=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-date=9 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309102142/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/katha-venuka-katha-song-promo-muchharaithadi/videoshow/98476381.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Release ==
Initially, ''Katha Venuka Katha'' was scheduled to be released on 24 March 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://telanganatoday.com/katha-venuka-katha-to-release-on-march-24 |title=‘Katha Venuka Katha’ to release on March 24 |date=21 March 2023 |website=Telangana Today |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321162433/https://telanganatoday.com/katha-venuka-katha-to-release-on-march-24 |url-status=live}}</ref> however the release was postponed<ref>{{cite news |title=Katha Venuka Katha : కథ వెనుక కథ విడుద‌ల వాయిదా.. కొత్త డేట్‌ త్వరలో ప్రకటన.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/katha-venuka-katha-movie-postponed-here-are-the-details-sr-1678534.html |work=[[News18 Telugu]] |date=22 March 2023 |language=te}}</ref> and it was released theatrically on 12 May 2023. The post-theatrical digital streaming rights of the film were acquired by [[ETV Win]] and the film had its digital premiere on 28 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sunil-starrer-telugu-film-katha-venuka-katha-makes-ott-debut-8844067.html |title=Sunil-starrer Telugu Film Katha Venuka Katha Makes OTT Debut |website=News18 |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412211441/https://www.news18.com/movies/sunil-starrer-telugu-film-katha-venuka-katha-makes-ott-debut-8844067.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]'' wrote that Chaithanya is somewhat successful in making the film interesting and that the way he revealed each twist in the second half and thrilled the audience is good.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/katha-venuka-katha-movie-review-telugu-1621421 |title='Katha Venuka Katha' Movie Review in Telugu - Sakshi |website=sakshi.com |language=te |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603095435/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/katha-venuka-katha-movie-review-telugu-1621421 |url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[TV9 Telugu]]'' called the film a decent crime thriller.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/sunil-vishwanath-katha-venuka-katha-movie-full-review-1216638.html |title=Katha Venuka Katha: కథ వెనక కథ మూవీ రివ్యూ.. సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే |date=30 March 2024 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|23952060}}

[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 crime thriller films]]

2026 Pune Challenger

2026-03-01T13:28:20Z

Pandit debotosh dey: put up basic info needs work - done

{{Infobox tennis event|2026|Pune Challenger|
| date= 23 February – 1 March
| edition=10th
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| location=[[Pune]], India
| champs={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà]]
| champd={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Nam Ji-sung]] / {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Patrik Niklas-Salminen]]
}}

The '''2026 [[Pune Challenger]]''' was a professional tennis tournament played on [[hardcourt]]s. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the [[2026 ATP Challenger Tour]]. It took place in [[Pune]], India from 23 February to 1 March 2026.

==Singles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="175"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-
|{{flag|ARG}}
|[[Federico Agustín Gómez]]
|182
|1
|-
|{{flag|GBR}}
|[[Jay Clarke (tennis)|Jay Clarke]]
|185
|2
|-
|
|[[Ilia Simakin]]
|214
|3
|-
|{{flag|GBR}}
|[[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|Oliver Crawford]]
|215
|4
|-
|{{flag|POR}}
|[[Frederico Ferreira Silva]]
|224
|5
|-
|{{flag|ITA}}
|[[Federico Cinà]]
|225
|6
|-
|{{flag|JPN}}
|[[Rio Noguchi]]
|250
|7
|-
|{{flag|LTU}}
|[[Edas Butvilas]]
|254
|8
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 16 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles|title=Rankings | Singles | ATP Tour | Tennis|website=ATP Tour}}</ref>

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Singh (tennis)|Karan Singh]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} Aditya Vishal Balsekar

The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* {{flagicon|}} [[Ilya Ivashka]]

The following player received entry into the singles main draw through the Next Gen Accelerator programme:
* {{flagicon|ITA}} Lorenzo Carboni

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura]]
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Maks Kaśnikowski]]
* {{flagicon|JPN}} Takuya Kumasaka
* {{flagicon|MAS}} Mitsuki Wei Kang Leong
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yusuke Takahashi]]
* {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Tung-lin]]

The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alexandr Binda]]
* {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Tsung-hao]]
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Jordà Sanchis]]

==Champions==

===Singles===
{{main|2026 Pune Challenger – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Federico Cinà]]''' def. {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill]] 6–3, 5–7, 7–6(7–1).

===Doubles===
{{main|2026 Pune Challenger – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|KOR}} '''[[Nam Ji-sung]]''' / {{flagicon|FIN}} '''[[Patrik Niklas-Salminen]]''' def. {{flagicon|THA}} [[Pruchya Isaro]] / {{flagicon|IND}} [[Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha]] 6–4, 6–7(1–7), [10–7].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2026 ATP Challenger Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune Challenger, 2026}}
[[Category:2026 ATP Challenger Tour]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2026]]
[[Category:February 2026 sports events in India]]
[[Category:March 2026 sports events in India]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian sport]]

Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)

2026-02-28T08:32:50Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name= Democratic Socialist Party
|party_logo= File:DSP-flag.svg
| abbreviation= DSP, DSP(PC)
| colorcode = #FF0000
| founder = [[Prabodh Chandra Sinha]]
| secretary = Hrishikesh Paria
| loksabha_leader =
| rajyasabha_leader =
| foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1981|07|17}}
| dissolution = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|2025|11|23}}
| eci = State Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
| alliance = [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] (1982-2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30250849.ece|title=What is the Left Front?|publisher=The Hindu Frontline|access-date=24 Feb 2026}}</ref>
| position = [[Left-wing]]
| merged = [[All India Forward Bloc]]
| ideology = [[Democratic socialism]]
| colours = Red {{Colorsample|#FF0000}}
| headquarters = 63, Ananda Palit Road, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]-700014
| publication =
| flag =
| website =
}}
[[File:Dspmötekolkata.JPG|thumb|right|DSP-meeting in Kolkata]]

'''Democratic Socialist Party''' ('''DSP''') was a [[Democratic socialism|Democratic Socialist]] [[political party]] in [[India]]. The party was formed in 1981 when H.N Bahuguna came out of the then Janata Party and took the lead in forming it. The party was formed when the Bengali [[socialists]], who had been part of [[Janata Party]], were divided in two in the beginning of the 1980s. The other faction became the [[West Bengal Socialist Party]]. Afterwards, DSP merged with [[All India Forward Bloc]] on 23 November 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/dsp-leaders-join-forward-bloc-within-left-front-prnt/cid/1649665|title=ফ ব-তে যোগ ডিএসপি নেতাদের|publisher=|access-date=22 Feb 2026}}</ref>

DSP was a part of the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] in [[West Bengal]]. The party leader Prabodh Chandra Sinha, was a Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the state government. Sinha was elected to the state assembly in 2001 as an independent candidate from the [[Egra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Egra]] constituency. At that time DSP was not registered with the [[Election Commission of India]]. Later on, the party was once again registered, under the name '''Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)'''.The party has influence in parts of East Midnapore and West Midnapore. DSP had tried to contact the [[Socialist International]], but have been denied membership on the grounds that they are a regional party.

DSP won the [[Pingla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pingla]] constituency seat in the 2011 assembly poll in West Bengal as party's candidate Prof. Prabodh Sinha won the seat as Left Front candidate. The party's other candidate Prof. Hrishikesh Paria lost the Egra seat in East Midnapore. DSP has a zilla parishad seat in East Midnapore district. It has a municipal seat in the Egra municipality as of 2009 municipal polls. In 2010 Kolkata Municipal polls, the party was allotted 2 seats to contest as a LF partner in Ward Nos. 45 & 72 respectively. It lost both of them. It has won a Zilla Parishad seat in East Midnapore in 2008 panchayet polls.
The party believes in the ideals of Jayaprakash Narain, Ram Manohar Lohia and Narendra Dev. Prabodh Sinha has won the Pingla seat in 2011 but the party has lost the Egra seat.

DSP merged with [[All India Forward Bloc]] on 23 November 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/dsp-leaders-join-forward-bloc-within-left-front-prnt/cid/1649665|title=ফ ব-তে যোগ ডিএসপি নেতাদের|publisher=|access-date=22 Feb 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Indian political parties}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041012030108/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/pollupd/ac/states/S25/Aconst213.htm Election results from Egra]

[[Category:Political parties in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in India]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1981]]

Sanmilita Gana Shakti

2026-02-15T07:06:29Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{short description|Political party in Assam, India}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = Sanmilita Gana Shakti
| abbreviation = SGS
| colorcode = #B7032E
| party_logo =
| flag =
| president = [[Paramananda Chayengia]]
| secretary =
| ppchairman =
| foundation =
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex=#B7032E}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex=#B7032E}}
| state_seats_name = [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|126|hex=#B7032E}}
| state2_seats_name = [[Mising Autonomous Council]]
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|29|36|hex=#B7032E}}
| ideology =
| headquarters =
| eci = Regional Party
| symbol =
| website = {{URL|https://sanmilitaganashaktiasom.org/}}
}}

The '''Sanmilita Gana Shakti''' (SGS) is a regional [[political party]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-04-08 |title=Riding on the crest of hope |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/assembly-elections-2011/assam/riding-on-the-crest-of-hope/articleshow/7905837.cms |access-date=2025-02-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It was founded in 2005 as part of anti-dam movements among the Mising people.<ref name="SGA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/once-a-leftist-leader-now-bjp-candidate-for-dhemaji-bypoll-117040701093_1.html|title=Once a leftist leader, now BJP candidate for Dhemaji bypoll|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=7 April 2017|last=[[Press Trust of India]]|first=|access-date= 4 January 2026}}</ref> Founder [[Ranoj Pegu]] joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in 2017, and was included in the [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance]] government of [[Assam]].<ref name="SGA"/><ref name="Scroll">{{Cite web |last=Saikia |first=Arunabh |date=2021-03-24 |title=Assam's small ethnic groups dumped BJP over CAA. The party wooed them back – not just for elections |url=https://scroll.in/article/990118/assams-small-ethnic-groups-dumped-bjp-over-caa-the-party-wooed-them-back-not-just-for-elections |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> The party is led by [[Paramananda Chayengia]], who is the chief executive councilor of the [[Mising Autonomous Council]].<ref name="sentinel">{{Cite web|date=21 November 2025|title=Sanmilita Gana Shakti Asom Marks 20th Foundation Day; Plans to Field Candidates in 2026 Polls|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/sanmilita-ganashakti-asom-marks-20th-foundation-day-plans-to-field-candidates-in-2026-polls|author=Sentinel Digital Desk|access-date=4 February 2026|website=[[The Sentinel (Guwahati)]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Times-of-India">{{Cite web|date=10 January 2025|title=Arunachal CM urges people to take pride in tribal identity|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/arunachal-cm-urges-people-to-take-pride-in-tribal-identity/articleshow/117129258.cms|last=Ete|first=Joken|access-date=4 February 2026|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
In 2005, the "Sanmilita Gana Mancha" party was formed out of "Sanmilita Janagosthiya Samanyar Akshay Samiti" political convention, which was held in [[Dhemaji District|Gogamukh]] with the representatives from the area covering [[Mising Autonomous Council]]. It was later renamed as “Sanmilita Gana-Shakti”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jyoti Pegu |first=Bhaskar |title=Chapter-8 Autonomy Movements and Demand Sixth Schedule in Assam: A Study of Autonomy Movement of the Misings |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340273019 |journal=ResearchGate |volume=3 |pages=149, 150}}</ref>

==Party leadership==
[[Paramananda Chayengia]] is the president and Sunil Kumar Pegu is the executive president. Hiranya Dutta, Raju Khanikar and Purushottam Doley are general secretaries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sentinel |date=2023-03-11 |title=6th triennial session of Sanmilita Gana Shakti, Asom kickstarts |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/6th-triennial-session-of-sanmilita-gana-shakti-asom-kickstarts-640792 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
In the 2019 election, Sanmilita Gana Shakti won 29 of the 36 seats in the [[Mising Autonomous Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-29 |title=Assam: BJP, Allies Win Mising, Rabha Hasong, Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council Elections |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/assam-bjp-allies-win-mising-rabha-hasong-sonowal-kachari-autonomous-council-elections-3547828/ |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Ranoj Pegu]] was a perennial candidate in the [[Lok Sabha]] elections from [[Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency|Lakhimpur]] constituency.<ref name="SGA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/once-a-leftist-leader-now-bjp-candidate-for-dhemaji-bypoll-117040701093_1.html|title=Once a leftist leader, now BJP candidate for Dhemaji bypoll|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|date=7 April 2017|last=[[Press Trust of India]]|first=|access-date= 4 January 2026}}</ref><ref name="SGA2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/dissidence-muddies-cong-hopes-ranee-narah-has-her-task-cut-out-in-lakhimpur-against-sarma-pegu/cid/637193|title=Dissidence muddies Cong hopes - Ranee Narah has her task cut out in Lakhimpur against Sarma & Pegu|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date= 22 April 2009|first=Ripunjoy|last=Das|access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian political parties}}
{{North-East Democratic Alliance}}
{{National Democratic Alliance |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Bodoland]]
[[Category:Political parties in Assam]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2005]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Assam]][[Category:Member parties of the National Democratic Alliance]]

Sarbat Khalsa (1986)

2026-02-13T03:11:45Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|Sikh community, as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs}}{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
[[File:GURUDWARA SRI AKAL TAKHT SAHIB.jpg|thumb|The 1986 Sarbat Khalsa gathering at the [[Akal Takht]] on [[Vaisakhi]] (13 April 1986)]]
The '''Sarbat Khalsa of 1986''' was one congregation of the [[Khalsa|Guru Khalsa Panth]], including the [[Damdami Taksal]], [[Akal Takht]], Panthic Committee (Manochahal), Panthic Committee (Zaffarwal), [[Kharku|Kharku Sikhs]], Tarna Dal (Hariabelan), Tarna Dal (Baba Bakala), Bidhi Chand Dal and the Shiromani Budha Dal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Amandeep |title=Subverting A Popular Movement: How The Sarbat Khalsa Was Hijacked By Radical Sikh Bodies |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/sarbat-khalsa-hijacked-by-radical-sikh-bodies |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=The Caravan |language=en}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=July 2023}}

== Events ==
[[File:Bhai_sahib.jpg|thumb|402x402px|[[Jathedar]] [[Gurdev Singh Kaunke]] standing with his sword in front of the [[Golden Temple]] during the [[Sarbat Khalsa]]. Karnail Dhanna Singh is standing beside him.]]
The Sarbat Khalsa was declared on 16 January 1986 by the Damdami Taksal and the Kharku organizations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-11-11 |title=Sarbat Khalsa has many similarities with Sikhs' congregation held in January 1986 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/sarbat-khalsa-has-many-similarities-with-sikhs-congregation-held-in-january-1986/articleshow/49742401.cms |access-date=2023-06-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On 19 January, Surjit Singh Barnala's [[Barnala Jatha]] along with the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] [[Operation Black Thunder|attacked the Golden Temple]], and 200 shots were fired in the complex towards them and away from them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarbat Khalsa: An 18th-century strategic Sikh plenary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/sarbat-khalsa-an-18th-century-strategic-sikh-plenary-2355312-2023-04-03 |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Afterwards far more support had arrived for the Sarbat Khalsa, they occupied the offices of the Damdami Taksal.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} On 20 January they were expelled by the Kharkus at gunpoint.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=Sikh Siyasat |date=2015-12-14 |title=Resolutions of the Sarbat Khalsa 1986 [Copy of the Resolutions] |url=https://sikhsiyasat.net/resolutions-of-the-sarbat-khalsa-1986-copy-of-the-resolutions/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=Sikh Siyasat News |language=en}}</ref> The Sarbat Khalsa's official date was 13 April 1986, on [[Vaisakhi]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

The [[Sarbat Khalsa]] was hosted by the Panj Pyare who went as the Panthic Committee. They were [[Gurdev Singh Kaunke|Jathedar Gurdev Singh Kaunke]], [[Gurbachan Singh Manochahal|Baba Gurbachan Singh Manochahal]], Karnail Dhanna Singh, Jarnail Aroor Singh and Jarnail Wassan Singh Zaffarwal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-12 |title=SAD core committee rejects radical Sarbat Khalsa resolutions |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sad-core-committee-rejects-radical-sarbat-khalsa-resolutions/story-1UDOY93KUtKJujgibo9fJP.html |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> During the Sarbat Khalsa an official declaration of [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan]] was made and the [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|War for Khalistan]] against the Indian and Pakistani Governments was announced to the congregation of 600,000 Sikh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Kanwar |date=2015-11-16 |title=In Nov 10 Sarbat Khalsa, Angry Voices From the Past Echo in Punjab |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/in-nov-10-sarbat-khalsa-angry-voices-from-the-past-echo-in-punjab |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> Further an official army to fight for Khalistan was created. It was the [[Khalistan Commando Force]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Punjab |first=Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVTMqlezIrwC&dq=sarbat+khalsa+1986&pg=PA47 |title=Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab : Final Report |date=2003 |publisher=Sikh Students Federation |isbn=978-99933-53-57-7 |pages=47 |language=en}}</ref> The dissolution of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]] was also announced.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WMsqBwAAQBAJ&dq=sarbat+khalsa+1986&pg=PT84 |title=Ethnic Subnationalist Insurgencies in South Asia: Identities, Interests and Challenges to State Authority |date=2015-03-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-55705-0 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] held a Sarbat Khalsa in Anandpur Sahib in protest to the Sarbat Khalsa in Amritsar and the Mahimanas (guests) included [[Bimal Kaur Khalsa|Bibi Bimal Kaur Khalsa]], Sant Thakur Singh Bhindranwale and [[Simranjit Singh Mann]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-13 |title=Aftermath of the Sarbat Khalsa: What the crisis in Punjab means for SAD |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/aftermath-of-the-sarbat-khalsa-what-the-crisis-in-punjab-means-for-sad/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> After the Panj Pyare and the Mahimanas met and devised a plan for the betterment of the Guru Khalsa Panth and Sikh Qaum, all their Gurmattas were announced on loudspeaker to the entire congregation by Baba Gurbachan Singh Manochahal.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} Generally all [[Sikhs]] wore [[Saffron (color)|Kesri]] turbans, along with long Kirpans and other weapons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline of incidents in Punjab (Jan to Dec 1986) {{!}} KEM |url=https://www.khalistanextremismmonitor.org/timeline/year-1986 |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=Khalistan Extremism Monitor |language=en}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2023}}

After the [[Gurmata]] came of the declaration of the [[Khalistan movement|Khalistan Liberation War]] and the Khalistan Confederacy the entire [[Gur Sangat]] was made to oblige to them, they gave Jaikaras and raised their swords and guns in the air in celebration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxpBDwAAQBAJ&q=sarbat+khalsa+1986 |title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements |date=2010-03-11 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5150-953-0 |language=en}}</ref> Multiple new war cries also came up such as "[[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale|Bhindranwale Sant Sipahi]], Sarkara nu janda Jhatkai" and "[[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Beant Satwant]] Zindabad".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malcolm |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMUKAAAAYAAJ&q=sarbat+khalsa+1986 |title=Sketch of the Sikhs: A Singular Nation, who Inhabit the Provinces of the Penjab, Situated Between the Rivers Jumna and Indus |date=1812 |publisher=J. Murray |language=en}}</ref> They also declared the Tankhaiya of [[Akali Santa Singh|Jathedar Santa Singh Nihang]], and Jathedar Amrik Singh Nihang was made the new Jathedar of the Budha Dal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mandair |first=Arvind-Pal Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUIWDAEACAAJ |title=Sikhism |date=2017-10-27 |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-94-024-0845-4 |language=en}}</ref> Jathedar Kirpal Singh was also boycotted from the Akal Takht.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Gurharpal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IctVEAAAQBAJ&q=sarbat+khalsa+1986 |title=Sikh Nationalism |last2=Shani |first2=Giorgio |date=2021-11-25 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-009-21344-8 |language=en}}</ref> There was also a formation of four Panthic Committees, the Panthic Committee (Manochahal), Dooja Panthic Committee, Panthic Committee (Zaffarwal) and Panthic Committee (Babbar). They also declared rebuilding of the [[Akal Takht]] and destroyed the earlier structure, due to the earlier one being done by the Indian Government and was known as the 'Sarkar Takht'. Behind the Akal Takht the Sikhs did a 22 gun salute, one more than the President's gun salute, to show their dominance over India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mansukhani |first=Gobind Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6-_NiplDcwC&q=sarbat+khalsa+1986 |title=Introduction to Sikhism |date=1993 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=978-81-7010-181-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Punjab |first=Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVTMqlezIrwC&dq=sarbat+khalsa+1986&pg=PA47 |title=Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab : Final Report |date=2003 |publisher=Sikh Students Federation |isbn=978-99933-53-57-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Kuldeep |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xH3p7kV97AC&dq=sarbat+khalsa+1986&pg=PA100 |title=Akali Dal in Punjab Politics: Splits and Mergers |date=1999 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7629-128-6 |language=en}}</ref>

After the Sarbat Khalsa, [[Operation Search]] was conducted on the 30 April 1986, they found no militants and one policeman was killed. They were only able to find one .12 bore shotgun and two Mausers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Pashaura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IXutzgEACAAJ |title=Exploring Sikh Traditions and Heritage |date=2021-08-26 |publisher=MDPI AG |isbn=978-3-0365-1783-4 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Khalistan movement}}
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Sikh politics]]
[[Category:1980s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:1986 in India]]

Sarika Kale

2026-02-11T07:11:38Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made new entry and citations

{{short description|Indian kho kho sportswoman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sarikaa Kale and Kishan katariya
| implies =
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = Umbre Kota village, [[Osmanabad district]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Kho-Kho player
| years_active = 2006–present
| known_for = Captain of India women's national kho kho team
| awards = [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] (2016) [[Arjuna Award]] (2020)
| notable_works =
}}
'''Sarika Kale''' is an Indian [[kho kho]] player from [[Maharashtra]]. She became the captain of the Maharashtra women's state kho kho team in 2010, leading the team to three national championships. Selected for the India women's national kho kho team in 2015, she was named captain of the team before the [[2016 South Asian Games]]. She led the team to victory in the South Asian Games and in the Third Asian Kho-Kho Championship, where she received the match winner award in the final against Bangladesh.

Coming from a poor family in the [[Osmanabad district]], Kale struggled financially for years due to unemployment. Her achievements in kho kho have been recognised by the [[Government of Maharashtra]] and the [[Government of India]]. She was the recipient of her state's [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] in 2016 and the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The sports star who could afford just one meal a day|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-56094393|access-date=2021-02-23}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Kale was born in Umbre Kota village, [[Osmanabad district]], Maharashtra.<ref name="Sakal2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.esakal.com/marathwada/osmanabad-news-sarika-kale-announce-arjuna-award-335413|title=मराठवाड्यासाठी गौरवास्पद : उस्मानाबादच्या सारिका काळेला अर्जुन पुरस्कार जाहीर |date=19 August 2020 |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=[[Sakal]] |last=Jadhvar |first=Tanaji |language=Marathi}}</ref> Hers was a very poor family and her father, mother, and grandmother made efforts to support her sporting career.<ref name="Sakal2020" /> She attended Shripatrao Bhosale High School in [[Osmanabad]] from first to twelfth grade, and attended Terna Mahavidyalaya in the city for her undergraduate programme.<ref name="Sakal2020" /> She received her postgraduate degree from Arts Science and Commerce College, [[Naldurg]].<ref name="Sakal2020" />

In 2016, she was struggling financially even as the captain of the national team and approached the [[Airports Authority of India]] for a job.<ref name="MidDay2016">{{Cite news |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/indias-kho-kho-team-captain-sarika-is-jobless/17003157 |title=India's Kho-Kho Team Captain Sarika Is Jobless |date=4 March 2016 |access-date=19 August 2020 |last=Mayure |first=Subodh |work=[[Mid-Day]]}}</ref> She had also applied for a job in the [[Indian Railways]] in 2014 without success.<ref name="MidDay2016" />

== Career ==
Kale developed interest in kho kho and started playing it at the age of 10.<ref name="Kreedon2019">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kreedon.com/top-5-famous-kho-kho-players-2019/ |title=India's Top 5 Famous Kho Kho Players in 2019 |publisher=Kreedon.com |date=15 April 2019 |access-date=19 August 2020 |last=Sharma |first=Nandini}}</ref> Kho kho is one of the popular traditional sports of India, played across the country.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Britannica Guide to India |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |isbn=9781593398477 |year=2009 |publisher=[[Constable & Robinson]] |page=360}}</ref> Kale was selected for the Maharashtra women's state kho kho team in 2006 and has participated in 25 different national championships and tournaments with the team.<ref name="Sakal2020" /><ref name="Kreedon2019" /> She became the captain of the state team in 2010 and led it to three national championships.<ref name="Loksatta2020">{{Cite news |url=https://www.loksatta.com/maharashtra-news/maharashtra-girl-sarika-kale-wins-arjuna-award-for-kho-kho-vjb-91-2250281/ |title=मराठमोळ्या सारिका काळेला अर्जुन पुरस्कार जाहीर |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=19 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |language=Marathi}}</ref>

In 2015, Kale joined the national team of India and was named captain of the team in 2016. The India team won the gold medal at the [[Kho-Kho at the 2016 South Asian Games|2016 South Asian Games]], held at [[Guwahati]].<ref name="Sakal2020" /> At the Third Asian Kho-Kho Championship at [[Indore]] in April 2016, her team defeated Bangladesh in the final match by a score of 26–16, with Kale winning the match winner award. She received a cash prize of {{INR}}51,000 for her performance in the championship.<ref name="HindustanTimes2016">{{Cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/indore/indore-indian-teams-clinch-asian-kho-kho-championship-title/story-mWqoWV3Hq4kFzgeQ6YZOlO.html |title=Indore: Indian teams clinch Asian Kho Kho championship title |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=10 April 2016 |access-date=20 August 2020 |location=Indore}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Kale has received numerous awards and recognition, including the [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] from the Government of Maharashtra.<ref name="Sakal2020" /><ref name="Loksatta2020" /> She was appointed Sports Officer of [[Tuljapur Tahsil]] after her success in the South Asian Games in 2016.<ref name="Sakal2020" /> In 2020, she received the [[Arjuna Award]] from the Government of India's [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] in recognition of her achievements. She is the first woman athlete from the [[Marathwada region]] of Maharashtra to win the Arjuna Award,<ref name="Sakal2020" /> and the first kho kho player to win the award in 22 years; the last kho kho player to win the award was Shoba Narayan in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yas.nic.in/arjun-award-winners-kho-kho |title=Arjun Award Winners for "Kho Kho" |access-date=20 August 2020 |publisher=[[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] |website=Yas.nic.in}}</ref> [[Sudhanshu Mittal]], the president of the Kho-Kho Federation of India, [[tweeted]] and called it a "greatest boost to indigenous games [in India]".<ref>{{cite tweet |user=SudhanshuBJP |number=1295932109912018944 |date=19 August 2020 |access-date=20 August 2020 |title=Golden day for Kho Kho. After 22 years, Arjuna Award for Kho Kho player. Captain Sarika Kale awarded. Greatest boost to indigenous games as government focus on developing indigenous games |author-link=Sudhanshu Mittal |last=Mittal |first=Sudhanshu}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kale, Sarika}}
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Kho kho players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:People from Osmanabad district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]

The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth

2026-02-06T07:49:11Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made a details with sources...

{{Infobox television
| image = The Indrani Mukerjea Story Buried Truth.jpeg
| genre = [[True crime]]
| director = Uraaz Bahl Shaana Levy
| starring = [[Anurita Jha]] Samaksh Sudi [[Vidhie Mukerjea]] Vivek Kumar Ranjeet Sangle
| country = India
| language = English
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 4
| producer = India Today Originals
| company = India Today Originals
| network = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Start date|2024|02|29|df=y}}
| runtime =
}}

'''''The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth''''' is a 2024 Indian [[true crime|true-crime]] documentary series directed by Uraaz Bahl and Shaana Levy, produced by India Today Originals, and released on [[Netflix]]. The four-part series explores the infamous [[Sheena Bora murder case]], focusing on the perspective of [[Indrani Mukerjea]], the prime accused, alongside interviews with family members, journalists, and legal experts. Premiering on February 29, 2024, after a court-ordered delay, the series delves into the complex family dynamics, media frenzy, and unresolved questions surrounding the 2012 disappearance and alleged murder of Sheena Bora.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/netflix-docu-series-the-indrani-mukerjea-story-on-sheena-bora-case-to-drop-on-feb-23-23332377 |title=Netflix docu-series 'The Indrani Mukerjea Story' on Sheena Bora case to drop on Feb 23 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The documentary revisits the [[Sheena Bora murder case]], which gained national attention in India following Bora’s disappearance on April 24, 2012. Initially reported as Indrani Mukerjea’s sister, Sheena was later revealed to be her daughter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-review-netflix-true-crime-documentary-sheena-bora-case-9183951/ |title=The Indrani Mukerjea Story Buried Truth review |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=2024-02-29 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> In 2015, a burnt body discovered in Raigad, Maharashtra, was identified as Bora’s through DNA testing, leading to Mukerjea’s arrest alongside her driver Shyamvar Rai, ex-husband Sanjeev Khanna, and then-husband Peter Mukerjea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-full-show-review-release-netflix-sheena-bora-murder-case-true-story-interviews-true-crime-documentary |title='The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth' Review |publisher=[[The Quint]] |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> The series examines Mukerjea’s narrative, her rise as a media executive, and the allegations of murder, juxtaposed with testimonies from her daughter Vidhie Mukerjea, son Mikhail Bora, journalists, and lawyers. It incorporates archival footage, call recordings, and reenactments to explore the case’s sensationalism and its impact on Indian society.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth/season-1/seasonreview/107851166.cms |title=The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth Season 1 Review |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=2024-02-29 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Anurita Jha]] as [[Indrani Mukerjea]]
* Samaksh Sudi as [[Rahul Mukerjea]]
* [[Vidhie Mukerjea]] as herself, daughter of Indrani and Peter Mukerjea
* Vivek Kumar as [[Mikhail Bora]] as Son of Indrani Mukerjea
* Ranjeet Sangle as Mukerjea’s lawyer
*Sagar Sant as Sanjeev Khanna

== Production ==

=== Development ===
Directed by husband-and-wife duo Uraaz Bahl and Shaana Levy, the series was in development for five years. Bahl, a Mumbai-born real estate investor turned filmmaker, and Levy, a former actor and producer, previously collaborated on the documentary ''[[Ladies First (2017 film)|Ladies First]]'' (2017). The idea for ''The Indrani Mukerjea Story'' emerged from their fascination with the case’s twists and media coverage, which they described as a “stranger-than-fiction saga.”<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/interview-the-indrani-mukerjea-story-docuseries-directors-uraaz-bahl-shaana-levy-murder-case-sheena-bora/article67912476.ece |title=Interview: 'The Indrani Mukerjea Story' docuseries directors Uraaz Bahl, Shaana Levy |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2024-03-03 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> The filmmakers aimed to present a balanced view, incorporating multiple perspectives while focusing on Mukerjea’s account.

=== Legal challenges ===
The series faced legal scrutiny prior to its release. Originally scheduled for February 23, 2024, its premiere was delayed after the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), which is prosecuting the ongoing Sheena Bora case, sought a stay from the [[Bombay High Court]], citing potential influence on the trial.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombay-hc-orders-netflix-to-first-screen-indrani-mukerjea-docu-series-for-cbi-101708593287831.html |title=Bombay HC orders Netflix to first screen Indrani Mukerjea docu-series for CBI |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2024-02-22 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> On February 22, 2024, the court ordered Netflix to screen the series for CBI officials and deferred the release until a ruling on February 29, 2024, allowed its premiere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Mar/09/netflixs-the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-review-whose-truth-is-it-anyway |title=Netflix's 'The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth' Review |publisher=[[New Indian Express]] |date=2024-03-09 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref>

== Release ==
''The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth'' premiered on [[Netflix]] on February 29, 2024, in English, Hindi, Tamil, and Telugu, following significant media attention due to its subject matter and legal proceedings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-review/20240301.htm |title=The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth Review |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
The docu-series received mixed reviews from critics. ''[[The Hindu]]'' described it as a “feeble and stale echo” of the 2015 media coverage, arguing it offered little new insight beyond Mukerjea’s perspective.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-docu-series-review-nothing-much-is-uncovered-in-this-rehashed-tale/article67906624.ece |title='The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth' review |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> Similarly, ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' called it a “recap of the Sheena Bora murder case, nothing more,” criticizing its lack of investigative depth.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-review-recap-of-sheena-bora-murder-case-nothing-more-2928762 |title='The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth' review |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=2024-03-02 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> In contrast, ''[[India Today]]'' highlighted its execution, calling it “juicier than fiction” due to Mukerjea’s bold statements,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reviews/story/indrani-mukerjea-story-the-buried-truth-review-docuseries-sheena-bora-murder-case-2509235-2024-03-01 |title=Indrani Mukerjea Story: The Buried Truth Review |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> while ''[[Firstpost]]'' lauded its portrayal of Mukerjea’s ambition and eccentricity, noting its gripping narrative sparked varied online reactions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-review-a-very-matured-approach-to-the-sheena-bora-case-13743971.html |title=Netflix's The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth Review |publisher=[[Firstpost]] |date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> ''[[Scroll.in]]'' appreciated its sensationalism “delivered with a swish,” adding that Mukerjea’s portrayal oscillates between victim and villain.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1064101/the-indrani-mukerjea-story-buried-truth-review-sensationalism-delivered-with-a-swish |title='The Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth' review |publisher=[[Scroll.in]] |date=2024-03-02 |access-date=2025-04-01}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indrani Mukerjea Story: Buried Truth, The}}
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:True crime television series]]
[[Category:Netflix original documentary television series]]
[[Category:Indian documentary television series]]

Great Indian Rock

2026-01-31T07:06:05Z

Pandit debotosh dey: general refined article for accuracy additionally

'''Great Indian Rock (GIR) ''' was a multi-city [[rock music festival]] in [[India]]. The first of its kind, it was usually held annually in cities like [[Delhi]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1070819/asp/calcutta/story_8206406.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205152224/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070819/asp/calcutta/story_8206406.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 5, 2010|title=Rock on hold|date=2007-08-19|website=Telegraph|access-date=2017-12-20}}</ref> [[Mumbai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Pune]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Shillong]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/metal-fever-grips-great-indian-rock|title=Metal fever grips Great Indian Rock|work=Radio and Music|access-date=2017-12-20}}</ref> with a cumulative audience of approximately 50,000 people.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} The first GIR was held in 1997 as a two-day festival in Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/metal-india-style/article4620116.ece|title=Metal, India style….|last=Thakkar|first=Drashti|date=2013-04-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-20|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The festival is organized by the media and publishing company Entertainment Media Services Private Limited, which also publishes the magazine ''[[Rock Street Journal]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greatindianrock.in/organisers.php|title=Organisers|website=Great Indian Rock|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105162638/http://www.greatindianrock.in/organisers.php|archive-date=2012-11-05|url-status=|access-date=2017-12-20}}</ref> The festival was founded by rock journalist and promoter Amit Saigal, who died in 2012. Subsequently, according to ''Mint, the "''Great Indian Rock Festival in Delhi called it a day after 15 years…in 2012."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/uDufRmTzgNQGdqxbn6hN1M/The-economics-of-music-festivals.html|title=The economics of music festivals|last=Unni|first=Deepti|date=2016-11-25|work=Mint|access-date=2017-12-20}}</ref>

GIR started in the form of a competition amongst bands,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/7-bands-you-must-know-from-mizoram/|title=7 Bands you must know from Mizoram|date=2017-03-19|work=The North East Today|access-date=2017-12-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/bombay-black-are-back-and-ready-to-rock-india-s-indie-scene-once-more-1.159327|title=Bombay Black are back and ready to rock India’s indie scene once more|work=The National|access-date=2017-12-20|language=en}}</ref> where entries were called from all over the country in the form of physical cassettes and CDs. 12 bands were chosen out of more than a thousand entries at the end of an extensive week-long exercise of listening to each and every band's music which was personally conducted by the organizers at RSJ. The 12 shortlisted bands finally performed in a grand finale along with an international headliner which was the GIR Festival.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

Each edition of Great Indian Rock was also accompanied by an album compiling the songs of the shortlisted bands known as the "GIR Compilation,"<ref>http://greatindianrock.in/past_edition_detail.php?past_edition_id=14{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> consisting of 12 original compositions by 12 bands from various regions of India. The album would be circulated across India through ''Rock Street Journal'' magazine.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} Great Indian Rock stopped being a competition in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://greatindianrock.in/|title=Great Indian Rock|website=Great Indian Rock|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112043356/http://greatindianrock.in/|archive-date=2015-01-12|url-status=|access-date=2017-12-20}}</ref>

In addition to featuring Indian musicians like [[Parikrama (band)|Parikrama]],<ref name=":0" /> Orange Street,<ref name=":0" /> and [[Indian Ocean (band)|Indian Ocean]],<ref name=":0" /> the festival has also hosted international artists like [[Shawn Lane]],{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} [[Jonas Hellborg]],{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} [[John Myung]],{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} Meshuggah,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/The-Return-of-Intronaut/article17060643.ece|title=The Return of Intronaut|last=Tagat|first=Anurag|date=2017-01-19|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-12-20|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Tesseract (band)|Tesseract]],<ref name=":1" /> and [[Intronaut]],<ref name=":1" /> and [[Satyricon (band)|Satyricon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/satyricons-morke-endetid-1.6285469|title=Satyricons mørke endetid|last=NRK|work=NRK|access-date=2017-12-20|language=nb-NO}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rock festivals in India]]
[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Music festivals established in 1997]]

Shraddha Dangar

2026-01-18T19:25:33Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made basic post needs work

{{Short description|Indian film actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Shraddha Dangar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|10|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], India
| spouse = {{Marriage|Akash Pandya|2024}} <ref>{{Cite news |title=Photos: મનના માણીગર આકાશ પંડ્યાને શ્રદ્ધા ડાંગરે આપ્યાં સપ્તપદીનાં સાત વચનો|url=https://www.gujaratimidday.com/entertainment-news/dhollywood-news/photo/in-photos-shraddha-dangar-ties-knot-with-akash-pandya-esha-kansara-share-wedding-pictures-12849/1 |work=Gujarati Midday|date=29 January 2024 |access-date=23 June 2025}}</ref>
| occupation = Actress, Model
| years_active = 2017–present
}}

'''Shraddha Dangar''' (born 15 October 1994) is a national award winning Indian actress from [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref name="Shraddha Dangar bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/shraddha-dangar-119899 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120225845/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/shraddha-dangar-119899 |url-status=live |archive-date=20 January 2021 |title=Shraddha Dangar}}</ref> She is known for ''[[Hellaro]]'' (2019), machhachu (2018), kasoombo (2024) , mansion 24 (telugu/hindi) (2024) and ''[[Pappa Tamne Nahi Samjaay]]'' (2017) and [[Luv Ni Love Storys]] (2020).<ref name="Shraddha Dangar movies">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/shraddha-dangar-looks-beautiful-as-she-decks-up-in-a-traditional-outfit/articleshow/72040408.cms |title=Shraddha Dangar looks beautiful as she decks up in a traditional outfit |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Shraddha made her debut in the movie ''Pappa Tamney Nai Samjaay'' (2017) starring [[Bhavya Gandhi]], [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] and [[Ketki Dave]]. She was also seen in a musical comedy film [[Tari Maate Once More|''Tari Maate Once More (2018)'']].<ref>{{cite news |title=Know The Big Star Cast Of 'Tari Maate Once More' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/photo-features/know-the-big-star-cast-of-tari-maate-once-more/photostory/65576108.cms |work=The Times of India |date=29 August 2019}}</ref>

In 2019, she was part of two remarkable films that include ''Machchhu'', based on the true events of [[1979 Machchhu dam failure|Machchhu Dam disaster]] and ''[[Hellaro]]'', which is a Gujarati period drama film.<ref name="Machchhu: A real life tragic story">{{cite web |title=Machchhu: A real life tragic story is all set to release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/machchhu-a-real-life-tragic-story-is-all-set-to-release/articleshow/65081425.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Her film, ''Hellaro'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]] and she has earned [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|Special Jury Award]] for her performance.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 August 2019 |title=National Awards: Aditya Dhar gets best director for 'Uri', Gujarati movie 'Hellaro' wins Best Film |url=https://scroll.in/latest/933356/national-awards-aditya-dhar-gets-best-director-for-uri-gujarati-movie-hellaro-wins-best-film |access-date=9 August 2019 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref>

The film has been theatrically released in India on 8 November 2019 to positive reviews and her acting is appreciated by the audiences.<ref name="Hellaro, a celluloid celebration of breaking free">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-reviews/hellaro/movie-review/71971460.cms |title=Hellaro, a celluloid celebration of breaking free |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Hellaro">{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hellaro-national-award-winning-gujarati-film-is-a-beautiful-ode-to-female-desire-and-defiance-7678081.html |title=Hellaro, National Award-winning Gujarati film, is a beautiful ode to female desire and defiance |website=firstpost.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" width=65%
|- style="background:#ffc; text-align:center;"
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|2017 || ''[[Pappa Tamne Nahi Samjaay]]'' || Dharmessh Mehta || Aashka || rowspan="11" |[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018 || ''[[Tari Maate Once More]]'' || Saurin Chaoudhary || Jaadu
||
|-
| ''[[Lamboo Rastoo]]'' || Mihir Bhuta || Ragini ||
|-
|2019 || ''[[Hellaro]]'' || Abhishek Shah || Manjhri ||
|-
|2020 || ''[[Luv Ni Love Storys]]''<ref name="Luv Ni Love Storys">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/love-ni-love-stories-shooting-to-begin-from-february-14/articleshow/67806799.cms |title=Love Ni Love Stories shooting to begin from February 14 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>|| Durgesh Tanna || Mishti ||
|-
|2021 || ''[[Mara Pappa Superhero]]''<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Shraddha Dangar gives a sneak peek into the character for her next film 'Mara Pappa Superhero' |website=The Times of India |date=4 March 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/photo-shraddha-dangar-gives-a-sneak-peek-into-the-character-for-her-next-film-mara-pappa-superhero/articleshow/74470788.cms |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref>|| Darshan Ashwin Trivedi || Teju ||
|-
|2022
|''[[Kehvatlal Parivar]]''
|Vipul Mehta
|Heta Thakar
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2022 |title=Kehvatlal Parivar promises to create history |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/kehvatlal-parivar-promises-to-create-history/articleshow/90671595.cms |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''Chandalo''
|Hardik Gajjar
|Aastha
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2023 |title='Chandlo' trailer: Shraddha Dangar-Kaajal Oza Vaidya starrer adds a new twist to the usual romantic drama |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/chandlo-trailer-shraddha-dangar-kaajal-oza-vaidya-starrer-adds-a-new-twist-to-the-usual-romantic-drama/articleshow/101757176.cms |access-date=22 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Kasoombo]]''
|[[Vijaygiri Bava]]
|Sujan
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Maharani (2025 film) | Maharani]]''
|[[Viral Shah (director) | Viral Shah]]
|Rani
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Paatki]]''
|Abhinay Deshmukh
|Nitya Mehta
|
|-
|}

===Web series===
Dangar has acted in the following web series:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" width=65%
!scope="col" width="15%"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
!scope="col"| Role
!scope="col"| Language
!scope="col"| Ref.

|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
| ''[[Geet (2019 TV series)|Geet]]''
| Shraddha
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| <ref name="geet-gujarati">{{YouTube|id=7ivSEbrXUHo|title=Geet Web Series - DARR! Drama}}</ref>
|-
| ''Friend Zone''
| Helly
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| <ref name="friend-zone-gujarati">{{cite web |url=https://www.shemaroome.com/shows/friend-zone |title=Friend Zone - Gujarati Web Series}}</ref>
|-
|2021
| ''[[Vitthal Teedi]]''
| Manisha
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|
|-
|2023
|[[Mansion 24]]
|
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Singer(s)
!Album
!Co-Star(s)
!Notes
|-
|2018
|"Kahi De"
|
|Keval Shah
|"Kahi De"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1SUqnZRhqM ''Aao Na'']
|
|Brijen Gajjar
|''Aao Na''
|[[Parth Shukla]]
|<ref name="Aao Na-Music Video-Hindi">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/music/exclusive-pics-parth-shukla-shares-a-glimpse-of-his-upcoming-song-aao-na/articleshow/81091894.cms?from=mdr |title=Exclusive PICS! Parth Shukla shares a glimpse of his upcoming song 'Aao Na' |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Aao Na-Music Video-Hindi-Youtube">{{YouTube|id=r1SUqnZRhqM|title=Aao Na - Official Music Video {{!}} Parth Shukla & Shraddha Dangar {{!}} Brijen Gajjar {{!}} Ravi Sachdev}}</ref>
|-
|"Radha Khovaai"
|
|Meet Jain
|Radha Khovaai
|
|
|-
|2018
|"Hind ki Rajputaniya"
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== Accolades ==
{| class=wikitable
! scope="col" style="width:1em;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:39em;"| Award
! scope="col" style="width:29em;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:39em;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| Result
! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| [[66th National Film Awards|2019]]
| [[National Film Awards]]
| [[National Film Award - Special Jury Award (Feature film)|Special Jury Award]]
| ''[[Hellaro]]''
| {{Won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dff.gov.in/images/News/66th_NFA_Results.pdf |title=66th National Film Awards |website=dff.gov.in}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm9217319}}
* {{Instagram|id= shraddhadangar_official|name= Shraddha Dangar}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dangar, Shraddha}}
[[Category:Gujarati actresses]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Gujarati cinema]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot]]

New Town, Kolkata

2025-12-29T11:36:06Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Smart City and satellite city of Kolkata, India}}
{{For|the area under Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation|Rajarhat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = New Town
| other_name = Rajarhat-New Town
| native_name =
| settlement_type = [[Satellite city|Satellite City]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 275
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/1/2
| image1= New Town Skyline captured from Bengal Intelligent Park, Saltlake, Kolkata (1 of 2 photos).jpg
|caption1= New Town skyline
| image2 = Eastern High - Rajarhat 2012-04-11 9385.JPG
| caption2= Apartment high-rises in New Town
| image3= City Centre - Rajarhat 7483.JPG
| caption3=Rajarhat City Centre 2
| image4 = DLF IT Park - Rajarhat 2012-04-11 9380.JPG
| caption4=DLF IT Park
| image5 = Mother's Wax Museum, New Town.jpg
|caption5=[[Mother's Wax Museum]]
| image6= Biswa Bangla Gate in Kolkata 01.jpg
|caption6= [[Biswa Bangla Gate]]
| image7= ITC_Green_Center_03.jpg
|caption7= [[ITC Limited|ITC Green Center]]
| image8= RITES,_Newtown,_Kolkata.jpg
|caption8= [[Rail India Technical and Economic Service|RITES]]
}}
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5894|N|88.4748|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of West Bengal|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Presidency division|Presidency]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = November 2008
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Statutory Development Board
| governing_body = New Town Kolkata Development Authority,
[[West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation]] (HIDCO)
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="NKDA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.icra.in/Rationale/GetRationaleFile/27752|title=NKDA Overview|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815060757/https://www.icra.in/Rationale/GetRationaleFile/27752|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wbhidcoltd.com/upload_file/report_publication/report11.pdf|date=27 January 2014|title=Landuse and Development Control Plan for New Town Planning Area 2012|author=West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (WBHIDCO)|access-date=4 February 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129031509/https://www.wbhidcoltd.com/upload_file/report_publication/report11.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 93.3
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 9
| population_total = 400000-500000
| population_as_of = July 2018
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 1218
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="NKDA" /><ref>{{cite web|title=New Town to become Municipality|date=30 July 2018|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/soon-new-town-to-become-municipality-312026|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917221357/http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/soon-new-town-to-become-municipality-312026|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 700135, 700136, 700156, 700157, 700160, 700161
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 33
| registration_plate = WB07, WB08, WB25, WB26
|blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Rajarhat New Town (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajarhat-New Town]]
| website = {{ubl|{{URL|http://www.nkdamar.org}}|
{{URL|http://www.wbhidcoltd.com}}}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''New Town''' ({{aka}} '''Rajarhat-New Town''') is a [[planned city|planned]] [[Satellite city]] of [[Kolkata]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is administered by NKDA (New Town Kolkata Development Authority).<ref>{{cite web |title=The New Town, Kolkata Development Authority Act, 2007 |url=http://www.nkdamar.org/Statutes/The%20NKDA%20Act%202007.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211031733/https://www.nkdamar.org/Statutes/The%20NKDA%20Act%202007.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2022 |access-date=21 March 2017 |publisher=NTKDA}}</ref> New Town is declared as a "Solar City" and "[[Smart City|Smart Green City]]" by [[Government of India]].<ref name="neliti"/>

[[HIDCO]] plans developing infrastructure like - roads, drains, sewerage line, water supply lines, major embellishment works and executed constructions like - buildings, projects, parks, museum, subways, over-bridges in New Town.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news |title=New Town to get three subways, an overbridge |first1=Suman |last1=Chakraborti |date=13 February 2014 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/New-Town-to-get-three-subways-an-overbridge/articleshow/30301719.cms |access-date=13 May 2015 |publisher=Times of India |archive-date=17 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317084255/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/New-Town-to-get-three-subways-an-overbridge/articleshow/30301719.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> An information technology and residential hub is developed at New Town. New Town was enabled with 10.5 km of Wi-Fi Zone along the Major Arterial Road (part of [[Biswa Bangla Sarani]]) from Haldiram, near [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata Airport]] to Salt Lake Sector V, which also make it India's first Wi-Fi road connectivity. The stretch has already been declared as a green corridor.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/10-5km-Wi-Fi-zone-in-Rajarhat-New-Town/articleshow/36728018.cms |first1=Suman |last1=Chakraborti |title=Wi-Fi connectivity: 10.5km Wi-Fi zone in Rajarhat-New Town {{pipe}} Kolkata News |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 June 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120214040/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/10-5km-Wi-Fi-zone-in-Rajarhat-New-Town/articleshow/36728018.cms |archive-date=20 January 2016}}</ref>

==History==
The area mainly consisted of huge acres of cultivable lands and water bodies, which was acquired and developed in a planned manner. The process of investing in residential and industrial facilities and infrastructural development of the area was mainly started under the leadership of the then [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], [[Jyoti Basu]] in the late 1990s.<ref name="wbhidcoltd">{{cite web|url=https://www.wbhidcoltd.com/about-new-town|title= New Town Kolkata|website=HIDCO Bhawan |access-date=4 February 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129040254/https://www.wbhidcoltd.com/about-new-town|url-status=live}}</ref> The master plan envisions a township which is at least three times bigger than the neighbouring planned [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake City]].

New Town was declared as a ''Solar City'' by the former [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]-lead [[Government of India]]<ref name="neliti">{{cite journal|url=https://www.neliti.com/publications/263292/rajarhat-new-town-an-urban-perspective-a-case-study-of-urbanization-west-bengal|title=Rajarhat New Town an Urban Perspective: A Case Study of Urbanization, West Bengal, India|journal=International Journal of New Technology and Research|date=May 2017 |volume=3 |issue=5 |page=263292 |access-date=4 February 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129040255/https://www.neliti.com/publications/263292/rajarhat-new-town-an-urban-perspective-a-case-study-of-urbanization-west-bengal|url-status=live |last1=Biswas |first1=Amar |last2=Singh |first2=Omveer }}</ref> and later this city was declared as [[Smart Cities Mission|''Smart Green City'']] by [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]-lead Government of India with the help of [[Government of West Bengal]] following a proposal submitted by [[Mamata Banerjee]] ([[Chief Minister of West Bengal]])<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-seeks-smart-green-city-tag-for-New-Town/articleshow/37867094.cms |first1=Suman |last1=Chakraborti |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706102800/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/West-Bengal-seeks-smart-green-city-tag-for-New-Town/articleshow/37867094.cms |archive-date = 6 July 2014 |title = West Bengal seeks 'smart green city' tag for New Town {{pipe}} Kolkata News |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name="eletsonline">{{cite web|url=https://smartcity.eletsonline.com/rajarhat-new-town-to-become-smart-city/|website=Smart City - Elets Technomedia |title=Rajarhat New Town to become Smart City|date=11 May 2015 |access-date=4 February 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129040257/https://smartcity.eletsonline.com/rajarhat-new-town-to-become-smart-city/|url-status=live}}</ref> but later withdrawn from the Smart Cities Mission after the [[Trinamool Congress#Electoral performance|AITC-governed Bengal government]] decided to withdraw all cities of West Bengal from the competition.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/west-bengal-mamata-dumps-centres-smart-city-project-to-develop-cities-on-its-own-2983994/ |first1=Aniruddha |last1=Ghosal |url-access=subscription |title=West Bengal: Mamata dumps Centre's Smart City project, to develop cities on its own |date=19 August 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=27 June 2017 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702215914/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/west-bengal-mamata-dumps-centres-smart-city-project-to-develop-cities-on-its-own-2983994/ |archive-date=2 July 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> It has rejected ''{{INR}}1,000 crore'' to be given for development of the city as smart city.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/green-city-mission-rs-50-lakh-each-for-all-125-municipalities-in-west-bengal-mamata-banerjee-4438068/ |first1=Aniruddha |last1=Ghosal |title=Green City Mission: Rs 50 lakh each for all 125 municipalities in West Bengal |date=21 December 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=30 June 2017 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160442/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/green-city-mission-rs-50-lakh-each-for-all-125-municipalities-in-west-bengal-mamata-banerjee-4438068/ |archive-date=11 July 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Geography==
Most of New Town is in [[North 24 Parganas]] district. It was declared as a part of the [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]] in August 2016 by [[List of governors of West Bengal|Governor of West Bengal]].<ref name="KMA2007">{{cite web |title=KMA notification |url=http://www.wburbandev.gov.in/circulars/noti_no_3375_ud_o_m_sb_s-4_98.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220210448/http://www.wburbandev.gov.in/circulars/noti_no_3375_ud_o_m_sb_s-4_98.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=Urban Development Department, Government of West Bengal}}</ref>

==Cityscape==
[[File:Panache towers.jpg|thumb|Panache towers, Mahish bathan, Newtown]]
[[File:Red Munia, New Town, Kolkata 1.jpg|thumb|[[Red avadavat|Red Munia]] (male) at New Town marshland]]

===Planning===
New Town has a proposed area of 93.9 km2 in which 30.8 km2 is used for township and 60.354 km2 area is under planning. The township of New Town is divided into Action Area I, II, III and a Central Business District.<ref name="wbhidcoltd.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wbhidcoltd.com/upload_file/report_publication/report11.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 January 2023 |archive-date=29 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129031509/https://www.wbhidcoltd.com/upload_file/report_publication/report11.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The erstwhile planning area of HIDCO also included Action Area - IV (still not started). The Central Business District (CBD) is located between Action Area - I & II. HIDCO installed the geographic information system (GIS) to integrate the database on the number of house owners, property tax, mutation, building construction etc. in New Town.<ref>{{cite web|title=HIDCO Overview|url=https://www.wburbandev.gov.in/Home/attached_office_hidco|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815052111/https://www.wburbandev.gov.in/Home/attached_office_hidco|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Townships or residential projects===
*'''[[Uniworld City]]'''
*Shapoorji Pallonji Shukhobrishti
*Merlin RISE<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merlin Group announces the launch of A Mega Sports Township in Kolkata |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/merlin-group-announces-the-launch-of-a-mega-sports-township-in-kolkata/cid/1835636 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
*'''Skill City'''
:Launched by Ambuja Neotia group and HDFC group in 2023, it is a 72-acre township with an investment of ₹550 Crores. The township will have Nursing College, Hospital, Para medical College, IT/ITes space, Residential Towers, Villas and Club house with 25% reserved for economically weaker sections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/hdfc-ambuja-in-72-acre-kolkata-realty-deal/cid/1802568 | title=HDFC, Ambuja in 72-acre realty deal }}</ref>

===Tech hub===
{{See also|List of tech parks in Kolkata#New Town|Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub}}

New Town has emerged as the second IT hub of Kolkata after [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]]. [[List of tech parks in Kolkata#New Town|Growing number of tech parks]] makes New Town a preferred destination for IT and ITes in East India. Several Information Technology majors are operational like [[Ericsson]], Accenture, Capgemini, Tech Mahindra, ITC Infotech, Mindtree, Adani Labs, [[British Telecom]], [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS]], [[Wipro]], [[Infosys]], [[Cognizant]] [https://traditionalpackersandlogistics.com/packers-and-movers-new-town/ Traditional Packers & Logistics New Town] etc.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkatas-sector-v-new-town-on-overdrive-add-20000-it-jobs-in-last-6-months/articleshow/96997664.cms | title=Kolkata's Sector V, New Town on overdrive, add 20,000 IT jobs in last 6 months | newspaper=The Times of India | date=15 January 2023 }}</ref> New Town also houses [[Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub]].

===Financial hub===
{{See also|FinTech Hub, Kolkata}}
[[FinTech Hub, Kolkata|Fintech hub]] is developed in New Town by [[West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation|HIDCO]] with many national and international firms like [[Punjab National Bank|PNB]], [[HDFC Bank]], [[Axis Bank]] and [[State Bank of India|SBI]] showing interest in the project with their investment in different stages of implementation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/hidco-to-come-up-with-vertical-city-in-fintech-hub-373414 |title=HIDCO to come up with 'vertical city' in Fintech hub |date=8 September 2019 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627175340/http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/hidco-to-come-up-with-vertical-city-in-fintech-hub-373414 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Hotels===
Many luxurious hotels like [[Fairfield by Marriott]], [[Novotel]], [[Ibis]], [[Taj Hotels]], [[Westin Hotels & Resorts]], [[The Park Hotels]], [[Holiday Inn]], [[Wyndham Hotels & Resorts]], [[Lemon Tree Hotels]], Ozen Mansion Kolkata etc. have also come up in the area.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}
[[File:Pride Plaza Hotel - Rajarhat - Kolkata 2017-03-31 1118.JPG|thumb|Pride Plaza Hotel]]

== Transport ==
===Roads===
[[File:Box Bridge - Major Arterial Road - Rajarhat 2016-07-30 5516.JPG|thumb|Box Bridge connects New Town with [[Salt Lake City, Kolkata|Salt Lake]] along [[Biswa Bangla Sarani]] over Kestopur Canal]]
[[Biswa Bangla Sarani]] connects Action Area I and II. It also connects New Town to the [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]]. The New Town Road and Gitanjali Road also serves as major connectors between Action Area III and Action Area II. The main mode of road transportation includes AC or non-AC government and private buses, taxi and other popular Indian transports like [[auto rickshaw]] and e-rickshaws. As of 2015, around 300 buses on 25 different bus routes, either passes through or originates from New Town.<ref name="smartcity">{{cite web|title=Smart City Proposal|url=http://www.nkdamar.org/File/Smart%20City%201.pdf|website=NKDAMAR|publisher=Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India|access-date=31 October 2016|page=7|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313123354/http://www.nkdamar.org/File/Smart%20City%201.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rapid transit===
*'''[[Kolkata Metro Orange Line]]''': As of November 2023, the [[Garia|New Garia]]–[[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport|Dumdum/Kolkata Airport]] Line of the [[Kolkata Metro]], which passes through New Town, is under-construction and expected to be open before 2026. The metro will be main linkage between Action Area I and II of New Town township.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rail set to take over East-West|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110208/jsp/calcutta/story_13549408.jsp|access-date=26 September 2011|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=8 February 2011|archive-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601181514/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110208/jsp/calcutta/story_13549408.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hidco clears route for Garia-airport Metro|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Hidco-clears-route-for-Garia-airport-Metro/articleshow/10110483.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928221024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-25/kolkata/30200059_1_hidco-official-east-west-metro-metro-route|url-status=live|archive-date=28 September 2012|access-date=26 September 2011|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 September 2011}}</ref>
*A Light Rail Transit System (LRTS) is planned to connect Action Area III to the Biswa Bangla Gate. The estimated cost of the project is around ₹4500 Crores.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://metrorailtoday.com/news/hidco-plans-monorail-type-light-rail-transit-system-for-new-town-and-salt-lake-in-kolkata | title=HIDCO plans Monorail type Light Rail Transit System for New Town and Salt Lake in Kolkata | Metro Rail Today }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/hi-tech-link-plan-for-new-towns-action-area-iii/articleshow/74309112.cms | title=Kolkata: Hi-tech link plan for New Town's Action Area III | newspaper=The Times of India | date=26 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of April 2018, the residential population of New Town is estimated to be more than 1 million with 0.5 million additional floating population.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/e-auction-in-new-towns-action-area-ii-sees-stellar-response-292801 |title=E-Auction in New Town's Action Area II sees stellar response |website=Millennium Post |date=4 April 2018 |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=15 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115162441/http://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/e-auction-in-new-towns-action-area-ii-sees-stellar-response-292801 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2022}}

==Civic administration==
===Authority===
The New Kolkata Development Authority (NKDA) has been constituted under The New Town Kolkata Development Authority Act, 2007 (The West Bengal Act XXX of 2007) for rendering various civic services and amenities within New Town, Kolkata and it has come into effect since November, 2008. It is a transitional arrangement in the way of creation of an Urban Local Body (ULB). The administration is headed by a chairman, exercising authority over a member secretary and chief executive officer, who in turn oversee various specific committees, set up to implement various duties.<ref name="KMA2007" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nkdamar.org/Pages/Background.aspx |title=Background |website=New Town Kolkata Development Authority (NKDA) |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526182502/https://www.nkdamar.org/Pages/Background.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (HIDCO) plans and executes development projects in New Town, Kolkata.

===Utility services===
As of 2015, New Town gets 200 litre per capita per day (lcpd) of treated water every day with potable water that is sourced from the Hooghly River.<ref name="smartcity" /> Water treatment plants with computerised monitoring and control system are in place. 100% of the garbage is collected by sanitary workers through door to door collection. As of 2015, more than 70% of the solid waste management vehicles and street sweeping vehicles have been fitted with GPS devices for effective monitoring.<ref name="smartcity" /> All the garbage is compacted at compacting stations before disposing of it in dumping grounds.

Electricity is supplied and managed by New Town Electric Supply Company Limited (NTESCL).<ref name="smartcity" /> Fire services are handled by the [[West Bengal Fire Service]], a state agency. The [[Bidhannagar Police Commissionerate]] looks after the law and order in the city.

State-owned [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] (BSNL), as well as private enterprises, among them [[Vodafone India|Vodafone]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[Idea Cellular]] and [[Reliance Jio]], are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city.<ref name="trai ar 11 wire">{{cite web|title=Annual report 2010–11|url=http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/AnuualReports/ar_10_11.pdf|publisher=Telecom Regulatory Authority of India|access-date=13 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526230024/http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/Documents/AnuualReports/ar_10_11.pdf|archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref>{{rp|25–26}}{{rp|179}} Kolkata being the first city in India to have cell phone and [[4G]] connectivity, the [[GSM]] and [[Code division multiple access|CDMA]] cellular coverage is extensive in New Town.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata connects India to 4G era|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Kolkata-connects-India-to-4G-era/articleshow/12617655.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103073810/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-11/kolkata/31324556_1_4g-3g-telecom-equipment|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|access-date=25 June 2012|date=11 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=City of the third revolution — First 4G service to be launched in Calcutta|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120404/jsp/frontpage/story_15333017.jsp#.T-hXdbUe7HU|access-date=25 June 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=4 April 2012|location=Kolkata|archive-date=7 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507220230/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120404/jsp/frontpage/story_15333017.jsp#.T-hXdbUe7HU|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 2023 Panchayat Poll Controversy ===
Although the NKDA had been tasked with carrying out civic functions within Newtown, the township continued to fall under the jurisdiction of the "Jyangra-Hatiara no II block" Panchayat for the purpose of polls to the rural local self-governing body. In early February 2023, the then Urban Development Minister, Firhad Hakim, had said that New Town cannot remain under a panchayat, while acknowledging that parts of the township had been included within a panchayat area as a result of "some error". He also promised that the "error" would be rectified before the [[2023 West Bengal local elections|upcoming panchayat polls.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Shubhajoy |date=4 February 2023 |title=Firhad Hakim clarifies New Town status |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/news/firhad-hakim-clarifies-new-town-status/cid/1914205 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=www.telegraphindia.com/}}</ref>

Despite prior assurances of exclusion from Panchayat jurisdiction, the Panchayat polls were being held in Newtown. This led to discontent amongst a section of residents of Newtown as they felt that they were wrongfully being "labelled" as "villagers".<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2023-07-03 |title='Don't want to be labelled villagers': 10,000 people living on Kolkata outskirts to boycott rural polls |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/dont-want-to-be-labelled-villagers-10000-people-living-on-kolkata-outskirts-to-boycott-rural-polls |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> The Newtown Forum demanded that the township be taken out of the jurisdiction of panchayats. The Forum, in this end, launched a campaign to boycott the polls - they put up hoardings and banners, blocked a few roads and even collected signatures of 12,000 voters in support of the cause.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-07-03 |title='Don't want to be labelled villagers': 10,000 people living on Kolkata outskirts to boycott rural polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/dont-want-to-be-labelled-villagers-10000-people-living-on-kolkata-outskirts-to-boycott-rural-polls/article67037447.ece |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-05 |title=Residents' call to boycott vote picks up steam in New Town |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/residents-call-to-boycott-vote-picks-up-steam-in-new-town/articleshow/101500859.cms |access-date=2024-11-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Education==
===Colleges and universities===
Some of the educational and training institutes that are setting up their campuses in New Town:
*[[University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/ |title=UEM Kolkata: Best Engineering and Management University in Kolkata |access-date=11 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015030126/http://uem.edu.in/uem-kolkata/ |archive-date=15 October 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Amity University Kolkata]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amity.edu/kolkata |title=Best Top Private Amity University Kolkata in West Bengal{{pipe}}Engineering{{pipe}}Colleges{{pipe}}Universities{{pipe}}Institutes{{pipe}}Business{{pipe}}Management |access-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202052741/http://amity.edu/kolkata/ |archive-date=2 December 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency University]] (New Town campus)
* [[St. Xavier's University, Kolkata|St. Xaviers University]]
* [[IIT Kharagpur]] Research Park
* [[Aliah University]]
* [[Institute of Cost Accountants of India]]
* [[Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management]]
* [[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]
* [[Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira|Ramakrishna Mission Centre of Excellence]]
* Belle Vue Nursing College
* [[Sister Nivedita University]]
* [[West Bengal Power Development Corporation]] (WBPDCL) Training Institute<ref name="Education in New Town, Rajarhat">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Rajarhat-to-get-education-hub/articleshow/46280754.cms | newspaper=The Times of India | title=Rajarhat to get education hub | first=Suman | last=Chakraborti | date=18 February 2015 | access-date=28 June 2018 | archive-date=15 July 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715015404/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Rajarhat-to-get-education-hub/articleshow/46280754.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Techno India]]
*[[West Bengal Judicial Academy]]

===Schools===
For the children, to study up to the 12th standard, New Town also houses many schools:
*[[Narayana Group of Educational Institutions|Narayana School New Town]]
* Delhi Public School Megacity
* Delhi Public School Newtown
*[[The Newtown School]]
* IEM Public School
* Bodhicariya Senior Secondary School
* Sri Chaitanya techno school

==Sports==
{{See also|AIFF National Center of Excellence}}
[[AIFF National Center of Excellence]] is a "state of art" football complex which includes India's first ever roof top pitch. The sports complex is spread across 15 Acres and built with an investment of ₹200 crores.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/aiff-in-talks-with-corporates-for-building-national-centre-of-excellence-5502866/ | title=AIFF in talks with corporates for building National Centre of Excellence | date=20 December 2018 }}</ref>

[[Cricket Association of Bengal]] is building an international cricket stadium in New Town. In 2022, CAB bought a 14 Acres plot with ₹30 Crore.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sportzpoint.com/cricket/cab-bought-14-acre-land-in-rajarhat-for-the-new-international-stadium/ | title=CAB bought 14 Acre land in Rajarhat for the new International Stadium | date=5 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/state-to-hand-overnew-town-plot-to-sourav-for-stadium/articleshow/92013453.cms | title=State to hand overNew Town plot to Sourav for stadium | newspaper=The Times of India | date=5 June 2022 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Satellite city]]
* [[Kolkata Gate|Biswa Bangla Gate]]
* [[New Town Eco Park|Eco Park]]
* [[Durga Angan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|New Town, Kolkata}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Kolkata/East}}
* [http://www.nkdamar.org New Town, Kolkata]{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} – Development Authority West Bengal

{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

[[Category:New Town, Kolkata| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Kolkata Metropolitan Area]]
[[Category:Planned cities in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Planned communities in India]]
[[Category:Planned communities established in the 1990s]]

Shooting League of India

2025-12-19T14:16:23Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|Indian shooting league}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox sports league
| name = Shooting League of India
| image = Shooting League of India.png
| title = Shooting League of India
| current_season = 2026 Shooting League of India
| last_season =
| country = {{IND}}
| administrator = [[National Rifle Association of India]]
| headquarters =
| sport = Shooting
| founded = {{start date and age|2025}}
| tournament_format =
| inaugural = [[2026 Shooting League of India|2026]]
| folded =
| teams =
| champion =
| champ_season =
| most_champs =
| tv =
| website = {{URL|https://sli.co.in/|SLI}}
}}

'''Shooting League of India''', also known as '''SLI''', is a professional [[shooting sports]] league based in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=IPL-styled Indian shooting league to be launched in November |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/iplstyled-indian-shooting-league-to-be-launched-in-november-101747495346844.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It is organized by [[National Rifle Association of India]], the governing body for the sport in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Pritish |date=2025-06-05 |title=New franchise-based shooting league to start in November, players say 'fun', 'bonding with international players' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/new-franchise-shooting-league-november-players-bonding-10050732/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> It is the first franchise-based shooting league in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Shooting League: NRAI Bets on SLI to Popularize Sport Nationwide |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/india-s-shooting-dream-finding-its-range-3656682 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The first edition was held in 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-10-11 |title=Shooting League of India postponed to early 2026 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/shooting-league-of-india-sli-2026-postponed-february-tentative-dates-reason/article70151893.ece |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The first edition of Shooting League of India was supposed to be held at the [[Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range]] in [[New Delhi]] from 20 November to 2 December 2025. In October, the league was postponed to 2026 to fit the calendar alignment of international events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shooting League Of India Delayed To Early 2026 As NRAI Prioritises Athletes, Calendar |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/shooting-league-of-india-delayed-to-early-2026-as-nrai-prioritises-athletes-calendar-ws-l-9629840.html |website=News18}}</ref> It is backed by the [[International Shooting Sport Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-28 |title=India's shooting league gets international federation support: 'We are ready to receive attention' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/india-shooting-league-international-support-issf-sli-10155485/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

400+ athletes from more than 20 countries, including [[Germany]], [[Iran]], [[Italy]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[United States]] and [[Australia]] applied for the league.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Over 400 Athletes Have Registered For Inaugural Shooting League Of India: NRAI |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/shooting/over-400-athletes-have-registered-for-inaugural-shooting-league-of-india-nrai-8756594|access-date=2025-09-06 |work=NDTV Sports}}</ref> The league will feature statistics using tools like heart rate monitors, SCATT shooting and more, giving the audience a glimpse of movement, pressure etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manu Bhaker expresses excitement for Shooting League of India, speaks on her preferred partners |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/manu-bhaker-expresses-excitement-for-shooting-league-of-india-speaks-on-her-preferred-partners/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> The release of the trigger, mannerisms etc will be defined using data, graphics, VR as well as biorhythms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Santadeep |date=2025-07-22 |title=NRAI president: Not to make an attempt with Shooting League of India would be a crime |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/shooting-league-of-india-interview-kalikesh-narayan-singh-deo-nrai-president/article69841203.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Format==
The Shooting League of India features top shooters divided into franchise teams. The auction saw team owners bidding for players. Each franchise consists of 12 athletes, 6 men and 6 women. There can be up to 4 foreign players, 2 men and 2 women. At least two Indian juniors must be in the team and the purse per team is ₹1.20 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-06-25 |title=Shooting League of India 2025: Format, Pools, and Athlete Categories EXPLAINED |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/shooting-league-india-teams-format-schedule/article69734732.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

The league will see mixed team matches and the categories include [[10 m air pistol]], [[25 m pistol]], [[10 m air rifle]], [[50 m rifle three positions]] as well as [[Trap shooting|trap]] and [[Skeet shooting|skeet]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reloading the sport: India fires up a shooting league after Olympic high |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/sports/reloading-the-sport-india-fires-up-a-shooting-league-after-olympic-high-article-13321019.html/ |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> Each match will last only 25 minutes and will be a 16-pointer affair, as there will be no qualification.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-05-17 |title=NRAI president keen to make Shooting League of India viewer-friendly and a 'role model' for the sport |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/shooting-league-of-india-format-teams-franchises-dates-prize-money-nrai-president-kalikesh-singh-deo/article69587278.ece |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Teams==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Team
! State
! Coach
! Captain
|-
| [[Delhi Knight Warriors]]
| [[Delhi]]
|
|
|-
| [[Mumbai X Calibres]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
|
|
|-
| [[UP Prometheans]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|
|
|}

==Editions and results==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Season
! Winner
! Score
! Runner up
! Venue
! Teams
! Player Of The Tournament
|-
| [[2026 Shooting League of India|2026]]
! TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
| TBA
|}

==Broadcasting==
TBA

==See also==
* [[Shooting sports in India]]
* [[Sport in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://sli.co.in/ Website]
* [https://www.instagram.com/shootingleagueofindia/ Shooting League of India] on [[Instagram]]
* [https://x.com/SLI_Live Shooting League of India] on [[Twitter]]

{{Sports leagues of India}}

[[Category:Professional sports leagues in India]]

Blue-throated barbet

2025-12-06T07:55:12Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Psilopogon asiaticus'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |date=2016 |article-number=e.T61469878A95169030 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61469878A95169030.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| image = Blue-throated Barbet Sasatgre West Garo crop Oct24 A7CR 03684.jpg
| image_caption = Foraging on a fruiting tree in [[Meghalaya]]
| genus = Psilopogon
| species = asiaticus
| authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790)
| synonyms = ''Cyanops davisoni'' ''Megalaima asiatica''
| range_map = Psilopogon asiaticus IUCN range.png
| range_map_caption = Distribution of the blue-throated barbet
}}

The '''blue-throated barbet''' ('''''Psilopogon asiaticus''''') is a green [[Megalaimidae|Asian barbet]] native to the foothills of the [[Himalaya]]s and [[Southeast Asia]]. It inhabits lowland and montane forests at elevations of {{Cvt|200-2000|m}}, frequenting fruiting trees.<ref name=iucn/> Due to its green colour, it is difficult to spot but is easily located by its continual loud calls. Sexes are similar in most respects and share domestic duties.

== Taxonomy ==
[[File:Megalaima asiatica - 1825-1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ18800050.tif|left|thumb|Painting ca. 1825 to 1834]]
The Blue-throated Barbet was originally placed in the genus ''Cyanops'' by Latham in 1790. This was subsequently synonymized with ''[[Psilopogon|Megalaima]]''. In 2013, [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] studies indicated that ''[[Psilopogon]]'' is embedded within ''Megalaima''. ''Psilopogon'' has priority, hence the genus ''Megalaima'' was subsumed into ''Psilopogon''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=den Tex |first1=R-J |last2=Leonard |first2=J.A. |date=1 July 2013 |title=A molecular phylogeny of Asian barbets: Speciation and extinction in the tropics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790313001012 |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=1–13|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.004 |pmid=23511217 |bibcode=2013MolPE..68....1D |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Blue-throated Barbet has previously been considered [[Biological specificity|conspecific]] with the [[Turquoise-throated barbet|Turquoise-throated Barbet]] (''Psilopogon chersonesus'') and the [[Mountain barbet|Mountain Barbet]] (''Psilopogon monticola'') (11), but molecular data confirm that these are distinct species.<ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet" /><ref name="IOC_Bird_List_14.2">{{Cite web |last1=Gill |first1=F. |last2=Donsker |first2=D. |last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=17 August 2024 |title=IOC World Bird List v14.2: BOW (Birds of the World) |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/ |access-date=23 October 2024 |website=worldbirdnames.org}}</ref>

''Psilopogon asiaticus'' has two sub-species:<ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet" /><ref name="IOC_Bird_List_14.2" />
* Red-crowned blue-throated barbet ''P.a. asiaticus'' (Latham, 1790) is resident from NE [[Pakistan]] to W, N [[Myanmar]] and SW [[Yunnan]]
* Blue-crowned blue-throated barbet ''P.a. davisoni'' (Hume, 1877) is resident from SE Myanmar to SE Yunnan and N [[Mainland Southeast Asia|Indochina]]

== Description ==
[[File:Blue-throated Barbet (कुथुर्के) crop.jpg|thumb|left|Juvenile in [[Nepal]]]]
The blue-throated barbet is a non-migratory, arboreal medium-sized barbet, about the size of a [[myna]] {{Cvt|19-22|cm}}. Sexes are similar though the female is slightly heavier with {{Cvt|87-103|g}} than the male with {{Cvt|79-100|g}}. It is a stocky, green bird with a short tail. The undersides are a lighter yellow-green. The underside of the tail may have a bluish cast. The head and neck are distinctive, with a bright red forehead, black stripe across the crown and red rear crown. The sides of the face, chin and upper neck are pale blue. Red patches are seen on the sides of the neck at the base of the blue. The iris is reddish-brown and the eye-ring is brown, greenish-brown, orange-brown or yellow. The feet are slate-gray to gray-green. The stout, conical bill is pale at the base with a dark upper mandible and tip.<ref name="SalimAli_Indian2012"/><ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet" /><ref name="GrimmettInskipp">{{Cite book|last1=Grimmett|first1=R.|title=Birds of the Indian Subcontinent|last2=Inskipp|first2=C.|last3=Inskipp|first3=T.|publisher=[[Christopher Helm]]|year=2011|isbn=978-81-933150-9-5|location=London|pages=}}</ref>

Juveniles are similar to the adults, with muted and dull colours. The red may be tinged with orange, the black may be blue-black or dusky.<ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet" />

==Distribution and habitat==
The blue-throated barbet is a resident breeder in the Lower Himalayas from northeastern [[Pakistan]] through [[North India|northern]] and [[northeastern India]], and in the hill ranges of [[Southeast Asia]]. It is a common inhabitant of lowland and foothill tropical, evergreen and deciduous forests, typically between {{Cvt|200-2000|m}}. It is adaptable to secondary forests and even urban areas provided fruiting trees are readily available.<ref name="SalimAli_Indian2012"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Blue-throated Barbet - ''Psilopogon asiaticus'' |url=https://ebird.org/species/bltbar2 |date=2024 |website=ebird.org |publisher=[[eBird]] |access-date=2 April 2024}}</ref> In [[Mizoram]], it is uncommon in oil plantations, presumably due to the lack of fruit-bearing trees.<ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet"/>

== Behaviour and ecology ==
{{multiple image
|perrow=2/1
|total_width=400
|image1=Blue-throated Barbet in Rabindra Sarobar February 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg
|caption1=Eating in [[Rabindra Sarobar]], West Bengal, India.
|image2=Blue Throated Barbet.jpg
|caption2=Pair at a nest in a tree trunk
|image3=Blue-throated Barbet in Rabindra Sarobar March 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee.mpg
|caption3=Making a hole in a tree for nesting in [[Rabindra Sarobar]], India
}}
The blue-throated barbet has a noisy, undulating flight. The flight consists of a few rapid beats of its wings, then a brief pause. It calls frequently throughout the day. Due to its green colour it blends into the canopy so the loud, frequent calls are often the only indication of its presence. The calls consisting of the notes ''took-a-rook'', ''pu-ku-ruk'', ''kut-ru-uk'' are repeated 90-105 times per minute.<ref name="SalimAli_Indian2012"/><ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet"/>

=== Diet ===
The blue-throated barbet feeds on fruits and berries, especially figs of ''Ficus'' species. It is often seen in the upper canopy of fruiting trees, singly and in groups. It also eats insect larvae, [[Cricket (insect)|crickets]], [[Mantidae|mantids]] and large [[Centipede|centipedes]] while perched, and sometimes catches [[Termite|flying termites]] in the air.<ref name="SalimAli_Indian2012">{{Cite book|last=Ali|first=S.|title=The Book of Indian Birds|publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-566523-9|edition=13th|location=New Delhi|pages=}}</ref><ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet">{{Cite web |last=Krishnan |first=A. |date=2023 |editor-last=Sly |editor-first=N.D. |title=Blue-throated Barbet (''Psilopogon asiaticus''), version 2.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/bltbar2/cur/foodhabits |access-date=22 October 2024 |website=[[Birds of the World]] |publisher=[[Cornell Lab of Ornithology]]}}</ref>

=== Breeding ===
Both parents share the duties of nest building, incubation and rearing of the young. While courting, pairs feed and vocalise together. Display during courting includes bobbing and twisting of the head and wagging of the tail.
The nesting season is March to June. Nests are made by excavating holes in tree trunks and sloping branches. The nests are usually between {{Cvt|3-7.5|m}} above the ground. Dead tree trunks are also used. The nest may be lined with wood chips and sometimes grasses. Nests are reused over several years. Old nests of woodpeckers may be taken over.

The female lays 3-4 matte white eggs. The eggs are incubated for 14 days with both parents ensuring continuous incubation. After the chicks hatch, they remain with the parents for a short duration only.<ref name="SalimAli_Indian2012"/><ref name="BOW_BlueBarbet"/>

== Conservation and threats ==
The blue-throated barbet is not threatened, but categorised as [[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] on the [[IUCN Red List]], as the population is thought to be stable. It is a common bird in northeast India.<ref name=iucn/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |author=BirdLife International |year=2021 |title=Species factsheet:: Blue-throated Barbet ''Psilopogon asiaticus'' |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/blue-throated-barbet-psilopogon-asiaticus |work=Birdlife Datazone}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1260143}}

[[Category:Psilopogon|blue-throated barbet]]
[[Category:Birds of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Birds of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Birds of Northeast India]]
[[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Yunnan]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1790|blue-throated barbet]]
[[Category:Birds of Myanmar]]

Rambilli

2025-12-02T16:57:08Z

Pandit debotosh dey: quick rework content for clarity additionally and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rambilli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =Konaseema of vizag or Mini konaseema
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline = Stone carved Lord Ganapati at Dharalingeshwara temple near Atchutapuram of Visakhapatnam Dist in Andhra Pradesh.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Stone carved Lord [[Ganapati]] at Dharapalem Temple
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|27|52|N|82|55|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 531 061
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP31 (Former)]] AP39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New ‘AP 39’ code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2019 |accessdate=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
[[File:S-AP-456 Dharmalingeswara temple 3.JPG|thumb|250px|Dharmalingeswara temple at Panchadarla, Rambilli mandal]]

'''Rambilli''' is a village and a [[Subdivisions of India|Mandal]] in [[Anakapalli district]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in Visakhapatnam district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/visakhapatnam.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=6 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319222910/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/Visakhapatnam.pdf|archivedate=19 March 2015|format=PDF}}</ref> There is a famous Lord Shiva Temple "Sri Dharalingeswara Swamy Temple" in Rambilli mandal at Panchadaarla (meaning five [[Sacred waters|sacred water]] flows) in Dharapalem village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/|title=List of Sub-Districts |publisher=Census of India|accessdate=2007-03-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/17/stories/2006091718250100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204211016/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/17/stories/2006091718250100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-12-04 |title=Front Page : Navy to have second base near Vizag |date=2006-09-17 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=2013-02-06}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Anakapalli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Anakapalli district]]

Zalim Singh II

2025-11-27T22:12:26Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made initial biography initial version...

{{Short description|Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar from 1875 to 1896}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Maharaj Rana Zalim Singh II
| title = Maharaj Rana
| image = Zalim Singh II.png
| alt = Portrait of Zalim Singh II
| succession = [[Jhalawar State|Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar]]
| reign = 1 June 1876 – 22 March 1896
| coronation = 24 June 1876
| predecessor = [[Prithviraj Singh|Prithvi Singh]]
| successor = [[Bhawani Singh of Jhalawar|Bhawani Singh]]
| birth_name = Kumarji Vakht Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date|1864|11|05|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Wadhawan]], Wadhawan State [[Kathiawar]], [[Gujarat]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1912|10|08|1864|11|05|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Varanasi]], [[Benaras State]]
| spouse = *Maharaniji Rathoreji Kishan Kanwarji of [[Kishangarh State]]
*Maharaniji Gohelji of [[Limbda]] in [[Gujarat]]
| full name = Zalim Singh II
| house = {{plainlist|
*{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jhalawar.svg}} [[Jhalawar State|Jhalawar]] (by adoption)
* {{flagicon image|Wadhwan_flag.svg}} [[Wadhwan State|Wadhwan]] (by birth)
}}
| house-type =
| father = {{plainlist|
* [[Prithviraj Singh|Prithvi Singh]] (adoptive)
* Kumarji Saheb Kesari Sinh of [[Wadhawan]](biological)
}}
| mother = Jadejiji of [[Morvi State]]
| investiture = 21 February 1884
| dynasty = [[Jhala (clan)|Jhala]]
}}
'''Maharaj Rana Zalim Singh II''' was the third [[Jhala Rajput]] ruler of [[Jhalawar State|Jhalawar]] in the [[British Raj]] from the year 1875 until his deposition in 1896.

== Birth ==
Rana Zalim Singh, originally born as Kumarji Saheb Wakht Sinhji in the year 1864, was the son of Kumarji Saheb Kesari Sinhji, the second son of Thakore Saheb Rai Sinhji of [[Wadhwan State|Wadhwan]] in [[Gujarat]].He was adopted from the place keeping in view with the fact the succession at Jhalawar continue from the original parent branch, the Wadhawan branch of Jhala Rajputs.

== Education ==
He was educated at the [[Mayo College]] in [[Ajmer]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Bayley |first=C. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/chiefsleadingfam00csba |title=Chiefs and leading families in Rajputana |date=2004 |publisher=New Delhi : Asian Educational Services |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-206-1066-8 |pages=86}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AupAAAAAIBAJ |title=The Glasgow Herald |publisher=The Glasgow Herald |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref>

== Adoption ==
Maharaj Rana [[Prithviraj Singh|Prithvi Singh]] of [[Jhalawar State|Jhalawar]], who had no male child of his own, adopted Bakht Singh, aged 9, from the [[Jhala]] family of [[Wadhwan State|Wadhwan]], in 1873.<ref name=":0" /> Bakht Singh was related to him in the ninth degree.<ref name=":0" />

== Succession ==
When Maharaj Rana [[Prithviraj Singh|Prithvi Singh]] died on 29 August 1875,<ref name=":0" /> the question of succession remained undecided for some time due to the rumored pregnancy of his widow; however, no child was born to her.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Aitchison |first=C. U. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35556 |title=A Collection Of Treaties, Engagements, And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries Volume Iii Containing The Treaties Amp C., Relating To The States In Rajpuratana |date=1909 |pages=365–366}}</ref> On 1 June 1876, Bakht Singh was acknowledged as the successor to the late Prithvi Singh and was installed as the Maharaj Rana of [[Jhalawar State|Jhalawar]] on 24 June 1876.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> On this occasion, he took the name Zalim Singh in accordance with family custom.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Reign ==
At the time of his accession, he was a minor, so the state was placed under the superintendence of a British officer.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> On his coming of age in November 1883, he was invested with full administrative powers over his state on 21 February 1884.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> However, he had to follow certain rules: he needed to consult the Political Agent about important matters and heed his advice, and he had to obtain the Political Agent's approval before making any significant changes or altering the current operations.<ref name=":1" /> But he failed to administer his government in accordance with these principles.<ref name=":0" /> In September 1887, the Government of India withdrew his powers and restored the arrangements that were in force during his minority.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In November 1992, he was again entrusted with some departments of the administration, when he promised reform.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> However, he failed to govern the state properly and was deposed on 22 March 1896.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vadivelu |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeeRRf0EhnIC |title=The Ruling Chiefs, Nobles & Zamindars of India |date=1915 |publisher=G.C. Loganadham |pages=295 |language=en}}</ref>

Following this, he went on to live in [[Varanasi]] on a pension of £2,000 (Rs. 30,000),<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Baynes |first=Thomas Spencer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqPDnoSVF-oC |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature |date=1902 |publisher=A. and C. Black |pages=749 |language=en}}</ref> and the administration of the state was placed in the hands of a British resident.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LYZWBLGaOSkC |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica: Italy-Kyshtym |date=1911 |publisher=At the University Press |pages=412 |language=en}}</ref> A major portion of the territories ceded by the [[Kingdom of Kota|Kota State]] by the Treaty of 1838 to form the [[Jhalawar State]] was reverted to them in 1897, as Zalim Singh I's heirs and successors had failed after his deposition.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.34582 |title=Memoranda On The Indian States 1930 |date=1933 |pages=138, 141–142}}</ref> With the remaining portion, a new state was formed, of which [[Sir Bhawani Singh|Bhawani Singh]] was made the first ruler in 1899.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />

== Marriages ==
He married twice: first, in 1886, to a sister of Maharaja Sir Sadul Singh of [[Kishangarh State|Kishangarh]], and secondly, a few months later, to a daughter of the Thakur of Limri from the [[Gohil dynasty|Gohil]] family in [[Kathiawar]].<ref name=":0" /> He had no children.<ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
He died in [[Varanasi]] on the 8 October 1912.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35813 |title=Kishangarh Darbars Rejoinder To The Jhalawar Darbars Claim To The Property Left By The Late Ex-maharani Rathoriji Of Jhalawar |date=1927 |pages=1, 3, 8, 15}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh II, Zalim}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1912 deaths]]
[[Category:People from British India]]

Vikrant

2025-11-08T13:02:26Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{wikt|sa:विक्रान्त}}
'''Vikrant''' or '''Vikrānta''', a name of Indian origin that means ''powerful'' or ''brave'', may refer to:

==People==
* [[Vikranth]] (born 1984), Indian actor
* [[Vikrant Auti]] (born 1994), Indian cricketer
* [[Vikrant Baliyan]], India mixed martial arts fighter
* [[Vikrant Bhargava]] (born 1972), Indian-born British entrepreneur
* [[Vikrant Chaturvedi]] (born 1970), Indian actor
* [[Vikrant Massey]] (born 1987), Indian actor
* [[Vikrant Rajput]] (born 1992), Indian cricketer
* [[Vikrant Shetty]] (born 1983), UAE cricketer
* [[Vikrant Singh Rajpoot]] (born 1986), Indian film actor
* Vikrant Rona, titular character of the 2022 Indian thriller film [[Vikrant Rona|''Vikrant Rona'']], portrayed by Sudeepa
* Vikrant Kaul, fictional character in the 2025 Indian film [[War 2 (film)|''War 2'']], portrayed by Anil Kapoor

==Aircraft carriers==
* {{INS|Vikrant|1961}}, decommissioned in 1997
* {{sclass|Vikrant|aircraft carrier|2}}
** {{INS|Vikrant|2013}}, commissioned in 2022

==See also==
{{canned search|Vikrant|Vikranta|Vikrantha|Vikranth}}
* {{look from}}
* {{in title|Vikranta}}
* {{in title|Vikranth}}

{{disambiguation|given name}}

2024 Kanker clash

2025-10-30T15:53:50Z

Pandit debotosh dey: put up the stub and citations - done

{{Short description|Maoist attack in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2024 Kanker clash
| partof = the [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
| image = Kanker in Chhattisgarh (India).svg
| image_size =
| caption = Location of Kanker district
| date = 16 April 2024
| place = [[Kanker district]], Chhattisgarh, India
| territory =
| result = Indian victory • Maoist activity greatly suppressed
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|South Asian Communist Banner.svg}} [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| combatant2 = {{flag|India}}
| commander1 = [[Shankar Rao (Maoist leader)|Shankar Rao]]{{KIA}} Vinod Gawde{{KIA}} Lalitha{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=3 'Senior Commanders' Among 29 Maoists Killed In Bastar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/3-senior-commanders-among-29-maoists-killed-in-bastar/articleshow/109360008.cms|access-date=2024-04-17|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
| commander2 = Unknown
| units1 = Unknown
| units2 = {{flagicon image|BSF Flag.svg}} [[Border Security Force]] [[State Armed Police Forces|District Reserve Guard]]
| strength1 = 29+
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = 29 killed<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top Maoist Leader Among At Least 29 Killed In Big Chhattisgarh Encounter|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/several-maoists-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-chhattisgarh-5455181|access-date=2024-04-16|website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
| casualties2 = 3 injured<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top Maoist Leader Among At Least 29 Killed In Big Chhattisgarh Encounter|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/several-maoists-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-chhattisgarh-5455181|access-date=2024-04-16|website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Naxalite insurgency}}{{Campaignbox India terrorism}}
}}

The '''2024 Kanker clash''' was an encounter between cadres of the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]] and Indian security forces in the [[Kanker district]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]. It was one of deadliest encounters for the rebels in the insurgency.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dwary |first=Anurag |date=2024-04-16 |title=Top Maoist Leader Among At Least 29 Killed In Big Chhattisgarh Encounter |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/several-maoists-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-chhattisgarh-5455181 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

== Background ==
Anti-maoists operations were ongoing in the area regarding [[2024 Indian general election]], as Maoists have boycotted the elections and threatened to attack polling stations.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bastar encounter: 29 Maoists killed in massive operation by security forces days before Lok Sabha polls |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bastar-encounter-naxals-maoists-killed-security-personnel-injured/3458855/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Financial Express}}</ref>

== Attack ==
The units of [[Border Security Forces]] and District Reserve Guards were patrolling forest near Binagunda village of Kanker district, when they came under heavy fire from the Maoists. After a heavy exchange of gunfire, security Forces recovered bodies of 29 Maoists along with, twenty-two weapons, including one [[AK-47]] rifle, two [[INSAS rifle|INSAS rifles]], one [[Self-loading rifle|Self-Loading Rifle]] (SLR), one [[carbine]], three [[.303 British|.303 rifles]], two .315 bore rifles, two 9MM pistols, two country-made launchers, eight muzzle loading guns, one country-made [[Grenade|hand grenade]] and a huge cache of ammunitions were recovered from the encounter site. Security forces suffered with 3 personnel injured, two of whom had non-life-threatening injuries.<ref name=":0" />

== Aftermath ==
The encounter is considered one of the most successful anti-Naxal operations in years. As of April 2024, the operations by security forces has resulted in killing of about 68 Maoists. The encounter can also be considered a major political victory for the government as elections were just 3 days ahead of the operation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mishra |first=Ritesh |date=2024-04-16 |title=29 Maoists killed in encounter with security forces in Bastar's Kanker |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/29-maoists-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-bastar-s-kanker-101713277419760.html |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[2024 Abujhmarh clash]]
*[[2025 Bijapur clash]]
*[[2025 Abujhmarh clash]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Encounters in India|Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:2020s in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:April 2024 in India]]
[[Category:Kanker district]]
[[Category:2024 military operations]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist) attacks]]

Sawanih-i-Deccan

2025-10-02T18:43:44Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made basic post and citations...

{{Short description|18th Century Hyderabadi Persian Manuscript}}
{{Sources exist|date=October 2022}}
'''Sawānih-i-Deccan''' (''News of Deccan'') was a work compiled by Munim Khan al-Hamdani al-Aurangabadi in 1197 A.H. (1782 A.D.).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2O07AQAAIAAJ|title=Journal: Humanities. Section A., Volumes 33-36|publisher=University of Madras|year=1961|page=141}}</ref> It is an unpublished manuscript<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2O07AQAAIAAJ|title=A Thousand Laurels--Dr. Sadiq Naqvi: Studies on Medieval India with Special Reference to Deccan, Volume 2|publisher=Felicitation Committee, Department of History & Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Osmania University|year=2005|page=588}}</ref> in [[Persian language|Persian]] and gives statistics of revenue accounts of the six [[Subah|subas]] of the [[Deccan]] with a historical account of the [[Asaf Jahis]] or Nizams of [[Hyderabad]]. Munim Khan was a military commander during the regime of [[Asaf Jah II]]. This work gave more insight about the regime of Asaf Jahis between 1724 A.D. and 1783 A.D.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfNLEAAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Research on the Role of Libraries, Archives, and Museums in Achieving Civic Engagement and Social Justice in Smart Cities|author=Taher Mohamed|publisher=IGI Global|year=2021|page=110|isbn=9781799883654 }}</ref> It also describes the administrative divisions and revenue of the Mughal Deccan during the last years of Aurangzeb's regime.<ref name="DawoodAshraf"/> A detailed list of Sarkars, Mahals (Parganas) and Villages along with their revenue was mentioned.

The two manuscript copies of this work are preserved in Hyderabad. First one is in Andhra Pradesh State Archives under manuscript number 22<ref name="DawoodAshraf">{{cite thesis|last=Syed|first=Dawood Ashraf|type=Doctoral Thesis|chapter=I|url=https://archive.org/details/MughalAdministrationOfTheDeccan16581707WithSpecialReferenceToMaharashtra|title=Mughal Administration of the Deccan 1658-1707 (With Special Reference to Maharashtra)|publisher= University of Poona|year=1987|page=32|access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref> and second one is in Oriental Manuscript Library and Research, Institute.

Other resources to know about the administration divisions during the Mughal rule and early Nizam rule were ''Dastūr-al-amal-e-shāhanshāhi'' (1781) by Munshī Thākur Lāl,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0HzUDwAAQBAJ|title=Land and Law in Mughal India: A Family of Landlords across Three Indian Empires|author=Nandini Chatterjee|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2020|page=127|isbn=9781108486033}}</ref> and ''Deh-be-dehi'' (c.1705) by Md. Shafīq.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRweAAAAMAAJ|title=Mughal Administration of Deccan Under Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah, 1720-48 A.D.|author=M. A. Nayeem|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|year=1985|page=100|isbn=9788172243258}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hyderabad State]]
*[[Rajamundry Sarkar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:18th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:1782 in India]]
[[Category:Indian manuscripts]]
[[Category:Persian-language literature]]
[[Category:Islamic illuminated manuscripts]]
[[Category:18th-century Persian books]]

{{India-hist-stub}}

Tiroda Thermal Power Station

2025-09-30T05:32:52Z

Pandit debotosh dey: revise

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}{{Short description|Thermal power plant in Maharashtra, India}}
[[File:Adani Tirora.jpg|alt=Tiroda Thermal Power Plant operated by Adani Power Maharashtra Limited.|thumb|''Tiroda Thermal Power Plant operated by Adani Power Maharashtra Limited.'']]

'''Tiroda Thermal Power Station''' is a coal-based thermal power plant located near [[Tirora]] in [[Gondia district]], [[Maharashtra]]. The power plant is operated by [[Adani Power]].

==Capacity==
The power station has a planned capacity of 3,300 MW (5x660 MW).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adanipower.com/power-thermal|title=Power Generation - Thermal Power Plants - Station - Mundra, Tiroda|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Stage !! Unit number !! Installed capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Date of commissioning !! Status
|-J;L/JKLM
| 1 || 1 || 660 || 2012 September || Running
|-
| 1 || 2 || 660, || 2013 March || Running
|-
| 1 || 3 || 660 || 2013 June || Running<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/adani-power-commissions-3rd-unit-at-maharashtra-plant/article4833211.ece|title=Adani Power commissions 3rd unit at Maharashtra plant|author=Virendra Pandit|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || 4 || 660 || 2014 April || Running<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/Jv2Ih444FhQCbWRNfZpGkI/Adani-power-commissions-fourth-unit-of-Tiroda-power-plant.html|title=Adani Power commissions 4th unit of Tiroda power plant in Gujarat|author=Makarand Gadgil|work=Live Mint|access-date=20 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || 5 || 660 || 2014 October || Running
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Clear}}

{{Adani Group}}
{{Portal|India|Energy}}
{{Power Plants of Maharashtra}}
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Coal-fired power stations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Gondia district]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Adani Group]]

{{India-powerstation-stub}}

K. P. Sankaran

2025-09-12T04:02:11Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Adding page

{{short description|Indian literary critic}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1939|5|15}}
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = literary critic
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| alma_mater =
| nationality = Indian
| spouse =
| children =
| notableworks =
| awards =
| yearsactive =
| native_name =
}}

'''K. P. Sankaran''' (born 15 May 1939) is a [[Malayalam|Malayalam–language]] literary critic from [[Kerala]], India.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091013100344/http://www.thehindu.com/2009/05/16/stories/2009051654570300.htm "Literary criticism a victim of terminology: Azhikode"]. [[Chennai|Madras]]: ''[[The Hindu]]''. 16 May 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref> Born in [[Painkulam]] in [[Trichur district]] of the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Cochin]] (now part of India), he was a teacher at [[St. Berchmans College|Changanacherry S.B. College]], [[Sree Kerala Varma College|Trichur Kerala Varma College]] and [[Regional Institute of Education, Mysore|Mysore Regional Institute of Education]] from where he retired in 2001. He resides with his wife Kamala Devi in Kottapparambu near Chelavoor, [[Calicut]] since 2019. He has authored around 30 books.<ref>P. N. Vijayan (11 December 2022). [https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/features/k-p-sankaran-writer-malayalam-literature-100th-birthday-writer-p-n-vijayan-writes-mathrubhumi-1.8124159 "'അധ്യാപകന്‍ എന്നനിലയില്‍ കെ.പി. ശങ്കരനെക്കുറിച്ച് പറയാന്‍ ഒരു വാക്കുമാത്രം മതി, സൗമനസ്യം'"]. [[Calicut]]: ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' (in Malayalam). Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.madhyamam.com/culture/literature/literary-critic-kp-sankaran-84-1105866 "സാഹിത്യനിരൂപകൻ കെ.പി. ശങ്കരൻ ശതാഭിഷേക നിറവിൽ"]. [[Calicut]]: ''[[Madhyamam]]'' (in Malayalam). 11 December 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/kozhikode/2022/12/11/kozhikode-poet-kp-sankarans-84th-birthday.html "തേടിയതെപ്പോഴും കവിതയുടെ കാതൽ; അധ്യാപനത്തിലും സ്വന്തം വഴി തെളിച്ച കാവ്യനിരൂപകൻ കെ.പി.ശങ്കരന് ഇന്നു ശതാഭിഷേകം"]. [[Kottayam]]: ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' (in Malayalam). 11 December 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.janmabhumi.in/news/main%20article/kp-shankars-centenary-today "െ.പി. ശങ്കരന് ഇന്ന് ശതാഭിഷേകം: വിമര്‍ശനത്തിന്റെ സാത്വികവിശുദ്ധി"]. [[Cochin]]: ''[[Janmabhumi]]'' (in Malayalam). 11 December 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>

==Works==
* ''Sameepanam'' (1970). [[Calicut]]: Poorna Publications
* ''Rithuparivarthanam'' (1972). [[Calicut]]: Poorna Publications
* ''Navakam'' (1988). [[Calicut]]: Poorna Publications
* ''Anuseelanam'' (2002). [[Trichur]]: Current Books
* ''Abhivadhyam'' (2005). [[Trichur]]: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]
* ''Thriveni'' (2005). [[Trichur]]: Current Books
* ''Sapthakam'' (2009). [[Trichur]]: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]
* ''C. S. Nair: Nammude Sahitya Vimarshanathinte Sukranakshatram'' (2013). Sukapuram: Vallathol Vidyapeetham
* ''Mattoru Vailoppilly'' (2015). Sukapuram: Vallathol Vidyapeetham
* ''Akkithaperuma'' (2022). Sukapuram: Vallathol Vidyapeetham<ref>[https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-1.7969042 "എടപ്പാളിൽ അക്കിത്തം സാഹിത്യോത്സവം ശനിയാഴ്ച തുടങ്ങും"]. [[Calicut]]: ''Mathrubhumi''. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* ''Kavitha Hridayam''
* ''Gandhi Kavithakal: Pathanam''
* ''[[Adhyatma Ramayana]]m: Samshodhanam, Vyakhyanam''
* ''[[Hari Nama Keerthanam]]: Vyakhyanam''
* ''[[Mahabharata]]m: Oru Punarvayana''
* ''[[Jnanappana]]: Vyakhyanam''

==Awards==
* 2004: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Literary Criticism]] (''Anuseelanam'')<ref>[http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Mal_Awards.htm "Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426134403/http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/Mal_Awards.htm |date=26 April 2013 }} (in Malayalam). [[Trichur]]: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* 2008: [[Deviprasadam Trust Award]]<ref>[https://www.namboothiri.com/articles/awards.htm "Awards, Trusts and Scholarships: 2: Deviprasaadam Trust"]. Namboothiri.com. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* 2012: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions]]<ref>[http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/article/news/2650/ "എം.പി വീരേന്ദ്രകുമാറിനും സക്കറിയക്കും സാഹിത്യഅക്കാദമി വിശിഷ്ടാംഗത്വം"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20131011134540/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/article/news/2650/#selection-263.0-263.68 |date=11 October 2013 }} (in Malayalam). Calicut: ''Mathrubhumi''. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* 2017: [[Cherukad Award]]<ref>[https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/news-kerala-24-10-2017/680491 "ചെറുകാട് അവാര്‍ഡ് പ്രൊഫ. കെ പി ശങ്കരന്"]. [[Calicut]]: ''[[Deshabhimani]]'' (in Malayalam). 24 October 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* 2019: [[S. Guptan Nair]] Award<ref>[https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=41626&u=k-p-sankaran-41626 "കെ.പി. ശങ്കരന് എസ്.ഗുപ്തൻനായർ പുരസ്കാരം"]. [[Trivandrum]]: ''[[Kerala Kaumudi]]'' (in Malayalam). 23 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* 2019: Vyloppilli Jayanthi Award<ref>[https://www.madhyamam.com/local-news/thrissur/611016 "വൈലോപ്പിള്ളി ജയന്തി പുരസ്കാരം പ്രഫ. കെ.പി. ശങ്കരന്"]. Calicut: ''Madhyamam'' (in Malayalam). 15 May 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</ref>
* 2021: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-for-vaisakhan-kp-sankaran/article65689827.ece |title=State Sahitya Akademi fellowships for Vaisakhan, K.P. Sankaran |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |location=Madras |date=27 July 2022 |accessdate=3 January 2023}}</ref>
* 2023: [[List of Malayalam literary awards#Akkitham Award|Akkitham Award]]<ref>{{cite news |title=തപസ്യ അക്കിത്തം പുരസ്കാരം കെ.പി. ശങ്കരന് |newspaper=Mathrubhumi |date=26 November 2023 |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/palakkad/news/palakkad-1.9103859 |access-date=2 April 2024 }}</ref>
* K. P. Narayana Pisharody Award
* Dr. C. P. Menon Memorial Award

==References==
<references />

{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marar, Kuttikrishna}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]

Mali caste

2025-08-29T15:00:33Z

Pandit debotosh dey: small fix

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|Occupational caste among Hindus}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{multiple image
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| image_style = border:none;
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| footer = Malis in western India (c. 1855-1862).
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The '''Mali''' are an occupational [[caste]] found among the Hindus who traditionally worked as gardeners and florists. They also call themselves '''Phul Mali''' due to their occupation of growing flowers. The Mali are found throughout [[North India]], [[East India]] as well as the [[Terai]] region of [[Nepal]] and [[Maharashtra]].
[[Iravati Karve]], an anthropologist, showed how the Maratha caste was generated from Kunbis who simply started calling themselves "Maratha". She states that Maratha, Kunbi and Mali are the three main farming communities of Maharashtra – the difference being that the Marathas and Kunbis were "dry farmers" whereas the Mali farmed throughout the year.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.215170|title=Anthropometric measurements of the Marathas|publisher=Deccan College Postgraduate Research Institute|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.215170/page/n16 13], 14|author=Irawati Karmarkar Karve|year=1948|quote=These figures as they stand are obviously wrong. The Marathas had not doubled their numbers between 1901 and 1911 nor were the Kunbis reduced by almost three-fourths. Either the recorders had made wrong entries or what is more probable, "Kunbi" as a caste-category was no longer acceptable to cultivators who must have given up their old appellation, Kunbi, and taken up the caste name, Maratha. ... The agricultural community of the Maratha country is made up of Kunbis, Marathas and Malis. The first two are dry farmers depending solely on the monsoon rains for their crop, while the Malis work on irrigated lands working their fields all the year round on well-water or canals and growing fruit, vegetables, sugarcane and some varieties of cereals}}</ref>

==Mali of Northern india==
In [[Rajasthan]], caste based outfits of Mali caste, like 'Mahatama Phule Brigade', which caters to various needs of community associates them with [[Kushwaha]] caste. It is consented that [[Maurya (surname)|Maurya]], Kushwaha, Shakya, Saini are the different terms used to describe same community in various parts of North India.<ref name=IE>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/mali-quota-affidavits-ashok-gehlot-rahul-gandhi-caste-census-8575779/|title=Caught off guard by Mali quota stir before polls, Gehlot invokes Rahul to pitch for caste census|website=Indian express|date=25 April 2023 |accessdate=6 May 2023|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430210020/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/mali-quota-affidavits-ashok-gehlot-rahul-gandhi-caste-census-8575779/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=J k |title=Mansingh ri khyat |publisher=Rajasthan oriental research institute |year=1979 |edition=1979 |location=Jodhpur |pages=20 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

Malis of Rajasthan launched a protest by blocking [[National Highway 21 (India)|Jaipur-Agra Highway]] in 2023; they demanded that a survey should be conducted by state in order to find out socio-economic status of the community in various regions of Rajasthan. They also demanded 12 percent reservation in government jobs and educational institutions in state for themselves and their sister communities, the [[Shakya (surname)|Shakya]], [[Kushwaha]], [[Maurya (surname)|Maurya]] and [[Saini (surname)|Saini]]. In this protest, they were joined by members of aforementioned communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/jaipur/mali-community-calls-off-quota-agitation-in-rajasthan-after-11-days-8587982/|title=Mali community calls off quota agitation in Rajasthan after 11 days|website=Indian express|date=2 May 2023 |accessdate=26 August 2023}}</ref>

== Caste identity ==
In the Northernmost plain-land of [[Punjab]] most of the [[Mali Saini|Mali’s]] (or Gardner) belong to disaffiliated communities of [[Saini]] origin, while most of them were indefinably look below the member of [[Kshatriya|Kshatriya (Rajput)]] or [[Jat community]].

The Mali community of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Haryana]] state adopted the surname Saini during the 1930s when India was under British colonial rule.<ref name="Neo Saini2">{{cite journal |author=Aggarwal, Partap C |year=1966 |title=Problems of Cultural Integration A Muslim Sub-Caste of North India |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1966/4/special-articles/muslim-sub-caste-north-india-problems-cultural-integration.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=159–161 |jstor=4356925 |quote=...the Malis (ie gardners who call themselves Saini now)..}}</ref><ref name="Neo-Saini3">''"At the time of 1941 Census most of them got registered themselves as Saini (Sainik Kshatriya) Malis."'' pp 7, Census of India, 1961, Volume 14, Issue 5 , Office of the Registrar General, India.</ref>

== Mali caste of Maharashtra ==
[[File:Jyotirao Phule 1977 stamp of India.jpg|right|thumb|Jyotirao Phule,19th century social reformer]]
The Mali of [[Maharashtra]] are a caste of cultivators specializing in horticulture.<ref name="Omvedt1993">{{cite book|author=Gail Omvedt|title=Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India|url=https://archive.org/details/reinventingrevol0000omve|url-access=registration|date=18 June 1993|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-3176-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/reinventingrevol0000omve/page/336 336]}}</ref> The caste is concentrated in five districts of Western Maharashtra and a district in the [[Vidarbha]] region.<ref name="JaffrelotKumar2012">{{cite book|author1=Christophe Jaffrelot |author2=Sanjay Kumar |author3=Rajendra Vora|title=Rise of the Plebeians? The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78rfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1|date=4 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-51662-7|page=217}}</ref> They traditionally made their living by cultivating fruit, flowers and vegetables.<ref name="PATIL">{{cite book|author=Dr. S. L. PATIL|title=EXPORT OF IMPORTANT FRUIT CROPS OF MAHARASHTRA Volume-I|date=July 2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrMrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-365-92369-2|page=5}}</ref><ref name="O'Hanlon2002">{{cite book|first=Rosalind |last=O'Hanlon|title=Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kMrsTj1NeYC|date=22 August 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52308-0|page=105}}</ref> There are many different sub-castes depending on what the sub-group cultivated, for example, the Phul mali were florists, the Jire mali grew jire or [[cumin]], and halde mali cultivated Halad ([[turmeric]]) etc.<ref name="Ghurye1969">{{cite book|author=Govind Sadashiv Ghurye|title=Caste and Race in India|url=https://archive.org/details/casteraceinindia0000ghur|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7154-205-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/casteraceinindia0000ghur/page/38 38]}}</ref><ref name="Berntsen1988">{{cite book|author=Maxine Berntsen|title=The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PDr-QF4YmYC&pg=PA76|date=1 January 1988|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-88706-662-7|page=343}}</ref> In the 20th century, the mali have been the pioneers in using irrigation to grow cash crops such as sugar cane and in establishing farmer owned sugar mills.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lalwani|first=Mala|title=Sugar Co-operatives in Maharashtra: A Political Economy Perspective|journal=The Journal of Development Studies|year=2008|volume=44|issue=10|pages=1474–1505|doi=10.1080/00220380802265108 |s2cid=154425894 |url=http://www.mu.ac.in/arts/social_science/eco/pdfs/vibhuti/wp21.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117005640/http://www.mu.ac.in/arts/social_science/eco/pdfs/vibhuti/wp21.pdf|archivedate=17 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This led later in the century of wide spread cultivation of sugarcane in Western Maharashtra by other communities as well as the establishment hundreds of [[Cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra|sugar mills]] in Maharashtra and other regions of India.<ref>Attwood, D.W., 2010. How I Learned To Do Incorrect Research. Economic and Political Weekly, pp.37-44.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25742069?read-now=1&seq=6#page_scan_tab_contents]</ref><ref name="AttwoodAttwood2019">{{cite book|author1=Donald W. Attwood|author2=D W Attwood|title=Raising Cane: The Political Economy Of Sugar In Western India|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFyvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT11|date=16 September 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-030891-4|chapter=The Bombay Deccan: Cane & Gul production}}</ref>

===Social activism & politics===
The 19th century social reformer, [[Jyotirao Phule]] belonged to the Mali community. His work extended to many fields including eradication of untouchability and the caste system, and women's emancipation. He and his wife, [[Savitribai Phule]], were pioneers of education for women and [[Dalits]] in India. The couple was among the first native Indians to open a school for girls of India. He also founded a home for pregnant Hindu brahmin widows who were cast out by their families.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p = 135}} In 1873, Phule, along with his followers, formed the [[Satyashodhak Samaj]] (Society of Seekers of Truth) to attain equal rights for people from lower castes. Other Mali such as Gyanoba Sasane and Narayan lokhande were leading members and financial supporters of the Samaj in its early years.<ref name="bhadru">{{cite journal|last=Bhadru|first=G.|title=Contribution of [[Satyashodhak Samaj]] to the Low Caste Protest Movement in 19th Century |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=63 |year=2002 |pages=845–854 |jstor=44158153 }}</ref> Lokhande has been called the father of trade Unionism in India.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Narayan Meghaji Lokhande: The Father of Trade Union Movement in India|journal = Economic and Political Weekly|volume = 32|issue = 7|pages = 327–329|jstor = 4405089|last1 = Pandit|first1 = Nalini|year = 1997}}</ref>

==The Mali in Nepal==
The [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] of Nepal classifies the Mali as a subgroup within the broader social group of [[Madheshi people|Madheshi]] Other Caste.<ref>[https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II]</ref> At the time of the [[2011 Nepal census]], 14,995 people (0.1% of the population of Nepal) were Mali. The frequency of Malis by province was as follows:
* [[Madhesh Province]] (0.2%)
* [[Bagmati Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Gandaki Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Koshi Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Lumbini Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Karnali Province]] (0.0%)
* [[Sudurpashchim Province]] (0.0%)

The frequency of Malis was higher than national average (0.1%) in the following districts:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |title=2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report |access-date=11 April 2023 |archive-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314170005/https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Mahottari District|Mahottari]] (0.3%)
* [[Rautahat District|Rautahat]] (0.3%)
* [[Bara District|Bara]] (0.2%)
* [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha]] (0.2%)
* [[Parsa District|Parsa]] (0.2%)
* [[Saptari District|Saptari]] (0.2%)
* [[Sarlahi District|Sarlahi]] (0.2%)

==Notables==
*[[Jyotirao Phule]], social reformer, activist and businessman.
*[[Ashok Gehlot]], Chief Minister of Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://theprint.in/india/no-one-is-made-cm-on-basis-of-caste-ashok-gehlot/1283696/|title=No one is made CM on the basis of caste|website=The Print|date=26 December 2022 |accessdate=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.outlookindia.com/national/no-one-is-made-cm-on-basis-of-caste-ashok-gehlot-news-248502 |title=No one is made CM on the basis of caste |magazine=Outlook |agency=PTI |date=27 December 2022 |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Amol Kolhe|Dr. Amol Kolhe]], An Actor and Member of Parliament from Shirur lok sabha Constituency Pune Maharashtra.

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}
'''Media'''
{{refbegin}}
{{refend}}

{{commons category|Mali caste}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]

Auhawa Bangar

2025-08-18T07:26:25Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
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| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
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| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
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| pushpin_map_caption = Auhava Bangar location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.75651|N|77.69208|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mathura district|Mathura]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Lok Sabha]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mant Tehsil|Mant]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Vidhan Sabha]]
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| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]],
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Braj Bhasha]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
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| area_code_type = [[List of country calling codes|Telephone code]]
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| registration_plate = UP85 ''XXXX''
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Raya, Uttar Pradesh|Raya]], [[Bajna, India|Bajna]], [[Mathura]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest Villages
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhidauni]], [[Shihavan Bangar]], [[Kewat Nagla]]
| official_name =
}}
'''Auhawa Bangar''' is a village in Nohjhil Block, [[Mant Tehsil]] in Mathura District of Uttar Pradesh, India. It belongs to Agra Division. It is located 32 km north of district headquarters Mathura, and 13 km from Nohjhil.<ref>{{cite web|title=Auhawa Bangar|url=https://villageinfo.in/uttar-pradesh/mathura/mat/auhawa-bangar.html|website=villageinfo.in|accessdate=15 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=auhawa khader india|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/in/auhawa-khader/3119046/weather-forecast/3119046|website=weather-forecast|accessdate=15 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BhuLekh |url=https://upbhulekh.gov.in/public/village_list_new.jsp?pageId=RGPPR&dcode=145&tcode=00762&tname=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F&dname=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721115553/http://upbhulekh.gov.in/public/village_list_new.jsp?pageId=RGPPR&dcode=145&tcode=00762&tname=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F&dname=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2022 |website=upbhulekh.gov.in |accessdate=1 February 2019 }}</ref>

==Geography==
According to Census 2011, the location code or village code of Auhawa Bangar village is 123928.

The village has a lower literacy rate compared to Uttar Pradesh. In 2011, the literacy rate of Auhawa Bangar village was 63.80% compared to 67.68% of Uttar Pradesh.

Mat is the nearest town to Auhawa Bangar village.<ref>{{cite web|title=Auhawa Bangar Population - Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/123928-auhawa-bangar-uttar-pradesh.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|accessdate=15 July 2015}}</ref>

==Politics==
[[Mant (Assembly constituency)]] is the Vidhan Sabha constituency.<ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=11 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref> [[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)]] is the parliamentary constituency.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/mathura.html#sthash.Np3vzKmF.dpuf|title=Mathura General (Lok Sabha) Election Results 2019|website=elections.in|access-date=2 March 2021}}</ref>

== Nearby cities and villages ==
'''Cities'''
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Aligarh]]
* [[Khair]]
* [[Mathura]]
* [[Noida]]
* [[Vrindavan]]
* [[Hodal]]
* [[Hathras]]
{{div col end}}
'''Villages'''
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Surir]]
* [[Bhidauni]]
* [[Kewat Nagla]]
* [[Shihavan Bangar]]
{{div col end}}
== Adjacent communities ==

{{Expand section|date=September 2021}}
{{Adjacent communities
| Centre = Auhawa Bangar
| North =
| Northeast =
| East =
| Southeast =
| South =
| Southwest =
| West =
| Northwest =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mathura district}}
{{Villages in Mathura district}}

{{Villages in Mant Tehsil}}

[[Category:Villages in Mathura district]]

Villapuram

2025-08-13T04:06:17Z

Pandit debotosh dey: Made a article from scratch

{{use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Villapuram
|native_name =
|native_name_lang = ta
|other_name =
|settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
|image_skyline =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|nickname =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Tamil Nadu
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption = Villapuram, Madurai (Tamil Nadu)
|coordinates = {{coord|9|53|42.7|N|78|07|14.9|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = [[Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[File: TamilNadu Logo.svg|23x16px|border|alt=Tamil Nadu]][[Tamil Nadu]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Madurai district]]
|established_title = <! -- Established -->
|government_type =
|government_body =
|unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_rank =
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 155
|elevation_ft =
|population_total =
|population_as_of =
|population_rank =
|population_density_km2 =
|demographics_type1 = [[Language]]s
|demographics1_title1 = [[Official]]
|demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language]], [[English language]]
|demographics1_title2 = Speech
|demographics1_info2 = [[Tamil language]], [[English language]]
|timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1 = +5:30
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 625012
|area_code_type = [[Telephone]] Code
|area_code = 0452xxxxxxx
|registration_plate =
|blank1_name_sec1 = Neighbourhoods
|blank1_info_sec1 = [[Madurai]], East Gate, [[Nelpettai]], [[Simmakkal, Madurai|Simmakkal]], [[Sellur (Madurai)|Sellur]], Goripalayam, [[Tallakulam (Madurai)|Tallakulam]], Shenoy Nagar, [[Yanaikkal, Madurai|Yanaikkal]], [[Arappalayam]], [[Ellis Nagar]] and [[South Gate, Madurai|South Gate]]
|blank2_name_sec1 = [[Corporation]]
|blank2_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Municipal Corporation]]
|blank3_name_sec1 =
|blank3_info_sec1 =
|blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha|LS]]
|blank4_info_sec1 = [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]]
|blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|VS]]
|blank5_info_sec1 = [[Madurai South Assembly constituency]]
|blank6_name_sec1 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
|blank6_info_sec1 = [[S. Venkatesan]]
|blank7_name_sec1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
|blank7_info_sec1 = [[M. Boominathan]]
|website = https://madurai.nic.in
|footnotes =
}}

'''Villapuram''' is a neighbourhood in [[Madurai district]]<ref>{{Cite book |author=Tamil Nadu (India) Legislature Legislative Assembly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IY-2AAAAIAAJ&q=%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Who's who |date=1985 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Apūtaimiyyā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQ0XAAAAIAAJ&q=%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D |title=Peṇṇurimai pēṇiya Islām |date=1992 |publisher=Yācir Papḷikēṣan̲s |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=India Election Commission |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MpO2AAAAIAAJ&dq=Villapuram&pg=PA439 |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |date=1976 |publisher=Election Commission, India |language=en}}</ref> of [[Tamil Nadu]] state in the peninsular [[India]]. It is located at an altitude of about 155 m above the mean sea level with the geographical coordinates of {{coord|9|53|42.7|N|78|07|14.9|E}} (i.e., 9.895200°N, 78.120800°E). It was earlier known as Vilvapuram due to the presence of large quantities of Bael trees some times ago and then later renamed as Villapuram.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மு.முத்துக்குமரன் |title='கோடி ரூபாய் கொடுத்தாலும் கிடைக்காத வரம்!' - பாவக்காய் மண்டபப் பெருமை சொல்லும் வில்லாபுரத்துக்காரர்கள் |url=https://www.vikatan.com/news/temples/154768-chithirai-festival-of-meenakshi-temple |access-date=2022-12-24 |work=Vikatan |language=ta}}</ref> In Madurai, the mandapas built for the deities to come and stay during festivals are called mandagapadis. In this way, the Bhavakai Mandapam, which is about 400 years old, is located in Villapuram. During the ten days of Chitrait festival in Madurai, Meenakshi mman and Sundareswarar, who come to this mandapam on the fourth day, bless the devotees from here until the evening. The area where the mandapam is located is rich in produce of cantaloupe (commonly referred to as bitter gourd) and the people here offer them to the Lord.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=வில்லாபுரம் பாவக்காய் மண்டகப்படி.. இருவர் தொண்டால் ஊருக்கே கிடைத்த பாக்கியம்..!! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/local-news/madurai-madurai-chithirai-festival-villapuram-pavakkai-mandakapadi-special-aru-727606.html |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=News18 Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>

[[Madurai]], East Gate, [[Nelpettai]], [[Simmakkal, Madurai|Simmakkal]], [[Sellur (Madurai)|Sellur]], Goripalayam, [[Tallakulam (Madurai)|Tallakulam]], Shenoy Nagar, [[Yanaikkal, Madurai|Yanaikkal]], [[Arappalayam]], [[Ellis Nagar]] and [[South Gate, Madurai|South Gate]] are the major neighbourhoods of Villapuram area. A government school for the physically challenged is running in Villapuram.<ref>{{Cite web |title=மதுரை வில்லாபுரம் அரசு பள்ளியில் மாற்றுத் திறனாளி மாணவர் சேர்க்கை |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/todays-paper/regional02/685135-.html |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref> There is a flower market in Villapuram.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஆடி பெருக்கை முன்னிட்டு மதுரை வில்லாபுரம் சந்தையில் பூக்கள் விலை கிடுகிடு உயர்வு |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=695213 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.dinakaran.com |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224074404/https://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=695213 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Traders and public in the surrounding areas benefit from this.

== Transportation ==
[[Periyar Bus Terminus]] is situated at about 4 km from Villapuram. [[Arappalayam Bus Terminus]] is at a distance of 7 km from here. Bus services are available from the [[Mattuthavani Bus Stand, Madurai|MGR Integrated Bus Stand]], which is situated at a distance of about 10 km. On the road from Madurai to [[Aruppukkottai]] via. [[Kariapatti]], connecting the South gate area to Villapuram area, above the railway line, a bridge was constructed with the length of about 0.5 km and 12 meters wide in the year 1989 at a cost of Rs.75 lakhs. There is not enough space on the bridge in this congested area and the vehicular congestion continues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-17 |title=மதுரை தெற்குவாசல் பாலத்தால் கடும் போக்குவரத்து நெரிசல்: இடியாப்ப சிக்கலுக்கு தீர்வு "ஈரடுக்கு பாலம் |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/detail.php?id=805721 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203141934/http://m.dinamalar.com/detail.php?id=805721 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2017 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}</ref> In order to reduce traffic congestion, a new bridge will be constructed to pass near the existing bridge, starting from Nelpettai area and extending to [[Avaniapuram]] area, the distance being for about 5 km.<ref>{{Cite news |title=மதுரையில் 5 கி.மீ. நீளம்கொண்ட புதிய பறக்கும் பாலம் - விரைவில் அமைய உள்ளதாக நெடுஞ்சாலைத்துறை தகவல் |language=ta |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/889657-traffic-congestion-of-madurai-south-gateway-bridge.html |access-date=2022-12-14}}</ref> Villapuram is an area with a population of around 4 lakhs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-17 |title=மாநகராட்சியின் பெரிய கிராமங்களில் வி.ஏ.ஓ.,க்கள் பத்தல... பத்தல... : வருவாய்த் துறையில் நிர்வாக சீர்திருத்தம் அவசியம் |language=ta |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-madurai/news/3196210 |access-date=2022-12-18}}</ref> Villapuram Housing Board road, an important road here, has been built to connect Avaniapuram, Jaihindpuram and Villapuram areas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-10-14 |title=எங்கு பார்த்தாலும் கரடு முரடான பள்ளம்.. ஆழமான குழிகள்.. மதுரை வில்லாபுரம் ஹவுசிங் போர்டு சாலையின் அவலம்.. |language=ta |url=https://tamil.news18.com/madurai/avaniyapuram-villapuram-housing-board-road-on-bad-condition-818905.html |access-date=2022-12-18}}</ref> [[Madurai Junction railway station]] is located at a distance of about 4 km from Villapuram area. Madurai Airport, situated at [[Avaniapuram]], is about 8.5 km from here.
== Spirituality ==
The famous [[Meenakshi Temple, Madurai|Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple]] is about 4 km from Villapuram. The Kaliamman Muniyandiswamy Temple established here is functioning under the control of the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the Government of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arulmigu Kaliamman Muniyandiswamy Temple, Villapuram, Madurai - 625012, Madurai District [TM032023].,காளியம்மன்,காளியம்மன் |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=32023 |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=hrce.tn.gov.in}}</ref>
== Politics ==
Villapuram area falls under the [[Madurai South Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=மதுரை மாநகராட்சி பகுதியில் - வார்டு வாரியாக சட்டப்பேரவை தொகுதிகள் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/todays-paper/regional01/647019-.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref> The winner of the election held in the year 2021 as the member of its assembly constituency is [[M. Boominathan]]. Also, this area belongs to [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency]]. [[S. Venkatesan]] won the 2019 elections, as the member of its Lok Sabha constituency.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Villapuram&params=9_53_42.7_N_78_07_14.9_E_type:city_region:IN]

[[Category:Neighbourhoods and suburbs of Madurai]]

Mohan Jose

2025-07-31T22:17:19Z

Pandit debotosh dey: further updated details to improve readability and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohan Jose
| image =
| birth_place = [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], India,
| occupation = Actor
| spouse = Felishya
| children = 1
| parents = {{Plainlist|
* [[Pappukutty Bhagavathar]]
* Baby
}}
| years_active = 1980–present
}}

'''Mohan Jose''' is an Indian actor in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kerala.com/malayalamcinema/star-details.php?member_id=223|title=Malayalam movie photos, Malayalam cinema gallery, Malayalam cinema actress, Malayalam cinema photos, New Malayalam cinema|work=kerala.com}}</ref> He has acted in more than 100 films. He came into the movie industry portraying villains and later began acting in different comedy and character roles. He is the son of singer and actor [[Pappukutty Bhagavathar]].

==Career==
Mohan Jose was a government officer in [[Bombay]]. He debuted in ''[[Chamaram]]'' in 1980. Later he moved to [[Madras]] to become a full-time movie actor. [[Rajavinte Makan]], [[Bhoomiyile Rajakkanmar]], [[New Delhi]], [[Nair Saab]], [[Aye Auto]], [[Lelam]], [[Crime File]], [[Black (2004 film)|Black]], [[Nerariyan CBI]], [[Roudram]], and [[Crazy Gopalan]] are a few among other Malayalam movies in which he portrayed versatile and inimitable characters.

==Personal life==

He was born as the eldest son of famous singer [[Pappukutty Bhagavathar]] and Baby at [[Vypin]]. Playback singer [[Selma George]] is his sister. Malayalam film director [[K. G. George]] is his brother-in-law. He had his primary education from M.G.M School, [[Thiruvalla]] and Santa Cruz High School, [[Ernakulam|Ernakulam District]]. Mohan Jose married Felishya a beautician by profession, in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oli Mangatha Tharangal| date=27 August 2011 |url=http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xkr1uu_oli-mangatha-tharakal_shortfilms?start=178|publisher=suryatv.com|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> The couple has a daughter named Lovna. He lives along with his family in [[kochi]]

==Filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Eesho]] (2022)
* [[Keshu Ee Veedinte Nadhan]] (2021)
* [[Ganagandharvan]] (2019)
* [[Thoppil Joppan]] (2016)
* [[Welcome to Central Jail]] (2016)
* [[Loham]] (2015)
* [[Ring Master]] (2014)
* [[Nadodimannan]] (2013)
* [[Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus]] (2013)
* [[Bavuttiyude Namathil]] (2012)
* [[Masters (film)]] (2012)
* [[Teja Bhai & Family]] (2011)
* [[College Days (2010 film)|College Days]] (2010)
* [[Chattambinadu]] (2009)
* [[Roudram]] (2008)
* [[Annan Thambi]] (2008)
* [[Crazy Gopalan]] (2008)
* [[Chess (2006 film)]]
*[[Bhargavacharitham Moonam Khandam]] (2006)
* [[Thaskaraveeran (2005 film)|Thaskara Veeran]] (2005)
* [[Nerariyan CBI]] (2005)
*[[Kochi Rajavu]] (2005)
* [[Thommanum Makkalum]] (2005)
* [[Bus Conductor (2005 film)|Bus Conductor]] (2005)
* [[Udayon]] (2005)
* [[Black (2004 film)]]
* [[Runway (2004 film)]]
* Kannadikadavathu (2000)
* [[Mark Antony (2000 film)|Mark Antony (film)]] (2000)
* [[Crime File]] (1999)
* [[Pathram]] (1999)
* [[Vazhunnor]] (1999)
* [[F.I.R. (film)]] (1999)
* [[Thachiledathu Chundan]] (1999)
* [[Lelam]] (1997) as Keeri Vasavan
* [[Rajaputhran]] (1996)
* [[Agnidevan]] (1995)
* [[Thacholi Varghese Chekavar]] (1995)
* [[Indian Military Intelligence]] (1995)
* [[Paalayam|Palayam]] (1994)
* Chief Minister K.R. Gowthami (1994)
* [[Gandharvam]] (1993)
* [[Oru Kochu Bhoomikulukkam]] (1992)
* [[Aanaval Mothiram]] (1991)
* Kadalorakkaattu (1991)
* Cheppu Kilukanna Changathi (1991)
* Thudarkadha (1991)
* [[Aye Auto]] (1990)
* [[Indrajaalam]] (1990)
* Appu (1990)
* [[His Highness Abdullah]] (1990)
* [[Nair Saab]] (1989)
* [[Manu Uncle]] (1988)
* [[Dhinarathrangal]] (1988)
* Tantram (1988)
* [[New Delhi (1988 Hindi film)|New Delhi (1988 film)]] -Hindi
* [[1921 (1988 film)|1921 (film)]] (1988)
* [[Antima Teerpu (1988 film)]] -Telugu
* New Delhi (1988 film) _Kannada
* [[New Delhi (1987 film)]]
* [[January Oru Orma]] (1987)
* [[Bhoomiyile Rajakkanmar]] (1987)
* [[Vazhiyorakazchakal]] (1987)
* [[Yuvajanotsavam]] (1986)
* Nyayavidhi (1986)
* [[Rajavinte Makan]] (1986)
* [[Aayiram Kannukal]] (1986)
* [[Irakal]] (1985)
* [[Adaminte Vaariyellu]] (1984)
* [[Panchavadi Palam]] (1984)
* [[Lekhayude Maranam Oru Flashback]] (1983)
* [[Yavanika]] (1981)
* [[Dhanya (film)]] (1981)
* [[Justice Raja]] (1981)
* [[Chamaram]] (1980)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1731922}}
* [http://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=actors&artist=Mohan%20Jose&limit=16 Mohan Jose at MSI]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jose, Mohan}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

M. A. Hashem

2025-07-06T14:20:31Z

Pandit debotosh dey: fixed information for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician (1943–2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. A. Hashem
| native_name = এম এ হাসেম
| native_name_lang = bn
| constituency_MP = [[Noakhali-2]]
| term_start = 1 October 2001
| term_end = 28 October 2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-8th-parliament-members-bangla |title=List of 8th Parliament Members |publisher=Bangladesh Parliament |access-date=4 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918161135/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/8th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2018}}</ref>
| predecessor = [[Barkat Ullah Bulu]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-7th-parliament-members-bangla |title=List of 7th Parliament Members |publisher=Bangladesh Parliament |access-date=4 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064449/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/7th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>
| successor = [[Zainul Abdin Farroque]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1943|08|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Noakhali]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|12|24|1943|08|30|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
| spouse = Sultana Hashem
| occupation = Businessman, politician
| death_cause = [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]
}}

'''M. A. Hashem''' (30 August 1943 – 24 December 2020) was a [[Bangladeshi]] [[businessman]] and the founding chairman of [[Partex Group]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Partex Group chairman fails to turn up at ACC |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/52937/Partex-Group-chairman-fails-to-turn-up-at-ACC |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=22 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918231454/http://en.prothom-alo.com/bangladesh/news/52937/Partex-Group-chairman-fails-to-turn-up-at-ACC |archive-date=18 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=High lending rates hold businesses captive |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/high-lending-rates-hold-businesses-captive |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 September 2016 |date=9 October 2013}}</ref> He served as member of parliament from the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Moudud, Mosharraf to face trial |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/moudud-mosharraf-to-face-trial |work=bdnews24.com |date=21 May 2014 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jalil, Babar, Sheikh Selim, Altaf, Mintoo, others held in massive drive |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/29/d7052901011.htm |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 September 2016 |date=29 May 2007 |archive-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222022036/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/29/d7052901011.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jalil, Babar remanded; Altaf, Patal sent to jail |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/30/d7053001011.htm |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 September 2016 |date=30 May 2007 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923045504/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/30/d7053001011.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life ==
M. A. Hashem was born on 30 August 1943 in [[Sonaimuri Upazila|Sonaimuri]] of [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]].<ref name=death>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2020 |script-title=bn:পারটেক্স গ্রুপের চেয়ারম্যান এম এ হাসেম মারা গেছেন |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%8F-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-194309 |access-date=24 December 2020 |work=The Daily Star |language=bn}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 1959, Hashem began his career by trading tobacco. He went on to establish [[Partex Group]], one of the largest companies in Bangladesh, consisting of over 70 factories and employing over 50,000 people. Partex's companies are market leaders in nearly all sectors of industry in Bangladesh.<ref name="toi14Mar2014">{{Cite news |author=Moinak Mitra |date=14 March 2014 |title=South Asian Business Tycoons: How tycoons from Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka built thriving business empires |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/how-tycoons-from-nepal-bangladesh-pakistan-and-sri-lanka-built-thriving-business-empires/articleshow/32020991.cms |access-date=16 June 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He expanded his business into food & beverages, steel, real estate, furniture, plastics, paper, power and energy, jute, agribusiness, shipyards, shipping, cotton, textile, construction, IT, cables, aviation, PVC, ceramics, telecommunication, logistics, fisheries, etc.<ref name="toi14Mar2014" />

Hashem was elected to parliament in 2001 from [[Noakhali-2]] as a [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] candidate. He was arrested by the caretaker government in 2007 during the [[2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis|2006-2008 Bangladesh political crises]] along with most of the wealthiest people in the country at the time. He left the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in 2008 after the military-baked caretaker government regime in Bangladesh had ended and steadfastly denied his involvement in a business syndicate that manipulated commodity prices.<ref name="toi14Mar2014" /> He also said former prime minister [[Khaleda Zia]] had pressured him to join the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Politics is not the only way to serve the country, says former MP Hashem |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/politics-is-not-the-only-way-to-serve-the-country-says-former-mp-hashem |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=bdnews24.com |date=27 December 2016}}</ref>

In January 1992, [[United Commercial Bank Ltd|United Commercial Bank]] provided a 200 million taka loan to Russel Vegetable Oils Limited, an edible oil refiner. At that time, his wife, Sultana Hashem, and two brothers were directors of United Commercial Bank. Another loan was approved in November 1992 by the bank for the refinery for 4.5 million taka. The loan was rescheduled 4 times until 2000. The bank then sued the company to get its money back. In 2008, when Hashem and his son, Showkat Aziz Russell, were directors of United Commercial Bank; the bank agreed to settle the case for a payment of 50 million taka. Hashem is a founding member of United Commercial Bank and has served as the chairman for five years. He is also a founding member of [[The City Bank]] and has served as the chairperson for five years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 September 2017 |title=Bank bends rules for its directors |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/bank-bends-rules-its-directors-1459519 |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

On 8 April 2011, A Dhaka court framed charges against Hashem and eight members of his family and employees on a tax evasion case. The case was filed by National Board of Revenue, which accused them of dodging 5.97 billion taka in taxes from 2006 to 2008. Hashem and the other accused pleaded not guilty and demanded justice before the court. The two-year period that Hashem was accused of evading tax (2006-2008) is also the same two-year period of the [[2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis|2006-2008 Bangladesh political crises]].<ref name="ds8Apr2011">{{Cite news |date=8 April 2011 |title=Hashem family indicted for tax evasion |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-180955 |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, the International Finance Corporation or IFC of the World Bank Group published a report on the private sector in Bangladesh featuring 23 of Bangladesh's top companies based on revenue, Hashem's conglomerate Partex Group was on that list.<ref name="tbs24Dec2020">{{Cite news |date=24 December 2020 |title=MA Hashem: A legacy spanned from supplier to multi-industrialist |url=http://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/obituary/ma-hashem-legacy-spanned-supplier-multi-industrialist-176173 |access-date=16 June 2021 |work=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>

Hashem joined the board of trustees of [[IBAIS University]] in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2013 |title=MA Hashem joins IBAIS University Trustee Board |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/ma-hashem-joins-ibais-university-trustee-board |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He is a founding member of [[North South University]] and also sits on the trustee board.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Governance contest inaugurated at NSU |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/100576/governance-contest-inaugurated-at-nsu |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, he became the chairperson of the board of the university.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2019 |title=8th International HR Conference held at NSU |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/next-step/news/8th-international-hr-conference-held-nsu-1734751 |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

Having come from a modest background himself, Hashem has set up numerous charitable organisations and is widely acknowledged for his philanthropic work.<ref name="tbs24Dec2020" /> He has schools, hospitals, and other non-profit organisations in [[Noakhali District|Noakhali]].<ref name="tbs24Dec2020" />

== Personal life ==
Hashem was married to Sultana Hashem.<ref>{{cite news |title=Partex Group splits |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-145603 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 September 2016 |date=5 July 2010}}</ref> They had five sons — Aziz Al Kaiser, Aziz Al Mahmood, Aziz Al Masud, Rubel Aziz and Showkat Aziz Russell.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Partex chairman's son, former RAJUK chairman land in jail on graft charges |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/partex-chairman-s-son-and-former-rajuk-chairman-land-in-jail-on-graft-charges |access-date=7 July 2020 |work=bdnews24.com |date=9 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="ds8Apr2011" />

===Death===
Hashem died from [[COVID-19]] on 24 December 2020, at the [[Evercare Hospital Dhaka|Evercare Hospital]] in [[Dhaka]]. He was 77 years old.<ref name=death/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hashem, M. A.}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi chairpersons of corporations]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:People from Sonaimuri Upazila]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Government College of Commerce, Chittagong alumni]]

Victor Philips

2025-06-25T02:12:34Z

Pandit debotosh dey: brief rework formatting as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1950)}}
{{For|the Nigerian singer|Victor Obinna Philips}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Victor Philips
| image =
| caption =
| full_name = Victor John Philips
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|9|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madras State]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| position = [[Field hockey#Positions|Right Out]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Indian Railways
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
|medaltemplates={{MedalSport | Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]
{{MedalBronze|[[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich]]|[[Field hockey at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver | [[1973 Men's Hockey World Cup|1973 Amsterdam]] | Team }}
{{MedalGold|[[1975 Men's Hockey World Cup|1975 Kuala Lumpur]]|Team}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1974 Asian Games|1974 Tehran]]|[[Field hockey at the 1974 Asian Games|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1978 Asian Games|1978 Bangkok]]|[[Field hockey at the 1978 Asian Games|Team]]}}
}}

'''Victor John Philips''' (born 1 September 1950) is a retired Indian professional [[field hockey]] player. A former captain who played as a [[Field hockey#Positions|Right Out]], he led the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian national team]] during the [[1978 Men's Hockey World Cup|1978 World Cup]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ansari |first1=Khalid |title=India display humiliating performance in hockey World Cup at Buenos Aires |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19780430-india-display-humiliating-performance-in-hockey-world-cup-at-buenos-aires-822946-2014-04-17 |access-date=5 December 2018 |work=India Today |date=April 1978 |language=en}}</ref> and was a member of the side that won its [[1975 Men's Hockey World Cup|1975 edition]]. He was also a part of the bronze medal-winning squad at the [[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich Olympics]].<ref name="SR">{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/HOK/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417055240/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1972/HOK/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 April 2020 |title=Hockey at the 1972 Munich Summer Games |work=Sports Reference |accessdate=6 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="th1">{{cite web |last1=Dinakar |first1=S. |title=The game comes first to him |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/05/20/stories/0720051g.htm |access-date=5 December 2018 |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 May 2000}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Philips's older brother [[John Peter (field hockey)|John Peter]] represented India at three Olympic Games from 1960 to 1968, winning silver, gold and bronze medals respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=1964 Tokyo Olympics |url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/olympics/golden/1964.htm |website=Bharatiya Hockey |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref>

About his game, S. Dinakar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The striking aspects of Philips' game were his speed – he used to practice sprints regularly – and the ability to dribble. Time and again he would leave the defenders in a daze, cutting in dangerously from the right to score or producing defence- splitting crosses. He had his own style of converting penalty strokes, taking a step back, before moving up to push."<ref name="th1"/> [[Mir Ranjan Negi]] called him "one of the best outside rights India ever produced."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Negi |first1=Mir Ranjan |author-link1=Mir Ranjan Negi |title=From Gloom to Glory |date=2008 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=9788179914595 |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C5Az8wxrmQC |access-date=5 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> In recognition of his contribution to field hockey, Philips was given the award for lifetime achievement by the [[government of India]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arjuna award presentation on Tuesday |url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/arjuna-award-presentation-on-tuesday_1023.html |access-date=5 December 2018 |work=Zee News |agency=United News of India |date=28 August 2000 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{Sports-reference|id=ph/v-j-phillips-1}}
* {{cite web |last1=Sriram |first1=S. V. |title=Hero of yesteryear |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/17/stories/2003071700650400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 December 2018 |date=17 July 2003}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FH Squad 1972 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 1974 Asian Games}}
{{India FH Squad 1975 World Cup}}
{{India FH Squad 1976 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 1978 Asian Games}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philips, Victor}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Indian male field hockey players]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1976 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1974 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1978 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1974 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1978 Men's Hockey World Cup players]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in field hockey]]

B. C. Janardhan Reddy

2025-06-16T01:04:23Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = B. C. Janardhan Reddy
| image= B. C. Janardhan Reddy.jpg
| office = [[List of roads and buildings ministers of Andhra Pradesh |Minister of Road and Buildings]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 12 June 2024
| tern_end =
| governor = [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| predecessor = [[Dadisetti Ramalingeswara Rao]]
| office1 = [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Investment|Minister of Infrastructure and Investment]] [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 12 June 2024
| tern_end1 =
| governor1 = [[S. Abdul Nazeer]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| predecessor1 = [[Gudivada Amarnath]]
| successor =
| office2 = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 4 June 2024
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Katasani Rami Reddy]]
| successor2 =
| constituency2 = [[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency|Banaganapalle]]
| constituency3 = [[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency|Banaganapalle]]
| term_start3 = 16 May 2014
| term_end3 = 23 May 2019
| predecessor3 = [[Katasani Rami Reddy]]
| successor3 = [[Katasani Rami Reddy]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
}}
'''Bobbala Chinnolla Janardhan Reddy''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He has been a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] since 2014. He is the MLA of [[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency|Banaganapalle]] in [[Nandyal district]]. He is currently serving as the cabinet minister in [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers List 2024: Pawan Kalyan, Nara Lokesh among 24 ministers in Chandrababu Naidu’s Cabinet2">{{cite news |last1=The New Indian Express |first1= |date=12 June 2024 |title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers List 2024: Pawan Kalyan, Nara Lokesh among 24 ministers in Chandrababu Naidu's Cabinet |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-pradesh-ministers-list-2024-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-ap-full-cabinet-ministers-list-9387219/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613162022/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-pradesh-ministers-list-2024-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-ap-full-cabinet-ministers-list-9387219/ |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Naidu’s Cabinet A Mix Of 17 Freshers, Eight Experienced Ministers">{{cite news |last1=News18 |title=Naidu's Cabinet A Mix Of 17 Freshers, Eight Experienced Ministers |url=https://www.news18.com/politics/naidus-cabinet-a-mix-of-17-freshers-eight-experienced-ministers-8930806.html |access-date=13 June 2024 |date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613162640/https://www.news18.com/politics/naidus-cabinet-a-mix-of-17-freshers-eight-experienced-ministers-8930806.html |archive-date=13 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> At present, he is the Minister of Roads & Buildings and Infrastructure and Investments.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece|title=Full list of Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers with portfolios: Who gets what|website=The Hindu|access-date=2024-06-17}}</ref><ref name="deccan chronicle">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-state/andhra-pradesh/caste-equations-favour-three-ministers-from-kurnool-898667|title=Caste Equations Favour Three Ministers from Kurnool|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref><ref name="thewire">{{cite news|url=https://thewire.in/politics/andhra-n-chandrababu-naidu-and-his-ministers-including-8-first-time-mlas-take-oath|title=Andhra: N. Chandrababu Naidu and His Ministers – Including 8 First-Time MLAs – Take Oath|website=The Wire|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> He won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency]].<ref name="2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Kurnool">{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results - Banaganapalle |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S01140.htm |accessdate=11 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="AP Cabinet: Naidu, Pawan Kalyan, Lokesh and 22 MLAs to take oath">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=AP Cabinet: Naidu, Pawan Kalyan, Lokesh and 22 MLAs to take oath |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/ap-cabinet-naidu-pawan-kalyan-lokesh-and-22-mlas-to-take-oath/article68279918.ece |access-date=12 June 2024 |date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612035619/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/ap-cabinet-naidu-pawan-kalyan-lokesh-and-22-mlas-to-take-oath/article68279918.ece |archive-date=12 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019]]

Bangla Medium

2025-06-13T10:38:03Z

Pandit debotosh dey:

{{Short description|2022 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Bangla Medium.jpg
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| writer = Susanta Das and Sayantani Bhattacharya
| screenplay =
| story = Sayantani Bhattacharya Susanta Das
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring = [[Tiyasha Lepcha]] [[Neel Bhattacharya]] [[Sampurna Lahiri]]
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = "Gorbo Kori!... Bangla Medium"
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 325
| executive_producer = Rashmi Roy Shubhojit Singh
| producer = Susanta Das
| location = Kolkata
| cinematography = Partiosh Singh
| editor = Shubit
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Tent Cinema
| network = [[Star Jalsha]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2022|12|12|}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2023|11|02|}}
| related =
}}

'''''Bangla Medium''''' is an Indian [[Bengali language]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series which premiered from 12 December 2022 on [[Star Jalsha]] and also digitally available on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]. It stars [[Tiyasha Lepcha]], [[Neel Bhattacharya]] and [[Sampurna Lahiri]] as the leads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/tv-show-bangla-medium-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/98944027.cms|title=TV show ‘Bangla Medium’ completes 100 episodes - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Indira strives to create an atmosphere of schooling without bribery and illegal disputes. On her path, she meets Bikram, who is owns an English medium school. Once she begins teaching there in a spat of a challenge, her fate gets ties to Bikram unknowingly. The story then pursues on how Indira balances her life after a compromised marriage with Bikram, on the backdrop of schooling and hatred from her modern sister-in-law, Suhana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/neel-bhattacharya-and-tiyasha-lepchas-tv-show-bangla-medium-to-premiere-on-december-12/articleshow/95935442.cms|title=Neel Bhattacharya and Tiyasha Lepcha’s TV show ‘Bangla Medium’ to premiere on December 12 - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Tiyasha Lepcha]] as Indira Sarkar Chatterjee – A Bangla-medium graduate and Principal of Future Dreamz School; Vikram's wife (2022–2023)
* [[Neel Bhattacharya]] as Debjit "Vikram" Chatterjee – Director of Future Dreamz School; Dighu and Nibetida's son; Ananya's step-son; Sohana's brother; Arko's half-brother; Baban's step-brother; Sayan, Dalia, Rehan and Tiyash's cousin;Amrita's ex-boyfriend, Krish's(Amrita and Vicky' son) father; Pamela's ex-fiancé; Indira's husband. (2022–2023)
* [[Sampurna Lahiri]] / [[Misty Singh]] as Sohana Chatterjee Das – Dighu and Nibetida's daughter; Ananya's step-daughter; Vikram's sister; Arko's half-sister; Baban's step-sister; Sayan, Dalia, Rehan and Tiyash's cousin; Rajdeep's wife; Indira's former rival (2022–2023) / (2023)
* [[Raja Goswami]] as Rajdeep Das – Auto driver; Sumana and Rajendra's younger son; Suresh's brother; Sohana's husband (2023)

=== Recurring ===
* [[Arindam Banerjee]] as Diganta "Dighu" Chatterjee – Basanti's eldest son; Sumonto and Bibhas's brother; Nibedita's husband; Ananya's husband; Vikram, Sohana and Arko's father; Baban's step-father. (2022–2023)
* [[Swagata Mukherjee]] as Ananya Chatterjee – Dighu's second wife; Baban and Arko's mother; Sohana and Vikram's step-mother. (2022–2023)
* [[Nibedita Mukherjee]] as Nibedita Chatterjee – Dighu's wife; Sohana and Vikram's mother. (2023)
* [[Ratna Ghoshal]] as Basanti Chatterjee – Dighu, Sumonto and Bibhas's mother; Sohana, Vikram, Arko, Sayan, Dalia, Rehan and Tiyash's grandmother; Baban's step-grandmother. (2022–2023) (Dead)
* Avrajit Chakraborty as Sumonto Chatterjee – Future Dreamz School employee; Basanti's second son; Dighu and Bibhas's brother; Sayan and Dalia's single father. (2022–2023)
* Arnab Banerjee as Bibhas Chatterjee – Future Dreamz School employee; Basanti's youngest son; Dighu and Sumonto's brother; Subarna's husband; Rehan and Tiyash's father. (2022–2023)
* Payel Dutta as Subarna Chatterjee – Housewife; Bibhas's wife; Rehan and Tiyash's mother. (2022–2023)
* Reshma Mondal as Dalia Chatterjee – College student; Sumonto's daughter; Sayan's sister; Sohana, Vikram, Arko, Rehan and Tiyash's cousin; Baban's step-cousin. (2022–2023)
* Sourya Bhattacharya as Sayan Chatterjee – Future Dreamz School employee; Sumonto's son; Dalia's brother; Sohana, Vikram, Arko, Rehan and Tiyash's cousin; Baban's step-cousin; Abira's husband. (2022–2023)
* Priyanjali Das as Abira Chatterjee – Housewife; Sayan's wife. (2022–2023)
* Ayaan Ghosh as Arko Chatterjee – A photographer; Dighu and Ananya's son; Baban, Sohana and Vikram's half-brother; Sayan, Dalia, Rehan and Tiyash's brother. (2022–2023)
* Vivaan Ghosh as Baban – Ananya's son; Dighu's step-son; Arko's half-brother; Sohana and Vikram's step-brother; Sayan, Dalia, Rehan and Tiyash's step-cousin. (2023)
* Ayush Das as Rehan Chatterjee – Future Dreamz School student; Bibhas and Subarna's elder son; Tiyash's brother; Sohana, Vikram, Arko, Sayan and Dalia's cousin; Baban's step-cousin. (2022–2023)
* Kuyasha Biswas as Pamela – Vikram's ex-fiancée. (2022–2023)
* Manishankar Banerjee as Indira's deceased father. (2022)
* Nabonita Dey as Indira's aunt. (2022–2023)
* Sanjoy Basu as Indira's uncle. (2022–2023)
* [[Rii Sen]] as Mohona Basu – English teacher of Future Dreamz School (2023)
* Purbasha Roy as Mehuli – Social science teacher of Future Dreamz School. (2022–2023)
* Srishtipriya Das as Roshni – Math teacher of Future Dreamz School. (2022)
* Joy Badlani as Mr. Ajitabha Sinha – An industrialist. (2022)
* Pranabhi Bose as Mrs.Chatterjee – Science Teacher of Future Dreamz School.(2022)
* Ranjini Chattopadhyay as Sumana Das – Rajendra's wife; Suresh and Rajdeep's mother. (2023)
* Ashok Mukherjee as Rajendra Prasad Das – Sumana's husband; Suresh and Rajdeep's father. (2023)
* Anirban Ghosh as Suresh Das – Sumana and Rajendra's elder son; Rajdeep's brother; Shiuli's husband. (2023)
* Avery Singha Roy as Shiuli Das – Suresh's wife. (2023)
* Debomoy Mukherjee as Dinesh – Indira's college classmate. (2023)
*Debarati Paul as Arshiya – Student of Future Dreamz School. (2023)
* Jina Tarafder as Elina – Insane student of Future Dreamz School (has a crush on Vikram). (2023)
* Saoli Chattopadhyay as Binodini (2023)
* Sairity Banerjee as Amrita - Vikram's ex-girlfriend, Krish's mother (2023)

<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/bangla-medium-tiyasha-lepcha-neel-bhattacharya-team-up-again/articleshow/94891449.cms|title=Bangla Medium: Tiyasha Roy, Neel Bhattacharya team up again - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2023-05-24}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Original release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Notes
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''Bangla Medium'' বাংলা মিডিয়াম
| 12 December 2022
| [[Star Jalsha]]
| 2 November 2023
| Original
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''Yadaloyallo Indradanassu'' యడలోయల్లో ఇంద్రదనస్సు
| 24 April 2023
| [[Star Maa]]
| 17 February 2024
| rowspan="2"| Remake
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Kaveri Kannada Medium'' ಕಾವೇರಿ ಕನ್ನಡ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ
| 28 August 2023
| [[Star Suvarna]]
| 2 March 2025
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt26861760}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/bangla-medium/1260125877 ''Bangla Medium''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Star Jalsha original programming]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]