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Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile (TV series)

2026-05-05T07:28:54Z

Palashkhanra73: entry...

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2026}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
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{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Family drama]]
| creator = Sonnal A. Kakar
| developer =
| screenplay = Surabhi Saral
| story =
| starring = Ayushi Khurana Bharat Ahlawat [[Jayati Bhatia]]
| writer = Divya Nayyar
| director = Uttam Ahlawat Devender Kumar Pandey
| creative_director =
| producer = Goldie Behl Sonnal A. Kakar
| company = Shakuntalam Teleflims Ltd.
| executive_producer =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| cinematography = Prasad Kolekar
| editor =
| runtime = 25–30 minutes
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 509
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Udbhav Ojha
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|11|11|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| narrated =
| related =
}}
'''''Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television [[family drama]] series that premiered on 11 November 2024 on [[Zee TV]] and streams digitally on [[ZEE5]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=23 November 2024|title=The show Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile is based around an intriguing marriage custom|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/the-show-jaane-anjaane-hum-mile-is-based-around-an-intriguing-marriage-custom/|access-date=25 December 2025|work=[[The Tribune India]]|language=en}}</ref> It is produced by Sonnal A. Kakar under Rose Audio Visuals Pvt. Ltd., and starring Ayushi Khurana, Bharat Ahlawat, and [[Jayati Bhatia]].

== Plot ==
The plot revolves around the lives of two individuals, Reet Chaudhary and Raghav Suryavanshi, who are bound together by the custom of aata saata marriage.

In this show bua keeps on doing conspiracy against Raghav and Reet but never gets exposed in front of Raghav. Reet is treated as just a doormat.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Ayushi Khurana as Reet Suryavanshi (née Chaudhary)— a reporter; Raghav's wife; Anuradha's daughter; Dhruv's sister; Smita's cousin (2024–present)
* [[Bharat Ahlawat]] as Raghav Suryavanshi— A Businessman; Reet's husband; Neeta's son; Unnati's brother ; Viren and Pratik's cousin (2024–present)
* [[Jayati Bhatia]] as Sharda Suryavanshi— Raghav and Unnati's Aunt; Viren and Pratik's Mother; Poonam and Divya's mother-in-law (2024–present)

===Recurring===
* Sehaj Rajput as Unnati Chaudhary (née Suryavanshi)— a fashionsta; Neeta's daughter; Viren's adopted sister; Raghav's sister; Dhruv's wife (2024–present)
* Rohit Dhiman as Dhruv Chaudhary— Anuradha's son; Reet's brother; Smita's cousin; Unnati's husband (2024–present)
* Samaksh Sudi as Virender Suryavanshi— Sharda and Manish's elder son; Raghav and Unnati's adopted brother/cousin; Poonam's husband (2024–present)
* Kalpana Sisodia as Poonam Suryavanshi (2024–present)
* Pankaj Singh as Deepak Singh (2026–present)
* Aasim Khan as Rohit (2025)
* Bharat Narang as Sanju (2025–present)

== Production ==
=== Casting ===
Ayushi Khurana and Bharat Ahlawwat was confirmed to play Reet and Raghav.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=22 October 2024|title=Telly Tattle: Ayushi Khurana and Bharat Ahlawwat reunite for Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile
|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/telly-tattle-ayushi-khurana-and-bharat-ahlawwat-reunite-for-jaane-anjaane-hum-mile-23415303|access-date=25 December 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref> Jayati Bhatia was signed to play Sharda.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=28 October 2024|title=Telly tattle: Jayati Bhatia joins Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile
|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/telly-tattle-jayati-bhatia-joins-jaane-anjaane-hum-mile-23419582|access-date=25 December 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref> In April 2025, Aasim Khan were reportedly confirmed to play Rohit.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mazumdar|first=Shreyanka|date=15 April 2025|title=Aasim Khan Enters Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile With A Brotherly Feud And Possible Love Triangle Ahead
|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/aasim-khan-enters-jaane-anjaane-hum-mile-with-a-brotherly-feud-and-possible-love-triangle-ahead-aa-9300164.html|access-date=25 December 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref> In May 2025, Bharat Narang to join the show as Sanju.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=6 May 2025|title=Exclusive- Actor Bharat Narang joins cast of Jaane Anjaane Hum Mile; to play the character of Sanju
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-actor-bharat-narang-joins-cast-of-jaane-anjaane-hum-mile-to-play-the-character-of-sanju/articleshow/120933604.cms|access-date=25 December 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>, Show premiered on 11 November 2024 at 9:30 PM by replacing Kundali Bhagya, and shifted to 8:00 PM slot in August 2025, show again got changed time slot of 10:30 PM in January 2026. On 26 April 2026, show completed 500 episodes

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt35443400}}

[[Category:2020s Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]

National Indian Film Festival of Australia

2026-04-30T20:58:07Z

Palashkhanra73: creating basic biography w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Australian film festival}}
{{Infobox film festival
| name = National Indian Film Festival of Australia
| founded = 2025
| location = Australia
| language = English, Indian regional languages
| website = [https://niffa.com.au niffa.com.au]
}}
[[File:NIFFA Logo.png|thumb|Official logo of National Indian Film Festival of Australia]]

The '''National Indian Film Festival of Australia''' (NIFFA) is an annual film festival established in 2025 to celebrate Indian cinema in Australia. Following its inaugural edition in 2025, the festival returned for a second edition in 2026, with media coverage noting an expanded programme featuring a range of Indian films across genres and regions.<ref name="IndianSun1">{{cite web | title=National Indian Film Festival of Australia unveils 2026 lineup | date=25 March 2026 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-unveils-2026-lineup/articleshow/129795882.cms }}</ref> Organised in collaboration with the Australian Centre for Indian Cinema,<ref name="CinemaExpress">{{cite web | title=Australian Centre for Indian Cinema launches National Indian Film Festival of Australia | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=26 October 2024 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/english/news/2024/Oct/26/australian-centre-for-indian-cinema-launches-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia }}</ref> NIFFA is described as Australia's first and only national celebration of Indian cinema. It aims to showcase the diversity of Indian filmmaking, including independent, regional, and diaspora films, and to strengthen bilateral screen and cultural ties.

The inaugural edition took place between 13 February and 2 March 2025, in seven Australian cities: [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]], [[Brisbane]], [[Adelaide]], [[Canberra]], [[Perth]], and the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]].<ref name="NDTVLaunch">{{cite web | title=NIFFA 2025 to Showcase Indian Cinema Across Australia | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/niffa-2025-to-showcase-indian-cinema-across-australia-7657508 }}</ref> Over 40 films were screened, including three world premieres and 36 Australian premieres. The opening night film was ''[[Superboys of Malegaon]]'' by [[Reema Kagti]],<ref name="NDTVOpening">{{cite web | title=NIFFA 2025 Opening Film Superboys of Malegaon Trailer Out: Adarsh Gourav, Vineet Kumar Singh's Love Letter to Cinema | url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/niffa-2025-opening-film-superboys-of-malegaon-trailer-out-adarsh-gourav-vineet-kumar-singhs-love-letter-to-cinema-7693274 }}</ref> and the closing film was ''[[Roam Rome Mein]]'' by [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]].<ref name="SaachiBaat">{{cite web | title=Roam Rome Mein directed by Tannishtha Chatterjee, to close National Indian Film Festival of Australia - Saachi Baat | date=March 2025 | url=https://saachibaat.com/entertainment/roam-rome-mein-directed-by-tannishtha-chatterjee-to-close-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia/ }}</ref> A retrospective on [[Shyam Benegal]] was also included.<ref name="Firstpost">{{cite web | title=The National Indian Film Festival of Australia to honour late filmmaker Shyam Benegal with a retrospective of his work | date=9 February 2025 | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-to-honour-late-filmmaker-shyam-benegal-with-a-retrospective-of-his-work-13864972.html }}</ref>

== History ==

The National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA) was officially announced in October 2024 by the Australian Centre for Indian Cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OneArabia |date=2024-10-25 |title=National Indian Film Festival Of Australia To Celebrate Indian Cinema Across Seven Cities In February 2025 |url=https://www.onearabia.me/bollywood/national-indian-film-festival-australia-2025-011-76213.html |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=www.onearabia.me |language=en}}</ref>

The festival was conceived by filmmaker [[Anupam Sharma]], an Indian-Australian industry leader and curated alongside festival director Peter Castaldi. Both of them had previously collaborated on Indian film programming in Australia.<ref name="VarietyLaunch">{{cite web | title=Australia to Launch National Indian Film Festival in 2025 – Global Bulletin | date=25 October 2024 | url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/australia-national-indian-film-festival-1236190580/ }}</ref>

NIFFA's inaugural edition ran from 13 February to 2 March 2025, spanning 18 days and screening in seven Australian cities: [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]], [[Brisbane]], [[Adelaide]], [[Canberra]], [[Perth]], and the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-10-25 |title=Australia to Launch National Indian Film Festival in 2025 – Global Bulletin |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/australia-national-indian-film-festival-1236190580/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The festival presented over 40 titles, going beyond Bollywood, including Australian and world premieres, regional-language films, and a curated retrospective of Shyam Benegal, many of which had never screened in Australian cinemas before.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-11 |title=First national Indian film festival goes beyond Bollywood |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-03-12/national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-movies-what-to-watch/105020212 |access-date=2025-09-21 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref>

NIFFA 2025 was notable for implementing an all-women Nomination Council, comprising industry leaders like Achala Datar from [[Zee Studios]], producer Deepti Sachdeva, filmmaker Neeru Saluja, and actress-director Amruta Apte.[https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/first-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-announces-all-women-nomination-council-7541859?utm] The festival also introduced a Post-production Completion Grant and a special short film distribution offer by Pocket Films, offering financial and mentorship support for both Australian and Indian filmmakers working on Indian South Asian stories. In addition, NIFFA hosted panels and workshops on co-production, distribution, and investment, aiming to strengthen both cultural and commercial ties between the Indian and Australian screen industries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Indian Film Festival of Australia |url=https://filmfreeway.com/NIFFA |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref>

NIFFA received significant backing from institutions including [[NDTV]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BestMediaInfo |title=NDTV partners with National Indian Film Festival of Australia |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/mediainfo/television/ndtv-partners-with-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-7553272 |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=bestmediainfo.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Dendy Cinemas]], the Indian High Commission (Canberra), Indian Consulates in Sydney, Perth, and Brisbane, [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS Australia]], and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations|Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR)]].[https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/niffa-2025-to-showcase-indian-cinema-across-australia-7657508]

Australia is home to one of the most professional screen industries,[https://www.arts.gov.au/what-we-do/screen?] while India stands as one of the world's most prolific and fastest-growing film markets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dan-Awoh |first=Deborah |date=2024-08-14 |title=Top 10 Fastest Growing Film Industries in the World |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/08/14/top10-fastest-growing-film-industries-in-the-world/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> The cinematic synergy between the two nations has gained significant momentum in recent years.

A landmark Australia–India Co-Production Treaty was signed on 19 November 2023, enabling streamlined collaboration and mutual access to incentives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2023-11-24 |title=Australia, India Look to Benefit From Newly Ratified Treaty, Filming Incentives (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/australia-india-film-treaty-benefits-1235807828/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> Australia was also named the “Country of Focus” at the [[55th International Film Festival of India]] in [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2067309#:~:text=The%20Ministry%20of%20Information%20%26%20Broadcasting,November%20to%2028th%20November%202024. 2024]. In addition, India has increased screen subsidies for co-production partner countries like Australia.[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1978313]

These developments align with the rise of the Indian diaspora in Australia, now the country's second-largest immigrant group, [https://hcicanberra.gov.in/page/indian-community-in-australia/#:~:text=Indian%20diaspora%20is%20the%20second%20largest%20and%20fastest%20growing%20diaspora%20in%20Australia.] and the growing mainstream success of Indian films at the Australian box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quinn |first=Karl |date=2023-11-13 |title=More than Bollywood: How India is taking over Australian cinemas |url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/movies/big-bold-and-more-than-bollywood-how-india-is-taking-over-australian-cinemas-20231110-p5eiz4.html |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref>

With over AUD $75 million worth of India-centric screen projects currently in development or production across the two nations, NIFFA launched at a strategically ideal moment celebrating and shaping this evolving cinematic relationship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFFI 2023 India welcomes ratification of co-production treaty by Australia |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/entertainment/2023/11/24/ent10-iffi-australia-india.html |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2026 ===
The second edition of the National Indian Film Festival of Australia began on 18 March 2026, with screenings scheduled across multiple cities through July 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-23 |title=Home - National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA) {{!}} 2026 |url=https://niffa.com.au/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

== Films and screenings ==

The inaugural edition of the National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA) in 2025 featured a curated slate of over 35+ films. The selection included features, shorts, documentaries, and animated works, spanning multiple Indian languages and diasporic themes. All submissions were received via [[FilmFreeway]], and final selections were shortlisted by the Nomination Council.

The Opening Night film was ''[[Superboys of Malegaon]]'', a Hindi-language feature directed by [[Reema Kagti]], which humorously and poignantly chronicles a group of amateur filmmakers in small-town India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIFFA 2025 Opening Film Superboys Of Malegaon Trailer Out: Adarsh Gourav, Vineet Kumar Singh's Love Letter To Cinema |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/niffa-2025-opening-film-superboys-of-malegaon-trailer-out-adarsh-gourav-vineet-kumar-singhs-love-letter-to-cinema-7693274 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> The Closing Night film was ''Roam Rome Mein'', directed by [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]], a multilingual drama exploring gender and personal liberation through an Indian lens in a European setting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-01 |title=Roam Rome Mein directed by Tannishtha Chatterjee, to close National Indian Film Festival of Australia - Saachi Baat |url=https://saachibaat.com/entertainment/roam-rome-mein-directed-by-tannishtha-chatterjee-to-close-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Notable feature screenings included:

* ''Arranged Love'' (English) by Sanjane Koneshamoorthy
* ''Bramayugam'' (Malayalam) by [[Rahul Sadasivan]]
* ''Dhabari Quruvi'' (Irula) by Priyanandanan
* ''It’s Time to Go!'' (Marathi) by [[Anant Mahadevan]]
* ''Mirbeen'' (Karbi) by Mridul Gupta
* ''Parikrama'' (Hindi & Italian) by [[Goutam Ghose]]
* ''WingMan (The Universal Irony of Love)'' (Hindi) by Anuj Gulati

Short films screened included ''Bandar'', ''The Last Show'', ''Marigold'', and ''Ghar Jaisa Kuch'', among others. The festival also included documentary features like ''Maa Oori Ramayanam'', ''Baghjan'', and ''What If I Tell You''. A key highlight of the inaugural NIFFA was a retrospective tribute to legendary filmmaker [[Shyam Benegal]], a pioneering voice in Indian parallel cinema who died just a few months before the festival. Honouring his immense contribution to socially conscious storytelling, NIFFA curated screenings of some of his most acclaimed works, including ''[[Mammo]]'' and [[The Making of the Mahatma#:~:text=The Making of the Mahatma is a 1996 biographical film,a Mahatma by Fatima Meer.|''The Making of the Mahatma'']]. The retrospective served as an ode to Benegal's legacy, introducing his cinematic vision to new audiences across Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-09 |title=The National Indian Film Festival of Australia to honour late filmmaker Shyam Benegal with a retrospective of his work |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-to-honour-late-filmmaker-shyam-benegal-with-a-retrospective-of-his-work-13864972.html |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Awards ==

<ref name="NIFFAWinners">{{cite web | title=Winners - National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA) | 2025 | url=https://niffa.com.au/winners/ }}</ref><ref name="Moneycontrol">{{Cite web | title=Superboys of Malegaon wins best film at National Indian Film Festival of Australia | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/superboys-of-malegaon-wins-best-film-at-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-article-12958195.html | access-date=2025-07-27 | website=www.moneycontrol.com}}</ref>

Key awardees from NIFFA's inaugural year:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners - National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA) {{!}} 2025 |url=https://niffa.com.au/winners/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

* ''[[Superboys of Malegaon]]'', directed by Reema Kagti won the Best Feature Film award.[https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/superboys-of-malegaon-wins-best-film-at-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-article-12958195.html?utm_]
* ''WingMan (The Universal Irony of Love)'', directed by Anuj Gulati, received the Best Indie Feature Film award.
* ''Parikrama'', directed by Goutam Ghose, was honoured as the Best International Indian Film.
* ''Maa Oori Ramayanam'', a documentary by Badrappa Gajula, won the Best Documentary Feature award.
* ''The Man Who Hurls News'', directed by Ananth Narayan Mahadevan, received the award for Best Documentary (Short).
* ''The Last Show'', directed by Valavan Velmurugan, won the award for Best Short Film.
* ''The Garmentologist'', directed by Debajit Banerjee, received a Special Mention (Short) from the jury.
* ''Misty'', directed by Raja Chatterjee, was awarded the Post‑Production Completion Grant.

== Regional expansion ==

In line with its mission to democratise access to Indian cinema and foster cross-cultural dialogue across Australia, the '''National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA)''' launched '''NIFFA Regional''' in 2025. This initiative extends the festival's reach beyond metropolitan centres, engaging regional communities through film screenings, industry panels, and creative workshops. NIFFA Regional aims to highlight the vibrant diversity of Indian cinema in areas that often have limited access to curated international film events, while also creating platforms for local and South Asian Australian voices.

In June 2025, the National Indian Film Festival of Australia (NIFFA) launched its first regional edition in Dubbo, New South Wales, as part of its commitment to cultural outreach beyond major cities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-14 |title=National Indian Film Festival of Australia set to hit Dubbo |url=https://www.dubbophotonews.com.au/news/page/national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-set-to-hit-dubbo |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Dubbo Photo News |language=en-AU}}</ref> The three-day event, held from 20 to 22 June 2025 at Dubbo, marked a significant milestone in bringing Indian cinema and industry dialogue to regional Australian audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-21 |title=Bollywood downunder: why one film industry has its eyes on Dubbo |url=https://www.dailyliberal.com.au/story/8918563/dubbo-hosts-niffa-an-indian-film-festival-in-australia/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=www.dailyliberal.com.au |language=en-au}}</ref>

The festival opened on Friday, 20 June, with the Australian premiere of the Marathi-language feature [[Ata Thambaycha Naay!|''Ata Thambaycha Naay (Now There’s No Stopping!)'']], a film based on a true story about everyday resilience. The opening night also included a traditional Diya Lamp Ceremony, and a networking canapé reception attended by filmmakers and special guests.

The program featured a curated selection of Indian feature films, documentaries, and short films including ''Arranged Love'', ''Parikrama'', ''WingMan'', ''Maa Oori Ramayanam'', and ''UNSA!D – A Second Chance''. Films were grouped into three themed sessions across Saturday, 21 June, giving audiences a cross-section of emerging and established voices in Indian and diasporic cinema.

The closing film on Sunday, 22 June, was [[Phule (film)|''Phule'']], a [[Zee Studios]]-produced biopic on Indian social reformers [[Savitribai Phule|Savitribai]] and [[Jyotirao Phule]], directed by [[Anant Mahadevan|Ananth Mahadevan]]. The screening was followed by a Q&A session with Achala Datar, Head of Operations at Zee Studios, and a special dance performance

The Dubbo edition of NIFFA demonstrated the festival's commitment to inclusivity and regional outreach, providing access to Indian cinema, professional dialogue, and cultural events outside metropolitan areas. Dubbo's hosting of screenings, workshops, and panels marks a meaningful step in decentralising Australia's cultural landscape and strengthening cross-cultural connections in regional communities. In the spirit of community engagement, the program also included cultural performances, a youth-focused Bollywood-themed night, stand-up comedy, and a DJ afterparty. This regional model of combining film with culturally tailored engagement activities is intended to serve as a template for future NIFFA Regional editions, with each location adapting the programming to reflect its unique local communities and cultural landscape.

== Organisation ==

'''Festival Founder and Director: Anupam Sharma'''

[[Anupam Sharma]] serves as the Founder and Festival Director of NIFFA. An Australian filmmaker of Indian origin, Sharma holds both a bachelor's and master's degree in Film & Theatre from the University of New South Wales, including a postgraduate thesis on Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anupam Sharma - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1381615/bio/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> He is widely recognized for pioneering Indo-Australian film collaborations since the late 1990s, working on notable Bollywood films shot in Australia like ''Dil Chahta Hai'' and ''Heyy Babyy'', and has produced and directed Australian films including [[UnIndian|''unINDIAN'' (2015)]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Sharma |first=Anupam |title=UNindian |date=2015-10-15 |type=Comedy, Drama, Romance |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4024210/?ref_=fn_all_ttl_1 |access-date=2025-09-23 |others=Brett Lee, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Supriya Pathak |publisher=Films & Casting Temple Pvt. Ltd. Sydney}}</ref> and the documentary [[The Run (film)|''The Run'' (2017)]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Sharma |first=Anupam |title=The Run |type=Documentary, Adventure, Sport |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7696494/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |others=Pat Farmer, Tania Farmer, Joseph Grace |publisher=Films & Casting Temple Pvt. Ltd. Sydney}}</ref>

As the founding head of [[Films and Casting TEMPLE pty ltd|Films & Casting TEMPLE Pty Ltd]] a Sydney-based international production and consultancy firm, Sharma has overseen over 300 screen projects spanning feature films, documentaries, commercials, film festivals, and cross-border productions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anupam Sharma |url=https://creativerep.com.au/artists/anupamsharma/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Creative Representation |language=en-US}}</ref> He currently serves as the Chair of the Australia India Film Council<ref>{{Cite web |last=Slatter |first=Sean |date=2021-11-30 |title=Australia India Film Council announced with Anupam Sharma as chair |url=https://if.com.au/australia-india-film-council-announced-with-anupam-sharma-as-chair/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=IF Magazine |language=en-AU}}</ref> and has previously held roles such as Australia Day Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anupam Sharma |url=https://www.mediadiversityaustralia.org/team-members/anupam-sharma/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Media Diversity Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> He was also named among the 50 most influential Australian film professionals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-21 |title=Indian origin filmmaker in Australian movie power list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/indian-origin-filmmaker-in-australian-movie-power-list/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

'''Co‑Director: Peter Castaldi'''

Peter Castaldi is the Co‑Director of NIFFA, bringing decades of experience in Australian film exhibition, journalism, and festival programming.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bryant |first=Sarah |date=2015-03-31 |title=Five Minutes with Peter Castaldi, Curator of Castaldi In Focus |url=https://thebrag.com/five-minutes-peter-castaldi-curator-castaldi-focus/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=The Brag |language=en-AU}}</ref> He managed the [[Valhalla Cinema, Melbourne|Valhalla]] independent cinemas across Melbourne, Adelaide, and Sydney (1977–1981), worked as producer and presenter across [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]], [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS]], and commercial television and radio, and served as artistic director of the ''Goat Island'' film festival (1999–2000).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peter Castaldi (Goat Island Film Festival 1999) [3 slides] |url=https://archives.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/nodes/view/949711 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=City of Sydney Archives}}</ref>

Castaldi's career includes founding a three-screen cinema complex in Byron Bay, directing regional programs for the [[Australian Film Commission]] (now [[Screen Australia]]), and establishing the theatrical division of [[Umbrella Entertainment]]. He has also co-curated the Australian Film Festival of India in India with Sharma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Film Festival of India |url=http://aafilminitiative.org/#:~:text=Australian%20Film%20Festival%20of%20India&text=The%20Australia%20Film%20Festival%20of,emerging%20and%20non-traditional%20markets. |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=aafilminitiative.org}}</ref> He currently serves as Managing Editor for Education Services and Partnerships at the [[Australian Teachers of Media|Australian Teachers of Media (ATOM)]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLUeVxf7Uyk |title=Peter Castaldi from Australian Teachers of Media (ATOM) discusses media in Australia with Informit. |date=2023-11-12 |last=Informit |access-date=2025-09-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

'''Nomination Council'''

To maintain transparency and inclusiveness in selection, NIFFA established an all-women Nomination Council in its inaugural year. The Nomination Council comprised distinguished women from the film and media industry. Achala Datar, head of film distribution for [[Zee Studios]] in Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, and former executive producer with [[Balaji Telefilms]], brought extensive experience in both Indian and Australian markets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney to host South Asian Film Festival of Australia |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/hindi/en/podcast-episode/sydney-to-host-south-asian-film-festival-of-australia/p6xku6g4z |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=SBS Language |language=en}}</ref> Deepti Sachdeva, an award-winning producer with a master's from [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] and a former [[NDTV]] journalist,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=e4m |date=2025-02-19 |title=Deepti Sachdeva joins NDTV as Executive Editor - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/people-movement-news/deepti-sachdeva-joins-ndtv-as-executive-editor-141033.html |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref> has produced acclaimed works such as ''[[Brand Bollywood Downunder|Bollywood DownUnder]]''<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12708250/fullcredits/ |title=Brand Bollywood (2023) - Full cast & crew - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-09-23 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> and [[The Run (film)|''The Run'']],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7696494/fullcredits/ |title=The Run (2017) - Full cast & crew - IMDb |language=en-US |access-date=2025-09-23 |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> and has served on juries for the [[Asian Television Awards]], New York Festivals,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jury Members - New York Festivals |url=https://tvfilm.newyorkfestivals.com/jury/list/992a743a-dad9-40b2-8f1d-fcc8c3a5bdda |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=tvfilm.newyorkfestivals.com}}</ref> and [[Banff World Media Festival|BANFF Rockie Awards]]. Neeru Saluja, a seasoned arts journalist and critic with over two decades of experience,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=Neeru Saluja |url=https://www.indianlink.com.au/author/neeru-saluja/ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Indian Link |language=en-AU}}</ref> has contributed to major festivals including the [[Sydney Film Festival]], [[South by Southwest|SXSW Sydney]], [[WOMADelaide]], the [[AACTA Awards]], and the [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neeru Saluja: NRI Contributor {{!}} Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Neeru-Saluja/nricontributeprofile/10915340.cms?utm_ |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Rounding out the council is Amruta Apte, an actor, producer, and production coordinator at SBS. Active in theatre and film, she directed the award-winning short film Ankur<ref>{{Cite web |title=48hr film challenge screenings |url=https://www.mwff.org.au/screenings-and-events |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=MWFF |language=en-AU}}</ref> and contributed to the groundbreaking Australian TV series ''[[Four Years Later]]'', which spotlighted South Asian talent.

== Reception ==

The festival received positive coverage from NDTV,<ref name="NDTVCouncil">{{cite web |title=First National Indian Film Festival of Australia Announces All-Women Nomination Council |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/first-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-announces-all-women-nomination-council-7541859}}</ref> The Hindu,<ref name="TheHindu">{{cite web | title=Australian Centre for Indian Cinema announces National Indian Film Festival of Australia | work=The Hindu | date=25 October 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/australian-centre-for-indian-cinema-announces-national-indian-film-festival-of-australia/article68795884.ece }}</ref> ABC,<ref name="ABC">{{cite web | title=First national Indian film festival goes beyond Bollywood | work=ABC News | date=11 March 2025 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-03-12/national-indian-film-festival-of-australia-movies-what-to-watch/105020212 }}</ref> and The Indian Sun,<ref name="IndianSun1"/> which praised its inclusiveness, cultural focus, and expansion of the Australia–India screen relationship.

== Partners ==

Supporters included [[Dendy Cinemas]], [[Special Broadcasting Service|SBS Australia]], [[NDTV India|NDTV]],<ref name="NDTVPartners">{{cite web | title=NDTV, Dendy Cinemas Partner for Australia's 1st National Indian Film Festival | url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ndtv-dendy-cinemas-partner-for-australias-1st-national-indian-film-festival-6869315 }}</ref> the Indian High Commission, [[ICCR]], [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]], [[Pocket film|Pocket Films]], and Silver Trak Digital.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:2025 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Indian-Australian culture]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora in Australia]]
[[Category:Film festivals in New South Wales]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Queensland]]
[[Category:Film festivals in South Australia]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Western Australia]]

Nikesh Ram

2026-04-29T11:18:27Z

Palashkhanra73: New basic stub nd citations

{{Short description|Indian businessman and actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikesh Ram
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_place = August 8, [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actor, Businessman
| years_active = 2014 – present
| children = 3
| spouse = {{marriage|Sitara|2005}}
}}

'''Nikesh Ram''' is an Indian businessman and actor, who has appeared in Tamil and Malayalam language films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/290518/actor-by-accident-nikesh-ram.html|title=Actor by accident: Nikesh Ram|date=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/jul/17/2014-636941.html|title='Not My Fault if Athithi's Makers Didn't Make Use of My Schedule Properly'|website=The New Indian Express|date=17 July 2014 }}</ref> During August 2021, Ram was honored by the UAE government with the UAE Golden Visa for 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/global-malayali/gulf/2021/08/20/uae-issues-golden-visa-to-indian-business-man-and-actor-nikesh-ram.html|title=സംരംഭകനും നടനുമായ നികേഷ് റാമിന് ഗോൾഡൻ വീസ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emiratess.live/News_more.php?page=319|title=South Indian Film actor and Dubai based Entrepreneur Mr Nikesh Ram received his 10 year Golden Visa from UAE Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://livedubaimalayalam.com/News_more.php?page=258|title=സംരംഭകനും നടനുമായ നികേഷ് റാമിന് ഗോൾഡൻ വീസ}}</ref> Ram appeared in Khaleej Times BTR Magazine Cover Page as a successful businessman in UAE in Facility Management Industry.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ebtr.khaleejtimes.com/32113/29_04_2022 | title=BTR eMagazine }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-engage/youre-safe-in-our-hands |title=You're safe in our hands |website=khaleejtimes.com |date=29 April 2022}}</ref> He made his acting debut with ''[[Athithi (2014 film)|Athithi]]'' a Tamil thriller movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/profile/nikesh-ram/|title=Nikesh Ram|website=Silverscreen.in|date=25 May 2016|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004054/https://silverscreen.in/profile/nikesh-ram/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Acting career==
Ram made his acting debut through his home production, ''[[Athithi (2014 film)|Athithi]]'' directed by [[Bharathan (director)|Bharathan]]. The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box office, with his performance garnering mixed reviews. Deccan Chronicle noted "Debutant Nikesh Ram with his unkempt looks fits the bill and is convincing in a negative role".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140628/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-reivew-athithi-has-its-thrilling-moments|title=Movie Review 'Athithi': Has its thrilling moments|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=28 June 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> A reviewer from Behindwoods.com noted "Although the cause of his part is well served, spotting expressions in Ram's face seems to be a hard task".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/athithi/athithi-review.html|title=Athithi (aka) Adhithi review|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> Silverscreen.com's reviewers wrote that Ram "looks the part in dark shirts, chinos and thick-rimmed glasses, but is unconvincing otherwise. His lines sound contrived and forced and don't sound like someone trying to scare the daylights out of you".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/reviews/athithi-review-thrills/|title=Athithi Review: Few Thrills|first=Neelima|last=Menon|date=28 June 2014|publisher=|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004056/https://silverscreen.in/reviews/athithi-review-thrills/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Ram appeared in a cameo role in [[Vishnu Vishal|Vishnu]]'s ''[[Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran]]'' (2016) . His first Malayalam movie released on 25 May 2018 titled [[Mazhayathu]] directed by [[Suveeran]]. Ram is acting as hero in this movie along with actress [[Aparna Gopinath]]. The Times of India mentioned his acting as "Nikesh Ram puts on a decent performance as a stubborn husband and a doting dad".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/mazhayathu/movie-review/64317905.cms|title=Mazhayathu Movie Review {3/5}: Mazhayathu would have made a cracker of a thriller had it been polished more|newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mazhayathu-movie-review-highlights-about-fractured-relationships-and-alarming-effects/articleshow/64316963.cms|title='Mazhayathu' movie review highlights: About egos, fractured relationships and alarming effects|website=The Times of India|last1=Sidhardhan |first1=Sanjith }}</ref> Mangalam News Paper said "Nikesh Ram did a good job and he could easily satisfy the role of Venugopal in the way it is required<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/news/detail/220287-movie-reviews-mazhayathu-malayalam-movie-review.html|title=പ്രേക്ഷകനെ പെരുമഴയത്ത് തനിച്ചു നിര്‍ത്തി 'മഴയത്ത്'|website=www.mangalam.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/uae-residents-produce-malayalam-film-mazhayathu-1.2228970|title=UAE residents produce Malayalam film 'Mazhayathu'|website=gulfnews.com|date=30 May 2018 }}</ref>

Ram starred in ''[[Michaelpatty Raja]]'' (2021) <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/michael-patty-raja/movieshow/74672886.cms|title = Michealpatty Raja Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos | eTimes|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tamilnow.com/movies/gallery/michaelpatty-raja/|title=Michaelpatty Raja Movie Stills |Tamil Movie Michaelpatty Raja Photos and Posters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemahalls.com/tamil/watch-michaelpatty-raja-movie-online-teaser/|title = Website activation error| date=22 February 2021 }}</ref> directed by Francis S, who was an associate for director [[S Shankar]].

==Filmography==
*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| Title
! scope="col" | Role
!scope="col" | Language
!scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Athithi (2014 film)|Athithi]]''|| Saravanan ||Tamil|| Debut film
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Velainu Vandhutta Vellaikaaran]]'' ||Doctor ||Tamil||Cameo appearance
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Mazhayathu]]''|| Venugopal||Malayalam||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Michaelpatty Raja]]''|| Raja ||Tamil||
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="5" |2018
| rowspan="5" |''[[Mazhayathu]]''
|Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival TINFF Toronto Canada
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tinff.net/fullscreen-page/comp-jledtx1w/54079264-eb6e-4ad1-a7e4-0897dd64f9e2/1|title=tinff - Fullscreen Page|website=tinff|access-date=21 January 2019|archive-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227065149/https://www.tinff.net/fullscreen-page/comp-jledtx1w/54079264-eb6e-4ad1-a7e4-0897dd64f9e2/1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Overcome Film Festival California USA
|[[Best Actor]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.overcomefilmfestival.modifiergroup.com/2018International.html|title=Overcome Film Festival|website=www.overcomefilmfestival.modifiergroup.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[Asiavision Awards]] Dubai
|[[Best Actor]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/asiavision-awards-in-dubai-the-winners-1.1550344706876|title=Asiavision Awards in Dubai: The winners|website=gulfnews.com|date=16 February 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Nikesh}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kannur]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]

2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir

2026-04-26T04:04:28Z

Palashkhanra73: new details

{{Short description|Election in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{For|Vidhan Sabha elections|2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = Parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir
| previous_year = 2019
| next_election = 2029 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir
| next_year = 2029
| election_date = 19 April - 25 May 2024
| seats_for_election = All 5 Jammu and Kashmir seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| turnout = 58.46% ({{increase}}18.10%)
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Jammu and Kashmir
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha#Jammu and Kashmir
| opinion_polls = 2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir#Opinion polls
| image_size = 120px

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Jitendra Singh Minister of for Personnel, Public Grievances_&_Pensions_(cropped).jpg|bSize=180|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=40|oTop=0}}
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader1 = [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]]
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| leaders_seat1 = [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]] (Won)
| leader_since1 = 2014
| last_election1 = 2
| seats1 = ''' 2'''
| seat_change1 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 = '''24.36%'''
| swing1 = {{decrease}}2.01%

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Omar Abdullah Gupkar.jpg|bSize=350|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=150|oTop=65}}
| party2 = Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
| leader2 = [[Omar Abdullah]]
| alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]] (Lost)
| leader_since2 = 2009
| last_election2 = 3
| seats2 = '''2'''
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}}1
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 = 22.30%
| swing2 = {{increase}}14.43%

| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Raman_Bhalla.jpg|bSize=200|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=60|oTop=20}}
| party4 = Indian National Congress
| leader4 = [[Raman Bhalla]]
| alliance4 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| leaders_seat4 = [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]] (Lost)
| leader_since4 = 2022
| last_election4 = 0
| seats4 = 0
| seat_change4 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote4 =
| percentage4 = 19.38%
| swing4 = {{decrease}}9.92%

| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mehbooba Mufti addressing a press conference in Srinagar.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| party5 = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
| leader5 = [[Mehbooba Mufti]]
| alliance5 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]{{efn|Was part of INDIA bloc but did not contest under it.}}
| leaders_seat5 = [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]] (Lost)
| leader_since5 = 2009
| last_election5 = 0
| seats5 = 0
| seat_change5 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote5 =
| percentage5 = 8.48%
| swing5 = {{increase}}4.91%
| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Jammu and Kashmir Result Map.svg|300px]]|Partywise result|[[File:2024 Jammu and Kashmir Lok Sabha Election Alliance Wise Result Map.svg|300px]]|Alliance wise result}}
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption =
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

The [[2024 Indian general election]] was held in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in 5 phases from 19 April to 20 May 2024 to elect 5 members of the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=With local body polls not in sight, J&K parties gear up for Lok Sabha 2024|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/with-local-body-polls-not-in-sight-j-k-parties-gear-up-for-lok-sabha-2024-101699980586072.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|date=14 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=J&K elections likely to held along with Lok Sabha polls next year|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jk-elections-likely-to-be-held-along-with-lok-sabha-polls-next-year/articleshow/102116153.cms|website=The Economic Times|language=en| date=26 July 2023}}</ref> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]] (JKNC) won 2 seats each, with BJP winning the single largest share of the popular vote at 24.36% and JKNC coming second at 22.30%. One seat was won by an independent candidate.

== Election schedule ==
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:90%;
! rowspan=2|Poll event
! colspan="5" |Phase
|-
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|I
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|II
|bgcolor=#7B68EE|III
|bgcolor=#E9967A|IV
|bgcolor=#DB7093|V
|-
!Notification date
|20 March
|28 March
|12 April
|18 April
|26 April
|-
!Last date for filing nomination
|27 March
|4 April
|19 April
|25 April
|3 May
|-
!Scrutiny of nomination
|28 March
|5 April
|20 April
|26 April
|4 May
|-
!Last Date for withdrawal of nomination
|30 March
|8 April
|22 April
|29 April
|6 May
|-
!Date of poll
|'''19 April'''
|'''26 April'''
|'''25 May'''{{Efn|name="Anantnag-Rajouri"|group="schedule"|Polling in [[Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag-Rajouri]] constituency in J&K was rescheduled from 7 May 2024 (Phase 3) to 25 May 2024 (Phase 6) due to weather conditions.}}
|'''13 May'''
|'''20 May'''
|-
!Date of counting of votes/Result
| colspan="5" |'''4 June 2024'''
|-
!'''''No. of constituencies'''''
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|}

==Parties and alliances==

===Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance===

{{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]}}
[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Election Jammu and Kashmir INDI Alliance Seat Sharing Map.svg|thumb|right|200px|2024 Lok Sabha Election Jammu and Kashmir INDIA Seat Sharing Map]]
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|[[File:Flag of Jammu and Kashmir (1936-1953).svg|50x50px|centre]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Plough.png|50x50px|centre]]
|[[Farooq Abdullah]]
|3
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50x50px|centre]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50x50px|centre]]
|[[Raman Bhalla]]
|2
|-
!
! Colspan=4|Total
!5
|}

=== National Democratic Alliance ===

{{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}
[[File:2024 Lok Sabha NDA Jammu and Kashmir Map.svg|alt=2024 Lok Sabha NDA Jammu and Kashmir Map|thumb|right|200px|2024 Lok Sabha Election Jammu and Kashmir NDA seat distribution]]
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50x50px|centre]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50x50px|centre]]
|[[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]]
|2
|-
!
! Colspan=4|Total
!2
|}

===Others===
{|class="wikitable " width="60%" style="text-align:center"
|+Recognised parties
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]]
|
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Ink Pot and Pen.png|50x50px|centre]]
|[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|3
|-
|{{party color cell|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party]]
|
|
|[[Harsh Dev Singh]]
|5
|-
|{{party color cell|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|[[File:Elephant Bahujan Samaj Party.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Elephant.png|50px]]
|
|2
|-
|{{party color cell|All India Forward Bloc}}
|[[All India Forward Bloc]]
|
|
|
|2
|-
!
! Colspan=4|Total
!12
|}
{|class="wikitable " width="60%" style="text-align:center"
|+Unrecognised parties
!colspan="2"|Party
!Symbol
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Other}}
|Jammu and Kashmir Nationalist People's Front
|
|3
|-
|{{party color cell|National Loktantrik Party}}
|[[National Loktantrik Party]]
|
|3
|-
|{{party color cell|Democratic Azad Party}}
|[[Democratic Progressive Azad Party]]
|[[File:Democratic Progressive Azad Party Election Symbol.png|50px]]
|2
|-
|{{party color cell|Ikkjutt Jammu}}
|[[Ekam Sanatan Bharat Dal]]
|
|2
|-
|{{party color cell|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]]
|
|2
|-
|{{party color cell|Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]
|
|2
|-
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Other}}
|National Awami United Party
|
|2
|-
|Bharat Jodo Party
|
|1
|-
|{{party color cell|Gana Suraksha Party}}
|[[Gana Suraksha Party]]
|
|1
|-
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|Other}}
|Garib Democratic Party
|
|1
|-
|Hindustan Shakti Sena
|
|1
|-
|National Youth Party
|
|1
|-
|Rashtriya Jankranti Party
|
|1
|-
!
! colspan="2" |Total
!22
|}

==Candidates==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Constituency
|colspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}"|
|colspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|-
!colspan="6"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
!colspan="3"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|-
! 1
| [[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]]
|rowspan="3" {{Party colour cell|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
|[[Omar Abdullah]]<ref name="Kashmir election 2024: Omar Abdullah, Mehboba Mufti concede defeat in Jammu and Kashmir">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Kashmir election 2024: Omar Abdullah, Mehboba Mufti concede defeat in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/election-results-2024-baramulla-and-anantnag-rajouri-lok-sabha-constituencies/article68250043.ece |access-date=4 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604163403/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/election-results-2024-baramulla-and-anantnag-rajouri-lok-sabha-constituencies/article68250043.ece |archive-date=4 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|rowspan="3" {{Party colour cell|Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
| [[Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP]]
| [[Fayaz Ahmad Mir]]
!colspan=3 rowspan=3|DNC
|-
! 2
|[[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
|[[Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi]]
|[[Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP ]]
|Waheed Parra
|-
! 3
| [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]]
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |JKNC]]
|[[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]
|[[Jammu & Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP ]]
|[[Mehbooba Mufti]]<ref name="Kashmir election 2024: Omar Abdullah, Mehboba Mufti concede defeat in Jammu and Kashmir" />
|-
! 4
|[[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]
|rowspan="2" {{Party colour cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Chaudhary Lal Singh]]
!colspan=3 rowspan=2|DNC
|rowspan="2" {{Party colour cell|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[ Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]]
|-
!5
|[[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Raman Bhalla]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
|-
|}

==Surveys and polls==
===Opinion polls===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Jammu and Kashmir (5)}}

===Exit polls===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Jammu and Kashmir}}

==Voter turnout==
===Constituencies in phases===
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;
! colspan="2" |Constituency
!Poll date
!Turnout
!Swing
|-
|1
|[[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]]
| bgcolor="#DB7093" |20 May 2024
|59.10%
|{{increase}} 24.60
|-
|2
|[[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]
| bgcolor="#E9967A" |13 May 2024
|38.49%
|{{increase}} 24.06
|-
|3
|[[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]]
| style="background: #6495ED" |25 May 2024
|55.40%
|''New''
|-
|4
|[[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]
|bgcolor=#FFFACD|19 April 2024
|68.27%
| {{Decrease}} 2.74
|-
|5
|[[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
|bgcolor=#87CEFA|26 April 2024
|72.22%
| {{Decrease}} 0.28
|-
! colspan="3" |Total
|58.58%
|{{increase}} 18.1
|}

==Results==
===Results by alliance or party===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party
!colspan="3"|Popular vote
!colspan="3"|Seats
|-
!Votes
!%
!±[[Percentage point|pp]]
!Contested
!Won
!'''+/−'''
|-
|rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
! rowspan="4" style="background:#E5F8FF" |[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{Party color cell|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
|{{formatnum:1139084}}
|22.30
|{{increase}}14.09
|3
|2
|{{Decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{formatnum:990182}}
|19.38
|{{Decrease}} 9.92
|2
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF"|'''Total'''
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|'''{{formatnum:2129266}}'''
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|41.68
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{increase}} 4.17
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|5
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|2
|style="background:#E5F8FF"|{{Decrease}} 1
|-
|{{Party color cell|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|JKPDP]]
|{{formatnum:433049}}
|8.48
|{{increase}} 4.91
|3{{efn|Was part of INDIA bloc but did not contest under it.}}
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
! style="background:#fef3e8" |[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|{{formatnum:1244404}}
|24.36
|{{Decrease}} 2.01
|2
|2
|{{No change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" |[[2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir#Others|Others]]
|
|
|
|31
|0
|{{No change}}
|-
|{{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" |[[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|
|
|
|59
|1
|{{increase}} 1
|-
|bgcolor="Black"|
|colspan="3"|[[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
|{{formatnum:34249}}
|0.67
|{{No change}}
!colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
!colspan="4"|Total
!
!100
! -
! 100
! 5
! -
|-
|}

===Results by constituency===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Turnout
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!Votes
!%
!Votes
!%
|-
!1
|[[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]]
|59.10%{{increase}}
|[[Engineer Rashid|Abdul Rashid Sheikh]]
|{{party name with color|Independent|shortname=IND}}
|4,72,481
|45.70%
|[[Omar Abdullah]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|2,68,339
|25.95%
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|2,04,142
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|19.75%
|-
! 2
|[[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]
|38.49%{{increase}}
|[[Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|3,56,866
|52.85%
|[[Waheed Para]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|1,68,450
|24.95%
|style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}} ; color:white;"|1,88,416
|style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}} ; color:white;"|27.90%
|-
!3
|[[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri]]
|55.40% {{increase}}
|[[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|5,21,836
|50.85%
|[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party}}
|2,40,042
|23.39%
|style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}} ; color:white;"|2,81,794
|style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}} ; color:white;"|27.46%
|-
!4
|[[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]
|68.27%{{Decrease}}
|[[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|5,71,076
|51.28%
|[[Chaudhary Lal Singh]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|4,46,703
|40.11%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,24,373
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11.17%
|-
!5
|[[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]]
|72.22%{{Decrease}}
|[[Jugal Kishore Sharma]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|6,87,588
|52.80%
|[[Raman Bhalla]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|5,52,090
|42.40%
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,35,498
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10.40%
|}

=== Strike-rate ===
Strike rate is determined by calculating the number of seats won by a party of the number of seats it contested. BJP had a 100% strike rate (It won both the seats it contested). JKNC had a 66.67% strike rate (it won 2 out of 3 seats it contested). Congress and JKPDP had a strike rate of 0% (they lost all the seats they contested.

== Assembly segments wise lead of Parties ==
Map needed
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly segments
!Position in Assembly (as of 2024 election)
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}"|
! [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
|36
|42
|-

|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|29
|29
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
! [[Indian National Congress]]
|7
|6
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party}}"|
! [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]
|5
|3
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference}}"|
! [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]
|1
|1
|-
|bgcolor=#FAF8FA|
! Others
|12
|9
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!colspan=2|90
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}{{Indian general election, 2024}}
[[Category:2024 Indian general election by state or union territory|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:2020s in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Manju Bharti

2026-04-19T19:17:06Z

Palashkhanra73: creating a info first draft

{{Short description|Indian actress, producer, director and model}}
{{Promotional|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manju Bharti
| image = SAC 1383 modified.jpg
| caption = Manju Bharti
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]]
| occupation = Actress, director and producer
| years_active = 2012-present
| known_for = Portraying Simran in ''Kaash Tum Hote''
| notable_works = ''Kaash Tum Hote'' (2014)
''[[Mausam Ikrar Ke Do Pal Pyar Ke]]'' (2018)<ref name="APNNEWS"/><ref name="Bappi Lahiri is back in action">{{cite news |title=Bappi Lahiri is back in action |url=https://www.pressreader.com/similar/282093457738830 |via=[[PressReader]] |date=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Manju Bharti">{{cite news |title=Manju Bharti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Manju-Bharti |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010174613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Manju-Bharti |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Here is the teaser poster of Mausam Ikrar Ke, Do Pal Pyar Ke |url=https://telanganatoday.com/here-is-the-teaser-poster-of-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke |publisher=[[Telangana Today]] |date=6 June 2018 |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602103048/https://telanganatoday.com/here-is-the-teaser-poster-of-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newsd"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Disco King Bappi Lahiri celebrated Manju Bharti Birthday |url=http://www.starworldnews.co/disco-king-bappi-lahiri-celebrated-manju-bharti-birthday/ |publisher=StarWorldnews |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922171757/http://www.starworldnews.co/disco-king-bappi-lahiri-celebrated-manju-bharti-birthday/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
''[[Pyar Mein Thoda Twist]]'' (2022)
''[[Ek Adhura Sangeet]]'' (2024)<ref name="newsd"/>
| spouse = Mukesh J Bharti
| children = 1
| awards =
}}
'''Manju Bharti''' is an Indian [[actress]], producer, director, and model known for her role as Simran in ''Kaash Tum Hote''.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news |title=Kaash Tum Hote |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/kaash-tum-hote/movieshow/61267559.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605095834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/kaash-tum-hote/movieshow/61267559.cms |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=12 September 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="jagran" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Disco King Bappi Lahiri celebrated Manju Bharti Birthday |url=http://www.starworldnews.co/disco-king-bappi-lahiri-celebrated-manju-bharti-birthday/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922171757/http://www.starworldnews.co/disco-king-bappi-lahiri-celebrated-manju-bharti-birthday/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |publisher=StarWorldnews}}</ref> She has produced films including ''Kaash Tum Hote'', ''[[Mausam Ikrar Ke Do Pal Pyar Ke]]'',<ref name="APNNEWS">{{cite news |date=30 October 2018 |title=Sufi Song "Allah Allah from Mausam Ikrar ke Do Pal Pyar Ke launched by Babul Supriyo and Santosh Gangwar |url=https://www.apnnews.com/sufi-song-allah-allah-from-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke-launched-by-babul-supriyo-and-santosh-gangwar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611112822/https://www.apnnews.com/sufi-song-allah-allah-from-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke-launched-by-babul-supriyo-and-santosh-gangwar/ |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=12 September 2019 |publisher=APN News}}</ref><ref name="Bappi Lahiri is back in action">{{cite news |title=Bappi Lahiri is back in action |url=https://www.pressreader.com/similar/282093457738830 |via=[[PressReader]] |date=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Manju Bharti">{{cite news |title=Manju Bharti |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Manju-Bharti |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010174613/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Manju-Bharti |url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[Pyar Mein Thoda Twist]].<ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2018 |title=Here is the teaser poster of Mausam Ikrar Ke, Do Pal Pyar Ke |url=https://telanganatoday.com/here-is-the-teaser-poster-of-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602103048/https://telanganatoday.com/here-is-the-teaser-poster-of-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke |archive-date=2 June 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |publisher=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref><ref name="newsd" />'' She is working on her upcoming film ''Ek Adhura Sangeet''.<ref name="newsd"/><ref name=":0" />

==Early life and background==
Born on 21 March 1983, Manju finished her schooling from Swami Vivekananda High School, [[Chembur]] and earned a [[Bachelor of Commerce|Bachelor's in Commerce]] degree from [[Mumbai University]] in 2003.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

==Career==
In 2012, Manju launched her production company, Vivek Films Production House. She made her filmmaking debut in 2014 as a producer, actor, and director with the romantic film ''Kaash Tum Hote'', which featured her husband Mukesh J Bharti and Indian model and actress [[Preeti Jhangiani]]. In the film, she played the second female lead, Simran, alongside a cast that included [[Farida Jalal]], [[Sharat Saxena]], [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] and [[Himani Shivpuri]]. The film included music by artists such as [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]], [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Javed Ali]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], and [[Palak Muchhal]].<ref>{{cite news |date=10 June 2012 |title=Debutant producer Manju Bharti dares to shoot in Kashmir |url=https://glamgold.com/debutant-producer-manju-bharti-dares-to-shoot-in-kashmir/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922163248/https://glamgold.com/debutant-producer-manju-bharti-dares-to-shoot-in-kashmir/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |publisher=Glamgold}}</ref>

After her debut, she produced the romantic drama ''[[Mausam Ikrar Ke Do Pal Pyar Ke]]'' in 2018, directed by [[Partho Ghosh]] and starring Mukesh J Bharti and actress [[Madalsa Sharma]] alongside a cast that included [[Neelu Kohli]], [[Avinash Wadhawan|Avinash Wadhwan]], [[Usha Bachani]], [[Hemant Pandey]], and [[Arun Bakshi]].<ref name="newsd">{{cite news |title=Women should've shared #MeToo stories immediately |url=https://newsd.in/women-shouldve-shared-metoo-stories-immediately-bappi-lahiri |publisher=Newsd |date=16 October 2018 |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923163719/https://newsd.in/women-shouldve-shared-metoo-stories-immediately-bappi-lahiri/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bappi Lahiri on #MeToo Movement: Women should've shared their stories immediately |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-bappi-lahiri-on-metoo-movement-women-should-ve-shared-their-stories-immediately-472625 |publisher=[[India TV]] |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922163247/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-bappi-lahiri-on-metoo-movement-women-should-ve-shared-their-stories-immediately-472625 |url-status=live}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]] and sung by him<ref>{{cite news |date=19 October 2018 |title=Bappi Lahiri, Mukesh J Bharti and Ganesh Acharya performed at Preeti Pinky Dandiya during promotion of "Mausam Ikrar ke do pal pyar ke" |url=http://indianewscalling.com/sunday-magazine/news/77218-bappi-lahiri-mukesh-j-bharti-and-ganesh-acharya-performed-at-preeti-pinky-dandiya-during-promotio.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922163249/http://indianewscalling.com/sunday-magazine/news/77218-bappi-lahiri-mukesh-j-bharti-and-ganesh-acharya-performed-at-preeti-pinky-dandiya-during-promotio.aspx |archive-date=22 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |publisher=Indianewscalling}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Deep |date=17 February 2022 |title=A lover of music, Bappi Lahiri made music until the end |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/a-lover-of-music-bappi-lahiri-made-music-until-the-end-101645038323449.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> along with [[Armaan Malik]], [[Palak Muchhal]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Brijesh Shandilya]], [[Amruta Fadnavis]], and [[Babul Supriyo]].<ref name="APNNEWS" /><ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2018 |title=बाबुल सुप्रियो ने लॉन्च किया, फिल्म 'मौसम इकरार के दो पल प्यार के' का गीत |url=https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/khabre/babul-supriyo-launches-song-of-the-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke/98945/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602103046/https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/khabre/babul-supriyo-launches-song-of-the-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke/98945/ |archive-date=2 June 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |work=[[Navodaya Times]] |language=Hindi}}</ref> The songs in the film were choreographed by [[Ganesh Acharya]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2018 |title=Sufi Song "Allah Allah from Mausam Ikrar ke Do Pal Pyar Ke launched by Babul Supriyo and Santosh Gangwar |url=https://www.apnnews.com/sufi-song-allah-allah-from-mausam-ikrar-ke-do-pal-pyar-ke-launched-by-babul-supriyo-and-santosh-gangwar/ |access-date= |website=APN News |language=en-US}}</ref> and the movie was filmed in [[Nainital]], Uttarakhand.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kala |first=Gaurav |title=नैनीताल में 'मौसम है इकरार के, दो पल प्‍यार के' की शूटिंग शुरू - |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-a-film-shooting-start-in-nainital-15072232.html |access-date= |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Shantiswaroop |date=2 November 2018 |title=फिल्म रिव्यू : मौसम इकरार के, दो पल प्यार के |url=https://www.grihshobha.in/entertainment/do-pal-pyaar-ke-film-review |access-date= |website=Grihshobha |language=en-US}}</ref> The film's poster was launched by Veteran Director and producer [[Farah Khan]] along with [[Bappi Lahiri]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2018 |title=Enjoy the warmth of love this monsoon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/enjoy-the-warmth-of-love-this-monsoon/articleshow/64584032.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

After her second film, Manju produced the 2022 romantic drama, ''Pyar Mein Thoda Twist,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pyar Mein Thoda Twist Movie Review : An escapable tale of love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/pyar-mein-thoda-twist/movie-review/89670134.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>'' directed by [[Partho Ghosh]] and starring Mukesh J Bharti and [[Richa Mukherjee]] alongside a cast that included [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]], [[Govind Namdev]], Atul Srivastav, [[Alka Amin]], Soma Rathord, Onkar Das Manikpuri, Santosh Shukla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=एक्टर मुकेश भारती और प्रोड्यूसर मंजू भारती ने जीता शोबिज आइकन अवार्ड 2020 |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/actor-mukesh-bharti-and-producer-manju-bharti-won-the-showbiz-icon-award-2020-3390230.html |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=News18 हिंदी |date=20 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]] and sung by him, along with [[Kanika Kapoor]], [[Ila Arun]], [[Jonita Gandhi|Jointa Gandhi]] and [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=Priya |date=30 January 2022 |title=मुकेश जे भारती ने जारी किया 'प्यार में थोड़ा ट्विस्ट' का फर्स्ट लुक पोस्टर, जानें कब रिलीज होगी फिल्म |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/viral-social-mukesh-j-bharti-releases-poster-of-his-upcoming-movie-pyar-mein-thoda-twist-ps-3982243.html |access-date= |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> The movie was filmed in [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Saxena">{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Deep |date=5 February 2022 |title=I aim to become a good actor, not a star: Mukesh J Bharti |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-aim-to-become-a-good-actor-not-a-star-mukesh-j-bharti-101644066622428.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> She will produce and direct the upcoming musical drama ''Ek Adhura Sangeet'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2018 |title=मुंबई में बप्पी लाहिड़ी ने मनाया अपना 65वां जन्मदिन शामिल हुए कईं सितारे |url=https://mayapuri.com/hi/photos/photo/bappi-da-turns-65-celebrates-50-years-of-music-and-turns-director-with-manju-bharti-and-mukesh-j-bhartis-ek-adhura-sangeet |access-date= |website=mayapuri.com |language=hi}}</ref> a project that [[Bappi Lahiri]] had initially planned to direct himself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Looking back at Bappi Lahiri's 50-year-old Bollywood journey |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2019/01/19/looking-back-bappi-lahiri-50-years-bollywood.html |access-date= |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karki |first=Tripti |date=27 November 2018 |title=Disco King Bappi Lahiri turns 65, set to direct feature film |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-disco-king-bappi-lahiri-turns-65-set-to-direct-feature-film-486995 |access-date= |website=indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> In addition, she's also working on an action thriller ''C60'', which is a biopic of ATS chief K. P. Raghuvanshi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2016 |title=Akshay Kumar will make a very good on-screen ex-ATS chief Raghuvanshi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/akshay-kumar-will-make-a-very-good-on-screen-ex-ats-chief-raghuvanshi/articleshow/51409518.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

In 2021, Manju founded Hangout Studio, a facility for shooting ad films, movies, TV shows, and web series. With her husband, Mukesh J Bharti, Manju opened a new shooting location at Malad West, Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मंजू भारती और मुकेश जे भारती के स्वामित्व वाले हैंगआउट स्टूडियो का उद्घाटन गायक शान और अभिनेत्री प्रीति झंगियानी ने किया। |url=https://mayapuri.com/hi/photos/photo/singer-shaan-and-actress-preeti-jhangiani-inaugurates-hangout-studio-owned-by-manju-bharti-and-mukesh-j-bharti |access-date= |website=mayapuri.com |language=hi}}</ref> The studio was officially opened with a ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by singer [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] and [[Preeti Jhangiani]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Report |date=3 July 2021 |title=Shaan and Preeti Jhangiani inaugurate Hangout Studio owned by Manju and Mukesh J |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/783940/shaan-and-preeti-jhangiani-inaugurate-hangout-studio-owned-by-manju-and-mukesh-j/ |access-date= |website=Daily Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==

* '''2020''': Received the Midday Showbiz Icon Award 2020 held at the [[Grand Hyatt Mumbai|Grand Hyatt, Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Midday Showbiz Icon Award 2020 अभिनेता मुकेश जे भारती और निर्माता मंजू भारती ने जीता |url=https://www.jagran.com/maharashtra/mumbai-actor-mukesh-j-bharti-and-producer-manju-bharti-facilitated-by-midday-showbiz-icon-award2020-21214170.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610171207/https://m.jagran.com/maharashtra/mumbai-actor-mukesh-j-bharti-and-producer-manju-bharti-facilitated-by-midday-showbiz-icon-award2020-21214170.html |archive-date=10 June 2021 |access-date=10 June 2021 |work=[[Dainik Jagran]] |language=hi}}</ref>
* '''2022''': Received the Midday International Icon Award in 2022 at an event held in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akanksha |date=4 July 2022 |title=Actor Mukesh J Bharti and Producer Manju Bharti won Midday International Icon Award 2022 held at Dubai |url=https://www.bollywoodcouch.com/actor-mukesh-j-bharti-and-producer-manju-bharti-won-midday-international-icon-award-2022-held-at-dubai/ |access-date= |website=Bollywood Couch |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''2022''': Received the Biz Glam Award in 2022 for her film ''Pyar Mein Thoda Twist''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vichar |first=Amrit |date=20 October 2022 |title='प्यार में थोड़ा ट्विस्ट्' के लिए मुकेश जे और मंजू भारती को मिला Biz Glam Award 2022, नेहा धूपिया ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.amritvichar.com/article/302561/mukesh-j-and-manju-bharti-get-biz-glam-award-2022-for-the-film-pyaar-mein-thoda-twist-neha-dhupia-honored#gsc.tab=0 |access-date= |website=Amrit Vichar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Manju married actor Mukesh J Bharti in 2004, and they have one child, Vivek Bharti.<ref name="Saxena"/>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Role
|-
|2024
|''C60''
|[[Hindi]]
|
|-
|2024
|''Ek Adhura Sangeet''
|[[Hindi]]
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Pyar Mein Thoda Twist]]''
|[[Hindi]]
|
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Mausam Ikrar Ke Do Pal Pyar Ke]]''<ref name="newsd"/>||[[Hindi]]||''Simi''
|-
| 2014 ||''Kaash Tum Hote''<ref name="jagran">{{cite news |title='काश तुम होते' को प्रदेश से बड़ी आस |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/moradabad-city-11889461.html |language=Hindi |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=19 December 2014 |access-date=12 September 2019 |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616163930/https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/moradabad-city-11889461.html |url-status=live}}</ref>||[[Hindi]]||''Simran''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9245819|Manju Bharti}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|Fashion|Film|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharti, Manju}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]

Tiktiki

2026-04-18T13:39:30Z

Palashkhanra73: made page - done

{{Short description|Bengali web series}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
'''''Tiktiki''''' is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] [[streaming television]] series directed by Dhrubo Banerjee as his directorial debut in the OTT space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhrubo Banerjee ventures into OTT space with 'Tiktiki' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/lifestyle/dhrubo-banerjee-ventures-into-ott-space-with-tiktiki/cid/1856050 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anirban Bhattacharya and Kaushik Ganguly starrer Tiktiki series Trailer is out |url=https://pipanews.com/anirban-bhattacharya-and-kaushik-ganguly-starrer-tiktiki-series-trailer-is-out/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> It was released on 18 March 2022 in Hoichoi OTT platform under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF Entertainment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiktiki (2022) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/tiktiki-47739 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201083800/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/tiktiki-47739 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 December 2021 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> It stars [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Anirban Bhattacharya]] and [[Anirban Chakraborty]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiktiki: নির্ভুল অপরাধ ও পারফেক্ট তদন্ত! শেষ পর্যন্ত কে বলবে চেকমেট? টানটান 'টিকটিকি'-র ট্রেলার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/ott/story/tiktiki-new-thriller-bengali-web-series-starring-kaushik-ganguly-anirban-bhattacharya-directed-dhrubo-banerjee-official-trailer-launches-soc-353299-2022-03-12 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Tiktiki Full Movie Online, Release Date, Trailer, Cast and Songs {{!}} Film |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/tiktiki-790998.html |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref> It is an adaptation of [[Sleuth (play)|''Sleuth'']], the drama of [[Anthony Shaffer (writer)|Anthony Shaffer]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=বিখ্যাত নাটক থেকে ওয়েব সিরিজ, কতটা জমল অনির্বাণ-কৌশিকের ‘টিকটিকি’? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/review-of-dhrubo-banerjees-new-web-series-tiktiki/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-12 |title=আজ থেকে শুরু অনির্বাণ-কৌশিকের ‘টিকটিকি’ খেলা? রহস্যে ঝোঁক থাকলে মিস করবেন না! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dhruba-banerjee-s-new-web-series-tiktiki-by-anirban-bhattacharya-and-kaushik-ganguly-is-ready-to-launch-31647067643681.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312235303/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/dhruba-banerjee-s-new-web-series-tiktiki-by-anirban-bhattacharya-and-kaushik-ganguly-is-ready-to-launch-31647067643681.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Soumendrakrishna lives alone in the gigantic palace. He wants to sit face to face with a young man named Milan Basak and invites him. SoumendraKrishna claims that he is unhappy with his wife Mimi. So if Milan marries Mimi, he has no objection. Instead, he wants to give his wife a 50 lakhs worth necklace as a gift. But Milan has to steal it. It starts a series of mind games which turn into a fatal game of revenge.<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
* [[Kaushik Ganguly]] as Soumendrakrishna Deb
* [[Anirban Bhattacharya]] as Milan Basak

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|15516212}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:Thriller web series]]
[[Category:2022 web series debuts]]

Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:31Z

Palashkhanra73: made page

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = [[Shangus]]–Ananatnag East
| mla = [[Reyaz Ahmad Khan]]
| party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| district = [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Anantnag-Rajouri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag-Rajouri]]
| established = 2022
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 46
}}

'''Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. Shangus is also part of [[Anantnag-Rajouri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag-Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12211-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-assamarunachal-pradesh-manipur-and-nagaland-notification-dated-06032020/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir, Assam,Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland - Notification dated 06.03.2020 - Delimitation - Election Commission of India |newspaper=eci.gov.in |accessdate=2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13193-delimitation-of-constituencies-in-jammu-kashmir-notification-dated-03032021/ |title=Delimitation of Constituencies in Jammu-Kashmir - Notification dated 03.03.2021 - Presidential Orders/ Delimitation Commission Orders |website=Election Commission of India |date= 3 March 2021 |accessdate= 2021-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Shangus Assembly Constituency|url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/assembly-constituencies/shangus.html|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Elections.in}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
!colspan="4"|As Shangus
|-
| [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Mohammed Ashraf Khan]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || [[Mohammed Maqbool Dar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || [[Abdul Rashid Dar]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || Abdul Majeed Mir
|-
| [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || [[Peer Mohammed Hussain]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || Peerzada Mansoor Hussain
|-
| [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || [[Gulzar Ahmad Wani]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!colspan="4"|Shangus–Anantnag East
|-
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Reyaz Ahmad Khan]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus–Anantnag East<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Shangus|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0846.htm|access-date=9 July 2025|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709150101/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0846.htm|archive-date=9 July 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Reyaz Ahmad Khan]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |votes=30,345 |percentage=52.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rehman Veeri|Abdul Rehman Bhat]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=15,813 |percentage=27.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vir Ji Saraf |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,988 |percentage=3.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Faizan Rahi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,980 |percentage=3.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,905 |percentage=3.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sheikh Zafarrulah |party=Independent politician |votes=1,363 |percentage=2.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maharaj Krishan Yogi |party=Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party |votes=1,162 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtiyaz Ahmad Rather |party=Independent politician |votes=923 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rawoof Ahmad Padder |party=Independent politician |votes=776 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Reyaz Majid Sofi |party=Independent politician |votes=625 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Irshad Ahmad Malik |party=National Loktantrik Party |votes=578 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,532 |percentage=25.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,994 |percentage=57.48% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,00,902 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu and Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gulzar Ahmad Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,085 |percentage=37.08% |change={{increase}}11.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Mansoor Hussain |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=18,896 |percentage=33.23% |change={{increase}}5.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Reyaz Ahmad Khan]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,892 |percentage=19.15% |change={{increase}}10.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khalid Muzaffar Maqbool Dar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,275 |percentage=4.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tanveer Hussain Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,240 |percentage=2.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=591 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammad Yousuf Ganie |party=Independent politician |votes=563 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat |party=Republican Party of India (Athawale) |votes=561 |percentage=0.99% |change={{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir Ahmad Wani |party=Independent politician |votes=435 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,189 |percentage=3.85% |change= {{increase}}0.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,866 |percentage=68.77% |change= {{decrease}}0.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,689 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}9.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225073739/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/10-Detailed%20Results.pdf|archive-date=25 December 2024|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Peerzada Mansoor Hussain |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=13,853 |percentage=27.99% |change={{decrease}}9.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gulzar Ahmad Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,423 |percentage=25.10% |change={{decrease}}9.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rashid Dar]] |party=Independent politician |votes=7,144 |percentage=14.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Syed Khan |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=4,217 |percentage=8.52% |change={{decrease}}10.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtiyaz Ahmad Rather |party=People's Democratic Front (Jammu and Kashmir) |votes=3,456 |percentage=6.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majeed Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=2,645 |percentage=5.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mushtaq Ahmad Bhat |party=Republican Party of India (Athawale) |votes=756 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Hamid Rishi |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=672 |percentage=1.36% |change={{decrease}}2.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Amin |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=647 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Iqbal Mir |party=Independent politician |votes=640 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,430 |percentage=2.89% |change= {{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,495 |percentage=69.29% |change= {{increase}}43.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,429 |ref = |change= {{increase}}31.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192246/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/StatRep_JK_02.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Peer Mohammed Hussain]] |party=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |votes=5,115 |percentage=37.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gulzar Ahmad Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,774 |percentage=34.60% |change={{increase}}23.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majeed Mir |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=2,563 |percentage=18.57% |change={{decrease}}25.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Hamid Rishi |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=477 |percentage=3.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Habib -Ul- Rahman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=302 |percentage=2.19% |change={{increase}}0.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Naik |party=Independent politician |votes=299 |percentage=2.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rahmatullah Khan |party=Samata Party |votes=269 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=341 |percentage=2.47% |change= {{decrease}}1.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,799 |percentage=25.40% |change= {{decrease}}25.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,319 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}7.48 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117084805/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-JK96.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Majeed Mir |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=10,703 |percentage=44.55% |change={{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gowhar Maqbool |party=Janata Dal |votes=9,710 |percentage=40.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gulzar Ahmad Wani]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,768 |percentage=11.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Misgar |party=Jammu and Kashmir Awami League |votes=426 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Molvi Habib-Ul-Rehman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=418 |percentage=1.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=993 |percentage=4.13% |change= {{decrease}}14.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,025 |percentage=52.35% |change= {{decrease}}28.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,298 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114084427/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReport_jk_87.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdul Rashid Dar]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=14,283 |percentage=43.97% |change={{decrease}}2.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jamseed Ghulam Mohammed |party=Independent politician |votes=8,237 |percentage=25.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqbool Dar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,996 |percentage=21.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ashraf Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,795 |percentage=8.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,046 |percentage=18.61% |change= {{increase}}13.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,485 |percentage=81.38% |change= {{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,719 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.87 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117082124/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport_JK_1983.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqbool |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,403 |percentage=50.84% |change={{increase}}32.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ashraf Khan |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=13,042 |percentage=46.03% |change={{decrease}}24.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peer Wali Ullah |party=Independent politician |votes=886 |percentage=3.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,361 |percentage=4.80% |change= {{decrease}}46.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,331 |percentage=81.96% |change= {{increase}}6.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,323 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Shangus<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport_JK_77.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Ashraf Khan |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=15,568 |percentage=70.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammed Maqbool |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,162 |percentage=18.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Rashid Dar |party=Janata Party |votes=2,185 |percentage=9.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashit Anmad Khan |party=Independent politician |votes=258 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,406 |percentage=51.44% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,173 |percentage=77.62% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,085 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==

* [[Shangus]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|33.70|75.28|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shangus-Anantnag East Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Anantnag district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Deepak Birua

2026-04-04T15:56:14Z

Palashkhanra73: added initial details needs work - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Deepak Birua
| office = [[Government of Jharkhand|Cabinet Minister, Government of Jharkhand]]
| term_start = 5 December 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| governor = [[Santosh Gangwar]]
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Hemant Soren]]
| minister = * Minister of Revenue
* Minister of Registration and Land Reforms
* Minister of Transport
| office2 = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Chaibasa Assembly constituency|Chaibasa]]
| term_start2 = 2009
| predecessor2 = [[Putkar Hembrom]]
| term_end2 = 
| successor2 = 
| office3 = [[Government of Jharkhand|Cabinet Minister, Government of Jharkhand]]
| term3 = 16 February 2024 - 28 November 2024
| governor3 = [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] [[Santosh Gangwar]]
| 1blankname3 = [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Champai Soren]] [[Hemant Soren]]
| minister3 = * Minister of Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes Welfare
* Minister of Transport
| education = Graduate (Tata College, Chaibasa, Ranchi University)
| occupation = Social Service, Politician
| father = Mahendra Birua
| party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| image = Deepak Birua.jpg
}}
'''Deepak Birua''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]. He is the current cabinet minister for the Minister of Revenue, Minister of Registration and Land Reforms and Minister of Transport in [[Government of Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharkhand: Hemant Soren's team of 11 ministers takes oath |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/jharkhand/jharkhand-hemant-sorens-team-of-11-ministers-takes-oath-3304859 |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Birua is a member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Chaibasa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chaibasa constituency]] in [[West Singhbhum district]] in 2009, 2014, 2019 and 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepak Birua(JMM):Constituency- CHAIBASA (ST)(WEST SINGHBHUM ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11318 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepak Birua (JMM):Constituency- Chaibasa(West Singhbhum) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/jarka09/candidate.php?candidate_id=902 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Panda |first=Sushmita |date=2019-12-23 |title=Chaibasa Constituency result: JMM's Deepak Birua wins by 26159 votes |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news-jharkhand-chaibasa-constituency-result-live-572919 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Birua, Deepak}}
[[Category:People from West Singhbhum district]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]

{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}

Rashmi Shukla

2026-03-29T04:30:00Z

Palashkhanra73: New some entry w/ sources

{{Short description|Director General of Maharashtra Police}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox police officer
| name = Rashmi Shukla
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd.)
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|06|30}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPS : Query Result(s) |url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=dtf.in}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| department = [[Maharashtra Police]]
| rank = [[File:Director General of Police.png|25px]] [[Director General of Police]]
| spouse =
}}
'''Rashmi Shukla''' (born 30 June 1964) is a retired [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer of the 1988 batch who has served as the [[Director General of Police]] DGP Maharashtra from January 2024 till January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08 |title=Decode Politics: The long arm of a lawmaker, new Maharashtra DGP Rashmi Shukla |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rashmi-shukla-maharashtra-dgp-ips-9100549/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=Rashmi Shukla takes charge as Maharashtra DGP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/rashmi-shukla-takes-charge-as-maharashtra-dgp-101704833415085.html |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rash,i shuka - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=rash,i+shuka |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=www.google.com}}</ref> She was the '''first woman''' to hold this post.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Shoumojit |date=2024-01-04 |title=Rashmi Shukla becomes Maharashtra's first woman Director General of Police |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/rashmi-shukla-becomes-maharashtras-first-woman-director-general-of-police/article67706657.ece |access-date=2024-01-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=Who is Rashmi Shukla? Maharashtra's first woman DGP was at centre of phone-tapping row |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-is-rashmi-shukla-maharashtras-first-woman-dgp-was-at-centre-of-phone-tapping-row/3356529/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> Prior, to this she served as [[Director general|Director General]] of [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] of India.

== Career ==
Her career reflects a series of high-profile appointments and extensive experience in law enforcement and security. She served as the Director General of the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (SSB) from March 2023, a [[Central Armed Police Forces|Central Armed Police Force]] focused on guarding India’s borders with neighboring nations. Previously, she held the position of Additional Director-General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) in 2021, showcasing her expertise in leading national-level security operations. Over her career, she was awarded the President's Police Medal for Meritorious Service in 2005. Shukla also held a state-level roles, including [[Police commissioner|Commissioner of Police]] in Pune and head of the [[State Intelligence Department]] (SID), demonstrating her longstanding involvement in both state and central law enforcement initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savkoor |first=Tanya |title=Meet IPS Rashmi Shukla, First Woman DGP Of Maharashtra |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/ips-rashmi-shukla-maharashtra-first-woman-dgp-2319271 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=www.shethepeople.tv |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra: Ex-DGP Rashmi Shukla's Fate In Hands Of New Govt, Likely To Be Re-appointed If Mahayuti Comes To Power After Assembly Elections |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/maharashtra-ex-dgp-rashmi-shuklas-fate-in-hands-of-new-govt-likely-to-be-re-appointed-if-mahayuti-comes-to-power-after-assembly-elections |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Rashmi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Police commissioners of Mumbai]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
{{authority control}}

{{Maharashtra-stub}}

Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, 2015

2026-03-25T18:33:31Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Short description|Law of Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{update|date=November 2019}}

{{Infobox legislation
| short_title =
| legislature =
| long_title =
| citation =
| territorial_extent =
| enacted_by =
| date_enacted =
| date_assented =
| date_commenced =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| summary =
| keywords =
| status =
}}
The '''Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, 2015''' ('''GUJCOCA''') is a controversial [[anti-terrorism]] law passed by the state [[legislature]] of [[Gujarat]], India, in April 2003. On 5 November 2019, President Ram Nath Kovind gave his assent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-anti-terror-law-president-assent-4th-attempt-1615934-2019-11-05|title=Controversial Gujarat anti-terror law gets President assent on 4th attempt|date=5 November 2019|work=Indiatoday|access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>

==Introduction and presidential assent==
The bill was drawn on the lines of the [[Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, 1999]] (for [[Maharashtra]]) and Karnataka Control of Organised Crime Act (for [[Karnataka]]).<ref name="expressindia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/united-against-terror-bjp-deserters-back-modi-stance-on-gujcoc-bill/360759/ |title=BJP deserters back Modi stance on GUJCOC Bill |access-date=28 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916231557/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/United-against-terror-BJP-deserters-back-Modi-stance-on-GUJCOC-Bill/360759/ |archive-date=16 September 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was then sent to the office of the [[President of India]] for assent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/jaipur-blasts-revive-debate-over-gujcoc-bill/310482/ |title=Jaipur blasts revive debate over GUJCOC Bill |access-date=28 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620101454/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Jaipur-blasts-revive-debate-over-GUJCOC-Bill/310482/ |archive-date=20 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Originally, Dr. [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] didn't give assent because of a few controversial points:

# Clause 16 relates to the confession made before a police officer being admissible in court<ref name="gujcoc_change_june_2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Centre-returns-GUJCOC-Bill--asks-state-to-amend-3-clauses/478913|title=Centre returns GUJCOC Bill, asks state to amend 3 clauses|date=20 June 2009 }}</ref>
# Substitute the word "may" for "shall" after the words Special Court occurring in clause 20(2) and bring the provision in line with Section 43(d)(2) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (Amendment), Clause 20(2) deals with the extension of the detention period<ref name="gujcoc_change_june_2009" />
# Amend Clause 20(4) to bring it in conformity with Section 43(d)(5) of the UAP (Amendment) Act. Clause 20(4) deals with the powers of the court to grant bail.<ref name="gujcoc_change_june_2009" />

In July 2009,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-28/india/28166240_1_gujarat-control-gujcoc-bill-anti-terror-bill |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024085118/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-28/india/28166240_1_gujarat-control-gujcoc-bill-anti-terror-bill |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Gujarat passes anti-terror bill, rejects President's suggestions | date=28 July 2009}}</ref> the bill was re-introduced in the state legislature without the changes suggested by the President, but it failed to pass. In 2019, The Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime (GCTOC) bill passed by the Gujarat State Assembly received President Ram Nath Kovind's assent. The bill, which was formulated in 2003 when Prime Minister Narendra Modi was Chief Minister of the State, had been sent for presidential clearance three times. Each time it was rejected over a few controversial provisions.

The bill was successful in its fourth attempt when President Kovind gave his assent on 7 November 2019, almost 16 years after it was first introduced. It was considered controversial for two key reasons: intercepted telephone conversations would be considered legitimate evidence and a confession made before a police officer would also be considered documented evidence. President [[Ram Nath Kovind]] passed both.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Katakam |first=Anupama |date=8 November 2019 |title=President's assent to Gujarat anti-terrorism Bill of 2003 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29922498.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219204722/https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29922498.ece |archive-date=2019-12-19 |access-date=2019-11-08 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref> The law provides for the constitution of a special court along with the appointment of special public prosecutors to handle organised crime cases. Furthermore, assets acquired through organised crime could be auctioned and the transfer of assets could be cancelled.

The new law states that any act intended to disrupt or endanger law and order, public order, or the unity, integrity and security of the State, is illegal. Spreading terror in the minds of people also falls into the category of terrorism. The new law is formulated to deal with terrorism and organised crime such as contract killing, ponzi schemes, the narcotics trade, extortion rackets, cybercrime, land-grabbing and human trafficking.

According to state Ministry, the new law has a provision that allows up to life imprisonment for cases involving the crimes listed above. Additionally, if a death occurs in these crimes, capital punishment could apply.

== Human Rights Issue ==
The bill got an outright rejection from President A.P.J Abdul Kalam. In 2008, a second attempt was made at getting the presidential nod, but President [[Pratibha Patil]] sent it back over the confession provisions. In 2015, it went before President [[Pranab Mukherjee|Pranab Mukherji]] but was sent back as he sought clarification on some clauses. While other States have similar laws, the provisions in the Gujarat law are widely acknowledged to be harsh, dangerous and part of a larger agenda.

===See also===
* [[Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act]] (POTA) of 2002

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Organised crime in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gujarat Control of Organised Crime Act}}
[[Category:2003 in law]]
[[Category:Terrorism laws in India]]
[[Category:2003 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Gujarat state legislation]]
[[Category:Proposed laws of India]]
[[Category:Organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Acts related to organized crime]]

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

2026-03-24T12:26:34Z

Palashkhanra73: improved article

{{Short description|Government ministry of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
| nativename_r = ''Navīna ēvama Navīkaraṇīya Ūrjā Maṁtrālaya''
| type = Agency
| seal = Government of India logo.svg
| seal_size = 100px
| seal_caption = Branch of Government of India
| logo = MNRE India.svg
| logo_width = 250px
| logo_caption = Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
| formed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1982}}
| preceding1 = Department of Non-conventional Energy Sources (DNES)
| preceding2 = 
| dissolved =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
| headquarters = [[New Delhi, India]]
| coordinates = 
| motto =
| employees =
| budget = {{INRConvert|32914|c}} (2026-27 est.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |title=Budget data |date=2023 |website=www.indiabudget.gov.in |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304170727/http://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub2018-19/eb/sbe95.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| minister1_name = [[Pralhad Joshi]]
| minister1_pfo = Cabinet Minister
| deputyminister1_name = [[Shripad Yesso Naik]]
| deputyminister1_pfo = Minister of State
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo = 
| chief1_name = Santosh Kumar Sarangi, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = Secretary
| chief2_name =
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| keydocument1 = 
| website = https://mnre.gov.in/
| map =
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}}

{{Renewable energy}}
The '''Ministry of New and Renewable Energy''' ('''MNRE''') is a ministry of the [[Government of India]], headed by current [[cabinet (government)|Union Cabinet Minister]] [[Pralhad Joshi]], that is mainly responsible for [[research and development]], [[intellectual property]] protection, and international cooperation, promotion, and coordination in [[renewable energy]] sources such as [[wind power]], [[small hydro]], [[biogas]], [[Battery energy storage system|battery energy storage]] and [[Solar energy|solar power]].

The broad aim of the ministry is to develop and deploy new and renewable energy for supplementing the energy requirements of [[India]].

The ministry is headquartered in [[Lodi Road]], [[New Delhi]].<ref>[http://www.mnre.gov.in/contact.htm Contact Details] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820015739/http://www.mnre.gov.in/contact.htm |date=20 August 2011 }}</ref> According to the Ministry's 2016-17 annual report, India has made significant advances in several renewable energy sectors which include, solar energy, wind power, battery energy storage system (BESS) and [[hydroelectricity]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2016-2017/EN/index.html |title=Annual Report |publisher=Mnre.gov.in |access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref>

==History==

The ministry was established as the '''Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources''' in 1992. It adopted its current name in October 2006.<ref>1. http://mnre.gov.in/mission-and-vision-2/people/minister/</ref>

== Divisions ==

* Bio Energy
* Energy Sorage Systems
* Green Energy Coridors
* Rajbhasha
* Human Resource Development
* International Relations
* Hydrogen
* Lab Policy, Quality Control and Standardization
* Research and Development
* New Technologies
* Small Hydropower
* Solar Thermal
* Solar
* Wind

==Initiatives==
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission]] (JNNSM) - The National Solar Mission was launched on 11 January 2010 by the Prime Minister. The Mission has set the ambitious target of deploying 20,000 MW of grid-connected solar power by 2022. Further, Government has revised the target of Grid Connected Solar Power Projects from 20,000 MW by the year 2021-22 to 100,000 MW by the year 2021-22 under the National Solar Mission and it was approved by Cabinet on 17 June 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-mission/jnnsm/introduction-2/ |title=Ministry of New and Renewable Energy - Scheme / Documents |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131105523/http://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-mission/jnnsm/introduction-2/ |archive-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

* National [[Biogas]] and [[Manure]] Management Programme (NBMMP)<ref>[http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm Family Type Biogas Plants Programme] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519080748/http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/prog-ftbp.htm |date=19 May 2011 }}</ref>

* Solar Lantern Programme LALA<ref>[http://www.mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/solar_lantern.pdf Solar Lantern Programme] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519075848/http://mnre.gov.in/adm-approvals/solar_lantern.pdf |date=19 May 2011 }}</ref>

* [[Solar thermal energy]] Demonstration Programme<ref>[http://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-tdau.htm Solar Thermal Energy Demonstration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519143250/http://mnre.gov.in/solar-tdau.htm |date=19 May 2011 }}</ref>

* Remote Village Lighting Programme<ref>[http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm Remote Village Lighting Programme] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519080807/http://mnre.gov.in/prog-rvlp.htm |date=19 May 2011 }}</ref>

* National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative (NBCI)<ref>[http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm National Biomass Cookstoves Initiative] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519080733/http://mnre.gov.in/prog-nbci.htm |date=19 May 2011 }}</ref>

* National Offshore Wind Energy Authority<ref>{{Cite press release|title = National Offshore Wind Energy Authority (NOWA) to be constituted shortly|date = 14 August 2013|publisher = Press Information Bureau|location = India|url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=98283|access-date = 14 August 2013}}</ref>

*'''Association of Renewable energy agencies of states''' (AREAS): It was formed by Ministry for better coordination and sharing of best practices among various state nodal agencies for renewable energy. The Minister in charge of the MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable energy) is the patron while the Secretary of MNRE is the ex-officio president of the association.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mnre.gov.in/areas|title=AREAS|website=Ministry of New and Renewable EnergyGOI|access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref>

*'''One Sun One World One Grid initiative :''' The ambitious project aims to connect 140 countries of South East [[Asia]] and [[Middle East]] to a trans-national solar power grid. The idea was first proposed by India in 2018 assembly of [[International Solar Alliance]] and is aimed at moving one step ahead in the direction of target of government to produce 40% of its energy requirements from the renewable sources. The idea behind this initiative is, "Sun never sets" and it is constant at a particular geographic location at a given point of time. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy will head this initiative with technical support from the [[World Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/one-sun-one-world-one-grid-all-you-need-to-know-about-solar-strategy-120081500417_1.html|title=One Sun, One World, One Grid: All you need to know about mega solar plan|website=[[Business Standard]]|date=15 August 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02}}</ref>

==Achievements==

===Power from renewables===

====Grid-based====
As per Annual Report 2016-17 of Ministry, As of December 2016, the Ministry was successful in deploying a total of 50068.37 Megawatt (MW) capacity of grid-based renewable energy. 28700.44 MW of which was from [[wind power]], 4333.85 MW from [[Small hydro Power]], 7907.34 MW from [[Bio power]] 9012.66 MW from [[solar power]] (SPV), and the rest 114.08 MW from [[Waste to Power]].

====Off-grid====
During the same time period, the total deployment of an [[off-grid]] based renewable energy capacity was about 1403.70 MW. Of these, [[biomass]] (non-[[bagasse]]) Cogeneration consisted of 651.91 MW, [[Bio mass Gasifier]] was 186.88 MW Waste to energy was 163.35 MW, [[SPV Systems]] (of less than 1 Kilowatt (kW)) capacity was 405.54 1 MW, and the rest from [[micro-Hydro and Wind power]].

===Other renewable energy systems===
The total number of deployment of family [[biogas plant]] was 49.40 [[lakhs]]. And the total area that is covered with [[solar water heating]] (SWH) systems was 4.47 Million m2.

==Institutions==
The Ministry has 5 specialized [[technical institution]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mnre.gov.in/centers/about-sec-2/ |title=Ministry of New and Renewable Energy - National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123234054/http://mnre.gov.in/centers/about-sec-2 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> They are:-

* [[National Institute of Solar Energy]] (NISE): National Institute of Solar Energy, an autonomous institution of Ministry of New and Renewable (MNRE), is the apex National R&D institution in the field Solar Energy. The Government of India has converted 25-year-old Solar Energy Centre (SEC) under MNRE to an autonomous institution in September 2013 to assist the Ministry in implementing the National Solar Mission and to coordinate research, technology, skill development, training, consultancy, incubation and other related works. NISE is located in Gurugram, Haryana
* National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE): NIWE has been established in Chennai in the year 1998, as an autonomous R&D institution by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India. It is a knowledge-based institution of high quality and dedication, offers services and seeks to find complete solutions for the kinds of difficulties and improvements in the entire spectrum of the wind energy sector by carrying out further research. NIWE is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Website : https://niwe.res.in/
* Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (SSS-NIBE): SSS-NIBE is an autonomous Institution of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Govt. of India spread over a sprawling campus of about 75 acres, the Institute is marching towards development into a Global Centre of Excellence in the Bio-Energy. The objectives of the Institute are to carry out and facilitate research, design, development, testing, standardization & technology demonstration eventually leading to commercialization of RD&D output with a focus on bioenergy, biofuels & synthetic fuels in solid, liquid & gaseous forms for transportation, portable & stationary applications, development of hybrid / integrated energy systems, to undertake & facilitate human resource development at all levels including postdoctoral research. It is located in Kapurthala (Punjab).
* Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA): IREDA is a Non-Banking Financial Institution under the administrative control of this Ministry for providing term loans for renewable energy and [[efficient energy use|energy efficiency]] projects.IREDA is a Public Limited Government Company.
* Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI): SECI is a CPSU under the administrative control of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), set up on 20th Sept 2011 to facilitate the implementation of JNNSM and achievement of targets set therein. It is the only CPSU dedicated to the solar energy sector. It was originally incorporated as a section-25 (not for profit) company under the Companies Act, 1956

==State Nodal Agencies==
The Ministry has established state nodal agencies in different states and union territories of India to promote and expand the growth of [[efficient energy use]] of [[renewable energy]] in their respective states. The primary objective of a state nodal agency under this ministry is to develop, coordinate, finance and promote research projects in the new and renewable energy field. It is also expected to devise programmes for research and development as well as applicative extensions of new and renewable energy sources.<ref>{{cite report |title=Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Status in India |publisher=ICLEI South Asia |url=http://local-renewables.iclei.org/fileadmin/template/projects/localrenewables/files/Local_Renewables/Publications/RE_EE_report_India_final_sm.pdf |page=29 |date=May 2007 |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045151/http://local-renewables.iclei.org/fileadmin/template/projects/localrenewables/files/Local_Renewables/Publications/RE_EE_report_India_final_sm.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ State Nodal Agencies under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, India
|-
! State
! Nodal Agency
! Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer
! Notes
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] || Non-Conventional Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (NEDCAP) Ltd. || M. Kamalakar Babu || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://nedcap.gov.in/BoardOfDirectors.aspx |title=Non-Conventional Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907165342/http://nedcap.gov.in/BoardOfDirectors.aspx |archive-date=7 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || Arunachal Pradesh Energy Development Agency (APEDA) || Marki Loya ||
|-
| [[Assam]] || Assam Energy Development Agency || Haresh Chandra Dutta || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assamrenewable.org/aboutaeda.html#governingbodies | title=Assam Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bihar]] || Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency || Dayanidhan Pandey || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.breda.in/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=75&Itemid=28 |title=Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907164910/http://www.breda.in/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=75&Itemid=28 |archive-date=7 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]] || Chhattisgarh State Renewable Energy Development Agency (CREDA) || S. K. Shukla || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.creda.in/?q=head-office | title=Chhattisgarh State Renewable Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Goa]] || Goa Energy Development Agency || Michael M. D’souza || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://geda.goa.gov.in/p/organizational-structure | title=Goa Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Gujarat]] || Gujarat Energy Development Agency (GEDA) || V A Vaghela || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://geda.gujarat.gov.in/pdf/GEDA_TELEPHONE_DIRECTORY.pdf | title=Gujarat Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Haryana]] || Haryana Renewal Energy Development Agency (HAREDA) || Amneet P. Kumar || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hareda.gov.in/index.php?model=pages&nid=9 | title=Haryana Renewal Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]] || HIMURJA || Bhanu Pratap Singh || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://himurja.nic.in/contact.html | title=HIMURJA | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu & Kashmir]] || Jammu & Kashmir Energy Development Agency (JAKEDA) || Sh. Gulzar Hussain || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://jakeda.nic.in/Contact/contact.htm |title=Jammu & Kashmir Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907143434/http://jakeda.nic.in/Contact/contact.htm |archive-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Jharkhand]] || Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency || K. K. Verma || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jreda.com/current/contact.htm | title=Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Karnataka]] || Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd. || G.V. Balaram || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://kredlinfo.in/Aboutus.aspx | title=Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd. | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kerala]] || [[Agency for Non-conventional Energy and Rural Technology]] (ANERT) || M Jayaraju || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energynext.in/kerala-draft-solar-policy-awaits-cabinet-nod/ | title=EnergyNext - Kerala draft policy awaits cabinet nod | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] || MP Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd. || SR Mohanty || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mprenewable.nic.in/rti.html | title=MP Urja Vikas | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Maharashtra]] || Maharashtra Energy Development Agency (MEDA) || [[Pravin Darade]] || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahaurja.com/ContactUs.html |title=Maharashtra Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907143344/http://www.mahaurja.com/ContactUs.html |archive-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Manipur]] || Manipur Renewable Energy Development Agency (MANIREDA) || Birmani Singh Chingtham ||
|-
| [[Meghalaya]] || Meghalaya Non-conventional & Rural Energy Development Agency || Jopthiaw Lyngdoh || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://mnreda.gov.in/empdirectoryHQ.htm |title=Meghalaya Non-conventional & Rural Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530133812/http://mnreda.gov.in/empdirectoryHQ.htm |archive-date=30 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Mizoram]] || Zoram Energy Development Agency (ZEDA) || Arun Kumar Tripathi || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/aizawal_solar_city_master_plan.pdf | title=Aizawal Solar City Master Plan | access-date=7 September 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208170635/http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/aizawal_solar_city_master_plan.pdf | archive-date=8 February 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Nagaland]] || Nagaland Renewable Energy Development Agency || K.T. Wabang || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nsda.co.in/designated_agency/5.html | title=Nagaland Renewable Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha]] || Odisha Renewable Energy Development Agency (OREDA) || Roopa Mishra || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://oredaodisha.com/admin.htm | title=OREDA Orissa | access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || Punjab Energy Development Agency || Amarpal Singh || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peda.gov.in/images/PEDAStaffStructure.pdf | title=Punjab Energy Development Agency Staff Structure | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Rajasthan]] || Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Limited || B.K. Dosi || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rrecl.com/PDF/Board%20of%20Directors%20RRECL.pdf | title=Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Limited - Directors | access-date=7 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907143418/http://www.rrecl.com/PDF/Board%20of%20Directors%20RRECL.pdf | archive-date=7 September 2014 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Sikkim]] || Sikkim Renewable Energy Development Agency || T.T. Bhutia || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://sikkimnow.blogspot.in/2012/04/sreda-director-offers-solar-city-scheme.html | title=Sikkim Now - SREDA Director offers solar city scheme | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]] || [[Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency]](TEDA) || || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teda.in/site/index/id/1p2p4k9l6g |title=Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819043225/http://www.teda.in/site/index/id/1p2p4k9l6g |archive-date=19 August 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tripura]] || Tripura Renewable Energy Development Agency || K.K.Ghosh || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://treda.nic.in/files/aboutus.htm |title=Tripura Renewable Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907164920/http://treda.nic.in/files/aboutus.htm |archive-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] || Non-conventional Energy Development Agency (NEDA) || Kumar Ravikant Singh || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://neda.up.nic.in/HO/HO-ADD-LATEST.htm |title=Non-conventional Energy Development Agency |access-date=7 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907143426/http://neda.up.nic.in/HO/HO-ADD-LATEST.htm |archive-date=7 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]] || Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency (UREDA) || Ranjana Rajguru||<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ureda.uk.gov.in/ | title=Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency | publisher=UREDA | access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[Puducherry UT]]|| Renewable Energy Agency Puducherry (REAP) || ||
|-
| [[West Bengal]] || West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) || Narayan Swaroop Nigam || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbreda.org/governing-body-of-wbreda/ | title=West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency | access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>
|}

==Cabinet Ministers==
*'''Key''': I/C{{snd}}Independent Charge

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
! colspan="10"| Minister of Non-Conventional Energy Sources
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Kalpnath Rai]]''' {{small|(1941{{ndash}}1999) MP for [[Ghosi Lok Sabha constituency|Ghosi]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 21 June 1991
| 2 July 1992
| {{ayd|1991|6|21|1992|7|2}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2" style="width:7em"| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]''' {{small|(1921{{ndash}}2004) MP for [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 2 July 1992
| 16 May 1996
| {{ayd|1992|7|2|1996|5|16}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 16 May 1996
| 1 June 1996
| {{ayd|1996|5|16|1996|6|1}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[First Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| Self
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:H. D. Deve Gowda.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]''' {{small|(born 1933) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Karnataka]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 1 June 1996
| 21 February 1997
| {{ayd|1996|6|1|1997|2|21}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Janata Dal]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Cap (Retd.) Jai Narain Nishad with Dr Harikumar Pallathadka (cropped).JPG|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| {{small|Captain}} '''[[Jai Narain Prasad Nishad]]''' {{small|(1930{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 21 February 1997
| 21 April 1997
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|1997|2|21|1998|1|10}}
|-
| 21 April 1997
| 10 January 1998
| rowspan="2"| [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Inder Kumar Gujral]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]''' {{small|(1919{{ndash}}2012) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Bihar]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 10 January 1998
| 19 March 1998
| {{ayd|1998|1|10|1998|3|19}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 19 March 1998
| 3 February 1999
| {{ayd|1998|3|19|1999|2|3}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="5"| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:P. R. Kumaramangalam Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]]''' {{small|(1952{{ndash}}2000) MP for [[Tiruchirappalli Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchirappalli]]}}
| 3 February 1999
| 13 October 1999
| {{ayd|1999|2|3|1999|10|13}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
|
| '''[[M. Kannappan]]''' {{small|MP for [[Tiruchengode Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchengode]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 13 October 1999
| 30 December 2003
| {{ayd|1999|10|13|2003|12|30}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee tribute image (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 30 December 2003
| 9 January 2004
| {{ayd|2003|12|30|2004|1|9}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Kariya Munda.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Kariya Munda]]''' {{small|(born 1936) MP for [[Khunti Lok Sabha constituency|Khunti]]}}
| 9 January 2004
| 22 May 2004
| {{ayd|2004|1|9|2004|5|22}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vilas Muttemwar.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[Vilas Muttemwar]]''' {{small|(born 1949) MP for [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 23 May 2004
| 20 October 2006
| {{ayd|2004|5|23|2006|10|20}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
! colspan="10" |Minister of New and Renewable Energy
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vilas Muttemwar.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[Vilas Muttemwar]]''' {{small|(born 1949) MP for [[Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency|Nagpur]]}} (Minister of State, I/C)
| 20 October 2006
| 22 May 2009
| {{ayd|2006|10|20|2009|5|22}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}"|
| [[File:Farooq Abdullah with Greg Barker (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Farooq Abdullah]]''' {{small|(born 1937) MP for [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]]}}
| 29 May 2009
| 26 May 2014
| {{ayd|2009|5|29|2014|5|26}}
| [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]
| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Piyush Goyal crop.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Piyush Goyal]]''' {{small|(born 1964) Rajya Sabha MP for [[Maharashtra]]}}
| 27 May 2014
| 3 September 2017
| {{ayd|2014|5|27|2017|9|3}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2"| [[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="4"| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Raj Kumar Singh with PM Modi (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| rowspan="2"| '''[[R. K. Singh|Raj Kumar Singh]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MP for [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]}} (Minister of State, I/C until 7 Jul 2021)
| 3 September 2017
| 30 May 2017
| rowspan="2"| {{ayd|2017|9|3|2024|6|9}}
|-
| 31 May 2019
| 9 June 2024
| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Pralhad Joshi in 2024.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Pralhad Joshi]]''' {{small|(born 1962) MP for [[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad]]}}
| 10 June 2024
| Incumbent
| {{ayd|10 Jun 2024}}
| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

== Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
! colspan="10" |Minister of State for Non-Conventional Energy Sources
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Sukh Ram]]''' {{small|(1927{{ndash}}2022) MP for [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]}}
| 2 July 1992
| 18 January 1993
| {{ayd|1992|7|2|1993|1|18}}
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="3" style="width:7em"| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[S. Krishna Kumar]]''' {{small|(born 1939) MP for [[Kollam Lok Sabha constituency|Quilon]]}}
| 18 January 1993
| 13 September 1995
| {{ayd|1993|1|18|1995|9|13}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:P. J. Kurien portrait.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[P. J. Kurien]]''' {{small|(born 1941) MP for [[Mavelikara Lok Sabha constituency|Mavelikara]]}}
| 13 September 1995
| 16 May 1996
| {{ayd|1995|9|13|1996|5|16}}
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| [[File:Samudrala Venugopal Chary (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Samudrala Venugopal Chary]]''' {{small|(born 1959) MP for [[Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency|Adilabad]]}}
| 29 June 1996
| 21 February 1997
| {{ayd|1996|6|29|1997|2|21}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| [[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| [[File:T R Baalu in a Party Meeting Dias.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[T. R. Baalu]]''' {{small|(born 1941) MP for [[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Chennai South]]}}
| 10 January 1998
| 19 March 1998
| {{ayd|1998|1|10|1998|3|19}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
! colspan="10" |Minister of State for New and Renewable Energy
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}"|
| [[File:S. Jagathrakshakan (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[S. Jagathrakshakan]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MP for [[Arakkonam Lok Sabha constituency|Arakkonam]]}}
| 28 October 2012
| 2 November 2012
| {{ayd|2012|10|28|2012|11|2}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| [[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|INC}}"|
| [[Manmohan Singh]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Bhagwanth Khuba with Prime Minister Narendra Modi (cropped).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Bhagwanth Khuba]]''' {{small|(born 1967) MP for [[Bidar Lok Sabha constituency|Bidar]]}}
| 7 July 2021
| 9 June 2024
| {{ayd|2021|7|7|2024|6|9}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| [[Narendra Modi]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Shripad Yasso Naik - Kolkata 2014-10-12 7755.JPG|70px]]
| '''[[Shripad Naik]]''' {{small|(born 1952) MP for [[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency|North Goa]]}}
| 10 June 2024
| Incumbent
| {{ayd|10 Jun 2024}}
| [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Energy policy of India]]
* [[National hydrogen energy road map]]
* [[Renewable energy in India]]
* [[Wind power in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://mnre.gov.in/ Official website MNRE]
*[http://powermin.nic.in/ Official website Ministry of Power] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014124436/http://powermin.nic.in/ |date=14 October 2011 }}
*[http://www.seci.co.in/index.php Solar Energy Corporation of India]
*[http://nise.res.in/ National Institute of Solar Energy]
*[http://niwe.res.in/ National Institute of Wind Energy, India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925204813/http://www.ireda.gov.in/ Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency]
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}{{Union ministries of India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of New and Renewable Energy| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of India|New and Renewable Energy]]
[[Category:Government agencies for energy (India)]]
[[Category:Energy ministries|India]]

Electoral reform in India

2026-03-24T07:22:59Z

Palashkhanra73: rework section further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Multiple issues|
{{Original research|date=December 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=December 2018}}
}}
[[File:Ink Bottle used in Indian Elections.jpg|thumb|Pledge in the Indelible Ink Bottle Package - "To cast vote, I shall not be bribed or corrupted in any manner. They are dangerous to our nation."]]
A number of measures have been suggested to improvise and strengthen the existing electoral practices in India.

==Political parties in India==
Since 1952, when the first election ended, various reforms have addressed the issue of party funding. However, the current situation is as follows:
* According to a study by the Centre for Media Studies, {{INRConvert|30000|c|lk=on|year=2014}} was projected to be spent in the 2014 general election by government, political parties, and candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/rs-30-000-crore-to-be-spent-on-lok-sabha-polls-study-554110|title=Rs 30,000 crore to be spent Sanjana social class 10 on Lok Sabha polls: study|website=NDTV.com|accessdate=30 December 2018}}</ref> Official spending by the [[Election Commission of India]] and the [[Government of India]] was around Rs. 7,000-8,000 crores<ref>[http://adrindia.org/sites/default/files/] {{dead link|date=December 2018}}</ref>—i.e. elections have become very expensive for political parties.
* The [[Association for Democratic Reforms]] (ADR) in a report published on 25 January 2017 states that the total declared income of national and regional parties between 2004-2005 and 2014-2015 stood at Rs. 11,367 crores. Total income from known donors was 16% (Rs. 1,835 crore) and total income from other known sources including membership fees, bank interest, etc. was 15% (Rs. 1,698 crore) leaving 69% (Rs. 7,833 crore) of the total income from unknown sources (contributions below Rs. 20,000 each), and thus untraceable. Comparing audited income with projected spending seems to indicate that political parties earned an additional large amount of black money.
* In a 9 May 2014 on the [[2014 Indian general election|Lok Sabha Elections of 2014]], ADR shows that out of the total 8,163 contesting candidates, 1,398 (17%) had criminal cases pending against them; 889 (11%) with serious criminal cases and 2,208 (27%) were [[Wealthy|crorepatis]], i.e. capable of funding their own election campaigns. Thus, one could conclude that the reforms instituted till date have largely failed and could even be considered responsible for driving parties into a greater dependency on black money, and rich criminal elements to contest elections.

== Committees that covered political funding reform ==
The problem with political party funding reform is that the reformer and the reformee are one and the same. In other words, a conflict of interest is built into the system. When pressed to do something by public outrage due to a breaking scandal, a committee will be constituted to study the matter and make suggestions. If public pressure is not maintained, the committee's suggestions will either be implemented in a diluted form, or sometimes, ignored altogether. From the 1960s onwards, the committees that have been constituted have used key terms that indicate the different facets to the problem of political funding reform, which are still relevant today.

'''Speed money''': Gets things done quickly and creates a “tendency to subvert integrity in the public services instead of being isolated and aberrative is growing into an organised, well-planned racket.”<ref>Santhanam Committee Report 1964 - Report of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, pp. 5, 11</ref>

'''Parallel economy''': Has been referred to be operating simultaneously and competing with the 'official' economy. Property dealings have been “a significant avenue of illegal deals, with ratios of 'white' and 'black' payments being freely mentioned”.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/41396|title=Direct Taxes Enquiry Committee: Final Report, December 1971|date=30 December 1971|publisher=Manager of Publications, Delhi|accessdate=30 December 2018|website=Dspace.gipe.ac.in}}</ref>

'''Delayed action''': There has been a great lag in the implementation of committee recommendations. For example, in 1964, the Santhanam Committee recommended the setting up of a Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) as the apex probity watchdog to address governmental corruption. However it achieved the status of statutory autonomous body free from any executive authority only 39 years later, when the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) Act of 2003 was legislated.

Some of the reforms undertaken are listed below and are the responses of the government of the day to both external and internal pressures to do something. They are broken up by source (who pushed for and/or made it happen) and listed chronologically within each heading to underscore the fact that different times needed different solutions. The Finance Bill 2017, largely considered a regressive bill as concerns political party funding, appears to indicate what can happen when a party comes under intense pressure to generate funds to contest an upcoming election.

'''Lack of transparency (and coordination)''': The government established the Vohra committee in 1993—it unequivocally confirmed linkages between crime and politicians. The mandate of the committee was to take stock of all available information about the activities of crime syndicates or mafia which had developed links with and were being protected by government functionaries and political personalities. The report recommended the setting up of a Nodal Cell that would serve as a collection point for relevant information collected by various government agencies such as the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI), [[Research and Analysis Wing|Research And Analysis Wing]] (R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC), Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB), [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED) and Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB).

Section 11.1 of the Vohra committee report: "In sum, the various agencies presently in the field take care to essentially focus on their respective charter of duties, dealing with the infringement of laws relating to their organisations and consciously putting aside any information on linkages which they may come across."

The final Vohra report did not reveal any specific names of individual politicians or bureaucrats but only stated in a general manner that what was already widely known and talked about for years. All attempts via RTI to get at the minutes and file notings of the meetings that were held by the committee and would have provided real information have failed. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) declined to share the file notings of the committee meetings, terming them as “secret”.

=== Committee Quotes About Political Funding ===

* '''Wanchoo committee report, 1970''' (Section 2.20): "In this connection, it has been pointed out that large funds are required to meet election expenses and it is common knowledge that these are financed to a great extent by wealthy persons with lots of black money. According to some, this is not the cause but an outlet for black money. The situation is stated to have been further aggravated by the ban imposed recently on donations by companies to political parties."
* '''Dinesh Goswami committee report, 1990''' (Section 1.6): "The role of money and muscle power at elections ... rapid criminalisation of politics .... increasing menace of participation of non- serious candidates; form the core of our electoral problems."
* '''Vohra committee report, 1993''' (Section 10.1): "The various crime Syndicates/Mafia organisations have developed significant muscle and money power and established linkages with government functionaries, political leaders and others to be able to operate with impunity".
* The Supreme Court in its judgement (20/3/1997) in connection with the [[Murder of Naina Sahni|murder of political activist Naina Sahni]]: “..have developed an extensive network of contacts with bureaucrats, government functionaries at lower levels, politicians, media personalities, strategically located persons in the non-Governmental sector and members of the judiciary”

== Reforms ==
The Representation of the People Act (RPA) of 1951 provided the first set of rules for the conduct of elections to the Houses of Parliament and State Legislatures. Over the years the RPA has been amended to reflect changing circumstances. Political party funding reform has been enacted via changes to the Company Law, via Money Bills, the Income Tax Law, through Supreme Court orders, etc.

=== Anti Defection Law ===
The Anti-Defection Law was passed in 1985 through the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution. The main intent of the law was to combat “the evil of political defections” by elected politicians for the lure of office.It mainly focus on crime background of any political leader before registering his/her name for election.

=== Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) ===

'''[1994]''' A writ petition was filed by ADR in the Supreme Court for direction to implement the recommendations made by the Law Commission in its 170th report regarding:
* Debarring a candidate from contesting elections if charges have been framed against him/her by a Court in respect of certain offences.
* Candidates be required to furnish details of criminal cases pending against them.
* Candidates be required to provide true and correct statement of assets owned by them.

'''[2015]''' A PIL was filed by ADR to bring political parties under the Right to Information Act 2015, on the basis of the ruling by the CIC of 03/06/2013 (see below)

'''[2015]''' A PIL was filed by ADR requesting the constitution of an independent body to administer enforcement of Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010 (FCRA)

=== Central Information Commission (CIC) ===

'''[1969]''' Under Section 293a of the Companies Act, 1956, companies were prohibited from making contributions to a political party or for any political purpose. The ban on company donations was not accompanied by an alternate source of funding as a substitute, e.g. state funding. This greatly increased politicians' reliance on black money to fund elections.

'''[1985]''' The Companies (Amendment) Act, 1985 permitted companies to make political contributions up to 5% of the average net profit of the last three years provided a resolution authorising such contributions is passed by the Board of Directors and the company discloses the contribution details in its Profit & Loss Account. It has been noted by some observers that companies continued to make donations to political parties in black money preferring the anonymity of this route. The cap was increased to 7.5% in 2013.

'''[2008]''' Tax filings of political parties remained confidential and were not disclosed to the public until 2008. Using the provisions of the Right to Information Act 2005, the CIC allowed disclosure of parties' income tax returns

'''[2013]''' The CIC ruled that political parties can be held to be public authorities and come within the ambit of the Right to Information Act Companies Act.

'''[2013]''' After the CIC ruling, all the political parties banded together and backed "The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2013" which was introduced in the Lok Sabha on August 12, 2013, amending the original act (RTI 2005). The Amendment removes political parties from the scope of the definition of "public authorities". Thus political parties in India no longer fall under the dimensions of RTI.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2013 |url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-right-to-information-amendment-bill-2013-2854 |website=PRS India |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref> This amendment was met by huge protests from the civil rights societies and the general public.<ref>{{cite news |title=NGOs to continue protests against RTI amendment. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/NGOs-to-continue-protests-against-RTI-amendment/articleshow/21790666.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=13 August 2013 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>

=== Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)===
'''[1993]''' A task force set up by the CII recommended that corporate contribution by companies be made tax-deductible and that shareholder confirmation of board decisions about political contribution be required. It also recommended state funding of elections with the funds to be raised either by a cess on excise duty or through contributions by industry to an elections fund pool., i.e. a tax on industry to finance campaigns. Money would be distributed according to a formula. Nothing came of this.

=== Election Commission of India (ECI) ===

'''[1998]''' ECI Press Note, 15 January 1998: Partial state subsidy in the form of free time for seven national and 34 state parties on the state-owned television and radio networks totalling 61 hours of each of the two media. The limit of election expenditure imposed on contesting candidates is revised from time to time by the Union of India through the ECI.

'''[2011]''' Big states: Rs. 40,00,000 for Lok Sabha elections and Rs. 16,00,000 for State Assembly elections.

'''[2014]''' Big states: Rs. 70,00,000 for Lok Sabha elections and Rs. 28,00,000 for State Assembly elections. According to a study by ADR, analysis of the expenditure statements of candidates to the ECI after the poll results were announced, indicated that the average election expenditure was 49% of the limit imposed. This seems to indicate that these limits have no practical value. There is no limit on the expenditure a party can incur during its election campaigns.

=== Supreme Court judgement on RPA overturned ===

'''[1975]''' Parliament amended the Representation of Peoples Act to nullify a Supreme Court judgement of 1974 (see Supreme Court Rulings below). Specifically, Parliament amended Explanation 1 to Section 77(1) of the RPA so that party and supporters’ expenditures not authorised by a candidate did not count while calculating their election expenses. This effectively opened a back door to unlimited spending and is a typical example of the conflict of interest inherent in parliamentary legislation in areas of self-interest.

=== Income Tax Law ===
'''[1979]''' Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act 1978 exempted income received by a political party by voluntary contributions from any person from inclusion in the total party income. Income Tax exemption was allowed only if (a) audited accounts were maintained and (b) the party maintains a record of the names and addresses of all contributors donating Rs. 20,000 or above. This is generally considered a loophole to allow unlimited donations by simply breaking up larger donations into smaller ones....

=== Supreme Court Rulings ===
'''[1974]''' The Supreme Court ruled in “Kanwar Lala Gupta vs Amar Nath Chawla & Ors” that party spending on behalf of a candidate should be included in calculating that candidate's election expenses in order to determine whether the election expenditure limit had been violated. This was nullified by amending the RPA in 1975.

'''[1997]''' On December 18, 1997 in Writ Petitions Nos. 340-343/93 Vineet Narain and other versus Union of India and others (aka Jain Havala Case), the Supreme Court issued directions to establish institutional and other arrangements aimed at insulating the CBI from outside influences. The judgment also declared the Single Directive null and void. The Single Directive was a set of executive instructions issued to the CBI by the Central Government prohibiting it from initiating inquiry/investigation against officers of the rank of joint secretary and above without obtaining prior permission of the government.

'''[2013]''' NOTA was introduced in India following the 2013 Supreme Court directive in the People's Union for Civil Liberties vs. Union of India judgment. The Court directed the Election Commission to introduce a “ None of the Above [NOTA] ” option into the Electronic Voting Machines. This allows voters the option of expressing their dissent against all the contestants.
For instance, In Kerala, a group of women activists urged people not to elect a candidate if no woman was present in the fray. In Tamil Nadu, a youth group campaigned for NOTA as a protest vote against corruption.

=== Finance Bills [2017] ===

On February 1, 2017, The Finance Bill (2017) was introduced in Lok Sabha.

====Background====
Before the bill came into effect,

(i) - a company donating to a political party could contribute up to 7.5% of the average of its net profits in the last three financial years.

(ii) - And it was required to disclose the amount of contributions made to any political parties along with the name of the political parties to which such contribution was made.

====Amendments in the Finance Bills [2017]====

The Finance Bill [2017] amends to

(i) Remove the cap limit on the companies for contributions that they could make to any political parties.

(ii) And also removing the requirement of a company to disclose the name of the political parties to which it was contributing.

The bill further adds that "contributions will have to be made only through a cheque, bank
draft, electronic means, or any other scheme notified by the government to make contributions to
political parties."

(iii) It introduces "Electoral Bonds" as a means to make anonymous contributions to political parties. These bonds will be issued by the State Bank of India.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRS analysis of Finance Bill 2017 |url=https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Analysis%20Proposed%20amendments%20to%20the%20Finance%20Bill.pdf |website=PRS India |accessdate=16 November 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828161541/http://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Analysis%20Proposed%20amendments%20to%20the%20Finance%20Bill.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |title=Finance Bill 2017 passed in Lok Sabha. |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/finance-bill-2017-passed-in-lok-sabha/articleshow/57776960.cms |website=Economic Times |access-date=16 November 2019}}</ref>

=== Electoral Bonds ===
{{Main|Electoral Bond}}
Introduced with the Finance Bill (2017), Electoral Bonds allow donors to pay political parties with banks as an intermediary. These bonds can only be issued by the State Bank of India.

'''Range of a bond''' - Rs 1000 to Rs 1 crore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha elections 2019: All you need to know about electoral bonds |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-all-you-need-to-know-about-electoral-bonds/story-R0XyfNKYU0jAa8n38FSypO.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=20 March 2019 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>

'''Availability''' - 10 days each in the months of January, April, July, and October, with an additional period of 30 days specified by the central government in the year of general elections.

'''Validity''' - 15 days (from the date of issue)

Any person who is a citizen of India or entities incorporated or established in India can buy electoral bonds. And then donate it to the political party of choice "anonymously". To buy and transfer these bonds, the person or entity has to provide some authentication details to the bank but the names of donors are kept confidential, even from political parties. Anonymity is intended to prevent the political victimization of the donor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's why India's electoral bonds make political funding even more opaque |url=https://qz.com/india/1593577/modis-electoral-bonds-make-2019-indian-election-funding-opaque/ |website=Qz |date=15 April 2019 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>

There is no limit on the quantity of bonds that can be purchased by an individual or a company. The bonds donated to political party must be encased within 15 days through its verified account, failed to so, the issuer of these bonds ''i.e.''State Bank of India deposits these into Prime Minister's Relief Fund.[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/electoral-bond-scheme-transparency-elections-7243078/ Explained: Why is the electoral bond scheme being opposed by transparency activists?]

===Criticism of Electoral Bonds===
In a series of articles investigating the Electoral Bonds, Nitin Sethi with Huffpost India<ref>{{cite web |title=Huffpost Paisa Politics |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/news/paisapolitics/ |website=Huffpost India}}</ref> studied a compilation of documents collected through RTI queries by Commodore Lokesh Batra<ref>{{cite web |title=Commodore Papers |url=https://archive.org/details/commodorepapers |website=Internet Archive}}</ref> over a span of 2 years. The RTI documents went on to revel serious problems with the Electoral Bonds Scheme and its implementation. In July 2022, the amount of donations through electoral bonds crossed Rs 10,000-Crore mark as per government data.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatnagar |first1=Gaurav Vivek |title=Electoral Bonds: Amid Concerns on Opacity, Donations Cross Rs 10,000-Crore Mark |url=https://thewire.in/government/electoral-bonds-amid-concerns-on-opacity-donations-breach-rs-10000-crore-mark |access-date=2022-08-29 |work=The Wire |issue=2022–07–29}}</ref>

==== Election Commission ====
The Election Commission expressed its opposition to [[Electoral Bonds]] during a hearing on the electoral bonds issue in the Supreme Court, citing its affidavit filled with the Law Ministry in 2017, terming it "a retrograde step". The poll panel led by senior advocate Rakesh Dwivedi during the course of the hearing expressed concern over the anonymity of donor identity and clauses that may allow for shell companies and foreign entities/companies to fund (with no cap limits) and influence Indian elections.
The Election Commission argued in court that "the scheme "legalizes anonymity" but the right to vote means making an informed choice - knowing the candidate was only "half of the exercise" and citizens must know the parties which are funding the candidates."<ref>{{cite web |title=EC opposes anonymity involved in electoral bonds |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/ec-opposes-anonymity-involved-in-electoral-bonds-1554901750489.html |website=Live Mint |date=10 April 2019 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>

In a letter to Law Ministry written in May 2017, Election Commission stated “In a situation where the contribution received through electoral bonds are not reported, on perusal of the contribution report of political parties, it cannot be ascertained whether the political party has taken any donation in violation of provision under Section 29(b) of the RP Act which prohibits the political parties from taking donations from government companies and foreign sources.”<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=What is the electoral bond scheme, and why is it being opposed by transparency activists|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/electoral-bond-scheme-transparency-elections-7243078/ |website=Indian Express |accessdate=29 March 2020}}</ref>
==== Civil Rights Societies ====
The introduction of Electoral Bonds received huge criticism from the civil rights societies and even the public in general. The concept of donor "anonymity" threatens the very spirit of democracy. The Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR), a non-governmental organisation (NGO) argues that the additional amendments done in different Acts to pave the way for electoral bonds have "opened the floodgates to unlimited corporate donations to political parties and anonymous financing by Indian as well as foreign companies, which can have serious repercussions on Indian democracy". Opposition parties argue that this move keeps the political parties and the voters in dark, and at the same time only the ruling party has all the access to contribution records through state mechanisms like SBI and Income Tax Department.<ref>{{cite web |title=Electoral bonds: What's the controversy? |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/electoral-bonds-what-the-controversy/story/336747.html |website=Business Today |date=12 April 2019 |accessdate=16 November 2019}}</ref>

In a statement Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)stated that "It may also be noted that the printing of these bonds & SBI commission for facilitating the sale and purchase of the bonds is paid from the taxpayers’ money by the central government.” ADR along with Common Cause another non-profit organization has moved to Supreme Court in 2017. Court had sought response from government and EC. However till March 2021 the case has not been heard in detail.<ref name="auto"/>

==== RBI ====
An investigative article published by HuffPost India on November 18, 2019,<ref>{{cite web |title=Electoral Bonds: Seeking Secretive Funds, Modi Govt Overruled RBI |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/rbi-warned-electoral-bonds-arun-jaitley-black-money-modi-government_in_5dcbde68e4b0d43931ccd200?guccounter=1 |website=HuffPost India |date = 18 November 2019|accessdate=19 November 2019}}</ref> examines a series of documents which show how the Reserve Bank of India was critical of the Electoral Bonds Schemes on multiple occasions, and how the Government of India ignored the concerns of the RBI time and time again and went ahead with its plans for the Electoral Bonds. The RBI said that the bonds would "undermine the faith in Indian banknotes and encourage money laundering."

=== Switch to a proportional system ===
Calls for a switch from First past the post to a proportional system have been growing since 2017, in lights of several states elections whose results have shown large wins in seats by parties receiving far less than 50 % of the popular votes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-shift-to-proportional-representation-is-it-time-for-india/|title=The shift to proportional representation: Is it time for India? | ORF|accessdate=31 March 2023}}</ref>
==Important events in India's History of Electoral Reform==
These can be summed up in the table shown below:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table: Important Events in India's history of Electoral Reform
!Year
!Committee name/Organisation
!Mandate
!Key Recommendations
!Relevant Sections
|-
|1962
|Santhanam
|Problem of corruption and remedial action
 
|Recommended setting up of Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).

States that Article 311 of the Constitution makes it very difficult to deal effectively with corrupt public servants
 
|2.10, 2.12, 2.14
 
|-
|1964
|Central Vigilance Commission
 
|Santhanam committee recommended CVC should have the power to undertake inquiries where public servants are suspected to have acted in a corrupt manner.
 
|However CVC given certain power through legislation to enable undertaking enquiries unimplemented until 2003 when the CVC Act 2003 was legislated.
 
|
|-
|1970
|Wanchoo Direct Taxes Enquiry Committee
 
|Concrete and effective measures to unearth black money and prevent its proliferation, evasion and tax avoidance
 
|Recommended regulation of donations to political parties and financing of political parties by the Government according to some formula.
 
|2.4, 2.6, 2.20
|-
|1990
|Dinesh Goswami Committee
 
|On Electoral reforms
 
|Recommended that Election Commission should lay down ceiling on maximum election expenditure instead of Central Government.

Any unauthorised expenditure incurred by any person other than the candidate or his election agent should be prohibited and treated as an electoral offence (punishable with imprisonment for a period of not less than one year).

Recommended amendment to RPA to read as: “(1) All expenditure incurred or authorised either by the candidate or his election agent on account of or in respect of the conduct or management of the election shall be required to be included in the account of election expenditure of the candidate” (see RPA 1975 below)

There should be a complete ban on donations by companies.

Suggests that state assistance be in kind only and be extended by (1) prescribed quantity of fuel to vehicles (2) supply of additional copies of electoral rolls (3) payment of hire charges for prescribed number of microphones (4) distribution of voters' identity slips should be undertaken exclusively by electoral machinery
 
|Chapter 7 (1.2, 1.5, 2.8, 2.9, 3.2)
 
|-
|1993
|Vohra committee
|Activities of crime syndicates/mafia and links between government functionaries and political personalities
|Recommended creation of Nodal Cell that would serve as a collection point for relevant information collected by various government agencies like Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Research And Analysis Wing (R&AW), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Board of Excise & Customs (CBEC), Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB), Enforcement Directorate (ED) and Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB).
 
|11.1
 
|-
|1997
|Supreme Court judgement
 
|In connection of murder of political activist Naina Sahni
 
|After no action was taken, the Vohra report was tabled in parliament and a Nodal Cell duly constituted.
|
|}

==Challenges to electoral reform==
Improving the electoral process has manifold challenges:

* '''Transparency and Honesty''': Provide political parties with legal ways of sourcing funds in adequate quantities. Voters should ideally have all information on political activities, including political finance, before casting their votes. In addition, parties and elected officials have a duty to serve the public interest; therefore, their “business” cannot be shrouded in secrecy 13 . Parties must also be weaned away from accepting funding from illegal sources.
* '''Accountability''': This is required to mitigate the risks of conflict of interest and corruption in the political process.
* '''Responsiveness to change''': Election funding reform must be constantly monitored for adverse side-effects and these must be corrected in a timely fashion. A method needs to be devised to be able to implement required re- form which is often diluted or even blocked by the political parties if it does not suit them.
* '''The "arms-race" effect''': Find ways to reduce the overall cost of contesting elections for all parties and candidates while maintaining a level playing field for all.
* Criminals: Blocking the entry of criminal elements into the election process is a must. “Winnability” as the main criterion for choosing candidates must be strongly discouraged by the voters.
* '''Conceptualising corruption''': Corruption needs to be conceptualised soundly else prescriptions will be flawed.
* '''Rigorous implementation of the law''': Finally and most importantly, should ensure the rigorous implementation of existing laws to prosecute and disqualify politicians breaking the law, in a timely fashion. For instance, the ECI re- ported that during the Lok Sabha 2014 elections, around Rs. 300 crores of unaccounted cash, more than 17,000 kg of drugs and huge amount of liquor, arms, and other materials were seized.<ref>Samddar S, Sriram LB, Ekka N, Chhokar JS. Undated. Impact of black money in elections and political activities. Association for Democratic reform.</ref> One does not hear of a correspondingly large number of candidates being disqualified.

==Moving forward==
It is expected that electoral reforms will contribute to better participation of the citizens in electoral practices, reduce corruption and strengthen democracy in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/electoral-reforms-in-india-1437134200-1|title=Electoral Reforms in India|date=17 July 2015|website=Jagranjosh.com|accessdate=30 December 2018}}</ref> More than 3000 crores were spent by the government for conducting the 2014 Loksabha elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eci.gov.in/|title=Election Commission of India|website=Election Commission of India|accessdate=30 December 2018}}</ref>

The article been political party funding, the challenges it faces and the reform initiatives that have been undertaken over the years to contain the political corruption that has invaded Indian democracy. N. Ram concludes succinctly in his book:<ref>Ram N. 2017. Why Scams Are Here To Stay . Aleph Book Company.</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=There is no such thing as political corruption as a self-contained category. If the objective is to understand corruption in India in its pervasiveness, its omnipresence, and its multifariousness, so that something meaningful and effective can be done about it, it needs to be approached as a problem not just of politics, or the economy or society, not to mention the moral sphere- but of political economy in its profound sense.

This is a long term undertaking, though necessary, if India is ever to move away from its thoroughly corrupt situation. Not all corruption is the same. Some forms of corruption are worse than others. e.g. the handover of land to mining companies disregarding the environmental consequences is different from giving money for votes. One needs to distinguish corruption that is grossly damaging from that which is less so.

Since the challenge is on many fronts, it must be responded to strategically, in stages, and with an eye to weakening and undermining corruption's base rather than concentrating on its symptoms.

In the short term: (a) strict implementation of existing laws to fight corruption rather than constantly creating new ones when a problem arises, and then not implementing it forcefully, (b) appeals to the judiciary to strike down regressive political finance legislation, (c) popular protests against harmful decisions taken by the government e.g. redefining coconut trees as grass to allow rampant tree felling to benefit some company, would help.}}

== See also ==
* [[Combined approval voting|Combined Approval Voting]]
* [[None of the above (India)]]
* [[Political funding in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Electoral reform in India| ]]

S.R. Fatepuria College

2026-03-22T13:27:41Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Short description|College in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2012}}

{{Infobox university
| name = SRF College
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| other_name = 
| former_name =
| motto =
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| top_free_label =
| top_free =
| type = Undergraduate college [[Public college]]
| established = {{start date and age|1965}}
| closed = 
| founder =
| parent =
| affiliation = [[University of Kalyani]]
| religious_affiliation =
| academic_affiliation =
| endowment =
| budget =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chairperson =
| chancellor =
| president =
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| vice_chancellor =
| provost =
| rector =
| principal = Dr. Suhas Roy
| director =
| dean =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| address = Beldanga SRF College Rd
| city = [[Beldanga]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| postcode = 742133
| coordinates = {{coord|23.9385914|N|88.2461357|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| campus = Urban
| language =
| free_label =
| free =
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| sports_free =
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| website = [http://www.srfatepuriacollege.in/ S.R. Fatepuria College]
| logo =
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sewnarayan Rameswar Fatepuria College''', '''S.R. Fatepuria College''' or '''SRF College''' established in 1965, is a general degree college situated at [[Beldanga]] in [[Murshidabad district]]. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce and sciences. It is affiliated with the [[University of Kalyani]]. It also offers post graduate degrees in distance mode under Kalyani University.<ref>{{cite web |title=Affiliated College of University of Kalyani |url=http://www.klyuniv.ac.in/list_colleges.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301165259/http://www.klyuniv.ac.in/list_colleges.html |archivedate=2012-03-01 }}</ref>

[[File:Srfcollagebeldanga.jpg|thumb|]]

==Departments==

===Science===

*Chemistry
*Physics
*Mathematics
*Environmental Science

===Arts and Commerce===

*Bengali
*English
*Education
*History
*Geography
*Political Science
*Philosophy
*Physical Education
*Economics
*Commerce
*Sanskrit
*Arabic

==Accreditation==
The college is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).<ref>[http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?st=West%20Bengal Colleges in WestBengal, University Grants Commission]</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.srfatepuriacollege.in/ S.R. Fatepuria College]
*[http://www.klyuniv.ac.in/ University of Kalyani]
*[http://www.ugc.ac.in/ University Grants Commission]
*[http://www.naac.gov.in/ National Assessment and Accreditation Council]

{{University of Kalyani}}

[[Category:Colleges affiliated to University of Kalyani]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1965]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-university-stub}}

Tere Naam

2026-03-17T04:16:30Z

Palashkhanra73: cleanup

{{short description|2003 Indian film directed by Satish Kaushik}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = {{lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam}}
| image = Tere Naam poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Satish Kaushik]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]''|Bala}}
| producer = [[Sunil Manchanda]] Mukesh Talreja
| story = [[Bala (director)|Bala]]
| screenplay = [[Jainendra Jain (screenwriter)|Jainendra Jain]]
| starring = [[Salman Khan]] [[Bhumika Chawla]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Himesh Reshammiya]] '''Guest Composition:''' [[Sajid–Wajid]] '''Background Score:''' [[Bikram Vicckey Goswami]]
| cinematography = [[Sethu Sriram]]
| editing = [[Sanjay Verma]]
| studio = Orion Pictures
| distributor = MAD Entertainment
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2003|8|15}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}10 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=517|title=Tere Naam – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172745/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=517|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}24.54 crore<ref name="auto" />
}}

'''''Tere Naam''''' ({{IPAc-en|θ|eɪ|r|eɪ|_|n|ɑː|m|}} {{translation|to your name}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[tragedy]] [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Satish Kaushik]] and written by [[Jainendra Jain (screenwriter)|Jainendra Jain]]. The film stars [[Salman Khan]] and [[Bhumika Chawla]] in her [[Hindi cinema]] debut.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tere Naam Cast & Crew|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533202|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129073256/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/533202|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2012|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref> It is a remake of the Tamil film ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bollywood remakes of South Indian films|url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/entertainment/bollywood-remakes-of-south-indian-films-8551/slide/4|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=17 August 2012|archive-date=6 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906074529/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/entertainment/bollywood-remakes-of-south-indian-films-8551/slide/4|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was based on a real-life incident of a friend of [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s, who had fallen in love, lost his mind, and ended up at a mental asylum.<ref name=tn1>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20030714-satish-kaushik-tere-naam-starring-salman-khan-newcomer-bhumika-chawla-792298-2003-07-13|work=[[India Today]]|author=Kanika Gahlaut|access-date=17 August 2012|date=14 July 2003|title=Salman's Ash-tonishing act|archive-date=15 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815070951/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20030714-satish-kaushik-tere-naam-starring-salman-khan-newcomer-bhumika-chawla-792298-2003-07-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tere Naam: The Salman-Ash story?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi-times/Tere-Naam-The-Salman-Ash-story/articleshow/65083.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 July 2003|access-date=17 August 2012|archive-date=31 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131033909/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi-times/Tere-Naam-The-Salman-Ash-story/articleshow/65083.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Considered as a [[Cult film|cult classic]], {{lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam}} was released on 15 August 2003 and became a moderate box-office success, although its soundtrack album was a major success.<ref>{{Cite news |title="Mujhe itna dar laga…": When Salman Khan warned fans not to follow his 'Tere Naam' character |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mujhe-itna-dar-laga-when-salman-khan-warned-fans-not-to-follow-his-tere-naam-character/articleshow/122000709.cms |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Salman Khan was praised for his portrayal of Radhe Mohan and the role is widely considered to be his best performance till date.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tere Naam is Salman's best act|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tere-Naam-is-Salmans-best-act/articleshow/130817.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504131328/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-08-14/news-interviews/27174250_1_love-story-tere-naam-tamil-film|url-status=live|archive-date=4 May 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Madhureeta Mukherjee|access-date=17 August 2012|date=14 August 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=TOP 10: Salman Khan's biggest hits|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TOP-10-Salman-Khan-s-biggest-hits/Article1-915162.aspx|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=17 August 2012|date=17 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818001343/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/TOP-10-Salman-Khan-s-biggest-hits/Article1-915162.aspx|archive-date=18 August 2012}}</ref>

''Tere Naam'' received a total of 24 award nominations, including eight at the [[Filmfare Awards]], and won seven accolades.{{cn|date=March 2026}}

==Plot==
The film centres around a tough college student and graduate jobless rowdy Radhe Mohan, who leads the Student Union and has a violent temper. He lives with his elder brother Shiv, a court magistrate, and often clashes with him. Only his sister-in-law Gayatri seems to truly understand him.

Radhe wins the Student Union election and gets into a fight during the celebrations. Though aggressive, he begins to change after meeting Nirjara, a timid Brahmin girl. Radhe helps her some times, and she seems to like him a bit. One day, Radhe proposes to her and jokingly remarks that he will beat her father up if he doesn't agree to their marriage. Nirjara is too shocked to say much and utters "yes" when Radhe asks her if she was listening to him. Radhe interprets this as her acceptance of the proposal. Later he and his friends intimidate Nirjara fiancé, Rameshwar. The next day, Radhe brings her a gift, but she tells him that she does not love him and calls him a goon. A heartbroken Radhe subsequently tries to talk to her, but she refuses to engage in a conversation.

Radhe's friends suggest that he give up rowdyism and violence to impress Nirjara but one day, he roughs up a goon who had beaten up one of his friends. As Radhe is about to punch him. Nirjara arrives at the scene, and Radhe stops the violence and allowing the goon to escape. Subsequently, Nirjara’s elder sister Mamata, who is in need of money, is nearly tricked into prostitution when she unknowingly visits a brothel to meet a man who promises her a loan. Radhe, who does not know that she is Nirjara’s sister, visits the same brothel to find a man who had harassed a woman and had hit his friend for intervening. He saves Mamata from being arrested during a police raid. She tells him that her husband Aatmaram has kicked her out of their house and is demanding money to give her custody of their son. the next day, Radhe beats up Aatmaram, forcing him to take her back and to stop harassing her. Rameshwar sees this and tells Nirjara that Radhe is a good selfless man who truly loves her. unaware of this conversation, Radhe abducts Nirjara (which is the opposite of what Rameshwar was saying about him) so that she would listen to him to express his feelings for her. Nirjara initially feels intimidated but ultimately falls in love with him.

Subsequently, the brothel owner and his goons attack Radhe to take revenge on him for trying to shut down their business. In the midst of attack, they slam Radhe's head onto the buffer of a train. Radhe suffers brain damage in the attack and loses his mental balance.

His family admits him to a religious institution for mental patients, as Nirjara and his friends pray for him and his safety. However, the doctors deem it difficult to cure him, so he is sent to an ashram with even worse conditions. He becomes thin and now has a buzzcut. He wears torn clothes, and is chained to the walls along with other mentally ill patients. At some point Radhe's mental state returns to normal, but the wardens do not understand him. Radhe tries to escape, only to get hurt with more serious injuries in the process. Nirjara visits the institution and sees him in a pitiful condition while he is sleeping. When he wakes up, he realizes that Nirjara visited him and he tries to yell out her name, but she is unable to hear him and leaves Radhe in tears.

Convinced that Radhe is not going to recover, Radhe's brother asks her to forget him and marry Rameshwar. On the day of Nirjara’s wedding with Rameshwar, Radhe escapes from the institution and arrives at her home, only to find that she has committed suicide.

Devastated, Radhe limps away in silence. His friends and family run after him in tears, but he doesn’t respond. The ashram wardens arrive and take him back. The film ends with Radhe stepping into the van, broken and without reason to live after losing his true love.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Salman Khan]] as Radhe Mohan
* [[Bhumika Chawla]] as Nirjara Bharadwaj
* [[Sachin Khedekar]] as Shiv Mohan, Radhe's brother, Gayatri's husband
* [[Savita Prabhune]] as Gayatri Mohan, Shiv's wife, Radhe's sister-in-law
* [[Ravi Kishan]] as Rameshwar
* [[Sarfraz Khan (actor)|Sarfraz Khan]] as Aslam Sheikh, Radhe's best friend
* [[Darshan Kumar]] as Kanak Sharma, Radhe's friend
* [[Gopal Datt]] as Chander, Radhe's friend
* [[Anang Desai]] as Doctor Acharya
* [[Dinesh Kaushik]] as Aatmaram, Nirjara's brother-in-law
* [[Indira Krishnan]] as Mamta, Nirjara's elder sister
* [[Radhika Chaudhari]] as a mute beggar
* [[Mahima Chaudhry]] in a special appearance in "''O Jaana''" song
* [[Daisy Shah]] as background dancer in "''Lagan Lagi''"
* Saurabh Dubey as Pandit Bharadwaj, Nirjara's father
* Mahendra Verma as Brothel pimp
* [[Ghanashyam Nayak]] as Chandu Chaiwala

}}

==Production==
[[Anurag Kashyap]] was originally hired to direct the film but later removed from the film as he wanted [[Salman Khan]] to not shave his chest as the character of Radhe hailed from Uttar Pradesh where men are known to be very raw in terms of appearance. Satish Kaushik later took over.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=When Anurag Kashyap Was Ousted From Salman Khan's 'Tere Naam' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/when-anurag-kashyap-was-ousted-from-salman-khan-s-tere-naam--news-259962 |website=Outlook |agency=IANS |access-date=11 February 2023 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206174458/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/when-anurag-kashyap-was-ousted-from-salman-khan-s-tere-naam--news-259962 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=Anurag Kashyap claims that he was fired from Tere Naam as he did not want Salman Khan to shave his chest |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/anurag-kashyap-claims-fired-tere-naam-not-want-salman-khan-shave-chest/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531062121/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/anurag-kashyap-claims-fired-tere-naam-not-want-salman-khan-shave-chest/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Ameesha Patel]] was originally considered to play the role of Nirjara, but scheduling conflicts prevented her from accepting.<ref>{{cite web |title=I still feel 12 years old: Ameesha Patel |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-still-feel-12-years-old-ameesha-patel/story-6GCWedNrY60gehbTjtv7yJ.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=28 September 2007 |access-date=12 November 2018 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112103046/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-still-feel-12-years-old-ameesha-patel/story-6GCWedNrY60gehbTjtv7yJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The role went to [[Bhumika Chawla]], who made her [[Bollywood]] debut in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news234.html|title=Bhumika in Hindi films|date=25 March 2003|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=3 August 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531013352/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news234.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Tere Naam
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Himesh Reshammiya]] & [[Sajid - Wajid]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 28 June 2003
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 53:36
| language = Hindi
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| prev_title = [[Footpath (2003 film)|Footpath]]
| prev_year = 2003
| next_title = [[Zameen (2003 film)|Zameen]]
| next_year = 2003
| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Sajid - Wajid]]
| type = studio
| prev_title = [[Chori Chori (2003 film)|Chori Chori]]
| prev_year = 2003
| title = Tere Naam
| year = 2003
| next_title = [[Garv]]
| next_year = 2004
}}
}}
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = Planet Bollywood
| rev1Score = {{Rating|6|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Tere Naam Music Review|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/Music/TereNaam/|access-date=17 October 2011|archive-date=15 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915041626/http://www.planetbollywood.com/Music/TereNaam/|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

The soundtrack of the film consists of 12 songs. The music is composed by [[Himesh Reshammiya]] and [[Sajid - Wajid]] with lyrics by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] and [[Jalees Sherwani]].

Vocals for Salman Khan were supplied by Udit Narayan in all the songs except Lagan Lagi, which was sung by Sukhwinder Singh. Alka Yagnik provided vocals for Bhumika Chawla.

Upon its release, the soundtrack album became a massive hit with its songs gaining huge popularity and becoming chartbusters. The soundtrack sold around 3 million copies becoming the highest selling Indian music album of the year in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081557/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce|archive-date=15 February 2008|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

===Track list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!# !!Song!! Singer(s) !! Composer !! Length !! Lyrics
|-
| 1
| "Chand” (Not in the film) || [[Udit Narayan]] || Himesh Reshammiya || 05:35 || rowspan=11| [[Sameer Anjaan]]
|-
| 2 || "Kyun Kisi Ko" || Udit Narayan || Himesh Reshammiya || 05:37
|-
| 3 || "Lagan Lagi" || [[Sukhwinder Singh]] || Sajid-Wajid || 04:35
|-
| 4 || "Man Basia O Kanha " || [[Alka Yagnik]] || Himesh Reshammiya || 03:04
|-
| 5 || "O Jaana" || Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|K.K.]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], Kamaal Khan || Himesh Reshammiya || 05:28
|-
| 6 || "Odhni" || Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik || Himesh Reshammiya || 06:49
|-
| 7 || "{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam|italic=no}}" || Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik || Himesh Reshammiya || 06:49
|-
| 8 || "Tumse Milna" || Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik || Himesh Reshammiya || 04:41
|-
| 9 || "O Jaana" (remix) || Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|K.K.]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], Kamaal Khan || Himesh Reshammiya || 05:28
|-
| 10 || "{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam|italic=no}} (Sad)" || Udit Narayan || Himesh Reshammiya || 02:03
|-
| 11 || "{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam|italic=no}} (Female)" || Alka Yagnik || Himesh Reshammiya ||
|-
| 12 || "Tune Saath Jo Mera Chhoda" || Udit Narayan, [[Raghav]] || [[Sajid - Wajid]] || 05:33 || rowspan=2| Jalees Sherwani
|-
| 13 || "Tune Saath Jo Mera Chhoda (Sad)" || Udit Narayan || Sajid - Wajid || 01:22
|-06:31
|- bgcolor=silver
! colspan=6 align=right | Total Length : 53:36
|}

==Release==
The film was released on [[Blu-ray Disc]] on 13 December 2010 by [[Eros International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Tere-Naam-Blu-ray/18433/|title=Tere Naam Blu-ray|access-date=23 April 2017|archive-date=28 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028021829/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Tere-Naam-Blu-ray/18433/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early 2026, it was announced that the film would be re-released in theatres on 27 February 2026 to commemorate its 23rd anniversary.<ref>{{cite news |title='Tere Naam' re-release announcement |work=The Times of India |date=7 February 2026 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/tere-naam-re-release-salman-khans-tragic-love-story-returns-to-theatres/articleshow/127823641.cms |access-date=7 February 2026}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] awarded 3/5 stars and wrote, "Salman is exceptional in a role that fits him to the T. He breathes fire in sequences that demand uneasiness. But beneath the tough exterior lies a vulnerable person and this facet in particular comes to the fore in the latter reels. His emotional outbursts are splendid..., [[Bhumika Chawla|Bhoomika Chawla]] reminds you of [[Bhagyashree]]. Her simple, humble, traditionally indian character should go down very well with the viewers. Her performance is first-rate".<ref name="Adarsh, Taran">{{cite web|author=Adarsh, Taran|url=http://indiafm.com/movies/review/7078/index.html|title=Tere Naam|publisher=[[indiaFM]]|date=15 August 2003|access-date=21 February 2008|archive-date=10 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510075119/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/review/7078/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Madhureeta Mukherjee of [[The Times of India]] said, "Salman has given the great performance in the film. He's given an intense, unconventional performance. Believe this is the best performance of Salman's career so far".<ref>{{cite web|title='Tere Naam is Salman's best act'|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tere-Naam-is-Salmans-best-act/articleshow/130817.cms|publisher=Madhureeta Mukherjee|date=14 August 2003|access-date=26 October 2016|archive-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226050839/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Tere-Naam-is-Salmans-best-act/articleshow/130817.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Box office==
The film's total gross was {{INR}}24.54 crore worldwide and was a moderate commercial success.<ref name="BOI financials – Tere Naam">{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=517/|title=Tere Naam – Movie – Box Office India|access-date=23 April 2017|archive-date=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170423151728/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=517/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
===Winner===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Recipient !! Award(s) !! Result
|-
|rowspan= 7| 2003
| rowspan="3" |[[Himesh Reshammiya]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Jem |date=2014-08-15 |title=Celebrating 11 Years of Tere Naam |url=https://bollyspice.com/celebrating-11-years-tere-naam/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=BollySpice.com - The latest movies, interviews in Bollywood |language=en-US |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022065021/https://bollyspice.com/celebrating-11-years-tere-naam/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Star Screen Award Best Music Director]]
|rowspan="7"{{won}}
|-
|Screen Weekly Award for Best Music Director
|-
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director]]
|-
|[[Bhumika Chawla]]
|[[Zee Cine Award Best Female Debut]]
|-
|[[Bikram Vicckey Goswami]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Musician Bikram dies in Mumbai |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/musician-bikram-dies-in-mumbai/cid/1692370 |access-date=2020-07-30 |work=The Telegraph |location=Kolkata |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111105640/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/musician-bikram-dies-in-mumbai/cid/1692370 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Background Score]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Alka Yagnik]]
|Apsara Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer
|-
|Sansui Award for Best Playback Female Singer
|}

===Nominated===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award(s)
!Recipient
!Result
|-
|rowspan=19| 2003
|[[Filmfare Best Film Award]]
|{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam}}
| rowspan="19"{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Director Award]]
|[[Satish Kaushik]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Actor Award]]
|[[Salman Khan]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Actress Award]]
|[[Bhumika Chawla]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award]]
|[[Udit Narayan]] for "{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam|italic=no}}"
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Female Playback Award]]
|[[Alka Yagnik]] for "Oodhni"
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Music Director Award]]
|Himesh Reshammiya
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award]]
|[[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] for "{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam|italic=no}}"
|-
|[[Star Screen Award Best Actor]]
|Salman Khan
|-
|[[Star Screen Award Best Actress]]
|Bhumika Chawla
|-
|[[Star Screen Award Best Male Playback]]
|Udit Narayan
|-
|[[Star Screen Award Best Female Playback]]
|Alka Yagnik
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Film]]
|{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Director]]
|[[Satish Kaushik]]
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Actor]]
|[[Salman Khan]]
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Music Director]]
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist]]
|[[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] for "Kyun Kisi Ko"
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[Udit Narayan]] for "{{Lang|hi-latn|Tere Naam|italic=no}}"
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer]]
|[[Alka Yagnik]] for "Oodhni"
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0374271}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|tere_naam}}
* {{Mojo title|terenaam}}

{{Satish Kaushik}}
[[Category:2003 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sajid–Wajid]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about amnesia]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Films about depression]]
[[Category:Films about domestic violence]]
[[Category:Films about mental health]]
[[Category:Films directed by Satish Kaushik]]
[[Category:2003 romantic drama films]]

Magale En Marumagale

2026-03-14T21:01:41Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| based_on = ''Maguva O Maguva''
| executive_producer = Gautham Balasubramanian Vijay Chandran
| writer = Vaspuli Sargunam Pungaraj
| screenplay = Sargunam Pungaraj
| director = R. D. Narayanamoorthy Haris Athitya
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Varshini Suresh
* [[Reshma Pasupuleti]]
* Avinash Ashok
}}
| theme_music_composer = Kaleeswaran
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 162
| producer = K. Thirugnanam
| company = Kala Communications
| opentheme =
| cinematography = C. Sivan Ilaiyaraja
| editor = Venkatesh
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]]
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| runtime = approx. 22–24 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|8|11|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2026|3|13|df=yes}}
}}

'''''Magale En Marumagale''''' ({{translation| Daughter My daughter-in-law}}) is an Indian [[Tamil-language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series starring Varshini Suresh with [[Reshma Pasupuleti]] and Avinash Ashok.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2025|title=Avinash Ashok and Varshini Suresh set to play the titular role in upcoming show ‘Magale En Marumagale'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avinash-ashok-and-varshini-suresh-set-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-magale-en-marumagale/articleshow/122313995.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The show is an official remake of [[Star Maa]]'s [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language series ''Maguva O Maguva''.

The series explores the complex relationship between a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, set against the backdrop of family dynamics and traditions. It is produced by K. Thirugnanam under the banner of Kala Communications and directed by R. D. Narayanamoorthy (in his last series before his death)<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 September 2025|title=பிரபல சின்ன திரை இயக்குநர் காலமானார்!|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Sep/24/famous-small-screen-director-passes-away|website=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref> and Haris Athitya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 October 2025|title=மகளே என் மருமகளே தொடரை இயக்கும் தங்கமகள் இயக்குநர்!|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Oct/06/thangamagal-director-who-directs-the-series-makale-en-marumagale|website=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/magale-en-marumagale-serial-launch-date-time-1754737728|title=விஜய் டிவியின் புதிய சீரியல் மகளே என் மருமகளே தொடர் ஒளிபரப்பாகும் தேதி மற்றும் நேரம்.. முழு விவரம் |website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref> It premiered on [[Star Vijay]] on 11 August 2025 and ended on 13 March 2026<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2026|title=Avinash Ashok and Varshini Suresh starrer 'Magale En Marumagale' to go off-air soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avinash-ashok-and-varshini-suresh-starrer-magale-en-marumagale-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/129019927.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2026|title=Avinash Ashok and Varshini Suresh starrer Magale En Marumagale to bid farewell today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/avinash-ashok-and-varshini-suresh-starrer-magale-en-marumagale-to-bid-farewell-today/articleshow/129545879.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and is also available on the digital platform [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/magale-en-marumagale-serial-launch-date-1752241089|title=விஜய் டிவியின் புதிய சீரியல் மகளே என் மருமகளே சீரியலின் Launch Date |website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Varshini Suresh as Thulasi (Ammu)
* [[Reshma Pasupuleti]] as Abirami Naachiyaar
* Avinash Ashok as Chinnathambi

=== Recurring ===
* [[Pondy Ravi]] as Paranjothi
* Harsha Nair as Sivagami (Main Antagonist)
* Surjith Ansary as Pandi Durai
* VJ Sriya Surendran as Soodamani
* Sachin Murugesan as Karthick
* Archana Mariyappan as Shenbagam
* Geetha Narayanan as Gomathi
* David Solomon Raja as Gunasekaran
* CN Ravishankar as Bhoopathi
* VJ Nisha as Sathya
* Kiruba as Thayamma
* Gayathri Sri as Divya (fake Ammu)
* Pranav Mohanan as Naveen
* Divyadarshani

=== Special appearance ===
* Navin Kumar as Muthuvel (Dead)

== Production ==
=== Development ===
It is an adaptation of [[Star Maa]]'s [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language series ''Maguva O Maguva''. The series is directed by R. D. Narayanamoorthy, known for his films like ''[[Manadhai Thirudivittai]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 September 2025|title=Manadhai Thirudivittai director RD Narayanamurthy passes away|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/24/manadhai-thirudivittai-director-rd-narayanamurthy-passes-away|website=www.cinemaexpress.com}}</ref> (2001) and he helmed Tamil television soap operas such as ''[[Anbe Vaa (2020 TV series)|Anbe Vaa]]''. This is his last series before his death. From October, he was replaced by actor and director Haris Athitya.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2025|title=ஆரம்பித்த ஒரே மாதத்தில் விஜய் டிவி சீரியலுக்கு விழுந்த அடி! ஹிட் சீரியல் நிறுத்தப்படுமா?|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/vijay-tv-magale-en-marumagale-serial-suddenly-stopped-for-director-death-d9l1207|website=tamil.asianetnews.com|language=ta}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
''[[Nee Naan Kaadhal]]'' fame Varshini Suresh was cast in the female lead role as Thulasi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/magale-en-marumagale-serial-launch-date-time-1754737728|title=விஜய் டிவியின் புதிய சீரியல் மகளே என் மருமகளே தொடர் ஒளிபரப்பாகும் தேதி மற்றும் நேரம்.. முழு விவரம் |website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref> Actor Navin Kumar plays an extended special appearance as Muthuvel. Actor Avinash Ashok was cast in the male lead role as Chinnathambi. ''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]'' fame [[Reshma Pasupuleti]] was cast as Muthuvel's mother Naachiyaar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 October 2025|title=சின்ன திரையில் மீண்டும் மாமியார் - மருமகள் கதை! மகளே என் மருமகளே!|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Jul/08/reshma-pasupuleti-varshini-in-new-serial|website=[[Dinamani]]}}</ref>

=== Release ===
On 7 July 2025, the first Launch promo was released, giving a brief insight into Naachiyaar and Thulasi's life as well as the first interaction and revealing the plot through a minute song.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/magale-en-marumagale-serial-coming-soon-promo-2-1753411769|title=விஜய் தொலைக்காட்சியில் விரைவில் ஒளிபரப்பாக போகும் புதிய சீரியல்.. புரொமோ இதோ |website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref> The second promo was released on 24 July 2025, featuring Chinnathambi interaction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cineulagam.com/article/magale-en-marumagale-vijay-tv-new-serial-promo-1754237918|title=பாக்கியலட்சுமிக்கு பதில் வரும் புது சீரியல்.. புது ப்ரோமோ வெளியானது இதோ |website=cineulagam.com|language=ta}}</ref>

The show started airing on [[Star Vijay]] on 11 August 2025 on Monday to Saturday at 15:00, replacing ''[[Dhanam (TV series)|Dhanam]]''’s time slot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kalkionline.com/entertainment/chinnathirai-ott/thangamagal-serial-end-this-week-do-you-know-when-the-new-serial-magale-en-marumagale-serial-will-be-aired|title=நிறைவடையும் ‘தங்க மகள்’...வருது புது சீரியல்... எப்போ ஒளிபரப்பாகுது தெரியுமா? |website=kalkionline.com|language=ta}}</ref>

== Broadcast history ==
It began airing on [[Star Vijay]] on 11 August 2025 from Monday to Saturday at 15:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]). Starting on 17 November 2025, it shifted to the evening slot at 18:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Nov/16/magale-en-marumagale-serial-change-prime-time|title=முக்கியத்துவம் பெறும் நேரத்துக்கு மாற்றப்பட்ட மகளே என் மருமகளே தொடர்!|website=[[Dinamani]]|language=ta}}</ref> replacing ''[[Poongatru Thirumbuma]]''’s time slot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Nov/17/two-series-at-a-new-time-starting-today|title=இன்று முதல் புதிய நேரத்தில் இரு தொடர்கள்!|website=[[Dinamani]]|language=ta}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}
[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Telugu-language television series]]

Mujib: The Making of a Nation

2026-03-10T23:58:46Z

Palashkhanra73: creating initial entry and citations

{{Short description|2023 Bengali biopic by Shyam Benegal}}
{{Redirect|Bangabandhu (film)|Other use|Bangabandhu (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mujib: The Making of a Nation
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার}}
| image = File:Mujib - The Making of a Nation (Poster).jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = [[Shyam Benegal]]
| screenplay = {{ubl|Atul Tiwari|[[Shama Zaidi]]}}
| producer =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Arifin Shuvoo]]
* [[Nusrat Imrose Tisha]]
* [[Fazlur Rahman Babu]]
* [[Nusraat Faria]]
* [[Riaz (actor)|Riaz Ahmed]]
* [[Dilara Zaman]]
* [[Tauquir Ahmed]]
* [[Raisul Islam Asad]]
*[[Deepak Antani]]
}}
| music = [[Shantanu Moitra]]
| narrator = [[Nusrat Imrose Tisha]]
| cinematography = Akashdeep Pandey
| editing = Aseem Sinha
| studio = {{Plainlist|*[[Bangladesh Film Development Corporation]]
*[[National Film Development Corporation of India]]}}
| distributor = [[Jaaz Multimedia]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|10|13|Bangladesh|2023|10|27|India, UK}}
| runtime = 178 minutes
| country = {{Unbulleted list|Bangladesh}} {{Unbulleted list|India}}
| language = {{Unbulleted list|Bengali}} {{Unbulleted list|Hindi}}
}}
'''''Mujib: The Making of a Nation''''' ({{langx|bn|মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার|Mujib: Ekti Jaatir Rupakar}}), is a 2023 [[Epic film|epic]] [[biographical film]] based on the life of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], the [[Father of the Nation|founding father]] and first [[president of Bangladesh]] who is popularly known as ''Bangabandhu'' ({{lit|Friend of [[Bengal]]}}). A [[Co-production (media)|co-production]] between Bangladesh and India, the film was directed by [[Shyam Benegal]] and stars [[Arifin Shuvoo]] in the titular role.<ref name=flo>{{cite news |date=22 January 2021 |first=Rishita Roy |last=Chowdhury |title=Shyam Benegal's India-Bangladesh film Bangabandhu goes on floors |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/shyam-benegal-s-india-bangladesh-film-bangabandhu-goes-on-floors-1761623-2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122063555/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/shyam-benegal-s-india-bangladesh-film-bangabandhu-goes-on-floors-1761623-2021-01-22|archive-date=22 January 2021|access-date=7 February 2021 |work=[[India Today]]|issue=22}}</ref>

The film was produced on the occasion of [[Mujib Year]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Shyam Benegal's biopic 'Bangabandhu' to immortalise Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, bolster ties|date=10 March 2021|newspaper=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}} {{ProQuest|2499277945}}</ref> [[Arifin Shuvoo]], [[Nusrat Imrose Tisha]] and [[Zayed Khan (Bangladeshi actor)|Zayed Khan]] took only {{BDT|1}}{{efn|Around {{USD|0.012}} as of June 2021<ref name=currency>{{cite web|url=https://currencies.zone/historic/us-dollar/bangladesh-taka/june-2021|title=Historic United States dollar Bangladeshi Taka|website=Currencies.zone|access-date=7 June 2022|archive-date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623055637/https://currencies.zone/historic/us-dollar/bangladesh-taka/june-2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}} as a symbolic payment for acting in this film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80|script-title=bn:১ টাকার শিল্পী|trans-title=One Taka Artist|first=Manjur|last=Kader|date=9 June 2021|language=bn|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|access-date=23 May 2022|archive-date=23 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523124425/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=tisha>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE|script-title=bn:সম্মানী নিয়েছেন মাত্র ১ টাকা|language=bn|date=12 January 2022|trans-title=Took only 1 taka honorarium|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613182502/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-11-23|title=Zayed Khan to play Tikka Khan in 'Bangabandhu'|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/zayed-khan-play-tikka-khan-bangabandhu-2900661|access-date=2021-12-28|website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=28 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228131140/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/zayed-khan-play-tikka-khan-bangabandhu-2900661|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was scheduled to start production on 18 March 2020, a day after Bangabandhu's birth centenary, but it was delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=date>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus comes in way of Benegal's Mujib film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/corona-comes-in-way-of-benegals-mujib-film/articleshow/74584679.cms |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=12 March 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712115358/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/corona-comes-in-way-of-benegals-mujib-film/articleshow/74584679.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Its art director is Nitish Roy. Pia Benegal is responsible for costume of the film as costume director. Dayal Nihalani is the associate Director. Its screenplay was done by Atul Tiwari and [[Shama Zaidi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-329411|script-title=bn:কান চলচ্চিত্র উৎসবে প্রকাশ হবে 'মুজিব' বায়োপিকের টিজার|trans-title=The teaser of 'Mujib' biopic will be released at Cannes Film Festival|date=28 March 2022|language=bn|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519193643/https://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-329411|url-status=live}}</ref> Its executive producer is Nujhat Yasmin.<ref name=budget>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article2064643.bdnews|title='মুজিব' চলচ্চিত্রের বাজেট ৮৩ কোটি টাকা: বিএফডিসি|trans-title=Budget of 'Mujib' is Tk 83 crore: BFDC|date=22 May 2022|first=Saimum|last=Saad|language=bn|website=[[Bdnews24.com]]|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522195228/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article2064643.bdnews|url-status=live}}</ref> Its line producer is Mohammad Hossain Jaimy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-675463/|title='মুজিব চলচ্চিত্রে কিছু ভুল থাকতেই পারে'|trans-title=There may be something wrong with Mujib's film|date=26 May 2022|language=bn|website=Sara Bangla|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526164018/https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-675463/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its dialogue writer, script supervisor, and dialogue coach is [[Sadhana Ahmed]].<ref name=sadhana/> Its casting director is Shyam Rawat and Baharuddin Khelon.<ref name=tribune/><ref name=auditionj/> This is the first government produced biopic about [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]].<ref name=about>{{cite news|url=https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/todays-paper/entertainment/157039|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর নাম ব্যবহার বাড়ছে শোবিজে|language=bn|first=Masudur|last=Rahman|date=2 April 2021|newspaper=[[Jaijaidin]]|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191454/https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/todays-paper/entertainment/157039|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is also marked as the last film of director Benegal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Filmmaker Shyam Benegal passes away at the age of 90 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/filmmaker-shyam-benegal-passes-away-at-the-age-of-90/articleshow/116604493.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |date=23 December 2024}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{Cleanup rewrite|2=section|date=December 2024}}
On 10 January 1972,<ref name="banglatribune.com">{{Cite web |script-title=bn:মুজিব: ইতিহাস হয়ে থাকার মতো ছবি |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/820455/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |website=Bangla Tribune |access-date=2023-11-19}}</ref> Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returned to Bangladesh after being released from Pakistani jail. The leaders present give Mujib a grand welcome with garlands.<ref name="Mitul">{{cite news|url=https://ekattor.tv/entertainment/52603/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|script-title=bn:মুজিবের বায়োপিকে কিছু অসঙ্গতির কথা জানালেন সিনেমাপ্রেমিরা|language=bn|first=Affan|last=Mitul|date=13 October 2013|access-date=20 October 2023|work=[[Ekattor TV]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184734/https://ekattor.tv/entertainment/52603/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="banglatribune.com"/> In the presence of millions of people, Sheikh Mujib delivers his speech and gives the message of reconstruction of the new born country.<ref name="banglatribune.com"/> Then Bangabandhu's consort is narrated about the events from Mujib's childhood.<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প">{{Cite web |title='মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প |url=https://suprobhat.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE/ |website=Suprobhat |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |author1=Forkan }}</ref>

Mujib meets [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy|Hossain Shaheed Suhrawardy]] as a student leader. Suhrawardy is impressed by Mujib's loyalty.<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প"/> Mujib's political career begins during [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=bn:সাধারণ ছেলের নেতা হওয়ার গল্প মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/blog/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1/thknefeep3 |website=BDNews24 |access-date=2023-11-19}}</ref> After studying in [[Baker Hostel|Calcutta Baker Hostel]], Mujib gets admission in [[University of Dhaka|Dhaka University]].<ref name="banglatribune.com"/><ref name="Mitul"/> On February 21, 1952, the students of Dhaka University takes out a procession demanding Bengali as national language. When the procession arrives out through the gate of the university, the police opens fire directly on them causing heavy casualties.<ref name="Mitul"/> During this time, Sheikh Mujib goes on hunger strike while imprisoned.<ref name="filmcompanion.in">{{Cite web |title=Mujib: The Making of a Nation Review: It Barely Qualifies as a Film |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/mujib-the-making-of-a-nation-review-it-barely-qualifies-as-a-film |website=Film Companion |date=27 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-27}}</ref> Apart from participating in the [[Bengali language movement]], Sheikh Mujib plays an active role in the anti-[[Ayub Khan|Ayub]] movement. [[Tajuddin Ahmad]], [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani|Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]], [[Tofazzal Hossain Manik Miah|Manik Mia]] and [[Shamsul Huq]] plays supporting roles to Sheikh Mujib.<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প"/>

Sheikh Mujib rise to fame in [[East Pakistan]] politics by discussing, criticizing, raising demands with the top leaders of Pakistan and his fight for secularism and autonomy. Mujib was inspired by [[Bertrand Russell]]'s philosophy and advocated freedom of the press.<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প"/><ref name="filmcompanion.in"/> He also protests outside parliament.<ref name="filmcompanion.in"/> During this time he is repeatedly arrested and imprisoned.<ref name="banglatribune.com"/> In 1966 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman announces [[Six point movement|6 point]] demands. In continuation of this, the [[1969 East Pakistan mass uprising|mass uprising]] in 1969 and the [[1970 Pakistani general election|Pakistani general election]] in 1970 are held.<ref name="banglatribune.com"/>

On March 7, 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman gives his [[7 March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|7th March Speech]] at the [[Suhrawardy Udyan|Race Course Maidan]].<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প"/> He is rearrested by Pakistani Army and imprisoned in [[West Pakistan]] after sending a message declaring Bangladesh as an independent state.<ref name="filmcompanion.in"/> Begum Mujib became politically astute in Sheikh Mujib's absence. During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], the [[Government of India]] provides uninterrupted assistance and support to Bangladesh.<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প"/> Bangladesh achieves the final victory through the surrender of the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani army]].<ref name="banglatribune.com"/>

In 1972, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns to Bangladesh. After becoming prime minister he successes in taking the guidance of the elders and taking timely decisions.<ref name="'মুজিব' একটি জাতির রুপকার-এর গল্প"/> During this time the constitution is framed and first [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|general election]] is held.<ref name="banglatribune.com"/> He refuses to eat rice during the 1974 famine.<ref name="filmcompanion.in"/> Later, a provisional national party called '[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]]' is formed and Mujib becomes the president of Bangladesh.<ref name="banglatribune.com"/>

Mujib spends his last days trying to build an exploitation-free society. At this time, Sheikh Mujib's cabinet minister [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]] and [[Taheruddin Thakur|Taher Uddin Thakur]] held a secret conspiratorial meeting with some military personnel to oust him from the presidency.<ref>{{Cite web |title='মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' চলচ্চিত্রের প্রদর্শন বন্ধ রাখতে আইনি নোটিশ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/3pbj5dn19d |website=Prothom Alo |date=19 October 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19}}</ref> Meanwhile, Mujib is warned about a possible coup by Indian intelligence. Mujib shrugs off these warnings by saying his own people would never hurt him. On the night of August 15, 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and most of his family members [[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|are killed]] by a group of military officers.<ref name="banglatribune.com"/>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|* [[Arifin Shuvoo]] as [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] ({{aka}} Bangabandhu)
** Dibya Joyti as younger Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
* [[Nusrat Imrose Tisha]] as Renu ([[Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib]])
** [[Prarthana Fardin Dighi]] as younger Renu
* [[Nusraat Faria]] as [[Sheikh Hasina]]
** Wania Zarin Anvita as [[Sheikh Hasina]], between the ages of 8 and 12 years.
* [[Shahidul Alam Sachchu]] as [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
* [[Deepak Antani]] as [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
* [[Rahul Singh (actor)|Rahul Singh]] as [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
* [[Fazlur Rahman Babu]] as [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
* [[Raisul Islam Asad]] as [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]]
* [[Riaz (actor)|Riaz Ahmed]] as [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]
* [[Gazi Rakayet]] as Abdul Hamid, Renu's grandfather
* Gayasuddin Sheikh as [[M. A. Wazed Miah]], Hasina's husband
* Abeer Soofi as Major Ashok Tara (a war hero)
* Tushar Khan as [[Tofazzal Hossain Manik Miah|Manik Mia]]
* Hasan Dip as a Police
* [[Rajit Kapur]] as [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
* Anoop Puri as [[Yahya Khan]], Pakistani president
* [[Shatabdi Wadud]] as a Pakistani Army officer
* Raajan Modi as Payenda Khan, Punjabi army chief
* Amit Ghosh as a Pakistani cop
* [[Khairul Alam Sabuj]] as the father of Bangabandhu, [[Sheikh Lutfar Rahman]] 65–94 years.
**[[Chanchal Chowdhury]] as [[Sheikh Lutfar Rahman]] between the ages of 45 and 65 years
* [[Dilara Zaman]] as the mother of Bangabandhu, [[Sayera Khatun]]
** Sangeeta Chowdhury as younger [[Sayera Khatun]]
* [[Tauquir Ahmed]] as [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
* Anjum Khan as Akhter, Suhrawardy's daughter
* Dewan Mohammad Saiful Islam Sayem Samad as [[Syed Nazrul Islam]]
* Somu Chowdhury as [[Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman|Qamaruzzaman]]
* Khalilur Rahman Quadri as [[Muhammad Mansur Ali|Mansur Ali]]
* Abhijit Sen Gupta as [[M. A. G. Osmani|General MAG Osmani]]
* Ziaul Hasan Kislu as [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]]
* Raju Sarker as [[Ayub Khan (general)|General Ayub Khan]]
* [[Sabila Nur]] as [[Sheikh Rehana]]
** Samanta Rahman as younger [[Sheikh Rehana]]
* Somnath Chatterjee as [[Sheikh Kamal]]
** Ishrak Turjo as younger [[Sheikh Kamal]] between the ages of 8 and 12 years.
*** Touhid as younger [[Sheikh Kamal]] under the age of 5.
* Sharif Siraj as [[Sheikh Jamal]]
* [[Rokeya Prachy]] as an old lady
* [[Siam Ahmed]] as [[Shamsul Huq]]
* [[Azizul Hakim]] as [[Abdur Rab Serniabat]]
* [[Abul Kalam Azad]] as a jail guard
* Naziba Bashar as [[Sultana Kamal (athlete)|Sultana Kamal]]
* [[Zayed Khan (Bangladeshi actor)|Zayed Khan]] as General [[Tikka Khan]]
* Swapan Bhattacharya as [[AFM Mohitul Islam]], Mujib's personal assistant
* [[Irfan Sajjad]] as [[Moazzem Hossain]]
* Ashiul Islam as [[Mohiuddin Ahmed (politician, born 1925)|Mohiuddin Ahmed]]
* Kamrul Hasan as [[Taheruddin Thakur]]
* A.K. Azad Setu as [[Ziaur Rahman]]
* Rohan Roy as [[S.H.M.B Noor Chowdhury]], Mujib's assassin
* Chandra Shekhar Dutta as [[Mohammad Bazlul Huda]], partner of Noor
* Anirudh Paul as [[Moslemuddin]]
* [[Elina Shammi]] as [[Khaleda Zia]]
* Nairuj Sifat as Parveen Jamal Rosy
*Sabbir Hossain as [[Tofail Ahmed (politician)|Tofail Ahmed]]
* Mostafizur Noor Imran as [[Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani]]
* Masood Akhtar as a resident of [[Tungipara]]
* Jaffna Subaita Hasan as a member of Mujib's family}}

== Production ==
===Background===
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Ms. Sheikh Hasina at the joint media briefing, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on April 08, 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Sheikh Hasina]] and [[Narendra Modi]] at [[Hyderabad House]] in 2017]]
Until 2016, many people wanted to make a film based on the life story of Bangabandhu, but their initiative was not successful.{{efn|No feature film about Sheikh Mujibur Rahman has been released before 2021. In 2021, two films were released about him titled ''[[Tungiparar Miya Bhai]]'' and ''[[Chironjeeb Mujib]]''.<ref name=about/>}} Even before the production of this film, there was a demand to make a biographical film of Bangabandhu as a state initiative.<ref name=initiative>{{cite news|url=https://www.protidinersangbad.com/todays-newspaper/entertainment/18120|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর জীবনী নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্র|language=bn|date=16 August 2016|newspaper=Protidiner Sangbad|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191455/https://www.protidinersangbad.com/todays-newspaper/entertainment/18120|url-status=live}}</ref> Actor Raj from [[East Pakistan]] announced to make a film about him titled ''Bangabandhu'' in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/todays-paper/entertainment/245937|script-title=bn:নাটক গান চলচ্চিত্রে বঙ্গবন্ধু|language=bn|date=17 March 2022|newspaper=Jaijaidin|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623113607/https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/todays-paper/entertainment/245937|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview given to the weekly ''[[Chitrali (magazine)|Chitrali]]'' in 1988, [[Farooque]] revealed his plan to make a film about Mujib.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.amadershomoy.com/bn/2021/10/08/1484708.asp|script-title=bn:চিত্রনায়ক ফারুক, চিত্রালী পত্রিকা ও আমাদের দেশপ্রেম|trans-title=Film actor Farooque, Chitrali magazine and our patriotism|language=bn|first=Deepak|last=Chowdhury|date=8 October 2021|access-date=6 July 2022|newspaper=[[Amader Shomoy]]|archive-date=20 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020064041/https://www.amadershomoy.com/bn/2021/10/08/1484708.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported by ''[[India Today]]'' in 2008<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/big-b-to-play-sheikh-mujib-in-new-movie-24937-2008-05-02|title=Big B to play Sheikh Mujib in new movie|date=2 May 2008|newspaper=[[India Today]]|access-date=11 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711170302/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/big-b-to-play-sheikh-mujib-in-new-movie-24937-2008-05-02|archive-date=11 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> that [[Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury]] planned to make a film about Bangabandhu titled ''The Poet of Politics''. It was rumored that it would be directed by [[Shyam Benegal]] and [[Amitabh Bachchan]] would be cast as the main character in the film. However, the film was not made.<ref name=ab/><ref name=initiative/> In 2010, Vibgyor Films had planned to make a film about Bangabandhu in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. It was learned that the shooting of the film was scheduled to start in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE/a-6155961|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে হলিউডে ছবি বানানোর পরিকল্পনা|language=bn|date=27 October 2010|first=Sagar|last=Sawdagor|website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613163201/https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE/a-6155961|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Giasuddin Selim]] wanted to make a film based on ''[[The Unfinished Memoirs]]'', an autobiography book of Mujib, but he backed out due to lack of budget.<ref name=bdnews24>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1519565.bdnews|title='যোগ্য নির্মাতার হাতে হোক বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক'|trans-title='Bangabandhu's biopic should be in the hands of a worthy producer'|language=bn|first=Saimum|last=Saad|date=16 July 2018|access-date=9 September 2022|website=[[Bdnews24.com]]|archive-date=17 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717153212/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1519565.bdnews|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 December 2015, the then Minister of Cultural Affairs named [[Asaduzzaman Noor]] officially announced the [[Third Hasina ministry|Hasina government]]{{`s}} desire to make a biopic of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He also said that [[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Bangladesh)|his ministry]] has discussed the matter with the [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]] and she has given the green signal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.risingbd.com/national/news/136636|title='বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে আন্তর্জাতিক মানের চলচ্চিত্র হবে'|language=bn|date=3 December 2015|work=Risingbd.com|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=4 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704062146/https://www.risingbd.com/national/news/136636|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, [[Narendra Modi]], the Indian prime minister, informed to the Bangladeshi prime minister named [[Sheikh Hasina]] the desire to produce a film on the life of her father by his government. His proposal was liked by her.<ref name=zee/> However, in that time, Hasina suggested to Modi that Bangladesh should jointly produce the proposed film with India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsclick.in/language-and-culture-matter-much-more-religion-shyam-benegal|title=Language and Culture Matter Much More Than Religion: Shyam Benegal|date=4 August 2023|access-date=11 October 2023|newspaper=[[NewsClick]]|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011110125/https://www.newsclick.in/language-and-culture-matter-much-more-religion-shyam-benegal|url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 August 2016, [[Venkaiah Naidu]], the then information minister of India, declared the acceptance of the proposal to assist the production of the biographical film of Bangabandhu by the then information minister of Bangladesh [[Hasanul Haq Inu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/india-facilitate-making-mega-movie-bangabandhu-1271227|title=India to facilitate making of 'mega movie' on Bangabandhu|date=17 August 2016|access-date=13 September 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=16 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616183427/https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/india-facilitate-making-mega-movie-bangabandhu-1271227|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 April 2017, in the presence of Sheikh Hasina at the [[Hyderabad House]] in [[New Delhi]], Narendra Modi officially announced the joint-production of the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladesh-india-jointly-produce-film-on-bangabandhu-life-works-1388191|title=Bangladesh-India to jointly produce biopic on Bangabandhu|date=8 April 2017|newspaper=The Daily Star|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613195311/https://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladesh-india-jointly-produce-film-on-bangabandhu-life-works-1388191|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Development===
{{quote box|width=25%|align=left|quote=The focus of this biopic is completely different, you have to understand it. There's a nation's emotions, there's a question of their feelings – I have to respect that, haven't I?|source= —Shyam Benegal during an interview for the film.<ref name=benegal>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/national/612365/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0|title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' হবে বাংলাদেশের ছবি, বলিউড বা বচ্চনের নয়|language=bn|first=Ranjan|last=Basu|date=4 March 2020|website=[[Bangla Tribune]]|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613165453/https://www.banglatribune.com/national/612365/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
On 27 August 2017, an agreement was signed between the [[Government of Bangladesh]] and [[Government of India|India]] in the capital of India. One of the purposes of the agreement was to make a film on [[Bangabandhu]].<ref name=synopsis>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/last-page/2019/04/03/754248|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্র নির্মাণের মহাযজ্ঞ শুরু|first=Nawshad|last=Jamil|date=3 April 2019|language=bn|newspaper=Kaler Kantho|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522215544/https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/last-page/2019/04/03/754248|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 March 2018, the Government of Bangladesh announced that the preliminary work of making the film would start from that year.<ref name=ab>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1472605.bdnews|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্র নির্মাণের কাজ শুরু হচ্ছে: তারানা|language=bn|date=18 March 2018|website=Bdnews24.com|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623084212/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1472605.bdnews|url-status=live}}</ref> A film committee was formed with 19 people from Bangladesh and India to implement the film project. The coordinator of the committee was the additional secretary of the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Information]] of Bangladesh.<ref name=committee/> [[Hasanul Haq Inu]] organized several meetings regarding Bangabandhu's biopic during his tenure as [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Bangladesh)|Information Minister]]. Film directors and experts participating in the meetings gave their opinion in favor of directing the film by any director of the country. So it was initially decided that the film would be directed by [[Nasiruddin Yousuff]].<ref name=editing>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/food/article/2209129919/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকের মুক্তি নিয়ে ধোঁয়াশা|trans-title=Confusion over the release of Bangabandhu's biopic|language=bn|first1=Bahram|last1=Khan|first2=Anindya|last2=Mamun|date=3 September 2022|access-date=9 September 2022|newspaper=[[Samakal]]|archive-date=9 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909094515/https://samakal.com/food/article/2209129919/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE|url-status=live}}</ref> But the film committee chose [[Shyam Benegal]] as the director when three directors from India were nominated in July 2018<ref name=steps/> to direct the film.{{efn|Other two directors were [[Goutam Ghose]] and [[Kaushik Ganguly]]<ref name=director>{{cite news|script-title=bn:কেন ভারতীয় পরিচালক তৈরি করবে বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক? ক্ষুব্ধ ওপার বাংলা|language=bn|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/controversy-over-bangabandhu-biopic-here-are-the-reactions/|date=1 August 2018|newspaper=Sangbad Pratidin|first=Suparna|last=Majumdar|access-date=12 June 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191455/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/controversy-over-bangabandhu-biopic-here-are-the-reactions/|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref name=costume>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-55949870|title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' বায়োপিক : মুম্বাইতে যেভাবে চলছে শেখ মুজিবের জীবন নিয়ে ছবির শুটিং|first=Subhajyoti|last=Ghosh|date=5 February 2021|language=bn|website=BBC Bangla|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522213916/https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-55949870|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shyam Benegal]] accepted the offer to direct the film as he felt that the main character of the film was an interesting character in his time.<ref name=zee/>{{efn|Columnist Rahman Chowdhury claimed to have met Shyam Benegal in October 2015 and learned that he was then engaged in pre-production of a film based on the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shampratikdeshkal.com/opinion/news/220680328/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|script-title=bn:শ্যাম বেনেগাল নির্মিত চলচ্চিত্র 'মুজিব একটি জাতির রূপকার'|trans-title=Shyam Benegal's movie 'Mujib: The Making of a Nation'|language=bn|first=Rahman|last=Chowdhury|date=4 June 2022|access-date=24 September 2022|website=Shampratikdeshkal.com|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924175217/https://shampratikdeshkal.com/opinion/news/220680328/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|url-status=live}}</ref>}} On 27 August 2018, [[Tarana Halim]] officially announced his name as the director of the film on behalf of the Government of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jamuna.tv/news/46404|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্র নির্মাণের দায়িত্বে শ্যাম বেনেগাল|language=bn|date=27 August 2018|website=[[Jamuna Television]]|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191454/https://www.jamuna.tv/news/46404|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, it was announced that a three-member expert team from Bangladesh would be formed to assist the film's director. It was decided that the team would include a historian, an acquaintance of Mujib and an experienced film personality.<ref name=steps>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে বাংলাদেশ ও ভারতের ছবি|trans-title=Movie of Bangladesh and India|language=bn|date=16 March 2019|access-date=21 September 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601045110/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF|url-status=live |last1=অপু |first1=মাসুম }}</ref> Sheikh Hasina initially did not want to be included in the production but Benegal later forced her.<ref name=literature>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/specials/328244/shyam-benegal-we-studied-all-the-literature-that|title=Shyam Benegal: We studied all the literature that exists on Bangabandhu|first=Ayanangsha|last=Maitra|date=17 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184632/https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/specials/328244/shyam-benegal-we-studied-all-the-literature-that|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 April 2019, Shyam Benegal visited Bangladesh to discuss the film project with Sheikh Hasina and film associates.<ref name=committee>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2019/04/02/753982|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্র : পরিচালক শ্যাম বেনেগাল ঢাকায়|trans-title=Film on Bangabandhu: Director Shyam Benegal in Dhaka|language=bn|date=2 April 2019|access-date=21 September 2022|newspaper=[[Kaler Kantho]]|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405085846/http://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2019/04/02/753982|url-status=live}}</ref> The budget of the film was set at {{estimation}} [[৳]]40 [[crore]] at a meeting held in New Delhi on 7 May 2019.<ref name=may>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক, ছুটছেন চিত্রনাট্যকারেরা|language=bn|date=13 November 2019|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191455/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|url-status=live}}</ref> But it was learned later from Nuzhat Yeasmin, one of executive producers of the film that the budget of this film is ৳83 crore.{{efn|Around {{USD|0.996 million}} as of June 2021<ref name=currency/>}} Bangladesh has given ৳50 crore of the budget and India has given ৳33 crore.<ref name="budget"/> After the Bangladesh delegation visited India on 7 May 2019 and discussed with the Indians, the matter of making the film was finalized.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article62009320.ece|title=Life and times of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Prasar Bharati to co-produce film directed by Shyam Benegal|date=7 May 2019|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191456/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article62009320.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 October 2019, the director talked with Sheikh Hasina in a meeting at New Delhi for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.banglatribune.com/entertainment/news/82693/Hasina-giving-all-out-support-in-making|title=All out support from Hasina for Bangabandhu bio-pic: Benegal|first=Ranjan|last=Basu|date=7 November 2019|website=[[Bangla Tribune]]|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107033605/http://en.banglatribune.com/entertainment/news/82693/Hasina-giving-all-out-support-in-making|url-status=live}}</ref> Later another film related agreement was finalised on 14 January 2020.<ref name=shooting/> Shyam Benegal further said that this is a Bengali nationalist film.<ref name=benegal/> [[Sheikh Hasina]] wanted the language of the film to be in English or [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] or [[Urdu]]. But Shyam Benegal decided to make the film in [[Bengali language|Bengali]], the state language of Bangladesh.{{efn|Shyam Benegal wanted the language of the film to be Bengali as he thought that making the film in another language would disrespect the [[Bengali language movement]].}}<ref name=language>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shyam-benegal-on-recreating-persona-of-bangladesh-founding-father-mujib-making-of-a-nation-7849543/|title=Shyam Benegal on recreating the persona of the founding father of Bangladesh for his latest, Mujib: The Making of a Nation|date=2 April 2022|first=Rinku|last=Ghosh|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191458/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shyam-benegal-on-recreating-persona-of-bangladesh-founding-father-mujib-making-of-a-nation-7849543/|url-status=live}}</ref> Benegal does not know [[Bengali language|Bengali]], for this reason he had to enlist the help of translators.<ref name=tele>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/exclusive-interview-shyam-benegal-gets-candid-about-his-film-mujib/cid/1857744|title='Mujib was a complex man, politicians are complex'|date=27 March 2022|first=Moumita|last=Chaudhuri|website=The Telegraph|access-date=17 June 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191456/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/exclusive-interview-shyam-benegal-gets-candid-about-his-film-mujib/cid/1857744|url-status=live}}</ref> Two years later its official title was announced.<ref name=poster>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC |title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' ছবির চূড়ান্ত নাম 'মুজিব'|trans-title=Final name of 'Bangabandhu' movie is 'Mujib' |access-date=18 March 2022|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407213635/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC |language=bn|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|url-status=live}}</ref> The director gave the name to the film as the meaning of [[Mujib (name)|Mujib]] is significant.<ref name=language/>

===Character===
Character development of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a difficult task for Benegal. As steadfast as Mujib was to his political ideals and movements, he gave importance to his family And he was more of a family man than all the important personalities of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. And so his life is presented in this film from an emotional point of view.<ref name=language/> The director said that Mujib will be portrayed in a balanced manner in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1004175/interview-why-filmmaking-for-shyam-benegal-is-both-a-microscope-and-a-telescope|title=Interview: Why filmmaking for Shyam Benegal is both 'a microscope and a telescope'|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|date=1 September 2021|access-date=29 September 2022|website=[[Scroll.in]]|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929033754/https://scroll.in/reel/1004175/interview-why-filmmaking-for-shyam-benegal-is-both-a-microscope-and-a-telescope|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Writing===
Atul Tiwari planned to visit Bangladesh in May 2019 as part of his film research. [[Piplu Khan]] was his helper and research related assistant.<ref name=original/> Atul Tiwari visited Bangladesh with [[Shama Zaidi]] on 19 May and investigated the biopic related historical places.<ref name=may/> As part of the research for the film, [[Sheikh Hasina]] assisted the director with information about her father's life. Although the film script was reviewed by her, she did not demand any major change in the script.<ref name=zee>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/mujib-biopic-shyam-benegal-shares-details-of-his-meetings-with-bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-2447326.html|title=Mujib biopic: Shyam Benegal shares details of his meetings with Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina|date=23 March 2022|newspaper=Zee News|access-date=28 May 2022|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528202121/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/mujib-biopic-shyam-benegal-shares-details-of-his-meetings-with-bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-2447326.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In order to complete the screenplay, [[Shama Zaidi]] and Atul Tiwari adhered to research paper on the main character of the film written by [[Gowher Rizvi]]. As part of the research, the screenwriters collected information from people associated with Bangabandhu. A scriptwriters' committee was formed to write the script for the film. [[Anam Biswas]], [[Gias Uddin Selim]], [[Shihab Shaheen]] and [[Sadhana Ahmed]] were selected as members of this committee. [[Asaduzzaman Noor]] assisted the members as an advisor to the committee.<ref name=sadhana>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/sadhana-ahmed-provides-insights-the-making-bangabandhu-biopic-3035281|title=Sadhana Ahmed provides insights on the making of Bangabandhu biopic|date=30 May 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|access-date=2 June 2022|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602174203/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/sadhana-ahmed-provides-insights-the-making-bangabandhu-biopic-3035281|url-status=live}}</ref> All kinds of historical works from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan have been taken for its screenplay.<ref name=literature/> From February to August 2020, many minor corrections was made to the screenplay of the film.<ref name=casting2/>

===Casting===
{{multiple image|perrow = 3|total_width=300
|image1 = Arifin Shuvo portrait 2017.jpg
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|image2 = Nusrat Imrose Tisha, 7th Annual Asia Pacific Screen Awards (APSA) 2013 Winner (cropped).jpg
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|image4 = Raisul Islam Asad in 2016 (01).jpg
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|image5 = Riaz at Dhaka Lit Fest 2017 (cropped).jpg
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|image6 = খায়রুল আলম সবুজ.jpg
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|footer = (Clockwise from top left) the film stars [[Arifin Shuvoo]], [[Nusrat Imrose Tisha]], [[Nusraat Faria]], [[Raisul Islam Asad]], [[Riaz (actor)|Riaz Ahmed]] and [[Khairul Alam Sabuj]]}}
Shyam Benegal ensured that most of the performers in the film were from Bangladesh.<ref name=benegal/>{{efn|It was for linguistic reason. [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] has different [[Bengali dialects]] that are historically important.<ref name=language/>}} Auditions were held in [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]]{{efn|In [[Dhaka]] (Television Building), [[Kolkata]] and [[Mumbai]].}} from January to February 2020 for the casting of the film. Apart from various performers, Soumya Jyoti, [[Tariq Anam Khan]], [[Shamima Nazneen]], [[Masuma Rahman Nabila]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/770319.details|script-title=bn:শ্যাম বেনেগালের সিনেমায় বঙ্গবন্ধুর স্ত্রী চরিত্রে নাবিলা!|trans-title=Nabila as Bangabandhu's wife in Shyam Benegal's movie!|language=bn|date=8 February 2020|access-date=9 September 2022|website=[[Banglanews24.com]]|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625033716/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/770319.details|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jaya Ahsan]] and [[Kaushik Sen]]<ref name=benegal/> were also present at the auditions.<ref name=auditionj>{{cite news|url=https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/feature/tarar-mela/86467/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95|script-title=bn:মাঠে গড়াচ্ছে বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক|language=bn|date=30 January 2020|newspaper=Jaijaidin|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623150755/https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/feature/tarar-mela/86467/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/entertainment/who-will-play-iconic-role-bangabandhu-43101|title=Who will play the iconic role of Bangabandhu?|first=Habibullah|last=Siddique|date=9 February 2020|website=The Business Standard|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621175425/https://www.tbsnews.net/entertainment/who-will-play-iconic-role-bangabandhu-43101|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a report in the ''[[Bangla Tribune]]'' on 7 February 2020, [[Dilara Zaman]] has been finalized as the cast of the film in January. Besides, the names of [[Fazlur Rahman Babu]] and [[Tauquir Ahmed]] have also been finalized, says the report.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/608240/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক: বিভিন্ন চরিত্রে চূড়ান্ত হলেন যারা|language=bn|first=Sudhamay|last=Sarker|date=7 February 2020|website=[[Bangla Tribune]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191457/https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/608240/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|url-status=live}}</ref> A draft list of castings for the film contain 50 actors was made on 4 March 2020.<ref name =ind>{{cite news |title=Arifin Shuvoo to play Bangabandhu in biopic |url=https://www.theindependentbd.com/post/239501 |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)|The Independent]] |date=4 March 2020 |archive-date=6 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306064936/http://www.theindependentbd.com/post/239501 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|Some of their names with role are given in [[#Cast|Cast]].}} According to a report by ''[[Bangla Tribune]]'', Sheikh Hasina's wishes would prevail in selecting actor for the lead role in the film. Her choice for the role was [[Amitabh Bachchan]]. But in the [[pre-production]], she could not prefer him because Bachchan was older in that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/219541/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর চরিত্রে অমিতাভ, না অন্য কেউ|trans-title=Amitabh as Bangabandhu or anyone else|language=bn|first=Ranjan|last=Basu|date=29 June 2017|access-date=16 September 2022|website=[[Bangla Tribune]]|archive-date=19 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919231508/https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe.c4bdc17e77719578b594d5555bee90db.html?origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.banglatribune.com|url-status=live}}</ref> The director said that he was looking for a slim actor for the main character Sheikh Mujibur Rahman because he was not fat in his early life.<ref name=slim>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-45777449|script-title=bn:শেখ মুজিবের বায়োপিকে অভিনয়ের জন্য 'রোগা চেহারার বঙ্গবন্ধু' খুঁজছেন পরিচালক শ্যাম বেনেগাল|language=bn|date=7 October 2018|first=Shubhajyoti|last=Ghosh|website=[[BBC]]|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191457/https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-45777449|url-status=live}}</ref> During the auditions, a TV drama starring [[Arifin Shuvoo]] was being screened at the Mumbai International Film Festival. One of the film's screenwriter [[Shama Zaidi]], who was present at the film festival, contacted him after watching the TV drama and requested to meet the director. Although some members of the production team considered Shuvoo unsuitable for the lead role, the director allowed him to audition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/i-never-imagined-playing-bangabandhu-screen-arefin-shuvo-585914|title=I never imagined playing Bangabandhu on screen: Arefin Shuvoo|first=Sohel|last=Ahsan|date=16 February 2023|access-date=6 October 2023|website=[[The Business Standard]]|archive-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009013010/https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/i-never-imagined-playing-bangabandhu-screen-arefin-shuvo-585914|url-status=live}}</ref> He was one of the 15 actors selected for the role of Bangabandhu who was finalized after 5 rounds of auditions.<ref name=tribune>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/shyam-benegal-to-direct-sheikh-mujibur-rahmans-biopic-bangabandhu-an-indo-bdesh-production-247086|title=Shyam Benegal to direct Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's biopic 'Bangabandhu', an Indo-B'desh production|date=2 May 2021|website=The Tribune|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526212018/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/shyam-benegal-to-direct-sheikh-mujibur-rahmans-biopic-bangabandhu-an-indo-bdesh-production-247086|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview, the director explained why Arifin Shuvo was cast as the main character, saying that he was the perfect person for the role.<ref name=benegal/> Although it was decided to cast [[Jyotika Jyoti]] and Jannatul Sumaiya Himi as [[Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib]] and [[Sheikh Hasina]] in the qualifying round, they were later dropped.<ref name=jyoti/><ref name=himi/> [[Rawnak Hasan]] was selected for acting as [[Sheikh Kamal]] and was later dropped in the day of his contract signing day<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakapost.com/entertainment/5132|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক থেকে বাদ রওনক|date=13 January 2021|language=bn|website=Dhaka Post|access-date=23 May 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191457/https://www.dhakapost.com/entertainment/5132|url-status=live}}</ref> because the director thought that he was not perfect for the role.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/todays-paper/entertainment/138511|script-title=bn:অবশেষে চূড়ান্ত প্রস্তুতি বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকের|trans-title=Finally, the final preparation of Bangabandhu's biopic|language=bn|date=20 January 2021|access-date=14 September 2022|newspaper=[[Jaijaidin]]|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914191914/https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/todays-paper/entertainment/138511|url-status=live}}</ref> He was replaced by Somnath Chatterjee in December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelionline.com/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8/|script-title=bn:ক্যারিয়ার নিয়ে দশ বছরের স্ট্রাগল: বঙ্গবন্ধুতে যেভাবে সুযোগ পেলেন সোম|trans-title=Ten years of career struggle: How Som got his chance in Bangabandhu|language=bn|first=Mitul|last=Ahmed|date=28 January 2021|access-date=14 September 2022|website=Channelionline.com|publisher=[[Channel i]]|archive-date=25 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925160602/https://www.channelionline.com/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8/|url-status=live}}</ref> Although [[Ferdous Ahmed]] was finalised for [[Tajuddin Ahmad]]'s role, [[Riaz (actor)|Riaz Ahmed]] was later hired to play the role<ref name=riaz>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:তাজউদ্দীন চরিত্রে রিয়াজ, বাদ পড়েছেন ফেরদৌস|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/842120.details|access-date=20 February 2021|work=banglanews24.com|date=19 February 2021 |language=bn|archive-date=19 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091131/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/842120.details|url-status=live}}</ref> for visa related issue.<ref name=telegraph/>{{efn|During the [[2019 Indian general election]], Ahmed visited [[West Bengal]], India and joined an election campaign. That was against the law of the country and that was the reason for visa related issue.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/movies/i-have-paid-for-my-mistakes-ferdous|title=I have paid for my mistakes: Ferdous|first=Monzur|last=Kader|date=25 March 2021|access-date=17 September 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=19 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919231458/https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/movies/i-have-paid-for-my-mistakes-ferdous|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The production team was supposed to sign the contract with the selected actors in March 2021, but due to the inability to start shooting, it was decided in September.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/497768/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87/|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক নির্মাণে শিল্পীদের সঙ্গে চুক্তি সেপ্টেম্বরের মধ্যে|trans-title=Bangabandhu biopic production agreement with artists by September|language=bn|date=7 May 2020|access-date=14 September 2022|newspaper=[[Janakantha]]|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914191915/https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/497768/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the first round of casting, the second round of casting is done online due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]]. In the next step, casting director Baharuddin Khelon selected 60 people for acting and sent their names to the director. Benegal finalized their names from the list after discussion.<ref name=casting2>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1794645.bdnews|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক: কাস্টিং অনলাইনে, শুটিং 'মহামারীর মধ্যে নয়'|trans-title=Bangabandhu biopic: Casting online, shooting 'not amid pandemic'|language=bn|first=Makful Hossain|last=Saad|date=25 August 2020|access-date=14 September 2022|website=[[Bdnews24.com]]|archive-date=28 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828194745/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1794645.bdnews|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Irfan Sajjad]] was finalized for the role of [[Moazzem Hossain]] on 17 November 2021. Then on 22 November, [[Zayed Khan (Bangladeshi actor)|Zayed Khan]] signed the contract for the role of [[Tikka Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/894861.details|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকে ইরফান সাজ্জাদ|trans-title=Irfan Sajjad in biopic of Bangabandhu|language=bn|date=24 November 2021|access-date=24 September 2022|website=[[Banglanews24.com]]|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205113452/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/894861.details|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Costume===
In December 2019, the production team reached out to costume designers in Bangladesh as well as clothing stores in the country to get an idea of the costumes.<ref name=janakantha>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/national/news/469016|script-title=bn:মুজিববর্ষেই মুক্তি পাবে বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912122417/https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/national/news/469016|trans-title=Bangabandhu's biopic will be released in Mujib Year|language=bn|date=23 December 2019|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|newspaper=[[Janakantha]]|url-status=live}}</ref> The costume designer of the film is Pia Benegal. The costumes for the film have been made in multiple costume factory in [[Film City, Mumbai|Mumbai Film City]]. For the film, research has been done on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's costume and especially [[Mujib coat]]. According to Pia Benegal, the idea of Mujib coat as a costume was extraordinary and convenient, the collar of which could be easily changed.<ref name=costume/>

===Filming===
[[File:Mumbai Film City set replica Dhanmondi house Bangladesh 1971 Bangabandhu biographical film 2021-02-09 (PID-0031098).jpg|thumb|The crews during the shooting of the film in [[Film City, Mumbai]]]]
The shooting of the film was originally scheduled to start before [[2018 Bangladeshi general election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/rangberang/2018/03/19/614912|script-title=bn:নির্বাচনের আগেই শুটিং|trans-title=Shooting will start before the election|language=bn|date=19 March 2018|access-date=9 September 2022|newspaper=[[Kaler Kantho]]|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731054316/http://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/rangberang/2018/03/19/614912|url-status=live}}</ref> Then the date was shifted to November 2019.<ref name=original>{{cite news|url=https://eisamay.com/bangladesh-news/shooting-of-film-on-bangabandhu-likely-to-begin-in-november/articleshow/69259751.cms|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধু শেখ মুজিবের বায়োপিকের শ্যুটিং শুরু নভেম্বরেই|language=bn|date=10 May 2019|newspaper=[[Ei Samay Sangbadpatra|Ei Samay]]|access-date=4 July 2022|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713054147/https://eisamay.com/bangladesh-news/shooting-of-film-on-bangabandhu-likely-to-begin-in-november/articleshow/69259751.cms|url-status=live |title=Bangladesh news }}</ref> On 7 May 2019, the director stated his team's desire to complete its filming in 80 days.<ref name=days>{{cite news|url=https://www.amadershomoy.com/bn/2019/05/08/877175.htm|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্রের অভিনেতা-অভিনেত্রী নির্বাচন শিগগিরই|trans-title=The selection of actors and actresses for the movie about Bangabandhu is coming soon|language=bn|date=8 May 2019|access-date=15 September 2022|newspaper=[[Amader Shomoy]]|archive-date=19 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919231536/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertag&topUrl=www.amadershomoy.com|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the date was changed to 18 March 2020, but suspended.<ref name=date/> As per the initial plan, indoor shooting of the film was to be done in [[Kolkata]] and outdoor shooting in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=janakantha/> The film's shooting started with [[muhurat shot]] under the [[working title]] ''Bangabandhu: The Making of a Nation''<ref name=language/><ref name=poster/> on 21 January 2021, in India.{{efn|In [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref name=flo/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2022/04/07/i-think-of-mujib-as-a-shakespearean-hero.html|title=I think of Mujib as a Shakespearean hero: Shyam Benegal|date=17 April 2022|website=The Week|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526221505/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2022/04/07/i-think-of-mujib-as-a-shakespearean-hero.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The first phase of the shooting was planned to be completed in the country within 100 days<ref name=shooting/> and it was completed on 4 April 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ajkerpatrika.com/1436/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE|script-title=bn:এবার বাংলাদেশে 'বঙ্গবন্ধু' বায়োপিক টিম|trans-title=This time the 'Bangabandhu' biopic team in Bangladesh|language=bn|date=13 April 2021|access-date=25 September 2022|newspaper=Ajker Patrika|archive-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925225403/https://www.ajkerpatrika.com/1436/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE|url-status=live}}</ref> It was informed that the scenes of the liberation war would be shot in the second phase.<ref name=shooting>{{cite news |title=Shooting of Bangabandhu biopic starts in Mumbai |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/shooting-bangabandhu-biopic-starts-mumbai-2031709 |access-date=9 February 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=21 January 2021 |archive-date=29 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129000320/https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/shooting-bangabandhu-biopic-starts-mumbai-2031709 |url-status=live }}</ref> The shooting of the film had to be postponed many times due to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]]<ref name=covid>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকের ৭৫ শতাংশ শুটিং শেষ|language=bn|date=15 August 2021|newspaper=Prothom Alo|access-date=7 June 2022|archive-date=7 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607162652/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/dhallywood/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7|url-status=live |author1=প্রতিনিধি }}</ref> and [[Cyclone Tauktae]] and [[Cyclone Yaas|Yaas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/the-shooting-of-the-film-bangabandhu-will-end-by-this-year-says-shyam-benegal_389730.html/|script-title=bn:শ্যাম বেনেগালের শেখ মুজিবুর রহমানের বায়োপিক 'বঙ্গবন্ধু' শুটিং শেষের পথে|trans-title=Shyam Benegal's Sheikh Mujibur Rahman biopic 'Bangabandhu' is nearing completion|language=bn|date=29 June 2021|access-date=17 September 2022|newspaper=[[Zee News]]|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629182114/https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/the-shooting-of-the-film-bangabandhu-will-end-by-this-year-says-shyam-benegal_389730.html|url-status=live}}</ref> From 20 November, several scenes of the film were shot in many places of [[Bangladesh]] as well.{{efn|The places are [[Dhaka]], [[Gazipur District]] and [[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh|Gopalganj District]].<ref name=budget/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://www.voabangla.com/a/6488017.html|script-title=bn:রূপালী পর্দায় এই সময়ের মুজিব তারা|first=Mahtab|last=Hosen|date=17 March 2022|language=bn|website=Voice of America Bangla|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=23 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623084216/https://www.voabangla.com/a/6488017.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%a8/%e0%a6%9f%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%ad%e0%a6%bf-%e0%a6%93-%e0%a6%b8%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%be/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%89%e0%a6%a1/%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%99%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%97%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%a7%e0%a7%81-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a6%be%e0%a7%9f%e0%a7%8b%e0%a6%aa%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%95%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9c%e0%a7%87-%e0%a6%a2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%95%e0%a6%be%e0%a7%9f-%e0%a6%b6%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%af%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%ae-%e0%a6%ac%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%a8%e0%a7%87%e0%a6%97%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b2-284616|title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' বায়োপিকের কাজে ঢাকায় শ্যাম বেনেগাল|language=bn|date=17 November 2021|website=The Daily Star|access-date=7 June 2022|archive-date=7 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607162652/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A1/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-284616|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=somoy/>}} The shooting for [[7 March Speech of Bangabandhu]] scenes took place on 23 November 2021 at the football field of [[Dhaka College]].<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:'বঙ্গবন্ধু' বায়োপিকের শুটিং হচ্ছে ঢাকা কলেজে|trans-title='Bangabandhu' biopic is being shot at Dhaka College|language=bn|url=https://www.risingbd.com/campus/news/435455|date=23 November 2021|first=Rayhan|last=Hossain|work=Risingbd.com|access-date=12 July 2022|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712120846/https://www.risingbd.com/campus/news/435455|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 December 2021, a scene of the [[Bengali language movement]] was captured at [[Madhur Canteen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2021/12/04/241133/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8|title='রাষ্ট্রভাষা বাংলা চাই' স্লোগানে ফের মুখরিত ঢাবি ক্যাম্পাস!|trans-title=DU campus again roaring with the slogan 'I want the national language Bangla'!|language=bn|date=4 December 2021|access-date=25 September 2022|website=Dhakatimes24.com|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204160751/https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2021/12/04/241133/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8|url-status=live}}</ref> The shooting of the second phase ended after 59 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-26 |script-title=bn:শেষ হলো 'বঙ্গবন্ধু'র শুটিং |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/rangberang/2022/01/26/1114300 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=[[Kaler Kantho]] |language=bn |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301094636/https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/rangberang/2022/01/26/1114300 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of April 2022, it is known that A total of 960 minutes were recorded as draft footage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93/1352735|script-title=bn:তৈরি হচ্ছে 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' (ভিডিও)|language=bn|date=16 April 2022|website=Ekushey TV|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191457/https://www.ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93/1352735|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a report of ''[[Samakal]]'' on 11 September 2022, the production team is thinking of re-shooting some scenes.<ref name=vfx/>

===Editing and visual effects===
In March 2022, it was reported by ''[[Prothom Alo]]'' that [[post-production]] of the film had already begun.<ref name=poster/> It was planned to do the post-production in [[Mumbai]].<ref name=days/> Benegal stated that post-production is likely to be completed by June, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/743826/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C|script-title=bn:জুনের মধ্যেই শেষ হচ্ছে 'মুজিব' ছবির পুরো কাজ: শ্যাম বেনেগাল|trans-title=The entire work of 'Mujeeb' film will be completed by June: Shyam Benegal|language=bn|first=Ranjan|last=Basu|date=18 May 2022|access-date=17 September 2022|website=[[Bangla Tribune]]|archive-date=4 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604004019/https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/743826/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C|url-status=live}}</ref> The editing of the film was supervised by a team from Bangladeshi government. However, due to the [[#First trailer|trailer controversy]] in May 2022, the production team started re-editing the footages of the film. Bangladeshi film experts will be consulted after editing the film on the advice of the supervising team. If they do not object, the film will be released only after showing it to Sheikh Hasina. According to a report of ''[[Samakal]]'' on 11 September 2022, [[Makuta VFX]] was appointed for [[visual effects]] of the film.<ref name=editing/><ref name=vfx>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/entertainment/article/2209131237/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8|script-title=bn:মুজিব: হচ্ছে রিশুট, ভিএফএক্সে যুক্ত হয়েছে বাহুবলীর সেই প্রতিষ্ঠান|trans-title=Mujib: Reshoot starting, the company of Baahubali is involved in VFX|language=bn|first=Anindya|last=Mamun|date=11 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022|newspaper=[[Samakal]]|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911122226/https://samakal.com/entertainment/article/2209131237/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 September 2022, [[Hasan Mahmud (politician)|Hasan Mahmud]] stated that the film is ready for release.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/english/online/entertainment/2022/09/12/39119|title="Mujib" will be released this year|date=12 September 2022|access-date=12 September 2022|newspaper=[[Kaler Kantho]]|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912221226/https://www.kalerkantho.com/english/online/entertainment/2022/09/12/39119|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|Mujib: The Making of a Nation (soundtrack)}}

In 2021, the production team contacted [[Zahid Akbar]] to compose one of the song for the film. The song was named ''Ochin Majhi'' ({{lit|The mysterious boatman}}) whose composer and singer was [[Shantanu Moitra]], the music director of the film. It is the first music sang by him for any film.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.risingbd.com/entertainment/news/443197|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকের জন্য গান লিখলেন জাহিদ আকবর|first=Rahat|last=Saiful|date=18 January 2022|language=bn|work=Risingbd.com|access-date=23 May 2022|archive-date=2 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602000818/https://www.risingbd.com/entertainment/news/443197|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=eisamay>{{Cite web |title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' সিনেমায় প্লেব্যাক করলেন শান্তনু মৈত্র |url=https://eisamay.com/bangladesh-news/shantanu-moitra-sing-a-song-in-mujibur-rahman-biopic-bangabandhu/articleshow/89002488.cms |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=EI Samay |date=19 January 2022 |language=bn |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302130052/https://eisamay.com/bangladesh-news/shantanu-moitra-sing-a-song-in-mujibur-rahman-biopic-bangabandhu/articleshow/89002488.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The director asked music director Moitra to refrain from putting pressure on himself while working. While working on the film's music, he wanted to incorporate Bangladeshi folk music influences. He had to watch the film half a hundred times for inspiration while producing the background music.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/i-watched-the-biopic-more-50-times-create-its-music-shantanu-moitra-3443321|title=I watched the biopic more than 50 times to create its music: Shantanu Moitra|first=Zahid|last=Akbar|date=14 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=14 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014181708/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/i-watched-the-biopic-more-50-times-create-its-music-shantanu-moitra-3443321|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Legacy==
There was a lot of interest among Bangladeshis to know who will play the main character in the film. Some people proposed [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Adil Hussain]], [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Pijush Bandyopadhyay]] and [[Tariq Anam Khan]] as main character. Some netizens edited the pictures of many actors and made their mustaches and hair look exactly like Bangabandhu and posted them on social media.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ananda-alo.com/6377/|script-title=bn:সিনেমায় কে হচ্ছেন বঙ্গবন্ধু?|language=bn|first=Rezanur|last=Rahman|date=7 March 2022|website=Ananda Alo|access-date=13 June 2022|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621183711/https://www.ananda-alo.com/6377/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Shyam Benegal]] said that he was happy to direct the film and praised Bangabandhu who was a friend of India.<ref>{{cite news |title='Mujib: The Making of a Nation' is a very emotional film for me: Shyam Benegal |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/mujib-the-making-nation-very-emotional-film-me-shyam-benegal-2985096 |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=17 March 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317140814/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/mujib-the-making-nation-very-emotional-film-me-shyam-benegal-2985096 |url-status=live }}</ref> Commenting on the film, Bangabandhu's daughter, [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]] [[Sheikh Hasina]], was optimistic about the film. Directed by Shyam Benegal, the film will be accepted as a milestone in the Bangladeshi cinema history, she said positively.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/591102/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4|title='মুজিব' সিনেমাটি শ্রেষ্ঠ চলচ্চিত্র বলে বিবেচিত হবে: শেখ হাসিনা|trans-title=The movie 'Mujib' will be considered as the best movie: Sheikh Hasina|date=23 March 2022|language=bn|newspaper=[[The Daily Ittefaq]]|access-date=23 May 2022|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601031105/https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/591102/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4|url-status=live}}</ref>

After watching the film, [[Bidisha Ershad]] praised it and expressed her interest in producing a film on the biography of her husband, former President of Bangladesh [[Hossain Mohammad Ershad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntvbd.com/entertainment/news-1301553|title='মুজিব' দেখে মুগ্ধ বিদিশা, বানাতে চান এরশাদের বায়োপিক|language=bn|date=21 October 2023|access-date=22 October 2023|website=[[NTV (Bangladeshi TV channel)|NTV]]}}</ref>

===Director===
[[File:Shyam Benegal Indian director and screenwriter at International Film Festival of Kerala 2016 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Shyam Benegal]], one of three Indian directors proposed to film committee.]]
Though it was decided to make a film about Bangabandhu, the news of proposing the names of three Indian directors as the director of the film made many Bangladeshis unhappy.<ref name=tele/> Some famous film related figures of Bangladesh criticized it. Among the critics were [[Gias Uddin Selim]], [[Farooque]],<ref name=bdnews24/> Mahmud Didar and [[Khijir Hayat Khan]]. [[Nasiruddin Yousuff]] thinks that it would have been better if the director of the film was [[Bangladeshi]].<ref name=editing/> [[Abul Hayat]] and [[Toukir Ahmed]] were positive in this regard. However, [[Shyam Benegal]] pointed out that the biopic of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], the father of the Indian nation, was made by a foreigner.<ref name=slim/> On the other hand, [[Kaushik Ganguly]] thinks it is a simple matter because Bangabandhu is like [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] who is the wealth of both [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].{{efn|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] is the national poet of [[Bangladesh]] who was born in [[India]], a neighboring country of Bangladesh.}}<ref name=director/> According to [[Syed Borhan Kabir]], Benegal was a talented director in his early life but it is not possible for him to give any good films in this era.<ref name=borhan/>

===Casting===
Although [[Jannatul Sumaiya Heme]]'s name was on the list published by BFDC, the director did not include her name on his own list. She complained that her name should not have been excluded without informing. However, [[Mohammad Hossain Jaimy]], the line producer of the film, claimed that he did not call her because Heme's name was not in the final list given to him.<ref name=himi>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2021/01/22/199738/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF|script-title=bn:অজানা কারণে বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক থেকে বাদ হিমি|trans-title=Himi was left out of Bangabandhu's biopic for unknown reasons|language=bn|date=22 January 2021|access-date=14 September 2022|website=Dhakatimes24.com|archive-date=17 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017054546/https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2021/01/22/199738/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jyotika Jyoti]] complained on social media that although she was selected for acting twice, she was dropped due to corruption in the Bangladesh part of the production team. Jyotika Jyoti also said that when he contacted [[Shyam Benegal]] to find out why he was dropped, he informed her that since he was told that she was busy with other work, he dropped her.<ref name=jyoti>{{cite web|url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2022-03-18/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF|title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' বায়োপিক থেকে বাদ, কারণ জানালেন জ্যোতি|date=18 March 2022|language=bn|website=Somoy TV|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=18 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318114508/https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2022-03-18/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF|url-status=live}}</ref> After the release of the trailer of the film, Shuvoo received negative response. The trailer captured his weak performance which the people of Bangladesh could not accept. As a reaction of Shuvoo's excuse for the trailer, [[Sohana Saba]] trolled him on Facebook about his performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dhakamail.com/entertainment/18327|title='মুজিব' বায়োপিক: শুভকে উপহাস করলেন সোহানা সাবা|trans-title='Mujib' biopic: Sohana Saba mocks Shubo|language=bn|date=24 May 2022|access-date=8 September 2022|website=Dhakamail.com|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908151540/https://dhakamail.com/entertainment/18327|url-status=live}}</ref> Columnist Deepak Chowdhury criticised the casting of Shuvoo and Tisha in the film.<ref name=deepak/> Columnist Syed Borhan Kabir criticized casting process of the film. In particular, he criticised Arifin Shuvoo and considered him to be only suitable for acting in romantic films.<ref name=borhan>{{cite web|url=https://www.ppbd.news/open-views/147135|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক: উৎকণ্ঠা, অস্বস্তি এবং লজ্জা|trans-title=Biopic of Bangabandhu: Anxiety, Discomfort and Shame|language=bn|author=Syed Borhan Kabir|date=6 March 2020|access-date=9 September 2022|website=Ppbd.news|archive-date=6 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306153004/https://www.ppbd.news/open-views/147135|url-status=live}}</ref>

===First trailer===
{{external media
| float = right
| caption = First trailer video for Mujib: The Making of a Nation
| headerimage = [[File:YouTube 2024.svg|alt=YouTube logo|x20px|left]]
| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=givLtqsybMo Mujib - The Making of a Nation]
}}
After the upload of the film's first trailer, it got mixed reaction among the people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/editorial-subeditorial/article/2205112624/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুকে নিয়ে চলচ্চিত্রের ট্রেলার ও কিছু প্রশ্ন|author=Sheikh Adnan Fahad|language=bn|date=23 May 2022|newspaper=Daily Samakal|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522214842/https://samakal.com/editorial-subeditorial/article/2205112624/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8|url-status=live}}</ref> The trailer was criticised for many issues. [[Hashibur Reza Kallol]], a filmmaker, criticised the trailer.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=366942|title=Why some people are upset seeing only trailer, asks Shyam Benegal|date=22 May 2022|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]]|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531081144/https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=366942|url-status=live}}</ref> But Kingshuk Chaterjee, a history professor from the [[University of Calcutta]], hinted that it is normal because even ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' and ''[[Jinnah (film)|Jinnah]]'' could not escape criticism.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/movie-trailer-on-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-runs-into-criticism/cid/1866312|title=Movie trailer on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman runs into criticism|date=22 May 2022|first=Devadeep|last=Purohit|website=The Telegraph|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191457/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/movie-trailer-on-sheikh-mujibur-rahman-runs-into-criticism/cid/1866312|url-status=live}}</ref> Contrary to criticism of the trailer, director [[Shyam Benegal]] said that it is inappropriate to react only by watching the trailer without watching the entire film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/world-cinema/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|script-title=bn:ট্রেলার বিতর্ক: যা বললেন শ্যাম বেনেগাল|date=22 May 2022|language=bn|newspaper=Prothom Alo|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522220204/https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/world-cinema/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sohanur Rahman Sohan]] supported him.<ref name=support>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.dhakatribune.com/entertainment/2022/05/24/1653390636211|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক: ট্রেইলারেই দর্শকদের হতাশার পাহাড়|language=bn|date=24 May 2022|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=6 June 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191457/https://bangla.dhakatribune.com/entertainment/2022/05/24/1653390636211|url-status=live}}</ref> A section of viewers complained that there were many historical mistakes in the trailer. Scriptwriter [[Sadhana Ahmed]] refuted the allegations and told ''[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]'' that there was no danger of a historical mistake in the film.<ref name=sadhana/> Columnist Deepak Chowdhury thinks that if people watch this trailer, they may lose interest in watching the film.<ref name=deepak>{{cite news|url=https://www.amadershomoy.com/opinion/article/5278/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8|title='মুজিব বায়োপিক' হতে হবে সর্বকালের সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ বাঙালির মতোই শ্রেষ্ঠ|trans-title=‘Mujib Biopic’ has to be the best like the greatest Bengali of all time|language=bn|first=Deepak|last=Chowdhury|date=27 May 2022|access-date=12 July 2022|newspaper=[[Amader Shomoy]]|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816191459/https://www.amadershomoy.com/nirbacitokolam/article/5278/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8|url-status=live}}</ref> Bahauddin Khelon, one of the casting directors of the film, agreed that the trailer has some problem.<ref name=vfx/>

When people in Bangladesh criticized the trailer of Mujib, [[Arifin Shuvoo]] said that the trailer is not official. However, the country's Information Minister [[Hasan Mahmud (politician)|Hasan Mahmud]] denied it on May 25 and confirmed about its officiality.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=4483|title='মুজিব'র ট্রেলার: তথ্যমন্ত্রী বললেন অফিশিয়াল|date=25 May 2022|language=bn|newspaper=Manabzamin|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526165551/https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=4483|url-status=live}}</ref> The director said in an interview on May 26 that the trailer was made before the film's production was completed and another trailer will be released later. He also wanted to make it clear that he is more interested in calling it a teaser than a movie trailer. He also indirectly acknowledged the flaws in the trailer.<ref name=error>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/745126/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF|first=Ranjan|last=Basu|language=bn|script-title=bn:যেটা কানে গেছে সেটাকে 'মুজিব'র 'ট্রেলার' বলতে রাজি নই: শ্যাম বেনেগাল|website=Bangla Tribune|access-date=28 May 2022|archive-date=28 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528220504/https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/745126/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Politics===
Jawad Antu of ''[[Somoy TV]]'' thinks that since Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the idol of [[Bangladesh Awami League]], a group of people in Bangladesh have unreasonably criticized its trailer, thinking it is a propaganda film of the political party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2022-05-21/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধু বায়োপিক: সমালোচনা হওয়া উচিত গঠনমূলক|trans-title=Bangabandhu biopic: Criticism should be constructive|language=bn|first=Jawad|last=Antu|date=21 May 2022|access-date=9 September 2022|website=Somoynews.tv|publisher=[[Somoy TV]]|archive-date=9 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909094516/https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2022-05-21/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Deep Halder of ''[[ThePrint]]'', Sheikh Hasina released the hastily produced film to impress the citizens for the [[2024 Bangladeshi general election]] which will not actually help her in politics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/shyam-benegals-hasty-film-on-bangladeshs-mujib-wont-help-sheikh-hasina-win-2024-polls/1689813/|title=Shyam Benegal's hasty film on Bangladesh's Mujib won't help Sheikh Hasina win 2024 polls|first=Deep|last=Halder|date=28 July 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[ThePrint]]|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923070831/https://theprint.in/opinion/shyam-benegals-hasty-film-on-bangladeshs-mujib-wont-help-sheikh-hasina-win-2024-polls/1689813/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Historicity===
Film personality Mir Shamsul Alam Babu pointed that while the second trailer showed the present Arts faculty building of [[Dhaka University]], it was in the area of [[Dhaka Medical College Hospital]] in 1947. He found discrepancies between the scenes of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's return to his homeland in 1972 shown in the film with the historical account. Although [[Bangabandhu Memorial Museum|Bangabandhu's residence]] had only two rooms in 1961, the trailer shows Mujib's family entering the entire two-story building. In the trailer, the scene of students being shot in front of Dhaka University's arts faculty during the [[Bengali language movement]] on 21 February 1952, but according to history, the shooting did not happen then, but happened hours later.<ref name="Mitul"/>

==Release==
===Marketing===
[[File:Défilé tapis rouge 17 mai 2022.jpg|thumb|[[2022 Cannes Film Festival|75th Cannes Film Festival]]]]
On 19 May 2022, the trailer for the film was shown at the pavilion reserved for India in [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.dhakatribune.com/entertainment/2022/05/19/1652982745212|script-title=bn:প্রকাশিত হলো 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' সিনেমার ট্রেলার|date=19 May 2022|language=bn|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520053359/https://bangla.dhakatribune.com/entertainment/2022/05/19/1652982745212|url-status=live}}</ref> Viewers in the pavilion praised the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/598289/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%95|title='মুজিব' সিনেমার ট্রেলার নিয়ে এবার মুখ খুললেন নায়ক শুভ|date=23 May 2022|language=bn|newspaper=Daily Ittefaq|access-date=23 May 2022|archive-date=23 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523131435/https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/598289/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%95|url-status=live}}</ref> A week before the film's release in Bangladesh, the music video of its only original song was released on YouTube. The audience appreciated the song.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/music/news/bangabandhu-biopic-mujib-drops-its-only-song-ahead-release-3436226|title=Bangabandhu biopic 'Mujib' drops its only song ahead of release|date=6 October 2023|access-date=8 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=10 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010114824/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/music/news/bangabandhu-biopic-mujib-drops-its-only-song-ahead-release-3436226|url-status=live}}</ref> A folk song used in the film was then uploaded online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-811422/|script-title=bn:এলো বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকের দ্বিতীয় গান|language=bn|date=10 October 2023|access-date=10 October 2023|website=Sarabangla.net|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011110130/https://sarabangla.net/post/sb-811422/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its lead actor Arifin Shuvoo visited [[Gulshan Thana|Gulshan]] on 9 October 2023 to promote the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.shomoyeralo.com/details.php?id=239667|title='মুজিব' প্রচারণায় আরিফিন শুভ|language=bn|date=10 October 2023|access-date=11 October 2023|newspaper=Shomoyer Alo|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011110130/https://www.shomoyeralo.com/details.php?id=239667|url-status=live}}</ref> The day before the film's release in Bangladesh, the [[Bangladesh Chhatra League]] announced that it would take over the promotion of the film in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jamuna.tv/news/487596|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' দেখতে নেতাকর্মীদের আহ্বান জানালো ছাত্রলীগ|language=bn|date=12 October 2023|access-date=13 October 2023|website=[[Jamuna Television]]|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013013701/https://jamuna.tv/news/487596|url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, the film continued to be promoted in India before its release.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/entertainment/news/702091|script-title=bn:ভারতজুড়ে 'মুজিব' চলচ্চিত্রের প্রচার শুরু|language=bn|date=21 October 2023|access-date=22 October 2023|newspaper=[[Janakantha]]}}</ref>

===Screening===
A screening of the film was organized by Bangladesh Chhatra League on 19 October 2023 at [[Jagannath University]] in the presence of [[Md. Imdadul Hoque]], vice chancellor of the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/328517/mujib-the-making-of-a-nation-premiers-at-ju|title='Mujib: The Making of a Nation' premiers at JU|first=Md Ashibul Islam|last=Rifat|date=20 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184743/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/328517/mujib-the-making-of-a-nation-premiers-at-ju|url-status=live}}</ref> A public screening of the film was organized at government auditorium in [[Barura Upazila]], Comilla district for a day at the initiative of Bangladesh Awami League on 20 October 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/663818/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|script-title=bn:কুমিল্লায় 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' সিনেমার উন্মুক্ত প্রদর্শনী|language=bn|date=21 October 2023|access-date=22 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Ittefaq]]}}</ref> Another public screening of the film was organized at [[Modhuban Cineplex]] in Bogra district for a week at the party initiative from the same day.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/bogura-gears-week-long-free-screening-mujib-the-making-nation-3448926|title=Bogura gears up for week-long free screening of 'Mujib: The Making of a Nation'|date=21 October 2023|access-date=22 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref>

===Theatrical release===
This [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film was planned to be dubbed in English and [[Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87/a-56814196|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিকের শুটিং চলছে পুরোদমে|language=bn|date=9 March 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526210020/https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87/a-56814196|url-status=live}}</ref> Its original release date was 17 March 2020.<ref name=original/> Then keeping the day and month fixed, the year of its release is set back by 1 year and 2 years respectively, but was later postponed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/english/online/entertainment/2019/04/03/20941|title=Film on Bangabandhu to be released by March 2021: Benegal|date=3 April 2019|access-date=8 September 2022|newspaper=[[Kaler Kantho]]|archive-date=8 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908083225/https://www.kalerkantho.com/english/online/entertainment/2019/04/03/20941|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=somoy>{{cite web|url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2022-03-14/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95|title='বঙ্গবন্ধু' বায়োপিক মুক্তির তারিখ পেছাচ্ছে|date=14 March 2022|language=bn|website=Somoy News|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531071227/https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2022-03-14/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 3, 2022, it was forecasted by [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] that the film would be released in September of the same year,<ref name=newposter>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%C2%A0/1354046|title='মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' মুক্তির নতুন তারিখ ঘোষণা|date=5 May 2022|language=bn|website=Ekushey TV|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522211906/https://www.ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%C2%A0/1354046|url-status=live}}</ref> but postponed due to the [[#First trailer|trailer controversy]].<ref name=editing/>

In September 6, during Sheikh Hasina's four-day state visit to India, [[Arindam Bagchi]], the [[Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs (India)|spokesperson of Indian Ministry of External Affairs]], said that the film's release date has not been set but he expects it to be released by the end of 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/09/07/india-pm-hasina-to-see-film-on-bangabandhu-before-formal-release|title=India: PM Hasina to see film on Bangabandhu before formal release|date=7 September 2022|access-date=11 September 2022|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907090949/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/09/07/india-pm-hasina-to-see-film-on-bangabandhu-before-formal-release|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 July 2023, [[Bangladesh Film Censor Board]] gave uncut censor certificate to the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bssnews.net/bangla/national/100613|script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার' সেন্সর সনদ পেয়েছে|language=bn|date=1 August 2023|access-date=9 September 2023|newspaper=[[Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha]]|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002052902/https://www.bssnews.net/bangla/national/100613|url-status=live}}</ref> On 20 September 2023, Hasan Mahmud said that the government is planning to release the film in the month of October in the country.<ref name=september>{{cite web|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/660257/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87|script-title=bn:অপেক্ষা করুন, বিএনপি থেকে আরও অনেকেই চলে আসবে: তথ্যমন্ত্রী|language=bn|date=20 September 2023|access-date=21 September 2023|website=[[The Daily Ittefaq]]|archive-date=27 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927092321/https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/660257/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 30 September 2023, it was confirmed from the [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] that it will release in India on 27 October 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/mujib-the-making-nation-announces-release-date-3431131|title='Mujib: The Making of a Nation' announces release date|work=The Daily Star|date=30 September 2023|access-date=1 October 2023|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222447/https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/mujib-the-making-nation-announces-release-date-3431131|url-status=live}}</ref> On the first day of October, it was known that the film will release in Bangladesh in 13th of the same month.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/news-519211|title='মুজিব' বায়োপিক বাংলাদেশে মুক্তি ১৩ অক্টোবর|language=bn|date=1 October 2023|access-date=1 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002124415/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/entertainment/news-519211|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jaaz Multimedia]] became the nationwide distributor of the film and revealed that it will be released in 153 cinemas in the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://samakal.com/health/article/2310199062/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC|script-title=bn:দেশের রেকর্ড সংখ্যক হলে মুক্তি পাচ্ছে 'মুজিব'|language=bn|date=1 October 2023|access-date=3 October 2023|newspaper=[[Samakal]]|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004122048/https://samakal.com/health/article/2310199062/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC|url-status=live}}</ref> The film premiered on 12 October 2023 at the [[Bangladesh Film Archive]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news-522626|script-title=bn:ইতিহাসের অনেক অজানা তথ্য উন্মোচন করবে মুজিব বায়োপিক: প্রধানমন্ত্রী|language=bn|date=12 October 2023|access-date=12 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=12 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012145853/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news-522626|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day the film was released in the movie theaters of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/1204798.details|script-title=bn:মুক্তি পেল 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার'|language=bn|date=13 October 2023|access-date=13 October 2023|website=[[Banglanews24.com]]|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013184544/https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/1204798.details|url-status=live}}</ref> In 16 October, the number of movie theaters showing the film increased to 161.<ref name=hall>{{cite news|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/663322/%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A7|script-title=bn:৯৭ শতাংশ হাউসফুল, হল বেড়ে ১৬১|language=bn|date=17 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[The Daily Ittefaq]]|archive-date=18 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018043810/https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/663322/%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A7|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 20 October 2023, the film was showing in 164 movie theaters in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somoynews.tv/news/2023-10-20/6xGYt69V|script-title=bn:রেকর্ডের পর রেকর্ড গড়ছে 'মুজিব' বায়োপিক!|language=bn|first=Snayana|last=Bristy|date=20 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|website=[[Somoy TV]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184742/https://mb.moatads.com/n.js?e=35&ol=1278175920&qn=%604%7BZEYwoqI%24%5BK%2BdLLU)%2CMm~tQSY.%5BMhS%3A15.snxNz3%2B1bmlLntoDUj%7B!%3CFeid%5BOV%7C%2B2x%3D(%3Ce7%25%7DSlx%3Am4%2C..8WLdA1%3BxTiWio8bYLaXBjA%3AmQ)%3CF!tAbjrzJ%3BgoVYGVxc%40lQQV%23tc3%2Fh%7C%3FVKV%3BaBgS%3F%2BWx%3Ba5%2F%5BGI%3F4YtmN%3Dn%3Cy)j%3BG%24%7D%23%2F8YCC2J.bq!CASw%5EXm0okt%24b_o%3FtVD%5D%5BpN%7CQF%40Sy7%7B%2CNr1U*%26ujMUU8fvb%26%22B&tf=1_nMzjG---CSa7H-nHVQZC-bW7qhB-LRwqH-nMzjG-&vi=111111&rc=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C1%2C0%2C0%2Cprobably%2Cprobably&rb=1-V4906bDFBj7g4pVV8xztRIWnSYK6kwU2JeJbBer2APsOGgK%2Ftq%2F3Cytr&rs=1-QHLFnnZuO2x%2BSA%3D%3D&sc=1&os=1-rw%3D%3D&qp=00000&is=BBBBB2BBEYBvGl2BBCBBtUTBBRmsqbKW8BsrBu0rCFE48CRBeeBS2hWTMBBQeQBBn2soYggyUig0CBlWZ0uBBCCCCCCOgRBBiOfnE6Bkg7OxCb8MxOtJYHCBdm5kBhBBC9Y8oBXckXBR76iUUsJBCBBBBBBBBBWBSqj3BBBZeGV2BBBCMciUBBBjgEBBBBBB94UMgTdJMtEcpMBBBQBBBniOccBBBBBB47kNBBBBBBBBBBBBBhcjG6BBJM2L4Bk8BwCBQmIoRBBCzBz1BBCTClBBrbGBC4ehueB57NG9aJeRzBqEKiuwBBBB&iv=8&qt=0&gz=0&hh=0&hn=0&tw=&qc=0&qd=0&qf=1400&qe=900&qh=1400&qg=900&qm=0&qa=1400&qb=900&qi=1400&qj=900&to=000&po=1-0020002000002120&vy=ot%24b%5Bh%40%22oDgO%3DLlE6%3AYnIBMwqCf%5D)4%5Dz%2C%5B%26u9L%2F%2F%24b4%5DIAIbzbld%7Dt00%7Ca_BB%3FVxyEO%22zf4%5D%24cr16Zh5YigBghs%7ClTr1W*d%5B4kf%2FLyUoRdByZ%3C99Ks(I%7DY(T0c%7BDQ3MY.NjDby7p%26C&ql=&qo=0&qr=0&i=TRAVELAUDIENCE_DISPLAY1&hp=1&wf=1&ra=1&pxm=7&sgs=3&vb=13&kq=1&hq=0&hs=0&hu=0&hr=0&ht=0&dnt=0&bq=0&f=0&j=&t=1697827662068&de=111787319334&m=0&ar=0c7a73c5c3d-clean&iw=eaa0026&q=2&cb=0&ym=0&cu=1697827662068&ll=2&lm=0&ln=1&r=0&em=0&en=0&d=30000487%3A50005204%3A60023909%3A70014673&zMoatSSP=0&zMoatDeal=-1&zMoatSubdomain=somoynews.tv&zMoatIMPID=tic-XnLybsurYTxOLfGUjoGYyZ4-N5kG7e1kyA&zMoatGSR=1&ph=&pj=standard&zGSRC=1&gu=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.somoynews.tv%2Fnews%2F2023-10-20%2F6xGYt69V&id=1&ii=4&bo=da8fa4e419191dc933107d9eea22aa64.safeframe.googlesyndication.com&bd=300x250&zMoatOrigSlicer1=da8fa4e419191dc933107d9eea22aa64.safeframe.googlesyndication.com&zMoatOrigSlicer2=300x250&zMoatDomain=somoynews.tv&gw=travel198849194933&fd=1&it=500&ti=0&ih=2&pe=1%3A2417%3A2417%3A0%3A2344&jk=-1&jm=-1&fs=205668&na=1026604968&cs=0&ord=1697827662068&jv=601145467&callback=DOMlessLLDcallback_1419789|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Audiences===
97% movie theaters in Bangladesh were house full on the first day of the film's release.<ref name=hall/> According to a report published by ''The Business Post'', the audience feedback about the film at [[Star Cineplex]] on the first day of its release was positive.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://businesspostbd.com/entertainment/on-big-screen-moviegoers-find-new-way-to-appreciate-bangabandhu-in-biopic|title=On big screen, moviegoers find new way to appreciate Bangabandhu in biopic|date=14 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=The Business Post|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184732/https://businesspostbd.com/entertainment/on-big-screen-moviegoers-find-new-way-to-appreciate-bangabandhu-in-biopic|url-status=live}}</ref> According to a news article of ''[[Kaler Kantho]]'' published on 15 October 2023, movie theaters in urban Dhaka were satisfied with the audience numbers of the film, but [[Lion Cinemas]] showed the opposite.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2023/10/15/1327164|script-title=bn:হলমুখী দর্শক, ভালো চলছে বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক|language=bn|date=15 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[Kaler Kantho]]|archive-date=16 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016090932/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2023/10/15/1327164|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to the city, the film also received great interest from the audience in the rural areas of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/729995/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|script-title=bn:গ্রামের সিনেমা হলেও সাড়া ফেলছে 'মুজিব: একটি জাতির রূপকার'|language=bn|date=17 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[Jugantor]]|archive-date=18 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018070724/https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/729995/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the report of ''Dhaka Times'', most of the movie theaters were houseful on the first two days of the film's release and the next three days saw a fair number of viewers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2023/10/19/327612|script-title=bn:দর্শক টানছে 'মুজিব, হল মালিকরা বলছেন, 'প্রত্যাশা অনুযায়ী গুড গোয়িং'|language=bn|first=Liton|last=Mahmud|date=19 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=Dhaka Times|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184750/https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2023/10/19/327612|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
According to film personalities and critics, the film has some flaws and shortcomings but they have praised the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/entertainment/404966|script-title=bn:মুগ্ধতা ছড়াচ্ছে বঙ্গবন্ধুর বায়োপিক|language=bn|first=Saju|last=Ahmed|date=19 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[Jaijaidin]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184736/https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/entertainment/404966|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Rajib Kanti Roy of ''[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]]'', it is a film worth watching, if not extraordinary. He praised its screenplay, background music, soundtracks and actors' performances, but criticized the VFX and make-up used for the actors. According to him, the film uses some historical footage that make it an incomplete feature film. According to him, Nusrat Faria and Riaz have failed to portray the characters of Sheikh Hasina and Tajuddin Ahmed. He also called the child actor who played the role of [[Sheikh Russel]] unsuitable for the role.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/718031|title=Mujib: The Making of a Nation / A rich amalgam of Bangabandhu's personal and political life|first=Rajib Kanti|last=Roy|date=20 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|newspaper=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020184734/https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/718031|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Box office===
The film received a roaring response at box office on its opening in Bangladesh, becoming one of the highest grossing film in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legendary Director Shyam Benegal gets standing ovation at a special screening of "Mujib: The Making Of A Nation" |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1971164 |website=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |access-date=2023-11-09}}</ref> The film grossed ৳36,319,920 in its first 8 days in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mujib: The Making of a Nation (2023) Budget, box office Collection, Plot |url=https://bollywoodcamera.com/mujib-the-making-of-a-nation-2023-budget-box-office-collection-plot-ott-release-and-many-more/ |website=Bollywood Camera |date=8 October 2023 |access-date=2023-11-05}}</ref> In the United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates, it grossed ৳1,722,458.<ref name='mojo'>{{Cite web |title=Mujib: The Making of a Nation (2023) |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt14407884/ |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref> In Australia, the film grossed ৳2,371,913.<ref name='mojo'/> The film is also listed as one of the highest earning Bangladeshi films at the US box office of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highest grossing Bangladeshi films at the US box office |url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?title_type=feature&countries=BD&sort=boxoffice_gross_us,desc |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>

===Lawsuit===
On 19 October 2023, Kaiser Kamal, Legal Affairs Secretary of [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] sent a legal notice to the court, accusing people associated with the film, including the director, of defaming former president [[Ziaur Rahman]] and [[Khaleda Zia|his wife]] by showing historically incorrect information in two scenes of the film, seeking to stop its screening. The notice also asked the accused to apologize to the nation by removing the scenes from the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/328473/legal-notice-seeks-ban-on-screening-of-%E2%80%98mujib-the|title=Legal notice seeks ban on screening of 'Mujib: The Making of a Nation'|date=19 October 2023|access-date=20 October 2023|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020185311/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/328473/legal-notice-seeks-ban-on-screening-of-%E2%80%98mujib-the|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* Audience Award - 22nd [[Dhaka International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=22nd Dhaka International Film Festival ends |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/223997/22nd-dhaka-international-film-festival-ends |website=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]] |date=2024-01-28}}</ref>
* Best Activities Award, 2024 - MMU International Expo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh wins award for movie 'Mujib: The Making of a Nation' |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/754901 |website=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |date=2024-06-27}}</ref>
* [[Meril-Prothom Alo Award for Best Film Actor|Best Actor]] Nomination - 25th [[Meril-Prothom Alo Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=bn:মেরিল-প্রথম আলো পুরস্কার ২০২৩: মনোনয়নপ্রাপ্ত সেরা আট |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/e6zq6d80h8 |website=Prothom Alo |date=25 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-25}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of artistic depictions of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
* [[Artistic depictions of the Bengali Language Movement]]
* [[Artistic depictions of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]
* [[List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi]]
* [[Cinema of Bangladesh]]
* [[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]]
* [[List of historical films set in Asia]]
* [[Shyam Benegal filmography]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{BMDb title|movie/1700}}
* {{IMDb title|id=14407884}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=The Emergence of Bangladesh: Interdisciplinary Perspectives|author=Habibul Khondoker|page=402|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-9811655203|year=2022}}
* {{cite web|title=Of biopic, Sheikh Mujib and Shyam Benegal|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/of-biopic-sheikh-mujib-and-shyam-benegal-1584026679|first=Shihab|last=Sarkar|date=12 March 2020|access-date=9 September 2022|website=Thefinancialexpress.com.bd}}
{{Shantanu Moitra}}
{{Shyam Benegal}}
{{Sheikh Mujibur Rahman}}
{{Subject bar|d=y|d-search=Q105531499|portal1=Film|portal2=Bangladesh|portal3=India}}

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Persis Khambatta

2026-03-09T04:28:53Z

Palashkhanra73: New the pg w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian model and actress (1948–1998)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Persis Khambatta
| image = Persis_Khambatta.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Persis Khambatta in 1978
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|10|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1998|08|18|1948|10|02|df=y}}
| death_place = Bombay, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model|beauty pageant}}
| competitions = [[Miss India]] 1965 (Winner) [[Miss Universe 1965]] (Unplaced)
| years_active = 1968–1998
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Cliff Taylor|1981|1981|end=divorced}}
* [[Rui Saldanha]] (1989–?)
}}
}}

'''Persis Khambatta''' (2 October 1948 – 18 August 1998) was an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder best remembered for playing Lieutenant Ilia in the feature film ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'' (1979).

==Biography==
===Early life and family===
Persis Khambatta was born in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] to a middle-class [[Parsi]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-persis-khambatta-1172804.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-persis-khambatta-1172804.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Obituary: Persis Khambatta |website=[[The Independent]] |date=23 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Those Nights in Nairobi |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/those-nights-in-nairobi/290794 |publisher=[[Outlook India]] |date=2 June 2014 |first=Pranay |last=Sharma}}</ref> Her father left her family when she was two years old.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Reilly |first=Sue |date=January 1980 |title=To the Top |journal=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> She first gained fame when a set of her pictures casually taken by a well-known Bombay photographer{{who|date=March 2013}} was used for a successful campaign for a popular soap brand. This eventually led to her becoming a model. She entered and won the [[Miss India]] contest in 1965. She was the second winner of Miss India and third Indian woman to participate in the [[Miss Universe]] pageant. At the Miss India contest, she also won the Miss Photogenic award.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title='Star Trek' Actress Persis Khambatta, 49 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5AxbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SU4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5217,917115&dq=persis+khambata+miss+india |department=Obituaries |newspaper=[[Bangor Daily News]] |date=20 August 1998 |page=B7 |access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref>

===Modelling and acting career===
Khambatta's first appearance at the age of 13 in advertisements for the soap brand [[Rexona]] set her on her way to becoming a popular model. At the age of 16, as [[Miss India]], Khambatta entered [[Miss Universe 1965]] in July of that year, dressed in off-the-rack clothes she bought at the last minute. She became a model for companies such as [[Air India]], [[Revlon]], and Garden Vareli.

Khambatta made her [[Bollywood]] début in director [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas|K. A. Abbas]]'s ''[[Bambai Raat Ki Bahon Mein]]'' (1968),<ref>{{cite news |title=Persis Khambatta, 49, dies |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/Storyold/47402/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 August 1998 |access-date=2 May 2013}}</ref> playing cabaret singer Lily who croons the film's title track. She had small roles in ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]'' and ''[[The Wilby Conspiracy]]'' (both 1975). She went on to have a brief movie career that included the role for which she is most recognized, the bald Deltan navigator [[Ilia (Star Trek)#I|Lieutenant Ilia]], in ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'' (1979). She shaved her head for the role. She was originally signed to play the role for five years, as the intention was to create a [[Star Trek: Phase II|new ''Star Trek'' television series]]. Khambatta said that she was thrilled when the project became a movie instead, because it would have greater impact on her career, but she also recognised that she had lost five years' work.<ref>{{cite journal |date=January 1999 |title=Star Trek The Motion Picture: Remembering Persis Khambatta and Lt. Ilia |url=http://trekweb.com/articles/2010/02/23/Star-Trek-The-Motion-Picture-Remembering-Persis-Khambatta-and-Lt-Ilia.shtml |url-status=dead |journal=Star Trek Communicator |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111215550/http://trekweb.com/articles/2010/02/23/Star-Trek-The-Motion-Picture-Remembering-Persis-Khambatta-and-Lt-Ilia.shtml |archive-date=11 November 2013 |access-date=7 October 2014}}</ref> Khambatta became the first Indian citizen to present an [[52nd Academy Awards|Academy Award]] in 1980. She was nominated for the [[Saturn Award]] for Best Actress for her role in ''[[Star Trek]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Persis Khambatta, First Indian Actress To Present At The Academy Awards |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/persis-khambatta-the-actress-who-became-the-first-indian-presenter-at-the-oscars/articleshow/127046897.html |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=Indiatimes |language=en}}</ref> This led to roles in ''[[Nighthawks (1981 film)|Nighthawks]]'' (1981), ''[[Megaforce]]'' (1982), ''[[Warrior of the Lost World]]'' (1983), and ''[[She-Wolves of the Wasteland]]'' (1988). She was considered for the title role in the James Bond film ''[[Octopussy (film)|Octopussy]]'' (1983), but was passed over in favor of [[Maud Adams]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Co-star [[Stephen Collins]] described Khambatta in ''Star Trek'' as "a very gentle person, who I think was a little overwhelmed by Hollywood".<ref name="boldnewenterprise">{{Cite AV media |title=A Bold New Enterprise: The Making of Star Trek: The Motion Picture}}</ref> In 1980, she was seriously injured in a car crash in [[West Germany]], which left a huge scar on her head. In 1983, she underwent [[coronary artery bypass surgery]]. She returned to Bombay in 1985, and appeared in the 1986 [[Hindi]] movie ''Shingora'' opposite [[Aditya Pancholi]] and [[Marc Zuber]]. Soon after, Khambatta returned to Hollywood and performed in guest roles on various television series such as ''[[Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1984 TV series)|Mike Hammer]]'' and ''[[MacGyver (1985 TV series)|MacGyver]]''. In 1997, she wrote and published a [[coffee table book]], ''Pride of India'', which featured several former Miss India winners. The book was dedicated to [[Mother Teresa]], and part of the royalties went to the [[Missionaries of Charity]]. Her final appearance in an acting role was that of Chair of the Congress of Nations in the 1993 pilot episode of ''[[Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman]]''.

===Personal life and death===
Khambatta was first married to actor Cliff Taylor. In May 1989 she married [[Rui Saldanha]], a former [[field hockey]] player who represented [[Great Britain men's national field hockey team|Great Britain]] at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="connelly">{{cite book |last1=Connelly |first1=Sherilyn |title=Presenting Persis Khambatta: From Miss India to Star Trek--The Motion Picture and Beyond |date=2021 |publisher=McFarland |page=155}}</ref> The ceremony took place at the [[Polk County Courthouse (Iowa)|Polk County Courthouse]] in [[Des Moines, Iowa]], where Saldanha worked as a representative of the [[New York Life Insurance Company]].<ref name="connelly" />

Khambatta was a [[chain smoking|chain smoker]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/persis-khambatta-model-actor-star-trek/299548/ |title=Persis Khambatta — the bold model-actor who went bald for Star Trek |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=2 October 2019}}</ref> In 1998, she was taken to the Marine Hospital in south [[Mumbai]], complaining of chest pains, and she died of a massive heart attack on 18 August 1998 at the age of 49.<ref name="NYTobit">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/20/arts/persis-khambatta-movie-actress-49.html |title=Persis Khambatta, Movie Actress, 49: Obituary |access-date=15 September 2010 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 August 1998}}</ref> Her funeral was held in Mumbai the following day.<ref name="NYTobit" />

==Filmography==

===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1966
| ''[[Pinjre Ke Panchhi]]''
| Amy
|
|-
| 1968
| ''[[Bambai Raat Ki Bahon Mein]]''
| Lily / Leela
|
|-
| 1969
| ''Kamasutra - Vollendung der Liebe''
| Nanda
|
|-
| 1975
| ''{{sortname|The|Wilby Conspiracy}}''
| Persis Ray
|
|-
| 1975
| ''[[Conduct Unbecoming (1975 film)|Conduct Unbecoming]]''
| Mrs. Bandanai
|
|-
| 1979
| ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]''
| [[Ilia (Star Trek)|Ilia]]
|
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Nighthawks (1981 film)|Nighthawks]]''
| Shakka Holland
|
|-
| 1982
| ''[[Megaforce]]''
| Zara
|
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Warrior of the Lost World]]''
| Nastasia
|
|-
| 1985
| ''First Strike''
| Sylvia Kruger
|
|-
| 1987
| ''Jazira''
| Unknown Role
| Video
|-
| 1988
| ''[[She-Wolves of the Wasteland]]''
| "Cobalt"
| aka ''Phoenix the Warrior''
|-
| 1988
| ''Deadly Intent''
| Francesca Slate
| Video
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1977
| ''{{sortname|The|Man with the Power|nolink=1}}''
| Princess Siri
| TV film
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Casablanca (1983 TV series)|Casablanca]]''
| Muslim Woman
| "Divorce Casablanca Style"
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Hunter (1984 American TV series)|Hunter]]''
| Dhari Ziad
| "62 Hrs. of Terror"
|-
| 1986
| ''[[MacGyver (1985 TV series)|MacGyver]]''
| Zia
| "To Be a Man"
|-
| 1986
| ''Shingora''
| Roma Sinha
| TV film
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1984 TV series)|Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer]]''
| Shandra
| "A Blinding Fear"
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman]]''
| Chairperson
| "Pilot"
|-
| 1998
| ''Not a Nice Man to Know''
| Guest
| (final appearance)
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* ''The Globe'': 10 November 1998
* ''Beverly Hills [213]'' magazine: November 1998
* ''[[New York Post]]'': 20 October 1998

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{TV Guide person|3000242634}}

{{Miss Universe 1965 delegates}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khambatta, Persis}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Parsi people]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi people from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Femina Miss India winners]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Miss Universe 1965 contestants]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:St. Bede's College, Shimla alumni]]

Amar Shaheed Bandhu Singh

2026-03-07T06:20:00Z

Palashkhanra73: new a bio.

{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2013}}

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Martyr
| native_name = Raja Saheb
| image = Amar Shaheed Bandhu Singh.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1833|5|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Dumari, [[Gorakhpur]]
| death_date = 12 August 1858
| death_place = [[Gorakhpur]], Dominion of India
| criminal_status = Executed by hanging
| resting_place = Shaheed Bandhu Singh Smarak, [[Gorakhpur]]
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|26.3911|N|82.3216|E|display=inline}}
| other_names = Bandhu Singh
| known_for = Freedom fighter, Indian revolutionary
| education =
| awards =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Amar Shaheed Bandhu Singh Shrinet''' was a prominent freedom fighter in eastern Uttar Pradesh who fought against the [[British Raj]] using [[Guerrilla warfare|Guerilla Warfare]].<ref name=Amin1995>{{cite book |last1=Amin |first1=Shahid |title=Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=137–140 |isbn=9780520087804 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pbYwDwAAQBAJ&q=bandhu+singh+1857}}</ref>

Bandhu Singh Ji was born on 1 May 1833 in a Shrinet Rajput [[Principality]] to Babu Shiv Prasad Singh of Dumari Riyasat. He was a devotee of Tarkulaha Devi. He was finally arrested by the British along with Shivgobind Chand of Chillupar, Gorakhpur. He was hanged publicly at Ali Nagar Chauraha in [[Gorakhpur]] on 12 August 1858. There is a month-long [[Mela]] (funfair) every year starting from Chaitra [[Ramnavami]] at the Tarkulaha Devi Temple. People from far-flung locations visit to shop for their annual requirements of [[garam masala]] and to enjoy the traditional ‘[[Nautanki]]’ (drama), Nag Kanya shows and small circuses.

==History==

He left the princely state and began living in an unknown location which was characterised by dense forests and the flowing Gurra river. Singh held great devotion to Tarkulaha Devi, the goddess whom he worshipped under a palm (tarkul) tree by the riverbank.

As British oppression grew, so did the unrest among Indians. Bandhu Singh, skilled in guerrilla warfare, became a symbol of defiance. He would ambush British officials passing through the forest, decapitate them, and offer their heads as a tribute at the feet of Tarkulaha Devi, his favored deity. He shook the very foundations of British rule, and is said to have killed the then British collector, even sitting on his chair afterward. This ritual symbolized his fight against colonial tyranny and was fueled by a profound sense of patriotism.

Initially, the British authorities were unaware of the exact cause behind their soldiers’ disappearances in the forest. However, it soon became clear that Bandhu Singh was behind these acts of rebellion. Despite exhaustive searches, the British struggled to capture him due to his mastery of guerrilla tactics.

His fierce demeanour alarmed the British, prompting them to dispatch forces from Banaras. The British set up their camp near Dumri village, but upon learning this, the local villagers raided and seized their weapons and ammunition. Enraged by this, the British set Dumri Khas village on fire, forcing the villagers to flee. Eventually, [[Surat Singh]]’s (Father of [[Sundar Singh Majithia]]) betrayal led to Singh’s arrest. In exchange Surat was awarded a pension of ₹4,800 per annum, and awarded a jagir in the Dumri Riyasath, Gorakhpur by the british government.

==Execution==

Bandhu Singh was sentenced to death by public hanging. The execution took place on August 12, 1858, at Ali Nagar Square in Gorakhpur. According to local lore, the British failed to hang him successfully six times. Bandhu Singh then invoked Tarkulha Devi in meditation and vowed for her blessing to face his fate. On the seventh attempt, the execution was successful, an act believed to have been sanctioned by the goddess herself.

==Memorials==

Over time, after independence, the memory of the martyr Bandhu Singh began to fade. However, his direct descendant, Senior Leader Late Shri Vinay Kumar Singh “Binnu”, established a committee Shaheed Bandhu Singh Smarak Samiti to ensure that his name was recorded in history. After Vinay Kumar Singh’s death, his younger brother, Shri Ajay Kumar Singh “Tappu”, continues the work of keeping Bandhu Singh’s legacy alive. To honour the sacrifice and valour of Shaheed Bandhu Singh, a memorial stands at the site of his martyrdom and in the grounds of Tarkulaha Devi temple as well (Shaheed Bandhu Singh Smarak). Today, the committee oversees several institutions and landmarks named in Bandhu Singh’s honour, including Shaheed Bandhu Singh PG College, Shaheed Bandhu Singh Girls’ Hostel, Shaheed Bandhu Singh Park, Shaheed Bandhu Singh Stadium, Shaheed Bandhu Singh Kisan Sewa Kendra, and various other facilities that commemorate his sacrifice and keep his memory alive. His story continues to inspire generations, symbolising resistance, bravery, and unwavering devotion to the cause of freedom.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.gorakhpurcityinfo.com/Gorakhpur-Resource/Tarkulhadevi.aspx
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328004157/http://www.gorakhpurcityinfo.com/Gorakhpur-Resource/Tarkulhadevi.aspx
|archive-date=2013-03-28
|title= Tarkulhadevi: Mata Tarkulha Devi
|website=Gorakhpur City Information
}}
*{{cite web
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/animal-sacrifice-at-this-temple-has-a-martyr-connection/story-zN850vVwQ8kX0pWym1u5QK.html
|title=Animal sacrifice at this temple has a martyr connection
|first=Abdul
|last=Jadid
|location=Gorakhpur
|website = [[Hindustan Times]]
|date=8 April 2017
}}
*{{cite book
|title=Thematizations of the Goddess in South Asian Cinema
|first=Utkarsh
|last=Chaubey
|chapter=Bandhu Singh ki Faansi: Maa Tarkulha Devi: The Goddess of a "Forgotten" Hero
|editor-first1= Anway
|editor-last1=Mukhopadhyay
|editor-first2=Shouvik Narayan
|editor-last2= Hore
|date=2022
|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing
}}
{{refend}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Amar Shahid Bandhu}}
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1857 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Gorakhpur]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]

Bevu Bella (1993 film)

2026-03-03T22:02:37Z

Palashkhanra73: new post.

{{short description|1993 film by S. Narayan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = August 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date = August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bevu Bella
| image = Bevu_Bella.jpg
| director = [[S. Narayan]]
| producer = J. Girija
| writer = S. Narayan
| starring = [[Jaggesh]] Ragini
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = P. K. H. Das
| editing = P. H. Eshwari Soundar Raj
| studio = Jyothi Krishna Movies
| runtime = 134 minutes
| released = {{Film date|1993}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Bevu Bella''''' ({{Translation|Bitter Sweet}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic action film]] written and directed by [[S. Narayan]]. The film was produced by J. Girija in the banner of Jyothi Krishna Movies. The film stars [[Jaggesh]] and Ragini [[Roopa Sree]] in the lead roles while Lokesh, Ajay Kumar, director S. Narayan himself, and Shobharaj essay other important characters. The film has a musical score by [[Hamsalekha]].

The title of the film is taken from the [[Bevu Bella (1963 film)|1963 film]] starring Uday Kumar.
The film opened to largely positive reviews and became a [[Blockbuster film|blockbuster]]. The film is considered to be one of the best films of director S. Narayan.

==Cast==
*[[Jaggesh]]
*[[Roopa Sree|Ragini]]
*[[Lokesh]]
*Ajay Kumar
*[[S. Narayan]]
*[[Shobharaj]]
*Janakamma
*[[Padma Kumta]]

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1=
| extra1=
}}

==Release==
''Bevu Bella'' received a positive response and became a big commercial success catapulting S. Narayan and Jaggesh to immense fame in the [[Kannada film industry]].

[[Jaggesh]] tweeted in [[Twitter]] that the film played a significant part in his life. He mentioned that the remuneration he got for the film helped him buy a piece of land in [[Malleshwaram]] and construct his dream house in [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaggesh shares his memories on Bevu Bella|url=https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gossip/actor-jaggesh-posts-his-movie-bevu-bella-memories-in-his-twitter/articleshow/69254082.cms}}</ref> Popular makeup artist Uma Maheshwar mentioned that in his initial struggling days he happened to meet Jaggesh and work in his films. In the process, he met senior make-up artist Mysore Venkatesh and happened to learn from him. He added that he received an amount of {{INR}}100 per day which was a huge amount as he used to work for just {{INR}}10 per day.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 July 2019|title=Uma Maheshwar opens|newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/from-the-streets-of-bengaluru-to-becoming-the-in-demand-makeup-artiste-of-kannada-cinema/article28733236.ece|accessdate=5 August 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{S. Narayan}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:1993 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Narayan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:1993 action drama films]]

Chairperson of ISRO

2026-03-03T13:04:45Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Short description|Indian government official}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Chairperson
| body = the Indian Space Research Organisation
| insignia = File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| nativename =
| image = DrVNarayanan ISROHQ 15012025.png
| alt =
| incumbent = [[V. Narayanan (engineer)|V. Narayanan]]
| incumbentsince = 14 January 2025
| residence =
| style =
| termlength =
| type = Chairman
| status = Head of [[ISRO]]
| reportsto = [[Prime Minister of India]]
| precursor = Chairman of [[Indian National Committee for Space Research]] & Secretary, Department of Space
| formation = 1963 (as chairman of [[INCOSPAR]])
| appointer = [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] of [[Government of India]]
| inaugural = [[Vikram Sarabhai]]
| salary = {{INRConvert|2.5|l}} {{small|(Monthly basic)}}<ref>{{Cite report|title=Report of the Seventh Central Pay Commission|date=November 2015|url=https://doe.gov.in/sites/default/files/7cpc_report_eng.pdf|journal=[[The Gazette of India]]|publisher=Department of Expenditure|access-date=2020-09-26}}</ref>
| website = [https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/chairman-isro-secretary-dos Chairman ISRO, Secretary DOS]
}}

The '''Chairperson of the Indian Space Research Organisation''' is the statutory head of [[ISRO]]. The officeholder is a secretary to the [[Government of India]] and an executive of the [[Department of Space]] (DoS) which directly reports to the [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Space commission|url=https://www.dos.gov.in/space-commission|website=Department of Space|access-date=2020-09-26|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811235812/https://www.dos.gov.in/space-commission|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Indian National Committee for Space Research]] (INCOSPAR) was founded in 1962 under the [[Department of Atomic Energy]] (DAE) with [[Vikram Sarabhai]] as its chairperson which in 1969 became ISRO.<ref name="mangalorean">{{cite web|url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=133606|title=Mangalorean.Com- Serving Mangaloreans Around The World!|publisher=mangalorean.com|access-date=2014-02-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222043145/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=133606|archive-date=2014-02-22}}</ref> In 1972, government of India had set up a space commission and DoS and brought ISRO under DoS.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/department-of-space-and-isro-hq |title=Department of Space and ISRO HQ - ISRO |access-date=2020-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328053630/https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/department-of-space-and-isro-hq |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since Sarabhai assumed the position, there have been eleven chairmen of the ISRO, with [[Satish Dhawan]] serving the longest term of 12 years as the chairman. Most of the chairmen have been [[South Indian]]s.

Recently on 8 January 2025, The Central Government has appointed Dr. [[V. Narayanan (engineer)|V. Narayanan]], currently the director of [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] (LPSC), [[Thiruvananthapuram]], as the new chairperson of ISRO, and also as the secretary of the DoS.<ref>{{cite web |title=V Narayanan to Lead ISRO: Succeeds S Somanath as New Chairman |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/science-technology/v-narayanan-to-lead-isro-succeeds-s-somanath-as-new-chairman |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref>

== List of chairpersons of ISRO ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:small"
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number | {{abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name {{small|(Lifespan)}}
! colspan="3" | Term
! class="unsortable" rowspan="2" | Ref(s)
|-
! Start
! End
! data-sort-type=value | Duration
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 1
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Dr Vikram Sarabhai ISRO.webp|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|Vikram|Sarabhai}} {{small|(1919–1971)}}
| {{dts|1963}}
| {{dts|1971}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="2920" | 8 years
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="isro">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/vsbhai.aspx|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Former Chairman :: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai - Introduction|publisher=isro.org|access-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114024252/http://isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/vsbhai.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2"| Founder of [[INCOSPAR]] and widely regarded as father of Indian space program. His efforts led to creation of Indian Space Research Organisation.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 2
| rowspan="2" | [[File:MGK Menon.webp|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|M. G. K.|Menon}} {{small|(1928–2016)}}
| {{dts|January 1972}}
| {{dts|September 1972}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="270" | 9 months
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="isro2">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/menon.aspx|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Former Cha
|publisher=isro.org|access-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211042639/http://isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/menon.aspx|archive-date=2014-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | He was notable mostly for his work on [[cosmic rays]] and [[particle physics]] particularly on the high-energy inter-actions of elementary particles.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 3
| rowspan="2"|[[File:S Dhawan official Portrait ISRO.webp|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|Satish|Dhawan}} {{small|(1920–2002)}}
| 1973
| 1984
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="4380" | 12 years
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="isro3">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/satishdhawan.aspx|title=Welcome To ISRO:ŖṢ★: Former Chairmen:: Prof Satish DhawanSatish Dhawan|publisher=isro.org|access-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211050819/http://isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/satishdhawan.aspx|archive-date=2014-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | Satish Dhawan is known for his work on fluid dynamics and his tenure as longest serving chief of ISRO. His era was marked by India attaining orbital launch capability in 1980 for the first time and start of [[INSAT]] program which became base for further development of spacecraft technologies.
|-
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type=number | 4
| rowspan="2" | [[File:U R Rao ISRO.webp|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|Udupi Ramachandra|Rao}} {{small|(1932–2017)}}
| {{dts|1984}}
| {{dts|1994}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="3650" | 10 years
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="isro4">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/urroa.aspx|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Former Chairman - Prof.Udupi Ramachandra Rao|publisher=isro.org|access-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211043212/http://isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/urroa.aspx|archive-date=2014-02-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/former/urrao_introduction.aspx |title=Welcome to ISRO :: Former Chairman :: Prof. Udupi Ramachandra Rao - Introduction |access-date=2020-09-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107011924/http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/former/urrao_introduction.aspx |archive-date=7 January 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | Also served as chancellor of [[Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology]]; Rao pushed for launch vehicle development which subsequently led to realisation of [[PSLV]] and later [[GSLV]] rockets, marked as key boosts to India's space capabilities. Launch capabilities with [[INSAT]] program eventually turned India into a major spacefaring nation.
|-
! rowspan="2" ; data-sort-type=number | 5
| rowspan="2" | [[File:K. Kasturirangan (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|Krishnaswamy|Kasturirangan}} {{small|(1940–2025)}}
| {{dts|1994}}
| {{dts|27 August 2003}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="3285" | 9 years
| rowspan="2" | <ref name="isro5">{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/drkkasturirangan.aspx|title=Welcome To ISRO :: Former Chairman :: Dr. Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan - Introduction|publisher=isro.org|access-date=2014-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026112226/http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/drkkasturirangan.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-26|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | His era marked development of improved spacecraft in INSAT series and development of [[Indian Remote Sensing Programme|IRS]] series of remote sensing satellites and major improvements in [[Earth observation satellite|earth observation satellite technologies]]. His tenure also saw operationalisation of PSLVs and first flight of GSLV which made India self sufficient launching its smaller & medium EO satellites.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 6
| rowspan="2" | [[File:ജി-മാധവൻ-നായർ.jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|G. Madhavan|Nair}} {{small|(1943– )}}
| {{dts|1 September 2003}}
| {{dts|29 October 2009}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="2248" | {{age in years and days|2003|09|01|2009|10|29}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/gmnair_introduction.aspx|title=Shri G Madhavan Nair|date=2008-11-11|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|work=About ISRO|access-date=2009-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111044746/http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/gmnair_introduction.aspx|archive-date=2009-11-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | Nair holds significant expertise on development of [[Multistage rocket|multi-stage launch vehicles]] and his era witnessed operationalisation of various variants of PSLV rocket. His tenure saw commencement of [[Indian Human Spaceflight Programme]] and launch of extraterrestrial exploration mission [[Chandrayaan-I]]. Following a controversial S-band spectrum deal involving [[Antrix Corporation]], he had to step down.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 7
| rowspan="2" | [[File:K Radhakrishnan 2013 2.JPG|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|Koppillil|Radhakrishnan}} {{small|(1949–)}}
| {{dts|30 October 2009}}
| {{dts|31 December 2014}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="1887" | {{age in years and days|2009|10|30|2014|12|31}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Present/chairman.aspx|title=Dr. K. Radhakrishnan|date=2008-11-11|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|work=About ISRO|access-date=2009-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112094538/http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/present/chairman.aspx|archive-date=2013-11-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/indias-space-odyssey-isro-creates-history-in-2014/|title=India's space odyssey: ISRO creates history in 2014|date=2014-12-27|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2020-09-28}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/isros-timeline-1960s-to-today|title=ISRO's Timeline from 1960s to Today - ISRO|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|access-date=2020-09-28|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082200/https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/isros-timeline-1960s-to-today|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | He joined [[VSSC]] as a development engineer for electro-mechanical devices of launch vehicles and later oversaw annual budget and plans and database for resources. Introduction of [[IRNSS]] made India one of few countries with own navigation systems while introduction of [[GSLV Mk III]] later enabled India to launch its heavier satellites also. His era also witnessed successful launch and orbital insertion of [[Mars Orbiter Mission]], India's first Mars mission and cancellation of collaboration with Russia and redefining [[Chandrayaan-2]] with Indian design and systems. Successful flight of India's own cryogenic stage on GSLV-D5 made it one of six countries with full launch capabilities.{{efn|Others include [[NASA]] (United States), [[Roscosmos|RFSA]] (Russia), [[European Space Agency]] (EU), [[CNSA]] (China) and [[JAXA]] (Japan).}}
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | -
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Shailesh Nayak (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|Shailesh|Nayak}} {{small|(1953– )}}
| {{dts|01 January 2015}}
| {{dts|12 January 2015}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="11" | {{age in years and days|2015|01|01|2015|01|12}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>[https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141231/nation-current-affairs/article/radhakrishnan-retires-leaving-isro-its-most-glorified-pedestal Shailesh Nayak appointed as new ISRO chairman, Radhakrishnan retires]</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | He was primarily engaged with studies related to [[oceanography]] and [[remote sensing]] and served as interim chief of ISRO for a brief period of 11 days.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 8
| rowspan="2" | [[File:A. S. Kiran Kumar (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|A. S. Kiran|Kumar}} {{small|(1952– )}}
| {{dts|14 January 2015}}
| {{dts|14 January 2018}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="1095" | {{age in years and days|2015|01|14|2018|01|14}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/14-jan-2015/s-kiran-kumar-takes-over-secretary-department-of-space-chairman-space-commission|title=A S Kiran Kumar takes over as Secretary, Department of Space, Chairman, Space Commission and Chairman, ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in|access-date=2016-10-17|archive-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016144917/http://www.isro.gov.in/update/14-jan-2015/s-kiran-kumar-takes-over-secretary-department-of-space-chairman-space-commission|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | His tenure is attributed to [[Hypersonic Flight Experiment|HEX]] which marks beginning of development of [[Reusable launch system|reusable-launch vehicle]], first orbital flight of GSLV Mk III, completion of [[NAVIC]] and launch of [[Astrosat]], India's first space based observatory.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 9
| rowspan="2" | [[File:K. Sivan (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|K.|Sivan}} {{small|(1957– )}}
| {{dts|15 January 2018}}
| {{dts|15 January 2022}}
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="1460" | {{age in years and days|2018|01|15|2022|01|15}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |title=K. Sivan takes charge as new ISRO chairman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/k-sivan-takes-charge-as-new-isro-chairman/article22446006.ece |access-date=1 November 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=16 January 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | He earlier served as director of [[VSSC]] and [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre|LPSC]] and participated in development of [[PSLV]] rockets. His tenure was marked by the [[Chandrayaan-2]] project which resulted in a failed Moon landing. His tenure also saw the acceleration of India's crewed space program. Short-term goals include launch of [[Chandrayaan-3]] to attempt a successful soft lunar landing, putting humans in space, launching missions [[Shukrayaan-I|to Venus]] and the [[Aditya-L1|Sun]] and development of [[SCE-200]] rocket engine to facilitate realisation of India's heavy lift launch vehicle and increase commercial operations. He is also known for developing trajectory simulation software named SITARA which is still in use by ISRO.
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 10
| rowspan="2" | [[File:S. Somanath, Director of VSSC, ISRO, speaks during the Heads of Agency Plenary of the 70th International Astronautical Congress (cropped).jpg|150px]]
| rowspan="2" | {{sortname|S.|Somanath}} {{small|(1963– )}}
| {{dts|15 January 2022}}
| 13 January 2025
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="1094" | {{age in years and days|2022|01|15|2025|1|13}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite news |date=2022-01-12|title=Malayali scientist Dr S Somanath appointed as ISRO chairman |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=728083&u=malayali-scientist-dr-s-somanath-appointed-as-isro-chairman|access-date=2022-01-13|work=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]|location=Thiruvanathapuram|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | Somanath is known for his contributions to launch vehicle design, particularly in the areas of launch vehicle systems engineering, structural design, structural dynamics, and pyrotechnics.<ref name=isro-215>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jun-2015/new-directors-three-major-isro-centres-three-major-isro-centres-have-new|title=New Directors for Three Major ISRO Centres: Three major ISRO Centres have new Directors from today.|date=1 June 2015|website=www.isro.gov.in|access-date=2022-01-13|archive-date=23 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072311/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jun-2015/new-directors-three-major-isro-centres-three-major-isro-centres-have-new|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/s-somnath-takes-charge-as-vikram-sarabhai-space-centres-director/articleshow/62609273.cms|title=S Somnath takes charge as Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre's director|date=January 22, 2018|first=Laxmi|last=Prasanna |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2022-01-13}}</ref> He also served as the Director of [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]], Thiruvananthapuram and <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/somanath-takes-charge-as-vssc-director-1151719-2018-01-22|title=Somanath takes charge as VSSC director|date=22 January 2018|website=www.indiatoday.in|access-date=2022-01-13}}</ref> Director of [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]], Thiruvananthapuram.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/somanath-takes-charge-as-vssc-director-118012201055_1.html|title=Somanath takes charge as VSSC director|date=22 January 2018|newspaper=Business Standard India|access-date=2022-01-13|agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> He was associated with the [[PSLV]] project and was the project director of [[GSLV Mk III]] in 2010. In his tenure in 2023, India successfully launched Chandrayan-3 and successfully made a soft landing in the South Pole making it the first country to make a successful soft landing in the South Pole.<ref name=isro-215/>
|-
! rowspan="2"; data-sort-type=number | 11
| rowspan="2" | [[File:DrVNarayanan ISROHQ 15012025.png|200px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[V. Narayanan (engineer)|V. Narayanan]] {{small|(1964– )}}
|{{dts|14 January 2025}}
|''Incumbent''
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="349" | {{age in years and days|2025|01|14}}
| rowspan="2" |
|--bgcolor=#EEEEEE
| colspan="2" | V. Narayanan is known for his contributions to launch vehicle engine, particularly in the areas of launch vehicle engine engineering.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=7 January 2025 |title=V Narayanan Appointed New ISRO Chairman |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/v-narayanan-appointed-new-isro-chairman/articleshow/117033478.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=8 January 2025 |title=V Narayanan: The Rocket Scientist who Will Lead ISRO into its Next Phase: 10 Facts |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/people/v-narayanan-the-rocket-scientist-who-will-lead-isro-into-its-next-phase-10-things-to-know-about-new-isro-chief-11736301472974.html |work=Livemint}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
*[[Homi J. Bhabha]]
*[[Sriharikota]]

== Notes and references ==
=== References ===
{{reflist}}

=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141026112226/http://www.isro.org/Ourchairman/Former/drkkasturirangan.aspx List of ISRO Chairman]

{{Indian space programme}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chairman Of The Indian Space Research Organisation}}
[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:ISRO people|*chairmen]]

Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein

2026-03-03T12:04:24Z

Palashkhanra73: basic cleaned up section and updated info

{{Short description|2001 film by Gautham Menon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein
| image = RHTDM.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
| producer = [[Vashu Bhagnani]]
| writer = Gautham Vasudev Menon [[Vipul D. Shah]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Minnale]]''|Gautham Vasudev Menon}}
| starring = [[R. Madhavan]] [[Saif Ali Khan]] [[Dia Mirza]] [[Anupam Kher]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cinematography = [[Johny Lal]]
| editing = [[Sanjay Verma]]
| studio = [[Pooja Entertainment]]
| distributor = [[Eros Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|10|19}}
| runtime = 169 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}6 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=686|title=Rehnaa Hai Tere Dil Mein – Movie|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-date=17 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131416/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=686|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross =
}}

'''''Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein''''' ({{Translation|Have to Reside In Your Heart}}), also known by the [[initialism]] '''''RHTDM''''', is a 2001 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]], starring [[R. Madhavan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Dia Mirza]] in the lead roles. The film is a remake of the director's own [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Minnale (film)|Minnale]]'' (released in the same year), which also starred Madhavan in his reprised role. This is Dia Mirza's debut film as well as [[Tamil language|Tamil]] actor, Madhavan's official [[Bollywood]] debut film after having an uncredited appearance in the song "Chup Tum Raho" in ''[[Is Raat Ki Subah Nahin]]''.

The film revolves around the love story of Madhav "Maddy" Shastri (Madhavan) and Reena Malhotra (Mirza). The latter is set to get engaged to Rajeev "Sam" Samra (Khan), who is a young man settled in the US and Maddy's former college rival. The film though did not perform well at box office during its release, achieved popularity through reruns on TV and achieved a [[Cult film|cult status]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=How 'Rehnaa Hai terre dil mein' became cult classic despite having toxic obsession elements |url=https://www.jagrantv.com/en-show/how-rehnaa-hai-terre-dil-mein-became-cult-classic-despite-having-toxic-obsession-elements-rc1024489 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=jagrantv |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Gangs of Wasseypur' to 'RHTDM': List of cult classic re-releasing on August 30 |url=https://www.editorji.com/entertainment-news/gangs-of-wasseypur-to-rhtdm-list-of-cult-classic-re-releasing-on-august-30-1724920704481 |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Editorji |language=en}}</ref>

The film was re-released on 30 August 2024, earning over ₹3.50 crore and ranking as the [[List of highest-grossing re-released Indian films|16th highest-grossing re-released Indian film]] in history.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-19 |title=Rockstar to Laila Majnu: PVR INOX bets on re-releases to bring people back to theatres |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/rockstar-to-laila-majnu-pvr-inox-bets-on-re-releases-amid-lack-of-new-content-19478906.htm |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story begins with narration by Madhav "Maddy" Shastri, the carefree son of music shop owner Deendayal Shastri. His father dreams that one day Maddy will inherit the family business, but Maddy has no interest. He is reckless, unserious about studies, and notorious at his college. His opposite is Rajeev "Sam" Samra, a disciplined, model student admired by teachers and classmates alike. The two are bitter rivals, constantly clashing. Their animosity grows so intense that Maddy even attempts to frame Sam. When Sam challenges him to a fight, Maddy accepts eagerly, but the professors intervene before it begins. At Sam’s graduation party, Maddy tries again to provoke him, but Sam refuses, leaving college with the warning that one day he will settle the score.

Three years later, Maddy has matured somewhat and is now a software instructor at a private company. However, his carefree attitude remains. During a trip to Delhi, he encounters a young woman dancing in the rain with children. Captivated, he calls her “my kind of girl” without knowing her name. Shortly after, fate brings him face to face with her again at a wedding. He discovers that her name is Reena Malhotra. Determined to win her heart, he tries to learn more about her, but opportunities slip away until they cross paths once more in Mumbai.

Maddy is delighted, until he learns that Reena is about to be engaged to Rajeev, a childhood friend who has been living in the United States. Crucially, Reena has not seen Rajeev in years and does not know what he looks like now. Persuaded by his friends and father, Maddy impulsively decides to impersonate Rajeev until the real one arrives. Over five magical days, he shows his affection and sincerity. What begins as friendship blossoms into love, and Reena eventually admits her feelings for him. Maddy plans to confess the truth in that moment, but his chance is cut short when the real Rajeev arrives. Reena, feeling betrayed, cancels her relationship with Maddy despite his desperate attempts to explain himself.

To Maddy’s horror, Rajeev is none other than Sam, his old rival. Sam is furious to discover that his impostor is the same Maddy he despises. Believing the entire affair to be rooted in their past enmity, he refuses to trust Maddy’s intentions. Maddy tries to come clean to Reena with the truth, but she is still not interested in him. As her wedding to Rajeev approaches, Maddy and his friends decide to beat up Rajiv in a parking lot, but Maddy quickly gives up and lets Rajeev go back to Reena, realizing his mistakes and decides to move on from her.

Eventually, Reena begins to recognize that, despite his deception, she has truly started falling in love him, which Sam doesn't realize until the wedding. At the same time, Maddy accepts a job transfer to San Francisco, which he had initially opted against, to erase his memories of Reena. When Rajeev sees Reena’s true feelings, he takes her to the airport. There, she and Maddy confess their love, reuniting at last. Rajeev, though heartbroken, masks his pain with pride, telling Maddy, “we can never be friends,” before walking away. Reena and Maddy embrace a future together, their love finally overcoming rivalry and deception.

==Cast==
*[[R. Madhavan]] as Madhav "Maddy" Shastri, Sam’s rival / Rajiv (fake), Reena's lover.
*[[Saif Ali Khan]] as Rajeev "Sam" Samra, Reena's fiancé and Maddy’s rival.
*[[Dia Mirza]] as Reena Malhotra, Rajeev's fiancé and Maddy's lover.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Mirza |first=Dia |subject-link=Dia Mirza |interviewer=Bharati Dubey |title=Face to Face: Dia Mirza |date=18 October 2001 |publisher=Rediff |location=Mumbai |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/18diya.htm |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408022607/https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/18diya.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Vrajesh Hirjee]] as Vikram "Vicky", Maddy's friend.
*[[Tannaz Irani]] as Shruti, Reena's best friend and Vicky's crush.
*[[Anupam Kher]] as Deendayal "DD" Shastri, Maddy's father.
*[[Navin Nischol]] as Mahesh Malhotra, Reena's father.
*[[Smita Jaykar]] as Mrs. Malhotra, Reena's mother.
*[[Hemant Pandey]] as the lorry driver whose lorry collides with Madhav's motorcycle carrying Vicky.
*[[Kabir Sadanand]] as Madhav's friend
*[[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] as Madhav's software company's boss. (cameo appearance)
*[[Jackky Bhagnani]] as the bouquet deliveryman to Reena. (cameo appearance)
* Sarita Birje (Madhavan's real-life wife) as a student in Madhav's tutorial class. (cameo appearance)

==Production==
The success of the Tamil film ''[[Minnale (film)|Minnale]]'' led to producer Vashu Bhagnani signing [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] on to direct the Hindi language remake of the film with Rajshri Productions, ''[[Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein]]'', which also featured Madhavan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/23mad.htm |title=rediff.com, Movies: Post-RHTDM Madhavan is here to stay |website=www.rediff.com |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301232732/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/23mad.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> An early title for the film was ''Koi Mil Gaya'', before the team finalised ''Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rmadhavan.com:80/forthcoming.html |title=Forthcoming movies of R Madhavan |website=www.rmadhavan.com:80 |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010605225018/http://www.rmadhavan.com:80/forthcoming.html |archive-date=5 June 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The former title was used by [[Rakesh Roshan]] for his [[Koi... Mil Gaya|2003 film]]. Though [[Richa Pallod]] was initially considered for the leading female role, [[Dia Mirza]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]] were added to the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/stars.asp |title=Stars on the rise in Tamil films |date=26 April 2004 |access-date=3 March 2018|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040426142215/http://www.chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/stars.asp |archive-date=26 April 2004 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Menon was initially apprehensive but said it took "half an hour" to agree and against his intentions, the producer opted against retaining the technical crew of the original.<ref>{{cite web |author=Warrier, Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=16 October 2001 |title='Hindi films were meant to happen much later' |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=2011-04-28 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/16gau.htm |archive-date=2 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102101729/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/16gau.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> He changed a few elements, deleted certain scenes and added some more for the version. The team shot for the film in South Africa and shot scenes at Durban Beach and in Drakensberg, with production executive Raakesh Maharaj arranging the unit's stay in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/01maddy.htm |title=rediff.com, Movies: Madhavan, Diya: Happily anonymous |website=www.rediff.com |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=21 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721022756/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/01maddy.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2001
| recorded = 2001
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 53:58
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =[[Harris Jayaraj]]
| prev_title =[[Minnale (soundtrack)|Minnale]]
| prev_year =2001
| next_title = [[Majunu]]
| next_year = 2001
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Pb0COSer6vY|Official Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein '''Additional songs''' (Not included in the film)
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Vishal-Shekhar]] [[Anand Raj Anand]] [[Aadesh Shrivastava]] A. M.
}}
The score and songs were composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]], with lyrics written by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]. The last three tracks were bonus tracks and did not feature in the film. The tune of the track "Dil Ko Tumse" was later reused by Harris in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] film ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' (2003) as "Ondra Renda".

{{track listing
| headline = Tracklist<ref>{{cite web |title=Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein – All Songs – Download or Listen Free – Saavn |url=https://www.saavn.com/album/rehnaa-hai-terre-dil-mein/p7KgWWwcyYA_ |access-date=3 November 2018 |date=19 October 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zara Zara - Club Mix (Full Song) - DJ Sahil AiM, Bombay Jayashri - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/zara-zara-club-mix/HVoCdwVvQWM |access-date=9 December 2024 |date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=9 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209161430/https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/zara-zara-club-mix/HVoCdwVvQWM |url-status=live}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 57:05
| all_writing = [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| title1 = Rehnaa Hai Tere Dil Mein
| extra1 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| music1 = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| length1 = 5:07
| title2 = Oh Mama Mama
| extra2 = Sonu Nigam
| music2 = Harris Jayaraj
| length2 = 4:35
| title3 = Kaise Main Kahoon Tujhse
| extra3 = Sonu Nigam
| music3 = Harris Jayaraj
| length3 = 1:04
| title4 = Zara Zara
| extra4 = [[Bombay Jayashri|Jayashri Ramnath]]
| music4 = Harris Jayaraj
| length4 = 4:58
| title5 = Bolo Bolo
| extra5 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], Chorus
| music5 = Harris Jayaraj
| length5 = 5:55
| title6 = Dil Ko Tumse
| extra6 = [[Roop Kumar Rathod]]
| music6 = Harris Jayaraj
| length6 = 5:31
| title7 = Sach Keh Raha Hai
| extra7 = [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]]
| music7 = Harris Jayaraj
| length7 = 5:28
| title8 = Churaya Churaya (Aya re Aya koi Aya re)
| extra8 = [[Babul Supriyo]], [[Preeti & Pinky]]
| music8 = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| length8 = 3:50
| title9 = Na Sone Ke Bangle Mein
| note9 = Not featured in the Film
| music9 = [[A.M.M]]
| extra9 = KK, [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length9 = 6:28
| title10 = Tujhe Dekha Jabse Jaana Deewana
| note10 = Not featured in the Film
| music10 = [[Anand Raj Anand]]
| extra10 = Shaan, [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| length10 = 5:23
| title11 = Sohni Sohni
| note11 = Not featured in the Film
| music11 = Aadesh Shrivastava
| extra11 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Vasundhara Das]]
| length11 = 5:39
| title12 = Zara Zara - Club Mix
| note12 = Not featured in the Film
| music12 = Harris Jayaraj
| extra12 = DJ Sahil AiM, Jayashri
| length12 = 3:07
}}

==Release and reception==
In comparison to ''[[Minnale (film)|Minnale]]'' (2001), the film gained mixed reviews. [[Taran Adarsh]] called the presentation "not absorbing" though stating that the director " handled certain sequences with aplomb".<ref>{{cite web |author=Adarsh, Taran|author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=19 October 2001 |title=Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein Review |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=2011-04-28 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/6838/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125070023/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/6838/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2009 }}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote it "is not a bad bargain at the end of a long day" and "there are parts where you would actually enjoy the courting game between a game hero and a gorgeous heroine" with "fine one-liners and good gestures", before adding "a part does not a whole make".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/10/25/stories/09250224.htm |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=Film Review: ''Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein'' |date=2001-10-25 |access-date=3 March 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Ranjita Das of [[Rediff.com]] wrote ″Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein may not have any star attraction. But it is definitely entertaining and enjoyable.″<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/19dil.htm|title=rediff.com, Movies: The film review of Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein|website=Rediff.com|date=19 October 2001|first=Ranjita|last=Das|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408020940/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/oct/19dil.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The moderate performance of the film left the director disappointed, with Menon claiming in hindsight that the film lacked the simplicity of the original with the producer's intervention affecting proceedings.<ref name="kkrediff">{{cite web |author=Warrier, Shobha |year=2003 |title='The industry is in such a shape that you cannot have big-budget films' |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=2011-04-28 |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/21menon.htm |archive-date=1 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801233643/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/mar/21menon.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2011, the producer of the film approached him to remake the film with the producer's son [[Jackky Bhagnani]] in the lead role, but Menon was uninterested with the offer.<ref>{{cite news |author=Jha, Subhash |title=Jackky Bhagnani in RHTDM remake? |access-date=2011-04-28 |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/news-interviews/29446851_1_vashu-bhagnani-hindi-film-gautham-menon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001327/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-19/news-interviews/29446851_1_vashu-bhagnani-hindi-film-gautham-menon |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2011-04-19}}</ref> On the fifteenth anniversary of the film's release, actors Madhavan and Dia Mirza met up and released a video thanking the film's admirers for their adulation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rehna-hai-tere-dil-mein-turns-15-madhavan-delivers-the-dialogue-dia-mirza-gautham-menon-347421-2016-10-19 |title=Rehna Hai Tere Dil Mein turns 15: Watch Madhavan deliver THE dialogue from the film |date=19 October 2016 |website=India Today |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910202120/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rehna-hai-tere-dil-mein-turns-15-madhavan-delivers-the-dialogue-dia-mirza-gautham-menon/1/790656.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/15-years-of-rhtdm-r-madhavan-can-still-make-you-go-awww-heres-a-video-proof/ |title=15 years of RHTDM: R Madhavan can still make you go awww, here's a video proof |first=karthika |last=raveendran |date=19 October 2016 |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=3 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303225504/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/15-years-of-rhtdm-r-madhavan-can-still-make-you-go-awww-heres-a-video-proof/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Re-release==
''Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein'' was re-released in theatres on 30th August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2024-08-28 |title=R Madhavan, Dia Mirza's 'Rehnaa Hai Tere Dil Mein' to be re-released in theatres |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/r-madhavan-dia-mirzas-rehnaa-hai-tere-dil-mein-to-be-re-released-in-theatres/article68575844.ece |access-date=2025-01-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It received a strong response in [[Pune]] city, where it earned the highest revenue. In just 10 days, the film made ₹3.2 crore, with ₹75 lakh coming from Pune alone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-10 |title='Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein' re-release: After 20 years, film wins at the BO |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/dia-mirza-r-madhavan-rehnaa-hai-terre-dil-mein-re-release-box-office-23390017 |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> The film earned ₹1 crore in the second weekend, bringing its total re-release earnings to ₹3.25 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-10 |title=Rehnaa Hai Terre Dil Mein Re-release: 23 साल बाद भी दिलों पर राज करने वाली फिल्म, कमाई में बना डाले नये रिकॉर्ड |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/rehnaa-hai-terre-dil-mein-re-release-23-years-later-this-romantic-drama-finally-gets-the-recognition-it-deserves |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref> The film finished its theatrical re-run with a gross of over ₹3.50 crore.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0299108}}

{{Gautham Menon}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon]]
[[Category:Films shot in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harris Jayaraj]]
[[Category:2001 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vishal–Shekhar]]

Rahul Vellal

2026-02-10T02:46:37Z

Palashkhanra73: New new pg added tags

{{Short description|Musician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=October 2022}}
{{resume-like|date=November 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rahul Vellal
| image = File:RahulVellal.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|2007|06|23}}
| birth_place = Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| occupation = Singer (Carnatic Music)
| mother = Smt. Hema Suryanarayana
| father = Sri. Ravishankar Vellal
| website = http://rahulvellal.me/
}}

'''Rahul R. Vellal''' ({{IPAc-en|r|ɑː|h|ʊ|l| v|ɛ|l|l|ɑː|l}}) is a singer and musician from [[Bengaluru]], [[India]]. He started learning [[Carnatic Music]] at the age of 4. He is known for playing concerts at several locations across India and other countries,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-14 |title=Child prodigy Rahul Vellal's concert in city on Nov. 17 |url=https://starofmysore.com/child-prodigy-rahul-vellals-concert-in-city-on-nov-17/ |access-date=2020-11-17 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khanna |first=Shailaja |date=2020-10-31 |title=Tribute to Gurus |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/entertainment/tribute-to-gurus-422633 |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Arikatla|first=Venkat|date=2020-06-20|title=Sankara Nethralaya USA - Live Classical Music Concert|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/articles/special-articles/sankara-nethralaya-usa-live-classical-music-concert-105544|access-date=2020-11-17|website=greatandhra.com|language=en}}</ref> and won prizes in multiple music competitions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=Mesmerising Music Concerts at Magnif icent Mysore Palace|url=https://starofmysore.com/mesmerising-music-concerts-at-magnif-icent-mysore-palace/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-19|title=Vid. Shashank Subramanyam performs at Mysore Palace|url=https://starofmysore.com/vid-shashank-subramanyam-performs-at-mysore-palace/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=Cultural programmes at Mysore Palace|url=https://starofmysore.com/cultural-programmes-at-mysore-palace-2/|access-date=2020-11-17|website=Star of Mysore|language=en-US}}</ref>

He is learning Carnatic vocal music under renowned musicians Vidushi's [[Ranjani–Gayatri|Ranjani & Gayatri]]. He was earlier learning Carnatic vocal music from Vidushi Kalavathy Avadhoot. He is learning to play the [[Mridangam]] from Vidwan Kulur U Jayachandra Rao. He is currently training in Western [[Piano]] from the [[Trinity School of Music]], [[London]] under the guidance of Sri Abhishek N. Apart from [[India]], he has performed Carnatic classical concerts in 6 countries - [[UAE]], [[Singapore]], [[Nigeria]], [[Malaysia]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[South Africa]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}

== Awards and accolades ==
* Rahul Vellal has won the "Global Child Prodigy Awards 2020"<ref>https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/get-inspired/global-child-prodigy-awards/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219211217/https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/get-inspired/global-child-prodigy-awards/ |date=19 December 2020 }} [https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/get-inspired/kits-global-child-prodigy-awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119210907/https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/get-inspired/kits-global-child-prodigy-awards/ |date=19 January 2021 }}[https://gcpawards.com/blog/13-year-old-versatile-singer-rahul-vellal/]</ref> in "Singing" Category and has also been recognized as the "Top 100 Global Child Prodigies of the World" by the GCP Awards Group.
* Shanmukhananda [[M S Subbulakshmi]] Fellowship 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/fellowship-award-given-to-aspiring-musicians/article25320945.ece|title = Fellowship award in memory of M.S.|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 25 October 2018|last1 = Kumar|first1 = Bhanu}}</ref> for Carnatic Vocal, presented by Hon. [[Vice-President of India]], Sri [[Venkaiah Naidu]], September 2018.
* Rahul Vellal has been interviewed by various International and National online digital and print media over the years. Prominent among them are his interviews with [[Padma Shri]] Dr. Sudha Raghunathan, Indian Fine Arts Academy ([[San Diego]], [[California]]), Sarvamangala Sabha ([[Abu Dhabi]], [[UAE]]), Sugam Culture & Heritage Foundation ([[Malaysia]]), CMC Marghazhi ([[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]), RTHK The Works ([[Hong-Kong]]), [[Deccan Herald]], [[New Indian Express]], [[All India Radio]] [[Bengaluru]], Ananya Kalasinchana - Bengaluru, Telangana Today and various other leading printed media publications.
* RISING STAR<ref>{{Cite web|title=Achievers receive Living India Awards|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/nov/11/achievers-receive-living-india-awards-1896901.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=The New Indian Express|date=12 November 2018 }}</ref> for Carnatic Music Award from LIVING, India's premier luxury lifestyle magazine for Global Citizens, November 2018
* Rahul was felicitated by the [[Rotary International]] with the "Vocation Service Award", in recognition of his outstanding contribution in the field of Music, on 14 August 2021.
* Young Achiever 2017 Award (Carnatic Music) from [[Rotary International]], November 2017.
* Recognised as the SAMA-ACCUREX Child Artist and presented the SAMA Child Artist Award.
* Recipient of the CCRT National Level Scholarship for Carnatic Music Vocal, awarded by the [[Government of India]].
* Young Achiever 2019 Award (Carnatic Music) from [[Rotary International]], 2019.
* Received the "Aalap Appreciation Award" instituted by Kappanna Angala & presented by Former [[Chief Justice of India]], Sri [[M. N. Venkatachaliah]] on 10-August-2019, in recognition of praiseworthy accomplishments in the field of Classical Music.
* Presented with a 5 ft 6" lamp by the Shanmukhanda Sabha, [[Mumbai]], on 31 December 2018, after his performance, in appreciation of his command over Carnatic Music at such a young age.
* Rahul has tuned a Saint [[Purandara Daasa]] Devarnama and sung it at the prestigious [[Bangalore Ganesh Utsava]] in Aug 2020, at the age of 13 years.

== Notable performances ==
* Rahul gave his first international Carnatic Music concert in [[Abu Dhabi]], [[UAE]], on 12 January 2018, at the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce.
* He performed in [[Singapore]] on 10 February 2018, for Lahari Arts Society.
* He performed in [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]], for the Indian Fine Arts Society (INFAS) in April 2018.
* He performed in [[Durban]], [[South Africa]] for the Multi-Cultural Academy of [[South Africa]] in May 2019. He was invited by the Honorable Counsel General of India in Durban, Sri Anish Ranjan, for a special performance at the Indian Consulate in Durban.
* He also performed with legendary International musicians as part of a 35 instrument Symphony Orchestra in [[Hong Kong]] on 30 May 2019.
* He has performed Carnatic Classical Concert in [[Malaysia]] on 23 Nov 2019 hosted by Sugam Karnatica.
* Rahul has sung for the International Banner Disney's, animated movie "[[The Lion King]]" (Telugu Edition), released on 20 July 2019. He has sung a couple of songs for the cub Simba.
* Rahul has done playback for Disney's new web series (yet to be released) on Jagadguru Sri [[Shankaracharya]].
* Rahul has performed in the prestigious show "Annamayya Paataku Pattabhishekam", telecast on SVBC channel, for the renowned music composer Sri Josyabhatla Sharma, in the August presence of Music Director [[M M Keeravani]] and Director Raghavendra Rao.
* Rahul has sung in many musical videos for the renowned music director, [[Kuldeep Pai]] from Chennai.
* He has also recorded many musical videos for another YouTube channel called "Strumm Spiritual", which have been released on all media platforms including [[Apple Music]], [[Spotify]], [[Amazon Music]] etc. apart from [[YouTube]].
* In Nov 2020, Rahul has performed for the prestigious [[Mysore Dasara]] Festival at the [[Mysore Palace]].
* He performed a Carnatic Classical Concert for [[Shankar Mahadevan Academy]], [[Mysuru]], in February 2019.
* He performed for a Carnatic Fusion Video for music composer Mahesh Raghvan released online in December 2018.
* He also performed Carnatic Classical concert containing only Annamayya Kirtanas for [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] [[Brahmotsavam]] at [[Tirumala]], in Oct 2018.
* He was interviewed by Akashvani, Bengaluru (AIR), Primary Radio Station for its Bala Gopala Programme to inspire other children. It was broadcast on 29 August 2018.
* His Baaro Krishnayya Unplugged, performed for MadRasana, was featured in [[BBC]] Asian Channel in [[United Kingdom]] on 17 August 2018.
* He sang at the much-revered [[Guruvayur Temple]] 29 July 2018 at a programme organised by the Sarvamangala Sabha.
* He performed at the [[Madras Music Academy]], [[Chennai]], on 3 July 2018, on the occasion of Sangeetha Kalanidhi M L Vasanthakumari Amma's 90th Birthday Celebration, organised by [[Padma Bhushan]] Dr. Sudha Raghunathan.
* He sang at the prestigious Sree Rama Seva Mandali Fort High School Grounds, in April 2018.
* He participated along with [[Sid Sriram]] in the well-attended 2018 Aikya Concert conducted by Global Adjustments Foundation at the [[Madras Music Academy]].
* He was featured on [[92.7 Big FM]] as a child artiste on Children's Day, 2017. His unplugged songs were played along with his interview. He also sang a jingle for [[92.7 Big FM]], that was played throughout Children's Day.

== Competitions ==
* National Level – Global Carnatician 2017 conducted online and judged by eminent panelists, August 2017.
* National Level - "Sangeet Samraat", Chennai, 2016.
* State-level CEMA Carnatic Classical Competition in Bengaluru.
* State-level "Sugama Samraat" light music contest.
* Bengaluru Gayana Samaja Music Competitions in both [[Purandara Daasa]] and [[Tyagaraja]] Compositions.
* Global Online Acharyanet Carnatic music contest.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vellal, Rahul}}
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian child singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:2007 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Foundation of Darul Uloom Deoband

2026-01-02T23:43:56Z

Palashkhanra73: added initial data from scratch - done

{{Short description|Establishment of the seminary in 1866 CE}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Darul Uloom Deoband
| native_name = دارالعلوم دیوبند
| native_name_lang = ur
| established = 15 Muharram 1283 AH, Thursday (31 May 1866)<ref name="Khalili" />
| founders = {{ubl|[[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]]{{Sfn|Deobandi|1899|pp=52–53}}{{Sfn|Deobandi|1992|pp=58–60}}{{Sfn|Rahmani|2007|pp=47–48}}{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|p=236}}|[[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]]{{Sfn|Deobandi|1992|p=61}}|[[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]]|[[Mahtab Ali Deobandi]]|[[Usmani family of Deoband#Karamat Hussain|Nihal Ahmad Deobandi]]|[[Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]]{{Sfn|Deobandi|1899|pp=52–53}}{{Sfn|Deobandi|1992|pp=58–60}}{{Sfn|Rahmani|2007|pp=47–48}}{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|p=236}}}}
| religious_affiliation= Sunni Islam (Deobandi)
| type = Islamic seminary (''darul uloom'')
| rector = [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]] (first rector / muhtamim)<ref name="Zulfiqar" />
| head_label = First teacher
| head = [[Mahmud Deobandi]] (Mulla Mahmūd) (appointed at 15 rupees/month)<ref name="Qasmi1928" />
| academic_affiliations= [[Deobandi movement]]
| city = [[Deoband]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| campus = Urban
}}
The '''Foundation of Darul Uloom Deoband''' refers to the establishment of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] seminary in North India in 1283 AH / 1866 CE. The seminary was established as an ''Arabic madrasa'' in the town of [[Deoband]], with its first teacher appointed on a small local salary and classes beginning in the Chhatta Masjid. At the time of its establishment, the institution relied on funds gathered by local notables and community leaders.

The identity of the institution’s “founder” has been a subject of differing interpretations among later historians. Early sources — including printed reports, biographies, and announcements from the late nineteenth century — consistently identify [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]] as the founder and primary initiator of the madrasa. However, in the twentieth century, some writers, particularly [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]], discussed the matter under the title “Bani-e-A‘zam” (“the Great Founder”) and expressed the view that the present stature and expansion of Darul Uloom Deoband owe much to [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]], whose scholarship, vision, and organizational ability shaped the seminary into a comprehensive center of Islamic learning.

== Establishment (1283 AH / 1866 CE) ==
Muhammad Tahir Qasmi (younger son of [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shakaib Qasmi |first1=Muhammad |last2=Noushad Qasmi |first2=Muhammad |title=Aks-e-Ahmad |trans-title=Biography of Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad|date=May 2014 |publisher=Hujjatul Islam Academy |location=[[Darul Uloom Waqf]] |isbn=9788192944135 |url=https://dud.edu.in/index.php/ur/publications-2/164-title-of-2-publications-2 |page=473 |language=ur}}</ref>) records that on 15 Muharram 1283 AH, Thursday (31 May 1866<ref name="Khalili">{{Cite book |last=Khalili Qasmi |first=Muhammadullah |author-link=Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi |url=https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2/page/n74/mode/1up |title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh |trans-title=Comprehensive and Concise History of Darul Uloom Deoband |publisher=Shaikh-Ul-Hind Academy |edition=2nd |date= October 2020 |location=India |language=ur |oclc=1345466013 |page=74}}</ref>), a group of scholars and community members including [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]], [[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]], [[Mahtab Ali Deobandi]], [[Usmani family of Deoband#Karamat Hussain|Nihal Ahmad Deobandi]], and [[Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]] in Deoband gathered to establish an ''Arabic madrasa'' with funds raised locally.<ref name="Qasmi1928">{{Cite journal |last=Qasmi |first=Tahir Bin Ahmad |date=June 1928 |editor-last=Usmani |editor-first=Habibur Rahman |editor-link=Habibur Rahman Usmani |title=History of Darul Uloom Deoband |url=https://archive.org/details/alqasimdeobandmuharram13471928number/page/n37/mode/1up |journal=[[Magazines of Darul Uloom Deoband#Al-Qasim|Al-Qasim]] |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=57|language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Deobandi|1899|pp=52–53}}{{Sfn|Deobandi|1992|pp=58–60}}{{Sfn|Rahmani|2007|pp=47–48}}{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|p=236}}

[[Azizur Rahman Bijnori]] likewise records these events on the basis of documentary and oral reports: he notes that Sayyid Muhammad Abid personally initiated the fundraising, collecting about four hundred rupees after first contributing five rupees of his own, and then wrote to Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi in Meerut to request his involvement. Nanautawi responded by appointing Mulla Mahmud on a stipend of fifteen rupees per month, under whom teaching commenced in the Chhatta Masjid; the first student is variously reported as Mahmud Hasan (later ''Shaykh al-Hind'').<ref name="Bijnori">{{Cite book |last=Bijnori |first=Azizur Rahman |title=Tadhkira Mashā'ikh-e-Deoband |trans-title=Chronicle of the Deoband Elders |date=July 1967 |publisher=Madani Dar-ut-Talīf |edition=2nd |location=Bijnor |pages=7, 170–171 |language=ur |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tazkira-e-mashaikh-e-deoband-mufti-azizurrahman-ebooks#171 |oclc=19927541}}</ref>

Early records, such as the ''roodad'' of 1283 AH, mention the date explicitly as ''15 Muharram, Thursday'', but without providing a Gregorian equivalent.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Roodād-e-Darul Uloom [1283] |publisher=Darul Uloom Deoband |year=1866 |pages=3–4 |language=ur}}</ref>{{Sfn|Rizwi|1977|p=156}}<ref name="Qasmi1928" /> In later writings the lunar date was correlated differently by various authors: [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]] placed it in 1867,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deobandi |first=Muhammad Miyan |author-link=Muhammad Miyan Deobandi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/ulama-e-haq-aur-unke-mujahidana-karname-part-001-syed-mohammad-miyan-ebooks#73 |title=1857 ke ba'd ʿUlamā'-e-Ḥaqq aur un ke Mujāhidāna Kārnāme |publisher=Al-Jami'at Book Depot |year=1946 |edition=1st |location=Qāsim Jān Street, [[Delhi]] |page=73 |language=ur |trans-title=The Ulama of Truth and Their Struggles after 1857}}</ref> [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]] explicitly gave ''30 May 1867'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tayyib|first1=Qari Muhammad|author1-link=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi|title=Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Sad-Sāla Zindagi |trans-title=Centenary Life of Darul Uloom Deoband |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-uloom-deoband-ki-sad-saala-zindagi-qari-muhammad-tayyab-ebooks#18 |publisher=VC Office, Darul Uloom|location=Deoband|page=14|date=June 1965|edition=1st|language=ur}}</ref> while [[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]] printed ''30 May 1866'' in his ''Tārīkh-e-Deoband''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rizwi |first1=Syed Mehboob |author1-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi|title=Tārīkh-e-Deoband |trans-title=History of Deoband |chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-deoband-syed-mahboob-rizvi-ebooks#319 |year=1972 |publisher=Ilmi Markaz|location=Deoband |edition=2nd|page=319|chapter=Tāsīs wa Qiyām|trans-chapter=Establishment and rise|language=ur}}</ref> More recently, [[Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi]] examined the original roodad and weekday correspondence and demonstrated that the correct Gregorian equivalent is ''31 May 1866'', since 15 Muharram 1283 AH fell on a Thursday, not on a Wednesday.<ref name="Khalili" />

=== Anecdotes and oral tradition ===
Muhammad Tahir Qasmi records that the first lessons took place under a [[pomegranate tree]] in the Chhatta Masjid at the edge of the town, with [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] (later ''Shaykh al-Hind'') mentioned as the first student to begin his studies under Mahmud Deobandi.<ref name="Qasmi1928" />

Nazeer Ahmad Deobandi records that after a spiritual retreat Sayyid Muhammad Ābid proposed establishing a madrasa to preserve religious knowledge, contributing funds himself and collecting nearly four hundred rupees in donations. He then wrote to Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi in [[Meerut]], requesting him to come and teach. Nanautawi replied with delight, promising to remain a supporter of the madrasa, and appointed Mulla Mahmūd as the first teacher with a stipend of fifteen rupees; Mahmud soon arrived and began instruction in the Chhatta Masjid.{{Sfn|Deobandi|1899|pp=52–53}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ikram |first=S. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7q9EubOYZmwC&dq=Haji+Muhammad+Abid&pg=PA116 |title=Indian Muslims and Partition of India |date=1992 |publisher=[[Atlantic Publishers & Dist]] |isbn=978-81-7156-374-6 |pages=115–116 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4I1GAAAAMAAJ&q=Haji+Muhammad+Abid |title=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |date=1994 |publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, [[University of the Punjab]] |page=22 |language=en}}</ref>

A different version, cited by [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] from an early manuscript, records that the location was the floor of the Chhatta Masjid and that the first teacher was Mahmud Deobandi, but the first student was ''Abdul Aziz'' rather than Mahmud Hasan. This account does not include reference to any pomegranate tree.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gīlānī |first1=Manāzir Ahsan |author-link1=Manazir Ahsan Gilani |title=Sawānih-e-Qāsmi |trans-title=Biography of Qāsim Nanautawi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/sawaneh-qasmi-part-002-sayyad-manazir-ahsan-geelani-ebooks |year=1954|publisher=Idara Nashr-o-Ishā'at, Darul Uloom Deoband|volume=2|language=ur |pages=261–262}}</ref>

Gilani pointed out that although the manuscript omits the tree and names Abdul Aziz as the first student, Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad repeated the pomegranate tree anecdote in his convocation address of 1328 AH (1910 CE), delivered in the presence of Mahmud Hasan himself. Gilani reasoned that a figure such as Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad, addressing thousands of alumni before the very person identified as the first student, would be unlikely to repeat the anecdote publicly if it had no basis.{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|pp=263–264}}

=== Established as an Arabic madrasa ===
An early printed ''roodad'' (report) for 1283 AH opens with the sentence: "Praise be to God that the year 1283 Hijri has ended in well-being. This is the blessed year in which the foundation of an Arabic madrasa (Madrasa-e-Arabi) was laid in Deoband."{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|p=244}}

[[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] draws attention to the first-year report’s list of examination texts — including ''Sharh Wiqaya'', ''Sharh Mulla'', ''Maybazi'', ''Qutbi'', ''Usul al-Shashi'' and ''Siraji'' — as evidence that Arabic instruction formed the core curriculum from the institution’s inception, while Persian instruction and Qurʾān memorisation classes appear only in the second-year report (1284 AH).{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|pp=244–245}}{{Sfn|Nanautawi|1894|p=21}} Azizur Rahman Bijnori likewise records that in the first year (1283 AH) the madrasa's syllabus included the same Arabic works noted above.{{Sfn|Bijnori|1967|p=171}}

Gilani argued against the claim that the madrasa began merely as a small local ''maktab'' later converted into an Arabic madrasa, maintaining instead that the evidence shows it was established from the outset as an Arabic theological madrasa and only later broadened.{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|pp=244–246}}

By contrast, [[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]], citing a printed announcement issued four days after the founding (19 Muharram), reproduces its closing line which already described the institution as "Madrasa-e-ʿArabi wa Fārsi wa Riyāzi, Qasbah Deoband."{{Sfn|Rizwi|1977|p=157}}

Contemporary accounts likewise support the sequence in which Arabic teaching began first. [[Yaqub Nanautawi]] and Nazeer Ahmad Deobandi record that [[Mahmud Deobandi]] (Mulla Mahmūd) was appointed as the first teacher on a stipend of fifteen rupees and that instruction began in the Chhatta Masjid; as student numbers rose, further teachers of Persian and Qurʾān were appointed and a consultative council (''shura'') established to manage the school.{{Sfn|Nanautawi|1894|p=21}}{{Sfn|Deobandi|1899|p=53}}

Ziya-ul-Hasan Faruqi, summarising [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]], described the early phase as a modest Arabi maktab in the Jamiʿ Masjid raised into a Darul-ʿUlum in the late 1860s, noting initial opposition by Sayyid Abid Husain to relocating beyond the mosque.<ref>{{cite book |last=Faruqi |first=Ziya-ul-Hasan |title=The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan |publisher=Asia Publishing House |year=1963 |page=22 |chapter=Deoband: A Darul-'Ulüm is founded |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/deobandschooldem0000unse/page/22/mode/1up |language=en}}</ref> Muhammad Miyan's own text, however, citing ''Arwah-e-Thalathah'', consistently uses the term ''madrasah'' rather than ''maktab'' for this period, and records the episode of the foundation stone where Ābid, persuaded by Qasim Nanautawi, participated in the ceremony.<ref>{{cite book |last=Miyan |first=Sayyid Muhammad |title=Ulama-e-Haqq aur unke Mujahidana Karname |volume=1 |publisher=Kutub Khana Fakhriyya |location=[[Moradabad]] |year=1947 |pages=78–80 |language=ur |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/ulama-e-haq-aur-unke-mujahidana-karname-part-001-ebooks#78}}</ref> The same episode is also narrated in ''Arwah-e-Thalathah'', a composite work consisting of three treatises — ''Amīr al-Riwayāt'', ''Riwayāt al-Tayyib'' (drawn from the statements of Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, grandson of Qasim Nanautawi), and ''Ashraf al-Tanbih''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Amīr Shah |title=Shahān-e-Dehli ya Aslāf-e-Deoband: Ma'rūf ba 'Arwāh-e-Thalāthah' |last2=Qasmi |first2=Muhammad Tayyib |author-link2=Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi |last3=Thanwi |first3=Ashraf Ali |author-link3=Ashraf Ali Thanwi |publisher=Kutubkhāna Isha'atul Uloom |year=1951 |editor-last=Kasolvi |editor-first=Zahir-ul-Hasan |edition=3rd |location=[[Saharanpur]] |pages=1, 248–252 |language=ur |trans-title=The Kings of Delhi or the Predecessors of Deoband: Known as Arwāh-e-Thalāthah |chapter=Story (252): a story narrated by Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/arwahesalasa/page/n250/mode/1up}}</ref>

Azizur Rahman Bijnori further records that while Abid initially opposed shifting the madrasa beyond the Chhatta Masjid, considering the mosque’s quarters sufficient, he was eventually persuaded and himself placed the second brick at the foundation ceremony of the new campus in 1292 AH (1875 CE).{{Sfn|Bijnori|1967|pp=171–173}}

=== Relocation and new construction ===
In its early years, the Darul Uloom Deoband did not possess a permanent building. Classes initially began in the Chhatta Masjid, after which the madrasa moved for some time to the Qazi’s Mosque and later to rented houses. As the number of students increased, the institution's organizers began to consider constructing a dedicated building for the seminary. At first, some elders arranged for necessary rooms and cells to be built within the courtyard of the Jamiʿ Masjid, and teaching continued there for several years.{{Sfn|Miyan|1947|p=78}}

Later, however, it was decided that the madrasa should be relocated to a spacious site on the outskirts of the town so that future expansion would be possible and the mosque and madrasa could operate independently. For this purpose, various locations were inspected, and finally, on the suggestion of Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, the site was chosen where the Darul Uloom stands today.{{Sfn|Miyan|1947|pp=77–78}}

At a prize distribution ceremony held in Dhu al-Qaʿdah 1291 AH, an appeal was made for funds for the construction of the new building, and generous donations were received from well-wishers. The following year, on Friday, 2 Dhu al-Hijjah 1292 AH (1875 CE), after the congregational prayer in the Jamiʿ Masjid, a large gathering was held, attended by scholars from Muradabad, Aligarh, and other cities, at which the foundation of the new structure was laid.{{Sfn|Miyan|1947|p=79}}

According to [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]], Sayyid Muhammad Abid initially opposed the proposal, believing that the three-arched structure of the Jamiʿ Masjid was sufficient. However, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi affectionately persuaded him and requested that he participate in laying the foundation. The first brick was placed by Miyān Ji Munne Shah, followed by Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and finally Nanautawi himself. On that day, it is said, the gathering of scholars and elders was filled with an extraordinary sense of spiritual joy and elation.{{Sfn|Miyan|1947|pp=79–80}}

== Role of Sayyid Muhammad Abid ==
Several early accounts emphasize the role of Sayyid Muhammad Abid in initiating the project. His biographer Nazeer Ahmad Deobandi describes a dream in which Abid saw the Prophet Muhammad, after which he gathered companions and proposed establishing a madrasa to preserve Islamic learning.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deobandi |first=Nazeer Ahmad |title=Tadhkirat al-'Ābidīn Imdadul 'Ārifīn |publisher=Rozana Akhbar Press |year=1899 |location=[[Delhi]] |pages=52–53 |language=ur |chapter=Haji Sayyid Muhammad Ābid |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/20211127_20211127_2342/page/n27/mode/1up}}</ref>

A printed announcement dated 1889, signed by members of the madrasa's ''shura'', explicitly refers to him as the "founder and first proposer" (''bānī wa mujawwiz awwal'').{{Sfn|Ahmad|2020|p=248}} [[Abdul Hai Hasani]] also writes that "Sayyid Muhammad Abid established the Islamic seminary at Deoband, which Qasim Nanautawi approved of and supported."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hasani |first1=Abdul Hai |author1-link=Abdul Hai Hasani |title=[[Nuzhat al-Khawatir]] |year=1999 |publisher=Dar Ibn Hazm |location=[[Beirut, Lebanon]]|edition=1st |volume=7 |page=1067 |chapter=Maulana Qasim al-Nanautawi|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/20200621_20200621_1558/page/n1067/mode/1up |language=ar}}</ref>

[[Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]], father of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, in his al-Hadiyya al-Saniyya (c. 1890), likewise described Sayyid Muhammad Abid as the "founder" (''bānī'') of the institution, while attributing to Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi the role of providing intellectual support and contributing to its development.<ref name="Zulfiqar">{{Cite book |last=Deobandi |first=Zulfiqar Ali |author-link=Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi |url=https://archive.org/details/Maktaba_tareekh_darul_uloom_deoband/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20/page/n2/mode/1up |title=al-Hadiyyah as-Saniyyah fī Dhikr al-Madrasah ad-Diyūbandiyyah |publisher=Maktaba Mahmoodiya |year=1980 |edition=2nd |location=[[Lahore]] |pages=2–3 |language=ar |trans-title=The Noble Gift in Mention of the Deoband School |orig-year=1890}}</ref>

Later writers echo the same. [[Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi]] records that the madrasa first opened in 1866 under the guidance of Sayyid Muhammad Abid in a small mosque, while crediting Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi with the courage and religious fervour that enabled its subsequent development into a major Islamic university.<ref>{{cite book|last=Nadwi |first=Abul Hasan Ali |author-link=Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi |title=Muslims in India |date=April 2019 |publisher=Claritas Books |location=[[Swansea]]; [[Milpitas, California|Milpitas]] |isbn=978-1-905837-53-3 |translator=Mohamed Asif Kidwai |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9yBlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104}}</ref>

Rashid Ahmad Jalandhari (Lahore, 1988) likewise records that after the upheaval of 1857, Abid Husain took the first step by proposing the establishment of a madrasa, contributing funds himself and collecting nearly four hundred rupees from the townspeople. He then wrote to Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi in Meerut, who responded positively by appointing Mulla Mahmud as the first teacher on a stipend of fifteen rupees. Jalandhari notes that Abid presided over the shura as founder and rector without taking any salary, while Nanautawi provided scholarly patronage and intellectual leadership.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jalandhari |first=Rashid Ahmad |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/bartanvi-hind-mein-musalmano-ka-nizam-e-taleem-ek-naqidana-jaiza-volume-001-dr-rasheed-ahmad-jalandhari-ebooks#116 |title=Bartānvi Hind mein Musalmāno kā Niẓām-e-Taʿlīm: Ek Nāqidāna Jā'iza (Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband) |publisher=[[Institute of Islamic Culture]] |year=2004 |isbn=969-469-095-1 |edition=2nd |location=Lahore |pages=116–117 |language=ur |trans-title=The Educational System of Muslims in British India: A Critical Analysis (Darul Uloom Deoband)}}</ref>

== Role of Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi ==
Although not described as the initiator in the earliest accounts, [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] is documented as having given intellectual and organizational support. His colleague Yaqub Nanautawi noted that when the madrasa was founded, Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Fazlur Rahman Usmani and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi were among those who proposed it, while Qasim Nanautawi later became a key patron and supervisor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nanautawi |first=Yaqub |author-link=Yaqub Nanautawi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/sawaneh-umri-maulana-mohammad-yaqoob-nanotavi-ebooks#21 |title=Biography of Maulana Moulvi Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi |publisher=Mujtabai Press |year=1894 |location=Delhi |page=21 |language=ur}}</ref>

Later writers such as [[S. M. Ikram]] credited him with envisioning the madrasa’s growth into a large seminary, arguing that while the founders may have intended only a small ''maktab'', Nanautawi's vision laid the foundation for a full-fledged ''Darul Uloom''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ikram |first=Sheikh Muhammad |author-link=S. M. Ikram |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mauj-e-kausar-shaikh-mohammad-ikram-ebooks-2#200 |title=Mauj-e Kausar |year=1962 |page=200 |language=ur |trans-title=The Wave of Kausar}}</ref>

Writing in the mid-twentieth century, [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]] mentioned Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Mahtab Ali, and Nihal Ahmad among the early founders of the madrasa. He argued, however, that although these figures initiated the establishment of the school, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi should be regarded as the bānī-e-aʿẓam (“principal founder”). According to Miyan, Abid considered the three-arched structure of the Jamiʿ Masjid sufficient and opposed the proposal for a separate building, while Nanautawi envisioned a more organized and expanded institution. On this basis, Miyan concluded that the later development and institutional form of Darul Uloom Deoband reflected Nanautawi's leadership and educational vision.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deobandi |first=Muhammad Miyan |author-link=Muhammad Miyan Deobandi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/ulama-e-hind-ka-shandar-mazi-al-maroof-bihi-ulama-e-haq-ke-mujahidana-karname-volume-005-006-syed-mohammad-miyan-ebooks#61 |title=Ulama-e-Hind Ka Shāndār Māzi |date=November 1992 |publisher=Maktaba Rashīdia |volume=5 |location=[[Karachi]] |pages=58–59, 61 |language=ur |trans-title=The Illustrious Legacy of Indian Ulama}}</ref>

== Founding members and early management ==
[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi]], citing an 1866 record, lists the earliest figures involved in the madrasa's establishment as [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]], [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]], [[Mahtab Ali Deobandi]], [[Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]], [[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]], [[Fazl-e-Haque Deobandi]] and [[Usmani family of Deoband#Karamat Hussain|Nihal Ahmad Deobandi]]. He notes that they were not only members of the first ''shura'' but also its earliest builders, with Qasim Nanautawi as the first patron and Sayyid Muhammad Abid as the first rector (vice-chancellor).<ref name="Rizwi">{{cite book |last1=Rizwi |first1=Syed Mehboob |author1-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |title=[[History of Darul Uloom Deoband|Tarīkh-e-Darul Uloom Deoband]] |publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam |year=1977 |edition=1st |volume=1 |location=Darul Uloom Deoband |page=157 |language=ur |chapter=Qiyām-e-Darul Uloom Ka E'lān |trans-chapter=Public Announcement of the Establishment of Darul Uloom |chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tareekh-e-dar-ul-uloom-deoband-volume-1-ebooks#159}}</ref>

[[Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi]] similarly refers to these individuals as the "founding members" (''arākīn-e tāsīsī'') of the seminary.{{Sfn|Khalili Qasmi|2020|p=746}}

== Later disputes and reinterpretations ==
According to [[Ghulam Yahya Anjum]], consensus remained until around 1903 that Sayyid Muhammad Abid was regarded as the founder. Debate arose when [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], a grandson of Qasim Nanautawi and later rector of the seminary, wrote works such as ''Darul Uloom Deoband ki 67 Saala Zindagi'' (Sixty-Seven Years of Darul Uloom Deoband) and ''Maslak-e-Darul Uloom Deoband'' (The School of Thought of Darul Uloom Deoband), in which he credited his grandfather as the principal founder (''bānī-yi aʿẓam'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Anjum |first1=Ghulam Yahya |title=Baani-e-Darul Uloom Deoband Kaun? |trans-title=Who was the Founder of Darul Uloom Deoband? |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-uloom-devband-ka-bani-kaun-ghulam-yahya-anjum-ebooks#14 |year=2000 |edition=2nd |pages= 15–17|publisher=unknown|location=unknown |language=ur}}</ref>

[[Abdul Hafeez Rahmani]] traced this shift to Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad’s rectorship in 1905, while noting that prior sources described Nanautawi as patron or supporter, not as founder. He highlights a 1306 AH (1889) printed announcement, signed by Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and other leaders of the madrasa, which explicitly described Sayyid Muhammad Abid as the "founder and first proposer" (''bānī wa mujawwiz awwal'').<ref name="Rahmani2007">{{cite book |last1=Rahmani |first1=Abdul Hafeez |title=Sayyid Muhammad Aabid Hussain: Baani-e-Darul Uloom Deoband aur Tarīkhi Haqāiq |trans-title=Sayyid Muhammad Abid Husain: Founder of Darul Uloom Deoband and Historical Realities |url=https://archive.org/details/20231213_20231213/mode/1up |year=2007 |publisher=Darul Kitab |location=Loharasan, [[Sant Kabir Nagar district]] |language=ur |pages=73, 96–98}}</ref>

[[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] rejected as a “self-made assumption” the claim that [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] intentionally kept his role in the foundation of the madrasa hidden for political reasons. However, [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], in a marginal note, suggested that Nanautawi’s limited public involvement at the time could reasonably be understood in light of the political sensitivities and surveillance that prevailed under British rule.{{Sfn|Gīlānī|1954|pp=245–247}}

[[Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi]], analysing early announcements and biographical records, concludes that Sayyid Muhammad Abid was the founder (bānī) and first proposer (mujawwaz awwal) of the madrasa. He stresses that while Abid initiated and financed the project, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi from the very outset provided scholarly patronage and later assumed intellectual and institutional leadership that shaped the seminary’s character.<ref name="Ahmad2020">{{Cite thesis |last=Ahmad |first=Ishtiaque |author-link=Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi |title=Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl |trans-title=Critical Study of the Biographical Accounts of Deoband Scholars prior to Independence |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/338413 |publisher=Department of Urdu, [[Maulana Azad National Urdu University]] |year=2020 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/338413 |degree=PhD |pages=103–104, 249–250}}</ref>

[[S. M. Ikram]] took a similar line, writing that Nanautawi was "not the actual founder of the Deoband madrasa" but it was his higher vision that raised it from a small ''maktab'' into a grand ''Darul Uloom''. According to him, the elders who began the school likely intended nothing more than a modest madrasa within the arcades of the Jamiʿ Masjid, but Nanautawi's expansive imagination laid broad foundations for a major seminary.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ikram |first=Sheikh Muhammad |author-link=S. M. Ikram |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/mauj-e-kausar-shaikh-mohammad-ikram-ebooks-2#200 |title=Mauj-e Kausar |year=1962 |page=200 |language=ur |trans-title=The Wave of Kausar}}</ref>

Ghulam Yahya Anjum underlined that despite Nanautawi's contributions, the original founder remained Sayyid Muhammad Abid. He compared the case to Sir [[Syed Ahmad Khan]]'s [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College|Madrasatul Uloom]] at Aligarh: although colleagues elevated it to a college and then a university, the founder is still regarded as Sir Syed. Likewise, Anjum argued, today's Darul Uloom Deoband is the developed form of the madrasa established in 1866 by Abid, and denying him the title of founder is unjustifiable.<ref name="Anjum1999">{{cite book |last1=Anjum |first1=Ghulam Yahya |title=Baani-e-Darul Uloom Deoband Kaun? |trans-title=Who was the Founder of Darul Uloom Deoband? |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/darul-uloom-deoband-ka-bani-kaun-prof-gulaam-yahya-anjum-ebooks#60 |year=1999 |page=60 |edition=first |publisher=Al-Daar-us-Sunniyah |location=[[Nagpada]], Mumbai |language=ur}}</ref>

=== Sindhi's assessment ===
[[Ubaidullah Sindhi]], in his ''Ḥizb-e-Imām Walīullāh Dehlawī kī Ijmālī Tārīkh kā Muqaddama'' (1942), offered a distinct interpretation of the seminary's foundation. He wrote that after the [[Siege of Delhi (1857)|fall of Delhi]], [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] convened a council in [[Mecca]] where it was resolved that a madrasa should be established on the model of [[Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi|Shah Abdul Aziz]]'s Delhi seminary. Sindhi further states that [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] worked continuously for seven years to mobilise support, eventually persuading a group to establish the seminary at [[Deoband]]. According to him, it was by Nanautawi's efforts that similar madrasas were also founded at [[Saharanpur]] and [[Moradabad]] as branches of Deoband.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sindhi |first=Ubaidullah |author-link=Ubaidullah Sindhi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/shah-waliullah-aur-unki-siyasi-tahreek-ubaidullah-sindhi-ebooks#210 |title=Ḥizb-e-Imām Walīullāh Dehlawī kī Ijmālī Tārīkh kā Muqaddama |publisher=Kitāb Khāna Punjab |year=1942 |edition=1st |location=Lahore |pages=204–205 |language=ur |trans-title=Preface to a Concise History of Hizb-e-Imam Waliullah of Delhi}}</ref>

Sindhi also emphasised that the seminary’s original seven-year curriculum and fundamental regulations were drawn up by Qasim Nanautawi, who preserved in them the objectives of Shah Waliullah and Shah Abdul Aziz. Later revisions, under Yaqub Nanautawi and Mahmud Hasan (Shaykh al-Hind), retained this "Waliullahi spirit."{{Sfn|Sindhi|1942|p=205}}

He further noted that the political and organisational principles of the madrasa were laid down collectively by Imdadullah, Qasim Nanautawi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Yaqub Nanautawi, and held that no one could truly belong to the “Deobandi party” without full acceptance of these principles.{{Sfn|Sindhi|1942|p=206}}

=== Bijnori's assessment ===
[[Azizur Rahman Bijnori]], writing in his ''Tadhkira-e Shaikh al-Hind' (1965)'', presented a detailed case that the founding of the madrasa in 1283 AH (at the Chhatta Masjid) must be attributed to Sayyid Muhammad Abid rather than to Qasim Nanautawi. He argued, first, that when the initial fundraising took place, Nanautawi was not in Deoband but engaged in proof-reading work in the presses of Meerut and Delhi, and that his name does not appear in the madrasa’s records before 1290 AH. According to Bijnori, it was Abid who first spread a handkerchief for donations, placed five rupees of his own, and collected three hundred rupees in one evening, before writing to Nanautawi in Meerut to request a teacher. Nanautawi’s reply, preserved in Sawānih-e-Qāsmi, stated that he would send Mulla Mahmud on a stipend of fifteen rupees per month, and that he himself would remain engaged in striving for the welfare of the madrasa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bijnori |first=Azizur Rahman |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/tazkira-e-shaikh-ul-hind-mufti-azeezur-rahman-ebooks#139 |title=Tazkira-e Shaikhul Hind |trans-title=Memoir of Shaikh al-Hind |date=August 1965 |edition=first |publisher=Madani Dar-ut-Talīf |location=Bijnor |pages=139–140 |language=ur}}</ref>

Bijnori further noted that the earliest principals (muhtamims) were Abid Husain (1283–84, 1286–88, 1306–10) and [[Rafiuddin Deobandi|Shah Rafiʿ al-Din]], and that contemporary documents—including an 1889 printed announcement signed by Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and others—explicitly named Abid as "founder and first proposer" (''bānī wa mujawwiz awwal''). He also cited the 1905 convocation address and later reports as evidence for a twentieth-century shift, when some sources began describing Nanautawi as founder. For Bijnori, this represented a historical change, since earlier documents, as well as works like ''al-Hadiyya al-Saniyya'' of [[Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]], consistently credited Sayyid Muhammad Abid with the founding.{{Sfn|Bijnori|1965|pp=141–142}}

At the same time, Bijnori made it clear that the organized and comprehensive framework of the later Dar al-ʿUlum was primarily devised by Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, whose vision was further developed and brought to fruition through the efforts of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]. In his conclusion, he proposed that if the foundation is taken as 1283 AH in the Chhatta Masjid, then Sayyid Muhammad Abid must be regarded as the founder; but if the decisive foundation is dated to 1292 AH with the laying of the stone of the present campus, then Qasim Nanautawi may be seen as its founder.{{Sfn|Bijnori|1965|pp=143–144}}

Iqbal Hasan Khan ([[Aligarh Muslim University]]), after analysing these early accounts, concurs with Bijnori's view that Sayyid Muhammad Abid was the actual founder, while acknowledging that Qasim Nanautawi later gave the madrasa its wider vision.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Iqbal Hasan |title=Shaikh al-Hind Mawlānā Maḥmūd Ḥasan: Ḥayāt aur ʿIlmī Kārnāme |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=1973 |edition=1st |location=Aligarh |pages=1, 105–106 |language=ur |trans-title=Shaikhul Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan: Life and Scholarly Contributions |chapter=Qiyām-e-Darul Uloom Deoband |trans-chapter=Establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband |chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/shaikh-ul-hind-maulana-mahmood-hasan-hayat-aur-ilmi-karname-iqbal-hasan-khan-ebooks#105}}</ref>

=== Modern scholarship ===
Modern secondary sources across South Asian and Western scholarship consistently identify Sayyid Muhammad Abid as the founder of Darul Uloom Deoband. [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] notes that "a Sufi by the name of Abid founded a seminary in 1867" soon joined by Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQDzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1909 |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability And Resilience |date=2016-06-16 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-707-7 |page=1909 |language=en}}</ref> [[Ziauddin Sardar]] describes the initiative as that of "a well-known Sufi saint" who became the seminary's first patron,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sardar |first=Ziauddin |author-link=Ziauddin Sardar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_4loDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT71 |title=Ways of Being Desi |date=2018-09-21 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |isbn=978-93-5305-198-3 |page=71 |language=en}}</ref> while [[Jocelyne Cesari]] and Lini S. May similarly identify him as its founder.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cesari |first=Jocelyne |author-link=Jocelyne Cesari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSvIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |title=When Islam and Democracy Meet: Muslims in Europe and in the United States |date=2004-12-09 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4039-7856-1 |page=93 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=May |first=Lini S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4tWAAAAMAAJ&q=Haji+Muhammad+Abid |title=The Evolution of Indo-Muslim Thought After 1857 |date=1970 |publisher=Sh. Muhammad Ashraf |location=[[Lahore]] |page=124 |language=en}}</ref>

The journal ''Hamdard Islamicus'' highlights that Abid's initiative came in response to the collapse of Delhi's madrasa after 1857,<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpeZAAAAIAAJ&q=Haji+Muhammad+Abid |title=Hamdard Islamicus: Quarterly Journal of the Hamdard National Foundation, Pakistan |date=1990 |publisher=Hamdard National Foundation |page=96 |language=en}}</ref> and Kuldip Kaur further emphasizes that Abid personally laid the foundation stone on 30 May 1866 as the leader of the group of scholars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Kuldip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5CexAAAAIAAJ&q=haji+muhammad+abid |title=Madrasa Education in India: A Study of Its Past and Present |date=1990 |publisher=Centre for Research in Rural & Industrial Development |page=55 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
* [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]]
* [[Sayyid Muhammad Abid]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Madrasas in India]]
[[Category:Islam in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1866]]
[[Category:1866 establishments in India]]

Enduri pitha

2025-12-19T02:23:18Z

Palashkhanra73: added the pg needs work

{{short description|Variety of pitha made in Odisha, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Enduri pitha
| alternate_name = Haldi patra pitha
| image = Enduri Pitha.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Enduri pitha for Prathamashtami
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[Odisha]]
| creator =
| course = [[Dessert]]
| type =
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Rice flour]], [[turmeric]] leaves, [[black gram]], [[coconut]] or [[chhena]], [[jaggery]], [[black pepper]]
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}

'''Enḍuri piṭhā''' ([[Odia language|Odia]]- ଏଣ୍ଡୁରି ପିଠା), also known as '''haḷadi patra piṭhā''' ([[Odia language|Odia]]- ହଳଦି ପତ୍ର ପିଠା), is a variety of [[pitha]] made in the Indian state of [[Odisha]], mostly in the northern, eastern and central regions.<ref name="MohantyPatnaik">{{cite book|author1=Gopinath Mohanty|author2=Jeeban Kumar Patnaik|author3=Santosha Kumāra Ratha|author4=Harish Chandra Das|author5=Amiya Kumar Pattanayak|author6=Haripada Satpathy|title=Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal|year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cENQAQAAIAAJ|publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad|isbn=9788190276153 }}</ref> Ingredients are [[turmeric]] leaves, [[black gram]], [[rice flour]], [[coconut]] or [[chhena]], [[jaggery]], and [[black pepper]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Classic Cooking of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj_qBSIfgdIC&pg=PA65|year=2010|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-584-4|pages=65–}}</ref> Enduri is mostly prepared during [[Prathamastami]]<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/oriyas-prefer-enduri-pitha-on-prathamashtami/article923205.ece |title=The Hindu: Odias prefer 'Enduri Pitha' on 'Prathamashtami' |first= |last= |work=thehindu.com|date=29 November 2010 |quote=‘Enduri Pitha' a traditional delicacy of Odisha to showcase the medicinal properties of turmeric plant was prepared in most Odia households on Monday to mark the celebration of ‘Prathamashtami' |accessdate=3 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="Raut1988">{{cite book|author=Lakshmi Narayan Raut|title=Socio-economic life in medieval Orissa, 1568-1751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dStuAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Punthi Pustak|isbn=978-81-85094-18-2}}</ref> and [[Manabasa Gurubara]].<ref name="DasPatnaik1982">{{cite book|author1=Raicharan Das|author2=Dhirendranath Patnaik|title=Festivals of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9PQAAAAMAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi}}</ref> It is a light snack and has a laxative effect because of the turmeric leaves that are used to wrap the pitha. Traditionally, enduri were made by steaming in large earthen pots.<ref name="India1960">{{cite book|author=Anthropological Survey of India|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ps8qAAAAMAAJ|year=1960}}</ref> Enduri is one of the many other pithas offered to [[Jagannath]] in the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri]] for ''[[breakfast|sakala dhupa]]'' (breakfast).<ref>{{cite book|title=Orissa Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwlDAAAAYAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Home Department, Government of Orissa}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Orissa reference: glimpses of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RBuAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=TechnoCAD Systems}}</ref><ref name="(India)">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri|year=1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ScLAQAAIAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref>

[[File:Enduri.jpg|thumb|''Enduri'' made during Prathamastami]]

==See also==
*[[Muthia]]
*[[Odia cuisine]]
*[[Prathamastami]]
*[[List of steamed foods]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Dumplings}}
{{india-cuisine-stub}}
{{Indian Dishes}}
{{Commons category|Enduri}}

[[Category:Cuisine of Odisha]]
[[Category:Steamed foods]]
[[Category:Indian snack foods]]

Jagtar Singh (footballer)

2025-12-09T12:52:19Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1980)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jagtar Singh
| image =
| fullname = Jagtar Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|03|15}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India]]
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| height = {{height|m=1.78}}
| position = [[Striker (association football)|Striker]]
| youthyears1 = 2003–2006
| youthyears2 = 2006–2010
| youthclubs1 = Mahilpur Academy
| youthclubs2 = [[Tata Football Academy|TFA]]
| years1 = 2010–2011
| years2 = 2011–2012
| years3 = 2012–13
| clubs1 = [[Indian Arrows]]
| clubs2 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
| clubs3 = [[United Sikkim F.C.]]
| caps1 = 7
| caps2 = 2 
| caps3 = 0
| goals1 = 1
| goals2 = 0
| goals3 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2007–2008
| nationalyears2 = 2009–2011
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-19 football team|India U19]]
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalcaps2 = 12
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| nationalgoals2 = 1
| pcupdate =
| ntupdate =
}}

'''Jagtar Singh''' (born 1990) is an Indian [[soccer|football]] player, who plays as a striker.

==Career==
He was born in Batla, [[Punjab, India]]. He started playing for his village team, Jitosarai, as a [[striker (association football)|striker]]. In 2003, he joined [[Mahilpur]] Academy. He stayed in the Academy till 2005. Though mostly he played as a [[striker (association football)|striker]], sometimes he also played as a right half.

He got selected in the U-17 national school tournament. He played for 3 years in the tournament and won twice. It was during one of these years the year the tournament was held at [[Kashmir]], they beat [[Manipur]] 2-1 in the final. Playing in the forward line, he scored the 1st goal in the final. He also was the highest scorer in that tournament.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview of Jagtar Singh|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/i-will-have-to-prove-myself-whenever-coach-tries-me-out-jagtar-singh|accessdate=6 December 2013|archive-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213131727/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/i-will-have-to-prove-myself-whenever-coach-tries-me-out-jagtar-singh|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===TFA===
It was because of [[Rakesh Masih]] that he joined [[Tata Football Academy]] in 2006. Masih asked him repeatedly to appear for a trial at the TFA, and eventually he got selected.

Within 1 month of his joining the TFA, he got selected to play in the Sub Junior National for Jharkhand. Carlton Chapman was the coach in the tournament which was held in [[Bhilai]]. He scored 4 goals in the tournament. In the final, they beat [[West Bengal]] 2-0, he scored one of the goals.

===Indian Arrows===
For the [[I-League 2010-11|2010-11 I-League]] season Jagtar Singh will play for [[I-League]] newcomers [[Indian Arrows]]. Indian Arrows is only made up of [[India national under-20 football team|Indian Under-19]] players. On 22 December 2010 Singh scored his first ever goal for [[Indian Arrows]] in there 2-1 win over [[Air India FC]].

===Mohun Bagan AC===
After his one-year stint with [[Indian Arrows]] finished Singh signed for [[Mohun Bagan AC]].

===United Sikkim F.C===
For the I-League 2012-13 season, he has signed for [[United Sikkim F.C.]]

==International==
Jagtar was part of the [[India national under-19 football team|India U-19 team]] that went to [[Germany]]. He also played for the U-19 team in [[2008 AFC Youth Championship qualification]] in [[Iran]].

He was part of the team that went to play the [[2009 SAFF Championship]] in Bangladesh. It was an U-23 tournament and where they emerged winners.

He also played in the AFC Challenge Cup in [[Sri Lanka]] and [[2010 Asian Games]] as part of the [[India national under-23 football team|U-23 Indian team]].

==Honours==

'''India U23'''
*[[SAFF Championship]]: [[2009 SAFF Championship|2009]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://mohunbaganac.com/SEPT08/playerdetails.php?playerId=153 Mohun Bagan Official Website Player's profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121142848/http://mohunbaganac.com/SEPT08/playerdetails.php?playerId=153 |date=21 November 2011 }}
* [http://mohunbaganac.com/SEPT08/news_details.php?newsid=924 Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925111110/http://mohunbaganac.com/SEPT08/news_details.php?newsid=924 |date=25 September 2011 }} at Mohun Bagan official website

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jagtar}}
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Footballers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian Arrows players]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]

Regional Cancer Centres

2025-12-09T12:02:24Z

Palashkhanra73: New initial details initial version

{{Short description|Cancer hospitals and institutes in India}}
'''Regional Cancer Centres''' ('''RCC'''s) are [[cancer]] care hospitals and research institutes operating in [[India]] under the joint control and funding of the [[Government of India]] and the respective [[States of India|state]] governments. The name 'regional' because each of these institutions cater to a designated region, usually a number of districts in the country. There are presently 62 such centres spanning all the states and union territories of India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=List of Centers |url=https://tmc.gov.in/index.php/en/list-of-center |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=tmc.gov.in }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This system works under the ''National Cancer Control Programme'' which started in 1975 under the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)]].<ref name="india.gov-nccp">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111018014423/http://india.gov.in/sectors/health_family/index.php?id=11 Government of India. 'National Cancer Control Programme'.]</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nihfw.org/NationalHealthProgramme/NATIONALCANCERCONTROLPROGRAMME.html| title=National Cancer Control Programme| publisher=The National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Indian [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]]}}</ref> The scheme originally started with 5 RCCs for 5 designated regions of the nation. Later this number was increased in steps. The [[Tata Memorial Centre]] at Mumbai is the oldest and the most comprehensive amongst these centres. Similar to these are the 72 [[NCI-designated Cancer Center]]s in the US.

== Regional Cancer Centres in India ==
Regional Cancer Centres, presently approved and funded by the central government are:<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Caption text
|-
! Regional Cancer Centre !! City!! State
|-
| Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer|| Cuttack|| Odisha
|-
| Acharya Tulsi Regional Cancer Trust & Research Institute|| Bikaner || Rajasthan

|-
| ACTREC || New Mumbai || Maharashtra

|-
| [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]|| New Delhi|| Delhi
|-
| Anna Memorial Cancer Research Institute || Kancheepuram || Tamil Nadu

|-
| [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]|| Bhubaneshwar || Odisha

|-
| [[Amrita Hospital, Kochi|Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Institute]]|| Kochi || Kerala

|-
| Army Medical Corps of Indian Army || New Delhi || Delhi
|-
| Arunachal State Hospital || Naharlagun|| Arunachal Pradesh

|-
| [[Aster Medcity]]|| Kochi || Kerala
|-
| Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Institute & Research Centre || Hyderabad || Telangana
|-
| [[Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre]] || Silchar || Assam
|-
| Cancer Hospital & Research Centre || Gwalior || Madhya Pradesh
|-
| Cancer Institute (WIA) || Chennai|| Tamil Nadu

|-
| Cancer Research and Relief Trust || Chennai|| Tamil Nadu

|-
| Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute || Kolkata|| West Bengal

|-
| Christian Medical College || Vellore || Tamil Nadu
|-
| Civil Hospital - Agartala || Agartala || Tripura
|-
| Delhi State Cancer Institutes || New Delhi || Delhi
|-
| Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute || Guwahati || Assam
|-
| G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital || Coimbatore || Tamil Nadu

|-
| GBH American Hospital || Udaipur|| Rajasthan

|-
| Government Medical College - Jammu || Jammu|| Jammu
|-
| Government Medical College - Nagpur || Nagpur|| Maharashtra

|-
| Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute || Ahmedabad || Gujarat

|-
| HealthCare Global Enterprises- Bangalore || Bangalore|| Karnataka

|-
| Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust || Dehradun|| Uttarakhand

|-
| Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (TMC) || Visakhapatnam|| Andhra Pradesh

|-
| Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital (TMC) || Sangrur || Punjab
|-
| Indian Rotary Cancer Institute (AIIMS) || New Delhi || Delhi
|-
| Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences || Patna|| Bihar
|-
| Indira Gandhi Medical College - RCC || Shimla || Himachal Pradesh

|-
| Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology || Noida|| Uttar Pradesh

|-
| Jehangir Hospital - Jehangir Clinical Development Centre || Pune || Maharashtra
|-
| Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital || Allahabad|| Uttar Pradesh

|-
| Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology || Bengaluru || Karnataka
|-
| Kolhapur Cancer Center || Kolhapur|| Maharashtra
|-
| M P Birla Hospital, Priyamvada Birla Cancer Research Institute || Satna|| Madhya Pradesh

|-
| M S Patel Cancer Centre (Charutar Aroghya Mandal) || Anand|| Gujarat

|-
| Madras Cancer Care Foundation || Chennai|| Tamil Nadu

|-
| Majumdar Shaw Cancer Centre || Bangalore || Karnataka

|-
| Malabar Cancer Centre || Kannur|| Kerala
|-
| Max Healthcare Inst. Ltd. || New Delhi || Delhi
|-
| Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Aizawl || Aizwal|| Mizoram
|-
| MNJ Institute of Oncology || Hyderabad || Telangana
|-
| Naga Hospital Authority, Kohima (NHAK) || Kohima|| Nagaland
|-
| Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences || Hyderabad|| Telangana
|-
| Oncology Padhar Hospital || Betul|| Madhya Pradesh

|-
| Pondicherry cancer Care Society JIPMER || Puducherry|| Puducherry
|-
| Pt. B.D. Sharma PG Inst of Med Sci || Rohtak|| Haryana
|-
| R S T Cancer Hospital & Research Centre || Nagpur|| Maharashtra

|-
| R&R Hospital (Armed Forces) || New Delhi || Delhi
|-
| [[Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram|Regional Cancer Centre]]|| Thiruvananthapuram || Kerala

|-
| Regional Institute of Medical Sciences || Imphal || Manipur
|-
| Sanchetee hospital || Jodhpur || Rajasthan

|-
| Sanjay Gandhi PGI of Medical Sciences || Lucknow|| Uttar Pradesh

|-
| Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences || Srinagar|| Jammu & Kashmir

|-
| SMS Medical College || Jaipur|| Rajasthan

|-
| St. John's NAMS || Bangalore|| Karnataka
|-
| State Cancer Society of Meghalaya || Shillong|| Meghalaya

|-
| Tata Medical Centre || Kolkata|| West Bengal
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|33em}}

[[Category:Regional Cancer Centres in India| ]]
[[Category:Hospital networks in India]]

Pirpainti

2025-11-20T14:24:17Z

Palashkhanra73: New initial info added tags

{{Short description|Town in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pirpainti
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Pirpainti railway station]]
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India3
| coordinates = {{coord|25.3242|N|87.4283|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhagalpur division|Bhagalpur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of subdivisions of Bihar|Sub-division]]
| subdivision_name4 = Kahalgaon
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Nagar panchayat]]
| governing_body = Pirpainti Nagar panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 25
| population_total = 9021
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities In India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=4 October 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Angika]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Masica |first1=Colin P. |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |date=9 September 1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&pg=PA12 |language=en}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[ Pirpainti Assembly constituency |Pirpainti]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Pirpainti''' is a town and a [[notified area]] in the [[Bhagalpur district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Bihar]]. It comes under Pirpainti Block of Kahalgaon subdivision of the Bhagalpur district and is part of [[Pirpainti Assembly constituency]]. It is classified as [[nagar panchayat]] under administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of Nagar Panchayat, Pirpainti, Bhagalpur |url=https://bhagalpur.nic.in/notice/office-of-nagar-panchayat-pirpainti-bhagalpur/ |website=bhagalpur.nic.in |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name in itself is composed of two terms "Pir" and "payat". "Pir" is related to saints while "payat" in local terms means sitting in group for holistic purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gazetteers - India - Bihar - Bhagalpur |url=https://archive.org/search?query=subject:%22Gazetteers+-+India+-+Bihar+-+Bhagalpur%22 |website=archive.org |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>

==Geography==
Pirpainti is located in the eastern part of Bhagalpur district, Bihar, along the southern bank of the Ganges River. The town lies at an average elevation of around 25–45 metres (82–148 ft) above sea level, with the terrain largely consisting of flat, fertile alluvial plains shaped by the river.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Free topographic maps, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-in.topographic-map.com/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Topographic maps |language=en}}</ref> It is bordered by Kahalgaon block to the west, Manihari in [[Katihar district]] to the east, and Mehrma and [[Mandro]] blocks in [[Jharkhand]] to the south.

Nearby towns include [[Bhagalpur]] (53 km to the west) and [[Kahalgaon]], which is about 32 km away and serves as a local economic hub.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Bhagalpur District Census HandBook 2011 (Pirpainti Town) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/259/download/686/DH_2011_1022_PART_B_DCHB_BHAGALPUR.pdf |journal=2011 Census of India |volume=Part XII-B |issue=11 |pages=32,33}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Pirpainti had a total population of 9021, of which 4,786 were males and 4,235 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 1,774. Average sex ratio of Pirpainti village is 885 which is lower than Bihar state average of 918. Child sex ratio for the Pirpainti as per census is 993, higher than Bihar average of 935. The total number of literates in Pirpainti was 3791, which constituted 42.02%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Pirpainti was 52.31%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 62 and 54 respectively. Pirpainti had 1,635 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Pirpainti |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Literacy Rate
|52.31%
|-
!Total Working Population
|30.45%
|-
!Main Working Population
|33.99%
|-
!Marginal Working Population
|63.01%
|-
!Total Population
|9021
!Total male
|4786
!Total female
|4235
|}

==Transport==
[[Pirpainti railway station]] is situated on [[Sahibganj Loop]] of the [[Malda railway division]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=TTI|title=PPT / Pirpainti Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Pirpainti|url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/ppt/|access-date=6 June 2021|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bhagalpur district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bhagalpur district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Anga Desh]]

Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development

2025-08-11T04:11:21Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Short description|Uttar Pradesh government department}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}

{{Infobox Government agency
| agency_name = Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development
| seal = Seal of Uttar Pradesh.svg
| jurisdiction = [[Uttar Pradesh|State of Uttar Pradesh]]
| headquarters = Lal Bahadur Shastri Bhawan (Annexy Building), Sarojini Naidu Marg, [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name = ":410" />
| coordinates = {{Coordinates|26.838992|80.943685|display=inline, title}}
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Yogi Adityanath]]
| minister1_pfo = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
| minister2_name = [[Nand Gopal Gupta]]
| minister2_pfo = Minister of Industrial Development
| chief1_name = Dr. [[Anup Chandra Pandey]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of Uttar Pradesh and Infrastructure, Industrial Development Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh and Chairperson of [[Udyog Bandhu]]
| website = {{Official website|http://udyogbandhu.com/}}
| logo =
| employees =
| chief2_name = Rajesh Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief2_position = [[Principal secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]]
| chief3_name = Santosh Kumar Yadav, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief3_position = Secretary and Executive Director of Udyog Bandhu
| chief4_name = M. P. Agarwal
| chief4_position = Secretary
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
| formed = {{start date and age|2007}} {{small|(in its current form)}}
| deputyminister1_name = Jaswant Saini
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Minister of State]] for Industrial Development
| native_name_r =
| preceding1 = Department of Industrial Development
| preceding2 = Department of Infrastructure Development
| type = Department
}}

The '''Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development''', also known as '''Infrastructure and Industrial Development Department''' (IIDD) is a department of the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]. The department was established to create an enabling environment for industrial growth in Uttar Pradesh. It was reconstituted in 2007, after the Government of Uttar Pradesh merged the Department of Industrial Development with the newly created Department of Infrastructure. The department is the responsibility of a cabinet minister of the Uttar Pradesh government, but, its administration is headed by the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh, who is an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS Officer]].

== Functions ==
The Department serves as a facilitator of infrastructure development in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The department and its attached organisations develop buildings, expressways and other infrastructure to attract investors to the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://udyogbandhu.com/topics.aspx?mid=About%20IIDD|title=About us - Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213121603/http://udyogbandhu.com/topics.aspx?mid=About%20IIDD |archive-date=13 February 2014 |url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref>

=== Udyog Bandhu ===
Udyog Bandhu is a registered society set up by the Uttar Pradesh government to help entrepreneurs who want to invest in the state. It is headed by the state's [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|chief minister]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://udyogbandhu.com/topics.aspx?mid=About%20Udyog%20Bandhu|title=About us - Udyog Bandhu|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210093030/http://udyogbandhu.com/topics.aspx?mid=About%20Udyog%20Bandhu |archive-date=10 December 2013 |url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref> But the daily affairs of the organisation are handled by its chairperson and its executive director, both of whom are [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officers]].<ref name=":2" /> The current{{when|date=August 2019}} chairperson of Udyog Bandhu is [[Anup Chandra Pandey]], who also serves as the chief secretary of Uttar Pradesh and the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh,<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow/20180701/281513636897167|title=Anoop [''sic''] Chandra Pandey takes charge as chief secretary|date=1 July 2018|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|others=HT correspondent|publication-place=[[Lucknow]]|via=[[PressReader]]|issn=0972-0243|oclc=231696742|access-date=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/anup-chandra-pandey-took-over-as-the-new-chief-secretary-of-up.html|title=Anup Chandra Pandey took over as the new Chief Secretary of UP|date=1 July 2018|work=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|access-date=31 October 2018|publisher=[[Chandan Mitra]]|agency=Pioneer News Service|publication-place=[[Lucknow]]}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/anup-chandra-pandey-takes-charge-as-new-chief-secretary-of-up/states/news/1275537.html|title=Anup Chandra Pandey takes charge as new Chief Secretary of UP|date=30 June 2018|website=[[United News of India]]|publication-place=[[Lucknow]]|access-date=31 October 2018|agency=United News of India}}</ref> whereas, its current{{when|date=August 2019}} executive director of Udyog Bandhu is Santosh Kumar Yadav.<ref name=":5" />

On the divisional level, Udyog Bandhu meetings are chaired by the [[Divisional commissioner (India)|divisional commissioner]] of that [[Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh|division]],<ref name=":2" /> whilst on the district level, Udyog Bandhu meetings are chaired by the [[District collector (India)|district magistrate and collector]] of that [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|district]].<ref name=":2" />

== Sections in the IIDD ==
There are six sections in IIDD, namely Section-1, Section-2, Section-3, Section-4, Section-5, and Section-6, each dealing with matters allotted to it.<ref name=":1" />

== Important officials ==

=== Departmental level ===
[[Satish Mahana]], serves as the departmental minister,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/yogi-adityanath-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-retains-home-department-with-himself/articleshow/57774080.cms|title=Yogi Adityanath allocates portfolios to ministers, retains home department with himself|last=|first=|date=22 March 2017|website=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323035715/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/yogi-adityanath-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers-retains-home-department-with-himself/articleshow/57774080.cms |archive-date=23 March 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/live-updates-on-uttar-pradesh-govt-portfolios-keshav-prasad-maurya-gets-pwd/story-JafGBgr7Oe7VXxcBsnAOdM.html|title=CM Yogi Adityanath keeps home, revenue: UP portfolio allocation highlights|last=|first=|date=22 March 2017|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322180752/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/live-updates-on-uttar-pradesh-govt-portfolios-keshav-prasad-maurya-gets-pwd/story-JafGBgr7Oe7VXxcBsnAOdM.html |archive-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upcmo.up.nic.in/cabinet_minister.htm|title=Cabinet Ministers|website=[[Uttar Pradesh]] CMO|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Government]]|access-date=10 April 2017|archive-date=1 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101095425/http://upcmo.up.nic.in/cabinet_minister.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Suresh Kumar (Indian politician)|Suresh Rana]] serves as the Minister of State for Infrastructure and Industrial Development.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upcmo.up.nic.in/state_minister_ic.htm|title=Ministers Of State (Independent Charge)|website=[[Uttar Pradesh]] CMO|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Government]]|access-date=10 April 2017}}</ref>

The administration of department is normally headed by the [[Principal secretary (India)|principal secretary]] responsible for it, who is an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]]. The principal secretary is assisted by two secretaries, four special secretaries and three joint, deputy or under secretaries.<ref name=":410" /> The current principal secretary is Rajesh Kumar Singh.<ref name=":410" />

Presently, the [[Chief secretary (India)|chief secretary]] of Uttar Pradesh serves as the administrative head of the Department Infrastructure and Industrial Development as the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner. The current chief secretary is [[Anup Chandra Pandey]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Important officials<ref name=":410">{{Cite web|url=http://udyogbandhu.com/topics.aspx?mid=Infrastructure%20and%20Industrial%20Development%20Deptt|title=List of Officials of Infrastructure & Industrial Development Department|website=Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref>
!Name
!Designation
|-
|Dr. [[Anup Chandra Pandey]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|[[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of Uttar Pradesh and Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner of Uttar Pradesh
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|[[Principal secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]]
|-
|Santosh Kumar Yadav, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| rowspan="2" |Secretary
|-
|M. P. Agarwal, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|-
|Ankit Agarwal, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| rowspan="4" |Special Secretary
|-
|Arun Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|-
|P. K. Pandey, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|-
|Arun Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|}

== Autonomous, attached and subordinate bodies ==
The department has attached to it numerous undertakings of the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]], excluding [[Noida|NOIDA Authority]], [[Greater Noida|Greater NOIDA Authority]], Yamuna Expressway Authority, the [[Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority]] and the [[Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation]]. The department has also attached to it a registered society in Udyog Bandhu.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Heads of Public Sector Undertakings and Autonomous bodies<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://udyogbandhu.com/topics.aspx?mid=UdyogBandhu|title=List of Udyog Bandhu Officials|website=Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development and Udyog Bandhu, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upeida.in/en/page/who's-who|title=Who's Who|website=[[Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority]], Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.noidaauthorityonline.com/contact-us.html|title=Contact Us|website=[[NOIDA Authority]], Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103000246/http://noidaauthorityonline.com/contact-us.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greaternoida.com/keyoff|title=Key Management|website=[[Greater NOIDA Authority]], Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://onlineupsidc.com/HeadOffice.aspx|title=Head Office|website=[[Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation]], Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yamunaexpresswayauthority.com/keyoff|title=Key Officials of YEA|website=[[Yamuna Expressway Authority]], Department of Infrastructure and Industrial Development, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|url-status=dead|access-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125543/http://yamunaexpresswayauthority.com/keyoff|archive-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>
!Name
!Designation
|-
| rowspan="2" |Dr. [[Anup Chandra Pandey]], [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Chairperson of [[#Udyog Bandhu|Udyog Bandhu]]
|-
|Chairperson of [[Greater Noida|Greater Noida Industrial
Development Authority]] (GNIDA)
|-
|Dr. Prabhat Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Chairperson of Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA)
|-
|Alok Tandon, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Chairperson and CEO of [[Noida|NOIDA Authority]]
|-
|Avanish Kumar Awasthi, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Chairman and CEO of the [[Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority]] (UPEIDA)
|-
|Rajesh Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Managing director of the [[Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation]] (UPSIDC)
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://udyogbandhu.com/}}

[[Category:Government agencies established in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government departments of Uttar Pradesh|Infrastructure and Industrial Development]]
[[Category:Subnational industry ministries|Uttar Pradesh]]

Rajasthan Lok Adalat

2025-07-29T11:43:42Z

Palashkhanra73: New basic article v1

{{Short description|Dispute resolution mechanism in India}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Rajasthan State Legal Services Authority
| nativename =
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| patch =
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| formed = 7 July 1998
| preceding1 =
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| country = India
| federal = No
| map =
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| headquarters = Rajasthan Lok Adalat, Nodal Officer : RAVIKANT SONI, RJS (DY. SECRETARY-II)<ref name="rla ref1">{{cite web |title=Rajasthan State Legal Services Authority |url=http://www.rlsa.gov.in/lok-adalat.html |website=www.rlsa.gov.in |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>
| hqlocmap =
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| chief1name = Mr Justice Inderajit Mahanty
| chief1position = Chief Justice, Rajasthan High Court & Patron-in-Chief
| parentagency =
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'''Rajasthan Lok Adalat''' or Rajasthan State Legal Services Authority (People's Court) is an [[statutory]] and [[autonomous]] body and an [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism used in the state of [[Rajasthan]]. The Rajasthan Lok Adalat Act is designed to provide [[constitution]]al protection guaranteed under Article 14 and 39-A of the [[Constitution of India]], of “ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL”. It is a legal system to resolve pending cases at Panchayat or rural places, those in a pre-litigation stage in courts are resolved amicably.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2018-04-25/Lok-Adalat/376372?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It is recognised as statutory authority under the [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987|Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987]] and the [[Lok Adalat]]s award or decision are deemed to be civil court case and final and enforceable on both parties.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /> Such an award is not appealable in any court of law in the absence of any provision. However, by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction, litigation can be initiated by any party in the suit if any of them are dissatisfied with the decision of the Lok Adalat (in the absence of any provision for appeal against such award).<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-26|title=Lok Adalat|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/lok-adalat|access-date=2021-07-16|website=nalsa.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

"Section 22 B of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 provides for the establishment of Permanent Lok Adalats (PLA) for exercising jurisdiction in respect of one or more [[public utility]] services (PUS). Section 22 A of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 states what constitutes 'Public Utility Services' for the purpose of Permanent Lok Adalat".<ref>{{cite web|title=Permanent Lok Adalat|url=http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|publisher=Haryana State Legal Services Authority|access-date=2021-12-25|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113842/http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History and administration ==
Rajasthan Lok Adalat formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and to implement the provisions of Constitution which had been drafted to help every citizen to get justice irrespective of their economic or other limitations. The primary value laid down as per Indian Constitutional philosophy is individual dignity which forms the basis of human rights and demands on a holistic basis of civil, political, economical, social, and cultural rights.

Rajasthan Lok Adalat is formed with objective and purpose of ensuring and providing visible, practical and positive initiatives{{cn|date=July 2022}} ensuring equality and non bias decisions as laid down in Constitution of India and assumes significance due to illiteracy and poverty prevalent in India.

Lok Adalats are constituted at below levels:<ref name="Lok Ref2">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalats unclog a choked justice delivery system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/lok-adalats-unclog-a-choked-justice-delivery-system-1034264.html |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

*State Authorities.
*High Court.
*District and Taluk level.

1. Chairman.

2. Secretaries.
*Mandal Committees.
*Mediation Centres.

Types of Lok Adalat:
* Permanent Lok Adalat - Provides mechanism for adjudging cases referred under public utility services like transport, postal and telegraph.
* National Lok Adalat - Held from year 2015, every month on specific topic across India. These are held on a single day disposing off large number of pending cases.
* Mega Lok Adalat - Held across all courts in state in a single day.
* Mobile Lok Adalats - These types of Lok Adalats are organised occasionally which travel from one place to other across country occasionally and help resolving disputes.

Mr Justice Inderajit Mahanty, Chief Justice, Rajasthan High Court, is current patron in Chief of Rajasthan Lok Adalat.<ref name="rla ref4">{{cite news |title=First E-Lok Adalat a huge success |url=https://www.indialegallive.com/first-e-lok-adalat-a-huge-success/ |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=India Legal |date=22 August 2020}}</ref>

== Lok Adalat Committee and complaint procedures ==

Lok Adalat settles disputes which can be mutually resolved and mostly relating to [[Matrimonial law|matrimonial]], [[damages]] and partition suits.<ref name="rla ref2">{{cite news |title=National Lok Adalat to be held today {{!}} Jaipur News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/national-lok-adalat-to-be-held-today/articleshow/86101985.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=11 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The following are the requirements of the cases before Lok Adalat:<ref name="Lok Ref2" />

* Lok Adalat takes up cases which are civil in nature (including marriage, and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases.<ref name="rla ref5">{{cite news |title=National Lok Adalat on July 10 {{!}} Jaipur News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/national-lok-adalat-on-july-10/articleshow/84156105.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |publisher=The Times of India |date=6 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* It accepts cases pending in regular court under their jurisdiction.
* The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement.
* The court fee paid initially in the court for the complaints/petition is refunded to the parties, as no court fee is chargeable if a matter referred in the Lok Adalat and is resolved with parties agreeing to bind by it.
* Procedural laws and the [[Indian Evidence Act|Evidence Act]] are not strictly followed while assessing claims.
* Decisions are binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.

The following types of cases can be admitted in Lok Adalat.<ref name="Mahar Adal Ref1"/>

1. Any dispute or case pending in any court of law in India.

* Criminal offences which are compoundable.
* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Issues relating to recovery of money.
* Issues under Indian Motor Vehicles Act,1988.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc. excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* Issues relating to Matrimony.

2. Any dispute to be planned to filed in Court but did not come up for hearing in front of it. Following Pre-Litigation cases can also be filed in Lok-Adalat.

* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Cases relating to recovery of money.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc. excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* General Maintenance related disputes.
* Other Miscellaneous cases which are civil disputes, criminal compoundable cases and matrimonial disputes.

However, any legal issue which is not compoundable as per the Indian Legal Systems cannot be taken up in the Lok Adalat.

As the members are presiding Lok Adalat as statutory conciliators and not in judicial capacity they can only persuade the parties to come to a settlement. Sometimes counselling sessions are also held between opposing parties.
The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement and if they are unable to do so, it is referred to the Permanent Lok Adalat for deciding the case provided the case is not related to compoundable offence.

Rajasthan Lok Adalat, as per Supreme Court judgement, is formed to arrive at a compromise or solution between parties in dispute and hence does not have jurisdiction to go into merits of complaint.<ref name="and lok ref15">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat can't decide cases on merits|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lok-adalat-cant-decide-cases-on-merits-sc-1041603.html |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=deccanherald.com |date=18 October 2021}}</ref>

Rajasthan Lok Adalat organised first E-Lok Adalat in August'2020.<ref name="rla ref4" />

== Details of cases resolved ==

*Rajasthan Lok Adalat resolved 33476 cases out of 47,654 cases brought before it in the first online Lok-Adalat organised by it in August'2020.
*Rajasthan Lok Adalat organised offline and online Lok adalat in July 2021 taking up 34000 cases in pre-litigation and 1.23lakh cases in various stages in court.<ref name="rla ref5" />

== See also ==
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008]]
* [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.rlsa.gov.in/lok-adalat.html Official website]

{{Lok Adalat}}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Lok Adalat]]

MNX (TV channel)

2025-07-07T18:27:57Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{short description|Indian television channel}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|Company|date=July 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2021}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = MNX
| website =
| iptv_serv_1 =
| cable_chan_1 =
| cable_serv_1 =
| sat_chan_1 =
| sat_serv_1 =
| sat_chan_4 =
| sat_serv_4 =
| sat_chan_3 =
| sat_serv_3 =
| sat_chan_2 =
| sat_serv_2 =
| sat_chan_5 =
| sat_serv_5 =
| area = India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar & North America
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| former_names = Movies Now 2 (2016–2017)
| language = [[English language|English]]
| country = [[India]]
| owner = [[The Times Group]]
| sister_channels = [[Times Now]] [[ET Now]] [[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]] [[Romedy Now]] [[MN+]] [[Movies Now]] [[Mirror Now]] ET Now Swadesh
| picture_format = [[576i]] ([[16:9]]/[[4:3]]) ([[SDTV]]) [[1080i]] ([[HDTV]])
| launch_date = {{Launch date and age|df=y|24 June 2016}}
| logo = MNX_new_logo.png
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2017
}}
'''MNX''' is an Indian [[English language]] movie television channel. It was launched on 24 June 2016 as Movies Now 2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Times Network's Movies Now 2 channel goes on air today|url=https://www.adgully.com/times-network-s-movies-now-2-channel-goes-on-air-today-67434.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.adgully.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2016-06-23|title=Times Network announces Movies Now 2 launch|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/times-network-announces-movies-now-2-launch/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=BizAsia|language=en-GB}}</ref> from [[The Times Group]]. On 15 July 2017, it was rebranded as MNX channel, focused on [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] films.<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 18, 2017|title=Times Network rebrands Movies Now 2 as MNX|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2017/07/times-network-rebrands-movies-now-2-as-mnx/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.bestmediaifo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Movies Now 2 gets its own identity in MNX|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/movies-now-2-gets-its-own-identity-in-mnx-69760.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|language=en}}</ref>

It has exclusive content licensing from films produced or distributed by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|Metro Goldwyn Mayer]] and has content licensing from [[Universal Pictures]], [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[20th Century Studios]], [[Warner Bros.|Warner Bros]] and [[Paramount Pictures]].

==See also ==
*[[Movies Now]]
*[[The Times Group]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{The Times Group}}

[[Category:Television in India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2016]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Movie channels in India]]
[[Category:English-language television stations in India]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Television channels of The Times Group]]

{{India-tv-station-stub}}

H. K. Patil

2025-05-23T13:30:18Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Hanumanthagouda Krishnegouda Patil
|image = [[File:H K Patil.jpg|H K Patil|200px]]
|imagesize =
|caption =
|office = Member of [[15th Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start = 19 May 2018
|office1 = Incharge of [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] for [[Maharashtra]]
|president1 = [[Sonia Gandhi]] and [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
|predecessor1 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
|successor1 = [[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|term_start1 = 11 September 2020
|term_end1 = 24 December 2023
|office2 = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Rural Development]] and [[Panchayat Raj]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
|term_start2 = 18 May 2013
|term_end2 = 17 May 2018
|predecessor2 = [[Jagadish Shettar]]
|successor2 = [[Krishna Byre Gowda]]
|office3 = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Law]] and [[Parliamentary Affairs]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
|term_start3 = 19 December 2004
|term_end3 = 1 February 2006
|predecessor3 = [[M. P. Prakash]]
|successor3 = [[Basavaraj Horatti]]
|office4 = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Agriculture]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
|term_start4 = 12 December 2003
|term_end4 = 28 May 2004
|predecessor4 =
|successor4 =
|office5 = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Water Resources]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
|term_start5 = 17 October 1999
|term_end5 = 12 December 2003
|predecessor5 =
|successor5 =
|office6 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Council|Leader of Opposition]] [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
|term_start6 = 28 December 1994
|term_end6 = 16 October 1999
|predecessor6 =
|successor6 =
|office7 = [[Minister (government)|Minister of state]] for [[Textiles]], [[Government of Karnataka]]
|term_start7 = 20 January 1992
|term_end7 = 11 December 1994
| office8 =
Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start8 = 20 May 2023<ref>{{Cite web| title = K. H. Muniyappa sworn as Cabinet Minister in Government of Karnataka|url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/karnataka-cm-siddaramaiah-swearing-in-ceremony-know-about-kh-muniyappa-who-became-cabinet-minister-in-siddaramaiah-govt-2412517/amp}}</ref>
| term_end8 =
| governor8 = [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname8 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata8 = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm8 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice8 = [[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname8 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata8 = *'''Law, Parliamentary Affairs, Legislation, Tourism.'''
| predecessor =
| successor =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|8|15|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Hulkoti]], [[Karnataka State]], [[India]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|spouse = Hema H Patil<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140305101746/http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/Sri%20H%20K%20%20Patil.htm Sri H.K. Patil Graduates Constituency (Indian National Congress)</ref>
|children = 1 Son, 2 Daughters
|father = [[K. H. Patil]]
|alma_mater =
| 1blankname = Chief Minister(s)
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]], [[N. Dharam Singh]], [[S. M. Krishna]], [[Veerappa Moily]]
| profession = Journalist
| nationality = Indian
| education = [[Bachelor of Science]], [[Bachelor of Law]]
| residence = Hulakoti, Gadag Dist – 582 205
}}

'''Hanumanthagowda Krishnegowda Patil''' (born 15 August 1953) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician from [[Gadag]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. He is the current [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Law]] and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Karnataka. He was the [[Rural development|Rural Development]] and [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat Raj]] Minister in the [[Government of Karnataka]] headed by [[Siddaramaiah]]. He currently represents the [[Gadag]] Assembly Constituency in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]].<ref>[http://myneta.info/karnatka2008/candidate.php?candidate_id=761 H K PATIL(Criminal & Asset Declaration) ]</ref>

==Personal life==
He is the son of Late Sri. K. H. Patil, a renowned politician and former Minister for Co-operation, [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/Sri%20H%20K%20%20Patil.htm |title=Profile |access-date=4 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305101746/http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/Sri%20H%20K%20%20Patil.htm |archive-date=5 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Political career==
Patil got widespread accolades for enthusiastically involving himself with the expansion of [[Irrigation]] across the state and spearheading the attempt for [[Cloud Seeding]] while being the Minister for [[Water Resources]] of [[Karnataka]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130722175557/http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/Will-%E2%80%98water-effect%E2%80%99-boost-Patil%E2%80%99s-chances/2013/05/03/article1572788.ece Will ‘water effect’ boost Patil’s chances?]</ref><ref>[http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlandnews/will.html Will it hold water?]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/hk-patil-pushes-for-cloud-seeding/article3950792.ece H.K. Patil pushes for cloud seeding]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hkpatil.in/?p=197 |title=Cloud Seeding |access-date=4 June 2013 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044258/http://hkpatil.in/?p=197 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A veteran Congressman, he was also the [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for textiles major irrigation, agriculture and Law and Parliamentary Affairs, [[Government of Karnataka]] and Leader of Opposition and Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/Sri%20H%20K%20%20Patil.htm |title=Profile |access-date=4 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305101746/http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/Sri%20H%20K%20%20Patil.htm |archive-date=5 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During his term as [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for [[Rural Development]] and [[Panchayat Raj]], [[Government of Karnataka]], Karnataka bagged the E-Award instituted by the centre for effective use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the [[Panchayat Raj]] department for the year 2015–16. [[Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] presented the award on 24 April 2017 in Lucknow during an event to mark National Panchayat Raj Day. His [[Rural Development]] and [[Panchayat Raj]], [[Government of Karnataka]] department won National awards successively for record 4 years from 2014–15 to 2017–18.<ref>{{Citation |last=Aji |first=Sowmya |title=Transparency is byword in Karnataka's rural development and panchayat raj department |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/transparency-is-byword-in-karnatakas-rural-development-and-panchayat-raj-department/articleshow/59185566.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/karnataka-rdpr-dept-bags-awards-on-ict-use/article18202687.ece | title=RDPR bags awards | date=25 April 2017 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=11 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/607744/state-bags-national-e-governance.html | title=
State bags national e-Governance award again | newspaper=Deccan Herald | date=23 April 2017 | accessdate=11 November 2019 }}</ref>

Recently he stated to Assembly that about 74,558 cases were pending against Karnataka government as on date and overall in Karnataka as many as 21.68 lakh cases are pending in the courts - 2.71 lakh in the [[Karnataka High Court|High Court]] and 18.96 lakh in district courts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-04 |title=74,558 cases pending against Karnataka government: Law Minister |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/74558-cases-pending-against-karnataka-government-law-minister-1233972.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patil, H. K.}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Council]]
[[Category:People from Gadag district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]

Sangli turmeric

2025-02-02T01:59:58Z

Palashkhanra73: made a details - done

{{Short description|Type of Turmeric variety cultivated in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Sangli turmeric (सांगलीची हळद)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names =
| description =Sangli turmeric is a turmeric variety cultivated in [[Maharashtra]]
| type =[[Turmeric]]
| area = Sangli district
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 7 November 2018
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/496|ipindia.gov.in}}}}

'''Sangli turmeric''' is a variety of [[turmeric]] mainly grown in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pullaiah |first1=T. |last2=Krishnamurthy |first2=K. V. |last3=Bahadur |first3=Bir |title=Ethnobotany of India, 5-Volume Set |date=11 March 2021 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-351-73766-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INQhEAAAQBAJ&q=sangli&pg=RA2-PA294 |language=en}}</ref> It is a common and widely cultivated crop in [[Sangli district]]. Turmeric cultivation is prominent in the southern region of Sangli, specifically in the areas of [[Miraj]], [[Tasgaon]], [[Palus, Maharashtra|Palus]], [[Kadegaon]], [[Walwa, Sangli|Walwa]], [[Vita, Maharashtra|Vita]], [[Khanapur (Vita)|Khanapur]], and Chinchali. Sangli accounts for nearly 70 per cent of the state’s total production and stands as the premier trading hub for turmeric in Asia, and possibly globally.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murthy |first1=Hosakatte Niranjana |last2=Paek |first2=Kee Yoeup |last3=Park |first3=So-Young |title=Bioactive Compounds in the Storage Organs of Plants |date=2024 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-031-44746-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yjz-EAAAQBAJ&dq=sangli+turmeric&pg=PA401 |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |title='Sangli chi halad' finally gets geographical indication (GI) tag |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/sangli-chi-halad-finally-gets-geographical-indication-gi-tag/story-Dc8ZmIg3z4AtXGABfiObML.html |access-date=24 December 2024 |agency=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The district has garnered the nickname "Saffron City" due to its strong association with turmeric.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rhizome rot effect: Yield of turmeric crop in Maharashtra likely to be reduced by 20 per cent |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/rhizome-rot-effect-yield-of-turmeric-crop-in-maharashtra-likely-to-be-reduced-by-20-per-cent/story-PwCL3PWgGZgJtR4UORs5rK.html |access-date=24 December 2024 |agency=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

Under its [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] tag, it is referred to as "Sangli Turmeric".<ref name=":2" />

==Name==
Sangli turmeric is a prized crop in Sangli district and so named after it, with Sangli earning the reputation as the "Turmeric City" due to its extensive production of turmeric.<ref name=":2" />

===Local name===
It is known locally as Sanglichi Halad (सांगलीची हळद). "Halad" means turmeric in the local state language of [[Marathi language|Marathi]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ram |first1=Srirangam Sri |last2=Kumar |first2=Manish |last3=Jha |first3=Rohit Deo |title=Indian Economy - Principles, Policies, and Progress {{!}} For UPSC & State Civil Services Examinations {{!}} First Edition {{!}} By Pearson |date=2020 |publisher=Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Limited |isbn=978-93-5394-427-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZfJDwAAQBAJ&dq=sangli+turmeric+gi+tag&pg=SA28-PA7 |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
Sangli Turmeric is highly prized for its rich saffron color, making it a sought-after ingredient among spice manufacturers. This variety boasts a unique flavor profile, characterized by earthy, slightly bitter, and hot peppery notes, accompanied by a mustardy aroma. The appearance of Sangli Turmeric is marked by thick, fleshy rhizomes with less wrinkles and thin skin. Its saffron color and thick size make it an ideal addition to various culinary preparations, imparting a deep color and a distinctive flavor. Sangli Turmeric has worldwide acceptance. Sangli turmeric is renowned for its saffron color and distinctive flavor as unlike other varieties, the color of Sangli turmeric rhizomes remains consistent inside and out due to the local soil.<ref name=":2" />

Sangli district features a traditional, airtight underground storage system for turmeric, locally referred to as "Peve".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ravindran |first1=P. N. |last2=Babu |first2=K. Nirmal |last3=Sivaraman |first3=Kandaswamy |title=Turmeric: The genus Curcuma |date=1 March 2007 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-0632-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2ykHQi6RvMC&dq=sangli+turmeric&pg=PA469 |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The unique color and aroma of Sangli turmeric are attributed to "Peve" and the physical properties of the local soil. These storage pits are found in the open fields of Haripur and Sangliwadi villages.<ref name=":2" />

"Rajapuri" is a renowned turmeric variety originating from Sangli district.<ref name=":7" /> Sangli turmeric gained fame as "Rajapuri turmeric" due to its export to several countries through the [[Rajapur, Maharashtra|Rajapur]] harbor port.<ref>{{cite book |title=At Sangli itself the local produce is known as Rajapuri ... Port in Ratnagiri district - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=At+Sangli+itself+the+local+produce+is+known+as+Rajapuri+...+Port+in+Ratnagiri+district&udm=36&gs_lp=EhBnd3Mtd2l6LW1vZGVsZXNzIlZBdCBTYW5nbGkgaXRzZWxmIHRoZSBsb2NhbCBwcm9kdWNlIGlzIGtub3duIGFzIFJhamFwdXJpIC4uLiBQb3J0IGluIFJhdG5hZ2lyaSBkaXN0cmljdEitClDgB1jgB3ADeACQAQGYAYECoAGoA6oBBTAuMS4xuAEDyAEA-AEC-AEBmAIDoAImwgILEAAYgAQYsAMYogTCAggQABiwAxjvBZgDAIgGAZAGBZIHATOgB54E |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref> In 2009, Sangli APMC celebrated 100 years of turmeric trading. The historic "Turmeric Wayade Bazar" auction system began in Sangli in 1910.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Sangli Turmeric |url=https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/IPOJournal/1_2630_1/Journal_108.pdf |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=24 December 2024}}</ref>

Turmeric is a significant export item from Sangli district, used as a spice, dye, and in medicinal and cosmetic applications.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers |date=1969 |publisher=Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0QuAAAAIAAJ&q=sangli+halad+export |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> It is traded to various Indian states, including [[Mumbai]], [[Gujarat]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], and [[Delhi]], as well as exported to countries like the [[Middle East]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Great Britain]], [[United States|America]], and [[Europe|European]] nations.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Sangli's Kavalapur airport receives in-principle nod |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/sanglis-kavalapur-airport-receives-in-principle-nod/articleshow/101559620.cms |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=7 July 2023}}</ref>

Sangli turmeric is a major foreign exchange earner for India. The Sangli [[Agricultural produce market committee|APMC]] has a large-scale auction market system, influencing price fluctuations at the national level.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhosale |first1=Jayashree |title=Turmeric auctions resume at Sangli APMC |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/turmeric-auctions-resume-at-sangli-apmc/articleshow/11677841.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=29 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BSE launches commodity derivative trading in turmeric |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/commodities/bse-launches-commodity-derivative-trading-in-turmeric-4150051.html |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref> The market review of turmeric transactions at Sangli is published in leading newspapers like the [[The Times of India|Times of India]].<ref name=":7" >{{cite news |last1=Pulloor |first1=Narender |title=A Maha effect on Telangana turmeric prices |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/060221/a-maha-effect-on-telangana-turmeric-prices.html |access-date=24 December 2024 |work=www.deccanchronicle.com |date=6 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> On average, the turmeric trade at Sangli amounts to 1,39,965 quintals per year, contributing substantially to India's total turmeric trade.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others |date=2013 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8YmeetltK0C&q=sangli+halad |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Sangli turmeric is used as a condiment, natural dye, and in traditional medicine and cosmetics, as well as in religious ceremonies.<ref name=":2" />

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]] under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] on 7 November 2018 (valid until 25 April 2024).

Sangli Turmeric Cluster Pvt Ltd, from Sangli, proposed the GI registration of Sangli turmeric. After filing the application in August 2014, the Turmeric was granted the GI tag in 2018 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Sangli turmeric" exclusive to the Turmeric grown in the region. It thus became the second turmeric variety from Maharashtra after [[Waigaon Turmeric]] and the 32nd type of goods from Maharashtra to earn the GI tag.

==See also==
* [[Sangli raisins]]
* [[Kolhapur jaggery]]
* [[Erode Turmeric]]
* [[Vasmat Haldi]]
* [[Waigaon turmeric]]
* [[Lakadong turmeric]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Turmeric varieties of India]]
[[Category:Turmeric production in India]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Economy of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sangli district]]

Meitei cinema

2025-01-21T19:56:11Z

Palashkhanra73: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|none}} 
{{About|the Manipuri-language film industry|the entire film industry of Manipur|Cinema of Manipur}}
{{See|Meitei language in Bangladesh#Meitei cinema}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cinema market
| name = Meitei cinema Maniwood
| image = Meitei Cinema - Maniwood Clapperboard.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = An illustration of the Maniwood clapperboard
| screens = 
| screens_per_capita = 
| distributors = 
* Film Forum Manipur (FFM)
* Manipur State Film Development Society (MSFDS)
| produced_year =
| produced_ref = 
| produced_total = 60-70<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-09 |title='Mary Kom' earns Rs 28.32 cr at box office in first weekend |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/mary-kom-movie-box-office-collection-review-mumbai-manipur-136043-2014-09-09 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Business Today |language=en |quote=... Meanwhile, producers are trying to release the film in Kom's hometown, where around 60 to 70 films in Meitei language are made in a year. ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bag |first=Shamik |date=2015-10-10 |title=Being a movie buff in Imphal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/7OfxOV3BcgFAa8ERcsf2tI/Being-a-movie-buff-in-Imphal.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>
| produced_fictional =
| produced_animated =
| produced_documentary =
| admissions_year =
| admissions_ref = 
| admissions_total =
| admissions_per_capita =
| admissions_national =
| box_office_year =
| box_office_ref = 
| box_office_total = 
| box_office_national = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Meitei cinema''' ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|Meitei Mami Kumhei}}|}}), also known as '''Maniwood''', is the segment of [[Indian cinema]] dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the [[Meitei language]] (officially called [[Manipuri language]]), widely spoken in the state of [[Manipur]]. The popular term '''Maniwood''', is a [[portmanteau]] of "Manipuri" (official name of Meitei) and "[[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]". Since its inception, Meitei cinema has played a significant role in the [[Meitei linguistic purism movement]], often emphasizing proper Meitei language in place of pidgin dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bag |first=Shamik |date=2015-10-10 |title=Being a movie buff in Imphal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/7OfxOV3BcgFAa8ERcsf2tI/Being-a-movie-buff-in-Imphal.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

The origins of Meitei cinema date back to {{langnf|mni|[[Matamgi Manipur]]|Today's Manipur}}, released in 1972 as the first full-length Meitei-language film and the first film made in Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Matamgi Manipur on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/matamgi-manipur |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri cinema in the last three decades |url=http://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Manipuri_cinema_in_the_last_three_decades.html.. |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> The film won the President's Medal at the [[20th National Film Awards]], establishing a milestone in Manipuri cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Now Showing MATAMGI MANIPUR |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.movies.Now_Showing_-_MATAMGI_MANIPUR |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref> Another landmark came with {{langnf|mni|[[Imagi Ningthem]]|[[My Son, My Precious]]}} in 1981, which brought international recognition by winning the [[Golden Montgolfiere]] at the 1982 [[Festival des 3 Continents]] in [[Nantes]], elevating Indian cinema on the global stage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digitised Imagi Ningthem screened at Pune film fest : 15th jan14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=16..150114.jan14 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-06 |title=New book traces journey of Manipuri cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/new-book-traces-journey-of-manipuri-cinema/article65295376.ece |access-date=2023-07-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 1990, {{langnf|mni|[[Ishanou]]|[[The Chosen One (1990 film)|The Chosen One]]}} gained further acclaim, being screened in the [[Un Certain Regard]] section at the [[1991 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Festival de Cannes: The Chosen One |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/131/year/1991.html |access-date=10 August 2009 |work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> This film was re-recognized in [[2023 Cannes Film Festival|2023]] by [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]] as a "World Classic," marking its significance as the only Indian film selected for the event that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-06 |title=Manipuri feature film 'ISHANOU' recognised as World Classic |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/manipuri-feature-film-ishanou-recognised-as-world-classic/articleshow/100038686.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-31 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aribam Syam Sharma's ISHANOU recognised as World Classic |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/movies/aribam-syam-sharmas-ishanou-recognised-as-world-classic |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Film 'Ishanou' Becomes India's Only Restored Film To Be Screened At Cannes 2023 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/manipuri-film-ishanou-becomes-india-s-only-restored-film-to-be-screened-at-cannes-2023-news-284573 |website=Outlook India}}</ref> Additionally, {{langnf|mni|[[Keibu Keioiba]]|[[Tiger-Head]]}} became the first animation film in the Meitei language and in Manipuri cinema in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Naorem Nishikanta |date=2013-11-07 |title=Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II {{!}} Manipur Times |url=https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-ii/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur fable from Shrek stable - Pune-based visual designer makes region's first animation film |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/manipur-fable-from-shrek-stable-pune-based-visual-designer-makes-region-s-first-animation-film/cid/713160 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Naorem Nishikanta |date=2013-10-22 |title=Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part I {{!}} Manipur Times |url=https://manipurtimes.com/bhumenjoy-konsam-on-the-chemistry-of-making-keibu-kei-oiba-part-i/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Reflecting local culture, since 2012, Maniwood has observed a dress code guideline: “If you wear jeans thrice on screen, you have to wear Manipuri dresses four times.” This practice reflects the Maniwood culture’s dedication to representing the Manipuri lifestyle and traditional attire. According to acclaimed director [[Aribam Syam Sharma]], Meitei cinema authentically portrays the way of life and thinking of the [[Manipuris|Manipuri]] people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bag |first=Shamik |date=2015-10-10 |title=Being a movie buff in Imphal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/7OfxOV3BcgFAa8ERcsf2tI/Being-a-movie-buff-in-Imphal.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

Today, ''Ishanou'', ''Oneness'', and ''[[Eikhoigi Yum]]'' are among the top-rated Manipuri films on [[IMDb]] as of 2023, showcasing the enduring appeal of Meitei cinema among audiences.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2023 |title=Ishanou, Oneness, and Eikhoigi Yum become IMDb's top 3 Manipuri movies |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/manipur/2023/08/22/ishanou-oneness-and-eikhoigi-yum-become-imdbs-top-3-manipuri-movies/ |access-date=23 August 2023 |work=East Mojo}}</ref>

== History ==
=== Era of celluloid classic feature films (1972-1989) ===
{{Expand list|date=August 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Original Title {{small|(in [[Meitei script]])}}
! [[Romanization]]
! Director
! Producer
! Banner
! Format
! Note(s)/Reference(s)
|-
| 1972
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Matamgee Manipur]]}}|}}
| Deb Kumar Bose
| K. Manimohan
| T.K. Films Private Ltd.
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid">{{Cite web |title=major film - E-rang Classic :: E-pao Movie Channel |url=http://e-pao.org/erang/Classic/write/major_film.php |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=e-pao.org}}</ref><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic">{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Feature Films 1972 1997 - E-rang Classic |url=http://e-pao.org/erang/Classic/write/Manipuri_Feature_Films_1972_1997.php |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=}}</ref>
|-
| 1973
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Brojendra Gee Luhongba]]}}|}}
| S.N. Chand
| S.N. Chand
| Sajatia Pictures
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1974
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯂꯝꯖꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯨꯔꯥꯝ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Lamja Parsuram]]}}|}}
| Aribam Syam Sharma
| G. Narayan Sharma
| N.S. Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1974
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯉꯛ-ꯏ-ꯀꯣ ꯅꯪꯁꯦ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Ngak-E-Ko Nangse}}|}}
| S.N. Chand
| W. Basant Kumar
| Poonam Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1976
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯤ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Shaphabee]]}}|}}
| Aribam Syam Sharma
| G. Narayan Sharma
| N.S. Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1979
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯨꯊꯥꯡ ꯂꯝꯖꯦꯜ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Khuthang Lamjel}}|}}
| G.C. Tongbra
| Th. Haridas
| A.T. Films
| 35mm Black and White (some parts were colour)
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1979
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯑꯣꯂꯥꯡꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯃꯗꯁꯨ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Olangthagee Wangmadasoo]]}}|}}
| Aribam Syam Sharma
| G. Narayan Sharma
| N.S. Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1981
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯏꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯦꯝ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Imagee Ningthem]]}}|}}
| Aribam Syam Sharma
| K. Ibohal Sharma
| X-Cine Productions
| 16mm Converted to 35mm blowup (Black and White)
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1981
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Khonjel}}|}}
| M.Nilamani
| M.Nilamani
| Anjana Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1981
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋꯥꯡꯃ ꯋꯥꯡꯃ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Wangma Wangma}}|}}
| L. Banka Sharma
| L. Shyamsundar
| Eastern Star Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1983
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯁꯅꯥꯀꯩꯊꯦꯜ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Sanakeithel]]}}|}}
| M.A. Singh
| Doren Thoudam
| A.T.B. Films International (India)
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1984
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯥꯡꯂꯦꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯏ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Langlen Thadoi}}|}}
| M.A. Singh
| Kh. Shakhi Devi
| Kay Pee Films International (India)
| 16mm Convert-ed to 35mm blowup (Colour)
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1984
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯥꯏꯔꯤꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯝꯕꯥꯜꯅꯨ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Yairipok Thambalnu}}|}}
| L. Banka Sharma
| H. Gehendra
| Liberty Films
| 35mm Black and White
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1987
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯏꯆꯦ ꯁꯈꯤ}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|Eche Shakhi}}|}}
| Doren Thoudam & H. Ibotombi
| Doren Thoudam
| A.T.B. Films International (India)
| 16mm Converted to 35mm blowup Colour
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|-
| 1989
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯀꯣꯝꯕꯤꯔꯩ]]}}|}}
| {{lang|mni|{{Script|Latn|[[Kombirei]]}}|}}
| G. Narayan Sharma
| G. Narayan Sharma
| N.S. Films
| 35mm Colour
| <ref name=":E-rang_Classic_Celluloid" /><ref name=":Feature_Films_Classic" />
|}

== Cast and crew ==
{{Expand list|date=July 2023}}
=== Actors ===
* [[:en:Oken Amakcham|Oken Amakcham]]
* [[:en:Gokul Athokpam|Gokul Athokpam]]
* [[:en:Gurumayum Bonny|Gurumayum Bonny]]
* [[:en:Shougrakpam Hemanta|Shougrakpam Hemanta]]
* [[:en:Kaiku Rajkumar|Kaiku Rajkumar]]
* [[Priyakanta Laishram]]
* [[:en:Makhonmani Mongsaba|Makhonmani Mongsaba]]
* [[:en:Lairenjam Olen|Lairenjam Olen]]
* [[:en:Hamom Sadananda|Hamom Sadananda]]
* [[:en:Bijou Thaangjam|Bijou Thaangjam]]
* [[:en:Chinglen Thiyam|Chinglen Thiyam]]
* [[:en:Bonium Thokchom|Bonium Thokchom]]
* [[:en:Kangabam Tomba|Kangabam Tomba]]

=== Actresses ===
* [[:en:Maya Choudhury|Maya Choudhury]]
* [[:en:Leishangthem Tonthoingambi Devi|Leishangthem Tonthoingambi]]
* [[:en:Abenao Elangbam|Abenao Elangbam]]
* [[:en:Bala Hijam|Bala Hijam]]
* [[:en:Lin Laishram|Lin Laishram]]
* [[:en:Soma Laishram|Soma Laishram]]
* [[:en:Manda Leima|Manda Leima]]
* [[:en:Sushmita Mangsatabam|Sushmita Mangsatabam]]
* [[:en:Biju Ningombam (actress)|Biju Ningombam]]
* [[:en:Kshetrimayum Rashi|Kshetrimayum Rashi]]
* [[:en:Yengkhom Roma|Yengkhom Roma]]
* [[:en:Kamala Saikhom|Kamala Saikhom]]
* [[Huirem Seema]]
* [[:en:Tara (Assamese actress)|Tara]]

=== Directors ===
* [[:en:Oken Amakcham|Oken Amakcham]]
* [[:en:Homen D' Wai|Homen D' Wai]]
* [[:en:Oinam Gautam Singh|Oinam Gautam Singh]]
* [[:en:Romi Meitei|Romi Meitei]]
* [[:en:Makhonmani Mongsaba|Makhonmani Mongsaba]]
* [[:en:Haobam Paban Kumar|Haobam Paban Kumar]]
* [[:en:Aribam Syam Sharma|Aribam Syam Sharma]]
* [[:en:Bobby Wahengbam|Bobby Wahengbam]]
* [[Priyakanta Laishram]]

== Awards ==
=== National Film Awards ===
{{Main|National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Meitei}}

== Bilingualism ==
Many [[Meitei language]] films have been made with other languages simultaneously.
=== Meitei and English ===
{{Expand list|date=July 2023}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director(s) !! class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
|| 2011
|| [[:en:Fried Fish, Chicken Soup and a Premiere Show|Fried Fish, Chicken Soup and a Premiere Show]]
|| Mamta Murthy
||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top film festival with unique selection process{{!}}Bandra Film Festival |url=https://www.bandrafilmfestival.com/film-details?fried_fish |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.bandrafilmfestival.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|| 2013
|| [[:en:Manipuri Pony (film)|Manipuri Pony (film)]]
|| [[:en:Aribam Syam Sharma|Aribam Syam Sharma]]
||
|-
|2018
|[[Who Said Boys Can't Wear Makeup?]]
|[[Priyakanta Laishram]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 2023 |title=Manipuri-English film promoting gender-neutral fashion to be screened in Mumbai |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/entertainment/2023/10/03/manipuri-english-film-promoting-gender-neutral-fashion-to-be-screened-in-mumbai/ |access-date=7 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[Oneness (film)]]
|[[Priyakanta Laishram]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2022 |title=A Manipur film tackles sexual identity for first time |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/a-manipur-film-tackles-sexual-identity-for-first-time-7885549/ |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== Meitei and Japanese ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director(s) !! class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
|| 2015
|| [[My Japanese Niece]]
|| Mohen Naorem
||<ref>{{Cite web |title=My Japanese Niece Movie Review (2015) - Rating, Cast & Crew With Synopsis |url=https://nettv4u.com/movie-review/english/my-japanese-niece |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Manipur |date=2013-03-19 |title="My Japanese Niece" – a masterpiece from Mohen Naorem {{!}} Manipur Times |url=https://manipurtimes.com/my-japanese-niece-a-masterpiece-from-mohen-naorem/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Thai soldiers to act in Manipuri film 'My Japanese Niece' : 19th mar13 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=3..190313.mar13 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
|}

=== Meitei and Portuguese ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Year !! Meitei Title !! Portuguese Title !! Director(s) !! class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
|| 2017
|| [[Nura Pakhang (Eu e Tu)|Nura Pakhang]]
|| [[Nura Pakhang (Eu e Tu)|Eu e Tu]]
|| [[:en:Romi Meitei|Romi Meitei]]
||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clã gravam video no Porto com a cantora indiana Mangka |url=https://www.fproducao.pt/noticias/cla-gravam-video-no-porto-com-a-cantora-indiana-mangka_38?fbrefresh=89127348912 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Força de Produção |language=pt}}</ref>
|}

=== Meitei and Tamil ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director(s) !! class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
|| 1996
|| Language of War
|| R.V. Ramani
|| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Films by R. V. Ramani |url=http://www.ramanifilms.com/?page_id=6 |access-date=2023-07-31 |quote=LANGUAGE OF WAR 50 minutes, Tamil/Manipuri, 1996. Photographed, Edited, Directed and Produced by R.V.Ramani}}</ref>
|}

=== Meitei and Tangkhul ===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director(s) !! class="unsortable"|Ref
|-
|| 2021
|| [[:en:Nine Hills One Valley|Nine Hills One Valley]]
|| [[:en:Haobam Paban Kumar|Haobam Paban Kumar]]
||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine Hills, One Valley wins special mention award in NFDC's Film Bazaar Another feather in the cap for Paban Kumar |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/1/23/IMPHAL-January-22-Haobam-Paban-Kumar-s-second-narrative-feature-in-Manipuri-and-Tangkhul-language-Nine-Hills-One-Valley-received-Special-Mention-Award-in-the-Film-Bazaar-Recommends-Section-of-the-Fi.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Notable films ==
{{Main|List of Meitei-language films}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Meitei-language television channels]]
* [[List of Meitei-language newspapers]]
* [[Kollywood]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commonscat}}
{{Portal bar|Arts|Asia|Cinema|India|Technology}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Cinema of India}}
{{World cinema}}
[[Category:Meitei language]]
[[Category:Indian film industries]]
[[Category:Cinema of Manipur]]
[[Category:Cinema by language of India]]

R. Udayagiri

2024-12-10T17:32:31Z

Palashkhanra73:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = R. Udayagiri
| official_name = Ramagiri Udayagiri
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = R.Udayagiri Block Map.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.161850|N|84.144040|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 7 September 1953
| founder = Government of Odisha
| named_for = Local Udayagiri Hill
| government_type = Local Government
| governing_body = Panchayat Samiti
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 765.34
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 90,774
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Sora language|Sora]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 761016
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}'''R. Udaygiri''' is a village as well as [[tehsil]] and a [[community development block]] in the [[Gajapati District]] of [[Odisha]], India. It is located 60 km from [[Paralakhemundi]].

==Demographics==
According to Census 2011 information, the sub-district code of R. Udaygiri block is 03102. There are about 292 villages in the R. Udaygiri block.<ref>{{cite web|last1=|first1=|title=Demographics of R.Udayagiri|url=https://villageinfo.in/odisha/gajapati/r-udaygiri.html|website=Villageinfo|publisher=Villageinfo|accessdate=6 February 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
List of educational institutes in R.Udayagiri:
* Nodal U.P School
* Gopabandhu U.P School
* Govt. High School, R. Udayagiri
* Mahendrataneya Jr. college
* Arabindo School
* Saraswati Sishu Mandir

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Gajapati district}}

[[Category:Villages in Gajapati district]]

{{Odisha-geo-stub}}

Shaheed Path

2024-12-03T00:50:28Z

Palashkhanra73: made data - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2012}}
{{infobox road
|country=IND
|name = Shaheed Path
|Image=
|map=
|map_notes=Expressway Map
|length_km= 23.55
|length_round=2
|direction_a= south
|direction_b=east
|terminus_a= [[Transport Nagar metro station|Transport Nagar]]
|junction=
|terminus_b= [[Chinhat]]
|formed=
|history=
|states= [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|cities= [[Lucknow]]
|maint = [[Uttar Pradesh road Development Authority|UPRDA]], [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]]
}}
'''Shaheed Path''' is a four [[lane]] outer road constructed to divert traffic coming from and going to Kanpur Road or Ayodhya Road to avoid the heavy traffic of the colonial streets and lanes of [[Lucknow]].

== History ==
It was a dream project of former Prime Minister [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]], who represented the [[Lucknow]] constituency in the [[Lok Sabha]]. It was started in 2001 and was scheduled for completion in 2004, but due to regime change and shortage of funds it got delayed and was finally completed only in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shaheed Path to become operational from June 8|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-04/lucknow/32030790_1_shaheed-path-service-lane-sultanpur-road|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103110013/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-04/lucknow/32030790_1_shaheed-path-service-lane-sultanpur-road|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2013|accessdate=26 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 June 2012}}</ref>

== Stretch ==
Shaheed Path is 23 km long and is a part of the east-west corridor, connecting Lucknow-Kanpur Road (NH-25) with Lucknow-Ayodhya (NH-28) via Lucknow-Sultanpur Road (NH-56) and Lucknow-Raebareli Road (NH30). The total stretch of the flyover is 22.5 kilometres. The four-lane flyover has a uniform width, and each side of the divider is 8.75 meters wide. It starts from [[Transport Nagar metro station]] at [[Kanpur]] Road and meets at [[Chinhat]] at Ayodhya Road.

== Use ==
It is a four-lane express highway for the traffic from Kanpur Road or Ayodhya Road to go to other highways along the bypass. The flyover has service lanes and under passes at NH-56 and NH-24, linking it to Lucknow-Sultanpur and Lucknow-Rae Bareli national highways respectively. Besides this, the flyover has been connected to various vital localities like Gomtinagar and Gomtinagar extension to allow residents to use the facility accordingly.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Lucknow}}

[[Category:Roads in Lucknow]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Tirukkural translations into Chinese

2024-08-28T17:30:51Z

Palashkhanra73: made a post

{{Translation sidebar}}As of 2015, the [[Chinese language]] had two translations available of the [[Tirukkural]].

==History of translations==
The first Chinese translation of the Kural text was made by Che'ng Hsi in 1967, published by the Department of Indian Studies, [[University of Malaya]] and printed at the [[Hong Kong University]] Press.<ref name="Polilan2019">{{cite book |editor1= Polilan|editor2=K. Gunathogai|editor3=Lena Kumar|editor4=Tagadur Sampath|editor5=Mutthamizh|editor6=G. Picchai Vallinayagam|editor7=D. Anbunidhi|editor8=K. V. Neduncheraladhan|title=Tiruvalluvar 2050 |url= |year=2019 |edition=1|publisher=Periyar Enthusiasts Group |location=Chennai|access-date= |language=Tamil|isbn= |page=685}}</ref> The Nattukottai Chettiars Endowment Fund, which has also provided a Malay translation, funded the first Chinese translation.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Nayagam
| first =X. S. Thani
| title = ''The Tirukkural. A Chinese translation by Ch'eng Hsi''. Preface.
| publisher = Department of Indian Studies. University of Malaya. (Printed at the Hong Kong University Press)
| date = 1967
| pages = vii
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Sanjeevi
| first = N.
| title = ''Bibliography on Tirukkural''. ''In'' First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers
| publisher = University of Madras
| date = 1973
| location = Chennai
| pages = 138
}}</ref>

The second translation was made by [[Yu Hsi]] in 2014, which is a complete translation made in [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]].<ref name="Polilan2019"/><ref name="Hindu_ChineseTirukkuralReady">{{cite news
| last = Rajaram
| first = R.
| title = Chinese translation of Tirukkural, Bharathi's poems ready
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 19 June 2014
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/chinese-translation-of-tirukkural-bharathis-poems-ready/article6127419.ece
| access-date = 19 August 2016}}</ref> It was first published in [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] by Poem Culture Corp. The translation was released by former [[President of India]] [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=40}} It was reprinted in India in 2014 by the Department of Tamil Development and Culture in the [[Tamil Nadu]] state.<ref name="ValaiTamilPub">{{cite book|last1=Parthasarathy|first1=Sa.|last2=Ashraf|first2=N.V.K.|last3=Rajendiran|first3=C.|last4=Thangavelu|first4=Elangovan|last5=Duraisamy|first5=Senthilselvan|last6=Selvan|first6=Ajey Kumar|title=Thirukkural Translations in World Languages|year=2023|publisher=ValaiTamil Publications|location= Chennai}}</ref>{{Rp|pp=40–42}} Yu Hsi's translation had earlier appeared as a Taiwan publication in 2010.<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=40}}

In addition, Parthasarathy et al. also list D. S. Rajan as the third translator of the Kural text into Chinese. However, the translation remains unpublished and he is said to have translated only 60 couplets in all.<ref name="ValaiTamilPub"/>{{Rp|p=42}}

==Translations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="text-align:center; width:25%;" rowspan="2"|Translation
!colspan="3"|''Kural'', Chapter 26 (禁食肉)
|-
!Chapter Title
!''Kural'' 254 (Couplet 26:4)
!''Kural'' 258 (Couplet 26:8)
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Che'ng Hsi, 1967''|| 禁食肉 || 如果你问："什么是仁慈？什么是冷酷？" 那是不杀和杀，因此，食肉永远不可能圣洁。||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|''Yu Hsi, 2014''|| 素食主義 || 慈悲是不殺生，洗心革面； 殺生為食則是無益的罪惡。|| 智者不以肉類為食， 因為它不過是腐屍。
|}

==Similarities with Confucian thoughts==
The Kural text (called ''Tirukkural'', meaning "Sacred Verses") and the [[Confucian thought|Confucian sayings]] recorded in the [[Analects|classic Analects of Chinese]] (called ''Lun Yu'', meaning "Sacred Sayings") resemble each other in many ways.<ref name="KVB_Peroli">{{cite book
| last = Balasubramanian
| first = K. V.
| title = Thirukkural Peroli
| publisher = New Century Book House
| edition = 1
| date = 2016
| location = Chennai
| pages = 106–111
| language = ta
| isbn = 978-81-2343-061-4
}}</ref> Both [[Valluvar]] and [[Confucius]] focused on the behaviors and moral conducts of a common person.<ref name="KVB_Peroli"/> Similar to Valluvar, Confucius advocated [[legal justice]] embracing human principles, [[courtesy]], and [[filial piety]], besides the virtues of [[wiktionary:benevolence|benevolence]], [[righteousness]], [[loyalty]] and [[trustworthiness]] as foundations of life.<ref name="KVB_Peroli"/> Incidentally, Valluvar differed from Confucius in two respects. Firstly, unlike Confucius, Valluvar was also a poet. Secondly, Confucius did not deal with the subject of [[conjugal love]], for which Valluvar devoted an entire division in his work.<ref name="GeoCities_Chinese">{{cite web
| url = http://www.geocities.ws/nvkashraf/kur-trans/Chin-Int.htm
| title = Tiruvalluvar and Tirukkural: 提鲁克鲁经, 印度教手稿
| last = Ashraf
| first = N. V. K.
| orig-year = October 2005| date = March 2007
| website = GeoCities
| access-date = 16 April 2017
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last = Anonymous
| title = Confucius: A Biography (Trans. Lun Yu, in English)
| publisher = Confucius Publishing Co. Ltd.
| date = 1999
| pages = vii
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Tirukkural translations]]

== References ==
{{Portal box|Tamils|India|China|Literature|Poetry}}
{{reflist}}

{{Tirukkural|state=collapsed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

[[Category:Tirukkural translations by language|Chinese]]
[[Category:Translations into Chinese]]

Othandeeswarar Temple

2024-04-28T22:54:13Z

Palashkhanra73: New basic place w/ sources

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Othandeeswarar Temple
| image = Othandeeswarar temple1.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|13|03|18|N|80|03|42|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| location = [[Chennai]][[Thirumazhisai]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Othandeeswarar([[Shiva]])
Kulirvithanayaki ([[Parvathi]])

| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Othandeeswarar Temple''' in [[Thirumazhisai]] [[Chennai City]] in [[Tiruvallur district]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Shiva]]. It is located 22 km from the state capital [[Chennai]]. Constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]], the temple was built during the 11th century by [[Chola]] king [[Kulothunga Chola II]]. Shiva is worshipped as Othandeeswarar and his consort [[Parvathi]] as Kulirvithanayaki.

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The temple has a five-tiered raja[[gopuram]], the gateway tower. The [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar]] and [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagar kings]] made further expansion to the temple during the 16th century.

The temple is open from 6 am - 11:30 am and 4:30 - 8:00 pm on all days. Four daily rituals and many yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Brahmotsavamfestival during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'' (March - April) and Sani Peyarchi (transit of planet Saturn) being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowments Department of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Othandeeswarar temple2.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Image of the [[Pushkarni|temple tank]] and the tower]]
As per another legend, [[Chola]] king [[Kulothunga Chola II]] was hunting in the forest and while returning from [[Masilamaniswara Temple, Thirumullaivoyal|Thirumullaivasal]], found a blockade on his way. He tried to remove it using his sword and found blood stain in it. He later found that it emanated from the image of [[lingam]] (an iconic form of [[Shiva]]) in the place. The king wanted to expiate his sin of cutting the image and cut his hand. Shiva was pleased with the devotion and appeared to him at this place as Othandeeswarar along with his consort Parvathi as Kulirvithanayaki. Othandeeswarar also restored the hand of Kulothunga Chola and hence got the name Kai Thantha Piran. The presiding deity at the temple is still believed to have a scar on it.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Siva temple|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/06/02/stories/13020495.htm|last=T.A.|first=Srinivasan|date=2 June 2000|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=10 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> As per another legend, since the presiding deity relieves the devotees off their curses and impinges strength the deity is also called Manuanukuleeswarar.<ref name=Saiva5>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 5 - Temples in Tamil Nadu (Later period)|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=286-7}}</ref>

==History==
The temple has many inscriptions from the [[Chola]] period during the 11th century. [[Kulothunga Chola II]] is believed to have built the temple and the shrines in the current form. Historians believe that the shrine of Vishnu seems to be a later addition. Sengunda Mudaliyars built many shrines in the temple and refurbished the tank. The [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara kings]], who ruled the region, have done benevolent endowments to the temple. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowments Department of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=hindu/><ref name=census>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu Kancheepuram District|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|page=72|year=2003|last=C.|first=Chandramouli}}</ref><ref name=HRCE>{{cite web|title=Thirukoil - Temple list of Tamil Nadu|url=https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|publisher=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Tamil Nadu|format=PDF|pages=22|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009010850/https://tnhrce.gov.in/resources/docs/temple_list.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Architecture==
Othandeeswarar temple has a seven-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'', the gateway tower piercing the rectangular granite walls around the temple. The presiding deity Othandeeswarar, in the form of [[Lingam]] is housed in the sanctum. The sanctum is approached from the main entrance through the flag staff hall, Maha mandap and Artha mandap. The flag staff is located in the flagstaff hall axial to the sanctum. An image of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] faces the main shrine in the Maha [[Mandapa]]. There are shrines of [[Vinayaka]], [[Murugan|Muruga]] before the Mahamandap and the sanctum is guarded by [[Dvarapala|Dwarapalas]]. The shrine of Kulirvithanayaki is located in the second precinct. The temple has a shrine of [[Nataraja]] (dancing form of Shiva) and his consort Sivakami facing each other. The [[vimana (tower)|vimana]], structure over the sanctum is in the form of Gajabrushta, the shape of an elephant in its sitting posture. Vinayaka in the temple is called Prasanna Vinayaga. There is a shrine for [[Vishnu]] in the second precinct. There also shrines of [[Shani]], Vrusabha Nayaka, [[Durga]], Chandikeswara, [[Dakshinamurthy|Dakshninamurthy]] and [[Navagraha]] around the sanctum.<ref name=Saiva5/>

==Festival==
[[File:Othandeeswarar temple3.JPG|250px|thumb|The various shrines of the temple]]
The temple follows Saivite tradition. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaivaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day: ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:30 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 11:30 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., and ''Sayaratchai'' between 8:00  - 8:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Othandeeswarar and Kulirvithanayaki. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple. The temple is open from 6am - 11:30 am and 4-8:30 pm on all days. The temple has many festivals in its calendar, with the Brahmotsavamfestival during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Panguni'' (March - April) and Sani Peyarchi (transit of planet Saturn) being the most prominent<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Othandeeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=141|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Tiruvallur district]]

Government Dental Hospital and College, Chennai

2023-10-22T11:41:19Z

Palashkhanra73: adjust structure further and added references

{{Short description|Dental wing of the Madras Medical College}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Tamil Nadu Government Dental College
| image =
| imagesize =
| type = [[Dental college]] and [[hospital]]
| established = 10 August 1953
| dean =
| viceprincipal =
| city = [[Chennai]]
| coor = {{coord|13|5|0|N|80|16|54|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| nickname =
| affiliations = [[The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University]]
| website = [http://www.tamilnadudentalcollege.com/index.php www.tamilnadudentalcollege.com]
}}

'''Tamil Nadu Government Dental College''', also known as Government Dental Hospital and College, is the dental wing of the Madras Medical College. Although the college is a separate entity administratively, it is functionally integrated with the Madras Medical College and [[Government General Hospital]].

The hospital is claimed to be the first in the country to provide treatment to 1,000 to 1,500 patients a day in various branches.<ref name="Hindu_RenovationNamakkalKavignarMaaligai"/>

==Expansion==
In 2012, new annexe building constructed at a cost of {{INR}} 206.3 million was inaugurated by the then Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. The new building consists of two floors with a capacity to treat nearly 300 patients at a time. The out-patient block and other facilities were transferred to the new building.<ref name="Hindu_RenovationNamakkalKavignarMaaligai">{{Cite news
| title = Foundation stone laid for renovation of ‘Namakkal Kavignar Maaligai'
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Hindu
| date = 4 March 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/foundation-stone-laid-for-renovation-of-namakkal-kavignar-maaligai/article2959401.ece
| access-date = 7 February 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[List of Tamil Nadu Government's Educational Institutions]]
* [[List of medical colleges in India]]
* [[Healthcare in Chennai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tamilnadudentalcollege.com/index.php Official Website]

{{Chennai Topics|left}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Health in Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1953]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Chennai]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Chennai]]
[[Category:Dental colleges in India]]
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Sikandarpur, Tadiyawan

2023-06-25T11:21:54Z

Palashkhanra73: made new details

{{Other uses|Sikanderpur (disambiguation){{!}}Sikanderpur}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sikandarpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Populated place
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Tadiyawan block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Sikandarpur (#148) in Tadiyawan CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.451914|N|80.245597|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |title=GeoNames Search |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=geonames.nga.mil |access-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412035207/https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |archive-date=April 12, 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.128
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2812
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sikandarpur''' is a village in [[Tadiyawan]] block of [[Hardoi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Hardoi, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=335–52|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0924_PART_A_DCHB_HARDOI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, its population is 2,812, in 493 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Located by the [[Sarda Canal]], Sikandarpur's topography varies from flat to gently sloping, and its soil ranges from [[alluvial]] [[silt]]y [[loam]] to mixed silty and [[clay]]ey loam with imperfect drainage.<ref name="Usar">{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Daman |last2=Bajaj |first2=Manjul |title=Usar (Sodic) Soils in Uttar Pradesh: A Case Study of Two Villages in Hardoi District |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=1988 |volume=23 |issue=52/53 |pages=A181-7 |jstor=4394183 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4394183 |access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref> It is almost exclusively an agricultural village, with few non-agricultural employment opportunities.<ref name="Usar"/> It is characterised by a landownership pattern of very small, fragmented holdings.<ref name="Usar"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Sikandarpur as comprising three hamlets, with a total population of 1,057 (562 male and 495 female), in 214 households and 160 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (36 - Hardoi District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=lxii-lxiii of section "Hardoi Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/987/1/22855_1961_HAR.pdf |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 774 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

Sikandarpur (specifically, the namesake hamlet within the village unit of Sikandarpur) was one of two pilot sites (the other being the hamlet of Kotpurva in the village of [[Alisabad]]) chosen for Phase I an [[usar]] (alkaline soil)-reclamation project that began in early 1986 and expanded to include sites in 12 districts for Phase II in 1987.<ref name="Usar"/> At that time, the hamlet had a population of 398, in 65 families.<ref name="Usar"/> Its extent was listed as 75 [[hectare]]s, 18.4% of which was counted as usar land and another 7% of which was waterlogged.<ref name="Usar"/> The result was that per capita availability of arable land was extremely low, and most farmers' lands were tiny and highly fragmented.<ref name="Usar"/> Agriculture in the hamlet was unmechanised, with no families owning a [[tractor]] and a significant portion not owning a [[plough]] and/or a pair of [[ox|bullock]]s.<ref name="Usar"/> As a result, farm productivity was low.<ref name="Usar"/> Most farmers interviewed said that they did not grow enough produce even for their own needs, and they could not afford to invest in agricultural technology.<ref name="Usar"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hardoi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Hardoi district]]

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