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1999 Pakistani Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown

2026-04-30T01:41:39Z

PGPS: made some details w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Shoot down of Pakistani Naval Air Arm airplane by Indian Air Force}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Pakistan Navy Atlantique shootdown
| partof = [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts]]
| image = [[Image:Pakistan Navy Breguet 1150 Atlantic Asuspine-1.jpg|200px]]
| caption = A Pakistan Navy Breguet 1150 Atlantic
| date = 10 August 1999
| place = [[Rann of Kutch]]
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
| result =
*[[Indian Air Force|IAF]] intercepted and shot down Pakistani naval reconnaissance plane
*Deterioration of [[Indo-Pakistani relations]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990823/creek.html |title = The Nation: Atlantique Downing: Creek Crisis |access-date=31 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222215123/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990823/creek.html |archive-date=22 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| status =
| combatant1 = {{IND}}
| combatant2 = {{PAK}}
| commander1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] {{small|([[Prime Minister of India]])}} [[Air chief marshal (India)|ACM]] [[Anil Tipnis]] {{small|[[Chief of Air Staff (India)|(Chief of Air Staff)]]}}
| commander2 = [[Nawaz Sharif]] {{small|([[Prime Minister of Pakistan]])}} [[Admiral (Pakistan)|Adm.]] [[Fasih Bokhari]] {{small|[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|(Chief of Naval Staff)]]}}
| units1 = {{air force|IND|1950}}
*[[No. 45 Squadron IAF|No. 45 Squadron]]
| units2 = {{Flagicon image|Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|size=23px}} [[Pakistan Navy]]
*[[File:Pakistan Finflash bordered.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm#Squadrons|No. 29 Squadron]]
| strength1 = 2 [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21 Bis]]
| strength2 = 1 [[Breguet Atlantique|Atlantic-91N]]
| casualties1 = None
| casualties2 = 5 naval officers killed 11 sailors killed
| notes =
}}
{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}

The '''Atlantique incident<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-10 |title=The Atlantique Incident — Part 1 of 2 - HistoricWings.com :: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers |url=http://fly.historicwings.com/2013/08/the-atlantique-incident/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=HistoricWings.com :: A Magazine for Aviators, Pilots and Adventurers - A Magazine for Aviators, Adventurers and Pilots}}</ref>''' occurred on 10 August 1999, when a [[Breguet Atlantic]] maritime patrol aircraft of the [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] was shot down by a [[MiG-21]] fighter of the [[Indian Air Force]] over the [[Rann of Kutch]], on the border between India and Pakistan. Sixteen Pakistani personnel including the pilots were killed as a result.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/16-dead-as-india-shoots-down-pakistani-naval-plane-1112052.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/16-dead-as-india-shoots-down-pakistani-naval-plane-1112052.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title = 16 dead as India shoots down Pakistani naval plane|website = [[The Independent]]|date = 23 October 2011}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The event took place just a month after the [[Kargil War]] ended, further escalating the already strained relations between the two countries.

Foreign diplomats based in Pakistan who were escorted to the site by the [[Pakistan Army]] noted that the plane may have crossed the border. They also believed that India's reaction was unjustified.<ref name=bbc1/> Pakistan later lodged a compensation claim at the [[International Court of Justice]], blaming India for the incident, but the court dismissed the case, ruling that it had no jurisdiction in the matter.<ref name="icjverdict"/><ref name="tribune"/><ref name="verdict"/>

==Confrontation==
The French-built Breguet Br.1150 Atlantic, c/n 33, flight Atlantic-91, of 29 Squadron, was one of the Pakistan Navy's frontline aircraft, used primarily for patrol and reconnaissance.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19990810-0|type=Criminal Occurrence|accessdate=23 July 2007}}</ref> Atlantic-91 left [[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Base]] in Pakistan at 9:15 am [[Time in Pakistan|PKT]] (9:45 [[Time in India|IST]]). [[Indian Air Force]] [[ground-controlled interception|ground radar]] picked up the plane as it approached the India-Pakistan border.<ref name="indiaaccount">{{cite web
|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Kargil/Atlantique.html
|title=The Atlantique Incident
|access-date=9 March 2007
|work=1999 Kargil Operations
|publisher=Bharat Rakshak [[Indian Air Force]]
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202195038/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Kargil/Atlantique.html
|archive-date=2 February 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> Two IAF [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] [[interceptor aircraft]] of [[No. 45 Squadron IAF|No. 45 Squadron]], from the Indian [[airbase]] at [[Naliya]] in the [[Kutch]] region, were scrambled.<ref>[http://www.indianembassy.org/press/New_Delhi_Press/August_1999/Air_Defence_Operations_Aug_17_99.html Air defence operations] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619223010/http://www.indianembassy.org/press/New_Delhi_Press/August_1999/Air_Defence_Operations_Aug_17_99.html |date=19 June 2010 }} By Narendra Gupta. Taken from [[The Hindu]] 17 August 1999 Reproduced by [[Embassy of India in Washington]] Retrieved on 26 July 2007</ref> After a series of manoeuvres—with conflicting versions of events from both sides—the two fighter jets were given clearance to shoot down the Pakistani plane.<ref name="indiaaccount" /> At 11:17 am IST (10:47 am PKT), nearly two hours after takeoff from Pakistan, the Atlantic was intercepted and an [[infrared homing]] [[Molniya R-60|R-60]] [[air-to-air missile]] was fired at it by [[Squadron Leader]] [[Prashant Kumar Bundela|P.K. Bundela]], hitting the engine on the [[port (nautical)|port]] side of the plane.<ref>[http://armedforces.nic.in/airforce/fac.htm IAF Scores a Kill !!! Factual Account of Interception] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722043150/http://armedforces.nic.in/airforce/fac.htm |date=22 July 2009 }} – Indian Air Force official page Retrieved on 26 July 2007</ref>

==Claims and counterclaims==
[[Image:Sir-Creek-locator.svg|thumb|230px|The region in Kutch, (marked in red) where the incident took place]]
The event immediately sparked claims and counter-claims by both nations. Pakistan claimed that the plane was unarmed and the [[debris]] was found on Pakistan's side of the border,<ref name="Defence">A Moiz (1999) [http://www.defencejournal.com/sept99/core.htm Core Negativity] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171722/http://www.defencejournal.com/sept99/core.htm |date=3 March 2016 }} Defence Journal, September 1999 Retrieved on 26 July 2007</ref> and there was no violation of Indian [[airspace]]. According to the official Pakistan version of events, the plane was on a routine training mission inside Pakistan air space.<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/119/7123.pdf 21 September 1999 Application instituting proceeding] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205625/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/119/7123.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }} Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India), International Court of Justice Case page Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> The Pakistani Prime Minister stated during the funeral service of the airmen that the shooting was a barbaric act.<ref name="TIME">{{cite magazine | title=Can't Stop the Madness | date=23–30 August 1999 | volume=154 | issue=7/8 | magazine=Time | url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/india_pakistan1.html | access-date=10 June 2005 | archive-date=16 September 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916183012/http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/india_pakistan1.html | url-status=dead }} Alternate URL: {{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990823/india_pakistan1.html |title=ASIANOW - TIME Asia | India-Pakistan: Tit for Tat |access-date=2013-12-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235506/http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/time/asia/magazine/1999/990823/india_pakistan1.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>

[[Image:Sir-Creek-map.svg|thumb|230px|right|Enlarged map of the region showing [[Kori Creek]] and [[Sir Creek]] area, where the plane was shot down and wreckage was found respectively.]]
The Indian Air force claimed that the aeroplane did not respond to international protocol and that it acted in a "hostile" manner,<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19990811/ige01049.html IAF shoots down Pak intruder plane]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; Wednesday, 11 August 1999; EXPRESS NEWS SERVICE; [[The Indian Express]] Retrieved on 1 January 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990823/creek.html ATLANTIQUE DOWNING: Creek Crisis – The strange encounter in the Rann of Kutch leading to the shooting down of the Pakistani Altantique sets both countries on the path of confrontation again.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222215123/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990823/creek.html |date=22 December 2008 }}; By Vijay Jung Thapa; 1999/08/23; India Today Magazine</ref> adding that the debris of a downed aircraft could fall over a wide [[radius]].<ref name="India" /> Indian sources also stated that Pakistan's [[Minister of Information|Information Minister]], Mushahid Hussein, was initially quoted as saying that the aircraft was on a [[Surveillance aircraft|surveillance]] mission.<ref name="India" />
India also alleged that the plane violated a [[Bilateral Aviation Agreement|bilateral agreement]], signed by India and Pakistan in 1991, under which no [[military aircraft]] were to come within {{convert|10|km|mi nmi}} of the border<ref name=Agreement>[http://www.stimson.org/southasia/?sn=sa20020109216 Agreement Between India and Pakistan on the Advance Notice of Military Exercises] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090722184205/http://www.stimson.org/southasia/?sn=sa20020109216 |date=22 July 2009 }} – Hosted on [[Henry L. Stimson]] Center Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> (although Pakistan claimed the Atlantic was not a combat aircraft).<ref name=bbc1/> Indian experts also questioned why a training mission was being carried out so close to the border, when all air forces conduct training flights in clearly demarcated training areas located well away from international boundaries.<ref name="IndianEmbassy">[http://www.indianembassy.org/press/New_Delhi_Press/August_1999/Pak_Aggression_Air_August_13_1999.htm Atlantic mission had been cleared at the highest levels By Air Commodore Jasjit Singh] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619222817/http://www.indianembassy.org/press/New_Delhi_Press/August_1999/Pak_Aggression_Air_August_13_1999.htm |date=19 June 2010 }} Published in [[The Indian Express]] 12 August 1999. Hosted on [[Embassy of India in Washington]] webpage</ref> According to them, the Pakistani claim was untenable since the primary role of the Atlantic is for operations over the sea and that to carry out a training flight over land deep inside foreign territory was an indication of its use in a surveillance role.<ref name="IndianEmbassy" /> India displayed part of the wreckage of the Pakistani naval aircraft at [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|New Delhi airport]] the next day. Pakistan stated that the wreckage was removed from its side of the border by Indian helicopters.<ref name="Defence" />

While Pakistan said that the plane was unarmed and the debris was within Pakistani territory, India maintained that warnings had been given to the Atlantic and that its flight [[trajectory]] meant it could have fallen on either side of the border. According to the Indian version of events, the MiGs tried to escort it to a nearby Indian base, when the Pakistani aircraft turned abruptly and tried to make a dash for the border; it was only then that it was fired upon. India claimed that the debris was found in a radius of {{convert|2|km|mi nmi|spell=in}} on either side of the border and that the intrusion took place {{convert|10|km|mi nmi}} inside the [[Kori Creek]], which is Indian territory. Pakistan requested that the matter be taken up in the UN. Indian officials claimed that there had been previous violations in the area and pointed out that in the previous year a Pakistani [[unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned surveillance aircraft]] had intruded {{convert|150|km|mi nmi}} inside the Indian border, coming close to the [[Bhuj]] air base before the IAF spotted it and brought it down with several missiles.<ref name="India">[http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990823/creek.html Creek Crisis by Vijay Jung Thapa and Aahid Hussain and Uday Mahurkar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222215123/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/19990823/creek.html |date=22 December 2008 }} 23 August 1999 [[India Today]] Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref>

Indian analysts state "flare-ups" in the Rann of Kutch region were routine, and despite bilateral agreements, both India and Pakistan had conducted air intrusions in the past. Thus, the fact that the Atlantic was shot down, despite coming close to the Indian border, came as a surprise.<ref name="India"/> Indian officials add that Pakistan military aircraft had violated Indian airspace at least 50 times since January 1999, showing [[videotape]]s of Pakistani Atlantics "buzzing", or flying provocatively near the [[Indian Navy]]'s [[warship]]s in the Indian Ocean.<ref name="Globalpolicy">[[Pamela Constable]] and [[Kamran Khan (journalist)|Kamran Khan]], [http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/ind-pak/99-08-12.htm Pakistan Attacks Indian Aircraft in Border Region] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519020926/http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/ind-pak/99-08-12.htm |date=19 May 2009 }} 12 August 1999, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> Some Indian analysts stated that the Atlantic was nearly destroyed in 1983 on a similar encounter and noted other close encounters and violations from Pakistani naval planes.<ref>[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83679978.html Pakistani recce aircraft shot down (Asia-Pacific Report)by S. Mallegol] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504224323/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83679978.html |date=4 May 2016 }} Journal of Electronic Defense 1 September 1999 Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.mafhoum.com/press2/70P3.htm Cold War in the Arabian Sea] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172542/http://www.mafhoum.com/press2/70P3.htm |date=3 March 2016 }} Vijay Sakhuja, Research Fellow, [[Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses]] Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.centrovolta.it/landau/South%20Asia%20Security%20Program_file%5CDocumenti%5CWorkshop%20South%20Asia%202004%5CTalks%5C8-%20Ghosh.doc Confidence Building Measures in South Asia – The Maritime Angle] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012234541/http://www.centrovolta.it/landau/South%20Asia%20Security%20Program_file%5CDocumenti%5CWorkshop%20South%20Asia%202004%5CTalks%5C8-%20Ghosh.doc |date=12 October 2007 }} [[DOC (computing)|DOC]] Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref>

Some experts stated that the Atlantic was probably conducting a "probe" on India's [[air defence]] system, mainly the [[radar]] equipment in the border area; they advised that it was not part of any planned aggressive military action by Pakistan.<ref name="Globalpolicy" /> Foreign diplomats who visited the crash site noted that the plane "may have strayed into restricted space", and that [[Islamabad]] was unable to explain why it was flying so close to the border; they added that India's reaction to the incident was not justified.<ref name=bbc1>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/419325.stm Pakistani plane "may have crossed border"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021018032538/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/419325.stm |date=18 October 2002 }} 13 August 1999 BBC Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> Many countries, the [[G8]], the [[United Nations Security Council#Permanent members|permanent members of the UN Security Council]], as well as the western media questioned the wisdom behind Pakistan's decision to fly military aircraft so close to the Indian border.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zehra |first=Nasim |title=Islamabad's Post-Kargil Challenges |url=http://defencejournal.com/sept99/post-kargil.htm |access-date=17 December 2013 |newspaper=Defence Journal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304092141/http://www.defencejournal.com/sept99/post-kargil.htm |archive-date=4 March 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Rise in tensions==
On the day following the attack, an IAF [[Military helicopter|helicopter]] carrying journalists to the site of the attack was attacked by the [[Pakistan Marines]] with a [[surface-to-air missile]]. Pakistani officials asserted that two Indian jets had intruded into Pakistani airspace near the Atlantic wreckage site, along the border between the Indian state of [[Gujarat]] and Pakistan's [[Sindh]] Province, and were then fired upon by Pakistan marines. No damage was recorded as the missiles missed the target. The IAF thus aborted their mission and could safely return. The helicopter carrying the journalists also returned without any damage.<ref name="Globalpolicy"/>

Following this, and the rising tensions in the area coupled by the fact that the [[Sir Creek]] was a disputed territory, both the countries' militaries near the Rann of Kutch and nearby were put on high alert.<ref name="TIME" /> Pakistan sent a [[company (military unit)|company]] of marines, equipped with both [[laser guided]] and [[infrared homing]] [[shoulder-fired missile|shoulder-fired]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s, to the site near the border.<ref>[http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/other-atlantique-gallery.html Atlantique wreckage image gallery with] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827211138/http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/other-atlantique-gallery.html |date=27 August 2016 }} pictures of [http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/pix/FT0016826.jpg Pakistani soldiers] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090906/http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/pix/FT0016826.jpg |date=4 March 2016 }} using [http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/pix/FT0016824.jpg infrared] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205237/http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/pix/FT0016824.jpg |date=3 March 2016 }} and [http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/pix/Atlantique_Pak_RBS-70.jpg laser guided] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103110326/http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/pix/Atlantique_Pak_RBS-70.jpg |date=3 November 2013 }} [[RBS 70]] and [[Mistral missile]]s Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> Coming barely weeks after the [[Kargil Conflict]] where both [[nuclear weapon|nuclear armed]] countries fought [[high altitude]] warfare, this incident was seen with growing concern around the world. The [[US State Department]] termed the [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]] as being in a state of "continued high-stakes tension."<ref name="TIME" />

==Lawsuit==
[[Image:International Court of Justice HQ 2006.jpg|thumb|230px|The [[International Court of Justice]] dismissed Pakistan's case on the grounds that the court did not have jurisdiction.]]
On 21 September 1999, Pakistan lodged a compensation claim at the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ) in [[The Hague]], accusing India of shooting down a military aircraft. Pakistan sought about US$60 [[million]] in [[war reparations|reparation]]s from India and [[damages|compensation]] for the victims' families. [[Attorney General of India|India's attorney general]], [[Soli Sorabjee]], argued that the court did not have [[jurisdiction]],<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000404/world.htm#4 ICJ begins hearing on Pak complaint] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502041237/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000404/world.htm#4 |date=2 May 2016 }} 4 April 2000 – [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] Retrieved on 10 September 2007</ref> citing an exemption it filed in 1974 to exclude disputes between India and other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] States, and disputes covered by [[Treaties#Bilateral and multilateral treaties|multi-lateral treaties]].<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20090723020720/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/06/21/stories/0321000f.htm ICJ verdict on jurisdiction in Atlantique case today]}} 21 June 2000 – [[The Hindu]] Retrieved on 10 September 2007</ref> In the buildup to the case, India also contended that Pakistan had violated the 1991 bilateral agreement between Pakistan and India on air violations, which states: "[[Combat aircraft]] (including, [[bomber]]s, [[reconnaissance aircraft]], [[Jet trainer|jet military trainer]] and [[armed helicopter]]) will not fly within 10 km of each other's [[airspace]] including [[air defence identification zone]]."<ref name=Agreement/>

On 21 June 2000, the 16-judge Bench headed by Gilbert Guillaume of France ruled, with a 14–2 verdict, upholding India's submission that the court had no jurisdiction in this matter.<ref name="icjverdict">[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=585&code=pi&p1=3&p2=3&case=119&k=b5&p3=5 ICJ's Press Communique on the verdict] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015055439/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?sum=585&code=pi&p1=3&p2=3&case=119&k=b5&p3=5 |date=15 October 2016 }} Retrieved on 23 July 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/119/8088.pdf Judgment of 21 June 2000 Jurisdiction of the Court] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405034404/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/119/8088.pdf |date=5 April 2016 }} Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> Pakistan's claims were dropped, without recourse to appeal, and the outcome was seen as a decision highly favourable to India.<ref name="tribune">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000622/main3.htm India wins case against Pakistan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202336/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000622/main3.htm |date=3 March 2016 }} 21 June 2000 – [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref><ref name="verdict">[http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/SAserials/Dawn/2000/jun24.html Pakistan dismayed over verdict: ICJ refuses to hear Atlantique case] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205074317/http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/SAserials/Dawn/2000/jun24.html |date=5 February 2012 }} 21 June 2000 – [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] [[wire service]] Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/800433.stm World court blow for Pakistan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328230420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/800433.stm |date=28 March 2007 }} BBC 21 June 2000 Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> The [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistan government]] had spent close to 25 million [[Pakistani rupee]]s (approx. $400,000) on the case.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/48242/govt-comments-sought-in-atlantique-case Govt comments sought in Atlantique case]
17 July 2002 – Pakistan's [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]].</ref>

==Aftermath==
In India, the incident made the two [[Aviator#Military|pilots]] of the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]]s into instant heroes.<ref name="India" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926225906/http://origin.ndtv.com/money/templatebusiness.asp?template=&callid=1&id=25955 Report on Bundela's critical condition who was "a national hero"] – 11 June 2002 [[NDTV]] Retrieved on 23 July 2007</ref> On 8 October 2000, the prestigious [[Vayusena medal|Vayu Sena Medal]] was awarded to [[Squadron Leader]] P. K. Bundela. The medal was also awarded to [[Wing Commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] V. S. Sharma (the [[Air traffic controller#Civilian/military - public/private|fighter controller]] who tracked the Atlantic, guided the pilot and ordered him to attack the plane) and Squadron Leader Pankaj Vishnoi, the [[helicopter pilotage|helicopter pilot]] who recovered a part of the Atlantic's debris from the [[marsh]]y border regions of the Rann.<ref>[http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/awavm1999.htm Vayusena Medal (VM)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706123548/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/awavm1999.htm |date=6 July 2008 }} Bharat Rakshak Retrieved on 22 July 2007</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://vayu-sena-aux.tripod.com/other-atlantique-gallery.html Picture gallery of the aircraft wreckage.] Retrieved 23 July 2007
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060511234536/http://www.lawyerscollective.org/lc_mag/freedownloads/magazine2000/September_2000/international_court_of_justice.htm 'International_court_of_justice' Lawyers Collective magazine, September 2000] A brief report on the legal proceedings and outcomes at the ICJ from a legal perspective. Retrieved 3 November 2006 

{{Military of Pakistan}}{{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Pakistan}}

{{Aviation incidents and accidents in 1999}}
{{India-Pakistan relations}}

[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving military aircraft]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999|Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown]]
[[Category:Aircraft shootdown incidents in India–Pakistan wars and conflicts]]
[[Category:20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents]]
[[Category:Naval operations involving Pakistan]]
[[Category:August 1999 in India|Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown]]
[[Category:August 1999 in Pakistan|Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown]]
[[Category:International Court of Justice cases]]

Uposatha

2026-04-28T17:09:14Z

PGPS: Adding new details

{{short description|Buddhist day of observance}}
{{about|the Buddhist day of observance|the ordination hall in Thai temples|Ubosot|fasting across various Buddhist schools|Fasting in Buddhism}}
{{Buddhism}}{{Theravada Buddhism|Days}}
An '''Uposatha''' ({{langx|pi|uposatha}}; {{langx|sa|Upavasatha}}) day is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] day of observance, in existence since the Buddha's time (600 BCE), and still being kept today by Buddhist practitioners.<ref>For a description of the contemporary practice of the Uposatha in Thailand, see Khantipalo (1982a), which is also excerpted in this article below.
Kariyawasam (1995), ch. 3, also underlines the continuity of the ancient ''uposatha'' practice in Sri Lanka: "The ''poya'' [Sinhala for ''uposatha''] observance, which is as old as Buddhism itself, has been followed by the Sinhala Buddhists up to the present day, even after the Christian calendar came to be used for secular matters. Owing to its significance in the religious life of the local Buddhists, all the full-moon days have been declared public holidays by the government."</ref><ref>The uposatha day is sometimes likened to the Judeo-Christian notion of the Sabbath. Pali English dictionaries that define "Uposatha" as "Sabbath," are Buddhadatta (2002), p. 63, and PED(Rhys-Davids & Stede,1921-25), p. 151.
For an example of the Uposatha being equated with Sabbath by a modern Buddhist master, see Mahasi (''undated''), p. 2, where he writes: "For lay people, these rules [of discipline] comprise the [[eight precepts]] which Buddhist devotees observe on the Sabbath days (uposatha) and during periods of meditation." Harvey (1990), p. 192, also refers to the ''uposatha'' as "sabbath-like."</ref> The Buddha taught that the Uposatha day is for "the cleansing of the defiled mind," resulting in inner calm and joy.<ref>Thanissaro (1997b); Anguttara Nikaya 3.70: Muluposatha Sutta.</ref> On this day, both lay and ordained members of the [[sangha]] intensify their practice, deepen their knowledge and express communal commitment through millennia-old acts of lay-monastic reciprocity. On these days, the lay followers make a conscious effort to keep the [[Five Precepts]] or (as the tradition suggests) the ten precepts. It is a day for practicing the Buddha's teachings and meditation.

==Observance days==

Depending on the culture and time period, uposatha days have been observed from two to six days each lunar month.

===Theravada countries===

In general, Uposatha is observed about once a week in [[Theravada]] countries<ref>, with the full moon being the most important one, followed by the new moon. Each lunar month has eight days after both the new moon and full moon Uposatha days and then either six or seven days after the other two quarter moon Uposatha days. Thus, in relation to the [[Gregorian calendar]]'s seven-day week, sometimes there are two uposatha days in a week (such as occurred the week of August 17, 2006, when uposatha days fell on August 17 and August 23, 2006) and sometimes there are none (such as occurred the week of January 15, 2006, which fell between uposatha days on January 14 and January 22, 2006). Nonetheless, there are four uposatha days a month and the average solar month's week has one uposatha day.</ref> in accordance with the four [[lunar phase]]s: the [[new moon]], the [[full moon]], and the two quarter moons in between.<ref>More specifically, using a [[Buddhist calendar]], Uposatha is observed on the following four days of the lunar month (PTS, 1921-25, pp. 151-2):
*first (new moon)
*eighth (first quarter or waxing moon)
*fifteenth (full moon)
*twenty-third (last quarter or waning moon)
According to the ''Pali English Dictionary'' (Rhys Davids and Stede, 1921-25, pp. 16, 152), the lunar month's eighth day (that is, the eighth day after the new moon) and twenty-third day (which is the eighth day after the full moon) are called in Pali ''atthama,'' which literally means the "eighth," that is, the eighth day of the lunar half-month.</ref> In some communities, such as in Sri Lanka, only the new moon and full moon are observed as uposatha days.<ref>Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999), pp. 24, 307 ''n''. 26. Nyanaponika & Bodhi refers to the quarter-moon days as "semi-Uposatha." Harvey (1990), p. 192, states that the ''uposatha'' is observed "at the full-moon, new-moon and, less importantly, two half-moon days." He goes on to state: "Except at times of major festivals, observance [''uposatha''] days are attended only by the more devout, who spend a day and night at their local monastery." [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch3 Kariyawasam (1995), ch. 3], makes a similar observation in regards to modern Sinhalese society: "The popular practice is to observe [the Eight Precepts] on full-moon days, and, among a few devout lay Buddhists, on the other phases of the moon as well."</ref>

In [[Buddhism in Myanmar|Burmese Buddhism]], Uposatha (called {{lang|my|ဥပုသ်နေ့}} {{Transliteration|my|ubot nei}}) is observed by more pious Buddhists on the following days: waxing moon ({{lang|my|လဆန်း}} {{Transliteration|my|la hsan}}), full moon ({{lang|my|လပြည့်နေ့}} {{Transliteration|my|la pyei nei}}), waning moon ({{lang|my|လဆုတ်}} {{Transliteration|my|la hsote}}), and new moon ({{lang|my|လကွယ်နေ့}} {{Transliteration|my|la kwe nei}}).<ref name="spiro">{{cite book |title=Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and its Burmese Viscittudes |last=Melford |first=Spiro |year=1970 |publisher=Harper and Row |pages=214–228 }}</ref> The most common days of observance are the full moon and the new moon. In precolonial Burma, Uposatha was a legal holiday that was observed primarily in urban areas, where secular activities like business transactions came to a halt.<ref name="spiro"/> However, since colonial rule, Sunday has replaced Uposatha as the legal day of rest. All major Burmese Buddhist holidays occur on Uposathas, namely [[Thingyan]], the beginning of [[Vassa]] (beginning in the full moon of Waso, around July, to the full moon of Thadingyut, around October). During this period, Uposatha is more commonly observed by Buddhists than during the rest of the year. During Uposatha days, Buddhist monks at each monastery assemble and recite the [[Patimokkha]], a concise compilation of the [[Vinaya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Buddhism: An Illustrated Review|publisher=Hanthawaddy Printing Works|location=Rangoon, Burma|date=1905|volume=2}}</ref>

===Mahayana countries===

In [[Mahayana]] countries that use the [[Chinese calendar]], the Uposatha days are observed ten times a month, on the 1st, 8th, 14th, 15th, 18th, 23rd, 24th and final three days of each lunar month. Alternatively, one can only observe Uposatha days six times a month; on the 8th, 14th, 15th, 23rd and final two days of each lunar month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ebooks |url=http://ftp.budaedu.org/ebooks/pdf/CE002.pdf |website=ftp.budaedu.org |access-date=2015-03-29 |archive-date=2014-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205150556/http://ftp.budaedu.org/ebooks/pdf/CE002.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Japan, these ten days are known as {{nihongo|'''jū sainichi'''|十斎日|Ten Days of Fasting}}, while the six day practice is known as {{nihongo|'''roku sainichi'''|六斎日|Six Days of Fasting}}.

=== Names of full moon Uposatha days ===
The Pali names of the uposatha days are based on the Sanskrit names of the ''[[Nakshatra|nakśatra]]'' (Pali: ''nakkhatta''), the constellations or lunar mansions through which the moon passes within a lunar month.<ref>See [[Nakshatra]], [[Hindu calendar]], ''Sanskrit English Dictionary'' by Monier Williams, s.v. 'nakśatra'.</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|+'''Full Moon Uposatha Day Names'''
|-
! Associated Month
! Pali
! Sanskrit
! Burmese
! Khmer
! Sinhala
! Thai
! Days
|-
| January
| Phussa
| [[Pushya|Puṣya]]
| Pyatho
(ပြာသို)
| Buss (បុស្ស)
| Duruthu (දුරුතු)
| Pusaya (ปุศยะ)
| 30
|-
| February
| Māgha
| [[Magha (month)|Māgha]]
| Tabodwe
(တပို့တွဲ)
| Meak (មាឃ)
| Navam (නවම්)
| Makha (มาฆะ)
| 29
|-
| March
| Phagguṇa
| [[Pūrva Phalgunī|Phalguṇa]]
| Tabaung
(တပေါင်း)
| Phalkun (ផល្គុន)
| Medin/Maedhin (මැදින්)
| Pholkuni (ผลคุณี)
| 30
|-
| April
| Citta
| [[Nakshatra|Chitrā]]
| Tagu
(တန်ခူး)
| Chaet (ចេត្រ)
| Bak (බක්)
| Chittra (จิตรา)
| 29
|-
| May
| Visākhā
| [[Vaisakhi|Viśākhā]]
| Kason
(ကဆုန်)
| Pisak (ពិសាខ)
| [[Vesak]] (වෙසක්)
| Visakha (วิสาขา)
| 30
|-
| June
| Jeṭṭhā
| [[Jyeshtha (month)|Jyeṣṭha]]
| Nayon
(နယုန်)
| Ches (ជេស្ឋ)
| [[Poson]] (පොසොන්)
| Chetta (เชษฐา)
| 29/30
|-
| July
| Āsāḷhā
| [[Pūrva Ashādhā|Aṣāḍhā]]
| Waso
(ဝါဆို)
| Asath (អាសាឍ)
| Esala/Aesala (ඇසළ)
| Asarnha (อาสาฬหะ)
| 30
|-
| August
| Sāvana
| [[Śrāvaṇa]]
| Wagaung
(ဝါခေါင်)
| Srap (ស្រាពណ៍)
| Nikini (නිකිණි)
| Savana (สาวนะ)
| 29
|-
| September
| Poṭṭhapāda
| [[Pūrva Bhādrapadā|Proṣṭhapāda/Bhādrapadā]]
| Tawthalin
(တော်သလင်း)
| Phuttrobot (ភទ្របទ)
| Binara (බිනර)
| Phattarapratha (ภัทรปทา)
| 30
|-
| October
| Assayuja
| [[Ashvinī|Aśvayuja/Aśvinī]]
| Thadingyut
(သီတင်းကျွတ်)
| Assoch (អស្សុជ)
| Vap (වප්)
| Assavani (อัศวนี)
| 29
|-
| November
| Kattikā
| [[Kṛttikā|Kāṛttikā]]
| Tazaungmon
(တန်ဆောင်မုန်း)
| Katdeuk (កត្តិក)
| Il (ඉල්)
| Krittika (กฤติกา)
| 30
|-
| December
| Māgasira
| [[Mrigashīrsha|Māṛgaśiras]]
| Natdaw
(နတ်တော်)
| Meukesae (មិគសិរ)
| Unduvap (උඳුවප්)
| Maruekasira (มฤคศิระ)
| 29
|}

== History ==
The word "''Uposatha''" derives from the ''Muluposatha Sutta'' (AN 3.70), in which a [[Upasika|lay woman]] named [[Visakha]], visited the Lord Buddha and says she is observing the Uposatha day. The Lord Buddha replies that there are different Uposatha days, then proceeds to tell her the correct version of the Uposatha day, the Uposatha of the [[Arahant|Noble Disciples]].

== Practice ==

=== Lay practice ===

On each uposatha day, devout [[Upāsaka and Upāsikā]] practice the [[Eight Precepts]],<ref>See, for instance, Kariyawasam (1995), Khantipalo (1982b), Ñanavara & Kantasilo (1993) and Thanissaro (1997b).</ref> perhaps echoing the Buddha's teaching that laypeople should "imitate" [[arhat]]s on Uposatha days.<ref>"The Uposatha Observance Discourse" in Nyanaponika & Bodhi, 1999, pp. 216-18 or, using comparable wording, in Nanavara & Khantasilo, 1993</ref> The first five of the eight precepts are similar to the [[five precepts]], that is, to refrain from killing living beings, stealing, wrong speech and to abstain from intoxicating drink or drugs,<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |title=Religions{{nowrap| –}} Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/theravada_1.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202556/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/theravada_1.shtml |archive-date=30 November 2018 |url-status=live |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=2 October 2002}}</ref> but the third precept is [[brahmacharya|abstinence of all sexual activity]] instead of refraining from sexual offenses.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tucci |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Kitagawa |first2=Joseph M. |title={{nowrap|Buddhism -}} Popular Religious Practices |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Popular-religious-practices |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204143716/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/Popular-religious-practices |archive-date=4 December 2018 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |date=27 April 2018}}</ref> The eight precepts are similar to the ten precepts observed by [[śrāmaṇera|novice monks]], except that the seventh and eighth precepts for the novices are combined, the ninth novice precept becomes the eighth, and the tenth novice precept (non-acceptance of gold and silver, use of money) is excluded as being impracticable for a lay person.<ref>Nyanaponika & Bodhi (1999), p. 307, ''n''. 26</ref> Thus, the final three precepts are to abstain from eating at the wrong time (after midday); to abstain from entertainment such as dancing, singing, music, watching shows, as well as to abstain from wearing garlands, perfumes, cosmetics, and personal adornments; and to abstain from luxurious seats and beds.{{sfn |Keown |2004 |page=22}}{{sfn |Getz |2004 |p=673}}

For lay practitioners who live near a [[vihara|Buddhist temple]], the ''uposatha'' is an opportunity for them to visit it, make [[Offering (Buddhism)|offerings]], listen to sermons by monks and participate in [[Buddhist meditation|meditation]] sessions. For lay practitioners unable to participate in the events of a local monastery, the ''uposatha'' is a time to intensify one's own meditation and Dhamma practice,<ref>Bullitt (2005); and, Khantipalo (1982a).</ref> for instance, meditating an extra session or for a longer time,<ref name="Khantipalo 1982a">Khantipalo (1982a).</ref> reading or [[Buddhist chant|chanting]] special [[Buddhist texts]],<ref>Khantipalo (1982a), for instance, suggests reading one of the following:
*Visakhuposatha Sutta ("Discourse to Visakha on the Uposatha with the Eight Practices," AN 8.43) (Khantipalo, 1982b).
*[[Metta Sutta|Karaniya-metta Sutta]] ("Discourse on Loving-kindness," [[Sutta Nipata|Sn]] 1.8) (Piyadassi, 1999a).
*[[Mangala Sutta|Maha-mangala Sutta]] ("Discourse on Blessings," Sn 2.4) (Narada, 1985).
*[[Ratana Sutta]] ("Jewel Discourse," Sn 2.1) (Piyadassi, 1999b).
*[[Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta]] ("Discourse on Setting the Wheel of Dhamma in Motion," [[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 56.11) (Thanissaro, 1993).</ref> [[anussati|recollecting]]<ref>See, for instance, the "Muluposatha Sutta" (AN 3.70) (Thanissaro, 1997b) regarding Uposatha-specific recollections and Thanissaro (1999) for the general Buddhist practice of recollections. In the Muluposatha Sutta, the Buddha recommends practicing recollection of the [[Three Jewels]] as well as of one's own virtue (''[[Śīla|sila]]'') and of the wholesome qualities that leads to rebirth as a [[Deva (Buddhism)|deva]]. In this sutta, if one spends the Uposatha engaged in such a recollection, then that Uposatha acquires the name of the recollection, such as Dhamma-Uposatha or virtue-Uposatha.</ref> or [[Dāna|giving]] in some special way.<ref name="Khantipalo 1982a"/>

Presently, the ''uposatha'' vows are mostly associated with [[Theravada|Theravāda Buddhism]] in South and Southeast Asia,<ref name="BBC" /> but it was a widespread practice in China as well,{{sfn |Buswell |Lopez |2013 |loc=Baguan zhai}} and is still practiced.{{sfn |Harvey |2000 |p=88}}

The eight precepts are meant to give lay people an impression of what it means to live as a monastic,{{sfn |Buswell |Lopez |2013 |loc=Aṣṭāṅgasamanvāgataṃ upavāsaṃ}}{{sfn |Tachibana |1992 |p=66}} and the precepts "may function as the thin end of a wedge for attracting some to monastic life."{{sfn |Whitaker|Smith|2018 |loc=Ethics (sīla)}} The objective of the eight precepts is different from the five in that they are less moral in nature, but more focused on developing [[samadhi|meditative concentration]], and preventing distractions.{{sfn |Harvey |2000 |p=87}} Among the eight precepts, the third precept is about maintaining chastity. Buddhist tradition therefore requires lay people to be chaste on observance days, which is similar to the historical Indian tradition of being chaste on ''[[parvan (Indian history)|parvan]]'' days. As for the sixth rule, this means not having food after midday, in imitation of a [[Patimokkha#Pacittiya|nearly identical rule]] for monks. Fluids are allowed.{{sfn |Terwiel |2012 |pp=201{{en dash}}2}}{{sfn |Harvey |2000 |p=87}} Taiwanese physician Ming-Jun Hung and his co-authors have analyzed early and medieval Chinese Buddhist Texts and argue that the main purposes of the half-day fast is to lessen desire, improve fitness and strength, and decrease sleepiness.{{sfn |Hung |Kuo |Chen |2002}} Historically, Chinese Buddhists have interpreted the eight precepts as including vegetarianism.{{sfn |Watson |1988 |pp=13{{en dash}}4}}

The seventh precept is sometimes also interpreted to mean not wearing colorful clothes, which has led to a tradition for people to wear plain white when observing the eight precepts.{{sfn |Harvey |2000 |p=87}}{{sfn |Buswell |Lopez |2013 |loc=Ugraparipṛcchā}} This does not necessarily mean, however, that a Buddhist devotee dressed in white is observing the eight precepts all the time.{{sfn |Terwiel |2012 |p=187, n.16}} As for the eighth precept, not sitting or sleeping on luxurious seats or beds, this usually comes down to sleeping on a mat on the floor. Though not specified in the precepts themselves, in Thailand and China, people observing the precepts usually stay in the temple overnight. This is to prevent temptations at home which break the eight precepts, and helps foster the community effort in upholding the precepts.{{refn |See {{harvtxt |Terwiel |2012 |p=203}} and {{harvtxt |Harvey |2000 |p=87}}. Only Harvey mentions China, and the sitting.}}

=== Monastic practice ===

On the new-moon and full-moon uposatha, in monasteries where there are four or more [[bhikkhu]]s,<ref>Rhys Davids & Oldenberg (1881), p. 281.</ref> the local Sangha will recite the [[Patimokkha]]. Before the recitation starts, the monks will confess any violations of the disciplinary rules to another monk or to the [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]].<ref>See, for instance, Buddhadatta (2002), p. 63, and Bullitt (2005).</ref> Depending on the speed of the Patimokkha chanter (one of the monks), the recitation may take from 30 minutes to over an hour. Depending on the monastery, lay people may or may not be allowed to attend.<ref name="Khantipalo 1982a"/>

=== Communal reciprocity ===

Describing his experience of Uposatha days in Thailand, Khantipalo (1982a) writes:
{{blockquote|Early in the morning lay people give almsfood to the bhikkhus who may be walking on almsround, invited to a layman's house, or the lay people may take the food to the monastery. Usually lay people do not eat before serving their food to the bhikkhus and they may eat only once that day.... Before the meal the laity request the Eight Precepts [from the bhikkhus] ..., which they promise to undertake for a day and night. It is usual for lay people to go to the local monastery and to spend all day and night there.... [In monasteries where] there is more study, [lay people] will hear as many as three or four discourses on Dhamma delivered by senior bhikkhus and they will have books to read and perhaps classes on Abhidhamma to attend.... In a meditation monastery ..., most of their time will be spent mindfully employed – walking and seated meditation with some time given to helping the bhikkhus with their daily duties. So the whole of this day and night (and enthusiastic lay people restrict their sleep) is given over to Dhamma.}}

== Special Uposatha days ==

In Thailand five full-moon Uposatha days are of special significance and are called [[puja (Buddhism)|puja]]:<ref>Bullitt (2005). Bullitt orders these special uposatha days in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, where Magha Uposatha thus starts the calendar year. However, in accordance with Asian lunar calendars, where the new year starts in mid April, Visakha Uposatha is the first special uposatha day of the year. The lunar calendar ordering of these days is maintained in this article for primarily two reasons: Visakha Uposatha is the most important of the uposatha festivals; and, ordering these uposatha days in this manner (i.e., Visakha Uposatha [Buddha Day], Asalha Uposatha [Dhamma Day], Magha Uposatha [Sangha Day]) celebrates the [[Triple Gem]] (Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha) in the order in which it is traditionally enumerated. Also see [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html#ch3 Kariyawasam, ch. 3, "Poya Days,"] where he identifies the relevance of all twelve full-moon uposatha days in contemporary Sinhala culture.</ref>
* '''Visakha Puja or Visakha Uposatha '''<ref>"[[Vaisakha|Vesākha]]" (Pali) is the second month of the Buddhist lunar year, usually occurring in the [[Gregorian calendar]]'s February. In Thailand this day is called 'Visakha Puja.' The word ''puja'' means "veneration" or "offering" and in Thailand is suffixed to all Uposatha days. (Pali month names are from the ''Pali English Dictionary'' (Rhys Davids & Stede,1921-25, p. 531 s.v. "māsa").</ref> or '''[[Vesak]]''' ("Buddha Day") is the most sacred Buddhist holiday. It is the anniversary of the Buddha's birth, awakening and [[parinirvana|parinibbana]].<ref>For Mahayana Buddhists, the celebration of the [[Buddha's Birthday|Buddha's birthday]] is independent of recognitions of his awakening and parinibbana and is celebrated on the waxing moon of the fourth Chinese lunar month.</ref>
* '''[[Asalha Puja]]''' or Asalha Uposatha<ref>"[[Aashaadha|Āsālha]]" (Pali) is the fourth lunar month, usually around July.</ref> ("Dhamma Day") is the anniversary of the Buddha's delivering his first discourse, which is collected as the ''[[Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta]]''. The three-month-long [[Vassa]] retreat starts the following day.
* '''[[Pavarana]]'''<ref>Pavarana Day is in the seventh lunar month of [[Asvina|Assayuja]] (Pali), usually in October.</ref> is the end of the Rains Retreat residence during which time each monk atones before the Sangha for any offense they may have committed.<ref>Rhys Davids & Oldenberg (1881), pp. 329-30.</ref>
* '''Anapanasati Day'''<ref>Anapanasati Day is the eighth lunar month of Kattika (Pali), usually in November.</ref> is the anniversary of the Buddha's delivering the ''[[Anapanasati Sutta]]''. This event is not connected to an Uposatha (Poya) day in Sri Lanka and perhaps is particular to Thailand.<ref>The Anapanasati Sutta ("Mindfulness of Breathing Discourse," [[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 118) (Thanissaro, 2006) opens on Pavarana Day in the town of Savatthi where the Buddha declares to an assembly of monks that he is so happy with the assembly's practice that he would stay in Savatthi another month. After that month passes, the Buddha delivers the core instructions of the Anapanasati Sutta, instructions which have guided lay people and monastics to higher achievement for millennia. Thus, given this canonical chronology, Anapanasati Day is celebrated a lunar month after Pavarana Day.</ref>
* '''[[Magha Puja]]''' or Magha Uposatha<ref>"[[Maagha|Māgha]]" (Pali) is the eleventh lunar month, usually around February.</ref> ("Sangha Day") is the anniversary of the assembling of 1250 monks in the Buddha's presence during which time he delivered the "Ovada-Patimokkha Gatha."<ref>The three-line Ovada-Patimokkha Gatha (Pali: "Patimokkha Exhortation Verse") (translated in [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/dhammayut/chanting.html#ovada Dhammayut Order in the United States of America, 1994)] includes the Buddha's famous dictum: "Not doing any evil, doing what is skillful, purifying one's own mind, this is the Buddha's teaching." This verse is familiar to many Westerners because it is rehashed in the widely popular [[Dhammapada]], chapter XIV, verses 183-85 [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.14.than.html#dhp-183 (Thanissaro, 1997a)].</ref>
In Sri Lanka, three full moon Uposatha or [[Poya]] days are of special significance.<ref name="accesstoinsight.org">{{Cite web |title=Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka |url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=www.accesstoinsight.org}}</ref>
* '''[[Vesak|Vesak Poya]]''', which is described above.
* '''Poson Poya''' corresponds to the Jeṭṭhā uposatha, which falls in June. It is of special significance in Sri Lanka because the monk [[Mahinda (Buddhist monk)|Mahinda]], [[Asoka]]'s son, officially introduced Buddhism to Sri Lanka on this day in the 3rd century B.C.
* '''[[Asalha Puja|Esala Poya]]''' corresponds to ''Āsāḷhā uposatha'', the full moon of July, and is described above. This day has special significance in Sri Lanka because it was the day that 56 nobles, headed by Prince Ariṭṭha, became the first Sri Lankans to be fully ordained as bhikkhus at Cetiyagiri in [[Mihintale]] by Mahinda and his companions. It therefore marks the founding of the Sri Lankan Bhikkhu Sangha.<ref name="accesstoinsight.org"/>

In Tibet and Bhutan, there are four full moon Uposatha days that are of importance<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astraltraveler.com/calendars/buddhist.html|title=.:. Buddhist Calendar .:. ASTRAL TRAVELER .:.|first=Danyel|last=Seagan|website=www.astraltraveler.com|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
* '''Chotrul Duchen'''
* '''[[Vesak|Saga Dawa Duchen]]'''
* '''Chokhor Duchen'''
* '''[[Lhabab Duchen]]'''

In China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and Vietnam there are certain full moon Uposatha days of importance.
* '''[[First Full Moon Festival (disambiguation)|First Full Moon Festival]]''', which is celebrated in Buddhist temples and also acknowledges the end of the Lunar New Year.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture |last=Davis|first= Edward L. |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2009 |isbn=9780415777162 |pages=68}}</ref>
* '''[[Buddha's Birthday]]/[[Vesak]]'''

== See also ==
*[[Buddhist calendar]]
*[[Buddhist devotion]]
*''[[Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta]]''
*''[[Dhammika Sutta]]''
*[[Eight Precepts]]
*[[Five Precepts]]
*[[List of Buddhist festivals]]
*[[Householder (Buddhism)]]
*[[Patimokkha]]
*[[Poya]] (Sri Lankan full-moon holiday)
*[[Thai lunar calendar]]
*[[Vassa]]

== Notes ==
<references/>

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
*[[A. P. Buddhadatta Mahathera|Buddhadatta Mahathera, A. P.]] (2002). ''Concise Pali-English Dictionary''. Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass. {{ISBN|81-208-0605-0}}.
*[[Access to Insight|Bullitt, John T.]] (2005). ''Uposatha Observance Days''. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sila/uposatha.html.
*Dhammayut Order in the United States of America (1994). ''A Chanting Guide.'' Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/dhammayut/chanting.html.
* {{Citation|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|last2=Lopez|first2=Donald S. Jr.|author2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|date=2013|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|url=http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/files/file-nen/Princeton_Dictionary_of_Buddhism_890707662.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144307/http://www.daophatngaynay.com/vn/files/file-nen/Princeton_Dictionary_of_Buddhism_890707662.pdf|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last=Dutt|first=Sukumar|title=Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxRHYFd0fB4C&pg=PA73|year=1988|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0498-2}}
* {{Citation|last1=Getz|first1=D.A.|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert E.|editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr.|title=Precepts|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|date=2004|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA, [[Thomson Gale]]|isbn=978-0-02-865720-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n0YAAAAIAAJ|pages=673–5}}
*Harvey, Peter (1990). ''An introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, history and practices'' (1st ed.), [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-521-31333-3}}.
* {{Citation |last1=Harvey |first1=Peter |title=An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues |date=2000 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-511-07584-1 |url=http://elibrary.ibc.ac.th/files/public/Peter%20Harvey%20-%20An%20Introduction%20to%20Buddhist%20Ethics~%20Foundations%2C%20Values%20and%20Issues.pdf |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-date=2019-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412011839/http://elibrary.ibc.ac.th/files/public/Peter%20Harvey%20-%20An%20Introduction%20to%20Buddhist%20Ethics~%20Foundations%2C%20Values%20and%20Issues.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{Citation |last1=Hung |first1=Ming-jung |last2=Kuo |first2=Cheng-deng |last3=Chen |first3=Gau-yang |journal=Buddhism and Science |volume=3 |issue=2 |date=July 2002 |pages=51{{en dash}}64 |url=http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/en/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=170382 |archive-url=https://perma-archives.org/warc/20181204151231/http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/en/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=170382 |archive-date=4 December 2018 |url-status=live |script-title=zh:佛教的「過午不食」 |trans-title=No-food-after-midday precept {{sic}} (Vikala Bhojana Veramani) in Buddhism |issn=1607-2952 |access-date=5 December 2018 }}
* Kariyawasam, A.G.S. (1995). ''Buddhist Ceremonies and Rituals of Sri Lanka'' (The Wheel Publication No. 402/404). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Retrieved 2007-10-22 from "Access to Insight" (1996 transcription) at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/kariyawasam/wheel402.html.
* {{Citation |last1=Keown |first1=Damien |author-link1=Damien Keown |title=A Dictionary of Buddhism |date=2004 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-157917-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=985a1M7L1NcC }}
*Khantipalo, Bhikkhu (1982a). ''Lay Buddhist Practice: The Shrine Room, Uposatha Day, Rains Residence'' (The Wheel No. 206/207). Kandy, Sri Lanka:Buddhist Publication Society. Also transcribed (1995) and available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/khantipalo/wheel206.html.
*Khantipalo, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1982b). ''Visakhuposatha Sutta: The Discourse to Visakha on the Uposatha with the Eight Practices'' [AN 8.43]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an08/an08.043.khan.html.
*[[Mahasi Sayadaw]] (''undated''). ''Practical Vipassana Exercises''. Buddha Dharma Education Association. Available on-line at http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/mahasit1.pdf.
*Ñanavara Thera (Somdet Phra Buddhaghosacariya) & Bhikkhu Kantasilo (trans.) (1993). ''Uposatha Sila: The Eight-Precept Observance''. Thailand:The Office of the Secretary of the Supreme Patriarch. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nanavara/uposatha.html.
*[[Narada Maha Thera|Narada Thera]] (trans.) (1985). ''Maha-mangala Sutta: Blessings'' [Sn 2.4]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.04.nara.html.
*[[Nyanaponika Thera]] and [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] (trans. and ed.) (1999). ''Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: An Anthology of Suttas from the Anguttara Nikaya''. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. {{ISBN|0-7425-0405-0}}.
*[[Piyadassi Thera]] (trans.) (1999a). ''Karaniya Metta Sutta: The Discourse on Loving-kindness'' [Sn 1.8]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.1.08.piya.html.
*Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999b). ''Ratana Sutta: The Jewel Discourse'' [Sn 2.1]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.2.01.piya.html.
*[[Thomas William Rhys Davids|Rhys Davids]], T.W. & Hermann Oldenberg (trans.) ([1881]). ''Vinaya Texts (Part I)''. Oxford:Clarendon Press. Available on-line at http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe13/sbe1313.htm. The chapter on the Uposatha, "Second Khandhaka (The Uposatha Ceremony, and the Pâtimokkha)," is available at http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe13/sbe1313.htm. The chapter on Pavarana Day, "Fourth Khandhaka (The Parâvanâ Ceremony)," is available at http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe13/sbe1315.htm.
* Rhys Davids, T.W., and William Stede, ''The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary'', 1921–25. [[Pali Text Society]], London : Chipstead. The entry on "Uposatha" is available on-line at [https://archive.today/20120711002529/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:4011.pali]. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
*{{Citation|last1=Tachibana|first1=S.|title=The Ethics of Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BRWyqi2K4WUC|date=1992|publisher=[[Curzon Press]]|isbn=978-0-7007-0230-5}}
* {{Citation |last1=Terwiel |first1=Barend Jan |title=Monks and Magic: Revisiting a Classic Study of Religious Ceremonies in Thailand |date=2012 |publisher=[[Nordic Institute of Asian Studies]] |isbn=9788776941017 |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:867441/FULLTEXT01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819011419/http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:867441/FULLTEXT01.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2018 |url-status=live }}
*[[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]] (trans.) (1993). ''Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta: Setting the Wheel of Dhamma in Motion'' [SN 56.11]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn56/sn56.011.than.html.
*Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997a). ''Buddhavagga: Awakened'' [ [[Dhammapada|Dhp]] XIV]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.14.than.html.
*Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997b). ''Muluposatha Sutta: The Roots of the Uposatha'' [AN 3.70]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.070.than.html.
*Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1999). ''The Ten Recollections: A Study Guide''. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/study/recollections.html.
*Thanissaro, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). ''Anapanasati Sutta: Mindfulness of Breathing'' [MN 118]. Available on-line at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.118.than.html.
* {{Citation |last1=Watson |first1=Burton |title=Buddhism in the Poetry of Po Chü-i |journal=The Eastern Buddhist |date=1988 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=1–22 |jstor=44361818}}
* {{Citation |editor-last1=Cozort |editor-first1=Daniel |editor-last2=Shields |editor-first2=James Mark |encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics |title=Ethics, Meditation and Wisdom |first1=J.S. |last1=Whitaker |first2=D. |last2=Smith |date=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-106317-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLNSDwAAQBAJ }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.buddhanet.net/festival.htm "Buddhist Ceremonies: Festivals and Special Days"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909192320/http://www.buddhanet.net/festival.htm |date=2024-09-09 }}, on www.buddhanet.net
*[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/dhamma/sila/uposatha.html "Uposatha Observance Days "] on www.accesstoinsight.org.
*[http://zugangzureinsicht.org/html/ptf/dhamma/sila/uposatha2016_en.html 2016 Calendar of Uposatha Days]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061208032453/http://www.buddhistgateway.com/library/rituals/ "The Rituals and Festivals of the Buddhist Life"], by Robert C. Lester (1987), on buddhistgateway.com.
*[http://www.cam-cc.org/calendar/chhankitek.php "Khmer Chhankitek Calendar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030171157/http://www.cam-cc.org/calendar/chhankitek.php |date=2009-10-30 }}, by Robert C. Lester (1987), cam-cc.org

{{LayTheravadaPractices2}}
{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Sri Lankan Buddhist Observances}}

[[Category:Buddhist festivals]]
[[Category:Festivals in Asia]]
[[Category:Lunar observation]]
[[Category:Buddhist holidays]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Burmese calendar]]
[[Category:Observances held on the full moon]]
[[Category:Observances held on the new moon]]
[[Category:Observances held on the first quarter moon]]

Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-27T08:08:03Z

PGPS: started new details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|type = LS
|name = Bijnor {{Small|UP-4}}
|established = 1952-present
|electors =17,38,387<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | archive-date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>
|reservation =None
|party = {{Party index link|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|mp =[[Chandan Chauhan]]
|incumbent_image =
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Bijnor.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bijnor Lok Sabha constituency
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|assembly_cons =[[Purqazi Assembly constituency|Purqazi]] [[Meerapur Assembly constituency|Meerapur]] [[Bijnor Assembly constituency|Bijnor]] [[Chandpur Assembly constituency|Chandpur]] [[Hastinapur Assembly constituency|Hastinapur]]
}}
'''[[Bijnor]]''' Lok Sabha Constituency ({{IPA|hi|bɪd͡ʒ.n̪ɔːɾ}}) is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
<ref>{{cite web |title=Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-4-Bijnor |url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/004_PC_Statistics_English.aspx |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="3" |2024 Lead
|-
|13
|[[Purqazi Assembly constituency|Purqazi]] (SC)
| rowspan="2" |[[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
|[[Anil Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Kumar]]
|{{party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|16
|[[Meerapur Assembly constituency|Meerapur]]
|[[Mithlesh Pal]]
|-
|22
|[[Bijnor Assembly constituency|Bijnor]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
|[[Suchi (politician)|Suchi Chaudhary]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|23
|[[Chandpur Assembly constituency|Chandpur]]
|[[Swami Omvesh]]
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|45
|[[Hastinapur Assembly constituency|Hastinapur]] (SC)
|[[Meerut district|Meerut]]
|[[Dinesh Khatik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|-
|}

==Members of Lok Sabha==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Swami Ramanand Shastri]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Abdul Lateef Gandhi]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Prakash Vir Shastri]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1967|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Swami Ramanand Shastri]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1971|1971]]
|-
|1974^
|Ram Dayal
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1977|1977]]
|[[Mahi Lal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1980|1980]]
|[[Mangal Ram Premi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}" |
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]
|Chowdhry Girdhari Lal
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|1985^
|[[Meira Kumar]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1989|1989]]
|[[Mayawati]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1991|1991]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mangal Ram Premi]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]
|[[Omvati Devi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 1999|1999]]
|[[Sheeshram Singh Ravi|Sheesh Ram Singh Ravi]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2004|2004]]
|[[Munshiram Singh]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2009|2009]]
|[[Sanjay Singh Chauhan]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2014|2014]]
|[[Bharatendra Singh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2019|2019]]
|[[Malook Nagar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[Indian general election, 2024|2024]]
|[[Chandan Chauhan]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" |
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|}
^ by poll

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Bijnor]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Bijnor">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Bijnor |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S244.htm |accessdate=1 October 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001050527/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S244.htm |archivedate=1 October 2024}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chandan Chauhan]]|party=Rashtriya Lok Dal|votes=4,04,493|percentage=39.48|change={{up}}39.48}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Deepak Saini|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=3,66,985|percentage=35.94|change={{up}}35.94}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Vijender Singh|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=2,18,986|percentage=21.38|change={{down}}29.63}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =4,446
|percentage = 0.43
|change ={{up}}0.03
}}
{{Election box majority||votes=37,508|percentage=3.34|change={{down}}3.02}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,24,432|percentage=58.93|change={{decrease}}7.29}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
 <section begin="General Election 2019"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Bijnor]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13539-33-constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=Constituency wise detailed result - General Election 2019|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|1|candidate=[[Malook Nagar]]|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=561,045|percentage=50.91|change={{increase}}29.21}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|2|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Bharatendra Singh]]|votes=491,104|percentage=44.57|change={{decrease}}1.35}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Nasimuddin Siddiqui]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=25,833|percentage=2.34|change={{increase}}2.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4,404
|percentage = 0.40
|change = {{decrease}}0.14
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 69,941
|percentage = 6.34
|change = {{decrease}}13.07
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,00,763|percentage=66.15|change={{decrease}}1.73}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="General Election 2019"/>

===General Election 2014===
 <section begin="General Election 2014"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Bijnor]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2785-constituency-wise-detailed-result/|title=Constituency wise detailed result - General Election 2014|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bharatendra Singh]]
|votes = 4,86,913
|percentage = 45.92
|change = {{increase}}45.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Shahnawaz Rana]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 2,81,139
|percentage = 26.51
|change = {{increase}}19.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Malook Nagar]]
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2,30,124
|percentage = 21.70
|change = {{decrease}}8.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[P. Jaya Prada Nahata]]
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|votes = 24,348
|percentage = 2.30
|change = {{decrease}}32.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mohammad Moosa
|party = Peace Party of India
|votes = 15,801
|percentage = 1.49
|change = {{increase}}1.49
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|votes = 5,775
|percentage = 0.54
|change = {{increase}}0.54
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2,05,774
|percentage = 19.41
|change = {{increase}}15.39
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,60,410
|percentage = 67.88
|change = {{increase}}12.91
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|swing = {{increase}}11.35
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="General Election 2014"/>

===Lok Sabha Election 1984===
* Girdhar Lal (Congress)
* Mangal Ram Premi (Lok Dal)

====By Election 1985====
* [[Meira Kumar]] ([[Indian National Congress|Congress]]) : 1,28,086 votes
* [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] ([[Lok Dal (Charan)]]) : 1,22,747
* [[Mayawati]] ([[Bahujan Samaj Party]]) : 61,504

===Lok Sabha Election 1977===
* Mahi Lal (Janata Party) : 258,663 votes <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bijnor-lok-sabha#1984|title = Bijnor Lok Sabha Election Result - Parliamentary Constituency}}</ref>
* Ram Dayal (Congress) : 62,849

==See also==
* [[Bijnor district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttar_pradesh/bijnor/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Bijnor lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttar_pradesh/bijnor/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Bijnor lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Moradabad division topics}}

{{Coord|29.38|78.14|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bijnor district]]

R. Rajasree

2026-04-24T13:54:50Z

PGPS: Created A Info

{{Short description|Indian novelist}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = R. Rajasree
| native_name =
| image = R Rajasree.jpg
| caption = R. Rajasree
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1977|5|22}}
| birth_place = [[Parassinikadavu]], [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]]
| education = [[Master of Arts|Master's]]
| occupation = Novelist, professor
| children = Nanda Parvathi, Niranjan Sreepathi
| notableworks = ''Kalyaniyennum Dakshayaniyennum Perulla Randu Sthreekalude Katha'', ''Aathreyakam''
| awards = {{ubl|[[Kerala Sahithya Akademi]] award (2022)|[[Padmaprabha Literary Award]] (2026)}}
| nationality = Indian
| language = [[Malayalam]]
}}

'''R. Rajasree''' is an Indian novelist who writes in the [[Malayalam]] language.<ref name="Manorama.com-1">{{cite web |url= https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/07/27/kerala-sahitya-akademi-awards-2022.html |title= Kerala Sahitya Akademi Awards: Anwar Ali, R Rajasree, Vinoy Thomas bag honours |date= 27 July 2022 |publisher=Manorama.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727142805/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/07/27/kerala-sahitya-akademi-awards-2022.html |archive-date=27 July 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu-1">{{cite web |url= https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-for-vaisakhan-kp-sankaran/article65689827.ece |title= State Sahitya Akademi fellowships for Vaisakhan, K.P. Sankaran |date= 27 July 2022 |work=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727134934/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-sahitya-akademi-fellowships-for-vaisakhan-kp-sankaran/article65689827.ece |archive-date=27 July 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She is a recipient of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] award of 2022 for her [[novel]], ''Kalyaniyennum Dakshayaniyennum Perulla Randu Sthreekalude Katha''.<ref name="Manorama.com-1"/><ref name="The Hindu-1"/> She is an associate professor of Malayalam department at Govt. Brennen College, Thalassery.

==Works==
* 2018: ''Nayikaanirmmathi Vazhiyum Porulum''<ref name="Kerala book store-1">{{cite web|url= https://keralabookstore.com/books-by/dr-r-rajasree/5153/| title= Books by Author Dr R Rajasree|publisher=Kerala book store.com}}</ref>
* 2018: ''Apasarppakaaghyanangal: Bhavanayum Rashtreeyavum''<ref name="Logos Books-1">{{cite web|url= https://www.logosbooks.in/product/അപസർപ്പകാഖ്യാനങ്ങൾ-ഭാവന/| title= Apasarppakaakhyaanangal: BHavanayum Rashtreeyam|publisher=Logos books}}</ref>
* 2019: ''Kalyaniyennum Dakshayaniyennum Perulla Randu Sthreekalude Katha''<ref name="Mbi Books-1">{{cite web|url= https://www.mbibooks.com/product/kalyaniyennum-dakshayaniyennum-peraya-randu-sthreekalude-katha-2/
| title= കല്യാണിയെന്നും ദാക്ഷായണിയെന്നും പേരായ രണ്ടു സ്‌ത്രീകളുടെ കത|publisher=Mbi Books}}</ref>
*2024: "Aathreyakam"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/reviews/r-rajasree-novel-athreyakam-review-mathrubhumi-books-1.9869254|title=ആത്രേയകം: മഹാഭാരതകഥയിൽ നിന്നും മഴവിൽ വർണ്ണരാജി|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]] - 2022<ref name="Manorama.com-1"/><ref name="The Hindu-1"/>
* [[Padmaprabha Literary Award]] - 2026<ref name="R. Rajasree has been selected for the Padmaprabha Award">{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2026 |title=R. Rajasree has been selected for the Padmaprabha Award |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/literature/news/novelist-r-rajasree-wins-padmaprabha-award-2026-malayalam-literature-p2350xth |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Mathrubhumi Online |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/news/kalyaniyennum-dakshayaniyennum-peraya-randu-sthreekalude-katha-r-rajasree-mathrubhumi-books-1.7735605 ഫെയ്‌സ്ബുക്കില്‍ എഴുതിയ പേരില്ലാത്തുടര്‍ക്കഥ; 17 പതിപ്പുകള്‍, അക്കാദമി പുരസ്‌കാരം]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{india-writer-stub}}

Siveri Soma

2026-04-24T09:18:52Z

PGPS: Adding new info

{{Short description|Indian politician (1966–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''Siveri Soma''' (1966 – 23 September 2018) was an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2018-09-23 |title=Andhra MLA Sarveswara Rao, ex-MLA Siveri Soma, shot dead by Naxals |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-mla-sarveswara-rao-ex-mla-siveri-soma-shot-dead-naxals-88825 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> He was a former Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]].

Soma is from Araku valley. His father was Joyyo. He studied till Class 6 at the Government High School, Araku Valley and later discontinued his studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siveri Soma(TDP):Constituency- ARAKU VALLEY(VISHAKHAPATNAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/andhra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=3947 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> His son Siveri Suresh Kumar, was appointed on compassionate grounds as Deputy Tahsildar, after the rules were relaxed as a special case.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2025-10-31 |title=Govt. gives Group-II post to son of slain former MLA |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/govt-gives-group-ii-post-to-son-of-slain-former-mla/article70226543.ece |access-date=2026-04-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Career ==
Soma represented the [[Telugu Desam Party]] and won the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Araku Valley Assembly constituency]] which was reserved for Scheduled Tribe community in the erstwhile Visakhapatnam district, later became [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district]]. He polled 34,959 votes and defeated his nearest rival Vanjangi Kanthamma of the Indian National Congress by a margin of 402 votes. He lost the 2014 Assembly election to Kidari Sarveswara Rao of YSR Congress Party who polled 63,700 votes. Soma got 29,647 votes and finished second.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Summary: Araku Valley 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/30558 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Araku Valley Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/araku-valley.html |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>

On 23 September 2018, he was shot dead at Araku valley by [[Naxalite|Maoists]] along with the then sitting MLA [[Kidari Sarveswara Rao]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-23 |title=Maoists kill Araku MLA Kidari Sarvewara Rao, ex-MLA S Soma in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/maoists-kill-tdp-mla-k-sarveswara-rao-ex-mla-s-soma-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/65921235.cms |access-date=2026-04-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soma, Siveri}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Visakhapatnam district]]

Soggade Chinni Nayana

2026-04-21T09:31:32Z

PGPS:

{{Short description|2016 Indian Telugu-language film}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Soggade Chinni Nayana
| image = Soggade Chinni Nayana poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kalyan Krishna Kurasala]]
| producer = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| screenplay = Satyanand
| story = [[Ram Mohan P]]
| starring = [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] [[Ramya Krishnan|Ramya Krishna]] [[Lavanya Tripathi]]
| music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| cinematography = [[P. S. Vinod]] Siddhardh Ramaswamy
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| studio = [[Annapurna Studios]]
| distributor = Annapurna Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|1|15}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}15{{ndash}}20 crore{{efn|The [[Broadsheet|broadsheet newspaper]] ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' estimates the film's budget as {{INR}}15 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=Nagarjuna's 'Soggade Chinni Nayana' sequel is on the cards |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-nagarjuna-s-soggade-chinni-nayana-sequel-is-on-the-cards-2181637 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224125848/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-nagarjuna-s-soggade-chinni-nayana-sequel-is-on-the-cards-2181637 |archive-date=24 February 2016 |access-date=24 February 2016 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref>|name="budget"}}
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR|82.5 crore}}{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}
}}

'''''Soggade Chinni Nayana''''' ({{translation|The young man is a charmer}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Supernatural fiction|supernatural]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Kalyan Krishna Kurasala]] and written by Satyanand and [[Ram Mohan P]]. In addition to producing the film under his [[Annapurna Studios]] banner, [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] played dual roles, starring alongside [[Ramya Krishnan|Ramya Krishna]] and [[Lavanya Tripathi]]. [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]], [[Sampath Raj]] and [[Brahmanandam]] played supporting roles. The film revolves around the soul of Bangarraju, a flirtatious [[zamindar]] whom [[Yama]] sends back to earth to reconcile his son (Ram "Ramu" Mohan) and his wife Seetha, who are on the brink of divorce. In the process, he learns about his death and its connection with a local [[Shiva]] temple.

[[P. S. Vinod]] and Siddhardh Ramaswami provided the cinematography, and [[Anup Rubens]] composed the film's soundtrack and background score. [[Prawin Pudi]] edited the film. [[Principal photography]] for the film began on 19 November 2014 after it was launched in [[Hyderabad]], and wrapped on 4 October 2015. Most of the film was shot in and around [[Rajahmundry]] and [[Mysore]].

Produced on a budget of {{INR}}15{{ndash}}20 crore, ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' was released worldwide on 15 January 2016 during the [[Makar Sankranti]] festival season in 390-410 screens. It received positive reviews from critics and was commercially successful, earning {{INR}}82 crore globally. The film was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Upendra Matte Baa]]'' (2017). A sequel titled ''[[Bangarraju]]'' was released in 2022.

== Plot ==
Ram "Ramu" Mohan is a socially-inept [[Cardiology|cardiologist]] practicing in the [[United States]]. His wife, Seetha, feels lonely since Ramu pays very little attention to her because of his work. They decide to divorce and leave for Sivapuram, [[Rajahmundry]], where Ramu's mother Satyabhama lives. Satyabhama, shocked to learn that Ramu and Seetha are divorcing, shouts at a portrait of her deceased husband Bangarraju (a benevolent, flirtatious [[zamindar]] who died nearly 30 years ago in an accident).

Bangarraju's soul is in [[Naraka (Hinduism)|Naraka]], where he continues to flirt. [[Yamaraj]], at [[Lord Shiva]]'s command, sends him back to earth because there is a mission only he can fulfill. Bangarraju, who can be seen and heard only by Satyabhama, tries to solve his family's problems. After several unsuccessful attempts, Bangarraju possesses Ramu's body on his birthday. He meets Ramu's young female cousins, and invites them to his home. On his way back Ramu meets Suri, a frightened drunk who runs away as Ramu and Bangarraju look identical. To free himself from guilt, Suri confesses that he murdered Bangarraju with a lorry after he was bribed. Before he can disclose more details, Suri dies in an accident and Bangarraju learns that his family is in danger. Ramu spends quality time with his cousins, making Seetha jealous.

Bangarraju is confronted by Satyabhama, who is unaware of recent events. He suggests that she help Seetha impress Ramu. At Satyabhama's suggestion, Ramu and Seetha go to a theatre to watch a film. When she is taunted, Ramu (possessed by Bangarraju) overpowers her tormenters. Seetha is pleasantly surprised, since Ramu failed to confront the same group earlier in a similar situation. The couple slowly grow closer, and Seetha realises that Ramu does love her. Bangarraju learns from Athmanandam, a [[Godman (India)|godman]] who can communicate with souls, that his uncle Rudraraju masterminded his murder. Rudraraju and his cousin, Veerababu, wanted to steal jewellery from a 1,000-year old temple of [[Lord Shiva]]. They murdered Bangarraju, bribing Suri to silence him.

After Rudraraju's son dies when he is bitten by a divine snake, a [[tantra|tantrik]] warns that only Bangarraju's descendants can open the lock; others would be killed by the snake. The tantrik captures Bangarraju's soul and gives a few threads to Sampath, Rudraraju's grandson, telling him to tie them to the arm of every member of Bangarraju's family to keep his soul from communicating with them. After Sampath and the others leave, the snake kills the tantrik and saves Bangarraju's soul.

Bangarraju reaches the temple, where Satyabhama can neither see nor hear him and he cannot possess Ramu. Rudraraju and Sampath attack Ramu and Seetha after the jewellery is removed from the treasury. Rudraraju tells his henchmen to put the couple in a car with the jewellery, which will make the villagers think that they are the thieves. The thread to Ramu's hand comes loose, and Bangarraju possesses him. Bangarraju fights them and retrieves the jewellery before leaving Ramu, who operates on an injured Seetha in a nearby hospital. Satyabhama removes the thread and can see Bangarraju. Ramu and Seetha reconcile, and Yamraj orders Bangarraju to return in accordance with Lord Shiva's instructions. When Satyabhama begs Bangarraju to stay, Yamraj gives him a chance to wipe away her tears. He asks her to keep smiling and live happily for his sake, and returns to Yamlok.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] in a [[dual role]] as
**Bangarraju
**Dr. Ram Mohan "Ramu"
* [[Lavanya Tripathi]] as Seetha
* [[Ramya Krishnan|Ramya Krishna]] as Satyabhama "Satya"
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Rudraraju
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|Mahadevan]] as Veerababu
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Sampath
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Aathmanandam
* [[Nagendra Babu]] as [[Yama|Yamadharmaraju]]
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]] as [[Chitragupta]]
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Suri
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Chalapathi
* [[Brahmaji]] as Ramu's cousin, Chalapathi's Son
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Ramu's cousin
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Sampath's father
* [[Saptagiri (Telugu actor)|Saptagiri]] as Himagiri
* [[L. B. Sriram]] as the temple priest
* [[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]] as Saraswathi
* [[Venu Yeldandi]]
}}

=== Special appearances ===
{{cast listing|
* [[Anushka Shetty]] as Krishna Kumari
* [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]] as Bujji
* [[Hamsa Nandini]] as Hamsa
* [[Diksha Panth]] as Hamsa's sister
}}

== Production ==
During the production of ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]'' (2014), producer and lead actor [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] liked the portions which were set against a village backdrop. He developed an interest in making a film based on Indian village life, feeling that audiences would see a "new, yet traditional lifestyle, something fresh and interesting".<ref name="Nagarjuna int DNA">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=13 January 2016 |title='Soggade Chinni Nayana' will see me explore a village subject after a decade, says Nagarjuna |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-soggade-chinni-nayana-will-see-me-explore-a-village-subject-after-a-decade-says-nagarjuna-2165270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923143934/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-soggade-chinni-nayana-will-see-me-explore-a-village-subject-after-a-decade-says-nagarjuna-2165270 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> After sketching the basic idea, [[Ram Mohan P]] approached Virinchi Varma to direct the film; Mohan produced Varma's directorial debut, ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]'' (2013). Varma declined the offer, since he wanted to film his own script.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goud |first=Nagaraj |date=23 September 2016 |title=Ram Mohan asked me to direct 'Soggade Chinni Nayana' |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-09-23/Ram-Mohan-asked-me-to-direct-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana/255276 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923145120/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-09-23/Ram-Mohan-asked-me-to-direct-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana/255276 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> Nagarjuna then gave the synopsis to Kalyan Krishna Kurasala, who completed the script within a month. Kurasala was confirmed as director, marking his directorial debut in Telugu cinema.<ref name="Nagarjuna int TH">{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=9 January 2016 |title=I want to make good, fun films |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/i-want-to-make-good-fun-films-actor-nagarjuna/article8085690.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923164747/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/i-want-to-make-good-fun-films-actor-nagarjuna/article8085690.ece |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Nagarjuna approved the inclusion of supernatural elements, such as the ghost of Bangarraju and the divine snake guarding his family, on the condition that they be positive and not frightening.<ref name="Nagarjuna int DNA" /><ref name="Nagarjuna int TH" /> The film was titled as ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' named after the song from 1966 film ''[[Aastiparulu]]'' starring Akkineni Nageswara Rao.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2016 |title=Jagayya's song for Nagarjuna |url=https://www.iqlikmovies.com/news/article/2016/01/20/Jaggayya--039-s-Song-For-Nagarjuna/13316 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509145723/https://www.iqlikmovies.com/news/article/2016/01/20/Jaggayya--039-s-Song-For-Nagarjuna/13316 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=iQlik Movies}}</ref>

He played two roles: Bangarraju, a flirtatious zamindar, and his son Ramu (a socially-inept doctor, born the day after Bangarraju's death). Ramu's character was based on Umakanth, a contestant on ''[[Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu]]'' (a game show hosted by Nagarjuna).<ref name="Nagarjuna int TH" /> As Bangarraju, Nagarjuna wore a [[dhoti]] and a 1959 watch; both were worn by his father, [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], in his many village-film starring roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2015 |title=Akkineni Nageswara Rao touches in Nagarjuna's film |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151219/entertainment-tollywood/article/akkineni-nageswara-rao-touches-nagarjuna%E2%80%99s-film |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923164745/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151219/entertainment-tollywood/article/akkineni-nageswara-rao-touches-nagarjuna%E2%80%99s-film |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> [[Ramya Krishnan]] and [[Lavanya Tripathi]] were the female leads;<ref name="Nagarjuna int TH" /> [[Pranitha Subhash]] and [[Sonal Chauhan]] were considered before Tripathi was cast.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=12 December 2014 |title=Pranitha Subhash quitting Tollywood |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141212/entertainment-tollywood/article/pranitha-subhash-quitting-tollywood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214044709/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141212/entertainment-tollywood/article/pranitha-subhash-quitting-tollywood |archive-date=14 December 2014 |access-date=14 December 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2014 |title=Nagarjuna in double role in his upcoming film |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141018/entertainment-tollywood/article/nagarjuna-double-role-his-upcoming-film |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121114538/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141018/entertainment-tollywood/article/nagarjuna-double-role-his-upcoming-film |archive-date=21 November 2014 |access-date=21 November 2014 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Initially skeptical about playing a married woman, Tripathi agreed after listening to a script reading at the Annapurna Studios office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=15 January 2016 |title=I was skeptical about playing a married woman |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-was-skeptical-about-playing-a-married-woman/20160115.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923165034/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-was-skeptical-about-playing-a-married-woman/20160115.htm |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |publisher=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]}}</ref> In a January 2016 interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'', Nagarjuna mentioned that Bangarraju and Satyabhama (played by Ramya) would be a "hot, romantic" couple, in contrast to the "innocent, cute" Ramu and Seetha (played by Tripathi).<ref name="Nagarjuna int TH" /> After being cast, Tripathi said that her character, a traditional Indian girl, would have a romantic touch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sashidhar |first=A. S. |date=24 November 2014 |title=Nagarjuna said I look good onscreen: Lavanya Tripathi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-said-I-look-good-onscreen-Lavanya-Tripathi/articleshow/45259445.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125070147/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-said-I-look-good-onscreen-Lavanya-Tripathi/articleshow/45259445.cms |archive-date=25 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

L. Satyanand wrote ''Soggade Chinni Nayana''{{'s}} screenplay, and [[Anup Rubens]] composed its soundtrack and score. [[P. S. Vinod]] and Siddhardh Ramaswami were the cinematographers. [[Prawin Pudi]] and Ravinder Reddy were in charge of the film's editing and art direction respectively.<ref name="Credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana |date=2016 |type=motion picture |language=Telugu |publisher=[[Annapurna Studios]] |place=India |time=00:05:33 to 00:08:15 |time-caption=From}}</ref> A launch ceremony was held on 19 November 2014 at Annapurna Studios in Hyderabad,<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2014 |title=Nagarjuna's new film launched |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/nagarjunas-new-film-launched/article6614405.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121114649/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/nagarjunas-new-film-launched/article6614405.ece |archive-date=21 November 2014 |access-date=21 November 2014 |website=The Hindu |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> and [[principal photography]] began several hours later on a set erected in the Studios' premises.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2014 |title=Nagarjuna's new film rolls on |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nagarjuna-s-new-film-rolls-on-news-telugu-oltr63bhhidag.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121114841/http://www.sify.com/movies/nagarjuna-s-new-film-rolls-on-news-telugu-oltr63bhhidag.html |archive-date=21 November 2014 |access-date=21 November 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Anushka Shetty]] made a [[cameo appearance]] in the film.<ref name="TH review" /> [[Hamsa Nandini]] confirmed her inclusion in the cast in December 2014; she played a supporting role and participated in a song with Nagarjuna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sashidhar |first=A. S. |date=31 December 2014 |title=Hamsa Nandini to star opp Nagarjuna |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Hamsa-Nandini-to-star-opp-Nagarjuna/articleshow/45703397.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121065825/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Hamsa-Nandini-to-star-opp-Nagarjuna/articleshow/45703397.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Raju Sundaram, Vishwa and Raghu choreographed the songs.<ref name="Credits" /> Television presenter [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]] played Nagarjuna's cousin after [[Swathi Reddy]] backed out, citing scheduling conflicts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=20 January 2015 |title=Anchor Anasuya in Nagarjuna's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Anchor-Anasuya-in-Nagarjunas-film/articleshow/45955130.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121065743/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Anchor-Anasuya-in-Nagarjunas-film/articleshow/45955130.cms |archive-date=21 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2015 |title=Swathi turns down Nagarjuna's film |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Swathi-turns-down-Nagarjunas-film/articleshow/46025679.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127061013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Swathi-turns-down-Nagarjunas-film/articleshow/46025679.cms |archive-date=27 January 2015 |access-date=27 January 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Diksha Panth also made a cameo appearance; her inclusion was confirmed in August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2015 |title=Diksha Panth from sanyasin to glam-doll |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Diksha-Panth-from-sanyasin-to-glam-doll/articleshow/48330682.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923165244/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Diksha-Panth-from-sanyasin-to-glam-doll/articleshow/48330682.cms |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Nagarjuna had to simultaneously complete his portions of ''[[Oopiri]]'' (2016) and ''Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu'' during 2015.<ref name="Nagarjuna int DNA" /> Filming resumed on 11 February 2015 after completion of two schedules.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2015 |title=Nagarjuna resumes shooting for his next |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-resumes-shooting-for-his-next/articleshow/46140353.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207032023/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-resumes-shooting-for-his-next/articleshow/46140353.cms |archive-date=7 February 2015 |access-date=7 February 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Principal photography continued in [[Mysore]] on 10 March 2015 after key sequences were filmed in and around [[Rajahmundry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2015 |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana team shoots in Mysore |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Soggade-Chinni-Nayana-team-shoots-in-Mysore/articleshow/46514811.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310121149/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Soggade-Chinni-Nayana-team-shoots-in-Mysore/articleshow/46514811.cms |archive-date=10 March 2015 |access-date=10 March 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Several scenes were filmed at a 1,500-year-old [[Vishnu]] temple in Kere Thonnur village in Mandya District.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=10 March 2015 |title=Nagarjuna shoots at a historical temple |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-shoots-at-a-historical-temple/articleshow/46516310.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310121327/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-shoots-at-a-historical-temple/articleshow/46516310.cms |archive-date=10 March 2015 |access-date=10 March 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> In September 2015, with ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' nearing completion, its film unit told [[Indo-Asian News Service]] that a few key scenes would be re-filmed on the advice of writer [[Sai Madhav Burra]] (who changed some scenes to suit the story). The re-filming delayed its release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2015 |title=Key scenes of Soggade Chinni Nayana to be reshot |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Key-scenes-of-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana-to-be-reshot/articleshow/49163697.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923165251/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Key-scenes-of-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana-to-be-reshot/articleshow/49163697.cms |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=The Times of India |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref> Principal photography [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on 4 October 2015 in Mysore, and [[post-production]] began shortly afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2015 |title=Nagarjuna's wraps up Soggade Chinni Nayana |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-wraps-up-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana/articleshow/49216959.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924094028/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjunas-wraps-up-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana/articleshow/49216959.cms |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' was produced on a budget of {{INR}}150{{ndash}}200 million.{{efn|name="budget"}}

== Music ==

{{Infobox album
| name = Soggade Chinni Nayana
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Anup Rubens]]
| cover =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2015|12|29}}
| recorded = 2015
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 21:39
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Anup Rubens
| prev_title = [[Soukhyam]]
| prev_year = 2015
| next_title = Padesave
| next_year = 2016
}}

The six-song ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' soundtrack was composed by [[Anup Rubens]]; however, its initial release had only five songs. [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] wrote the lyrics for two songs: "Vasthane Vasthane" and "Untale". [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar|Bhaskarabhatla]], Balaji and Krishna Kanth wrote the lyrics of one song each.<ref name="tracklist">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2015 |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana Full Songs Jukebox |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH6S0C0xlH8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712210233/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH6S0C0xlH8 |archive-date=12 July 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |publisher=[[Aditya Music]] |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> The title song was written by [[Anantha Sreeram]] and performed by Satya Yamini, Nuthana and Vinayak.<ref name="single">{{Cite web |date=29 December 2015 |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana Title Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3l7xyiqdvZA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525142600/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3l7xyiqdvZA |archive-date=25 May 2017 |access-date=24 September 2016 |publisher=Annapurna Studios |via=YouTube}}</ref> The soundtrack, on [[Aditya Music]], was released on 25 December 2015 with a promotional event at [[Shilpakala Vedika]], Hyderabad.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Telugu Track-List<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2015 |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Anup Rubens |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/soggade-chinni-nayana-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1071360470 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108230136/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/soggade-chinni-nayana-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1071360470 |archive-date=8 November 2018 |access-date=8 November 2018 |website=[[iTunes]] |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2015 |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana Title Song {{!}}{{!}} Nagarjuna, Ramya Krishnan, Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIhcD0B_t6Q |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101081612/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIhcD0B_t6Q |archive-date=1 January 2016 |access-date=8 November 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:37
| title1 = Dikka Dikka Dum Dum
| lyrics1 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]
| extra1 = Akkineni Nagarjuna, Dhanunjay, [[Mohana Bhogaraju]]
| length1 = 4:07
| title2 = Nee Navve
| lyrics2 = Balaji
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Dhanunjay
| length2 = 4:27
| title3 = Vasthane Vasthane
| lyrics3 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra3 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]]
| length3 = 4:41
| title4 = Untale Untale
| lyrics4 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra4 = [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
| length4 = 2:14
| title5 = Addhira Banna
| lyrics5 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra5 = [[Anudeep Dev]], Arun, Dhanunjay, Raghuram, Sampath, Prakash, Lokesh
| length5 = 2:03
| title6 = Soggade Chinni Nayana
| lyrics6 = [[Anantha Sreeram]]
| extra6 = Satya Yamini, Nutana Mohan, Vinayak
| length6 = 4:05
}}

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Tamil Track-List<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2017 |title=Sokkali Mainar (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sokkali-mainor/WrGv52ER-Zw_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128164914/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/sokkali-mainor/WrGv52ER-Zw_ |archive-date=28 January 2022 |access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:51
| title1 = Oru Paravai Koottin Ulle
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Suchith Suresan]], Vinaitha
| length1 = 4:41
| title2 = Nee Vaanam Naan Kaattru
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Suchith Suresan]], Vinitha
| length2 = 4:06
| title3 = Kallu Koncham Ullappona
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Mukesh Mohamed]], [[Priya Himesh|Priya Hemesh]]
| length3 = 4:20
| title4 = Athiradiyaa Saravediyaa
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Ramu
| length4 = 0:54
| title5 = Sivasiva Sampo
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Ramu
| length5 = 2:22
| title6 = Pogathe Pogathe
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Vinaitha
| length6 = 2:13
}}

=== Reception ===

According to Karthik Srinivasan of ''[[The Hindu]]'', the [[Hook (music)|hook]] of "Dikka Dikka Dum Dum" resembles one written by [[A. R. Rahman]] for the Tamil song "Kaatre En Vasal" from ''[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]'' (2000): ''"Thulli varum kaatre, thulli varun kaatre, thaaimozhi pesu"''. Srinivasan called its melody "heady, raucous and very rhythmic".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Karthik |date=24 January 2016 |title=Hitman: Songs you must listen to this week |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hitman-songs-you-must-listen-to-this-week/article8146169.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924095035/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/hitman-songs-you-must-listen-to-this-week/article8146169.ece |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo from ''The Hindu'' wrote that Rubens' music complemented the film's rural backdrop.<ref name="TH review" /> [[Sify]] called Rubens' music one of the film's biggest strengths, which "perfectly gelled with the rustic storyline".<ref name="Sify Review" />

== Release and reception ==
''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' was released worldwide on 15 January 2016 in 800-900 screens. Three other Telugu films (''[[Nannaku Prematho]]'', ''[[Express Raja]]'' and ''[[Dictator (2016 film)|Dictator]]'') were released at the same time, which affected its distribution.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} Nagarjuna defended his release decision, saying that the film's rural backdrop made it suitable for the [[Makar Sankranti]] season (a harvest festival). He added, "I announced the date two and a half months ago and blocked the theatres. There’s nothing I can do now".<ref name="Nagarjuna int TH" /> Global Cinema acquired the film's theatrical rights for the Nizam region.{{efn|For film-industry purposes, the Nizam region includes the three districts of [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]], [[Bidar district|Bidar]], and [[Raichur district|Raichur]] in [[Karnataka]] and seven districts in the [[Marathwada]] region ([[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Latur district|Latur]], [[Nanded district|Nanded]], [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]], [[Beed district|Beed]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]] and [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]]) apart from the state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2013 |title=Nizam territory will remain indispensable for Tollywood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082550/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms |archive-date=15 February 2015 |access-date=24 November 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>}}

=== Critical reception ===
Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' four out of five stars, praising Kurasala's narrative clarity and calling it "wonderful overall" for its consistent tempo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=17 January 2016 |title=Movie review 'Soggade Chinni Nayana': It's Nagarjuna's show all the way! |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/movie-reviews/160116/movie-review-soggade-chinni-nayana-it-s-nagarjuna-s-show-all-the-way.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221082450/http://deccanchronicle.com/movie-reviews/160116/movie-review-soggade-chinni-nayana-it-s-nagarjuna-s-show-all-the-way.html |archive-date=21 February 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo, in ''The Hindu'', gave the film 3.5 stars out of five and said it was set in a "familiar, comfort zone" which "guarantees a lot of fun". Dundoo found the temple-and-snake subplot engaging.<ref name="TH review">{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=16 January 2016 |title='Soggade' charms all the way |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/soggade-chinni-nayana-charms-all-the-way/article8114012.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116115122/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/soggade-chinni-nayana-charms-all-the-way/article8114012.ece |archive-date=16 January 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Pranita Jonnalagedda of ''[[The Times of India]]'' also gave the film 3.5 stars out of five, calling it "so uncomplicated, unfussy and unpretentious" that viewers "get hooked to its simplicity".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonnalagedda |first=Pranitha |date=17 January 2016 |title=Soggade Chinni Nayana Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Soggade-Chinni-Nayana/movie-review/50611004.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222134754/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Soggade-Chinni-Nayana/movie-review/50611004.cms |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

[[Sify]] gave ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' three stars out of five, comparing the film to Nageswara Rao's 1978 film ''Sri Rama Raksha''. The reviewer praised Nagarjuna's performance and Kurasala's narrative clarity.<ref name="Sify Review">{{Cite web |date=16 January 2016 |title=Review : Soggade Chinni Nayana |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/soggade-chinni-nayana-review--qbopwUdfiabgc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130080547/http://www.sify.com/movies/soggade-chinni-nayana-review--qbopwUdfiabgc.html |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> L. Ravichander of ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave it a negative review, calling it an obsolete film with crass humor. Ravichander called Ramya's performance the "lone bright spot ... all grace, charm and vigour."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravichander |first=L. |date=17 January 2016 |title=So... obsolete |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-01-17/So-obsolete/200626 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222135114/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-01-17/So-obsolete/200626 |archive-date=22 February 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=The Hans India}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' had an average 70-percent theatre occupancy rate and grossed {{INR}}55 million (with a distributor share of {{INR}}39 million) at the [[Andhra Pradesh|AP]]-Nizam box office on its first day. In three days, the film grossed {{INR}}130 million and collected a distributor share of {{INR}}85 million at the AP-Nizam box office. The three-day global gross passed {{INR}}200 million, with a distributor share of {{INR}}141 million.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} According to trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]], ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' grossed US$535,183 ({{INR}}362 million) at the United States box office in its first weekend and was Nagarjuna's second-highest-grossing film in India (after ''Manam'').{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} In five days, the film grossed $629,303 ({{INR}}42.9 million) at the U.S. box office after a significant decline.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} In its first week, ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' grossed {{INR}}347.4 million globally. With a distributor share of {{INR}}228.3 million, it became profitable.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}

After losing 30 screens to ''[[Airlift (film)|Airlift]]'', ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' grossed $776,940 ({{INR}}52.7 million) in ten days at the U.S. box office.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} By the end of its second week, the film grossed {{INR}}559.6 million globally and had a distributor share of {{INR}}357.3 million.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} In its third week, after losing many screens due to new releases, the film retained 19 screens in the U.S. and grossed $827,918 ({{INR}}53.2 million) in 17 days. With a distributor share of {{INR}}38 million on an investment of {{INR}}6.5 million, ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' became Nagarjuna's highest-grossing film in India.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} In 20 days, the film grossed {{INR}}638.8 million globally and collected a distributor share of {{INR}}404.8 million; it became one of the few Telugu films to cross the 40-[[crore]] ({{INR}}400 million) mark.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}

''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' retained seven screens in its fourth week in the U.S., grossing $837,089 ({{INR}}56.9 million) in 24 days.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} The film completed a 50-day-run in more than 75 theatres on 4 March 2016, a record for a Nagarjuna film. The global gross and distributor-share figures stood at {{INR}}700 million and {{INR}}440 million, respectively.{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}} It was estimated to have grossed over {{INR}}750 million globally in its theatrical run.<ref name="gross IANS">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2016 |title=Kannada remake of 'Soggade Chinni Nayana' on the cards |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Kannada-remake-of-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana-on-the-cards/2016/05/26/article3452350.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924171025/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Kannada-remake-of-Soggade-Chinni-Nayana-on-the-cards/2016/05/26/article3452350.ece |archive-date=24 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref>

== Remakes and dubbed versions ==
The film was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Upendra Matte Baa]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2017 |title=Upendra Matte Baa movie review: Soggade Chinni Nayana remake works in some bits, falls flat in others |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/upendra-matte-baa-movie-review-soggade-chinni-nayana-remake-works-in-some-bits-falls-flat-in-others-4214999.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171211151901/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/upendra-matte-baa-movie-review-soggade-chinni-nayana-remake-works-in-some-bits-falls-flat-in-others-4214999.html |archive-date=11 December 2017 |access-date=11 December 2017 |website=Firstpost |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagarjuna Akkineni: Everything I am today, I owe to newcomers |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2021/mar/31/nagarjuna-akkinenieverything-i-am-today-i-owe-to-newcomers-23706.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331125804/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2021/mar/31/nagarjuna-akkinenieverything-i-am-today-i-owe-to-newcomers-23706.html |archive-date=31 March 2021 |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] dubbed version, ''Sokkali Mainar'' was released on 14 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2017 |title=Nagarjuna – Ramya Tollywood hit in Tamil |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/250117/nagarjuna-ramya-tollywood-hit-in-tamil.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825054535/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/250117/nagarjuna-ramya-tollywood-hit-in-tamil.html |archive-date=25 August 2021 |access-date=25 August 2021 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sokkali Mainar- Times Of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/sokkali-mainor/movieshow/61315275.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306193342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-details/sokkali-mainor/movieshow/61315275.cms |archive-date=6 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film was dubbed in Hindi as ''The Return Of Raju''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''The Return of Raju'' |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/the-return-of-raju-2016-hindi-comedy-drama-film/0-0-8709 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928130027/https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/the-return-of-raju-2016-hindi-comedy-drama-film/0-0-8709 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=25 August 2021 |website=[[ZEE5]]}}</ref>

==Sequel==
{{Main|Bangarraju}}

Due to Bangarraju's popularity, Nagarjuna announced the film's sequel with Kurasala returning as director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=Nagarjuna announces sequel to Soggade Chinni Nayana |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/230216/nagarjuna-announces-sequel-to-soggade-chinni-nayana.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925023909/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/230216/nagarjuna-announces-sequel-to-soggade-chinni-nayana.html |archive-date=25 September 2016 |access-date=25 September 2016 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The film is titled as ''Bangarraju'' and it has Nagarjuna reprising his roles as Bangarraju and Ramu and Ramya Krishna as Satyabhama alongside a new cast including [[Naga Chaitanya]] as Bangarraju's grandson, Chinna Bangarraju, and [[Krithi Shetty]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palisetty |first=Ramya |date=20 August 2021 |title=Nagarjuna and Naga Chaitanya begin Bangarraju shoot. See pics from puja ceremony |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nagarjuna-and-naga-chaitanya-begin-bangarraju-shoot-see-pics-from-puja-ceremony-1843377-2021-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820151845/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nagarjuna-and-naga-chaitanya-begin-bangarraju-shoot-see-pics-from-puja-ceremony-1843377-2021-08-20 |archive-date=20 August 2021 |access-date=24 August 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> However, its production was postponed due to several reasons and the pre-production works of the sequel was completed in November 2020 and filming was completed in December 2021. The film was released on 14 January 2022 coinciding with [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vyas |date=2020-11-25 |title=Rashmika in Nagarjuna's Bangarraju? |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/rashmika-in-nagarjunas-bangarraju-658312 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125054306/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/rashmika-in-nagarjunas-bangarraju-658312 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-02 |title=Akkineni Nagarjuna on why his film is called Wild Dog: 'The title suits my character' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/akkineni-nagarjuna-on-why-his-film-is-called-wild-dog-the-title-suits-my-character-7210805/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305132833/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/akkineni-nagarjuna-on-why-his-film-is-called-wild-dog-the-title-suits-my-character-7210805/ |archive-date=5 March 2021 |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"| 28 & 29 March 2017
| rowspan="2"| [[2nd IIFA Utsavam|IIFA Utsavam]]
| Best Lyricist – Telugu
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| {{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}
|-
| Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 9 April 2017
| [[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]] – [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]] National Film Awards
| Best Actor
| [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]]
| {{won}}
| {{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}
|-
| April 2017
| [[Sakshi Excellence Awards]]
| Best female playback singer in -Telugu
Most Popular Actor Of The Year - Female
| rowspan="2"|[[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
[[Lavanya Tripathi|Lavanya tripati]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=3rd Sakshi Excellence Awards Winners: Allu Arjun and Lavanya Tripathi win top awards |url=http://www.sakshiexcellenceawards.com/index.php?page=winners&pageid=9&subpageid=25&subsubpageid=72 |access-date=29 December 2017 |website=Sakshi Excellence Awards}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 17 June 2017
| rowspan="2"| [[64th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web |title=TELUGU NOMINATIONS FOR FILMFARE AWARDS SOUTH 2017 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2017/telugu/nominations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706042525/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2017/telugu/nominations |archive-date=6 July 2019 |access-date=9 January 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Ramya Krishnan]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 30 June & 1 July 2017
| rowspan="2"| [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)|Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"| <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2017 |title=SIIMA Nominations: Theri, Janatha Garage, Maheshinte Prathikaram and Kirik Party lead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705012559/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=9 January 2020 |website=Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director (Telugu)|Best Debut Director (Telugu)]]
| rowspan="2"| Kalyan Krishna
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 14 November 2017
| rowspan="2"| [[Nandi Awards of 2016|Nandi Awards]]
| [[Nandi Award for Best First Film of a Director|Best First Film of a Director]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2"| {{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| Sanath (Fire Fly Digital)
| {{won}}
|-
| January 2018
| [[Zee Cine Awards Telugu]]
| Girl Next Door of the Year
| [[Lavanya Tripathi]]
| {{won}}
|{{Cn needed|date=September 2025}}
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5340522}}
{{Nagarjuna (actor)}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s supernatural films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2016 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2016 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian horror drama films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:2010s horror drama films]]
[[Category:Supernatural drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anoop Rubens]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Foreign films set in the United States]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kalyan Krishna]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural films]]
[[Category:Paranormal films]]
[[Category:Annapurna Studios films]]

Sohini Sengupta

2026-04-18T13:50:36Z

PGPS: Adding stub

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sohini Sengupta
| image = 
| alt =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| father= [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]]
| mother = [[Swatilekha Sengupta]]
| spouse = {{Ubl
| {{Marriage|[[Goutam Halder]]||2006|end=div}}
| {{Marriage|[[Saptarshi Maulik]]|2013}}
}}
}}
'''Sohini Sengupta''' is an Indian film and theatre actress. Daughter of actor [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]] and [[Swatilekha Sengupta]], who are also active in theatre, Sohini is one of the leading actors of the [[Bengali theatre]] group [[Nandikar]]. As a member of the group, she has worked with prominent theatre personalities such as [[Debshankar Halder]], Sumanto Gangopadhyay and [[Parthapratim Deb]],<ref name="Sohini Sengupta on theatre, Nandikar and more-Interview">{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Shrabanti |title=Sohini Sengupta on theatre, Nandikar and more-Interview |url=http://calcuttatube.com/sohini-sengupta-on-theatre-nandikar-and-more-interview/118071/ |publisher=CalcuttaTube |access-date=25 June 2012}}</ref> and was awarded [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]'s 2007 ''Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar'' for contributions to theatre. She also played a supporting role in [[Aparna Sen]]’s film [[Paromitar Ek Din]] (2000)<ref name="My mom and me">{{cite news |title=My mom and me |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/My%20mom%20and%20me/0/30415.html |access-date=25 June 2012 |newspaper=India Today |date=27 February 2009 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006092848/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/My |url-status=dead }}</ref> for which she won the [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress award]] at the 2000 National Film Awards.

==Personal life==
Sengupta was born to parents [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]] and [[Swatilekha Sengupta]] in [[Kolkata]]. She was married to actor [[Goutam Halder]] till their divorce in 2006. In 2013 she married her co-actor Saptarshi Moulik at a private ceremony.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/theatre/sohini-wanted-to-live-in-but-saptarshi-wanted-a-marriage-/articleshow/21747313.cms |title=Sohini wanted to live in, but Saptarshi wanted a marriage. - Times of India |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''[[Paromitar Ek Din]]'' (2000)<ref>{{cite news |last1=দত্ত |first1=অন্বেষা |title=ওরাও আছে সমান্তরালে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/samantaral-portrayed-the-oddity-in-a-story-1.713897 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=27 November 2017 |language=bn}}</ref>
* ''[[Icche]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Alik Sukh]]'' (2013)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sankha |title=Doctors are human beings, not God! Revisiting 'Alik Sukh' as the film clocks 7 years - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/doctors-are-human-beings-not-god-revisiting-alik-sukh-as-the-film-clocks-7-years/articleshow/77079100.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Belaseshe]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Posto (film)|Posto]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite news |last1=সিংহ |first1=তাপস |title=প্রকৃত অভিভাবক কে, জানে পোস্ত |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/film-review-of-posto-1.612770 |work=www.anandabazar.com |publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=15 May 2017 |language=bn}}</ref>
* ''[[Sanjhbati]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Abhijaan (2022 film)|Abhijaan]]'' (2022)<ref>{{cite news |date=29 March 2021 |title=Trailer for biopic on Soumitra out now |language=en |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/trailer-biopic-soumitra-out-now-2068929}}</ref>
* ''[[Aay Khuku Aay]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Pradhan (2023 film)|Pradhan]]'' (2023)
* [[Babli (film)|''Babli'']] (2024)
* ''[[Shontaan]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shontaan (2024) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in kolkata |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/kolkata/shontaan/ET00410628 |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* ''[[Aarii]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Grihapravesh (2025 film)|Grihapravesh]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Nari Choritro Bejay Jotil]]'' (2026)
* ''Phool Pishi O Edward'' (2026)

==Plays==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* Gotraheen {{ref label|Sohini|a}}<ref name="My mom and me" />
* Babli
* Chitrangada
* Bappaditya
* Sojon Badiyar Ghat
* Madhabi<ref name="play">{{cite news |last1=Ghosal |first1=Sharmistha |title=Thespian Sohini Sengupta on why she turned down Sacred Games |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/theatre/2018/dec/14/thespian-sohini-sengupta-on-why-she-turned-down-sacred-games-11612.html |work=www.indulgexpress.com |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=14 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* Kanyadan
* Dulia
* Amaar Priyo Rabindranath
* Anto Adi Anto<ref name="play"/>
* Tomaar Naam
* Kanyadan
* Rani Kadambini<ref name="play"/>
* Tomar Naam
* Ajnatobaas
* Naachni<ref name="play"/>
* Bipannata<ref>{{cite news |title=NSD's Bharat Rang Mahotsav: Ten must-watch women-oriented plays |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/lifestyle-gallery/nsds-bharat-rang-mahotsav-ten-must-watch-women-oriented-plays/4/ |work=The Indian Express |date=2 February 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
* Mrityunjoy<ref>{{cite news |last1=Debolina |first1=Sen |title=Theatre review: Mrityunjoy - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/theatre/theatre-review-mrityunjoy/articleshow/63281527.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
*Panchajanya
}}

==Television/Web Series==
===Television===
* ''Thakumar Jhuli as Thakuma''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Zinia |title=Meet the thakuma of Thakurmar Jhuli - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/meet-the-thakuma-of-thakurmar-jhuli/articleshow/67656402.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Khorkuto]]'' ''as Meghomala Mukherjee'' aka ''Putu Pishi''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sen |first1=Debolina |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/when-i-was-offered-khor-kuto-during-lockdown-i-felt-blessed-sohini/articleshow/78916090.cms |title=When I was offered Khor Kuto during lockdown, I felt blessed: Sohini |date=28 October 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
*''[[Sona Roder Gaan]] as'' ''Anandi's Mother''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Sampita |title=পায়েলের মা হয়ে ফিরছে পুটু পিসি |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/payel-de-sohini-sengupta-starrer-sona-roder-gaan-will-be-starting-from-january/articleshow/88298965.cms |work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=16 December 2021 |language=bn}}</ref>
*''[[Guddi (TV series)|Guddi]] as Maammaam''
*''Badal Shesher Pakhi as Pranati Mukherjee''
*''Kamala Nibas'' as Kamala ([[Zee Bangla]]) (2026–Present) '<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajkaal.in/entertainment/debshankar-halder-and-sohini-sengupta-starrer-kamala-nibas-promo-out-184725 |title=প্রকাশ্যে 'কমলা নিবাস'-এর ঝলক, সোহিনী-দেবশঙ্করের ধারাবাহিকের আগমনে কপাল পুড়ছে কার?}}</ref>
===Web Series===
*''[[Abar Proloy]]'' as Constable Madhobi
*''[[Advocate Achinta Aich]]'' as Advocate Nandini Sinha
*''[[Anusandhan (TV series)|Anusandhan]]'' as Mili Mitra, a journalist

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
!Category
!Role
!Show
|-
|1999
|[[National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|Sohini Haldar<ref name=DFF2000>{{cite book |editor1-last=Sengupta |editor1-first=Ratnottama |title=47th National Film Festival 2000 |date=September 2000 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |page=31 |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/47th_nff_2000.pdf}}</ref>
|''[[Paromitar Ek Din]]''
|-
|2007
|[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]
|Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar
|Herself
|For her contribution to theatre.<ref name=SNA2007>{{cite web |title=Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar 2007 |url=http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/yuva2007.htm |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|[[ABP Ananda]] Sera Bangali
|Sera Bangali
|Herself
|For her Acting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shera Bangali salute |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shera-bangali-salute/cid/268248 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=10 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] ''She Awards''
|''She Awards''
|Herself
|For her contribution to theatre.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Telegraph She Awards 2020 saw women achievers being feted on stage |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-telegraph-she-awards-2020-saw-women-achievers-being-feted-on-stage/cid/1747634 |work=www.telegraphindia.com |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=22 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Star Jalsha Parivaar Awards
|Priyo Nonod
|Putu Pishi
|Khorkuto
|-
|2025
|Zee 24 Ghanta Binoder Sera 24
|Best Supporting Actor - Female Award
|Sreemati
|[[Grihapravesh (2025 film)]]
|-
|}

==Notes==
:{{note label|Sohini|a}} This was the first play where Swatilekha and Sohini– mother and daughter worked together.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|1100041}}

{{National Film Award Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Bengali theatre}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sengupta, Sohini}}
[[Category:Bengali actresses]]
[[Category:Bengali theatre personalities]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Best Supporting Actress National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

IndiaOne Air

2026-04-18T08:03:33Z

PGPS: Created a details.

{{Short description|Regional airline of India}}
{{Infobox airline
| airline = IndiaOne Air
| logo = IndiaOne Air Logo.jpg
| logo_size = 250
| image = File:VT-HJS (side).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = [[Cessna 208 Caravan]] of IndiaOne Air
| fleet_size = 3
| destinations = 5
| IATA = I7
| ICAO = IOA
| callsign = INDIA FIRST
| founded = {{Start date and age|2020}}
| commenced = {{Start date and age|2022|08|03|df=yes}}
| headquarters = [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
| key_people = Prem Kumar Garg ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| parent = GSEC Monarch and Deccan Aviation
| hubs = [[Biju Patnaik Airport]] ([[Bhubaneshwar]])
| focus_cities =
| frequent_flyer = 
| website = https://www.indiaoneair.com/
}}

'''IndiaOne Air''' is an Indian [[regional airline]] headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]. The airline operates scheduled domestic flights using a fleet of [[Cessna 208 Caravan]] aircraft with its main hub at the [[Biju Patnaik Airport]] in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]].

== History ==
IndiaOne Air was established in 2020. The airline completed its proving flight on 22 June 2022, after which it received its Air Operator Certificate (AOC) on 24 June 2022 from the [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]].<ref name="IOA">{{cite web|title=IndiaOne Air - About|url=https://www.indiaoneair.com/about-us.html|publisher=IndiaOneAir|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Year End Review: 2022 - Ministry of Civil Aviation
|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1884212&reg=3&lang=2|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=16 December 2022|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> It commenced commercial scheduled operations soon after, with its inaugural flight from [[Biju Patnaik Airport|Bhubaneswar]] to [[Jeypore Airport|Jeypore]] in [[Odisha]] as a part of the [[Government of India]]’s [[UDAN]] Regional Connectivity Scheme.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jeypore on aviation map, flights from Oct 31|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2022/Oct/30/jeypore-on-aviation-map-flights-from-oct-31-2513181.html|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=30 October 2022|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref>

== Corporate affairs ==
The airline is headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]. Prem Kumar Garg serves as the [[Chief Executive Officer]] of the airline.<ref name="IOA"/>

== Destinations ==
{{As of|January 2026}}, IndiaOne Air flies to eight destinations in [[Eastern India]] from its hub is at [[Biju Patnaik Airport]] in Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Approved Winter Schedule Domestic - GSEC Monarch and Deccan Aviation|url=https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?baseLocale=en_US?page=jsp/dgca/InventoryList/airOperation/certification/scheduled/domestic/2025/GSEC%20Monarch%20and%20Deccan%20Aviation%20Private%20Limited_flight_Schedule.pdf&mainnull|work=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]]|date=16 October 2022|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Country (State)
! City
! Airport
! Notes
|-
|India ([[Andhra Pradesh]])||[[Visakhapatnam]]||[[Visakhapatnam Airport]]||
|-
|India ([[Chhattisgarh]])||[[Raipur]]||[[Swami Vivekananda Airport]]||{{Terminated}}
|-
|India ([[Jharkhand]])||[[Jamshedpur]]||[[Sonari Airport]]||{{Terminated}}
|-
|rowspan="4"|India ([[Odisha]])||[[Bhawanipatna]]||[[Utkela Airport]]||
|-
|[[Bhubaneswar]]||[[Biju Patnaik Airport]]||{{Airline hub|Hub}}
|-
|[[Jeypore]]||[[Jeypore Airport]]||
|-
|[[Rourkela]]||[[Rourkela Airport]]||
|-
|rowspan="2"|India ([[West Bengal]])||[[Cooch Behar]]|| [[Cooch Behar Airport]]||{{Terminated}}
|-
|[[Kolkata]]||[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport]]||{{Terminated}}
|}

== Fleet ==
[[File:VT-HJS.jpg|thumb|IndiaOne Air's [[Cessna 208 Caravan]]]]

{{As of|January 2026}}, IndiaOne Air operates a fleet of three [[Cessna 208 Caravan]] single-engine utility [[turbo prop]] aircraft suitable for short regional sectors.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Scheduled/Scheduled Commuter Operators|url=https://www.dgca.gov.in/digigov-portal/?baseLocale=en_US?page=jsp/dgca/InventoryList/airOperation/certification/scheduled/sch-oper.pdf|work=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]]|date=30 September 2025|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> The aircraft has a capacity to carry nine passengers, and ideal for connecting smaller airports with limited infrastructure. The aircraft are equipped with advanced avionics (Garmin G1000 NXi) and is fitted with a [[cockpit voice recorder|cockpit voice and data recorder]], usually uncommon for such smaller aircraft.<ref name="IOA"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Goyer |first=Robert |date=26 April 2008 |title=Cessna Caravan Perfected? |work=Flying Magazine |url=http://www.flyingmag.com/pilot-reports/turboprops/cessna-caravan-perfected |access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> In November 2025, IndiaOne Air signed a letter of intent to acquire up to ten [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]] aircraft at the 2025 [[Dubai Airshow]]. The new aircraft, which are designed for [[short takeoff and landing]] operations, will enable the airline to serve remote and hard-to-reach airfields with shorter runway lengths.<ref>{{cite press release|title=IndiaOne Air Signs Letter of Intent for up to Ten De Havilland Canada Twin Otter Series 300-G Aircraft at the Dubai Airshow|url=https://dehavilland.com/partnerships/indiaone-air-signs-letter-of-intent-for-up-to-ten-de-havilland-canada-twin-otter-series-300-g-aircraft-at-the-dubai-airshow/|work=[[de Havilland]]|date=18 November 2025|access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref>

== Incidents ==
[[File:VT-KSS (cropped).jpg|thumb|VT-KSS - the aircraft involved in the accident]]
On 10 January 2026, IndiaOne Air Flight 102, a Cessna 208 registered as VT-KSS flying from Bhubaneswar to [[Rourkela Airport|Rourkela]], crashed in an open field near [[Rourkela]]. The plane, which was carrying six people including two pilots and four passengers, declared a [[mayday]] before crashing while attempting a crash landing. All six people on board were rescued and shifted to hospital, with one later dying of their injuries. The incident is currently under investigation by the [[Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (India)|Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nine-seater aircraft crash-lands on field in Odisha; all onboard safe |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/airplane-crash-landing-rourkela-six-injured-near-rourkela-bhubaneswar-biju-patnaik-international-airport-on-saturday/article70494127.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 January 2026|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=9-seater plane crashes in Odisha; pilot, passengers suffer severe injuries|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/odisha-rourkela-indiaone-air-nine-seater-plane-crash-2849772-2026-01-10 |work=[[India Today]]|date=10 January 2026|access-date=10 January 2026}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of airlines of India]]
* [[UDAN|UDAN Regional Connectivity Scheme]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|https://www.indiaoneair.com/}}
{{Portalbar|India|Aviation|Transport|Companies}}
{{Airlines of India}}

[[Category:Airlines of India]]
[[Category:Airlines established in 2020]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2020]]

India–Pakistan sports rivalries

2026-04-18T04:06:16Z

PGPS: Created a article.

{{Short description|none}}
India and Pakistan are frequent rivals across a variety of sports, with matches between the two countries considered to be one of the most intense [[Sports rivalry|sports rivalries]] in the world, especially in [[cricket]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/3536443.stm|title= Cricket's most intense rivalry|date= 9 March 2004|publisher=BBC News|first=Oliver|last=Brett}}</ref> The [[India–Pakistan relations|tense relations between the two nations]] which emerged from bitter diplomatic relationships and conflict that originated during the [[Partition of British India]] into India and Pakistan in 1947, the [[India–Pakistan wars]], and the [[Kashmir conflict]] established the foundations for the emergence of an intense sporting rivalry between the two nations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/football/india-pakistan-football-rivalry-over-years-20251|title=India vs Pakistan: A look at the rivalry on the football field|publisher=The Bridge|date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

== Olympics ==
{{Main|Summer Olympic Games}}
[[India at the Olympics|India]] and [[Pakistan at the Olympics|Pakistan]] first participated at the [[1900 Summer Olympics|1900]] and [[1948 Summer Olympics|1948]] Olympic Games respectively.<ref name="Sumol">{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/IND/summer/1900/|title=India at the 1900 Paris Summer Games|access-date=18 August 2016|work=Sports Reference|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924140620/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/IND/summer/1900/|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/india-olympics-history-medals-athletes-performance-results-position|title=Indian Olympic history: Early hockey dominance, a medal drought, a shooting and track star|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/how-many-pakistan-olympic-medals-won|title=Pakistan's Olympic medals: Hockey team's domination is clear|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref> India has outranked Pakistan in all editions of the Olympic Games, except on seven occasions ([[1960 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|1960]], [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|1968]], [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|1972]], [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|1984]], [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|1988]], [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|1992]] and [[2024 Summer Olympics medal table#Medal table|2024]]), when Pakistan finished higher in the medal tally.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesportstak.com/olympics-news/paris-olympics-when-did-pakistan-last-outrank-india-on-the-olympic-medal-table|title=Paris Olympics: When did Pakistan last outrank India on the Olympic medal table? Take a look|access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref>

''As of [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Paris Olympic Games]]''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
![[All-time Olympic Games medal table#Complete ranked medals (excluding precursors)|Medal Ranking]]|| 58th || 78th
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''10''' || 4
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''10''' || 3
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''21''' || 4
|-
!Total || 41 || 11
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== Asian Games ==
{{Main|Asian Games}}

[[India at the Asian Games|India]] and [[Pakistan at the Asian Games|Pakistan]] first participated in the [[1951 Asian Games|1951]] and [[1954 Asian Games|1954]] Asian Games respectively.

[[India]] hosted [[1951 Asian Games|1951]] and [[1982 Asian Games|1982]] Asian Games.<ref name="la84foundation_1951 Games">{{cite web | url=http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1951/BDCE25/BDCE25j.pdf | title=The First Asian Games Championships will be held in March 1951 at New Delhi | publisher=la84foundation.org. LA84 Foundation | access-date=9 January 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207105509/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1951/BDCE25/BDCE25j.pdf | archive-date=7 December 2010 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Asiad winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.olympic.ind.in/images/AGMedalTally.pdf | title=Medal Winners – Asian Games | publisher=olympic.ind.in. Indian Olympic Association | access-date=3 February 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310101912/http://www.olympic.ind.in/images/AGMedalTally.pdf | archive-date=10 March 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-at-asian-games-history-medals|title=India at Asian Games: A storied history and why PT Usha is jewel in the crown|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nocpakistan.org/newmedaltally.php?pid=11|title=Pakistan Olympic Association; Asian Games History|access-date=15 September 2022|archive-date=25 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225163330/https://nocpakistan.org/newmedaltally.php?pid=11|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''As of [[2022 Asian Games]]''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
![[All-time Asian Games medal table#Ranked medal table|Medal Ranking]]|| 5th || 18th
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''183''' || 44
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''239''' || 64
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''357''' || 99
|-
!Total || 779 || 207
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== Commonwealth Games ==
{{Main|Commonwealth Games}}

[[File:The artistes performing, at the closing ceremony of XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi, at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, in New Delhi on October 14, 2010 (2).jpg|thumb|Closing ceremony of the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]]]

The Commonwealth Games, often referred to as the Friendly Games,<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Games|publisher=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games|url=https://gc2018.com/history-games|access-date=14 December 2021|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games|url-status=dead}}</ref> are a quadrennial international [[multi-sport event]] among athletes from the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. [[India at the Commonwealth Games|India]] and [[Pakistan at the Commonwealth Games|Pakistan]] participated their first commonwealth games in [[1934 British Empire Games|1934]] and [[1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|1954]] respectively.

[[India]] hosted the [[2010 Commonwealth Games|2010]] Commonwealth Games in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The Indian Version of 2010 Commonwealth Games Logo|url=https://www.idiom.co.in/cwg|access-date=16 January 2021|website=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/commonwealth-games/history-india-commonwealth-games-32366|title=A look at the history of India at the Commonwealth Games|date=13 June 2022 |access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-at-commonwealth-games|title=India at Commonwealth Games: Quiet beginnings to rousing podium finishes|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/983940-pakistan-at-the-commonwealth-games-a-68-year-journey|title=Pakistan at the Commonwealth Games ... a 68 year journey|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

''As of [[2022 Commonwealth Games]]''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
![[All-time Commonwealth Games medal table#Medal table|Medal Ranking]]|| 4th || 15th
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''203''' || 27
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''190''' || 27
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''171''' || 28
|-
!Total || 564 || 82
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== South Asian Games ==
{{Main|South Asian Games}}

[[India]] and [[Pakistan]] participated all the editions of South Asian Games. [[India]] hosted the multi-sport event 3 times ([[1987 South Asian Games|1987]], [[1995 South Asian Games|1995]], [[2016 South Asian Games|2016]]) and [[Pakistan]] also hosted this event 3 times ([[1989 South Asian Games|1989]], [[2004 South Asian Games|2004]], [[2025 South Asian Games|2025]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-host-south-asian-games-sag-in-guwahati-and-shillong/articleshow/50153784.cms?from=mdr|title=India to host South Asian Games (SAG) in Guwahati and Shillong}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/12th-South-Asian-Games-2016-India-expected-to-extend-its-dominance/article60256533.ece|title=South Asian Games 2016: India expected to extend its dominance}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geosuper.tv/latest/37981-pakistan-gets-nod-to-host-south-asian-games-in-february|title=Pakistan gets nod to host South Asian Games in February}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ceylontoday.lk/2024/07/21/pakistan-to-host-south-asian-games-next-year/|title=Pakistan to Host South Asian Games Next Year}}</ref>

As of [[2019 South Asian Games]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
![[South Asian Games#All-time medal table|Medal Ranking]]|| 1st || 2nd
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1263''' || 297
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''736''' || 421
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || 379 || '''432'''
|-
!Total || '''2378''' || 1150
|}

*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== Association football ==
[[File:Action between India and Pakistan, 1997 SAFF Gold Cup.jpg|thumb|[[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]] against [[India national football team|India]] at the [[1997 SAFF Gold Cup]]]]
[[Pakistan national football team|Pakistan]] and [[India national football team|India]] national football teams rivalry often attract sizeable crowds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Duerden |first=John |date=2023-06-26 |title=India v Pakistan is not a classic football rivalry. But it could be |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/26/pakistan-india-football-south-asian-cup |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-17 |title=India and Pakistan to renew football rivalry after five years, clubbed in same group in next month's SAFF Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-and-pakistan-to-renew-football-rivalry-after-five-years-clubbed-in-same-group-in-next-months-saff-cup/articleshow/100302586.cms |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Fever pitch in Bengaluru as India v Pakistan rivalry resumes, this time in football |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/37885950/saff-championship-2023-india-v-pakistan-rivalry-resumes-football-bengaluru |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> The two teams first met at the [[1952 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1952 Colombo Cup]], which ended in a goalless draw and both teams crowned champions of the tournament. India first won at the consequent [[1953 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1953 Colombo Cup]] with a 1–0 win, with [[Neville D'Souza]] scoring a goal. Pakistan men’s football team recorded its first official win over India at the [[1960 AFC Asian Cup qualification]] in 1959, with [[Abdullah Rahi]] netting the winner.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Parkar |first=Ubaid |date=24 June 2023 |title=India vs Pakistan in football: A rather one-sided rivalry in numbers |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-vs-pakistan-football-head-to-head-record |website=Olympics}}</ref> In addition, both teams have faced each other two times in unofficial exhibition matches after the finalisation of the 1953 and 1955 Colombo Cup editions, with Pakistan winning both times by 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Quadrangular Tournament (Colombo Cup) 1952-1955 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820110914/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/brindies-quad.html |archive-date=20 August 2022 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.rsssf.org}}</ref>

=== Summary of Overall Results ===
==== Men's matches ====
''As of 21 June 2023''{{efn-ua|Exclude the two unofficial exhibition matches after the finalisation of the 1953 and 1955 Colombo Cup editions, with Pakistan winning both times by 1–0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Football Elo Ratings |url=https://www.eloratings.net/India |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=www.eloratings.net |language=en}}</ref> Match at the [[Afghanistan Republic Day Festival Cup]] on 21 July 1976 is considered as full A international by some RSSSF sources.[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/ind-shabbirali-intl.html]|name=main|group=note}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:100px;"|
! style="width:100px;"| Total
! style="width:100px;"|In India
! style="width:100px;"|In Pakistan
! style="width:100px;"|Neutral Venue
|-
!Matches || 27 || 8 || 5 || 14
|-
|style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India Won''' ||'''16''' || '''6'''|| '''2'''|| '''8'''
|-
|style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan Won''' || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1
|-
|style="background-color:Grey"|'''Draws''' || 8 || 1 || 2 || 5
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 left; font-size:88%"
! width="2%" |#
! class="unsortable" style="width:4%;" |Date
! style="width:11%;" |Venue
! style="width:8%;" |Competition
! style="width:8%;" |Home team
! style="width:5%;" |Score
! style="width:5%;" |Away team
! style="width:15%;" |Goals (home)
! style="width:15%;" |Goals (away)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1
|23 March 1952
|[[Colombo Oval]], [[Colombo]], Ceylon
|[[1952 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1952 Colombo Cup]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''0–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |
| align="left" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|2
|23 October 1953
|[[Aung San Stadium]], [[Rangoon]], Burma
|[[1953 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1953 Colombo Cup]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''1–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Neville D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal|59}}
| align="left" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
| -
|3 November 1953
|[[Aung San Stadium]], [[Rangoon]], Burma
|Non-FIFA Friendly
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#003F16;" |'''1–0'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Moideen Kutty|Kutty]] {{goal}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|3
|26 December 1954
|[[Calcutta FC Ground]], [[Calcutta]], India
|[[1954 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1954 Colombo Cup]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''3–1'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Puran Bahadur Thapa|Thapa]] {{goal}} {{goal}} {{goal}}
| align="left" |[[Masood Fakhri|Fakhri]] {{goal}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|4
|24 December 1955
|[[Dacca Stadium]], [[Dhaka|Dacca]], East Pakistan
|[[1955 Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament|1955 Colombo Cup]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''1–2'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Masood Fakhri|Fakhri]] {{goal}}
| align="left" |[[P. K. Banerjee|Banerjee]] {{goal}} [[Neville D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
| -
|25 December 1955
|[[Dacca Stadium]], [[Dhaka|Dacca]], East Pakistan
|Non-FIFA Friendly
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#003F16;" |'''1–0'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |Tajul Islam Manna {{goal}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|5
|7 December 1959
|[[Maharaja's College Stadium]], [[Kochi]], India
|[[1960 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''1–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Derek D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|6
|13 December 1959
|[[Maharaja's College Stadium]], [[Kochi]], India
|[[1960 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#003F16;" |'''0–1'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |
| align="left" |[[Abdullah Rahi|Abdullah]] {{goal|13}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|7
|15 November 1967
|[[Rangoon]], Burma
|[[1968 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''1–1'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Maula Bakhsh|Bakhsh]] {{goal}}
| align="left" |Subramaniam {{goal}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|8
|21 July 1976
|[[Ghazi Stadium]], Kabul, Afghanistan
|[[Afghanistan Republic Day Festival Cup]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''1–1'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Iftikhar Gaga]] {{goal}}
| align="left" |Harjinder Singh {{goal}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|9
|17 October 1984
|[[Calcutta]], India
|[[1984 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Shabbir Ali]] {{goal|24||82}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|10
|21 November 1987
|[[Calcutta]], India
|[[Football at the 1987 South Asian Games|1987 South Asian Games]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''0–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|11
|22 December 1991
|[[Sugathadasa Stadium]], [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
|[[Football at the 1991 South Asian Games|1991 South Asian Games]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''0–0'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|12
|9 May 1992
|[[Salt Lake Stadium]], [[Kolkata]], India
|[[1992 AFC Asian Cup qualification]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[I. M. Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal|3||81}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|13
|23 July 1993
|[[Railway Stadium, Lahore|Railway Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
|[[1993 SAARC Gold Cup|1993 SAARC Gold]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''1–1'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Muhammad Nauman Khan|Nauman]] {{goal}}
| align="left" |[[I.M. Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|14
|15 December 1993
|[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|[[Football at the 1993 South Asian Games|1993 South Asian Games]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''2–2'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Muhammad Nauman Khan|Nauman]] {{goal}} {{goal}}
| align="left" |Bhupinder Thakur {{goal}} Tejinder Kumar {{goal}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|15
|11 September 1997
|[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium]], [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
|[[1997 SAFF Gold Cup]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[I.M. Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal|42||76}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|16
|26 April 1999
|[[Fatorda Stadium|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Goa]], India
|[[1999 SAFF Gold Cup]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Baichung Bhutia|Bhutia]] {{goal|24}} Syed Shabir Pasha {{goal|87}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|17
|26 September 1999
|[[Dasarath Rangasala Stadium]], [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
|[[Football at the 1999 South Asian Games|1999 South Asian Games]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''5–2'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |Jules C. Dias Alberto {{goal|8}} Syed Shabbir Pasha {{goal|12}}[[I. M. Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal|52||61||73|pen.}}
| align="left" |[[Haroon Yousaf|Yousaf]] {{goal|76}} [[Gohar Zaman|Zaman]] {{goal|90+1}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|18
|10 January 2003
|[[Bangabandhu Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|[[2003 SAFF Gold Cup]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#003F16;" |'''0–1'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |
| align="left" |[[Sarfraz Rasool|Rasool]] {{goal|50}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|19
|20 January 2003
|[[Bangabandhu Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|[[2003 SAFF Gold Cup|2003 SAFF Gold Cup Third place]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–1'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[I.M. Vijayan|Vijayan]] {{goal|56}} [[Abhishek Jadav|Jadav]] {{goal|99}}
| align="left" |[[Sarfraz Rasool|Rasool]] {{goal|66}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|20
|12 June 2005
|[[Ayub National Stadium]], [[Quetta]], Pakistan
|Friendly
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#000000; background:#C0C0CO;" |'''1–1'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Muhammad Essa|Essa]] {{goal|78}}
| align="left" |[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|65}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|21
|16 June 2005
|[[Qayyum Stadium]], [[Peshawar]], Pakistan
|Friendly
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''0–1'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |
| align="left" |MA Abdul Hakkim {{goal|67}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|22
|18 June 2005
|[[Punjab Stadium, Pakistan|Punjab Stadium]], [[Lahore]], Pakistan
|Friendly
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#003F16;" |'''3–0'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Muhammad Essa|Essa]] {{goal|2}} [[Tanveer Ahmed (footballer)|Ahmed]] {{goal|45+1}} [[Arif Mehmood|Mehmood]] {{goal|46}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|23
|5 June 2008
|[[Rasmee Dhandu Stadium]], [[Malé]], Maldives
|[[2008 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–1'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[N.P. Pradeep|Pradeep]] {{goal|25}} [[Steven Dias|Dias]] {{goal|45+1}}
| align="left" |[[Adnan Ahmed]] {{goal|88}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|24
|23 March 2011
|[[MBPJ Stadium]], [[Petaling Jaya]], Malaysia
|[[2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''1–3'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |[[Arif Mehmood|Mehmood]] {{goal|32}}
| align="left" |[[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Lalpekhlua]] {{goal|67||90+4}} [[Steven Dias|Dias]] {{goal|90}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|25
|1 September 2013
|[[Halchowk Stadium]], [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
|[[2013 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''1–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Samar Ishaq|Ishaq]] {{goal|14|o.g.}}
| align="left" |
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|26
|12 September 2018
|[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|[[2018 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''3–1'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 1995)|Singh]] {{goal|48||69}} [[Sumeet Passi|Passi]] {{goal|84}}
| align="left" |[[Hassan Bashir|Bashir]] {{goal|88}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
|27
|21 June 2023
|[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]], India
|[[2023 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''4–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|10||16|pen.|73|pen.}} [[Udanta Singh Kumam|Udanta]] {{goal|81}}
| align="left" |
|}

*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

'''Most Goals''' 
{{flagicon|IND}} '''India:''' 42 Goals 
{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan:''' 19 Goals
* The Largest victory between this two nations is favour to '''India'''.
'''India 4–0 Pakistan'''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/26/pakistan-india-football-south-asian-cup|title=India v Pakistan is not a classic football rivalry. But it could be|newspaper=The Guardian |date=26 June 2023 |access-date=27 December 2023 |last1=Duerden |first1=John }}</ref>
([[2023 SAFF Championship]], 21 June 2023)

==== Women's matches ====
''As of 7 September 2022''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:100px;"|
! style="width:100px;"| Total
! style="width:100px;"|In India
! style="width:100px;"|In Pakistan
! style="width:100px;"|Neutral Venue
|-
!Matches || 4 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
|style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India Won''' ||'''4''' || '''0'''|| '''0'''|| '''4'''
|-
|style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan Won''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
|style="background-color:Grey"|'''Draws''' || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0 left; font-size:88%"
! width="2%" |#
! class="unsortable" style="width:4%;" |Date
! style="width:11%;" |Venue
! style="width:8%;" |Competition
! style="width:8%;" |Home team
! style="width:5%;" |Score
! style="width:5%;" |Away team
! style="width:15%;" |Goals (home)
! style="width:15%;" |Goals (away)
|- style="text-align:center;"
|1
|31 January 2010
|[[National Stadium, Dhaka|National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
|[[Football at the 2010 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2010 South Asian Games]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''6–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Sasmita Malik]] {{goal|7||28}} [[Oinam Bembem Devi|Bembem Devi]] {{goal|10||11||17}} Laishram Naobi Chanu {{goal|90}}
| align="left" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
|2
|20 December 2010
|[[Cox's Bazar Stadium]], [[Cox's Bazar]], Bangladesh
|[[2010 SAFF Women's Championship|2010 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''8–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Bala Devi]] {{goal|18||31||32}}
Gayatri Mallick {{goal|26||39}}
[[Sasmita Mallik|Sasmita]] {{goal|33}}
[[Amoolya Kamal|Amoolya]] {{goal|45}}
[[Manpreet Kaur (footballer)|Manpreet]] {{goal|88}}
| align="left" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
|3
|7 September 2022
|[[Dasharath Rangasala]], [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
|[[2022 SAFF Women's Championship|2022 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|IND}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''3–0'''
|{{fb|PAK}}
| align="left" |[[Maria Khan|Maria]] {{goal|21|o.g.}} [[Grace Dangmei|Grace]] {{goal|23}} [[Soumya Guguloth|Soumya]] {{goal|90+4}}
| align="left" |
|- style="text-align:center;"
|4
|17 October 2024
|[[Dasharath Rangasala]], [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
|[[2024 SAFF Women's Championship|2024 SAFF Championship]]
|{{fb|PAK}}
| style="color:#fff; background:#0044AA;" |'''2–5'''
|{{fb|IND}}
| align="left" |Suha Hirani {{goal|45+2|pen.}}
Kayla Siddiqi {{goal|47}}
| align="left" |[[Grace Dangmei|Dangmei]] {{goal|5||42}}
[[Manisha Kalyan|Manisha]] {{goal|17}}
[[Bala Devi]] {{goal|35}}
[[Jyoti Chouhan|Chouhan]] {{goal|78}}
|-
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

'''Most Goals''' 
{{flagicon|IND}} '''India:''' 22 Goals 
{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan:''' 2 Goals
* The Largest victory between this two nations is favour to '''India'''.
'''India 8–0 Pakistan'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/india-rout-pakistan-8-0-in-saff-womens-cships-final/articleshow/7133955.cms|title=India rout Pakistan 8-0, in Women's Championship's final}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://footballpakistan.com/2010/12/india-enter-saff-women-final-with-ease-with-8-0-win-over-pakistan/|title=India enter SAFF Women final with ease with 8-0 win over Pakistan}}</ref>
([[2010 SAFF Women's Championship]], 20 December 2010)

== Athletics ==

''As of August 2024, India and Pakistan faced in several athletic events at both continent level and international level.''

=== Summer Olympics ===
{{Main|Athletics at the Summer Olympics}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || '''1''' || '''1'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''3''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || 0 || 0
|-
!Total || '''4''' || 1
|}

=== World Athletic Championships ===
{{Main|World Athletics Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''1''' || '''1'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''1''' || 0
|-
!Total || 3 || 1
|}

=== Asian Athletic Championships ===
{{Main|Asian Athletics Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''102''' || 2
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''130''' || 3
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''146''' || 3
|-
!Total || '''378''' || 8
|}

=== Asian Indoor Athletic Championships ===
{{Main|Asian Indoor Athletics Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''13''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''30''' || 1
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''21''' || 1
|-
!Total || '''64''' || 2
|}

=== Asian Marathon Championships ===
{{Main|Asian Marathon Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''3''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''3''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''7''' || 0
|}

=== Asian Cross Country Championships ===
{{Main|Asian Cross Country Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''7''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''15''' || 1
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''13''' || 1
|-
!Total || '''35''' || 2
|}

=== Asian Race Walking Championships ===
{{Main|Asian Race Walking Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''5''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''9''' || 0
|}

*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== Badminton ==

''As of 2022, Pakistan is yet to win any medal in major tournaments.''

=== World Championship matches ===
{{Main|BWF World Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''4''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''9''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''14''' || 0
|}

=== Thomas & Uber Cup ===
{{Main|Thomas Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''0''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''6''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''7''' || 0
|}

=== Asian Badminton Championships ===
{{Main|Badminton Asia Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''0''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''16''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''18''' || 0
|}

=== Asian Badminton Team Championships ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''2''' || 0
|-
!Total || 4 || 0
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

==Basketball==
===Men's===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[FIBA Asia Cup]] || 4 ||'''4'''|| 0
|-
! Total || 4 || 4 || 0
|}

== Chess ==

''As of 2023, Pakistan is yet to win any medal in major tournaments.''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chess.com/blog/zidanehamid/the-entire-history-of-pakistani-chess-i-guess-14th-august-special#:~:text=The%20hierarchy%20of%20chess%20in,held%20in%20Lahore%2C%20in%201980.&text=But%2C%20on%20the%20other%20hand%2C%201971%20arrives%2C%20boom!|title=The Entire History Of Pakistani chess, I guess}}</ref>

=== World Championship matches ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''1''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''3''' || 0
|}

=== International Chess Olympiad ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''3''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''5''' || 0
|}

=== Asian Team Championships ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''3''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''11''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''7''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''21''' || 0
|}
*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== Men's cricket ==
{{Main|India–Pakistan cricket rivalry}}

[[File:Adelaide Oval (23183793744).jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of a [[2015 Cricket World Cup]] match between India and Pakistan]]
The two sides first [[Pakistani cricket team in India in 1952–53|played in 1952]], when [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] toured [[India national cricket team|India]]. [[Test cricket|Test]] and, later, [[limited overs cricket|limited overs]] series have been played ever since, although a number of planned tours by both sides have been cancelled or aborted due to political factors. No cricket was played between the two countries between 1962 and 1977 due to two major wars in 1965 and 1971 and the [[Kargil War|1999 Kargil War]] and the [[2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks]] have also interrupted cricketing ties between the two nations.<ref name=gran14jun19>Ingle S (2019) [https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/jun/14/india-pakistan-cricket-rivalry-world-cup-old-trafford Not just cricket: India and Pakistan prepare to renew rivalry at World Cup], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 14 June 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.</ref>

=== Head to Head in ICC tournaments ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
! No result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] || 8 || '''8''' || 0 || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] || 9 || '''8'''|| 1 || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]|| 6 || 3 || 3 || 0
|-
! Total || 23 || 19 || 4 || 0
|}

=== Head to Head in ACC Tournaments ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
! No result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asia Cup]] (ODI) || 15 || '''8''' || 5 || 2{{efn-ua|name=ac87|The 1987 Asia Cup match was abandoned after nine overs due to bad light and rain. It was due to be replayed the following day but this match was abandoned without a ball being bowled due to rain.<ref name=ac87a>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/scorecard/66416/india-vs-pakistan-4th-match-pepsi-asia-cup-1997 4th Match, Pepsi Asia Cup at Colombo, Jul 20 1997], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-07-12.</ref><ref name=ac87b>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/scorecard/66416/india-vs-pakistan-4th-match-pepsi-asia-cup-1997 4th Match, Pepsi Asia Cup at Colombo, Jul 21 1997], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-07-12.</ref>}}
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asia Cup]] (Twenty20) || 6 || '''5''' || 1 || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asian Test Championship]] || 1 || 0 || '''1''' || 0
|-
! Total || 22 || 13 || 7 || 2
|}

=== Overall Summary of results ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Format
!Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won''' 
!Draw/No Result
!Notes
|-
!Test
| 59 || 9 || '''12''' || 38 ||{{efn-ua|One Test match between the two sides was cancelled following the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]] in 1984.}}
|-
!ODI
| 136 || 58 || '''73''' || 5 || {{efn-ua|In addition, four matches between the two sides have been abandoned without a ball being bowled and one match in 1984 was cancelled following the assassination of Indira Gandhi.}}
|-
!T20I
| 17 || '''14''' || 3 || 0 ||
|-
!Total || 212 || 81 || 88 || 43 ||
|}

== Women's cricket ==

===Head to Head in ICC Tournaments===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India Women won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan Women won''' 
!No Result
!Notes
|-
|Style="text-align:left"|[[Women's Cricket World Cup|Women's World Cup]] || 5 || '''5''' || 0 || 0 ||
|-
|Style="text-align:left"|[[Women's T20 World Cup|Women's T20 World Cup]] || 7 || '''5''' || 2 || 0 ||
|-
!Total || 12 || 10 || 2 || 0 ||
|}

===Head to Head in ACC Tournaments===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India Women won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan Women won''' 
!No Result
!Notes
|-
|[[Women's Asia Cup]] (ODI) || 6 || '''6''' || 0 || 0 ||
|-
|[[Women's Asia Cup]] (Twenty20) || 7 || '''6''' || 1 || 0 ||
|-
!Total || 13 || 12 || 1 || 0 ||
|}

===Overall Summary of results===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Format
!Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India Women won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan Women won''' 
!No Result
!Notes
|-
!ODI
| 12 || '''12''' || 0 || 0 ||
|-
!T20I
| 16 || '''13''' || 3 || 0 ||
|-
!Total || 28 || 25 || 3 || 0 ||
|}

== Men's field hockey ==
{{Main|India–Pakistan field hockey rivalry}}

[[File:XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi Hockey (Men`s) Saravanjit Singh of India scoring a goal against Pakistan, at Dhayan Chand National Stadium, in New Delhi on October 10 2010.jpg|thumb| [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] hockey match played between India and Pakistan in [[Delhi]]]]

The rivalry is among the most intense sports rivalries in the Asia and the world in the sport of [[field hockey]]. They participate in [[Men's Hockey World Cup|World Cup]], [[Men's FIH Pro League|FIH Pro League]], [[Summer Olympic Games]], [[Commonwealth Games]], [[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]], [[Men's Asian Champions Trophy]], [[Asian Games]], [[South Asian Games]] and [[Sultan Azlan Shah Cup]].

=== Head to Head in Tournaments ===
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/sankhya/indopak/years.htm|title=Indo-Pak Year-wise Win–loss record|access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2 | Tournament
!rowspan=2 | Matches
!colspan=3 | Results
!colspan=2 | Goals
|-
! style="background:#9cf;"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
! style="background:green;"|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan
! style="background:#ccc;"| Draw
! style="background:#9cf;"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
! style="background:green;"|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan
|-
| [[India–Pakistan field hockey test series|Test series]]
| style="text-align:center" |52
| style="text-align:center" |16
| style="text-align:center" |'''25'''
| style="text-align:center" |11
| style="text-align:center" |104
| style="text-align:center" |'''124'''
|-
| [[Field Hockey at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
| style="text-align:center" |7
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |'''4'''
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |'''8'''
|-
| [[Hockey World Cup|World Cup]]
| style="text-align:center" |5
| style="text-align:center" |'''3'''
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |'''10'''
| style="text-align:center" |7
|-
| [[Hockey Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]]
| style="text-align:center" |19
| style="text-align:center" |7
| style="text-align:center" |'''12'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |48
| style="text-align:center" |'''54'''
|-
| [[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]
| style="text-align:center" |16
| style="text-align:center" |5
| style="text-align:center" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |27
| style="text-align:center" |'''31'''
|-
| [[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]
| style="text-align:center" |9
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |18
| style="text-align:center" |'''20'''
|-
| [[Asian Hockey Champions Trophy]]
| style="text-align:center" |12
| style="text-align:center" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |'''32'''
| style="text-align:center" |22
|-
| [[Hockey at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |10
| style="text-align:center" |10
|-
| [[FIH Hockey World League]]
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |'''15'''
| style="text-align:center" |4
|-
| [[Afro-Asian Games]]
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |'''7'''
| style="text-align:center" |3
|-
|style="text-align:center" colspan=8| '''Other Matches (Continent wise)'''
|-
| [[Africa]]
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center" |2
|-
| [[Americas]]
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |5
| style="text-align:center" |'''8'''
|-
| [[Asia]]
| style="text-align:center" |34
| style="text-align:center" |14
| style="text-align:center" |14
| style="text-align:center" |6
| style="text-align:center" |65
| style="text-align:center" |'''67'''
|-
| [[Europe]]
| style="text-align:center" |10
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |'''8'''
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |16
| style="text-align:center" |'''33'''
|-
| [[Oceania]]
| style="text-align:center" |5
| style="text-align:center" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |'''12'''
| style="text-align:center" |9
|-
| style="text-align:center" |'''Total'''
| style="text-align:center" |'''181'''
| style="text-align:center" |'''67'''
| style="text-align:center" |'''82'''
| style="text-align:center" |'''32'''
| style="text-align:center" |'''379'''
| style="text-align:center" |'''403'''
|}

=== Summary of overall results ===
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/sankhya/indopak/tournaments.htm|title=Indo-Pak Tournament-wise Win–loss record|access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2 | Year
!rowspan=2 | Matches
!colspan=3 | Results
!colspan=2 | Goals
|-
! style="background:#9cf;"|{{flagicon|IND}} India won
! style="background:green;"|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan won
! style="background:#ccc;"| Draw
! style="background:#9cf;"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
! style="background:green;"|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan
|-
| style="text-align:center" |1950s
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |'''1'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
|-
| style="text-align:center" |1960s
| style="text-align:center" |6
| style="text-align:center" |2
| style="text-align:center" |'''3'''
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |'''5'''
|-
| style="text-align:center" |1970s
| style="text-align:center" |13
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |'''9'''
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |10
| style="text-align:center" |'''27'''
|-
| style="text-align:center" |1980s
| style="text-align:center" |46
| style="text-align:center" |14
| style="text-align:center" |'''22'''
| style="text-align:center" |10
| style="text-align:center" |79
| style="text-align:center" |'''111'''
|-
| style="text-align:center" |1990s
| style="text-align:center" |26
| style="text-align:center" |9
| style="text-align:center" |'''13'''
| style="text-align:center" |4
| style="text-align:center" |52
| style="text-align:center" |'''62'''
|-
| style="text-align:center" |2000s
| style="text-align:center" |47
| style="text-align:center" |14
| style="text-align:center" |'''27'''
| style="text-align:center" |6
| style="text-align:center" |108
| style="text-align:center" |'''128'''
|-
| style="text-align:center" |2010s
| style="text-align:center" |35
| style="text-align:center" |'''19'''
| style="text-align:center" |8
| style="text-align:center" |8
| style="text-align:center" |'''102'''
| style="text-align:center" |62
|-
| style="text-align:center" |2020s
| style="text-align:center" |6
| style="text-align:center" |'''5'''
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |'''22'''
| style="text-align:center" |7
|-
!style="text-align:center" |Total
!style="text-align:center" |181
!style="text-align:center" |67
!style="text-align:center" |82
!style="text-align:center" |32
!style="text-align:center" |379
!style="text-align:center" |403
|}

*The Largest victory between this two nations is favour to '''India'''.
'''India 10–2 Pakistan'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatiyahockey.org/sankhya/indopak/highsLowsStreaks.htm|title=Indo-Pak Hockey Highs and Lows and Streaks|access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
([[2022 Asian Games|Asian Games]], 30 Sep 2023)

===Hockey5s===
{| class="wikitable
!rowspan=2 | Year
!rowspan=2 | Matches
!colspan=3 | Results
!colspan=2 | Goals
|-
! style="background:#9cf;"|{{flagicon|IND}} India won
! style="background:green;"|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan won
! style="background:#ccc;"| Draw
! style="background:#9cf;"|{{flagicon|IND}} India
! style="background:green;"|{{flagicon|PAK}} Pakistan
|-
| style="text-align:center" |2020s
| style="text-align:center" |3
| style="text-align:center" |0
| style="text-align:center" |1
| style="text-align:center" |'''2'''
| style="text-align:center" |10
| style="text-align:center" |'''11'''
|-
!style="text-align:center" |Total
!style="text-align:center" |3
!style="text-align:center" |0
!style="text-align:center" |1
!style="text-align:center" |2
!style="text-align:center" |10
!style="text-align:center" |11
|}

==Women's field hockey==
[[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women hockey]] are much ahead when it comes to winning major tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/hall-of-fame/medal-tally|title=Medal Tally–Hockey India|access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref> [[Pakistan women's national field hockey team|Pakistani women's team]] has been weaker competitively and is yet to win a medal in major tournament.

===Indian Women===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center"
|-
!scope="col" | Tournament
!scope="col" style="background-color:gold; width:4em;" | Gold
!scope="col" style="background-color:silver; width:4em;" | Silver
!scope="col" style="background-color:#cc9966; width:4em;" | Bronze
!scope="col" style="width:4em;" | Total
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Women's FIH Pro League|Pro League]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|Nations Cup]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Field hockey at the Asian Games#Women|Asian Games]] || 1 || 2 || 3 ||6
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Hockey at the Commonwealth Games#Women|Commonwealth Games]] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] || 2 || 2 || 3 || 7
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]] || 1 || 2 || 1 || 4
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Women's Hockey Champions Challenge I|Champions Challenge]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Field Hockey at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games#Women.27s tournament|Afro-Asian Games]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[2018-19 Women's FIH Series Finals|Hockey Series]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"| [[Field hockey at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
!style="text-align:left"| Total || 9 || 7 || 10 || 26
|}

===Pakistan Women===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center"

|-
!scope="col" | Tournament
!scope="col" style="background-color:gold; width:4em;" | Gold
!scope="col" style="background-color:silver; width:4em;" | Silver
!scope="col" style="background-color:#cc9966; width:4em;" | Bronze
!scope="col" style="width:4em;" | Total
|-
!style="text-align:left"| Total || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|}

==Handball==
===Men's===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Handball at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Handball at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] || 3 || 1 ||'''2'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|South Asian Handball Championship<ref>{{cite news |title=India outpace Pakistan to emerge South Asian handball champions |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/india-outpace-pakistan-to-emerge-south-asian-handball-champions-114032601123_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=2014-03-26 |access-date=2025-12-27 |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |location=Noida}}</ref> || 3 ||'''3'''|| 0
|-
! Total || 7 || 5 || 2
|}

===Women's===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Handball at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] || 2 ||'''2'''||0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|South Asian Handball Championship || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|IHF Trophy South Central Asia<ref>{{cite web |last=Todorovic |first=Todor |title=Women Handball 2nd IHF Trophy South and Central Asia (Zone II) 2012 Dhaka (BAN) |url=http://www.todor66.com/handball/Asia/Women_Trophy_Zone_II_2012.html |website=Todor66.com |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
! Total || 4 || 4 || 0
|}

== Kabbadi ==

{{Main|Kabbadi}}

It is popular in the [[Indian subcontinent]] and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts of kabaddi appear in the histories of [[History of India|ancient India]], the game was popularised as a [[Competition|competitive sport]] in the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiankabaddi.org/history-of-kabaddi.html|title=History Of Kabaddi}}</ref>

'''Men's'''
{| class="wikitable" " style="text-align:center"
!Tournament
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India''' 
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan''' 
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kabaddi World Cup (International Kabaddi Federation)|Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)]] || '''3''' || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style)]] || '''6''' || 1
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kabaddi at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] || '''8'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asian Kabaddi Championship]] || '''8'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asia Kabaddi Cup (Circle style)]] || 1 || '''2'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kabaddi at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]
|| '''10'''|| 1
|-
!Total || 36 || 4
|}

'''Women's'''
{| class="wikitable" " style="text-align:center"
!Tournament
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India''' 
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan''' 
|-
|style="text-align:left"|Women Kabaddi World Cup || '''4''' || 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asian Kabaddi Championship]] || '''4'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kabaddi at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] || '''3'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kabaddi at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]
|| '''4'''|| 0
|-
!Total || 15 || 0
|}

==Rugby==
===Men's===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
| style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India goals'''
| style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan goals'''
|-
|| 7 ||'''7'''|| 0 ||'''322'''|| 33
|-
|}

Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=India vs Pakistan - 2004 Asian Championship |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/matcharchive/2133 |website=The Rugby Archive |access-date=2025-12-28}}</ref>

== Squash ==

{{Main|Squash (sport)}}

=== World Squash Championships ===

{{Main|World Squash Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''14'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || '''9'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || '''-'''
|-
!Total || 0 || 23
|}

=== British Open Squash Championships ===

{{Main|British Open Squash Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''30'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || '''25'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || -
|-
!Total || 0 || '''55'''
|}

=== WSF World Team Squash Championships ===

{{Main|WSF World Team Squash Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''6'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || '''4'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || 0 || '''1'''
|-
!Total || 0 || '''11'''
|}

=== PSA Squash Tour Finals ===

{{Main|PSA Squash Tour Finals}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''4'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || -
|-
!Total || 0 || '''4'''
|}

=== Tournament of Champions (squash) ===

{{Main|Tournament of Champions (squash)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''22'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || '''8'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || -
|-
!Total || 0 || '''30'''
|}

=== United States Open ===

{{Main|United States Open (squash)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''29'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || '''19'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || -
|-
!Total || 0 || '''48'''
|}

=== Hong Kong Open ===

{{Main|Hong Kong Open (squash)}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || 0 || '''8'''
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 0 || '''1'''
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || -
|-
!Total || 0 || '''9'''
|}

=== Windy City Open ===

{{Main|Windy City Open}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || '''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 1 || 1
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || - || -
|-
!Total || '''3''' || 1
|}

=== Squash at the Commonwealth Games ===

{{Main|Squash at the Commonwealth Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || '''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''2''' || 0
|-
!Total || '''5''' || 0
|}

=== Squash at the Asian Games ===

{{Main|Squash at the Asian Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' || '''3''' || 2
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || 4 || 4
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''11''' || 3
|-
!Total || '''18''' || 9
|}

==Tennis==
===Davis Cup===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Year
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|1960s || 3 ||'''3'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|1970s || 3 ||'''3'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|2000s || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|2010s || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|2020s || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
! Total || 9 || 9 || 0
|}

===Billie Jean King Cup===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Year
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|1990s || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|2010s || 2 ||'''2'''|| 0
|-
! Total || 3 || 3 || 0
|}

== Volleyball ==
===Men's===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Tournament
! Matches played
| style="width:100px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India won'''
| style="width:100px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan won'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Volleyball at the Asian Games|Asian Games]] || 5 ||'''3'''|| 2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Asian Men's Volleyball Championship|Asian Championship]] || 8 ||'''6'''|| 2
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[CAVA Men's Volleyball Nations League|CAVA Nations League]] || 1 ||'''1'''|| 0
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[South Asian Games]]<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=2010-02-04 |title=India beat Pakistan 3-1 to win volleyball gold in SAG |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/902021 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |location=Dhaka |access-date=2025-12-27 |agency=APP}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Thani |first=Lokesh |date=2010-02-27 |title=A show beyond our means |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/a-show-beyond-our-means/article29647353.ece |magazine=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian men, women win volleyball gold |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/apr/03saf-volley.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=2004-04-03 |access-date=2025-12-27 |agency=PTI}}</ref> || 9 ||'''8'''|| 1
|-
! Total || 23 || 18 || 5
|}

== Wrestling ==

{{Main|Wrestling}}

India and Pakistan are big wrestling nations and they played against each other in several International tournaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-wrestling-history-legacy-olympics-medals-world-championships|title=History of wrestling in India: From an entertainment sport to Olympic glory}}</ref>

''As of [[2024 Olympics]]''
=== Summer Olympics ===
{{Main|Wrestling at the Summer Olympics}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''0''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''2''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''6''' || 1
|-
!Total || '''8''' || 1
|}

=== World Wrestling Championships ===
{{Main|World Wrestling Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''1''' || 0
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''5''' || 0
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''16''' || 2
|-
!Total || '''22''' || 2
|}

''As of [[2022 Asian Games]]''

=== Asian Games ===
{{Main|Wrestling at the Asian Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''11''' || 6
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''15''' || 14
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''39''' || 14
|-
!Total || '''65''' || 34
|}

''As of [[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships]]''

=== Asian Wrestling Championships ===
{{Main|Asian Wrestling Championships}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''25''' || 1
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''78''' || 9
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''132''' || 8
|-
!Total || '''235''' || 18
|}

''As of [[2022 Commonwealth Games]]''

=== Commonwealth Games ===
{{Main|Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="width:150px;"|
| style="width:150px;" style="background-color:#0044AA"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''India'''
| style="width:150px;"style="background-color:green"|{{flagicon|PAK}} '''Pakistan'''
|-
|style="background:gold"|'''Gold''' ||'''49''' || 21
|-
|style="background:silver"|'''Silver''' || '''39''' || 14
|-
|style="background:#cc9966"|'''Bronze''' || '''26''' || 11
|-
!Total || '''114''' || 46
|}

*'''Bold''' indicates most wins

== See also ==
*[[List of sports rivalries]]
*[[India–Pakistan relations]]
*[[Sport in India]]
*[[Sport in Pakistan]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{reflist|group=upper-alpha}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{India-Pakistan relations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Pakistan sports rivalries}}
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan sports rivalries]]
[[Category:Sport in India]]

Kolayat Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:21:27Z

PGPS: Created a post.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Rajasthan legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kolayat
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-15-Kolayat.svg
| mla = [[Anshuman Singh Bhati]]
| party =[[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| established = 1962
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Bikaner district]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 15
}}

'''Kolayat Assembly constituency''' is one of [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha|constituencies]] of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Bikaner Lok Sabha constituency]].

Kolayat constituency covers all voters from [[Kolayat|Kolayat tehsil]] and parts of [[Bikaner|Bikaner tehsil]], which include [[Deshnoke|ILRC Deshnoke]] including Deshnoke Municipal Board.<ref name="election2008">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 2008]</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!!Name!!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name="election1962">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Rajasthan_1962.pdf 1962 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>|| Manik Chand Surana || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="election1967">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Rajasthan%201967.pdf 1967 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>|| rowspan=2 |Kathuria Kanta || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name="election1972">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_RJ_72.pdf 1972 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name="election1977">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Rajasthan.pdf 1977 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> || Ram Krishan Dass Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name="election1980">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Rajasthan.pdf 1980 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>||rowspan=7| [[Devi Singh Bhati]]
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref name="election1985">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%201985%20Rajasthan.pdf 1985 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<ref name="election1990">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_RJ_90.pdf 1990 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_RJ_93.pdf 1993 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name="election1998">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-RAJ98.pdf 1998 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name="election2003">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_RAJ_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref> ||{{Full party name with color|Rajasthan Samajik Nyaya Manch}}
|-
| [[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008-1">[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/Stats_report_RJ2008.pdf 2008 Rajasthan Assembly results]</ref>||{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]|| rowspan=2 | [[Bhanwar Singh Bhati]] ||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Anshuman Singh Bhati]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Kolayat<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan General Legislative Election 2023|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/rajasthan-legislative-election-2023-including-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Anshuman Singh Bhati
|votes = {{formatnum:101093}}
|percentage = 50.04
|change = +6.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhanwar Singh Bhati
|votes = {{formatnum:68160}}
|percentage = 33.74
|change = -16.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Revat Ram Panwar
|votes = {{formatnum:27854}}
|percentage = 13.79
|change = +12.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1856}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change = -0.94
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:32933}}
|percentage = 16.3
|change = +10.15
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:202018}}
|percentage = 78.86
|change = +0.03
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Kolayat<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Bhanwar Singh Bhati]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:89505}}
|percentage = 49.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Poonam Kanwar Bhati
|votes = {{formatnum:78489}}
|percentage = 43.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Dr. Suresh Kumar Bishnoi
|votes = {{formatnum:2915}}
|percentage = 1.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Hanutaram Meghwal
|votes = {{formatnum:1977}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3332}}
|percentage = 1.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11016}}
|percentage = 6.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:179053}}
|percentage = 78.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|27.84|72.96|display=title}}

[[Category:Bikaner district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Panvel Municipal Corporation

2026-04-09T12:24:01Z

PGPS:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Panvel, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Panvel Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| logo = Panvel Municipal Corporation.png
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| body =
| established = {{start date and age|October 2016}}
| preceded_by = Panvel Municipal Council
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader1 = Nitin Patil
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| leader2_type = Municipal Commissioner
| leader2 = Shri. Mangesh Sharmila Pandurang Chitale
| leader3_type = Deputy Mayor
| leader3 = Pramila Patil
| party2 =
| leader4_type = Opposition Leader
| leader4 = Vacant
| party3 =
| party4 =
| members = 78
| structure1 =
| structure1_res = 250px
| political_groups1 = '''Government (55)'''
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (55)
''' Opposition (23)'''
:*{{Party legend|Peasants and Workers Party of India|9}}
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena (UBT)|5}}
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|4}}
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]] (2)
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|2}}
:* {{Party legend|Independent|1|shortname=IND}}
| last_election1 = [[2025–26 Maharashtra local election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |publisher=India TV News |date=15 December 2025}} </ref>
| next_election1 = 2031
| website = http://www.panvelcorporation.com
}}

'''Municipal Corporation of The City of Panvel''' is the governing body of the city of [[Panvel]] and 29 revenue villages including [[Taloje Panchnand|Taloje Pachnand]], [[Kharghar]], [[Kamothe]] in [[Raigad district]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Hindu | first=The | title=Panvel is now a municipal corporation | website=The Hindu | date=2016-09-28 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/Panvel-is-now-a-municipal-corporation/article15003904.ece | access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/panvel-becomes-first-municipal-corporation-in-raigad-district/story-geylIiqSQ3KioMhyO70GYO.html|title=Panvel becomes first municipal corporation in Raigad district|date=1 October 2016|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/state-nod-to-panvel-city-municipal-corporation/articleshow/54550672.cms|title=State nod to Panvel City Municipal Corporation | Navi Mumbai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=28 September 2016 }}</ref>
Panvel Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]]. Panvel Municipal Corporation has been formed with [[Municipal corporation (India)#Functions|functions]] to improve the infrastructure of town.

In 2016 Maharashtra State cabinet decided to elevate Panvel Municipal Council to Municipal Corporation under [[Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=पनवेल महानगरपालिका |url=https://www.panvelcorporation.com/History |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=www.panvelcorporation.com}}</ref>

The mismanagement of the Panvel Municipal Corporation has led to illegal encroachments in many municipal areas, such as New Township Navde near NH4, Kharghar near D-Mart, and the area near Panvel bus depot.

The Municipal Corporation does not have its own transportation system and is entirely dependent on Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT). The internal roads in nodal areas, such as Kopar, Navde, and Taloja, are currently in poor condition.

The city is lagging behind due to poor infrastructure, including an inadequate transportation system, deteriorating roads, sewage problems, and water supply issues. Despite these challenges, the authorities are allocating a massive sum of ₹280 crore for the construction of the municipal corporation building and ₹17 crore for the Mayor’s residence.

Following the formation of Panvel Municipal Corporation, [[City and Industrial Development Corporation|CIDCO]] ceased to function as New Town Development Authority for the area in villages [[Kalundre]], Devichapada, Kamothe, Chal, Tondhare, Kalmboli, Khidukpada, Pale Khurd, Asudgaon (pt), Tembhode (pt), Walvali (pt), Padghe (pt) and Roadpali (pt), and Panvel Municipal Corporation became the planning authority for the same. However CIDCO continues to be the New Town Development Authority for Kharghar, Taloje Pachnand, Owe, Navde and Pendhar.

==List of Mayor==
{| class="wikitable"
|-style="text-align:center"
|+
!#
!Name
!colspan="3"|Term
!Election
!colspan="2" |Party
|-style="text-align:center"
|1
|Kavitha Chautmal
|10 July 2017
|8 July 2022
|{{ayd|10 July 2017|8 July 2022}}
|2017
|rowspan="2|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-style="text-align:center"
|2
|Nitin Patil
|6 February 2026
|''Incumbent''
|{{ayd|06 February 2026}}
|2026
|}

==List of Deputy Mayor==

{{Empty section|date=March 2024}}

==List of Chairman, Standing Committee==

{{Empty section|date=March 2024}}

== History ==
Panvel Municipal Council was formed on August 25, 1852 as the first municipal council in the country. The First President of Panvel Municipality is Mr.Yusuf Noor Muhammad Master, The initial notification for converting Panvel Municipal Council to Municipal Corporation came in the year 1991 but was never finalised. After rapid urbanisation post-2000, Panvel Municipal Council was eventually upgraded to Municipal Corporation in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पनवेल महानगरपालिका |url=https://www.panvelcorporation.com/History |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=www.panvelcorporation.com}}</ref>

Panvel Municipal Corporation is the first Municipal Corporation in Raigad district, 9th in the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]] and 27th in the state of [[Maharashtra]]. The Municipal Corporation includes 29 revenue villages of Panvel taluka including [[CIDCO|CIDCO colonies]] of [[Taloja]], [[Kharghar]], [[Kalamboli]], [[Kamothe]], [[New Panvel]] covering area of 110 km2.

The Government of Maharashtra through its Urban Development Department's notification dated 14 October 2016 has added 11 more villages (namely: Bid, Adivali, Rohinjan, Dhansar, Pisarve, Turbhe, Karvale Budruk, Nagzeri, Taloje Majkur, Ghot and Koynavele) of Panvel Taluka to the Panvel Municipal Corporation. Earlier these 11 villages were part of MMRDA's sanctioned development plan of "AKBSNA"(Ambernath Kulgaon Badlapur Surrounding Notified Area).

== Revenue sources ==

The total budget for the year 2024-25 was 3991.9 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=author/amit-srivastava |date=2024-02-24 |title=PMC Sets Budget of Rs 3991.9 Crore With Special Focus on Women Empowerment - www.lokmattimes.com |url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/maharashtra/pmc-sets-budget-of-rs-39919-crore-with-special-focus-on-women-empowerment-a510/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Lokmat Times |language=en}}</ref> The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Pa11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Pa12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Pa13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

== Corporation election ==

=== Political performance in election 2026 ===

Panvel Municipal Corporation elections were conducted on 15 January 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/panvel-election-results-2026-bjp-wins-with-single-handed-mandate-rivals-trail-in-final-count/articleshow/126564432.cms |title=Panvel election results 2026: BJP wins with single-handed mandate; rivals trail in final count |website=Times of india |access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+2026 results
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |'''Parties'''
!'''Number of Corporators'''
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]]
| style="text-align:center"|55
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color||Peasants and Workers Party of India}}" |
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
| style="text-align:center"|9
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)| Shiv Sena (SHS)]]
| style="text-align:center"|2
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar (NCP-SP)]]
| style="text-align:center"|0
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]
| style="text-align:center"|4
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena (UBT)]]
| style="text-align:center"|5
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (post–2023)}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)]]
| style="text-align:center"|2
|-
| style="background:gray;"|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
| style="text-align:center"|1
|}

=== Political performance in election 2017 ===
Panvel Municipal Corporation elections were conducted on 24 May 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.mahasec.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529095752/http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+2017 results
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |'''Parties'''
! '''Number of Corporators'''
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bhartiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP+RPI)]]
| style="text-align:center"|51
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}" |
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India|Peasants and Workers Party of India (PWP)]]
| style="text-align:center"|23
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]
| style="text-align:center"|2
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)]]
| style="text-align:center"|2
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
|[[Shiv Sena|Shiv Sena (SS)]]
| style="text-align:center"|0
|-
| style="background:gray;"|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
| style="text-align:center"|0
|}

== Administration ==

The Municipal Corporation is headed by Shri. Mangesh Sharmila Pandurang Chitale, who holds the post of Municipal Commissioner-cum-Administrator in the absence of an elected legislature.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पनवेल महानगरपालिका |url=https://www.panvelcorporation.com/Administrative_Body |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=www.panvelcorporation.com}}</ref> The municipal commissioner is supported by additional officers. No elections have been conducted after the term of previous corporators came to and end on July 9, 2022 and due to COVID induced lockdowns elections were delayed. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-10 |title=Navi Mumbai: PCMC clears proposals as tenure comes to an end |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/pcmc-clears-proposals-as-tenure-comes-to-an-end/articleshow/92777662.cms |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+City Representatives
|'''[[Mayor]]'''
| Nitin Patil
|-
|'''Deputy Mayor'''
| Pramila Patil
|-
|'''Municipal Commissioner & Administrator'''
| Shri. Mangesh Sharmila Pandurang Chitale
|-
|'''Leader of the House'''
| Nitin Patil
|-
|'''Leader of Opposition'''
| Vacant
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Administrative Officers
|Commissioner And Administrator
|Shri. Mangesh Sharmila Pandurang Chitale
|-
|Additional Commissioner-I
|Dr. Shri. Prashant Dattatray Rasal
|-
|Additional Commissioner-II
|Shri. Bharat Prabhakar Rathod
|-
|Deputy Transport Manager
|Shri. Abhishek Ravikiran Paradkar
|-
|Deputy Commissioner (Headquarters)
|Shri. Kailas Balu Gavade
|-
|Deputy Commissioner
|Dr. Vaibhav Kailas Vidhate
|-
|Deputy Commissioner
|Shri. Maruti Gaikwad
|-
|Deputy Commissioner
|Shri. Babasaheb Rajale
|-
|Deputy Commissioner
|Shri. Santosh Chandrabhaga Suresh Varule
|-
|Chief Accounts and Finance Officer
|Shri. Mangesh Namdev Gavade
|-
|Chief Auditor
|Shri. Nilesh Murlidhar Nalawade
|-
|City Engineer
|Shri. Sanjay Katekar
|-
|Assistant Director Town Planning
|Smt. Jyoti Surendra Kavade
|-
|Medical Health Officer
|Dr. Anand Dadasaheb Gosavi
|-
|Auditor
|Shri. Sandeep Vidyadhar Khurpe
|-
|Accounts Officer
|Shri. Sangram Tulashidas Vhorakate
|-
|Assistant Commissioner
|Shri. Swaroop Manik Kharage
|-
|Deputy Engineer (Water Supply)
|Shri. Vilas Rajaram Chavan
|-
|Chief Fire Officer (Additional Charge)
|Shri. Parvin Balu Bodakhe
|-
|Town Planner
|Shri. Keshav Jagannath Shinde
|-
|Planning Assistant
|Shri. Vitthal Baburao Dhaygude
|-
|Assistant Town Planner
|Shri. Ranjit Netaji Kore
|-
|Education Officer
|Shri. Ramesh Chavhan
|-
|Planning Assistant
|Shri. Aniket Arun Durgavale
|-
|Assistant Law Officer
|Shri Sagar Rahul Ahiwale
|-
|Junior Security Officer
|Shri. Siddhesh Kailas Tawari
|}

===List of Commissioner's===

1. Ganesh Deshmukh

== See also ==
* [[Panvel]]
* [[Navi Mumbai]]
* [[Raigad district]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Panvel]]

Karambir Singh Ghuman

2026-04-07T21:41:07Z

PGPS: Created a bio.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Dasuya Assembly constituency|Dasuya]]
| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
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| birth_place =
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| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
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| blank1 =
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}}
'''Karambir Singh Ghuman''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Dasuya Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="Tribune News Service 10 March 2022">{{cite news |title=AAP wins 5 seats, Cong & BJP 1 each in Hoshiarpur |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/aap-wins-5-seats-cong-bjp-1-each-in-hoshiarpur-376897 |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dasuha Assembly Seat Result live: दसूहा सीट पर आम आदमी पार्टी के करमवीर सिंह घुम्मन जीते |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/punjab/dasuha-assembly-seat-result-live-update-win-loss-arun-dogra-karamveer-singh-ghuman-sushil-kumar-sharma-raghunath-rana-4040928.html |access-date=12 March 2022 |work=News18 हिंदी |date=10 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==MLA==
He was elected in 2022. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Subordinate Legislation|Committee on Subordinate Legislation]]<ref name="Committee on Subordinate Legislation">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=46&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly House Committee|House Committee]]<ref name="House Committee">{{cite web |title=Vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=45&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Dasuya Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Dasuya Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6InJCRmxvS0R0b0MySU9DMWJrdVJldHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkdUSk5ZMER0OHZjdDMybFg4Unhxdz09IiwibWFjIjoiZDI3ZTEyNThlMmI2MjU4OTQyYmUwZmE0YTFkNWRiNTRmNDQ1M2FiMzYyNDM1YWRkOWM4OTE4YTNhY2UyNGMwYyJ9/MjM=/MTM=/Mw==/QUM= Affidavit in ECI]
* [https://myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=374 Myneta Info]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Dasuya
| before= -
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghuman, Karambir Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Miya George

2026-04-05T21:28:23Z

PGPS: Stub.

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Miya George
| image = GINI Actress Model.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Miya during a wedding photoshoot
| birthname = Gimi George
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|model}}
| years_active = 2010–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Ashwin Philip|2020}}<ref name="mathrubhumi.com">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/miya-george-ashwin-philip-got-married-wedding-photos-videos-1.5047482 |title=സിനിമ വിടില്ല, സ്നേഹവും പിന്തുണയും വേണം; മിയ പറയുന്നു |date=12 September 2020}}</ref>
| children = 1
| parents =
| alma mater = [[St. Thomas College, Palai]]}}

'''Gimi George''', better known by her stage name '''Miya George''', is an Indian actress and model who predominantly works in [[Malayalam]] films, along with a few [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films.
She made her film debut by playing short roles in films such as ''[[Oru Small Family]]'' (2010), ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' (2011) and ''[[Ee Adutha Kaalathu]]'' (2012). She was selected the Kerala Miss Fitness in 2012 and played her first lead role the same year in the Malayalam film ''[[Chettayees]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalam.com/women/interview/79468 |title=With Love Miya |work=[[Mangalam Publications]] |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref>

== Early life ==

Miya George was born in a [[Syro-Malabar Catholic]] family in [[Mumbai]], where her father was working as an engineer. At the age of four, she moved to [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]] in [[Kottayam]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.DLL/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=13288075&programId=7940908&channelId=-1073751306&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=5 |title=Manorama Online – Home |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> She was educated at Sacred Heart Girls High School, Bharananganam, and St. Mary's Higher Secondary School, Bharananganam.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Solutions |first1=Siona |title=indiachristians.in |url=https://indiachristians.in/miya-george?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=indiachristians.in |language=en}}</ref> She then did her B.A. at Alphonsa College and M.A. in English Literature at [[St. Thomas College, Palai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/110/26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025005049/http://www.mangalamvarika.com/index.php/en/home/index/110/26 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=25 October 2013 |title=Mangalam – Varika 21-Oct-2013 |date=21 October 2013 |work=[[Mangalam Weekly]] |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/I-was-on-cloud-nine-when-Nayanthara-complimented-me-Mia-George/articleshow/41004075.cms |title=I was on cloud nine when Nayanthara complimented me: Mia George |last=Pillai |first=Radhika C |date=28 August 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> She has an elder sister.

==Personal life==

On 12 September 2020, she married businessman Ashwin Philip at the St. Mary's Basilica Church in Ernakulam, in a simple ceremony due to [[COVID-19]] restrictions.<ref name="mathrubhumi.com" /> They had a son born in July 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/miya-george-and-husband-ashwin-philip-blessed-with-baby-boy-luca-see-first-pic-1824864-2021-07-07 |title=Miya and Ashwin blessed with a boy baby}}</ref>  Her father, George Joseph, died two months later on 21 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=നടി മിയ ജോര്‍ജ്ജിന്റെ പിതാവ് അന്തരിച്ചു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actress-miya-george-father-george-joseph-passed-away-1.6022017 |access-date=21 September 2021 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=21 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
George started her career by playing supporting roles in the television serials ''Alphonsamma''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/07/24/boban-samuel-miya-george-debut-throwback-post.html |title=Boban Samuel's touching reply to Miya George's debut recall goes viral}}</ref> and ''Kunjali Marakkar''.<ref name="Vanitha">{{cite journal |title=ജിമിയല്ല ഇനി മിയ |journal=[[Vanitha]] |date=15–31 December 2012 |pages=112, 113 |language=ml}}</ref> She wain the films ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' and ''[[Ee Adutha Kaalathu]]''.<ref name=Vanitha /> She rose to fame when she was chosen the Kerala Miss Fitness 2012 in a beauty pageant.<ref name=DC>{{cite news |title=Mia opposite Manoj in ''6B''... |last=Karthikeyan |first=Shruti |date=17 December 2012 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |location=Kozhikode |page=25 (Kozhikode Chronicle)}}</ref> She made her debut as a heroine through the film ''[[Ettekaal Second]]'' but the project got a commercial release in the year 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Underwater-song-in-Ettekaal-Second-imagegallery-malayalam-me1lSMagjhi.html?html=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510074148/http://www.sify.com/movies/Underwater-song-in-Ettekaal-Second-imagegallery-malayalam-me1lSMagjhi.html?html=5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 May 2012 |title=Underwater song in Ettekaal Second |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref> Actress [[Urmila Unni]] who played Miya's mother in this film suggested her to director [[Shajoon Kariyal]] who cast her to play the lead role in his 2012 [[comedy film]] ''[[Chettayees]]''.<ref name=Vanitha /> She played the wife of the character played by [[Biju Menon]] which won her critical acclaim. Miya was then seen in the [[Mohanlal]]-starrer ''[[Red Wine (2013 film)|Red Wine]]'' in which she played the lead opposite [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]].<ref name=DC /> She played the role of an investigative journalist in [[Jeethu Joseph]]'s ''[[Memories (2013 film)|Memories]]'' which turned out to be a major hit of the year 2013.<ref>Deepa Gauri (26 December 2013). [http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=/data/citytimes/2013/December/citytimes_December198.xml&section=citytimes ''The best of Malayalam cinema in 2013''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102124957/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/inside.asp?xfile=%2Fdata%2Fcitytimes%2F2013%2FDecember%2Fcitytimes_December198.xml&section=citytimes |date=2 January 2014 }}. [[Khaleej Times]]. Retrieved 28 January 2015.</ref> The same year she appeared as a Christian nun thrown out of the church in''[[Vishudhan]]''. In 2014, she appeared in veteran director [[Joshiy]]'s ''[[Salaam Kashmier]]'' in which she played the lead role alongside [[Jayaram]] and [[Suresh Gopi]] and [[B. Unnikrishnan]]'s ''[[Mr. Fraud]]'' in which she paired with [[Mohanlal]]. She also appeared in [[Lal Jr.]]'s psychological thriller ''[[Hi I'm Tony]]'' in which she paired opposite Asif Ali for the second time, George Varghese's ''6B Paradise'',<ref name=DC /> and K. N. Sasidharan's ''Nayana'' which had her playing the mother of a young girl.<ref>{{cite news |last=Zachariah |first=Ammu |date=19 August 2012 |title=Gimi is excited to work with Anupam Kher |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Gimi-is-excited-to-work-with-Anupam-Kher/articleshow/15545089.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404191854/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-19/news-and-interviews/33262362_1_anupam-kher-veteran-actor-young-girl |url-status=live |archive-date=4 April 2013 |access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref> She made her debut in Tamil with Jeeva Shankar's ''Amara Kaaviyam'' in which she played a character called Karthika.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Mia-heads-to-Kollywood/articleshow/24843644.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Mia heads to Kollywood}}</ref> In 2015 she had done ''[[32aam Adhyayam 23aam Vaakyam]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=A thriller Outing |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-Thriller-Outing/2015/06/16/article2868157.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616230502/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/A-Thriller-Outing/2015/06/16/article2868157.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2015 |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
* ''All films are in Malayalam, unless otherwise noted''
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Oru Small Family]]'' || Manikutty || rowspan=5|Credited as Gimi George
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' || Ebin's friend
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2012 || ''[[Ee Adutha Kaalathu]]'' || Shyleja
|-
| ''[[Navagatharkku Swagatham]]'' || Elsa
|-
| ''[[Thiruvambadi Thampan]]'' || Film actress
|-
| ''[[Chettayees]]'' || Merlin ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2013 || ''[[Red Wine (2013 film)|Red Wine]]'' || Deepthi ||
|-
| ''[[Memories (2013 film)|Memories]]'' || Varsha Varghese ||
|-
| ''[[Vishudhan]]'' || Sophie ||
|-
|rowspan="7"| 2014 || ''[[Salaam Kashmier]]'' || Suja/Leena ||
|-
| ''[[Ettekaal Second]]'' || Neethu ||
|-
| ''[[Mr. Fraud]]'' || Saraswathi ||
|-
| ''[[Hi I'm Tony]]'' || Tina ||
|-
| ''[[Amara Kaaviyam]]'' || Karthika || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|-
| ''[[Nayana (film)|Nayana]]'' || Swetha ||
|-
| ''[[Cousins (2014 film)|Cousins]]'' ||Ann ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2015 || ''[[32aam Adhyayam 23aam Vaakyam]]'' || Ann/Lucia ||
|-
|''[[Indru Netru Naalai]]'' || Anu || Tamil film
|-
| ''[[Anarkali (2015 film)|Anarkali]]'' || Dr. Sherin George ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2016 ||''[[Hello Namasthe]]''||Anna||
|-
| ''[[Valleem Thetti Pulleem Thetti]]''|| Sreekala ||
|-
| ''[[Pavada (film)|Pavada]]'' ||Sinimol ||
|-
|''[[Vetrivel]]'' || Janani|| Tamil film
|-
| ''[[Oru Naal Koothu]]'' ||Lakshmi || Tamil film
|-
| rowspan =6|2017 || ''[[The Great Father]]''|| Dr. Susan ||
|-
| ''[[Rum (film)|Rum]]'' || Thulasi || Tamil film
|-
| ''[[Yaman (film)|Yaman]]'' || Anjana/Agalya ||Tamil film
|-
| ''[[List of Malayalam films of 2017|Bobby]]'' || Mariya ||
|-
|''[[Sherlock Toms]]'' || Shiney Mattummel ||
|-
|''[[Ungarala Rambabu]]'' ||Savithri || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
|-
| rowspan =3|2018
| ''[[Ira (2018 film)|Ira]]'' || Karthika/Vaiga Devi ||
|-
| ''[[Parole (2018 film)|Parole]]'' || Kathrina||
|-
| ''[[Ente Mezhuthiri Athazhangal]]''
|Anjali
| <ref>{{cite news |first=Sanjith |last=Sidhardhan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anoop-menon-miya-to-star-in-a-triangular-love-story/articleshow/62671183.cms |title=Anoop Menon, Miya to star in a triangular love story |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 January 2018 |access-date=20 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
|Rowspan=3|2019||''[[Pattabhiraman (film)|Pattabhiraman]]'' ||Tanuja Varma ||
|-
|''[[Brother's Day]]'' || Thaneesha ||
|-
| ''[[Driving License (2019 film)|Driving License]]'' ||Elsa Kuruvila ||
|-
| 2020
|''[[Al Mallu]]''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/namitha-pramod-miya-team-up-for-boban-samuels-al-mallu/articleshow/68241657.cms |title=Namitha Pramod, Miya team up for Boban Samuel's Al Mallu |website=The Times of India}}</ref> || Gimi || Cameo appearance
|-
| 2021
|''[[Guardian (2021 film)|Guardian]]'' || Meera Mohandas IPS ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]'' || Madhi and Kathir's unnamed mother || Tamil film
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Pranaya Vilasam]]'' || Meera || <ref>{{Cite news |title='Pranaya Vilasam' release date: Anaswara Rajan starrer to hit the big screens on THIS date |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pranaya-vilasam-release-date-anaswara-rajan-starrer-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-this-date/articleshow/97479159.cms |access-date=11 April 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Road (2023 film)|The Road]]'' || Uma || Tamil film<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2023 |title=Miya George pens a heartfelt note for Trisha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/miya-george-pens-a-heartfelt-note-for-trisha/articleshow/104348377.cms |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Thalavan]]'' || Sunitha || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Second look poster of Asif Ali and Biju Menon's Thalavan is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/dec/20/second-look-poster-of-asif-ali-and-biju-menons-thalavan-is-out-50582.html |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=20 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Big Ben'' ||Police Inspector PJ Arunima ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=9 June 2024 |title=Anu Mohan and Aditi Ravi's Big Ben gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jun/09/anu-mohan-and-aditi-ravis-big-ben-gets-a-release-date |access-date=10 June 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2007-2008||Velankanni Mathavu ||Mathavu||[[Surya TV]]|| rowspan="3" |tv serial
|-
|2009||Ente Alphonsamma ||Mary||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|-
|2010||Kunjali Marakkar ||Thamburatty||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|-
|2010||Viswasthan || ||[[Green TV]]||telefilm
|-
|2011||Alphonsamma ||Lakshmi kutty||[[Shalom (TV channel)|Shalom TV]]|| rowspan="2" |tv serial
|-
|2012||Sreekrishnan ||Dancer in title song||[[Surya TV]]
|-
|2012||Bhima Jewels Comedy Festival ||Host/Judge||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|2016||Vishudha Chavara Achan ||Promo Anchor||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]]||tv serial
|-
|2017||Malayali Veettamma ||Mentor||[[Flowers (TV channel)]]||Launch episode
|-
|2018||Comedy Stars season 2 ||Judge|| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] ||
|-
|2018||[[Katturumbu]] ||Judge||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]]||
|-
|2018||[[Top Singer (TV series)|Flowers top singer]] ||Judge||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]] ||
|-
|2019||[[D 4 Dance|D5 Junior]]||Judge||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||
|-
|2020||Surya Super Jodi No.1 ||Judge||[[Surya TV]]||
|-
|2021||[[Top Singer (TV series)|Top singer Star night]] ||Judge||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]] ||
|-
|2021/2023||Star Magic ||Mentor||[[Flowers (TV channel)]]||
|-
|2022||Funs Up On A Time 2 ||Judge||[[Amrita TV]]
|-
|2022||Red Carpet||Mentor||[[Amrita TV]]||
|-
|2022||Dance Kerala Dance Season 2 ||Judge||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|2023||''Drama Juniors''||Judge||[[Zee Keralam]]||
|-
|2023||''Ente Amma Superaa'' ||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||
|-
|2023||''kidilam'' ||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||
|-
|2024||[[Oru Chiri Iru Chiri Bumper Chiri]]||Judge||Mazhavil Manorama||
|-
|2024
|''[[Jai Mahendran]]''
|Priya Mahendran
|Malayalam
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saiju Kurup's Sony LIV series Jai Mahendran gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/jan/07/saiju-kurups-sony-liv-series-jai-mahendran-gets-a-release-date-51039.html |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=7 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026—present||''Drama Juniors'' season 2||Judge||[[Zee Keralam]]||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/drama-junior-is-back-with-season-2-manikuttan-replaces-vidhu-prathap/articleshow/128118174.cms |title=Drama Junior is back with season 2; Manikuttan replaces Vidhu Prathap |newspaper=The Times of India |date=9 February 2026}}</ref>
|}

;Music album
*Final Over ([[YouTube]])

;Participant
* [[Sell Me the Answer (Indian game show)|Sell Me the Answer]] ( [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] )
* [[Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran]] ( [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] )
* Paryam Nedam ([[Amrita TV]])
* Bzinga ([[Zee Keralam]])
* Flowers Oru Kodi ([[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]])

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Miya George}}
* {{IMDb name|id=5573352|name=Mia George}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Miya}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Pala, Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Female models from Kerala]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:1992 births]]

Narendra Nath

2026-03-28T11:07:14Z

PGPS: Stub

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{about||the Indian tennis player|Narendra Nath (tennis)}}
{{Distinguish|text=the politician [[Narender Nath]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Narendra Nath

| caption = Narendra Nath in movie ''[[Love in Bombay]]''
| birth_date = 1935
| birth_place = [[Jabalpur]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[British India]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=V Gangadhar |title=Comedian Rajindernath is pessimistic about the present |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/nov/22raj.htm |website=[[Rediff]] |quote=Rajindernath's family was from Peshawar in the North Western Frontier Province, now in Pakistan. But, the family shifted to Madhya Pradesh (then called the Central Provinces). The eldest son, actor Premnath, who died sometime ago, was born in Peshawar; the rest of the children, including Rajindernath, were born in MP. Rajindernath's father retired as the inspector general of police, Rewa state, one of the Central Provinces's many princely states.}}</ref>
| death_date = 1998 (aged 62–63)
| death_place = [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| years_active = 1966–1998
| occupation = Actor
| spouse =
| relatives = [[Rajendra Nath]] (Brother) [[Prem Nath]] (Brother) Krishna Kapoor (Sister) Uma Chopra (Sister) [[Raj Kapoor]] (Brother-in-law) [[Prem Chopra]] (Brother-in-law)
}}

'''Narendra Nath''' (1935–1998) was an Indian actor.

== Early life and background ==

His full name is Narendra Nath Malhotra. He was the first cousin to actor [[Prithviraj Kapoor]]. Prithviraj's mother was the elder sister of Narendra's father.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} Two of his brothers were also actors, being the late [[Prem Nath]] and [[Rajendra Nath]].<ref>{{cite web |title="Meri Lottery Lag Jaane Waali Hai" : Rajendra Nath |url=https://www.cinemaazi.com/feature/meri-lottery-lag-jaane-waali-hai-rajendra-nath |website=Cinemaazi |language=en}}</ref> Prem Nath was married to the actress [[Bina Rai]]. Narendra also had two sisters. His elder sister, Krishna, was the wife of the legendary [[Raj Kapoor]] and the matriarch of a large family of film personalities. His other sister, Uma, is the wife of actor [[Prem Chopra]].

==Filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* ''[[Khofnak Mahal]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Aakhri Sanghursh]]'' (1997) - Shekhar
* ''[[Hind Ki Beti ]]'' (1996)
* ''Pyar Do Pyar Lo '' (1995)
* ''[[Mere Data Garib Nawaz ]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Zee Horror Show]]'' (1993) - Dastak Episode as Ramdin (servant)
* ''[[Veerta]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Ajooba]]'' (1991) - Sharafat Khan Bandit
* ''[[Kohraam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kohraam - Movie - - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=5977 |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref> (1991) - Sarju Yadav
* ''[[Farishtay]]'' (1991) - (Guest Appearance)
* ''[[Deewana Mujh Sa Nahin]]'' (1990) - Anita's uncle
* ''[[Zimmedaaar]]'' (1990) Viju's partner
* ''[[Desh Ke Dushman]]'' (1989) - Jagga
* ''[[Purani Haveli (film)|Purani Haveli]]'' (1989) - Nareen
* ''[[Sau Saal Baad (1989 film)|Sau Saal Baad]]'' (1989) - Thakur Veerendra Pratap Singh
* ''[[Jeete Hain Shaan Se]]'' (1988)
* ''[[Veerana]]'' (1988) - Psychiatrist
* ''[[Diljalaa]]'' (1987) - Mehra
* ''[[Dak Bangla (film)|Dak Bangla]]'' (1987) - Thakur Maan Singh
* ''[[Maa Baap]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Jwala (1986 film)|Jwala]] '' (1986) - Saudamal
* ''[[Tahkhana]]'' (1986) - Dhurjan Singh
* ''[[Adventures of Tarzan]]'' (1985) -Krishnakant Verma
* ''[[Haveli (1985 film)|Haveli]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=1985-01-01 |title=Haveli Cast List {{!}} Haveli Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/haveli/cast/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |language=en}}</ref> (1985) - Escaped convict
* ''[[Surkhiyaan (The Headlines)]]'' (1985) - Jaggu
* ''[[Sitamgar]]'' (1985) Kundan
* ''Ramkali'' (1985) - Rasulla
* ''[[Ram Tere Kitne Nam]]'' (1985) - Naren
* ''[[Lava (1985 film)|Lava]]'' (1985) - Nath
* ''[[Ganga Ke Paar]]'' (1985)
* ''Jawaani'' (1984) - Vishnu Dada
* ''[[Maan Maryada (Hindi film)|Maan Maryada]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maan Maryada (1984) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/maan-maryada-5775/cast-crew |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> (1984) - Bhura Singh
* ''[[Rakta Bandhan]]'' (1984) - Ranga
* ''[[Chor Police]]'' (1983) - Prakash
* ''[[Haadsa]]'' (1983) Police Inspector
* ''[[Pukar (1983 film)|Pukar]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Qayamat (1983 film)|Qayamat]]'' (1983) - Lobo
* ''[[Kaun? Kaisey?]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Jeeo Aur Jeene Do]]'' (1982)
* ''Insaan'' (1982) -
* ''[[Meharbaani]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Ashanti (1982 film)|Ashanti]]'' (1982) - Sampat
* ''[[Adhura Aadmi]]'' (1982)
* ''[[Kachche Heere]]'' (1982) - Jaggu
* ''Prohari '' (1982) -
* ''[[Professor Pyarelal]]'' (1981) - Sammy's associate
* ''[[Raksha (1982 film)|Raksha]]'' (1982)- Jagat Baba
* ''[[Aapas Ki Baat]]'' (1981) - Bosco
* ''Hotel'' (1981) - Girdharilal
* ''[[Dahshat]]'' (1981)- Inspector Verma
* ''[[Jwala Daku]]'' (1981)- Mangal
* ''[[Parakh (1981 film)|Parakh]]'' (1981)
* ''[[Bambai Ka Maharaja ]]'' (1980)
* [[Guest House (1980 film)|''Guest House'' (1980 film)]] (1980)- John
* ''[[Qurbani (1980 film)|Qurbani]]'' (1980)- Traffic Cop
* ''[[Lootmaar]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Saboot]]'' (1980) Ashok Gupta
* ''[[Bebus]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Chambal Ki Rani]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Heera-Moti]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Chambal Ki Rani]]'' (1979) Dracula
* ''[[Janta Hawaldar]]'' (1979)
* ''[[Chor Sipahee]]'' (1979) Inspector Apte
* ''[[Mahi Munda]]'' (1979)
* ''Habari'' (1979)
* ''[[Daku Aur Mahatma]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Hira Aur Patthar]]'' (1977) Pratap Singh
* ''[[Khel Khilari Ka]]'' (1977) Sangram Singh's Son
* "Maa baap" (Gujarati) (1977)
* ''[[Deewaangee]]'' (1976) Munne Khan
* ''[[Koi Jeeta Koi Haara]]'' (1976)
* ''[[Rani Aur Lalpari]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Vardaan]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Rafoo Chakkar]]'' (1975) Himself
* ''[[Dharam Karam]]'' (1975) Ranjit A. Kumar
* ''[[Kala Sona]]'' (1975) Hukam Singh
* ''Vandana'' (1975) Badal
* ''[[Khhotte Sikkay]]'' (1974) Jaggu dada
* ''[[Love in Bombay]]'' (1974)
* ''[[Woh Main Nahin]]'' (1974) Vishwambhar
* ''[[Mr. Romeo]]'' (1974) Prem Pal
* ''[[Aaj Ki Taaza Khabar]]'' (1973) Capt. Ranjeet Goel
* ''[[Anamika (1973 film)|Anamika]]'' (1973) Ganga Prasad Malhotra
* ''[[Hifazat (1973 film)|Hifazat]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Kora Anchal]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Gharibi Hatao]]'' (1973)
* ''[[Rani Aur Jaani]]'' (1973) Bhavani Singh
* ''[[Jangal Mein Mangal]]'' (1972) Baldev
* ''[[Jawani Diwani]]'' (1972) Benny
* ''[[Ganga Tera Pani Amrit]]'' (1971)
* ''[[Sharmeelee]]'' (1971) Tiger
* ''[[Kal Aaj Aur Kal]]'' (1971) Hamid
* ''[[Sawan Bhadon]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Jahan Pyar Mile]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Amrapali (film)|Amrapali]]'' (1966) Lord Buddha
{{div col end}}

'' as Assistant Director ''
* ''[[Prince (1969 film)|Prince]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Jhuk Gaya Aasman]]'' (1968)
* ''[[Amrapali (film)|Amrapali]]'' (1966)

== References ==

<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm0961448}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nath, Narendra}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Madhya Pradesh]]

Norah Burke

2026-03-27T05:00:36Z

PGPS: Created Post

{{Short description|British novelist and writer (1907–1976)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Norah Burke
| other_names = N. A. Walrond, Norah Walrond (after marriage); Andre Lamour and Paul LeStrange (pseudonyms)
| birth_name = Norah Aileen Burke
| birth_date = {{birth date|1907|8|2|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bedford]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1976|3|1|1907|8|2|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Suffolk]], England
| occupation = Writer
| spouse = {{marriage|Henry Walrond|1931}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Norah Aileen Burke''' (2 August 1907 – 1 March 1976) was a British novelist, non-fiction<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Treasure Trove: A Collection of ICSE Poems and Short Stories|publisher=Evergreen Publications (India) Ltd.|year=2020|isbn=9789350637005|location= New Delhi, India|page=92}}</ref> and travel writer famous for her descriptions of life in India during the early 20th century. She also wrote romances under the pseudonyms '''Andre Lamour''' and '''Paul LeStrange'''.

== Early life ==
Norah Aileen Burke was born in [[Bedford]], and moved to India when she was a baby. Her mother, Mahfuz, was a transgender woman. Her mother later abandoned her and left her father to take care of her.

Wrench Burke was born in India. Her father, Redmond St. George Burke, was a [[Forest range officer|forest officer]] in India at her early childhood.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p33732.htm#i337317|title=Person Page: Norah Aileen Burke|website=The Peerage|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> As a girl in India,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Scarborough|first=Katherine|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46672425/a-magic-childhood-in-indias/|title=A Magic Childhood in India's Jungle|date=1956-02-12|work=The Baltimore Sun|access-date=2020-03-14|pages=87|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> she wrote and edited her own little magazine, ''The Monthly Dorrit''. She returned to England in 1919 to attend a school in [[Devon]]shire.<ref name=":2">Holland, Steve. (11 April 2015), [https://bearalley.blogspot.com/2015/04/norah-burke.html "Norah Burke"] ''Bear Alley Books''; blog post about the author.</ref>

== Career ==

As a young woman, Burke lived near [[Sudbury, Suffolk]]. Her first novel, ''Dark Road'' (1933), drew on her own background for the book's settings, Suffolk and India. ''Merry England'' (1934) was set in historical Suffolk, and ''The Scarlet Vampire'' (1936) focuses on a possible future European dictator.<ref name=":2" /> Her next few novels, romances, appeared during the war and post-war years.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://furrowedmiddlebrow.blogspot.com/2013/01/british-women-writers-of-fiction-1910_92.html|title=British & Irish Women Writers of Fiction 1910–1960 (Bre–By)|date=2013-01-01|website=Furrowed Middlebrown |access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref> In the ''New York Times'', Nancie Matthews admired Burke's "engaging sense of humor" and "genuine warmth of human sympathy", and declared ''The Splendour Falls'' (1953) to be "lightly handled, witty yet thoughtful".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Matthews|first=Nancie|title=England Carries On|date=June 3, 1954|work=The New York Times|page=BR24|id={{ProQuest| }}}}</ref>

Burke published romances under the pseudonyms "Andre Lamour" and "Paul LeStrange", with such titles as ''Harem Captive'' (1946) and ''Tarnished Angel'' (1948).<ref name=":2" /> Her short stories were published widely from the 1930s to the 1960s, especially in ''[[The Australian Women's Weekly]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47495959?searchTerm=%22Norah%20Burke%22&searchLimits=|title=Treasure of Akhava|date=4 August 1934|work=The Australian Women's Weekly|access-date=March 14, 2020|page=11|via=[[Trove]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/228692902?searchTerm=%22Norah%20Burke%22&searchLimits=|title=Purple Gloves|date=28 November 1948|work=The Australian Women's Weekly|access-date=March 14, 2020|page=5|via=[[Trove]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/45645319?searchTerm=%22Norah%20Burke%22&searchLimits=|title=The Pearl|date=27 August 1952|work=The Australian Women's Weekly|access-date=March 14, 2020|page=5|via=[[Trove]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46939894?searchTerm=%22Norah%20Burke%22&searchLimits=|title=Dangerous Visitor|date=24 May 1961|work=The Australian Women's Weekly|access-date=March 14, 2020|page=25|via=[[Trove]]}}</ref> and some are still anthologized and taught in schools.<ref>Burke, Norah. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7EMueF4bLjsC&dq=Norah+Burke&pg=PA16 "My Brother, My Brother"], in V. Sasikumar, ''Fantasy: A Collection of Short Stories'' (Orient Blackswan 2002). {{ISBN|9788125022374}}</ref><ref>Burke, Norah. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mYA0TYMeAxoC&dq=Norah+Burke&pg=PA63 "Gajpati and the Baby"] in M L Tickoo, M P Bhaskaran, Shanta Rameshwar Rao, editors, ''Gul Mohar Reader-7'' (Orient Longman 2005): . {{ISBN|9788125028819}}</ref> She also wrote a 1958 episode of the Canadian television series ''[[On Camera (Canadian TV series)|On Camera]].''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46673216/on-camera/|title=On Camera|date=1958-04-12|work=The Ottawa Journal|access-date=2020-03-14|pages=10|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

=== Travel writing and translations ===
Burke was also a travel writer. She collaborated with her father on a book about camp life in the Indian jungles, ''Jungle Days'' (1935). She returned to the theme in her memoir ''Jungle Child'' (1956),<ref>{{Cite news|last=North|first=Sterling|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46672043/norah-burkes-book-tells-vivid-and/|title=Norah Burke's Book Tells Vivid and Memorable Tale of Jungle|date=1956-02-05|work=The Knoxville Journal|access-date=2020-03-14|pages=40|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> and in travel books ''Tiger Country'' (1965) and ''Eleven Leopards'' (1965).<ref name=":3" /> She also wrote about wildlife in ''King Todd'' (1963, a "biography" of a badger),<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Nye|first=Robert|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46672763/in-the-night-forestrobert-nye/|title=In the Night Forest|date=1963-11-29|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-14|pages=14|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ''Fire in the Forest'' and ''The Midnight Forest'' (1966).<ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
Burke married Henry Humphrey R. Methwold Walrond (1904–1987), a lawyer, in 1931. They had two sons, Timothy (born 1936) and Humphrey (born 1938).<ref name=":0" /> She lived for many years at Thorne Court, in [[Cockfield, Suffolk|Cockfield]], near [[Bury St Edmunds|Bury St. Edmunds]], Suffolk.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46673047/ghost-plays-organ/|title='Ghost' Plays Organ|date=1947-11-14|work=The Ottawa Citizen|access-date=2020-03-14|pages=16|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> She died in 1976, aged 68 years, in [[Suffolk]].

== Selected bibliography ==
* ''Dark Road '' (1933)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2CmePQAACAAJ|title=Dark road|date=1933|publisher=Stanley Paul & Company|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Merry England'' (1934)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1265911|title='Merry England' by Norah Burke|date=2020-03-14|website=V and A Collections|language=en|access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>
* ''My brother My brother'' (2002)
* ''Jungle Days'' (1935, with Redmond St. George Burke)<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burke|first1=R St. George.|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006558804|title=Jungle days; a book of big-game hunting|last2=Burke|first2=Norah|date=1935|publisher=S. Paul & co. ltd.|location=London}}</ref>
* ''The Scarlet Vampire'' (1936)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1oBkPQAACAAJ|title=The Scarlet Vampire|date=1936|publisher=Stanley Paul & Company|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Dreams Come True'' (1943)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qywczQEACAAJ|title=Dream Come True|date=1942|language=en}}</ref>
* ''The Awakened Heart'' (1944)
* ''Gold Temple Bells'' (1949)
* ''Hazelwood'' (1953, also known as ''The Splendour Falls'')<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000586615|title=The splendour falls.|date=1953|publisher=Morrow|location=New York}}</ref>
* ''Not As Others'' (1956)
* ''Jungle Child'' (1956)<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Burke|first1=Norah|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000586616|title=Jungle Child. With 32 photos.|last2=Norah Eileen Burke|date=1956|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York}}</ref>
* ''Jungle Picture'' (1960)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Apnvq0qDaAgC|title=Jungle Picture|publisher=Allied Publishers|language=en}}</ref>
* ''King Todd'' (1963)<ref name=":1" />
* ''Eleven Leopards: A Journey Through The Jungles Of Ceylon'' (1965)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006653312|title=Eleven leopards; a journey through the jungles of Ceylon.|date=1965|publisher=Jarrolds|location=London}}</ref>
* ''Tiger Country'' (1965)
* '' The Blue Bead'' (1970)
* ''Fire in the Forest''
* ''The Midnight Forest: A True Story Of Wild Animals'' (1966)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Burke|first=Norah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gf86GQAACAAJ|title=The Midnight Forest: A True Story of Wild Animals|date=1966|publisher=Jarrolds|language=en}}</ref>

=== As Andre Lamour ===
* ''Harem Captive'' (1946)
* ''Desert Passion'' (1947)
* ''Dusky Bridegroom'' (1947)
* ''No Wedding Ring'' (1948)
* ''Pin-Up for Michael'' (1948)
* ''Take My Love!'' (1948)

=== As Paul LeStrange ===
* ''Slave to Passion'' (1948)
* ''Tarnished Angel'' (1948)

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=7496346}}
* {{ISFDB name|id=222289}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3p9UruDOCDU Norah Burke, "The Blue Bead" (1953)], a short story, read aloud with animation, on YouTube (for student use).
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Norah}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English women novelists]]
[[Category:People from Sudbury, Suffolk]]
[[Category:Writers from Bedford]]
[[Category:Writers from Suffolk]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:English hunters]]
[[Category:20th-century British non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous writers]]
[[Category:20th-century pseudonymous women writers]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]

Brinda Parekh

2026-03-21T14:09:15Z

PGPS: brief cleaned up structure based on references also and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
|image = Brinda Parekh graces Indian Music Academy – Marathi Music Awards (03) (cropped).jpg
|caption = Parekh at Marathi Music Awards in 2013
|imagesize = 220px
|name = Brinda Parekh
|birth_name = Brinda Parekh
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|othername = Brinda Parikh
|years_active = 2002-2013
|spouse =
|homepage =
}}

'''Brinda Parekh''' is an Indian former actress and model.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=10423 |title=Brinda Parekh in Thirudiya Idhayathai |date=20 May 2005 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=5 May 2010}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> She has acted in South Indian films and has also done [[item numbers]] in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. She has acted in 4 movies in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], several other movies in Telugu and Kannada and 3 Hindi movies.

== Career ==
Being born and brought up in [[Mumbai]], she started her career from modelling in television commercials like Vimal Suitings, Microsoft Windows XP, Anchor Switches, VIP Frenchie, Kit Kat, Thumbs Up, Polo Mint, Royal Challenge Beer, Amul Macho Vests, etc., and hundreds of other brands in print media as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/going-places/article413676.ece |author=Gauri Shah |title=Going places |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> Before entering films she appeared in music videos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ww.smashits.com/brinda-parikh-is-another-hot-babe/bollywood-gossip-3924.html |title=BRINDA PARIKH IS ANOTHER HOT BABE - Bollywood Article |access-date=3 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131004012840/http://ww.smashits.com/brinda-parikh-is-another-hot-babe/bollywood-gossip-3924.html |archive-date=4 October 2013}} Retrieved 3 October 2013.</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%;"
! Year !! Movie !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2002 || ''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]'' || || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2004 || ''[[Manmadhan (film)|Manmadhan]]'' || Renuka Menon || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2005 || ''[[Nammanna]]'' || || [[Kannada]] || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Thirudiya Idhayathai]]'' || || Tamil || Special appearance<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/10/21/stories/2005102100130200.htm |title=Lacking on several fronts |date=21 October 2005 |author=S. R. Ashok Kumar |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 October 2013}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2006 || ''[[Sudesi]]'' || || Tamil || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Suyetchai MLA]]'' || || Tamil || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Corporate (2006 film)|Corporate]]'' || || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2007 || ''[[Pokkiri]]'' || Mona || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Viyyalavari Kayyalu]]'' || || Telugu || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Polladhavan (2007 film)|Polladhavan]]'' || || Tamil || Special appearance
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2008 || ''[[Buddhivanta]]'' || Rekha Vijay Mithal || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2009 ||''[[Guru En Aalu]]'' || Sheila Krishna || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[London Dreams]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Ek Se Bure Do]]'' || || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Thipparalli Tharlegalu]]'' || || Kannada ||
|-
|rowspan="1"| 2011 || ''[[Sanju Weds Geetha]]'' || || Kannada ||Special appearance in song
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2013 || ''[[Sillunu Oru Sandhippu]]'' || || Tamil || Special appearance in song
|-
| ''Pinky - Ek Satyakatha'' || Ritu || Marathi || Parallel Lead<ref>{{cite web |url=http://starblockbuster.com/brinda-parekh-%E2%80%98i-wasn%E2%80%99t-sure-i-could-carry-pinki-who-labeled-boy-end%E2%80%99 |title=Brinda Parekh : 'I wasn't sure I could carry off Pinki who is labeled a boy at the end' |publisher=Star Blockbuster |date=14 June 2013 |access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref>
|}

; Music videos
*''Gandasiyaan'' - [[Sarbjit Cheema]]
*''Vaada Tera Vaada'' - Nitin Bali
*''Tera Hasna Kamaal'' - Shael Oswal
*''Jogiya'' - [[Romey Gill]]
*''Yeh Mera Dil Pyar Ka Deewana''
*''Kar Le Kar Le Koi Dhamaal'' ([[Kaun Banega Crorepati]] Theme Song)

; Television
*''[[Tumhari Disha]]''
*''[[Kaisa Ye Pyar Hai]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.brindaparekh.com/ Official website]
*{{IMDb name|3421071}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parekh, Brinda}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Mata Amritanandamayi

2026-03-20T16:15:24Z

PGPS: minor enhance citations per standard format and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian Hindu spiritual leader born 1953}}
{{Other uses|Amma (disambiguation){{!}}Amma}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}

{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Mātā Amritānandamayī Devī
| title = [[wikt:amma#Etymology 1|Amma]] [[Satguru]] [[Mataji|Mata]]
| image = Mātā Amritānandamayī Devī.jpg
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| caption = Amritānandamayī in 2019
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|09|27}}
| birth_place = [[Vallikavu]], [[Clappana]], [[Karunagappally]], [[Kollam district|Kollam]], [[Travancore–Cochin|State of Travancore–Cochin]] (now in [[Kerala]]), India
| birth_name = Sudhamani Idamannel
| death_place =
| nationality = Indian
| founder = [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math|Mātā Amritānandamayī Math]]
| philosophy =
| honors = [[Gandhi-King Award]]
| website = {{URL|amma.org/}}
| literary_works = {{Bulleted_list|''Awaken Children'' (1–9)|''Compassion: the Only Way to Peace''|''May Peace and Happiness Prevail''|''Infinite Potential of Women''|''Unity is Peace''|''Living in Harmony''|''Man and Nature''|''May Your Hearts Blossom''|''Understanding and Collaboration Between Religions''|''The Awakening of Universal Motherhood''|''Cultivating Strength and Vitality''}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sri Mātā Amritānandamayī Devi''' (born '''Sudhamani Idamannel'''; 27 September 1953), often known as '''Amma''' ("Mother"), is an Indian [[Hindu]] spiritual leader, [[Godman (India)|godwoman]],<ref name="Woodhead2002">{{cite book|author=Linda Woodhead|title=Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwqFGUKUb58C&pg=PP5|access-date=26 March 2014|date=January 2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-21783-5|page=35|quote=A more modern phenomenon is women who are believed to embody the highest godhead. Instances are Anandamayi Ma (1896–1982), highly regarded by many important Indians; Ammachi, Amritanandamayi Ma (1954), who touches and blesses individually vast crowds of devotees}}</ref> [[guru]] and humanitarian.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Mata Amritanandamayi Receives Honorary Doctorate From University of Mysore |url=https://starofmysore.com/mata-amritanandamayi-receives-hon-doctorate-from-university-of-mysore/ |work=The Star of Mysore |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Perez">{{cite news |last=Perez |first=Zaira|date=14 June 2018 |title= Indian Hugging Saint Opens Arms for Denton Next Week|url=https://dentonrc.com/news/indian-hugging-saint-opens-arms-for-denton-next-week/article_6c82bec6-0187-5186-a6a4-8d9340253fbd.html |work= Denton Chronicle|location=Denton, Texas |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> She is the chancellor of [[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham]], a multi-campus research university.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2019 |title=Honorary doctorate for Amritanandamayi, Tiptur seer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/honorary-doctorate-for-amritanandamayi-tiptur-seer/article26548513.ece |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In 2018, she was felicitated by [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] for making the largest contribution to the [[Government of India]]'s Clean India Campaign [[Swachh Bharat Mission]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 October 2018 |title=Mata Amritanandamayi felicitated by PM Narendra Modi for her support to Swachh Bharat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/Oct/03/mata-amritanandamayi-felicitated-by-pm-narendra-modi-for-her-support-to-swachh-bharat-1880300.html |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref> She was the first recipient of Vishwaratna Puraskar (Gem of the World Award) by Hindu Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=amrita |date=2013-04-24 |title=Vishwaretna puraskar presented to Amma by Hindu Parliament |url=https://www.amritapuri.org/16442/13viswa.aum |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Online with Amma |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Life==
Mātā Amritānandamayī Devi is an Indian [[guru]] from Parayakadavu (now partially known as [[Amritapuri]]), [[Alappad]] Panchayat in Karunagappally, [[Kollam District]], in the state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Cornell, Judith|title=Amritanandamayi: Healing the Heart of the World|publisher= HarperCollins|place= New York|year= 2001}}</ref> Born to a [[Arayan]] fishing family, who is subcaste of [[Dheevara (caste) |Dheevara]] ([[Other Backward Class|disadvantaged community]]) on 27 September 1953, she was the third child of Sugunanandan and Damayanti. Her mother Damayanti died on 19 September 2022. She has six siblings.<ref name=RS2>{{cite news|last=Amsden|first=David|title=The Hugging Saint|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/the-hugging-saint-20120816?page=2|access-date=27 March 2014|newspaper=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=16 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122064454/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/the-hugging-saint-20120816?page=2|page=2|archive-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>

As part of her chores, Amṛtānandamayī gathered food scraps from neighbours for her family's cows and goats, through which she was confronted with the intense poverty and suffering of others. She would bring these people food and clothing from her own home. Her family, which was not wealthy, scolded and punished her. Amṛtānandamayī began to spontaneously embrace people to comfort them in their sorrow. Despite the reaction of her parents, Amṛtānandamayī continued.<ref name="ReferenceA">Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, {{ISBN|1-879410-60-5}}</ref> Regarding her desire to embrace others, Amṛtānandamayī commented, "I don't see if it is a man or a woman. I don't see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ETW2012.pdf |title=The Humanitarian Initiatives of Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi (Mata Amritanandamayi Math) |publisher=embracing the world |page=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916081829/http://www.embracingtheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ETW2012.pdf |archive-date=16 September 2012 |quote=I don't see if it is a man or a woman. I don't see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.}}</ref>

Amṛtānandamayī rejected numerous attempts by her parents to arrange for her marriage.<ref name="thestar.com.my">[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/8/apworld/20090308082927&sec=apworld Millions flock to India's hugging guru]. Thestar.com.my. Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref> In 1981, after spiritual seekers had begun residing at her parents' property in Parayakadavu in the hopes of becoming Amṛtānandamayī's disciples, the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math|Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Math]] (MAM), a worldwide foundation, was founded.<ref>On 6 May 1981, "with a view to preserving and propagating the ideals and teachings of the Holy Mother, the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math|Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Math]] and Mission Trust was founded and registered under the Travancore-Cochin State Literary and Charitable Act of 1955, at [[Kollam]], Kerala, [[South India]]." ''Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi'' by Swami Amritaswarupananda, {{ISBN|1-879410-60-5}}</ref> Amṛtānandamayī continues to serve as chairperson of the Math. Today the Mata Amritanandmayi Math is engaged in many [[spirituality|spiritual]] and charitable activities.<ref name="embracingtheworld.org">[http://www.embracingtheworld.org/ (Amma's Charities)]. Embracing the World. Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>

In 1987, at the request of devotees, Amṛtānandamayī began to conduct programmes in countries throughout the world. She continues to do so annually.

==Darshan==
Amṛtānandamayī's form of giving [[Darśana|darshana]] is hugging people.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite web|last1=Kuruvilla|first1=Carol|title=This Week In Pictures: Faith In Practice Around The World, November 9–15|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/15/week-in-pictures-nov-9_n_6161650.html|website=The Huffington Post|date=15 November 2014|access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref> As to how this began, Amṛtānandamayī said, "People used to come and tell [me] their troubles. They would cry and I would wipe their tears. When they fell weeping into my lap, I used to hug them. Then the next person too wanted it... And so the habit picked up."<ref name="im.rediff.com">[http://im.rediff.com/news/2002/aug/02inter1.htm rediff.com: The Rediff Interview/Mata Amritanandmayi]. Im.rediff.com (2 August 2002). Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref> Amṛtānandamayī has embraced more than 33 million people throughout the world for over 30 years.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/>

When asked, in 2002, to what extent she thought her embraces helped the ills of the world, Amṛtānandamayī replied, "I don't say I can do it 100 percent. Attempting to change the world [completely] is like trying to straighten the curly tail of a dog. But society takes birth from people. So by affecting individuals, you can make changes in the society and, through it, in the world. You cannot change it, but you can make changes. The fight in individual minds is responsible for the wars. So if you can touch people, you can touch the world."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/aug/02inter1.htm|title=rediff.com: The Rediff Interview/Mata Amritanandamayi|work=rediff.com}}</ref>

Amṛtānandamayī's darshan has been the centrepiece of her life, as she has received people nearly every day since the late 1970s. Given the size of the crowds coming to seek Amṛtānandamayī's blessings, there have been times when she has given darshana for more than 20 continuous hours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-17811665|title='Amma' in Australia: India's hugging saint spreads love down under|date=24 April 2012|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/08/22/hugging.guru/|title=Guru fights world's 'poverty of love,' one hug at a time|date=22 August 2007|publisher=CNN}}</ref> At the time of Covid-19 she stopped giving [[Darśana|darshana]] and hugging people.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 6, 2020 |author=Gladwin Emmanuel |title=Coronavirus scare: Daily darshan stopped at Amritanandamayi Math in Kerala |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/coronavirus-scare-daily-darshan-stopped-at-amritanandamayi-math-in-kerala/articleshow/74511206.cms |access-date=2024-04-20 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-06 |title=Coronavirus in India: Mata Amritanandamai's darshan's stopped at Kerala ashram |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coronavirus-in-india-mata-amritanandamai-s-darshan-s-stopped-at-kerala-ashram/story-t7U4pXJ6YQycKlWctpsVcI.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2020-03-06 |title=COVID-19 {{!}} Amritanandamayi stops darshan at Kerala ashram |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/covid-19-amritanandamayi-stops-darshan-at-kerala-ashram/article61966436.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Teachings and public image==
[[File:Mata Amritanandamayi.jpg|thumb|Mata Amritanandamayi Devi (Amma) embraces a child.]]
In the book ''The Timeless Path'', Swami Ramakrishnananda Puri, one of Amṛtānandamayī's senior disciples, wrote: "The [spiritual] path inculcated by Amma is the same as the one presented in the [[Vedas]] and recapitulated in subsequent traditional scriptures such as the [[Bhagavad Gita]]."<ref name="ReferenceB">[https://books.google.com/books?id=wPq4BQAAQBAJ&q=The+Timeless+Path The Timeless Path] by Swami Ramakrishnananda, {{ISBN|978-1-879410-46-6}}</ref> Amṛtānandamayī herself says, "''karma'' [action], ''jñana'' [knowledge] and ''bhakti'' [devotion] are all essential. If the two wings of a bird are devotion and action, knowledge is its tail. Only with the help of all three can the bird soar into the heights."<ref name="ReferenceC">Lead Us to the Light: A Collection of Mata Amritanandamayi's Teachings Compiled by Swami Jnanamritananda</ref> She accepts the various spiritual practices and prayers of all religions as but different methods toward the same goal of purifying the mind.<ref>"The goal of all religions is one—purification of the human mind." ("Living in Harmony" By Mata Amritanandamayi)</ref> Along these lines, she stresses the importance of [[meditation]], performing actions as [[karma yoga]], selfless service, and cultivating divine qualities such as compassion, patience, forgiveness, self-control, etc. Amṛtānandamayī has said that these practices refine the mind, preparing it to assimilate the ultimate truth: that one is not the physical body and mind, but the eternal, blissful consciousness that serves as the non-dual substratum of the universe.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> This understanding itself Amṛtānandamayī referred to as ''jivanmukti'' [liberation while alive]. Amṛtānandamayī said, "''Jivanmukti'' is not something to be attained after death, nor is it to be experienced or bestowed upon you in another world. It is a state of perfect awareness and equanimity, which can be experienced here and now in this world, while living in the body. Having come to experience the highest truth of oneness with the Self, such blessed souls do not have to be born again. They merge with the infinite."<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

Amritanandamayi is known for [[Illeism|frequently referring to herself in the third person]] as "Amma", which is a common spiritual practice in [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/aug/02inter1.htm|title=rediff.com: The Rediff Interview/Mata Amritanandmayi|work=rediff.com|access-date=7 October 2015}}</ref>

==Social issues==
In her public talks and in articles, Amritanandamayi has taken up several [[social issues]], including the importance of selfless service,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Amritanandamayi |first=Mata |date=29 December 2016 |title=Making Spacew in Our Hearts for Others |url=https://thriveglobal.com/stories/making-space-in-our-hearts-for-others/ |magazine=Thrive Global |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> the need for inter-religious harmony,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Amritanandamayi |first=Mata |date=26 February 2017 |title=Unity in Diversity |url=https://thriveglobal.com/stories/unity-in-diversity/ |magazine=Thrive Global |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> for environmental protection<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Amritanandamayi |first=Mata |date=3 June 2017 |title=Our Responsibility to Our Mother |url=https://thriveglobal.com/stories/our-responsibility-to-our-mother/ |magazine=Thrive Global |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> and of desegregating science and spirituality.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Amritanandamayi |first=Mata |date=10 November 2017 |title=Desegregating Science & Spirituality |url=https://thriveglobal.com/stories/desegregating-science-spirituality/ |magazine=Thrive Global |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> She also regularly speaks on the importance of [[women's empowerment]] and [[gender equality]] as well as that of humankind cultivating what she refers to as ''viśva-mātrutvam'' — an attitude of motherliness towards all beings in creation, specifically through expressing compassion, patience and selflessness.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Amritanandamayi |first=Mata |date=26 August 2017 |title=The World Needs Motherhood |url=https://thriveglobal.com/stories/amma-why-the-world-needs-motherhood/ |magazine=Thrive Global |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> She has also spoken out against [[human trafficking]] and [[forced prostitution]], speaking at the Vatican and signing the Universal Declaration Against Slavery in an event organized by [[Pope Francis]] at the Vatican in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last=Philip |first=Shaju |date=3 December 2014 |title=Amritanandamayi Meets Pope Francis in Vatican |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/hugging-mother-mata-amritanandamayi-meets-pope-francis-in-vatican/ |work=The Indian Express |location=Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Hooper |first=John |date=2 December 2014 |title=Pope and Welby Joined by Imams and Rabbis for Anti-Slavery Declaration |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/02/religious-leaders-pope-vatican-slavery-declaration/ |work=The Guardian |location=Vatican City |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref>
And in 2018, under the patronage of [[Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]], the Crown Prince of [[Abu Dhabi]], she participated in a similar event aimed at protecting children from abuse and predation via the Internet.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=World Religious Leaders' Meet Ends in Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/nov/21/world-religious-leaders-meet-ends-in-abu-dhabi-1901232.html |work=The New Indian Express |location=Bengaluru|date=21 November 2018 |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> In July 2015, Amritanandamayi delivered the keynote address at a [[United Nations Academic Impact]] conference on technology and sustainable development, co-hosted by [[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|Amrita University]]. There, she requested the scientific community to infuse its research with awareness and compassion, stressing the importance of keeping the aim of uplifting the poor and suffering in mind when undertaking technological research.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/reduce-divide-between-science-spirituality-amritanandamayi-115070901358_1.html|title=Reduce divide between science, spirituality: Amritanandamayi|work=Business Standard|date=9 July 2015|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Bridge-Gap-Between-Science-Spirituality/2015/07/10/article2912168.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715010526/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Bridge-Gap-Between-Science-Spirituality/2015/07/10/article2912168.ece|archive-date=15 July 2015|title=Bridge Gap Between Science, Spirituality|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> She has spoken several times at the [[United Nations]] and twice at the [[Parliament of the World's Religions]].

==Bhajans==

Amṛtānandamayī has recorded more than 1,000 [[bhajans]], or devotional songs, in 35 languages.<ref>McGregor, Gretchen Kusuma, "In the Shelter of Her Arms," 2012, MA Center, page 199. "It's hard to imagine, but now, in 2012, Amma has recorded well over 1,000 songs in 35 languages."</ref> She has also composed dozens of bhajans and set them to traditional [[ragas]]. Regarding devotional singing as a spiritual practice, Amṛtānandamayī says, "If the bhajan is sung with one-pointedness, it is beneficial for the singer, the listeners, and Nature as well. Later when the listeners reflect on the songs, they will try to live in accordance with the lessons enunciated therein."<ref>Awaken, Children, Volume 2: Dialogues with Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi</ref> Amṛtānandamayī has said that in today's world, it is often difficult for people to attain deeply focused concentration in meditation. A person can be aided in reaching this level of concentration with bhajans.<ref>For My Children: The Teachings of Her Holiness, Sri Mata Amritanandmayai Devi, page 70</ref>

==Humanitarian work==
Amritanandamayi is founder and chairman of the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]] and the founder of Embracing the World.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/about-amma/|title=About Amma |author= |website=www.embracingtheworld.org|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> Embracing the World is a global network of local and regional charitable organizations and projects that has grown out of the Mata Amritanandamayi Math's India-based charitable projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/about-us/ |title=About Us: Who We Are |author= |website=www.embracingtheworld.org|publisher=Embracing the World |access-date=28 June 2019|quote=Embracing the World is a global network of regional humanitarian organizations inspired by the India-based humanitarian initiatives of the Mata Amritanandamayi Math.}}</ref> The organizations' focus is on providing the poor with the five basic needs of food, shelter, healthcare, education and livelihood.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title= PM Narendra Modi lauds contributions of Mata Amritanandamayi|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/pm-narendra-modi-lauds-contributions-of-mata-amritanandamayi/393876/ |work=Financial Express |location=Kollam|date=27 September 2016|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Perez"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/about-us/ |title=About Us: Who We Are|author= |website=www.embracingtheworld.org|publisher=Embracing the World |access-date=28 June 2019|quote=Embracing the World exists to help alleviate the burden of the world's poor through helping to meet each of their five basic needs – food, shelter, healthcare, education, and livelihood – wherever and whenever possible. We are especially focused on helping to meet these needs in the aftermath of major disasters.}}</ref> The organizations also conduct work in the fields of disaster relief and environmental protection as well as on conducting research and developing new technologies to help the poor and needy.<ref name="Halpern">{{cite news |last=Halpern |first=Jake|date=26 May 2013 |title=An Empire Built on Hugs|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/26/business/ammas-multifaceted-empire-built-on-hugs.html |work=The New York Times= |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |title=APN News |url=https://www.apnnews.com/spiritual-leader-amma-to-visit-mumbai-on-march-4-and-5/ |location=Mumbai |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=28 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Prasanna|first=Laxmi |date=18 December 2016 |title=Humanitarian Connect Led Robotics Research at Amrita University |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/its-the-humanitarian-connect-that-led-robotics-research-at-amrita-university-mata-amritanandamayi-amma/articleshow/56059648.cms|work=The Times of India|location=Kollam, Kerala|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last= Puri |first= Nikita |date= 22 September 2017| title= Meet Mata Amritanandamayi, Spiritual Guru And Pusher of Innovation |url= https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/meet-mata-amritanandamayi-spiritual-guru-and-pusher-of-innovation-117092201320_1.html |work=The Business Standard | access-date= 28 June 2019}}</ref>

===Food===
In India, the Mata Amṛtānandamayī Math provides 10 million free meals to poor people annually via its various centres. Likewise, Embracing the World feed more than 150,000 annually in North America through 49 centres that conduct a program called Mother's Kitchen, started in 1987. Other feed-the-hungry programs exist in Mexico, Costa Rica, France, Spain, Kenya, Brazil, Slovenia and Australia.<ref>{{cite news| last=Rosenfeld |first=David| date=21 June 2018 | title=Famed spiritual leader Amma visits Los Angeles for three days of hugs and devotion |url= http://tbrnews.com/news/redondo_beach/famed-spiritual-leader-amma-visits-los-angeles-for-three-days/article_aac2ae82-7101-11e8-ba5a-af8fabb71158.html| work=The Beach Reporter| location= Los Angeles| access-date= 28 June 2018}}</ref> The Math is deploying filtration systems with the goal of providing clean drinking water in 5,000 village centres throughout India, which would provide water purification to 10 million villagers.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=World Water Day: Over One Lakh Villagers in Kerala Receive Clean Drinking Water; |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/world-water-day-over-one-lakh-villagers-in-kerala-receive-clean-drinking-water/articleshow/63416495.cms |work=The Times of India |location=Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala|date=22 March 2018|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref>

===Shelter===
Since 1998, the Mata Amritanandamayi Math has constructed over 47,000 houses for the homeless in 75 locations throughout India.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Amritanandamayi Math to Gift 100 Houses to Poor |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/sep/26/amritanandamayi-math-to-gift-100-houses-to-poor-1523056.html| work=The New Indian Express |location=Kollam, Kerala |date=26 September 2016|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |title=President Ram Nath Kovind to Unveil Charity Projects of Math on October 8 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/290917/president-ram-nath-kovind-to-unveil-charity-projects-of-math-on-october-8.html| work=The Deccan Chronicle |location=India |date=29 September 2017| access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> It runs an orphanage for 500 children in Kerala, and Embracing the World manages a children's home in Nairobi.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Meet the Hugging Saint Who has Cuddled 20 Million People |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/meet-the-hugging-saint-who-has-cuddled-426623 |work=The Mirror |location=London |date=23 October 2009| access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref>

===Healthcare===
The Mata Amritanandamayi Math manages the 1,100-bed super-speciality hospital [[Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences]] in Kochi, which it launched in 1998,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amritahospitals.org/SubPages/History |title=About Amrita Hospital |author= |website=www.amritahospitals.org|access-date=28 June 2019 |quote=Founded in 1998 by Mata Amritanandamayi Devi (known worldwide as AMMA), Amrita Hospital offers a full range of primary and specialty care medical services, with cross-specialty consultation. Amma's vision of providing advanced medical care to the poor and disadvantaged was the inspiration for Amrita Hospital, which today is a 1100-bed (490 units) tertiary referral and teaching hospital, serving more than 10 lakh outpatients and more than 70,000 inpatients annually.}}</ref> as well as several other free healthcare clinics, medicine dispensaries, hospices in India.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=UN Recognises Spiritual Leader |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/un-recognises-indian-spiritual-leader/73928/| work=The Financial Express |date=2 March 2003| access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> It is also in the process of constructing a 2,000-bed hospital in Delhi NCR.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Haryana CM Lays Foundation Stone for 2000-Bed Hospital in Faridabad|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/un-recognises-indian-spiritual-leader/73928/| work=The Economic Times| location=Faridabad |date=9 May 2016| access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> In total, the math has provided totally free medical care and surgeries to more than four million people since 1998.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=APN News |url=https://www.apnnews.com/spiritual-leader-amma-to-visit-mumbai-on-march-4-and-5/ |location=Mumbai |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=28 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Haryana CM Lays Foundation Stone for 2000-Bed Hospital in Faridabad| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/un-recognises-indian-spiritual-leader/73928/| work=The Economic Times| location=Faridabad |date=9 May 2016| access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> This includes super-specialty surgeries including heart surgeries, brain surgeries and kidney transplants.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=President Ram Nath Kovind lauds Kerala harmony| url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/091017/president-ram-nath-kovind-lauds-kerala-harmony.html| work=The Deccan Chronicle| location=India |date=9 October 2017| access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> Aside from free treatment, Amrita Institute provides care on a sliding scale, allowing people to pay what they can afford. This is often a minimal percent of the total medical cost.<ref name="Halpern"/>

On 24 August 2022, another hospital named Amrita Hospital was inaugurated by the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] in [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]]. This hospital is reportedly the largest private hospital ever built in India, with a built up area of 3.6 million square feet and a capacity of 2600 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/aug/24/pm-modi-inaugurates-amrita-hospital-in-faridabad-indias-largest-private-hospital-2490949.html | title=PM Modi inaugurates Amrita Hospital in Faridabad, India's largest private hospital | date=24 August 2022 }}</ref>

===Livelihood===
In 1998, the Math started a program titled Amrita Nidhi that provides lifetime pensions to destitute widows and to people who are physically and mentally challenged.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Mata Amritanandamayi Math Extends Help to Sivakasi Victims| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Amritanandamayi-Mutt-extends-financial-help-to-Sivakasi-victims/articleshow/16537937.cms
| work=The Times of India| location=Coimbatore|date=24 September 2012| access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, a total of 100,000 people were enrolled.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Mata Amritanandamayi Receives Doctorate From University of Mysore| url=http://www.uniindia.com/mata-amritanandamayi-receives-doctorate-from-university-of-mysore-vc/south/news/1537880.html |work=United News of India| location=Kollam|date=23 March 2019| access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/livelihood/|title=Lifetime Pensions For 100,000 Widows, People With Disabilities And Women in Poverty |author= |website=www.embracingtheworld.org |publisher=Embracing the World |access-date=1 July 2019|quote=Since 1998, we have provided monthly pensions for widows and other women in poverty. In 2006, the project was expanded to benefit the physically and mentally challenged and now serves a total of 100,000 beneficiaries. ... Recognizing that disability and/or the loss of a family member can consign those in the developing world to a lifetime of hardship, our pensions have no expiration date—they are given for life..}}</ref> It also started AmritaSREE (Self-Reliance, Empowerment & Employment) in 2006.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Faith Movements and Social Transformation: Guru Charisma in Contemporary India |last=Pandya |first=Samta P. |year=2019 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-13-2822-0 |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYN-DwAAQBAJ |access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref> This program has helped more than 200,000 women form [[Self-help group (finance)|self-help groups]] throughout India.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Man's Ego Is a Horse Without Reins| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/mans-ego-is-a-horse-without-reins/299663 |work=Outlook|date=22 December 2017| access-date=1 July 2019}}</ref>

===Education===
Amṛtānandamayī is founder and chancellor of [[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham|Amrita University]], an eight-campus,<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=NIRF Ranking 2023 Updates: List of best colleges, universities in India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/nirf-ranking-2023-live-updates-top-10-educational-institutes-released-iit-madras-iisc-bangalore-aiims-delhi-nirfindia-org-8644726/ |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> multi-disciplinary research university that in 2020 was ranked as the fourth-best university in India by [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]], is accredited with an 'A' grade by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]],<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=AVV Ranks 8th at NIRF | url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/avenues/avv-ranks-8th-at-nirf.html |work=The Daily Pioneer| date=11 April 2018| access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> and was selected as an "Institute of Eminence" by the Indian Government in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham among 13 to get IoE status| url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-stories/amrita-vishwa-vidyapeetham-among-13-to-get-ioe-status-751694.html |work=Deccan Herald| date=3 August 2019| access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> Under her guidance, the university puts a strong focus on research-and-development to uplift the sick and poor.<ref>{{cite news| last= Puri |first= Nikita |date= 22 September 2017| title= Meet Mata Amritanandamayi, Spiritual Guru And Pusher of Innovation |url= https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/meet-mata-amritanandamayi-spiritual-guru-and-pusher-of-innovation-117092201320_1.html |work=The Business Standard | access-date= 2 July 2019}}</ref> The Mata Amṛtānandamayī Math also runs a scholarship program that currently provides 50,000 scholarships for economically challenged children throughout India,<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=APN News |url=https://www.apnnews.com/spiritual-leader-amma-to-visit-mumbai-on-march-4-and-5/ |location=Mumbai |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> and Embracing the World provides scholarships outside of India in times of need, such as in the wake of [[Typhoon Haiyan]] in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Cyclone-Hit Filipino Students Graduate with Mata Aid |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/180518/cyclone-hit-filipino-students-graduate-with-mata-aid.html| work=The Deccan Chronicle| location=Kochi |date=18 May 2018| access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref>

===Disaster relief===
Within India, the Mata Amṛtānandamayī Math has been involved in relief-and-rehabilitation efforts following natural disasters since 2001,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramanathan |first1=Chathapuram S. |last2=Juvva |first2=Srilatha |last3=Dutta |first3=Subhabrata |last4=Khaja |first4=Khadija |date=7 October 2016 |title=Spirituality, Culture, and Development: Implications for Social Work| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSkiDQAAQBAJ&q=2001+disaster |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=36 |quote =Since 2001, Amritanandamayi Math has been responding to a number of natural disasters, providing both immediate emergency relief and implementing a long-term rehabilitation program...| isbn=978-1-4985-1967-0 }}</ref> and Embracing the World has come to aid in the wake of several disasters outside of India as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-amma-to-donate-2-mn-to-philippines-typhoon-haiyan-victims-1925333 |title=Amma to donate $2 mn to Philippines typhoon 'Haiyan' victims| author= |date=26 November 2013 |website=www.dnaindia.com |access-date=29 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/355296/india-based-group-donates-1m-to-yolanda-victims/story/|title=India-Based Group Donates $1M to Yolanda Victims |author= |date=3 April 2014 |website=GMA News Online |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mata-Amritanandamayi-donates-1-million-for-tsunami-victims-of-Japan/articleshow/9380636.cms|title=Mata Amritanandamayi Donates $1 Million for Tsunami Victims of Japan| author= |date=11 July 2011 |website=Times of India |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> Embracing the World has provided a total of $75 million in disaster-relief work since 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/ |title=What We've Achieved |website=www.embracingtheworld.org |access-date=29 June 2019 |quote=75 million in disaster relief since 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Indian spiritual leader, Amma, visits Denmark to give more hugs| url=http://cphpost.dk/news/indian-spiritual-leader-amma-visits-demark-to-give-more-hugs.html |work=CPH Post Online |location=Copenhagen |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> The disasters after which the Mata Amṛtānandamayī Math and Embracing the World have conducted relief-and-rehabilitation work include: the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramanathan |first1=Chathapuram S. |last2=Juvva |first2=Srilatha |last3=Dutta |first3=Subhabrata |last4=Khaja |first4=Khadija |date=7 October 2016 |title=Spirituality, Culture, and Development: Implications for Social Work| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSkiDQAAQBAJ&q=2001+disaster |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=36 |quote=Amma's reconstruction of three villages in Bhuj following the Gujarat earthquake of 2001 made a huge impact on the people of Bhuj...| isbn=978-1-4985-1967-0 }}</ref> the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Halpern |first=Jake|date=26 May 2013 |title=An Empire Built on Hugs|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/26/business/ammas-multifaceted-empire-built-on-hugs.html |work=The New York Times| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> [[Hurricane Katrina]] (2005),<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Amma Offers $1m for Katrina Victims| url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/amma-offers-1m-for-katrina-victims/articleshow/1241174.cms?from=mdr| work=The Economic Times| location=Kollam| date=24 September 2005| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> the [[2008 Bihar flood]],<ref name="Amritaswarupananda Puri 2014 60">{{cite book |last=Amritaswarupananda Puri |first=Swami|date=2014 |title=The Color of the Rainbow: Compassionate Leadership|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPm4BQAAQBAJ |publisher=M.A. Center|page=60 |isbn=978-1-68037-146-8}}</ref> the [[2005 Gujarat flood]],<ref name="Amritaswarupananda Puri 2014 60"/> the [[Maharashtra floods of 2005]],<ref name="Amritaswarupananda Puri 2014 60"/> [[Cyclone Aila]] of 2009,<ref name="Amritaswarupananda Puri 2014 60"/> the [[2010 Haiti Earthquake]],<ref>{{cite news | author=| title=Amma, Embracing the World| url=https://www.citylifemagazine.ca/2011/08/general-interest/lifestyle/amma-embracing-the-world/| work=City Life| date=12 August 2011 | access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami]],<ref>{{cite news| author= |title=Amritanandamayi Donates $1 Million to Japan Tsunami Victims| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amritanandamayi-donates-1-million-to-japan-tsunami-victims/article2293544.ece| work=The Hindu| location=Hyderabad| date=26 July 2011| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> the [[2013 North India floods]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Amritaswarupananda Puri |first=Swami |date=2014 |title=The Color of the Rainbow: Compassionate Leadership| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPm4BQAAQBAJ |publisher=M.A. Center| page=60 |isbn=978-1-68037-146-8}}</ref> [[Typhoon Haiyan]] in 2013,<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=$1-m Donated to Haiyan Victims| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/1-m-donated-to-Haiyan-victims/article20748238.ece| work=The Hindu Business Line| location=Thiruvananthapuram| date=3 April 2014| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> the [[2014 India–Pakistan floods]],<ref name="Amritaswarupananda Puri 2014 60"/> the [[May 2015 Nepal earthquake]],<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=AIMS to Send Relief Team to Nepal| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2015/may/01/aims-to-send-relief-team-to-nepal-754758.html| work=The New Indian Express| location=Kochi| date=1 May 2015| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> the [[2015 South Indian floods]],<ref name="Amritaswarupananda Puri 2014 60"/> the [[Puttingal temple fire]] of 2016,<ref>{{cite news | author=| title=Kollam Fire Tragedy: Ban Firecrackers in Temple Festivals, Says Mata Amritanandamayi| url=https://www.india.com/news/india/kollam-fire-tragedy-ban-firecrackers-in-temple-festivals-says-mata-amritanandamayi-1097348/ | work=India.com | location=Kollam| date=10 April 2016| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> [[Hurricane Maria]] of 2017,<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Quenching Thirst of Body and Soul: Amma Returns to New England June 28 & 29| url=https://indianewengland.com/2018/05/quenching-thirst-of-body-and-soul-amma-returns-to-new-england-june-28-29/| work=India New England| location=Marlborough, MA| date=24 May 2018| access-date=29 June 2019| archive-date=29 June 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629213909/https://indianewengland.com/2018/05/quenching-thirst-of-body-and-soul-amma-returns-to-new-england-june-28-29/| url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Cyclone Ockhi]] of 2017,<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Mata Amritanandamayi Math Donates Rs 2 Crore to Ockhi Fund| url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/mata-amritanandamayi-math-donates-rs-2-crore-to-ockhi-fund-118021200941_1.html| work=The Business Standard| location=Thiruvananthapuram| date=12 February 2018| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> the [[2018 Kerala floods]],<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Mata Amritanandamayi Announces Rs 10 Crore for Chief Minister's Disaster Relief Fund| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/aug/17/mata-amritanandamayi-announces-rs-10-crore-for-chief-ministers-disaster-relief-fund-1858826.html| work=The New Indian Express| location=Thiruvananthapuram| date=17 August 2018| access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> and the [[2019 Kerala floods]].<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Kerala rains: Amritanandamayi Mutt announces Rs 1 lakh to kin of dead| url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/08/16/kerala-rains-amritanandamayi-mutt-announces-rs-1-lakh-to-kin-of-dead.html| work=The Week| location=Kerala| date=16 August 2019| access-date=18 August 2019}}</ref> In 2019, the Math gave Rs. 500,000 to each of the families of the 40 CRPF soldiers who were killed in the [[2019 Pulwama attack]].<ref>{{cite news| author=| title=Can't Rule Out Terror Hit on West Coast: Rajnath Singh| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cant-rule-out-terror-hit-on-west-coast-rajnath-singh/articleshow/71343722.cms| work=The Times of India| location=Kollam| date=28 September 2019| access-date=5 October 2019}}</ref>

===Environmental protection===
On 11 September 2015, Amṛtānandamayī donated US$15 million to the Government of India's Namami Gange "Clean the Ganges" program for the specific purpose of constructing toilets for poor families living along the Ganges River.<ref>{{cite news|title=Can $15m worth of toilets finally clean up the Ganges?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/sep/11/india-amma-15-million-dollars-toilets-open-defecation-clean-ganges|access-date=1 October 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> On 27 September 2015, Amṛtānandamayī pledged that her NGO would dedicate the value of another US$15 million to toilet construction and other sanitation efforts specifically in the Indian state of Kerala.<ref>{{cite news|last1=PTI|title=Mata Amritanandamayi Pledges RS Crore for sanitation work in Kerala|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mata-amritanandamayi-math-pledges-rs-100-crore-for-sanitation-work-in-kerala/articleshow/49126096.cms|access-date=1 October 2015|work=The Economic Times}}</ref> Amritanandamayi's organization has been cleaning the [[Pampa River]] and [[Sabarimala]] [[Kerala]] Temple pilgrimage site annually since 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=35,000 bags of garbage collected in Sabarimala clean-up|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/35000-bags-of-garbage-collected-in-sabarimala-clean-up-524154.html|access-date=1 October 2015|website=IBN Live|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094608/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/35000-bags-of-garbage-collected-in-sabarimala-clean-up-524154.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Amritanandamayi Madhom to clean up Sabarimala|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/amritanandamayi-madhom-to-clean-up-sabarimala/article6536744.ece|access-date=1 October 2015|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Amritanandamayi math to take part in cleanliness|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article239673.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003123029/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article239673.ece|archive-date=3 October 2015|access-date=2 October 2015|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sabarimala clean-up: 35,000 bags of garbage collected|url=http://www.ndtv.com/south/sabarimala-clean-up-35-000-bags-of-garbage-collected-505984|access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>

==Controversies==

===Book by Sreeni Pattathanam===
[[Sreeni Pattathanam]], the Kerala-based head of the [[Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations|Indian Rationalist Association]], wrote ''Matha Amritanandamayi: Sacred Stories and Realities'', a controversial critique first published in 1985. The author said all the "miracles" of Amṛtānandamayī were falsified. It was further written that there had been many suspicious deaths in and around her ashram that required police investigation.<ref>Mass Publicationas, Kollam, Kerala, revised edn. (The [[Malayalam language]] subtitle is "Divya Kathakalum Yatharthyavum".)</ref>

On 9 August 2002, a ''[[Deshabhimani]]'', a left-leaning Malayalam daily, published a similar account, demanding investigation into the same deaths Pattathanam found suspicious.<ref>"Report that Suspicious Deaths at Amritanandamayi Math Are Growing", ''Deshabhimani'', 9 August 2002.</ref> On 24 September 2002, ''Deshabhimani'' officially apologised for the report, publishing an article titled "Report that Suspicious Deaths at Amritanandamayi Math Are Growing Was Incorrect". The article stated: "We now state with conviction that there was nothing suspicious about deaths that happened in the Math. Some of the deaths mentioned in the article did not even take place at the Math." The article went on to explain that relatives of the deceased had personally contacted Deshabhimani in order to correct the misinformation conveyed in the original article. In several cases, the editors noted the relatives had contacted Deshabhimani to explain they were at the bedsides of elderly kin who had died of natural causes, with no suspicious aspects regarding the passings.<ref>"Report that Suspicious Deaths at Amritanandamayi Math Are Growing Was Incorrect", ''Deshabhimani'', 24 September 2002, p. 6.</ref>

In 2004, the Kerala State Government sanctioned criminal prosecution of Patthathanam, the owner of the publishing company, and the printer of the book on grounds that religious sentiments had been offended and for the libelous statements in the book. The order followed directions from the [[Kerala High Court]] to the Home Department for considering an application by T. K. Ajan, a resident of the Mata Amṛtānandamayī Math.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hindu.com/2004/01/28/stories/2004012805950400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040218183723/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/28/stories/2004012805950400.htm |archive-date=18 February 2004 |title=Rationalist association leader to be prosecuted |date= 28 January 2004|access-date=15 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] leader [[Thengamam Balakrishnan]] protested the move against Pattathanam.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/29/stories/2004012902660300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604114355/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/29/stories/2004012902660300.htm |archive-date=4 June 2004 |title=Move to prosecute rationalist leader criticised |date=29 January 2004 |access-date=15 August 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> The contents of this book in English: {{Cite book |url=https://nastiknation.org/product/mata-amritanandamayi-the-death-of-her-own-brother-and-other-mysterious-stories/|title=Mata Amritanandamayi & Mysterious Stories|date=4 October 2020 }}

===Source of foreign aid===

In June 2007, Shantanu Guha Ray wrote in ''[[Tehelka]]'' weekly that Amṛtānandamayī Math, Ravi Shankar, Baba [[Ramdev]], and other NGOs and religious organisations had large annual turnover of INR crores.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main31.asp?filename=Ne300607Business_Of_the.asp |title=The People's Paper |publisher=Tehelka |date=30 June 2007 |access-date=15 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419104750/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main31.asp?filename=Ne300607Business_Of_the.asp |archive-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> In June 2007, novelist [[Paul Zacharia]] wrote on Tehelka that Amṛtānandamayī is free from the typical scrutiny on money that has foreign connections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main31.asp?filename=Ne300607The_Lakshmi.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117204715/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main31.asp?filename=Ne300607The_Lakshmi.asp|archive-date=17 January 2008|title=Tehelka – The People's Paper|work=tehelka.com}}</ref> In May 2008, the president of [[Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham]], U. Kalanathan, urged the state government to conduct an enquiry into Amṛtānandamayī's assets. He said the sources of her income and its utilisation should be investigated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalam.webdunia.com/newsworld/news/keralanews/0805/22/1080522060_1.htm |title=News, What's happening in kerala |publisher=Malayalam.webdunia.com |access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref>

===Allegations by Gail Tredwell===
In 2013, [[Gail Tredwell]], a former disciple of Amṛtānandamayī, self-published a memoir of her 1980–99 tenure in Amṛtānandamayī's ashram. She made some allegations in this memoir as well as media interviews which preceded and followed the release of the book.<ref name="RS2"/><ref name=TNIE1>{{cite news|title=Withdraw Controversial Book on Mata Amritanandamayi|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Withdraw-Controversial-Book-on-Mata-Amritanandamayi/2014/02/25/article2075923.ece#.UxWPiduNm_8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302103532/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Withdraw-Controversial-Book-on-Mata-Amritanandamayi/2014/02/25/article2075923.ece#.UxWPiduNm_8|archive-date=2 March 2014|access-date=26 March 2014|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=FP1>{{cite news|title=Amritanandamayi scandal: Kerala leaders break silence on book|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/amritanandamayi-scandal-kerala-leaders-break-silence-on-book-1403999.html|access-date=26 March 2014|newspaper=Firstpost India|date=22 February 2014}}</ref> The allegations, including the claim that Tredwell was physically assaulted by Amṛtānandamayī, have not been substantiated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rumpus in the ashram|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140302/jsp/7days/18036887.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305032330/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140302/jsp/7days/18036887.jsp|archive-date=5 March 2014|access-date=26 April 2014}}</ref> Both Amṛtānandamayī and representatives of her ashram denied the allegations, saying that they were untrue and were aimed at exacting revenge for unfulfilled desires.<ref name=TNIE3>{{cite news|title=Mata Amritanandamayi Refutes All Allegations|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Mata-Amritanandamayi-Refutes-All-Allegations/2014/02/23/article2072630.ece#.U0X9VPmSy0I|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517140326/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Mata-Amritanandamayi-Refutes-All-Allegations/2014/02/23/article2072630.ece#.U0X9VPmSy0I|archive-date=17 May 2014|access-date=13 April 2014|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=TH3>{{cite news|title=My life is an open book, says Mata|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/my-life-is-an-open-book-says-mata/article5718308.ece|access-date=13 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=IBN1>{{cite news|title=Mata Amritanandamayi says the institution was an 'open book', dismisses allegations|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mata-amritanandamayi-says-the-institution-was-an-open-book-dismisses-allegations/453704-62-126.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301110757/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mata-amritanandamayi-says-the-institution-was-an-open-book-dismisses-allegations/453704-62-126.html|archive-date=1 March 2014|access-date=13 April 2014|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN|IBN]]}}</ref> In an interview in April 2014, Amṛtānandamayī spoke in depth about the incident, saying, "Even now, Amma is only filled with love for that daughter. I am praying that virtue and goodness come. Time will shine forth the truth."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Raghunath|first= Rashmi |title=Sneham Matram|journal=Grihalakshmi|date=16 April 2014|page=21|quote=അമ്മയ്ക്ക് ആ മോളോട് ഇപ്പോഴും നിറഞ്ഞ സ്നേഹമേയുള്ളൂ. നന്മയുണ്ടാകട്ടെ, നല്ലതുവരട്ടെ എന്നു പ്രാർത്ഥിക്കുന്നു. കാലം സത്യം തെളിയിക്കും.}}</ref>

==Attacks==
In August 2005, Amṛtānandamayī was attacked by a man named Pavithran. He was sitting with other followers praying and singing in front of Amṛtānandamayī. He rushed to Amṛtānandamayī with a knife, but was overpowered by a group of disciples. Amṛtānandamayī's disciple Swami Amritaswarupananda Puri said Pavithran was of "unstable mind".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/21mata.htm |title=Amritanandamayi unhurt in attack |work=Rediff.com |access-date=8 August 2012}}</ref> Pavithran was bruised and taken to a hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/assault-attempt-on-kerala-preacher/cid/860758|title=Assault attempt on Kerala preacher|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=18 October 2018}}</ref> Amritanandamayi, who forgave Pavithran,<ref name="Padanna">{{cite web|title=Mata Forgives Attacker; disciples see larger design|last=Padanna|first=Ashraf|url=http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/articlearc.asp?AID=46035&Section=Asia|publisher=Gulf Today|access-date=3 September 2012|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195215/http://www.godubai.com/gulftoday/articlearc.asp?AID=46035&Section=Asia}}</ref> said, "All those who are born will die one day. I am going ahead keeping this reality in mind. I will carry on. I will continue to give darshan to the devotees coming here to meet me."<ref>{{cite web|title=Amritanandamayi unfazed by attack, to continue with darshan|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/aug/22mata.htm|access-date=3 September 2012}}</ref>

On 1 August 2012, [[Satnam Singh Mann]], a 23-year-old law student from [[Bihar]], charged Amṛtānandamayī at her ashram in [[Kollam]]. According to police, he was screaming and reciting words in Arabic. He was overpowered by the crowd, who handed him over to the police.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Devasia |first1=T. K. |title=Kerala orders Crime Branch probe into Bihar youth's death |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20120807/ARTICLE/308079931/1028 |access-date=20 January 2019 |work=Khaleej Times |date=7 August 2012 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114041350/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20120807/ARTICLE/308079931/1028 }}</ref> He was later taken to the government mental hospital in [[Peroorkada]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], where he died three days later.

==Awards and honours==
* 1993, President of the Centenary Parliament of World Religions' ([[Parliament of the World's Religions]])<ref name=r1>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3136524.stm South Asia | Devotees flock to hug Indian guru]. BBC News (24 September 2003). Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 1993, Hindu Renaissance Award as "Hindu of the Year" (''Hinduism Today'')<ref>[http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1098] Hinduism Today, 1993 Year in Review</ref>
* 1998, Care & Share International Humanitarian of the Year Award (Chicago){{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
* 2002, Karma Yogi of the Year (''Yoga Journal'')<ref>Catalfo, Phil. (10 September 2001) [http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/804?print=1 The 2002 Karma Yoga Awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323021349/http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/804?print=1 |date=23 March 2012 }}. Yoga Journal. Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 2002, [[Gandhi-King Award]] for Non-Violence by The World Movement for Nonviolence (UN, Geneva)<ref>[http://www.millenniumpeacesummit.com/wc_awards.html The World Council of Religious Leaders] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523092656/http://www.millenniumpeacesummit.com/wc_awards.html |date=23 May 2010 }}. Millenniumpeacesummit.com (4 April 2000). Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref><ref name="geneva2002">The future of this planet depends on the women (Gandhi-King United Nations 2002)</ref>
* 2005, Mahavir Mahatma Award (London)<ref>[http://www.nonduality.com/news_archive_may_2005.htm Home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714194504/http://www.nonduality.com/news_archive_may_2005.htm |date=14 July 2011 }}. Nonduality.com. Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 2005, Centenary Legendary Award of the International Rotarians (Cochin)<ref>http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/xpress/2005/02/page/2/ {{dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref>
* 2006, [[James Parks Morton]] Interfaith Award (New York)<ref name="Interfaith">[http://interfaithcenter.org/james-parks-morton-interfaith-award-recipients ICNY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828002913/http://interfaithcenter.org/james-parks-morton-interfaith-award-recipients |date=28 August 2011 }}. Interfaithcenter.org. Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 2006, The Philosopher Saint Sri Jnaneswara World Peace Prize (Pune)<ref>[http://archives.amritapuri.org/news/2006/601viswasanthi.php Amma Awarded Sant Jnaneshwara World Peace Prize @ Amritapuri.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100508191638/http://archives.amritapuri.org/news/2006/601viswasanthi.php |date=8 May 2010 }}. Archives.amritapuri.org (31 January 2006). Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 2007, Le Prix Cinéma Vérité (Cinéma Vérité, Paris)<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7043185.stm Entertainment | Film award honours 'hug guru']. BBC News (13 October 2007). Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 2010, The [[State University of New York]] awarded Amma an [[honorary doctorate]] in humane letters on 25 May 2010 at its [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|Buffalo]] campus.<ref>[http://www.buffalo.edu/news/11390 International Humanitarian Amma Receives SUNY Honorary Degree at UB – UB NewsCenter]. Buffalo.edu (26 May 2010). Retrieved on 24 June 2011.</ref>
* 2012, Amma featured in the [[Watkins Books|Watkins]]' list of the top 100 most spiritually influential living people in the world.<ref name="watkins2012">[http://www.watkinsbooks.com/review/watkins-spiritual-100-list-2012 Watkins' Spiritual 100 List for 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603182037/http://www.watkinsbooks.com/review/watkins-spiritual-100-list-2012 |date=3 June 2013 }}, ''Mind Body Spirit'', Feb 2012</ref>
* 2013, Awarded first Vishwaretna Purskar (Gem of the Word Award) by Hindu Parliament on 23 April 2013 at Thiruvananthapuram (India)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amritapuri.org/16442/13viswa.aum|title=Vishwaretna puraskar presented to Amma by Hindu Parliament|work=amritapuri.org|date=24 April 2013}}</ref>
* 2013, Awarded proclamation on behalf of the State of Michigan to Amma commemorating Amma's 60th birthday, the official proclamation describes Amma as a true citizen of the world and recognizes Amma's charitable works worldwide.
*2014, Chosen as one among the 50 most powerful women religious leaders by [[The Huffington Post]].<ref name=Huffpost>{{cite news|title=50 Powerful Women Religious Leaders To Celebrate on International Women's Day|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/08/women-religious-leaders_n_4922118.html|access-date=9 March 2014|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=8 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309163755/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/08/women-religious-leaders_n_4922118.html|archive-date=9 March 2014|first=Antonia|last=Blumberg}}</ref>
* In 2014, Mata Amritanandamayi had refused to accept the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of India|Padma awards]] of 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-12 |title=Ramdev not considered for Padma award, RTI reveals |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Ramdev-not-considered-for-Padma-award-RTI-reveals/article60164429.ece |access-date=2025-01-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-12 |title=Ramdev was not considered for Padma awards: RTI response |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ramdev-was-not-considered-for-padma-awards-rti-response/articleshow/47246766.cms |access-date=2025-01-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* 2018, Felicitated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] for largest contribution to the Government of India's Clean India Campaign [[Swachh Bharat Mission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/oct/03/mata-amritanandamayi-felicitated-by-pm-narendra-modi-for-her-support-to-swachh-bharat-1880300.html|title=Mata Amritanandamayi felicitated by PM Narendra Modi for her support to Swachh Bharat|work=New Indian Express, 3 October 2018|date=3 October 2018 }}</ref>
* 2019, Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Mysore<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/amritanandamayi-gets-honorary-doctorate-from-mysore-varsity/articleshow/68548432.cms]. The Times of India. Retrieved on 20 June 2019.</ref>
* 2023, Chair, Civil 20, an official Engagement Groups of the [[G20]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 October 2022 |title=Mata Amritanandamayi appointed chair of Civil 20 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/mata-amritanandamayi-appointed-chair-of-civil-20/articleshow/95122619.cms |access-date=27 April 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2022 |title=Mata Amritanandamayi appointed as Chair of C20 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mata-amritanandamayi-appointed-as-chair-of-c20/article66053482.ece |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Positions==
* Founder and chairperson, [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math|Mata Amṛtānandamayī Math]]
* Founder, Embracing the World<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embracingtheworld.org/who-we-are/ |title=Who we are |publisher=Embracing the World |access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref>
* Chancellor, [[Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham]] University<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amrita.edu/amma |title=About Amma |publisher=Amrita.edu |access-date=15 August 2012}}</ref>
* Founder, [[Amrita Vidyalayam]] schools
* Founder, [[Amrita Hospital (disambiguation)|Amrita Hospitals]] (Kochi & Faridabad)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aimshospital.org/ |title=Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre | AIMS Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India |publisher=Aimshospital.org |access-date=15 August 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018204719/http://aimshospital.org/ |archive-date=18 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amrita Hospital Faridabad Doctors Shine In Stanford s 2023 Top 2 Scientists List |url=https://bwhealthcareworld.businessworld.in/article/Amrita-Hospital-Faridabad-Doctors-Shine-In-Stanford-s-2023-Top-2-Scientists-List/22-12-2023-503218 |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=BW Defence |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Parliament of the World's Religions]], International Advisory committee member<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofreligions.org/index.cfm?n=1&sn=8 |title=ABOUT US / Honorary International Advisors | Council for a Parliament of the World's Religions |publisher=Parliamentofreligions.org |access-date=15 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628173411/http://www.parliamentofreligions.org/index.cfm?n=1&sn=8 |archive-date=28 June 2012 }}</ref>
* President [[Swami Vivekananda]]'s 150th birth anniversary celebration committee, India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vivekananda150jayanti.org/sites/default/files/11th%20at%20Siri%20Fort%20Auditorium.pdf |title=Истёк срок регистрации доменаrucracida1987.xyz |access-date=9 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205437/http://www.vivekananda150jayanti.org/sites/default/files/11th%20at%20Siri%20Fort%20Auditorium.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
* Member, [[Elijah Interfaith Institute]] Board of World Religious Leaders<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elijah-interfaith.org/index.php?id=797|title=Elijah Interfaith: Board of World Religious Leaders|author=Alon Goshen-Gottstein, PhD|date=22 May 2007|work=elijah-interfaith.org}}</ref>
* Chairperson,[[g20|Civil 20]] (engagement group of [[List of G20 summits|G20 India]]) 2022–2023<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mata-amritanandamayi-appointed-as-chair-of-c20/article66053482.ece|author=Alon THE HINDU BUREAU|title=Mata Amritanandamayi appointed as Chair of C20 |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 October 2022}}</ref>

==Publications and documentaries==
Amṛtānandamayī's disciples have transcribed her conversations with devotees and spiritual seekers to create approximately a dozen books of her teachings known as ''Awaken Children''. The addresses she has delivered at various international forums have also been published in book form. Beginning in April 2011, a bi-weekly message from Amṛtānandamayī has appeared in the Lifestyle section of the ''Express Buzz'' Sunday supplement of the ''[[New Indian Express]]'' newspaper. She also writes a regular blog in the spiritual publication ''[[The Speaking Tree]]''.

She has been featured in various documentaries and films:
* 1999 ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEEGpLWjjsw River of Love: A Documentary Drama on the Life of Ammachi]''
* 2000 ''[[Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends]]'' – "Indian Gurus" (BBC-TV)
* 2005 ''Darshan: The Embrace'' – directed by [[Jan Kounen]]
* 2007 ''In God's Name'' – directed by [[Jules and Gédéon Naudet]]
*2015 ''[[Un plus une]] – directed by [[Claude Lelouch]] starring [[Jean Dujardin]] and [[Elsa Zylberstein]]''
* 2016 ''Science of Compassion – a Documentary on Amma, Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi'' — directed by [[Shekhar Kapur]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Science of Compassion - a Documentary on Amma, Sri Mata Amritanandamayi Devi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsxZI0PBl_A |website=YouTube | date=26 May 2016 |publisher=Shekhar Kapur}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Amrita movement]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*''Amma: Healing the Heart of the World'' by Judith Cornell, (William Morrow & Company, {{ISBN|0-688-17079-X}})
*''Messages from Amma: In the Language of the Heart'' by [[Janine Canan]] (Ten Speed Press, {{ISBN|1-58761-214-3}})
*''Getting to Joy: A Western Householder's Spiritual Journey with Amma (Mata Amritanandamayi)'' by [[Karuna Poole]] (Shantini Center, {{ISBN|0-9643629-2-9}})

== Further reading ==

*{{cite book|isbn=978-0-520-28113-4 |last= Lucia |first = Amanda |author-link=Amanda Lucia |title = Reflections of Amma: Devotees in a Global Embrace |location = Berkeley, CA | publisher = University of California Press | date = 2014|title-link= Reflections of Amma: Devotees in a Global Embrace}} An ethnographic account of North American devotees, from an academic perspective.
*{{cite book|isbn=978-0-415-33988-9|last= Warrier |first = Maya|title = Hindu Selves in a Modern World |location = London | publisher = Routledge Curzon | date = 2005|title-link= Hindu Selves in a Modern World }} An analytical treatment of the movement, from an academic perspective.

==External links==

{{commons category|Mata Amritanandamayi}}{{wikiquote}}{{wikiversity|Yoga oracle#96. Mata Amritanandamayi}}

* {{official website|http://www.amritapuri.org/}}
* [http://www.embracingtheworld.org/ Embracing the World]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Amritanandamayi, Mata}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century Hindu female religious leaders]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu female religious leaders]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Hindu female religious leaders]]
[[Category:Deified women]]
[[Category:Bhajan singers]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]
[[Category:Illeists]]
[[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Social workers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Women educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Educators from Kerala]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kerala]]
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[[Category:The Speaking Tree writers]]

Ram Chander (MVC)

2026-03-19T07:07:17Z

PGPS: Created Entry

{{Short description|Recipient of Mahavir Chakra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Ram Chander
| honorific_suffix = [[Mahavir Chakra|MVC]]
| birth_date = 1921
| death_date = 1998
| birth_place = [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[India]]
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| image = Ram Chander MVC.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{ubl|{{Flag|British India}}|{{flagicon|India}} [[Dominion of India]] |{{flagicon|India}}[[India]]}}
| branch = {{ubl|{{army|British India}}| [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]}}
| serviceyears = May 1947 - Unknown
| rank = Acting (Civilian military rank) [[Indian Army]]
| commands =
| unit =
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
| awards = [[File:Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg|25px]] [[Maha Vir Chakra]]
| laterwork =
}}
'''Dhobi Ram Chander,''' [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]] was a civilian who was awarded the [[Mahavir Chakra]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]. He is one of only two civilians to have been awarded the Mahavir Chakra.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/decorated-washerman-waited-for-promised-land-till-his-last-breath/205641.html |title=Decorated washerman waited for promised land till his last breath |newspaper=The Tribune |date=7 March 2016 |author=Vijay Mohan |archive-date=10 November 2017 |access-date=14 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110005208/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/community/decorated-washerman-waited-for-promised-land-till-his-last-breath/205641.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzizVBSb4YsC&dq=ram+chander&pg=PA295|title=Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners|last=Chakravorty|first=B.|date=1995|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170235163|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/ram-chander|title=Ram Chander {{!}} Gallantry Awards|website=gallantryawards.gov.in|access-date=2017-12-14}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Chander was born in 1921 in Kot Kishan Chand, [[Jalandhar]], Punjab to Faqir Chand.<ref name=":1" />

== Military career ==
Chander joined the 14 Field Company Engineers of the Madras Engineering Group of the Indian Army in May 1947. He was a civilian in the Indian Army and a washer-man ([[dhobi]]) by profession.<ref name=":1" />

He was part of a convoy proceeding to Jammu under the command of Lt F D W Fallon on 18 December 1947. When the convoy reached [[Bhambla]], it was ambushed by the enemy who had created a roadblock by removing the decking on a bridge. He helped the convoy commander replace the decking while the bridge was under continuous fire. On Lt. Fallon being wounded, he took the officer’s rifle and helped in holding the enemy at bay and was responsible for inflicting five to six casualties on the enemy. He later helped Lt Fallon to get to the nearest post which was 13 km away.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Death ==
Chander died in 1998.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chander, Ram}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel]]

Abar Proloy

2026-03-15T14:48:05Z

PGPS: Refined content and updated sections

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Abar Proloy.jpg
| caption =
| genre = Crime thriller
| creator =
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer = [[Raj Chakraborty]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = Raj Chakraborty
| creative_director = Sohini Dasgupta
| presenter =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Saswata Chatterjee]]
*[[Paran Bandopadhyay]]
*Debasish Mondal
*[[Ritwick Chakraborty]]
*[[Gaurav Chakrabarty]]
*[[Koushani Mukherjee]]
*[[June Maliah]]
*[[Sohini Sengupta]]
}}
| narrator =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer = Amit Chatterjee
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 18
| list_episodes = #Episode list
| executive_producer = Mimeo Hhazra
| producer = Subhashree Ganguly
Raj Chakraborty
| editor = Md. Kalam
| location =
| cinematography = Manas Ganguly
| camera =
| runtime =
| company = Raj Chakraborty Entertainment
| channel = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Start date|2023|08|11}} (season 1)
| released2 = {{Start date|2026|02|27}} (season 2)
| related =
}}
'''''Abar Proloy''''' ({{Translation|Doomsday Again}}) is a 2023 [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[action thriller]] web series written and directed by [[Raj Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=রাত ২টো ৪১! রাজ চক্রবর্তীর সেটে ‘সাদা-কালা..’ গেয়ে ‘হাওয়া’ গরম করলেন নুসরত |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/nusraat-faria-at-raj-chakrabortys-abar-proloy-set-sang-sada-sada-kala-kala-550791/ |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Indian Express Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> and produced by Raj Chakraborty Entertainment and [[Subhashree Ganguly]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=Anindita |date=2022-12-16 |title=Raj Chakraborty Announces 'Abar Proloy' With Saswata & Saayoni |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/features/raj-chakraborty-announces-abar-proloy-with-saswata-saayoni-502419 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref> The show features an ensemble cast including [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], [[Saswata Chatterjee]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abar Proloy Teaser: আসছে 'আবার প্রলয়', টিজারমুক্তির দিনক্ষণ জানালেন পরিচালক |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/entertainment/movie/abar-proloy-teaser-release-date-is-out-now/wb20230629181623207207429 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=bn}}</ref> [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], [[June Maliah]], [[Koushani Mukherjee]], [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]], [[Sohini Sengupta]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-07-03 |title=First glimpse of Raj Chakraborty’s debut web series ‘Abar Proloy’ receives a mixed response |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/first-glimpse-of-raj-chakrabortys-debut-web-series-abar-proloy-receives-a-mixed-response/articleshow/101451688.cms |access-date=2023-07-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ডেস্ক |first=আনন্দবাজার অনলাইন |title=তামিল ছেড়ে এ বার হিন্দির ‘কপি’! ‘আবার প্রলয়’-এর ঝলক দেখে রাজের সমালোচনায় রাহুল |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/actor-rahul-arunoday-banerjee-criticises-tollywood-director-raj-chakraborty-after-releasing-his-fist-web-series-abar-proloys-teaser-dgtl/cid/1441756 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |language=bn}}</ref> The series serves as a spin-off of the 2013 film ''[[Proloy (film)|Proloy]].'' The first season was released on the [[ZEE5]] OTT platform on 11 August 2023,''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-16 |title=Director Raj Chakraborty starts shooting for ‘Abar Proloy’ |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/director-raj-chakraborty-starts-shooting-for-abar-proloy/articleshow/97018892.cms |access-date=2023-07-12 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>'' followed by a second season released on 27 February 2026.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Abar Proloy Season 2 OTT release: Saswata Chatterjee returns as supercop Animesh Dutta for new crime thriller adventure |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/abar-proloy-season-2-ott-release-saswata-chatterjee-returns-as-supercop-animesh-dutta-for-new-crime-thriller-adventure/76cb770786973 |access-date=2026-02-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==

=== Season 1 ===
The story of ''Abar Proloy'' is set in the [[Sundarbans|Sundarban]] forest in [[West Bengal]] part. The story starts in 2004, revolving around a critical problem arising in the Sundarban where a group of teenage boys manipulate young girls and women by luring them into a trap of love. The gang subsequently traffics the women to other states, leading to a surge in [[Human trafficking|women trafficking]] in Sundarban. In response to this issue, special crime branch officer Animesh Datta, portrayed by [[Saswata Chatterjee]], takes on the responsibility of rescuing the trapped girls and putting an end to the violence.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dev, Rukmini and Srijit come together for a mystery project |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/social/dev-srijit-mukherji-and-rukmini-maitra-join-hands-for-2024-project/cid/1950770 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

=== Season 2 ===
The second season shifts the setting to the urban landscape of [[Kolkata]]. The narrative focuses on Animesh Datta investigating a series of high-profile gold heists executed by a criminal syndicate. The perpetrators leave a signature known as Netaji's Salute at the crime scenes, leading to an investigation into a wider conspiracy involving political corruption.

== Cast ==

* [[Saswata Chatterjee]] as Animesh Dutta,<ref name=":1" /> Officer of Special Crime Branch
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as Binod Behari Dutta, a retired schoolteacher (Extended cameo)
* [[Ritwick Chakraborty]] as Shombhu Baba / Haru Bag
* [[Koushani Mukherjee]] as Mohini Maa / Moni
* [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]] as Kanu Kole
* [[Partha Bhowmick]] as Ashim Karali, OC of Sundarban
* [[Sohini Sengupta]] as Constable Madhabi Mahato, Constable of Sundarban
* [[Saayoni Ghosh]] as Shampa Mondal
* [[Nusrat Faria]] in a special appearance in the song "Menoka"
* [[June Maliah]] as Indrani Dutta, Animesh's wife
* [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Animesh's father-in-law
* Debasish Mondal as Bitan Bose, Animesh's assistant and junior officer, Bhavani Bhavan
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Ganesh Das, OC of Ranaghat
* Rohan Bhattacharya as Badal Maharana, OC of Ranigunj
* [[Sauraseni Maitra]] as Damayanti Ghosh, SI of Barrackpore
* [[Faiz Khan]] as Minister Nirjhar Singh
* [[Anoushka Pant]] as ADGP Geeta Bharadwaj
* [[Srikanto Manna]] as IG
* [[Debjani Singha]] as Sumana Singha Roy, DGP
* [[Om Sahani]] as Ravi Sardar
* [[Sumeet Thakur]] as Raju Chowdhury
* [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] in a special appearance
* [[Subhashree Ganguly]] as Subhashini Joardar, SP of Baruipur
* Debnath Chatterjee as Siddhartha Ghosh, Damayanti's brother
* Anirban Bhattacharya as Dayananda Khara, Jailor of Dumdum Central Jail
* Soham Chakraborty as Barun Dutta, Animesh's son
* Anujoy Chattopadhyay as Pullu Gupta
* Loknath Dey as Paritosh Sarkar
* Biswajit Sarkar as Abbas Khan, local doon of Malda
* Narayan Goswami as Ansari, ACP of Malda
* Samm Bhattacharya as Zishan Razi/Sagar (fake name)
* Alexandra Taylor as Britney
* Pushan Dasgupta as young Haru
* Debmalya Gupta as young Kanu
* Beas Dhar as young Moni
* Shahir Raj as Jack
* Arya Dasgupta as Rubel
* Samiul Alam as Pintu Mondal
* Shyamashis Pahari as inspector at Sundarban
* Amlan Mazumdar as inspector at Sundarban

== Episode list ==

=== Season 1 ===
{{Episode table|overall=|title=|director=|writer=|airdate=|country=India|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Kewda
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The authorities accidentally rescue a group of minor girls from being trafficked. They send Animesh Dutta, a rogue special crime branch officer, to the Sundarbans to bust the women trafficking racket.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Hujjati
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = In the Sundarbans, Animesh is currently rescuing a teenage girl named Dugga from being trafficked. He rushes her to the hospital for help. Meanwhile, the Hujja boys, following their boss's orders, are devising a plan to teach the new officer a lesson.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Hello Baba
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Animesh goes to the ashram led by the seer Shambhu Baba and his partner Mohini Ma, who is quite attractive. At the same time, Dutta is plotting an attack on the Hujja boys, and there's also a new girl who has disappeared.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Ispecial Dutta in Danger
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When they discover one of the Hujja boys hanging from a tree, the gang suspects Animesh of the murder. Meanwhile, a nurse at the hospital finds out that her brother, Pintu, is a Hujja member and is linked to human trafficking.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Mar Gariyechhe
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Animesh uncovers Kanu as the ruthless mastermind behind the operation. As the Hujja boys abduct Dugga from the hospital, an unknown individual beats them up and saves Dugga. Animesh is taken aback when he learns the true identity of the person who came to the rescue.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Kan Tanle Kanu
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Animesh discovers that Kanu has a history as a feared criminal. He has a conversation with the detective who apprehended Kanu. Within the Ashram's premises, Shampa admits to Baba that Pintu is associated with the Hujja. Tragically, Parul's lifeless body is discovered.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Shire Sangkraanti
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Binod Bihari accompanies Animesh to meet Malati, a survivor of trafficking who bears similar facial injuries as Parul. When asked about her own ordeal, Malati becomes emotional and utters the word 'hyena'. Meanwhile, a situation involving Swamprabha intensifies as it turns into a fire.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Khela Hobe
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shampa and Pintu mysteriously disappear. Animesh organizes a search operation for Kanu, Pintu, and the rest of the Hujja group. While the police successfully apprehend one of the Hujja boys, Animesh comes across a crucial piece of information regarding Kanu.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Pain Maraben Naa
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Animesh and his team venture to the eerie meadow but discover no evidence. During the interrogation of Poritosh and Kanu, Kanu shifts the blame onto Poritosh, accusing him of betraying and murdering Ratan. In a surprising turn of events, Kanu escapes from custody.
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Dhor Betake, Mar Salake
|DirectedBy = Raj Chakraborty
|WrittenBy = Raj Chakraborty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Animesh leads his team to the haunted meadow and successfully locates both Shampa and Pintu. In a significant breakthrough, they manage to apprehend the culprit responsible for the events.
}}
}}

== Production ==
''Abar Proloy'' was produced by Raj Chakraborty Entertainment and [[Subhashree Ganguly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abar Proloy: Rahul takes a jibe at Raj about Ritwick Chakraborty’s look |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/abar-proloy-rahul-takes-a-jibe-at-raj-chakraborty-about-ritwick-chakrabortys-look/7d214595b2385 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ঝড় আসছে, সবাই বাড়ি যান প্লিজ...! সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় শুভশ্রীর পোস্টে জল্পনা |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/subhashree-ganguly-social-media-post-on-raj-chakraborty-web-series-abar-proloy/articleshow/101366894.cms |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Eisamay |language=bn}}</ref> The series was directed by Raj Chakraborty,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-30 |title=Tollywood Inside: 'আজকেই ঝড় আসবে...', সন্ধে ছ'টায় কোন পূর্বাভাসের কথা জানালেন রাজ? |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/ott/raj-chakraborty-shared-a-new-update-on-abar-proloy-849190.html |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> known for his work in the Bengali film industry. [[Raj Chakraborty]] wrote the screenplay for the series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=বিধায়ক রাজের সিরিজে অভিনয় রাজ্যের মন্ত্রীর! তাবড় তারকাদের টেক্কা দিতে নয়া চমক |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/minister-partha-bhowmick-may-act-in-raj-chakrabortys-abar-proloy-sank-970936.html |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn}}</ref> The music for was composed by Amit Chatterjee.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

Following the commercial success of the first season, the makers announced a second season in January 2026.<ref name=":2" /> Director Raj Chakraborty moved the production from the rural [[Sundarbans]] to [[Kolkata]] to explore an urban crime thriller format.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abar Proloy 2 – February 27 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/south-regional-ott-releases-this-week-abar-proloy-2-thadayam-ikk-kudi-and-more-ws-kl-9924990.html |website=News 18}}</ref> In February 2026, a 50-foot promotional poster was unveiled in [[Garia|Garia, Kolkata]], to mark the release of the second season.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-19 |title=Abar Proloy Season 2 launched with grand poster unveiling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/abar-proloy-season-2-launched-with-grand-poster-unveiling/articleshow/128549565.cms |access-date=2026-02-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
The teaser for ''Abar Proloy'' was released on 1 July 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raj Chakraborty: 'অনিমেষ দত্ত'কে নিয়ে ওটিটিতে ডেবিউ রাজের, প্রকাশ্যে 'আবার প্রলয়' টিজার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/story/raj-chakraborty-directorial-first-web-series-subhashree-ganguly-produced-abar-proloy-teaser-released-tollywood-entertainment-news-sum-607252-2023-07-01 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref> receiving a mixed response from the audience. The teaser introduced rowdy cop Animesh Dutta, played by [[Saswata Chatterjee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=শত্রুদের শনি হয়ে হাজির অনিমেষ দত্ত, ‘আবার প্রলয়’-এর টিজারে ঝড় তুললেন শ্বাশত |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/here-is-the-official-teaser-of-raj-chakraborty-directed-saswata-chatterjee-starrer-abar-proloy/ |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref> However, some viewers noted alleged similarities between one of the characters in the series and [[Pankaj Tripathi|Guruji]] from the Hindi web series ''[[Sacred Games (TV series)|Sacred Games]],'' which drew negative remarks.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-06-30 |title=চরিত্রাভিনেতা নন, 'আবার প্রলয়'-এ অ্যাকশন হিরো শাশ্বত, চমক ঋত্বিকের লুকেও |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/abar-proloy-web-series-abar-proloy-directed-by-raj-chakraborty-trailer-released-saswata-and-ritwick-stole-all-eyes-know-in-details-989356 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-02 |title='আবার প্রলয়' বিতর্কে রাহুলকে কটাক্ষ রানার, নাম না করে লিখলেন, ‘জবাব দিতেই হবে’ |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rana-sarkar-stand-beside-raj-chakraborty-and-criticised-rahul-arunodoy-banerjee-for-his-post-on-abar-proloy-teaser-31688272293860.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712093413/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rana-sarkar-stand-beside-raj-chakraborty-and-criticised-rahul-arunodoy-banerjee-for-his-post-on-abar-proloy-teaser-31688272293860.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> ''Abar Proloy'' was released on the ZEE5 OTT platform on 11 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sur |first=Binita |date=2023-01-12 |title=Abar Proloy To Roktokorobi: 6 Upcoming Bengali Web Series To Put In Your Watchlist |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/web-series/abar-proloy-to-roktokorobi-6-upcoming-bengali-web-series-to-put-in-your-watchlist-1575196 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| headline =
| total_length =
| extra_column =
| title1 = Menoka<ref>https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/raj-chakraborty-upcoming-web-series-abar-proloy-music-video-khela-hobe-released/articleshow/102469707.cms</ref>
| lyrics1 =
| title2 = Keora
| lyrics2 =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=28289518}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/abar-proloy/0-6-4z5387648 Abar Proloy] on [[ZEE5]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abar Proloy}}
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Bengali-language web series]]
[[Category:Crime drama web series]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Bengali-language web series]]

Genelia D'Souza

2026-03-10T17:00:38Z

PGPS: corrected citations further and added references

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1987)}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Genelia D'Souza
| image = Genelia dsouza love big and cbs press meet.jpg
| alt =
| caption = D'Souza in 2012
| birth_name = Genelia D'Souza
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|08|05}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], India
| other_names = Genelia Genelia Deshmukh
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2003–present
| parents =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Riteish Deshmukh]]|2012}}
| children = 2
| family = [[List of Hindi film families#Deshmukh family|Deshmukh]] (by marriage)
}}

'''Genelia Deshmukh''' ([[née]] '''D'Souza'''; born 5 August 1987),<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Genelia D'Souza |url=http://www.patrika.com/news/happy-birthday-genelia-dsouza/1021772 |access-date=5 August 2014 |work=Patrika Group |issue=5 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053718/http://www.patrika.com/news/happy-birthday-genelia-dsouza/1021772 |archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> also credited professionally as '''Genelia''', is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Hindi]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. Described in the media as one of the leading South Indian actresses of the 2000s,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/film/big-time-girl-genelia-d-souza-1.118213 |title=Big-time girl: Genelia D'Souza |date=15 July 2008 |access-date=23 August 2008 |first=Abdulla |last=Mahmood |newspaper=[[Gulf News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216124815/http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/film/big-time-girl-genelia-d-souza-1.118213 |archive-date=16 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="Telugu2008">{{cite news |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/29sd1-top-telugu-actresses-2008.htm |title=Top Telugu Actresses |date=29 December 2008 |access-date=21 January 2009 |newspaper=[[Rediff.com]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226124815/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/29sd1-top-telugu-actresses-2008.htm |archive-date=26 February 2011}}</ref> D'Souza is a recipient of several accolades including a [[Filmfare Award South]] and two [[Nandi Awards]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/genelia-delivers-hits-in-four-languages/story-chTI0NPPeCfynvHnCtN4cO.html |title=Genelia delivers hits in four languages! |date=6 August 2009 |access-date=25 October 2009 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218124815/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/genelia-delivers-hits-in-four-languages/story-chTI0NPPeCfynvHnCtN4cO.html |archive-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>

After gaining attention in a [[Parker Pen]] commercial with [[Amitabh Bachchan]], D'Souza began her acting career with the Hindi film ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]'' (2003), and earned recognition in the Tamil film ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'', the same year. D'Souza received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]] for portraying a bubbly girl in the romantic comedy ''[[Bommarillu]]'' (2006). She further earned praises for her portrayals in the 2008 romantic comedies ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]'' and ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]''. D'Souza established herself with commercially successful films—''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]'' (2003), ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]'' (2004), ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]'' (2004), ''[[Sachein]]'' (2005), ''[[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]'' (2006), ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]'' (2007), ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' (2008), ''[[Katha (2009 film)|Katha]]'' (2009), ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'' (2011), ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' (2011), ''[[Velayudham]]'' (2011) and ''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]'' (2012). Her performances in ''Bommarillu'' and ''Katha'' earned her two [[Nandi Special Jury Award]].

Following her marriage to [[Riteish Deshmukh]], with whom she has two sons, she took a long hiatus from acting. D'Souza had a career comeback with the Marathi film ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]'' (2022), for which she received a nomination for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]]. In addition to acting in films, D'Souza hosted the television shows ''[[Big Switch]]'' (2009) and ''[[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]'' (2020). She is also a celebrity endorser for several brands and products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genelia Deshmukh: In a Happy Space |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interviews/genelia-deshmukh-in-a-happy-space/article_5c04ccee-68ee-5866-9cd3-ed715fb64d66.html |first=R. M. |last=Vijayakar |website=India West |language=en |access-date=5 May 2020 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612060051/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/interviews/genelia-deshmukh-in-a-happy-space/article_5c04ccee-68ee-5866-9cd3-ed715fb64d66.html }}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:Genelia D'Souza with family at the CNBC Awaaz consumer awards.jpg|thumb|D'Souza with her family]]
Born in [[Bombay]], India<ref name="deb">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Bollywood-via-Kollywood/articleshow/3655246.cms |title=Bollywood via Kollywood |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=31 October 2008 |first=Sreedhar |last=Pilai |archive-date=23 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723172404/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-31/news-interviews/27946802_1_genelia-d-souza-jtyjn-tamil |url-status=live}}</ref> D'Souza is a [[Mangalorean Catholic]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nivas |first1=Namita |title=The outsiders in Bollywood |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/the-outsiders-in-bollywood/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=10 October 2014 |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108072022/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/the-outsiders-in-bollywood/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Genelia-awarded-for-promoting-East-Indian-culture-through-wedding-rituals/articleshow/20115948.cms |title=Genelia awarded for promoting East Indian culture through wedding rituals |work=The Times of India |access-date=19 November 2017 |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814225231/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Genelia-awarded-for-promoting-East-Indian-culture-through-wedding-rituals/articleshow/20115948.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She was raised in the [[Bandra]] suburb of Bombay. Her mother, Jeanette D'Souza, was a managing director of the Pharma Multinational Corporation. She left her job in 2004 to help D'Souza with her career. Her father, Neil D'Souza, is a senior official with [[Tata Consultancy Services]].<ref name="bus">{{cite news |url=http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Corporate/An-Ingenue-Is-Born.html |title=An Ingenue Is Born |last1=Brahma |first1=Mahul |date=26 December 2008 |access-date=1 March 2009 |publisher=[[Businessworld]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207190915/http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/Corporate/An-Ingenue-Is-Born.html |archive-date=7 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She has a younger brother, Nigel D'Souza,<ref name="god"/><ref name="house">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Santa-bless-Mumbai-Genelia/articleshow/5373972.cms |title=Santa, bless Mumbai: Genelia |access-date=1 March 2009 |first=Nimisha |last=Tiwari |date=25 December 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/news-interviews/28091934_1_genelia-d-souza-homepage-christmas-tree-santa-claus |url-status=live}}</ref> who works with the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Chuman |last=Das |title=Genelia D'Souza brings in birthday at her new house |date=5 August 2009 |publisher=Business of Cinema |url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=13968 |access-date=20 December 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726025236/http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=13968 |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>

According to D'Souza, her name means "rare" or "unique", and is a [[portmanteau]] of Jeanette and Neil, her mother and father's names. She is also often informally referred to as ''Geenu'', her nickname.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/07/02/4047/index.html |title="All my girlfriends have already gone crazy after Imran" – Genelia Dsouza |last=Ramsubramaniam |first=Nikhil |date=2 July 2008 |access-date=1 March 2009 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222110537/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/07/02/4047/index.html |archive-date=22 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> D'Souza studied at the Apostolic Carmel High School in Bandra and later joined [[St. Andrew's College, Mumbai|St. Andrew's College]] in Bandra to pursue her bachelor's degree of Management Studies.<ref name="daiji">{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=48478&n_tit=Meet+Bollywood%92s+New+Bee+Genelia+D%92souza |title=Meet Bollywood's New Bee Genelia D'souza |date=8 July 2008 |access-date=23 August 2008 |publisher=[[Daijiworld|Daijiworld Media]] |archive-date=20 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820020602/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=48478&n_tit=Meet+Bollywood%92s+New+Bee+Genelia+D%92souza |url-status=live}}</ref> She completed her degree while shooting for her first film, ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]'' in 2003 and initially thought that an MNC job would suit her.<ref name="biog"/> D'Souza liked sports and studies in college,<ref name="biog"/> and was a state level athlete, [[Sprint (running)|sprinter]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/photo/genelia-dsouza-a-national-level-football-player-an-actress-and-a-mother-of-two-20643/19 |title=Genelia D'Souza: Interesting trivia and lesser-known facts about the actress |access-date=25 February 2024 |date=5 August 2022 |work=Mid Day}}</ref> and a national level [[Association football|football]] player.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/football-helps-maintain-my-stamina-says-genelia-616140 |title=Football helps maintain my stamina: Genelia D'Souza |access-date=15 September 2017 |date=20 August 2010 |work=NDTV India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-12/news-interviews/27933539_1_genelia-d-souza-football-player-national-level-football |title=Genelia is crazy about Beckham |access-date=1 March 2009 |first=Piyali |last=Dasgupta |date=12 July 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060702/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-12/news-interviews/27933539_1_genelia-d-souza-football-player-national-level-football |url-status=dead}}</ref>

D'Souza did her first modelling assignment at the age of 15,<ref name="ban">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Shes-no-Sandra-from-Bandra/articleshow/5002823.cms |title=She's no Sandra from Bandra! |last=Rasquinha |first=Reagan Gavin |date=13 September 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060637/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-13/news-interviews/28079002_1_bandra-fair-mount-mary-church-genelia-d-souza |url-status=live}}</ref> the result of being spotted as the [[bridesmaid]] at a wedding.<ref name="biog">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/07/17/stories/2009071750180100.htm |title=Oye bubbly! |access-date=1 January 2010 |first=Harshikaa |last=Udasi |date=17 July 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182630/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/07/17/stories/2009071750180100.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> She was selected for the [[Parker Pen Company|Parker Pen]] commercial with [[Amitabh Bachchan]], just two days before her exams, and had to shoot the next day. Initially, she refused, because of her exam the next day, but the director persuaded D'Souza to shoot for the commercial.<ref name="biog"/><ref name="r5"/> She gained wide attention from the Parker Pen commercial with Amitabh Bachchan,<ref name="hin1">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/htnext/mirchmasala/I-m-single-Riteish-is-just-a-friend-Genelia/Article1-341198.aspx |title=I'm single, Riteish is just a friend: Genelia |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |first=Subhash K. |last=Jha |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=29 September 2008 |access-date=18 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100814150649/http://www.hindustantimes.com/htnext/mirchmasala/I-m-single-Riteish-is-just-a-friend-Genelia/Article1-341198.aspx |archive-date=14 August 2010}}</ref> who said "she was good, and her expressions were spontaneous".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld4.htm |title=I was not in awe of Mr Bachchan (Slide 4) |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=14 April 2005 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924004122/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld4.htm |archive-date=24 September 2008}}</ref> She further did a [[Fair & Lovely (cosmetics)|Fair & Lovely]] [[2003 Cricket World Cup]] advertisement with former cricketer [[Krishnamachari Srikkanth]].<ref name="r5"/>

==Career==
===Debut and breakthrough (2003–2005)===
When D'Souza was offered a role in ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]'', initially she turned it down, as she was not keen to pursue a career in acting. But the crew insisted and kept contacting her for two months, and she agreed when she saw the [[Nuvve Kavali|Telugu version]] of the film.<ref name="r5">{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld5.htm |title=I was not in awe of Mr Bachchan (Slide 5) |date=14 April 2005 |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924140424/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld5.htm |archive-date=24 September 2008}}</ref> Tamil director, [[S. Shankar]], was impressed with her performance in the Parker Pen commercial and decided to cast her in a leading role in his 2003 Tamil film ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]''.<ref name="gt">{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld1.htm |title=I was not in awe of Mr Bachchan (Slide 1) |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=14 April 2005 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923195738/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld1.htm |archive-date=23 September 2008}}</ref> D'Souza was selected among 300 girls, who had auditioned for the movie. She signed three movies simultaneously in three different languages, ''Tujhe Meri Kasam'' opposite [[Riteish Deshmukh]] ([[Hindi]]), ''Boys'' opposite [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]), and ''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]'' opposite [[Sumanth]] ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]).<ref name="buzz">{{cite news |first=Gupta |last=Rinki |title=Genelia, the 'Uthamaputhiran' girl |date=9 October 2010 |work=Express News Service |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article289225.ece |access-date=28 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612225016/http://expressbuzz.com/entertainment/interviews/genelia-the-uthamaputhiran-girl/213601.html |archive-date=12 June 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

D'Souza's professional film career began<ref name="gen">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_genelia-makes-small-screen-debut_1293000 |title=Genelia makes small screen debut |last=Mazumder |first=Ranjib |newspaper=[[DNA (newspaper)|Daily News and Analysis]] (DNA) |date=25 September 2009 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929000100/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_genelia-makes-small-screen-debut_1293000 |archive-date=29 September 2009}}</ref> with her Hindi film debut ''Tujhe Meri Kasam'' in 2003.<ref name="bus"/> Film critic [[Taran Adarsh]] noted, "D'Souza is a wonderful performer. She catches you unaware with a performance that's natural to the core."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7081/index.html |title=Tujhe Meri Kasam (Movie review) |access-date=20 December 2010 |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=3 January 2003 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924030322/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7081/index.html |archive-date=24 September 2010}}</ref> The film was a box–office success and earned her nomination for [[Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Female]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tujhe Meri Kasam |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/tujhe_meri_kasam#.VaU7-rUpq8M |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714230103/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/tujhe_meri_kasam#.VaU7-rUpq8M |archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref> However, it could not do much to propel her career in Hindi cinema.<ref name="fail2">{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/rising-star/419393/ |title=Rising Star |work=Expressindia |publisher=[[Indian Express Group|The Indian Express Group]] |date=5 February 2009 |access-date=1 January 2010 |last=Jassi |first=Pallavi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005064600/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/rising-star/419393/ |archive-date=5 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="fail">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090111/jsp/graphiti/story_10367481.jsp |title=Ready to rock |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=11 January 2009 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215184555/http://telegraphindia.com/1090111/jsp/graphiti/story_10367481.jsp |archive-date=15 February 2009}}</ref> Later, she decided to act in South Indian films.<ref name="deb"/> The same year, she made her Tamil debut as the teenage girl Harini in ''Boys'', a story about 5 teenagers having stereotypical teen–boy fantasies. The movie, though noted for its vulgar sexual content, was a box–office success,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/09boys.htm |title=Shankar has taken Tamil films to new depths |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=9 September 2003 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607044936/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/09boys.htm |archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> and subsequently she started receiving Telugu film offers.<ref name="gt"/> She left [[Tamil cinema]] for a while to concentrate on the [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu film industry]]. She made her Telugu debut in 2003 as a medical student in ''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]''.<ref name="sam">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/12/23/stories/2003122300090400.htm |title=Sumanth stands out |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=23 December 2003 |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182551/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/12/23/stories/2003122300090400.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' noted in their review that, "D'Souza is excellent as her body language is her major asset."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/satyam-review-telugu-13344153.html |title=Satyam |access-date=20 December 2010 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028195224/http://www.sify.com/movies/satyam-review-telugu-13344153.html |archive-date=28 October 2013}}</ref> The film was well received,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad-times/Genelia-hits-the-jackpot/articleshow/454014.cms |title=Genelia hits the jackpot |work=[[Hyderabad Times]]|date=30 January 2004 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Devi K. |first=Sangeetha |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512185830/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad-times/Genelia-hits-the-jackpot/articleshow/454014.cms |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> and it raised her profile in the Telugu film industry. The film won her the [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref name="gt"/>

In 2004, D'Souza appeared in her second Hindi film, ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]'' opposite Riteish Deshmukh. The comedy focuses on 3 close friends who reunite after 3 years, but are now married and are being harassed by their wives. D'Souza portrayed the character of one of the wives.<ref name="bbm">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2004/04/masti_review.shtml |title=Masti review |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |last=Gajjar |first=Manish |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050816113438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2004/04/masti_review.shtml |archive-date=16 August 2005}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] was complimentary of D'Souza's role, saying, "Amongst the wives, D'Souza is the best, [...] D'Souza looks the stern and demanding wife and is sure to be noticed."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7124/index.html |title=Masti: Movie Review |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=9 April 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090712035202/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7124/index.html |archive-date=12 July 2009}}</ref> The film was a box–office success and she received the [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |title=Masti |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/masti |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715024016/http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/masti#.VaU8DbUpq8M |archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref> The same year, she appeared in two Telugu movies ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]'' alongside [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr. NTR]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/11/04/stories/2004110400920400.htm |title=Lucky mascot |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 November 2004 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Kumar |first=G. Manjula |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182641/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/11/04/stories/2004110400920400.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> and ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]'' opposite [[Nithiin]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/03/18/stories/2006031801000303.htm |title=Love and action |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 March 2006 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182654/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/03/18/stories/2006031801000303.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> both succeeding at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinemathisdecade/teluguactress/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3635796&page=33 |title=Telugu Actress of the Decade (Genelia D'Souza) |access-date=16 December 2010 |date=12 October 2010 |page=33 |work=MSN Entertainment |publisher=[[MSN]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726103721/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinemathisdecade/teluguactress/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3635796&page=33 |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref>

After appearing in her first Telugu movie in 2005, ''[[Naa Alludu]]'' opposite Jr. NTR, she starred in the Tamil romantic entertainer ''[[Sachein]]'' opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld3.htm |title=I was not in awe of Mr Bachchan (Slide 3) |publisher=[[Rediff]] |date=14 April 2005 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923195748/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14sld3.htm |archive-date=23 September 2008}}</ref> A review in ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "D'Souza, who hardly made an impression in ''Boys'', makes much impact in ''Sachein''."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/04/22/stories/2005042202640200.htm |title=Return to romance |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 April 2005 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100903202914/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/04/22/stories/2005042202640200.htm |archive-date=3 September 2010}}</ref> The movie evoked mixed response from audiences, but was well received with the younger generation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/04/20/stories/2005042016270200.htm |title=Vijay scores as 'Sachein' |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 April 2005 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Kamath |first=Sudish |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182650/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/04/20/stories/2005042016270200.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> She later appeared in the Telugu patriotic film ''[[Subash Chandra Bose (film)|Subhash Chandra Bose]]'' alongside [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], a box-office failure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101250200.htm |title=Patriotic theme |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 March 2005 |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182541/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101250200.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref>

===Critical acclaim and commercial success (2006–2010)===
The year 2006 marked a significant turning point in D'Souza's career.<ref name="sig">{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinemathisdecade/teluguactress/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3635796&page=34 |title=Telugu Actress of the Decade (Genelia D'Souza) |access-date=16 December 2010 |date=12 October 2010 |page=34 |work=MSN Entertainment |publisher=[[MSN]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726103712/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/southcinemathisdecade/teluguactress/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=3635796&page=34 |archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> She completed two Telugu movies in early 2006, one was the romantic comedy ''[[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]'' opposite [[Allu Arjun]], which was a moderate success and the other was ''[[Raam (2006 film)|Raam]]'' opposite Nithiin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/28/stories/2006012816060500.htm |title=It's a 'Happy' flick all the way |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 January 2006 |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213185251/http://hindu.com/2006/01/28/stories/2006012816060500.htm |archive-date=13 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/stargazing/article3217497.ece|title=Stargazing|date=17 March 2006|access-date=8 December 2021|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref> In ''Happy'', she played an MBBS student who marries a carefree boy, with ''[[Idlebrain]]'' stating, "Genelia has got lots of scope for performance in this film and she did exceptionally well".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Happy – Telugu cinema Review – Allu Arjun & Genelia|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-happy.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> She then portrayed the role of Haasini, a vibrant, effervescent and a happy–go–lucky young girl, in the Telugu romantic comedy ''[[Bommarillu]]'', reuniting with Siddharth. The film was a blockbuster at the box office,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/06bomma.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=The man behind Telugu hit ''Bommarillu'' |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=6 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201850/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/06bomma.htm |archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/08bom.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |title=First Look: 100 days of Bommarillu |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=8 November 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227102152/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/08bom.htm |archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref> and grossed {{INRConvert|250|m}}.<ref name="Hindu_Trade">{{cite web |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=17 October 2007 |first=M. L. |last=Narasimhan |date=29 December 2006 |title=A few hits and many flops |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |archive-date=3 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103072925/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her performance received high praise,<ref>{{cite web |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=17 October 2007 |first=Sangeetha |last=Devi K. |date=19 August 2006 |title='Bommarillu' was a surprise |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/08/19/stories/2006081902140100.htm |archive-date=18 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018204807/http://hindu.com/mp/2006/08/19/stories/2006081902140100.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> and garnered her the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]],<ref name="daiji"/> besides the [[Nandi Special Jury Award]].<ref name="sig"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nandi-awards-2006-news-telugu-kkftV1hgcca.html |title=Nandi Awards 2006 |access-date=21 December 2010 |date=13 February 2008 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126194043/http://sify.com/movies/nandi-awards-2006-news-telugu-kkftV1hgcca.html |archive-date=26 November 2010}}</ref> ''Sify'' concluded about her acting in their review that, "The scene stealer is D'Souza with her innocent looks and cute mannerisms. She does not overact and we just fall in love with her character. D'Souza looks like a dream in chic skirts and is the life of the party and raises the bar of the film."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bommarillu-review-telugu-14269791.html |title=Movie Review: Bommarillu |access-date=21 December 2010 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513075423/http://www.sify.com/movies/bommarillu-review-telugu-14269791.html |archive-date=13 May 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Genelia D'Souza still10.jpg|thumb|D'Souza at an event for ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]'', in 2008]]

Following the success of ''Bommarillu'', D'Souza played the role of the daughter of a local don, in the Tamil gangster film ''[[Chennai Kadhal]]'' alongside ''Boys'' co-star [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]].<ref name="rcd">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/11chennai.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=''Chennai Kadhal'' is a letdown |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=11 December 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607045007/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/11chennai.htm |archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> Sriram Iyer from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' criticised her commenting: "D'Souza stands up yet again to prove the point that if you are pretty and well dressed, you can get away with anything, without acting."<ref name="rcd"/> Shortly afterward, she played the role of the sister of a notorious gangster in the blockbuster Telugu film ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]'' alongside [[Vishnu Manchu]], set against a gang war backdrop.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/25ssvishnu.htm |work=[[Rediff]] |title=Meet the star of ''Dhee'' |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=25 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517174853/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/25ssvishnu.htm |archive-date=17 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/16ssdhee.htm |work=[[Rediff]] |title=''Dhee'' is a good entertainer |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=16 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122212707/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/16ssdhee.htm |archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' was appreciative of her portrayal and contribute to the film. She earned her second Filmfare Best Actress – Telugu nomination for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-dhee.html|title=Dhee - Telugu cinema Review - Vishnu & Genelia|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=jeevi|date=13 April 2007}}</ref>

The following year, D'Souza appeared in the Telugu romantic thriller ''[[Mr. Medhavi]]'' with [[Raja (Telugu actor)|Raja]], in which she portrayed the role of a student from Canada. The film was successful,<ref name="well"/> with Radhika Rajamani complimenting her performance saying, "D'Souza is her effervescent self – full of joie–de–vivre and lights up the screen."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/28ssmm.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=''Mister Medhavi'': Not too smart |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=28 January 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505050854/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/28ssmm.htm |archive-date=5 May 2008}}</ref> She made her [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] debut in ''[[Satya in Love]]'' the same year opposite [[Shiva Rajkumar]], which was a box-office success.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/31sss.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=''Sathya''...: Only for Shivraj Kumar fans! |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=31 March 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016185550/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/31sss.htm |archive-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> Later, she was cast in a leading role in ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]'' opposite [[Jayam Ravi]], a Tamil remake of ''Bommarillu''. The film turned out to be successful just like its predecessor.<ref name="well"/> ''[[Sify]]'' described D'Souza's portrayal as "the soul of the film" and the film's "biggest strength",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14648368&ctid=5&cid=2429 |website=[[Sify]] |title=Movie Review: Santhosh Subramaniam |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717024229/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14648368&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=17 July 2009}}</ref> however ''Rediff.com''{{'}}s Pavithra Srinivasan described her character as "appears a little too good to be true."<ref name="ss">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/12ss.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=''Santhosh Subramaniam'' is a masala entertainer |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=12 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609101602/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/12ss.htm |archive-date=9 June 2008}}</ref> She received [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil]] nomination for her performance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2009 |title=Surya, Parvathi win 56th Filmfare awards |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/aug/02/surya-parvathi-win-56th-filmfare-awards-74082.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215824/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/aug/02/surya-parvathi-win-56th-filmfare-awards-74082.html |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

In June 2008, following a nearly 5–year gap from Hindi cinema, she appeared in ''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]'' alongside [[Akshaye Khanna]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/06/14/stories/2008061450670200.htm |title=Bollywood calling |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 June 2008 |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182637/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/06/14/stories/2008061450670200.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> which failed to make profit at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |first=Somen |last=Mishra |title=Genelia on Harman and Imran's common link |date=30 June 2008 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/genelia-on-harman-and-imrans-common-link/67998-8.html |access-date=23 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182601/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/genelia-on-harman-and-imrans-common-link/67998-8.html |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] noted, "besides her apparent cuteness, brings in tons of freshness and traits to the youthful characters she chooses to play",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/13mbpa.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=Baap re baap! |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=16 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227102203/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/13mbpa.htm |archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref> while Sonia Chopra criticised her stating, "D'Souza is sprightly but has a standard two–three expressions bank in this film."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/review.php?id=14693920&ctid=5&cid=2425 |website=[[Sify]] |title=Movie Review: Mere Baap Pehle Aap |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721104659/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/review.php?id=14693920&ctid=5&cid=2425 |archive-date=21 July 2009}}</ref> She later appeared in the Telugu romantic comedy ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' opposite [[Ram Pothineni]], playing an NRI girl. The film was well received and became one of the [[List of Telugu films of 2008|highest grossing Telugu fim of 2008]].<ref name="well"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/2008--top-5-films-at-the-box-office-imagegallery-1-movies-jdwmUweaejdsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214851/https://www.sify.com/movies/2008--top-5-films-at-the-box-office-imagegallery-1-movies-jdwmUweaejdsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 June 2021 |title=2008- Top 5 films at the box-office |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 May 2021}}</ref> Radhika Rajamani opined that D'Souza "lights up the screen" with her performance.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/19ssready.htm |work=[[Rediff]] |title=Watch ''Ready'' for Ram and Genelia |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=19 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225212035/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/19ssready.htm |archive-date=25 December 2009}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' was appreciative of her "vibrant" performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ready-review-telugu-14698398.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625191251/http://www.sify.com/movies/ready-review-telugu-14698398.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-25 |title=Movie Review:Ready|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref>

That year, her breakthrough performance came with the blockbuster romantic comedy-drama ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]'', in which she portrayed the central character of a college student, Aditi opposite [[Imran Khan (film actor)|Imran Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/400-girls-auditioned-for-jaane-tu-ya-jaane-na-i-declined-the-offer-initially-genelia-dsouza-8509903.html |title=400 girls auditioned for Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na, I declined the offer initially: Genelia D'Souza |accessdate=11 November 2022 |work=News18}}</ref> It was a major commercial success across India and overseas, grossing {{INRConvert|564|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA== |publisher=BoxOffice India |title=Box Office 2008 |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010804/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D |archive-date=2 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015223626/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU%3D |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=312&catName=TGlmZXRpbWU= |title=Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide |archive-date=15 October 2013 |website=[[Box Office India]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her role was widely admired for her sweetness and freshness, with Raja Sen describing her acting as a "spark that has been missing in Hindi cinema for well over a decade now".<ref>{{cite web |last=Sen |first=Raja |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/04jaanetu.htm |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=What would you do if I sang out of tune? |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=7 July 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214175115/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/04jaanetu.htm |archive-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> While, [[Khalid Mohamed]] of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' found her to be "consistently spontaneous".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-jaane-tu-ya-jaane-na/story-oJMcY3DK1YDvcG3ZlYwzhJ.html |title=Review: Jaane Tu.. Ya Jaane Na |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=5 July 2008 |access-date=8 May 2023 |author=[[Khalid Mohamed]] |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508010831/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-jaane-tu-ya-jaane-na/story-oJMcY3DK1YDvcG3ZlYwzhJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Her performance earned her several nominations including [[Screen Award for Best Actress]] and [[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Female]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Winners of 15th Annual Screen Awards|url=http://www.screenindia.com/screenaward09/winners_2009.html|work=Screen|access-date=1 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116160743/http://www.screenindia.com/screenaward09/winners_2009.html|archivedate=16 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/16/4855/index.html |title=Winners of Max Stardust Awards 2009 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 February 2009 |accessdate=1 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906061439/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/16/4855/index.html |archivedate=6 September 2011 }}</ref>

In 2009, D'Souza appeared in the Telugu romantic comedy ''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Parinayam]]'' alongside [[Tarun (Telugu actor)|Tarun]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/29slde3-krishnavamsi-interview.htm |work=Rediff News |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=I could see my Sasirekha in Genelia |access-date=5 January 2010 |date=29 December 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210113340/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/29slde3-krishnavamsi-interview.htm |archive-date=10 February 2010}}</ref> The film received favourable reviews, with critics calling her "the life of the film" and praising her portrayal of emotions. She also received [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award for Best Actor – Female]] nomination.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14829671&ctid=5&cid=2430 |website=[[Sify]] |title=Movie Review: Sasirekha Parinayam |access-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071344/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14829671&ctid=5&cid=2430 |archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> D'Souza then appeared opposite [[Fardeen Khan]] in the Hindi film ''[[Life Partner (film)|Life Partner]]'' a box office average, where [[Rajeev Masand]] noted: "The adorable little imp from ''Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na'' has turned into a nagging harridan in this film, and how you wish she'd immediately enroll for acting lessons."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-life-partner-is-sexist/99243-8.html |title=Masand's movie review: Life Partner is sexist |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=15 August 2009 |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917082512/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-life-partner-is-sexist/99243-8.html |archive-date=17 September 2009}}</ref> Her next appearance was in the Telugu thriller ''[[Katha (2009 film)|Katha]]'' with [[Adith Arun]], which was well received,<ref name="well">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-genelia-interview/20101203.htm |title=I will not give up South films |access-date=5 December 2010 |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=3 December 2010 |work=Rediff Movies |agency=[[Rediff]] |quote=Some of her films like ''Bommarillu'', ''Dhee'', ''Ready'', ''Santosh Subramanian'', ''Mr Medhavi'' and ''Katha'' have all been well received |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204154009/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-genelia-interview/20101203.htm |archive-date=4 December 2010}}</ref> and for which she won another Nandi Special Jury Award.<ref name="katha">{{cite news |title=Genny is thrilled to be back |date=26 November 2010 |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloids/genny-thrilled-be-back-527 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129191311/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloids/genny-thrilled-be-back-527 |archive-date=29 November 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' noted, "Genelia steals the show with her tremendous screen presence. She is able to portray the 'psychological' trauma well and is really emerging as a fine actor to portray complex characters."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-telugu-movie-review-katha/20091214.htm|title=Genelia steals the show in Katha'|date=14 December 2009|work=[[Rediff.com]]|first=Radhika|last=Rajamani|access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref>

In 2010, D'Souza first played a choreographer opposite [[Shahid Kapoor]] in ''[[Chance Pe Dance]]'', which received poor reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Shahid-does-Chance-Pe-Dance/articleshow/4939445.cms |title=Shahid and Genelia does Chance Pe Dance |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=27 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901131018/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ENTERTAINMENT/Bollywood/News-Interviews/Shahid-does-Chance-Pe-Dance/articleshow/4939445.cms |archive-date=1 September 2009}}</ref> Rajeev Masand criticised her "half-baked role".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-chance-pe-dance-is-annoying/108754-8.html?from=tn |title=Masand's movie review: Chance Pe Dance is annoying |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |author-link=Rajeev Masand |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=15 January 2010 |access-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118145114/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-chance-pe-dance-is-annoying/108754-8.html?from=tn |archive-date=18 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/Chance-Pe-Dance-Movie-Review/moviereview/5445605.cms |title=Chance Pe Dance: Movie Review |last=Malani |first=Gaurav |work=Indiatimes Movies |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=14 January 2010 |access-date=16 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117021116/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Chance-Pe-Dance-Movie-Review/moviereview/5445605.cms |archive-date=17 January 2010}}</ref> D'Souza then played a college student who believes in true love in the Telugu film ''[[Orange (2010 film)|Orange]]'' opposite [[Ram Charan]], which too received poor reviews from critics, but a critic from ''Rediff.com'' praised her portrayal and chemistry with Charan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100161353&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=regional&nid=68843 |title=Review: ''Orange'' leaves audiences groping in the dark |access-date=27 November 2010 |date=26 November 2010 |work=NDTV Movies |publisher=[[NDTV]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128190855/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100161353&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=regional&nid=68843 |archive-date=28 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14959117&ctid=5&cid=2430 |title=''Orange review'': No freshness here |access-date=27 November 2010 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129021918/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=14959117&ctid=5&cid=2430 |archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-orange/20101126.htm |title=''Orange'': An overdose of love |access-date=27 November 2010 |date=26 November 2010 |work=Rediff Movies |publisher=[[Rediff]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129012105/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-orange/20101126.htm |archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> In her final film of the year, she appeared in the Tamil film ''[[Uthamaputhiran (2010 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]'' opposite [[Dhanush]], a remake of her film ''Ready''. The film became a moderate success.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dhanush-s-uthamaputhiran-is-a-hit-news-tamil-kljrGchijfh.html |title=''Uthama Puthiran'': is a Hit |access-date=27 November 2010 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112020950/http://sify.com/movies/dhanush-s-uthamaputhiran-is-a-hit-news-tamil-kljrGchijfh.html |archive-date=12 November 2010}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' found her getting "stereotyped" in a similar role of a bubbly girl.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uthamaputhiran Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/uthamaputhiran/movie-review/12146735.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610015901/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Uthamaputhiran/movie-review/12146735.cms |archive-date=10 June 2015 |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

===Further success, hiatus and production (2011–2021)===
[[File:Genelia D'Souza.jpg|thumb|D'Souza in 2012]]

In her first release of 2011, D'Souza made her [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] film debut, starring as the Muslim warrior princess Arackal Ayesha, in ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'' alongside [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |title=Princess of the marquee |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1584850.ece |access-date=14 April 2011 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=30 March 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403054223/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1584850.ece |archive-date=3 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Muthanna |first=Anjali |title=Shahid is a friend: Genelia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Shahid-is-a-friend-Genelia/articleshow/8090076.cms |access-date=27 September 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 April 2011 |archive-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028083657/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-27/news-interviews/29474942_1_genelia-d-souza-bubbly-girl-tamil-film |url-status=live}}</ref> The film is about a fictional story happening in [[Calicut]], [[Kerala]] during the 15th century, about a boy who plots to assassinate the Portuguese explorer [[Vasco Da Gama]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Nair |first=Unni R. |title=HISTORY in the MAKING |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/HISTORY-in-the-MAKING/773031/ |access-date=14 April 2011 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=8 April 2011}}</ref> For her role, she learned horse riding, and spent two weeks of training to use the sword, the short stick, and movements of the [[Dravidian martial art]], ''[[Kalarippayattu]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Genelia to trade her sweet look for bold warrior role |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/genelia-to-trade-her-sweet-look-for-bold-warrior-role-131115-2011-03-27 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 September 2011 |date=28 March 2011 |last1=Joshi |first1=Sonali |last2=Kar |first2=Vivek |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102230830/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/genelia-to-trade-her-sweet-look-for-bold-warrior-role/1/133601.html |archive-date=2 November 2011}}</ref> It was a major commercial and critical success, with ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' stating: "Genelia breaks her perpetual imbecility morphing into Ayesha, the warrior princess. Her character is not reduced to the customary cheer-leader role and she claims an equal share of valour and gallantry."<ref>{{cite web |title=Urumi: An absolute spectacle. |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/Apr/10/urumi-243327.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=21 September 2011 |date=1 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015151909/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/Apr/10/urumi-243327.html |archive-date=15 October 2011}}</ref> The film won her the [[Asiavision Awards|Asiavision Award for Best Actress]].<ref>{{cite web |title=B-town praises for Genelia D'souza's south flick |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/genelia-d-souza-riteish-deshmukh-urumi-shahid-kapoor-131567-2011-04-03 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=27 September 2011 |date=4 April 2011 |last1=Joshi |first1=Sonali |last2=Srivastava |first2=Priyanka |last3=Varma |first3=Lipika |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102233704/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/genelia-d-souza-riteish-deshmukh-urumi-shahid-kapoor/1/134256.html |archive-date=2 November 2011}}</ref> She next played an independent woman in the Hindi film, ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'' opposite [[John Abraham]], which received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=54|title=Force - Movie - Box Office India|website=Boxofficeindia.com|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> In his review for ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'', Taran Adarsh found D'Souza to be "strikingly sweet and subdued".<ref>{{cite news |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |title=Force : Movie Review by Taran Adarsh |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14289/index.html |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=4 October 2011 |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=29 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003144047/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/14289/index.html |archive-date=3 October 2011}}</ref> Later, she played a journalist alongside Vijay in the Tamil film ''[[Velayudham]]'', which was commercially successful.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Tamil grossers of 2011 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-tamil-grossers-of-2011-news-tamil-lm3mOLjjccdsi.html |website=[[Sify]] |date=29 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028080744/http://www.sify.com/movies/top-10-tamil-grossers-of-2011-news-tamil-lm3mOLjjccdsi.html |archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> ''[[CNN-IBN]]'' in its review noted that D'Souza got a substantial role and fits in it "adequately".<ref>{{cite news|title=Tamil Review: 'Velayudham' a must for Vijay fans|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tamil-review-velayudham-a-must-for-vijay-fans/197595-8-68.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101215231/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/tamil-review-velayudham-a-must-for-vijay-fans/197595-8-68.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 November 2011|access-date=31 October 2011|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=31 October 2011}}</ref>

In 2012, D'Souza first reunited with Deshmukh in the Hindi film ''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]''.<ref name="rgt">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Riteish-Genelia-are-back-together/articleshow/8758224.cms |title=Riteish, Genelia are back together! |date=6 August 2011 |access-date=30 July 2011 |archive-date=6 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106002158/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-08/news-interviews/29629625_1_film-rough-patch-couple |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[NDTV]]'' stated that she delivers an "energetic performance" as Mini. It became a box office success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_review.aspx?id=686|title=Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya Review|website=movies.ndtv.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415030434/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Review.aspx?id=686|archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings |title=Box Office Earnings 10/08/12 – 16/08/12 (Nett Collections in Ind Rs) |work=Box Office India |access-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825191030/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=earnings |archive-date=25 August 2012 }}</ref> Later that year, she appeared opposite [[Rana Daggubati]] in the Telugu film, ''[[Naa Ishtam]]'', which was a moderate success.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1701338.ece| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110420123505/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article1701338.ece| archive-date = 20 April 2011| title = The Hindu : Arts / Cinema : The wonky and the weird| website = [[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In its review, ''[[The Times of India]]'' stated the she performs her role with "panache".<ref>{{cite news| url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/naa-ishtam-movie-review/movie-review/12381134.cms| access-date = 11 September 2013| title =Naa Ishtam Movie Review | website =The Times of India}}</ref> Following ''Naa Ishtam'', D'Souza took a break from full-time acting and appeared only in cameo roles in films such as the Hindi film, ''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]'' and the Marathi film, ''[[Lai Bhaari]]'' both in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jai-ho-review-salman-khan/1/339550.html |title=Mega Review: Jai Ho |work=India Today |date=24 January 2014 |access-date=31 January 2014 |archive-date=28 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140128012809/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jai-ho-review-salman-khan/1/339550.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> D'Souza with her husband Riteish Deshmukh started their production company, [[Mumbai Film Company]] and became a producer with ''Lai Bhaari''.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 July 2014|accessdate=30 July 2014|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Genelia-Deshmukh-Riteish-Deshmukh-Marathi-Lai-Bhaari/articleshow/38379619.cms|title=Genelia's Marathi tadka in Lai Bhaari|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|archive-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812125640/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Genelia-Deshmukh-Riteish-Deshmukh-Marathi-Lai-Bhaari/articleshow/38379619.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, she reprised her role in ''[[Force 2]]'', a sequel of ''Force'', appearing as the ghost of Maya.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/20219869/Genelia-D'Souza-does-a-cameo-in-Force-2 |title=Genelia D'Souza does a cameo in Force 2 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831093015/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/20219869/Genelia-D'Souza-does-a-cameo-in-Force-2 |archive-date=31 August 2016 |author=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=29 June 2016 |access-date=1 September 2016}}
</ref> In 2018, she co-produced the Marathi film [[Mauli (film)|''Mauli'']], where she also appeared in a song.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/mauli-trailer-out-shah-rukh-khan-and-salman-khan-applaud-riteish-deshmukhs-marathi-act/322927|title=Mauli trailer out! Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan applaud Riteish Deshmukh's Marathi act|last=Khandelwal|first=Khush|website=Times Now|date=29 November 2018|accessdate=29 November 2018}}</ref> In 2020, her much delayed Hindi remake of ''Bommarillu'', ''[[It's My Life (film)|It's My Life]]'' was released directly on [[Zee Cinema]], where she appeared opposite [[Harman Baweja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Genelia D'Souza-Harman Baweja's 'It's My Life' new poster unveiled |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-genelia-d-souza-harman-baweja-s-it-s-my-life-new-poster-unveiled-2855605 |access-date=30 December 2020 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125022004/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-genelia-d-souza-harman-baweja-s-it-s-my-life-new-poster-unveiled-2855605 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Comeback and career expansion (2022–present) ===
D'Souza changed her screen name to Genelia Deshmukh and made her comeback to full-time acting after ten years with the 2022 film, ''[[Mister Mummy]]'' opposite Riteish Deshmukh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/mister-mummy-first-look-riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-their-pregnant-bellies-are-here-comical-drama-1014511%3famp |title=Mister Mummy first look Riteish, Genelia and their pregnant bellies are here |work=Pinkvilla |date=6 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224110352/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/mister-mummy-first-look-riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-their-pregnant-bellies-are-here-comical-drama-1014511%3Famp |url-status=live }}</ref> She played a woman who finds out her husband is pregnant with their child. The film received negative reviews and failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/neon/hot-take/mister-mummy-honest-review-a-transphobic-nightmare-in-the-name-of-comedy-riteish-deshmukh-genelia-dsouza#read-more|title='Mister Mummy' Honest Review: A Transphobic Nightmare In The Name Of Comedy|last=Phelian|accessdate=19 November 2022|work=The Quint|date=19 November 2022 }}</ref> That year, she made her Marathi film debut with ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]'', where Deshmukh played a wife whose husband is still in love with his lover, opposite Riteish Deshmukh who also directed the film.<ref name="Bollywood Hungama">{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-turns-director-genelia-deshmukh-make-marathi-film-debut/ |title=Riteish Deshmukh turns director; Genelia Deshmukh to make her Marathi film debut |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=8 December 2021 |access-date=8 December 2021 |archive-date=8 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208111431/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-turns-director-genelia-deshmukh-make-marathi-film-debut/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2022 |title='Ved': Riteish Deshmukh shares BTS pictures with Salman Khan as he wraps up shooting of his directorial debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ved-riteish-deshmukh-shares-bts-pictures-with-salman-khan-as-he-wraps-up-shooting-of-his-directorial-debut/articleshow/92781696.cms |access-date=3 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film received positive response and emerged as the [[List of Marathi films of 2022|highest-grossing Marathi film of the year]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ved Box office collection|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-deshmukh-ved-movie-total-box-office-collection/articleshow/99354193.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref> Mayur Sanap opined: "Genelia has a luminous presence and conveys more with her expressions than dialogues." Deshmukh also won several accolades including a nomination for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ved Review: Nothing New To Surprise|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ved-review/20230110.htm|website=Rediff.com|access-date=20 January 2023|author=Mayur Sanap}}</ref> Deshmukh played a single mother who orders a father for her son on a 30-day trial period, in her only film of 2023, ''[[Trial Period]]'' opposite [[Manav Kaul]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2023 |title=Trial Period: Genelia Deshmukh reveals she spoke to a lot of single parents to prepare for her role |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/trial-period-genelia-deshmukh-reveals-she-spoke-to-a-lot-of-single-parents-to-prepare-for-her-role/articleshow/101654806.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714182819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/trial-period-genelia-deshmukh-reveals-she-spoke-to-a-lot-of-single-parents-to-prepare-for-her-role/articleshow/101654806.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=14 July 2023 |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' noted: "Genelia Deshmukh turn out lovely performance, either as a make-believe couple [with Kaul] or as individual trying to do what is best for Romi."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1052750/trial-period-review-dad-on-hire-comedy-has-something-for-mom-too|title='Trial Period' review: Dad-on-hire comedy has something for mom too|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|date=21 July 2023|publisher=[[Scroll.in]]|access-date=22 July 2023|archive-date=21 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721090835/https://amp.scroll.in/reel/1052750/trial-period-review-dad-on-hire-comedy-has-something-for-mom-too|url-status=live}}</ref>

In her first release of 2025, Deshmukh played a basketball coach's wife opposite [[Aamir Khan]] in ''[[Sitaare Zameen Par (film)|Sitaare Zameen Par]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Genelia D' Souza to play the female lead opposite Aamir Khan in Sitaare Zameen Par|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/genelia-d-souza-to-play-the-female-lead-opposite-aamir-khan-in-sitaare-zameen-par-report/articleshow/104376358.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=12 October 2023|date=28 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aamir-khan-starrer-sitaare-zameen-par-wraps-up-shoot/article68296320.ece | title=Aamir Khan and Genelia D'Souza-starrer 'Sitaare Zameen Par' wraps up shoot | newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' noted, "Genelia brings tenderness and restraint to her role as Gulshan’s wife, but her character needed more dimension."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |title=Sitaare Zameen Par Review: Entertaining, Educational and All Heart |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/sitaare-zameen-par-review-entertaining-educational-and-all-heart-74882.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> A commercial success, the film emerged as one of the highest grossing release of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jogani |first=Rishil |date=2025-06-30 |title=Box Office: Sitaare Zameen Par crosses Ghajini globally to emerge Aamir Khan's 6th highest grosser; Dangal retains top spot |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-sitaare-zameen-par-crosses-ghajini-globally-to-emerge-aamir-khans-6th-highest-grosser-dangal-retains-top-spot-1392587 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref> Following this, Deshmukh returned to Telugu and Kannada films with the bilingual film ''Junior'', where she played a corporate boss.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genelia D'Souza credits South Indian cinema for her most memorable roles ahead of 'Junior' release: Blessed to have received such opportunities |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/genelia-dsouza-credits-south-indian-cinema-for-her-most-memorable-roles-ahead-of-junior-release-blessed-to-have-received-such-opportunities/articleshow/122314610.cms |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Sangeeta Devi Dundoo opined that tasked with emotional heft Genelia "brings maturity and restraint", despite being constrained by the plot.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title=Junior movie review: Genelia, Kireeti-starrer is a partly-entertaining, albeit dated drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/junior-movie-review-genelia-kireeti-starrer-is-a-partly-entertaining-albeit-dated-drama/article69826037.ece |access-date=18 July 2025 |website=The Hindu |date=18 July 2025 }}</ref>

Deshmukh will next star in her co-production ''Raja Shivaji'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/riteish-deshmukh-raja-shivaji-global-multi-language-release-1236404678/ |title=Riteish Deshmukh's historical epic 'Raja Shivaji' sets global multi-language release |date=21 May 2025 |access-date=22 May 2025 |work=Variety }}</ref> in ''Gunmaster G9'' opposite [[Emraan Hashmi]] and in ''Police Station Mein Bhoot'' opposite [[Manoj Bajpayee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genelia D'Souza: Breaking stereotypes: From 'Sitaare Zameen Par' box-office victory to her next film 'Gunmaster G9' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/genelia-dsouza-breaking-stereotypes-from-sitaare-zameen-par-box-office-victory-to-her-next-film-gunmaster-g9-13905227.html |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Genelia D'Souza and Ritesh Deshmukh.jpg|thumb|D'Souza with husband [[Ritesh Deshmukh]] at the Lakme Fashion Week 2013]]

D'Souza is deeply religious and says that she regularly attends Sunday Mass at St. Anne's Parish (Bandra), and whenever the family is home, a part of their evening is reserved for saying the [[rosary]] together.<ref name="god">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mobile/report.asp?n=1247041 |title=I'm God's favourite child: Genelia D'Souza |last=Tahseen |first=Ismat |newspaper=[[DNA (newspaper)|Daily News and Analysis]] (DNA) |date=11 April 2009 |access-date=1 January 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100104004442/http://www.dnaindia.com/mobile/report.asp?n=1247041 |archive-date=4 January 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]'', she comments, "I keep a Novena every Wednesday at [[St. Michael's Church (Mumbai)|St. Michael's Church]] in [[Mahim]]."<ref name="ban"/> In an interview with ''[[DNA (newspaper)|Daily News and Analysis]]'', she said, "My communication with God is conversational, [...] I'm God's favourite child; I believe that God has always been kind to me."<ref name="god"/>

Tabloids repeatedly linked D'Souza romantically with [[Ritesh Deshmukh]], ever since they starred together in their debut film ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]'' in 2003.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Still-denying-Rtiesh-Genelia/articleshow/4597375.cms |title=Still denying Ritesh, Genelia? |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=30 May 2009 |last=Jha |first=Subash K. |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060821/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-30/news-interviews/28207146_1_ritesh-deshmukh-tujhe-meri-kasam-debut-film |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref> They were reportedly ready to get engaged, but Ritesh's father, the then–Maharashtra Chief Minister, [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]] did not agree.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2008/aug/25slide9.htm |work=Rediff News |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=Genelia D'Souza: Age 21 |access-date=4 August 2008 |date=25 August 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607045135/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2008/aug/25slide9.htm |archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> D'Souza later denied any rumours of a relationship with Deshmukh, and responds that she was just friends with him.<ref name="hin1"/> However, the couple eventually got married on 3 February 2012, according to Marathi marriage traditions in a [[Hindu wedding]] ceremony,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Genelia-DSouza-weds-Riteish-Deshmukh/articleshow/11741452.cms |title=Riteish Deshmukh weds Genelia D'Souza |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 February 2012 |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-date=9 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709204611/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-03/news-interviews/31020719_1_riteish-and-genelia-genelia-d-souza-riteish-deshmukh |url-status=live}}</ref> they had a [[Marriage#Christianity|Christian wedding]] in the church on next day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-ritiesh-and-genelia-s-church-wedding/20120206.htm |work=Rediff News |publisher=[[Rediff]] |title=PIX: Riteish and Genelia's church wedding |access-date=3 March 2012 |date=6 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304165827/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pix-ritiesh-and-genelia-s-church-wedding/20120206.htm |archive-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> The couple's first child, a son named Riaan, was born on 25 November 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Riteish-Deshmukh-Genelia-blessed-with-son/articleshow/45273691.cms |title=Riteish Deshmukh-Genelia blessed with son |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |access-date=26 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125170543/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Riteish-Deshmukh-Genelia-blessed-with-son/articleshow/45273691.cms |archive-date=25 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/genelia-dsouza-announces-their-sons-name-riaan-riteish-deshmukh/516787-8-66.html |title=Genelia D'Souza announces their son's name: Riaan Riteish Deshmukh |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=6 December 2014 |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207002044/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/genelia-dsouza-announces-their-sons-name-riaan-riteish-deshmukh/516787-8-66.html |archive-date=7 December 2014}}</ref> Their second son, Rahyl, was born on 1 June 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-it-s-a-boy-riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-d-souza-welcome-their-second-child-2218657 |title=It's a Boy! Riteish Deshmukh and Genelia D'Souza welcome their second child |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |date=1 June 2016 |access-date=1 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602025934/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-it-s-a-boy-riteish-deshmukh-and-genelia-d-souza-welcome-their-second-child-2218657 |archive-date=2 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Riteish Deshmukh and Genelia blessed with baby boy |date=June 2016 |url=http://chennaivision.com/genelia-blessed-with-baby-boy/ |access-date=3 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804104024/http://chennaivision.com/genelia-blessed-with-baby-boy/ |archive-date=4 August 2016}}</ref>

==Off-screen work==
D'Souza was a part of Tamil director [[Mani Ratnam]]'s stage show, ''[[Netru, Indru, Naalai]]'', an event which seeks to raise funds for [[The Banyan]], a voluntary organisation which rehabilitates homeless women with mental illness in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/31/stories/2006013102720200.htm |title=Netru, Indru, Nalai is back with a bang |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=31 January 2006 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Kamath |first=Sudish |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182634/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/31/stories/2006013102720200.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> She was one of the judges at the grand finale of [[Gladrags Manhunt Contest|Gladrags Mega Model and Manhunt 2009]] contest on 28 March 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gladrags.in/contests/megamodel_manhunt/09/judges3.html |title=Judges (MegaModel & Manhunt 09) |publisher=[[Gladrags Manhunt Contest|Gladrags]] |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182631/http://www.gladrags.in/contests/megamodel_manhunt/09/judges3.html |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> She also walked the ramp alongside [[Tushar Kapoor]] for fashion designer [[Manish Malhotra]] at the Lakme Fashion Week 2009 on 28 March 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/stars-dazzle-at-lakme-fashion-weeks-first-day/88944-8.html |title=Stars dazzle at Lakme Fashion Week's first day |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=29 April 2009 |access-date=3 January 2010 |last=Mahaldar |first=Manisha |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401184219/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/stars-dazzle-at-lakme-fashion-weeks-first-day/88944-8.html |archive-date=1 April 2009}}</ref> On 5 April 2009, D'Souza was among several Hindi film celebrities to perform at the [[Femina Miss India|Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009]] finale in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/news-diary/PFMI-2009-And-the-Miss-India-crown-goes-to/articleshow/4932634.cms |title=PFMI 2009: and the Miss India crown goes to... |work=[[Femina Miss India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]] |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216015039/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/news-diary/PFMI-2009-And-the-Miss-India-crown-goes-to/articleshow/4932634.cms |archive-date=16 February 2010}}</ref> In October 2009, she appeared as a showstopper for jewellery designer [[Farah Khan Ali]] on the second season of Housing Development and Infrastructure Limited (HDIL) India Couture Week.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Sridevi-Genelia-to-walk-the-ramp-Couture-Week-Day-1/articleshow/5114892.cms |title=Sridevi, Genelia to walk the ramp, Couture Week, Day 1 |work=Indiatimes Movies |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=12 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015095532/http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Sridevi-Genelia-to-walk-the-ramp-Couture-Week-Day-1/articleshow/5114892.cms |archive-date=15 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/gallerydetails.aspx?category=Movies&id=4790&picno=5&section=Bollywood%20&ShowID=0#BD |title=Stars shine at Couture Week |work=NDTV Movies |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902125255/http://movies.ndtv.com/gallerydetails.aspx?category=Movies&id=4790&picno=5&section=Bollywood%20&ShowID=0#BD |archive-date=2 September 2011}}</ref>

In 2009, D'Souza hosted ''[[Big Switch]]'', a television show based on slum kids to reach a bigger audience.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/genelia-to-host-a-show-based-on-slum-kids/522381/ |title=Genelia to host a show based on slum kids |first=Natasha |last=Sahgal |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=28 September 2009 |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225042956/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/genelia-to-host-a-show-based-on-slum-kids/522381 |archive-date=25 December 2009}}</ref><ref name="toibs">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-24/tv/28087125_1_slum-bindass-big-switch-genelia |title=Genelia: Slumming it out! |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=24 October 2009 |last=Rasquinha |first=Reagan Gavin |archive-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118055140/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-24/tv/28087125_1_slum-bindass-big-switch-genelia |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-29/news-interviews/28105904_1_genelia-d-souza-genelia-d-souza-s-big-switch |title=Genelia has the Big Switch! |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=29 September 2009 |last=Bansal |first=Shilpa |archive-date=25 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025182512/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-29/news-interviews/28105904_1_genelia-d-souza-genelia-d-souza-s-big-switch |url-status=dead}}</ref> She unveiled Spinz Black Magic deodorant on 7 October 2009 in Mumbai, and the Ceres Store retail outlet.<ref name="deo">{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=66659&n_tit=Genelia+Unveils+New+Spinz+Black+Magic+Perfume+Deodorant |title=Genelia Unveils New Spinz Black Magic Perfume Deodorant |date=7 October 2009 |access-date=23 August 2008 |publisher=[[Daijiworld|Daijiworld Media]] |archive-date=25 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025120601/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=66659&n_tit=Genelia+Unveils+New+Spinz+Black+Magic+Perfume+Deodorant |url-status=live}}</ref> At the Chennai International Fashion Week (CIFW) in December 2009, she appeared as a showstopper for designer Ishita Singh's spring–summer indigenous collection of 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/shows/CIFW-Day-1-Ishita-strikes-jugalbandi-with-Genelia/articleshow/5347001.cms |title=CIFW Day 1: Ishita strikes jugalbandi with Genelia |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=17 December 2009 |last=Tarunya |first=Suresh |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060718/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-17/shows/28060893_1_cifw-day-jugalbandi-colours |url-status=live}}</ref> She was a part of online market portal [[eBay]]'s 2010 "Dream House" challenge, where she transformed an empty three-room apartment in [[Bandra]] into an attractive home with online shopping. She had been provided a budget of {{INRConvert|450000}} and two weeks to create a look she wants with items on sale on the website.<ref>{{cite news |title=Football helps Genelia stay fit |date=22 August 2010 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Football-helps-Genelia-stay-fit/articleshow/6386905.cms |access-date=15 November 2010 |archive-date=4 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104000301/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-22/news-interviews/28302117_1_genelia-d-souza-management-student-actress |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pages.ebay.in/dreamhouse2010/index.html |title=The eBay DreamHouse |access-date=15 November 2010 |publisher=[[eBay|eBay India]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823043834/http://pages.ebay.in/dreamhouse2010/index.html |archive-date=23 August 2010}}</ref> On the occasion of [[Children's Day]] (14 November), D'Souza auctioned a few items from the apartment. All proceeds received from the auction were given to ''Aseema'', a Non–governmental organisation (NGO), which aims to provide education to underprivileged children.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genelia to auction items for charity |date=11 November 2010 |work=Galatta |publisher=[[Yahoo! Movies]] |url=http://qa.in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=106194 |access-date=27 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182631/http://qa.in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail.html?news_id=106194 |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> In 2021, D'Souza turned an entrepreneur and started a plant based meat brand with her husband, named "Imagine Meats".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hospitality.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/operations/food-and-beverages/people-who-want-a-flexitarian-or-plant-based-lifestyle-dont-have-enough-choice-genelia-deshmukh/113049521 |title=People who want a flexitarian or plant-based lifestyle don't have enough choice: Genelia Deshmukh |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=Economic Times }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/riteish-genelia-deshmukh-announce-their-plant-based-product-imagine-meats-couple-gets-a-shoutout-from-srk/articleshow/86095358.cms?from=mdr |title=Riteish & Genelia Deshmukh announce their plant-based product 'Imagine Meats'; couple gets a shoutout from SRK |access-date=19 September 2021 |work=Economic Times |date=10 September 2021 }}</ref>

==In the media==
[[File:Genelia Dsouza at Ebay Dream House (2010).jpg|left|alt=A smiling girl, her hair in a loose bun and long brownish bangs, poses on stage in a coloured outfit, holding a book|thumb|D'Souza at the eBay "Dream House" launch, in 2010]]

D'Souza has been considered in the media as one of the leading South Indian actresses of the 2000s.<ref name="Telugu2006">{{cite news |url=https://m.rediff.com/yearend/2006/dec/28yrsli4.htm |title=Best of Telugu Heroines |work=Rediff.com |access-date=12 January 2009 |date=28 December 2006 |archive-date=14 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014060746/https://m.rediff.com/yearend/2006/dec/28yrsli4.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/i-have-to-maintain-5-film-industries-the-leading-lady-in-five-film-industries-genelia-d-souza-says-she-is-more-than-just-a-frequent-flier/cid/449075 |title=The leading lady in five film industries, Genelia D'Souza says she is more than just a frequent flier |work=The Telegraph India |access-date=18 January 2014 |date=10 December 2012 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211060746/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/i-have-to-maintain-5-film-industries-the-leading-lady-in-five-film-industries-genelia-d-souza-says-she-is-more-than-just-a-frequent-flier/cid/449075 |url-status=live}}</ref> She has been often tagged by the media as the "bubbly girl", after portraying the role of a young energetic girl in several movies, particularly in ''[[Bommarillu]]'' (2006) and ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]'' (2008).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Genelias-the-new-bubbly-girl/articleshow/4310080.cms |title=Genelia's the new bubbly girl |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=25 March 2009 |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060746/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-25/news-interviews/28053296_1_genelia-d-souza-s-homepage-preity-zinta-jaane-tu |url-status=live}}</ref> D'Souza holds a Limca world record of delivering four successful [super hit] films in four different languages: ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' (Telugu), ''[[Satya in Love]]'' (Kannada), ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]'' (Tamil) and ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]'' (Hindi), in a span of one calendar year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/08/29/stories/2009082950200200.htm |title=Genial Genelia |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 August 2009 |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182600/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/08/29/stories/2009082950200200.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> In ''[[Rediff.com]]''{{'}}s "Best Telugu Actresses" list, D'Souza was placed 4th in 2006, 3rd in 2007 and 1st in 2008.<ref name="Telugu2006" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Telugu actresses of 2007 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=30 December 2015 |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/20sd3.htm |archive-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112055626/https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/dec/20sd3.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Telugu2008" /> In 2008, D'Souza was also placed 3rd in "Best Bollywood Actresses" and 5th in "Best Tamil Actresses" list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Actresses 2008 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=30 December 2017 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/05slide8-best-actresses-2008.htm |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219055626/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2009/jan/05slide8-best-actresses-2008.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Tamil Actresses 2008 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=30 December 2016 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/30sld5-top-tamil-actresses-2008.htm |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829055626/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/30sld5-top-tamil-actresses-2008.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> D'Souza was placed 27th in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s "50 Beautiful Faces" list.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photos - 50 Beautiful Faces: 100 years of Indian Cinema |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 December 2021 |url=https://m.photos.timesofindia.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/50-beautiful-faces-100-years-of-indian-cinema/morphshow/19713287.cms}}</ref>

D'Souza appeared alongside [[Shahid Kapoor]] on the fourth episode of ''[[Tere Mere Beach Mein]]'', a celebrity chat show, hosted by [[Farah Khan]]. The theme of the show was "Second Innings" since both D'Souza and Kapoor had the same history of failures initially and success later in their acting careers.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.starplus.in/tmbm/recap/ep4_shahid_genelia.asp |title=Episode 4 – Guests: Shahid Kapoor and Genelia (Theme: Second Innings) |work=[[Tere Mere Beach Mein]]|publisher=[[STAR Plus]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116223801/http://www.starplus.in/tmbm/recap/ep4_shahid_genelia.asp |archive-date=16 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Salman-still-takes-pocket-money-Farah/articleshow/4897815.cms |title=Salman still takes pocket money: Farah |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 January 2010 |date=17 August 2009 |first=Anuradha |last=Varma |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811060813/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-17/news-interviews/28198800_1_farah-khan-celebs-karan-johar |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2010, D'Souza was crowned as the "Brand Ambassador of the Year" at the [[CNBC Awaaz]] consumer awards, for endorsing nine brands.<ref name="brand">{{cite news |title=Genelia's the brand ambassador of the year |date=30 June 2010 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Genelias-the-brand-ambassador-of-the-year/articleshow/6105924.cms |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |access-date=20 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711102724/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Genelias-the-brand-ambassador-of-the-year/articleshow/6105924.cms |archive-date=11 July 2010}}</ref> She is now the brand ambassador of the soft drink [[Fanta]] (replacing [[Rani Mukherjee]]), the chocolate Perk (replacing [[Preity Zinta]]),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/06/18/stories/2009061850380400.htm |title=Brand new faces |access-date=1 January 2010 |first=Harshikaa |last=Udasi |date=18 June 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182554/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/06/18/stories/2009061850380400.htm |archive-date=12 May 2011}}</ref> [[Virgin Mobile India]] (along with [[Ranbir Kapoor]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://virginmobile.in/admin/panel/media_release_pdf/GSM%20launch%20South%2021%20Jan%202010.pdf |title=India's Youth Brand 'Virgin Mobile' – Now in GSM |access-date=20 September 2010 |date=21 January 2010 |publisher=[[Virgin Mobile]] |quote=As another initiative to inch closer to the youth and take the brand to the next level, Ranbir Kapoor and Genelia D'Souza have been appointed as the new brand ambassadors for Virgin Mobile in India. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225216/http://virginmobile.in/admin/panel/media_release_pdf/GSM%20launch%20South%2021%20Jan%202010.pdf |archive-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> Fastrack watches and accessories,<ref>{{cite web |title=Fastrack Says Genelia |date=4 May 2010 |publisher=Fastrack |url=http://www.fastrack.in/In_news/In_News.aspx?terms=Press%20Releases&post=291 |access-date=20 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030122428/http://fastrack.in/In_news/In_News.aspx?terms=Press%20Releases&post=291 |archive-date=30 October 2010}}</ref> [[List of LG mobile phones|LG mobiles]] (along with [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]] and [[Abhay Deol]]),<ref>{{cite news |title=LG eyes 10% market share in mobile handset |date=18 February 2010 |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|work=[[Business Standard]] |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/lg-eyes-10-market-share-in-mobile-handset/86184/on |access-date=20 September 2010 |quote=The company has roped in Bollywood stars John Abraham, Genelia D Souza and Abhay Deol to be the face of LG Mobiles. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603215101/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/lg-eyes-10-market-share-in-mobile-handset/86184/on |archive-date=3 June 2010}}</ref> [[Garnier]] Light fairness cream,<ref>{{cite news |title=Genelia to endorse fairness cream |date=29 January 2010 |work=Indiatimes Movies |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/5513147.cms |access-date=20 September 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718002919/http://movies.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/5513147.cms |archive-date=18 July 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dabur]] Vatika hair oil, [[Margo (soap)|Margo]] soap,<ref name="brand"/> and Spinz deodorant.<ref name="deo"/>

==Controversy==
{{Criticism section|date=July 2025}}
In June 2010, she was the subject of a controversy when a Tamil daily reported that she had attended the controversial [[11th IIFA Awards|2010 IIFA Awards]] in [[Colombo]].<ref name="boycott"/> It is evident that a number of actors from the [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film industry]], in conjunction with the South Indian film industry, participated in a collective refusal to attend the event in question. This decision was made in response to the alleged massacre of Tamil civilians during the period of conflict between the [[Sri Lanka Army|Sri Lankan Army]] and the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Skip IIFA: South Indian film industry to Bollywood |date=29 May 2010 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/72288/skip-iifa-south-indian-film.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=24 September 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612113939/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/72288/skip-iifa-south-indian-film.html |archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref> The rumours of her visit to Colombo started after Ritesh Deshmukh was seen at the festival in Colombo, Immediately, various Tamil groups and [[Kollywood]] associations demanded her films to be banned.<ref name="boycott">{{cite news |first=Sreedhar |last=Pillai |title=Genelia to miss IIFA! |date=6 June 2010 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Genelia-to-miss-IIFA/articleshow/6015127.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 September 2010 |archive-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716133539/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-06/news-interviews/28306885_1_genelia-iifa-tamil-films |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, a controversy broke out for her film ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]'', in a wedding sequence of herself and [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]]. Sources claim that the wedding ceremony and rituals conducted were so authentic that they would have actually been husband and wife in real life.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shah |first=Kunal M |title=John-Genelia almost married |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-17/news-interviews/29137873_1_genelia-d-souza-genelia-d-souza-saat-pheras |access-date=4 October 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028083022/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-17/news-interviews/29137873_1_genelia-d-souza-genelia-d-souza-saat-pheras |url-status=dead}}</ref> Instead of a junior artiste, a real priest was called for the scene. Again, following reports of [[Ritesh Deshmukh]] and D'Souza's wedding plans, the priest landed at producer [[Vipul Amrutlal Shah]]'s office to register a complaint. He insisted that the couple couldn't get married, as D'Souza has been already married to John Abraham, as all wedding rituals were observed, from wearing a ''[[mangalsutra]]'' (a sacred thread worn by married Indian women), to exchanging garlands and taking the [[Saptapadi|seven steps]] around the holy fire.<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Tushar |title='Genelia D'Souza is married to John Abraham' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Genelia-DSouza-is-married-to-John-Abraham/articleshow/9149188.cms |access-date=4 October 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 July 2011 |archive-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028083703/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-09/news-interviews/29751494_1_genelia-d-souza-saat-pheras-wedding |url-status=live}}</ref> Shah dismissed the claims as a publicity stunt.<ref>{{cite news |title=Genelia, John not married: Vipul Shah |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110179718&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=118185 |access-date=4 October 2011 |publisher=NDTV Movies |date=10 July 2011 |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714050814/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110179718&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=118185 |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003
| ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]''
| Anjali "Anju" Khanna
| [[Hindi]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]''
| Harini
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| Credited as Harini
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://search.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/15look.htm |title=Genelia was credited as Harini |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608141750/http://search.rediff.com/movies/2004/dec/15look.htm |archive-date=8 June 2015}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]''
| Ankita
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2004
| ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]''
| Bindiya Saxena
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]''
| Sandhya
| rowspan="3" | Telugu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]''
| Indu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2005
| ''[[Naa Alludu]]''
| Gagana
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sachein]]''
| Shalini
| Tamil
|
|
|-
| ''[[Subash Chandra Bose (film)|Subhash Chandra Bose]]''
| Anitha
| rowspan="4" | Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2006
| ''[[Happy (2006 film)|Happy]]''
| Madhu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Raam (2006 film)|Raam]]''
| Lakshmi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bommarillu (2006 film)|Bommarillu]]''
| Hasini Rao
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chennai Kadhal]]''
| Narmada
| Tamil
|
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]''
| Puja
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2008
| ''[[Mr. Medhavi]]''
| Swetha
|
|
|-
| ''[[Satya in Love]]''
| Veda
| [[Kannada]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]''
| Hasini Govindan
| Tamil
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]''
| Shikha Kapur
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]''
| Puja
| Telugu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na]]''
| Aditi "Meow" Mahant
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[King (2008 film)|King]]''
| Herself
| rowspan="2" | Telugu
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009
| ''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Parinayam]]''
| Sasirekha
|
|
|-
| ''[[Life Partner (film)|Life Partner]]''
| Sanjana Jugran
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Katha (2009 film)|Katha]]''
| Chitra Singh
| Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2010
| ''[[Chance Pe Dance]]''
| Tina Sharma
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Uthamaputhiran (2010 film)|Uthamaputhiran]]''
| Pooja Padmanabhan
| Tamil
|
|
|-
| ''[[Orange (2010 Telugu film)|Orange]]''
| Jaanu
| Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011
| ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
| Ayesha/ Urmila{{efn|D'Souza played dual characters in the film}}
| [[Malayalam]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]''
| Maya Singh
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Velayudham]]''
| Bharathi
| Tamil
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| ''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]''
| Mini Bhatti
| Hindi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Naa Ishtam]]''
| Krishnaveni Naidu
| Telugu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Jai Ho (film)|Jai Ho]]''
| Suman Sharma
| Hindi
| rowspan="3"| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Lai Bhaari]]''
| Herself
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Force 2]]''
| Maya Singh
| Hindi
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Mauli (film)|Mauli]]''
| Herself
| Marathi
| Cameo; also producer
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[It's My Life (film)|It's My Life]]''
| Muskaan Mathur
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2020 |title=Genelia D'Souza-starrer 'It's My Life' to have direct-to-TV release |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/06/genelia-dsouza-starrer-its-my-life-to-have-direct-to-tv-release-2220154.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 December 2020 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106071009/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/nov/06/genelia-dsouza-starrer-its-my-life-to-have-direct-to-tv-release-2220154.html }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan='2'|2022
| ''[[Mister Mummy]]''
| Gugloo
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Nairita |title=Mister Mummy First Look Out: Ritesh Deshmukh, Genelia are heavily pregnant in this comedy drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/mister-mummy-first-look-out-ritesh-deshmukh-genelia-are-heavily-pregnant-in-this-comedy-drama-1908632-2022-02-04 |access-date=26 December 2023 |publisher=India Today |date=4 February 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
| Shravani Jadhav
| Marathi
| Also producer
|<ref name="Bollywood Hungama"/>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Trial Period]]''
| Anamaya "Ana" Roy Choudhary
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Trial Period' trailer: Genelia Deshmukh, Manav Kaul star in a tale of imperfect families|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/trial-period-trailer-genelia-deshmukh-manav-kaul-star-in-a-tale-of-imperfect-families/article67053688.ece|access-date=13 July 2023|website=The Hndu|date=7 July 2023|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707221145/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/trial-period-trailer-genelia-deshmukh-manav-kaul-star-in-a-tale-of-imperfect-families/article67053688.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2025
| ''[[Sitaare Zameen Par]]''
| Sunita
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aamir-khan-genelia-dsouza-share-laugh-behind-scenes-sitaare-zameen-par-see-photo/|title=Aamir Khan and Genelia D'Souza share a laugh in behind-the-scenes of Sitaare Zameen Par|date=19 March 2024|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Junior (2025 film)|Junior]]''
| rowspan="2" | Vijaya Soujanya
| Telugu
| rowspan="2" | Bilingual film
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/genelia-dsouza-makes-comeback-acting-after-decade-telugu-kannada-movie-1038962?amp |title=Genelia D'Souza makes her comeback to South films after a decade with Telugu-Kannada bilingual |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307191029/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/genelia-dsouza-makes-comeback-acting-after-decade-telugu-kannada-movie-1038962?amp |work=Pinkvilla |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Kannada
|-
| [[Mastiii 4|''Mastiii 4'']]
| Herself
| Hindi
| Special appearance in song "Pakad Pakad"
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Genelia Deshmukh features in a cameo in Masti 4 : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-genelia-deshmukh-features-cameo-masti-4/ |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| {{Pending film|italic=no|''[[Raja Shivaji (film)|Raja Shivaji]]''}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Marathi Hindi
| Also producer; Post-production
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/genelia-deshmukh-on-returning-to-acting-full-time-id-love-to-see-a-lot-more-roles-written-for-a-working-mum-101738815253597-amp.html | title=Genelia Deshmukh on returning to acting full time: I'd love to see a lot more roles written for a working mum | newspaper=Hindustan Times |quote=Raja Shivaji just went on floors, and we'll be shooting a tight schedule. |access-date=16 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
| TBA
| {{Pending film|italic=no|''Police Station Mein Bhoot''}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Hindi
| Filming
|<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/ram-gopal-varma-announces-genelia-dsouza-will-scare-all-in-his-next-film-police-station-mein-bhoot-praises-sitaare-zameen-par-2746524-2025-06-26 | title=RGV announces sweet-innocent Genelia will scare all in his next, 'Police Station Mein Bhoot' | newspaper=India Today |access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Big Switch]]''
| rowspan="2"| Host
| Season 1
|<ref name="toibs" />
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2020 |title=Riteish Deshmukh and Genelia D'souza to settle the age-old gender debate with their show Ladies Vs Gentlemen |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-genelia-dsouza-settle-age-old-gender-debate-show-ladies-vs-gentlemen/ |access-date=18 November 2020 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118060931/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-genelia-dsouza-settle-age-old-gender-debate-show-ladies-vs-gentlemen/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Accolades ==
D'Souza is a recipient of several awards including a [[Filmfare Award South]], two [[Nandi Awards]], two [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] and three [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?|Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Awards]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2004
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Star Screen Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Female|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]]
| ''[[Tujhe Meri Kasam]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Screen Awards: Shocks & surprises |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/screen-awards-shocks--surprises-news-bollywood-kkfvNPjehfhsi.html |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |authorlink=Subhash K. Jha |date=18 January 2004 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107105835/http://www.sify.com/movies/screen-awards-shocks-surprises-news-bollywood-kkfvNPjehfhsi.html |archive-date=7 January 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards]]
| Best Female Debut
| ''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/cinemaaawards2003.html|title=Telugu CineMaa Awards 2003|work=Idlebrain.com|date=5 November 2004|access-date=19 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819070613/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/cinemaaawards2003.html|archive-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Female|Breakthrough Performance – Female]]
| ''[[Masti (2004 film)|Masti]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnnworld.com/stardust.php|title=Stardust Awards – Celebrating New Talent|last=Motwani|first=Ashok|date=21 February 2005|website=Diaspora News & Network|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060014/https://www.dnnworld.com/stardust.php}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2007
| [[Nandi Awards of 2006|Nandi Awards]]
| [[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury – Best Actress]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[Bommarillu]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
|-
| [[54th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareswards2007.html|title=54th Fair One Filmfare Awards 2006 - Telugu cinema function|website=idlebrain.com|accessdate=8 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208152340/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/filmfareswards2007.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Santosham Film Awards]]
| [[Santosham Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/santoshamawards-dubai.html |title=Directors building inaugurated - Telugu cinema function |access-date=13 August 2012 |archive-date=20 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320121412/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/santoshamawards-dubai.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| [[55th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/The-award-goes-to/articleshow/3211594.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024084947/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-07-09/news-interviews/27950090_1_mantra-happy-days-allu-arjun|url-status=live|archive-date=2012-10-24|title=The award goes to..| access-date=2009-07-26|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2008-07-09}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7"| 2009
| rowspan="2"| [[2nd Vijay Awards|Vijay Awards]]
| [[Vijay Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| rowspan="3"| ''[[Santosh Subramaniam]]''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starboxoffice.com/kollywood/vijayawards/about.html |title=The 2nd annual Vijay Awards 2007 |accessdate=14 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726022319/http://www.starboxoffice.com/kollywood/vijayawards/about.html |archivedate=26 July 2008 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine|Favorite Heroine]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[56th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-glowing-filmfare-night/etarticleshow/4845798.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026031715/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-02/news-interviews/28177373_1_black-lady-award-film |url-status=live |archive-date=26 October 2012 |first1=Srinivasa |last1=Ramanjuam |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=The glowing filmfare night! |date=2 August 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
| [[Producers Guild Film Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role|Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-of-4th-apsara-film-television-producers-guild-awards/|title=Nominations of 4th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Awards|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=23 November 2009|access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|title=15th Star Screen Awards Nominations|url=http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/nomination.html|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|access-date=1 August 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20090121184925/http://screenindia.com/screenaward09/nomination.html|archivedate=21 January 2009}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress – Popular Choice]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Female|Superstar of Tomorrow – Female]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/10/4832/index.html |title=Nominations for Pan Bahar Max Stardust Awards 2009 |access-date=12 September 2020 |author=Bollywood Hungama News Network |date=10 February 2009 |work=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921004531/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/10/4832/index.html |archivedate=21 September 2011 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2010
| [[Nandi Awards of 2009|Nandi Awards]]
| [[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury – Best Actress]]
| ''[[Katha (2009 film)|Katha]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2010 |title='Magadheera' bags nine Nandi awards |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/magadheera-bags-nine-nandi-awards/article818931.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728035907/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/magadheera-bags-nine-nandi-awards/article818931.ece |archive-date=28 July 2015 |access-date=28 July 2015 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards]]
| Best Actor – Female
| ''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Parinayam]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 August 2010 |title=Cine'Maa' Awards'10: 'Magadheera' grabs it all |website=IndiaGlitz |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/cine-maa-awards-10--magadheera-grabs-it-all-telugu-news-59471 |access-date=12 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112131605/http://www.indiaglitz.com/cine-maa-awards-10--magadheera-grabs-it-all-telugu-news-59471 |archive-date=12 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2012
| [[Asiavision Awards]]
| Best Actress
| ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2011/Nov/11/asiavision-movie-awards-announced-309172.html|title=Asiavision Movie Awards 2011 Announced|work=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2012 |access-date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Actress (Popular Choice)|Best Actress – Popular Choice]]
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Force (2011 film)|Force]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for Stardust Awards 2013 |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4437 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125021050/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4437 |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=23 January 2012 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Best Actress in a Thriller or Action|Best Actress in a Thriller or Action]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>[http://screen.indianexpress.com/screenawards2013/winners_2013.php "Winner's of 19th Annual Screen Awards"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114220338/http://screen.indianexpress.com/screenawards2013/winners_2013.php |date=14 January 2013 }} Retrieved 22 January 2013</ref>
|-
| [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
| Most Entertaining Actor in a Comedy Film - Female
| ''[[Tere Naal Love Ho Gaya]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=3rd Annual BIG Star Entertainment Awards Nominations |url=http://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/sridevi/3rd-annual-big-star-entertainment-awards-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915081459/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainmenttags/sridevi/3rd-annual-big-star-entertainment-awards-nominations |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015
| [[16th IIFA Awards|International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| Best Regional Film
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Lai Bhaari]]''
| {{won}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite news|title='Queen' wins top honours at IIFA |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/queen-wins-top-honours-at-iifa-115060800067_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=8 June 2015 |date=8 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924132306/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/queen-wins-top-honours-at-iifa-115060800067_1.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
| rowspan="2"| [[MFK Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]
| {{won}}
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Faster Fene]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-18 |title=झी टॉकीज प्रस्तुत महाराष्ट्राचा फेव्हरेट कोण? २०१७ चा दिमाखदार पुरस्कार सोहळा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2017/407192 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| [[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
| Most Stylish Power Couple (with [[Riteish Deshmukh]])
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokmat Most Stylish Awards Winners: From Abhishek Bachchan, Shraddha Kapoor, Ananya Panday to Genelia and Riteish Deshmukh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-winners-from-abhishek-bachchan-shraddha-kapoor-ananya-panday-to-genelia-and-riteish-deshmukh/articleshow/94575882.cms |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=October 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8"| 2023
| [[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi|Best Actress – Marathi]]
| rowspan="8"| ''[[Ved (film)|Ved]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=7th Planet Marathi Presents Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022: As it happened |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/7th-planet-marathi-presents-filmfare-awards-marathi-2022-live-updates-winners-red-carpet-news-photos-videos/liveblog/99116651.cms |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=The Times of India |date=31 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[14th MFK Awards|Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
| [[MFK Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]
| {{won}}
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borade |first=Aarti Vilas |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: 'महाराष्ट्राचा फेव्हरेट कोण' पुरस्कारांमध्ये नवा पुरस्कार, जाणून घ्या कोणता |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-award-2024-new-category-added-141705307626751.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| [[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|Favourite Actress]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Popular Face of the Year
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
| Best Film – Viewer's Choice
| {{won}}
|rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adsul |first=Nilesh |date=2023-03-06 |title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023: कुणाला मिळणार 'झी चित्र गौरव' २०२३ पुरस्कार.. नामांकन यादी जाहीर.. |trans-title=Zee Chitra Gaurav 2023: Who will get 'Zee Chitra Gaurav' 2023 Award.. Nomination List Announced.|url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/zee-chitra-gaurav-2023-nomination-list-announced-nsa95 |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Favourite Actress
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[23rd IIFA Awards|International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| Outstanding Performance in Regional Cinema
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/iifa-2023-winners-full-list-hrithik-roshan-and-alia-bhatt-bag-best-actors-brahmastra-and-gangubai-kathiawadi-win-big-101685243505209.html | title=IIFA 2023 winners full list: Hrithik Roshan and Alia Bhatt bag best actors, Brahmastra and Gangubai Kathiawadi win big | date=28 May 2023 | accessdate=28 May 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| [[Bollywood Hungama Style Icons]]
| Most–Loved Jodi of the Year (with [[Riteish Deshmukh]])
| {{N/A}}
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Complete list of winners of Bollywood Hungama Style Icon Awards 2024|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/winners.php|work=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|access-date=3 May 2024|date=2 May 2024|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414204216/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/style-icons/winners.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Genelia D'Souza}}
*{{IMDb name|id=1299510}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|genelia-dsouza}}
* {{Instagram|geneliad}}
{{Good article}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}
{{Nandi Special Jury Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:D'Souza, Genelia}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Athletes from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:St. Andrew's College of Arts, Science and Commerce alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:People from Marathwada]]
[[Category:Kalarippayattu practitioners]]
[[Category:Indian female martial artists]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]

Bhaukaal (web series)

2026-03-08T12:11:06Z

PGPS: made first info more to come - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| native_name =
| image = Bhaukaal.web series.png
| caption =
| director = Jatin Wagle
| producer = {{ubl|[[Sameer Nair]]|Deepak Segal|Pammi Baweja|[[Harman Baweja]]|Vicky Bahri}}
| company = {{ubl|[[Applause Entertainment]]| [[Baweja Movies]]}}
| story =
| screenplay =
| voices =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Mohit Raina]]
*[[Abhimanyu Singh]]
*[[Siddhanth Kapoor]]
*[[Bidita Bag]]
*[[Gulki Joshi]]
*Ravi Pandey
*Sanyam srivastav
}}
| cinematography =
| editor = Umesh Gupta
| writer = {{ubl|Akash Mohimen|Jay Sheela Bansal|Rohit Chouhan}}
| composer = Gourav Dasgupta & Roshin Balu
| location = India
| runtime =
| genre = Crime drama
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 20
| last_aired = present
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2020|5|11}}
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| network = [[MX Player]]
}}

'''''Bhaukaal''''' is a 2020 [[Hindi-language]] [[crime drama]] web series directed by Jatin Wagle for [[MX Player]]. It is produced by [[Sameer Nair]], Deepak Segal, Pammi Baweja and [[Harman Baweja]] and Vicky Bahri under [[Applause Entertainment]] and [[Baweja Movies|Baweja Movies Production]].<ref>{{cite news |title=If you haven't seen MX Player's 'Bhaukaal' yet, here are 4 reasons that will make you binge-watch the series now! |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/if-you-havent-seen-mx-players-bhaukaal-yet-here-are-4-reasons-that-will-make-you-binge-watch-the-series-now/articleshow/74597471.cms |website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Best series on MX Player: High, Aashram, Raktanchal, Bhaukaal and others |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/best-shows-available-on-mx-player-6705214/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=14 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MX Player's Crime Drama 'Bhaukaal' Inspired by True Life Events of IPS Officer |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/mx-player-s-crime-drama-bhaukaal-inspired-by-true-life-events-of-ips-officer/article_cf46e49c-654e-11ea-abdc-4b7a2e6c6214.html |website=India West |language=en |access-date=16 January 2021 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406200537/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/mx-player-s-crime-drama-bhaukaal-inspired-by-true-life-events-of-ips-officer/article_cf46e49c-654e-11ea-abdc-4b7a2e6c6214.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The series stars [[Mohit Raina]], [[Abhimanyu Singh]], [[Siddhanth Kapoor]], [[Bidita Bag]], and Pradeep Nagar in key roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhaukaal - An MX Original Series : Episodes, Seasons, Videos, Photos, Synopsis, Cast & Crew of Bhaukaal - An MX Original Series |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/mx-player/bhaukaal-an-mx-original-series/webseriesshow/74612306.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
Naveen Sikhera (Mohit Raina) promoted to Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) and is transferred to the city. Sikhera's transfer is a punishment more than a promotion. The city is ruled by two gangs Shaukeen gang in the east and the Dedha brothers rule the west. The two gangs have divided up turf to carry on with their businesses. These two gangs' terror is on the peak, such that even the local police never dare to question them. IPS officer Naveen Sikhera makes his own way to clean the city as the new SSP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rashmika's Fat Pay Cheque For Big B Movie |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/bollywood/rashmikas-fat-pay-cheque-for-big-b-movie-664815 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en |date=1 January 2021}}</ref>

==Cast==

*[[Mohit Raina]] as [[Senior Superintendent of Police|SSP]] [[Navniet Sekera]]
*[[Abhimanyu Singh]] as Shaukeen
*Upen Chauhan as [[Constable]] Rajesh Yadav
*[[Gulki Joshi]] as Reporter Neha
*[[Bidita Bag]] as Nazneen
*[[Siddhanth Kapoor]] as Chintu Dedha
*[[Pradeep Nagar]] as Pintu Dedha
*[[Shahab Khan]] as Dayanad Sikhera, Navin's Father
*[[Rahul Baisla]] as Gurjan
*[[Sunny Hinduja]] as Farukh Qureshi
*[[Rashmi Rajput]] as Puja Sikhera
*[[Sanyam Srivastav]] as Karim
*Ravi Pandey as Salim / Iftekhar

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt9359338}}

[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:MX Player original programming]]

Vikram I. Shah

2026-03-08T11:24:23Z

PGPS: Adding a entry...

{{Short description|Indian orthopedic surgeon}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dr. Vikram I. Shah
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1962|11|13}}
| occupation = Joint replacement surgeon ([[orthopedic]])
| spouse = Dr. Darshini Shah
| notable_works = Zero Technique<ref name="Global cures bear Gujarati names">{{cite news|title=Many Gadgets, Techniques Developed By City Doctors Have Become International Benchmarks|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp|accessdate=23 May 2024|publisher=Times of India|date=5 December 2014|archive-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141205095319/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|drvikramshah.com}}
}}

'''Dr. Vikram I Shah''' is an Indian orthopedic surgeon in [[Ahmedabad]] and healthcare entrepreneur.<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad">{{cite news|url= http://www.sehat.com/doctors-in-ahmedabad/dr-vikram-shah/177861/1/|title= Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad |publisher= sehat.com}}</ref> Dr Vikram Shah<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shalby.org/doctors/dr-vikram-shah/| title=Dr. Vikram Shah, Shalby Hospital}}</ref> is the Founder, Chairman & Managing Director of [[Shalby Hospitals]], established in 1994 .<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad"/><ref name="fdate">{{cite web|last1=Mulchandani|first1=Anil|title=A long-cherished mission is accomplished|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/health/2012/nov/25/a-long-cherished-mission-is-accomplished-427820.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=21 August 2017}}</ref>

Dr Vikram Shah is known for his significant contributions to the field of [[joint replacement]] surgeries. his contributions in the field of joint replacement have been recognised through [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award|B C Roy International Award]].<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad"/> He is the only Indian surgeon to be selected on the Board of Designers of [[Zimmer Biomet|Zimmer Inc., USA]].<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad"/>

== Early life and education ==
Dr. Vikram I. Shah obtained his M.S. in orthopedics in India after completing his studies at [[B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad|Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College (B J Medical College)]] in Ahmedabad.<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad"/> Following the completion of his masters' degree in 1989, he sought out advanced international training in [[Joint replacement]].

He spent two years at [[Ormskirk District General Hospital|Ormskirk Hospital]] & [[Wrightington Hospital]] in the United Kingdom and continued his specialized education in Switzerland and Germany.<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Top Knee Replacement Surgeon Shalby Hospital Ahmedabad">{{cite news|url= https://www.jointreplacementsurgeryhospitalindia.com/contact-dr-vikram-shah-top-orthopaedic-surgeon-shalby-hospital-ahmedabad-india.php|title= Dr. Vikram Shah, Top Knee Replacement Surgeon Shalby Hospital Ahmedabad |publisher= jointreplacementsurgeryhospitalindia.com}}</ref> He completed his fellowship under Dr. Brice Brackin at the Shelby Medical Centre in Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

== Career ==
Dr. Vikram I Shah has studied MBBS and MS Orthopedic in Ahmedabad. After which, He worked in Ormskirk and Wrightington Hospital, England, for two-and-a-half-years.

He returned to India in the year 1993 and established his first medical center in Ahmedabad. In the year 1994, he established Shalby Hospitals, as a joint replacement centre. (the new indian express). Shalby Hospitals currently has 16 units with over 2000 beds capacity across India.<ref name="Shalby Hospital Ahmedabad, About us">{{cite news|url= https://www.shalby.org/about-us/|title= Shalby Hospital Ahmedabad, About us |publisher=shalby.org/about-us/}}</ref>

Dr. Vikram I Shah has performed over 15,000 successful Knee Surgeries. He carried out 3,000 joint replacement knee surgeries in 2008 alone.<ref name="City’s Dr Vikram Shah creates world record">{{cite news|url= https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-city-s-dr-vikram-shah-creates-world-record-1237955|title= City's Dr Vikram Shah creates world record |publisher= dnaindia.com}}</ref> Shah developed the ‘OS Needle’ (Orthopedic Surgeons’ Needle) which can pass through both bone and soft tissue easily so that an orthopedic surgeon can finish repairing bone and soft tissues quickly. It is claimed that this invention has greatly reduced the surgical time, from a few hours to 8–10 minutes. When this was not available, surgeons had to use complicated soft tissue procedures in which the failure rate was high and recovery time as longer.<ref name="Global cures bear Gujarati names"/>

== Notable achievements ==
He achieved a world record by performing 3,000 knee surgeries in a single center in the year 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-city-s-dr-vikram-shah-creates-world-record-1237955|title= City's Dr Vikram Shah creates world record |publisher= newindianexpress |accessdate= 10 March 2009 }}</ref> In 2012 Shah developed the "zero" technique for TKR, which he claims further reduces the operating time to 7–10 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.indiamedicaltimes.com/2012/02/22/dr-vikram-shah-revolutionises-%E2%80%98total-knee-replacement%E2%80%99-surgery-with-%E2%80%98zero-technique%E2%80%99/|title= Dr Vikram Shah 'revolutionises' total knee replacement surgery with 'zero technique' |publisher= indiamedicaltimes |accessdate= 22 February 2012 }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Vikram Shah is married to Darshini Shah who is a dentist specializing in [[cosmetic dentistry]] and [[dental implant]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/health/article1350478.ece |title= A long-cherished mission is accomplished |publisher= newindianexpress.com |accessdate= 25 November 2012 |archive-date= 30 January 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130130033822/http://newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/health/article1350478.ece |url-status= bot: unknown }}</ref>

== Awards and recognitions ==
* Dr. Vikram Shah got awarded as the “'''Healthcare Entrepreneur of the Year'''” by Hurun, a United Kingdom headquartered organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/markets/shalby-ltd-share-price-40217/announcements/bse-exchange-41439940|title=Dr. Vikram Shah Honored With Prestigious Healthcare Entrepreneur Of India Award By Hurun | publisher=business-standard.com | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
* Dr. Vikram Shah was awarded the prestigious ‘'''Healthcare Personality of the Year Award 2023'''’ by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|(FICCI)]] at the 15th Edition of FICCI Healthcare Excellence Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ficci.in/api/press_release_details/4794|title=Shalby Hospitals founder Dr. Vikram Shah wins FICCI award | publisher=ficci.in | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
* Dr. Shah received 2014: '''Gujarat Innovation Society’s Hercules Award''' for the innovation of “Zero” technique for Joint Replacement Surgeries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/space-applications-centre-director-gets-gujarat-ratna/articleshow/33829065.cms | publisher=timesofindia.com | title=Vikram Shah of Shalby Hospitals was given the Hercules award for his innovation of 'zero defect knee replacement surgery'. | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
* Received '''[[Dr. B. C. Roy Award|B C Roy International Award]]''' for joint replacement surgery in 2003.<ref name="Dr. Vikram Shah, Joint Replacement Surgeon, Ahmedabad"/>
* Award from [[Johnson & Johnson]] for invention of the OS needle.
* Award for '''outstanding work in the medical field by the Ahmedabad Medical Association''' during its 103rd annual meeting in Ahmedabad, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ahmedabadmedicalassociation.com/dr-piyush-v-patel-award.php | publisher=ahmedabadmedicalassociation.com | title=Late Dr. Piyush V. Patel Award | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
* Dr. Vikram Shah was conferred with the prestigious doctorate “D. Sc.” (Honoris Causa), by IIS University, Jaipur, India in 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.iisuniv.ac.in/about-department/photos/8th-convocation | publisher=iisuniv.ac.in | title=Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) Honoris Causa conferred upon Dr. Vikram Shah|accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.shalby.org/doctors/dr-vikram-shah}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Vikram I.}}
[[Category:Indian medical administrators]]
[[Category:Indian orthopaedic surgeons]]
[[Category:Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives in the health care industry]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian surgeons]]

Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple

2026-03-07T05:36:55Z

PGPS: Created Place

{{Short description|Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu in Thiruvilandur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Parimala Ranganathar Perumal Temple
| image = Parimala Ranganathar temple, Thiruindalur (1).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|6|35|N|79|38|46|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = Thiruvilandur
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai]]
| location = Indaloor, [[Mayiladuthurai]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = {{Plainlist|
* Parimala Ranganathar ([[Vishnu]])
* Parimala Ranganayagi ([[Lakshmi]])
}}
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower = Vedachakra
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Parimala Ranganathar Perumal Temples''' or '''Tiruindaloor''' is a Hindu temple dedicated to [[Vishnu]], located in [[Thiruvilandur]] of [[Mayiladuthurai]], a town in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the ''[[Divya Desams]]'', the 108 temples of [[Vishnu]] revered in [[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]] by the 12 poet saints, or the [[Alwars|Alvars]].<ref>{{cite book|title=108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Malai Nadu and Vada Nadu|last= M. S. |first=Ramesh|publisher= Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam|year=1998}}</ref> This temple is along [[Kaveri]] and is one of the [[Pancharanga Kshetrams]].

The temple is believed to be of significant antiquity with contributions at different times from [[Medieval Cholas]], [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara Empire]] and [[Madurai Nayaks]]. The temple is enshrined within a granite wall and the complex contains all the shrines of the temple. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'' (the main gateway) has five tiers.

Parimala Ranganathar is believed to have appeared for [[Chandra]], the moon god. The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 5:30 a.m. to 9 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Chartibable Institutions Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu. The temple is one of the prominent tourist destinations in the district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Identification of Tourism Circuits across Tamil Nadu|url=http://tourism.nic.in/writereaddata/CMSPagePicture/file/marketresearch/Tentavely%20Identified%20circuit%20for%20various%20states/new/Tamil.pdf|page=5|format=PDF|work=IL&FS Infrastructure|publisher=Tamil Nadu Tourist Development Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>

==Legend==
[[File:Parimala Ranganathar temple, Thiruindalur (6).jpg|250px|thumb|left|Legend of the temple]]
According to Hindu legend, the place is where moon god, [[Chandra]] is believed to have been relieved of his curse. ''Indu'' means moon and the place Tiruindaloor derives its name from the legend. Chandra worshiped Vishnu who appeared to please the devotee.<ref>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=534|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|isbn=9788120601512|location=New Delhi|year=1982|ref=Ayyar}}</ref>

According to another legend, the [[azhwar|Alvar]] saint [[Thirumangai Azhwar|Thirumangai Alvar]] visited the temple and the doors were locked at the time. He was singing praise of Parimala Ranganathar, but the door still was not open. After continuous singing, he became frustrated at one point and so asked Parimala Ranganathar to keep the temple for himself, when the doors were opened.<ref name="R1">[[#R.|R. 2001]], p. 451</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=வேணு சீனிவாசன் / Venu |url=https://www.google.com.qa/books/edition/%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B5_108_%E0%AE%A4/uJZeDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=108+divya+desam+list+in+tamil&printsec=frontcover |title=ஸ்ரீவைஷ்ணவ 108 திவ்யதேசங்கள் / Sri Vaishnava 108 Divya Desangal |date=2015-01-01 |publisher=Kizhakku Pathippagam |isbn=978-93-5135-197-9 |language=en |chapter=23}}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 4128 | height1 = 3096
| width2 = 4128 | height2 = 3096
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Parimala Ranganathar temple, Thiruindalur (9).jpg
|image2=Parimala Ranganathar temple, Thiruindalur (19).jpg
|footer=Pillared halls within the temple
}}
The central shrine, of the presiding deity Parimala Ranganathar, is made of {{convert|12|feet|m|abbr=on}} green stone. The deity is seen in a reclining posture, facing east. The consort of Parimala Ranganathar is Parimala Ranganayaki, who is also called Chandrasaapa Vimochanavalli and Pundareekavalli. The sanctum houses the images of river gods [[Cauvery]] and [[Ganga]], as well as that of Santhanagopalakrishnan. The Hindu god of creation, [[Brahma]], is sculpted on the wall. The temple has shrines of Yoga [[Narasimha]]r, [[Rama]], [[Anjaneya]], [[Surya]]<nowiki/>m and [[Chandra]]. This temple has three [[prakarams]] (precincts) that house all the shrines and has a five-tier, east-facing Rajagopuram. The Dvajasthamba Mandapam and [[Garuda]] [[Mandapam]] have sculpted pillars, with the latter having images of [[Dashavatar|ten avatars of Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Innovative and modern technology used in Vishnu temple restoration work|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/innovative-and-modern-technology-used-in-vishnu-temple-restoration-work/article340992.ece|work=The Hindu|date=27 March 2009|last=K.|first=Subramanian|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>

==Religious significance==
[[Image:Parimala Ranganathar temple, Thiruindalur (4).jpg|thumb|200px|The [[Pushkarni|temple tank]] ]]
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon and classified as a ''[[divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', the 108 Vishnu temples that are revered in the Vaishnava canon. [[Pancharanga Kshetrams]] (also called ''Pancharangams'', meaning the "five Rangams or Ranganathas") is a group of five sacred [[Hindu temples]], dedicated to [[Ranganatha]], a reclining form of the god [[Vishnu]], on the banks of the [[Kaveri|Kaveri River]]. The five Pancharanga Kshetrams in the order of their successive locations, on the banks of the Kaveri River are: The [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangapatna)|Srirangapatnam]] called the Adi Ranga, the first temple on the banks of the Kaveri River from the upstream side; the [[Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Srirangam)|Srirangam]] (island in [[Tiruchirappalli]]) in [[Tamil Nadu]] known as Adya Ranga (the last temple), Appalarangam or [[Koviladi]] at Tiurppernagar in Tamil Nadu, Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple, [[Mayiladuthurai]] and [[Pancharanga Kshetrams#Sri Renganatha Perumal Temple, Vadarengam|Vatarangam]] at [[Sirkazhi]]. The [[Sarangapani temple]] at [[Kumbakonam]] is mentioned in place of Vatarangam in some references.<ref name="Kapoor2002">{{cite book|author=Subodh Kapoor|title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Timi-Vedic Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVQUAQAAIAAJ|access-date=13 December 2012|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-280-5}}</ref><ref name="Pancharanga Kshetrams">{{cite web|
title=Pancharanga Kshetrams|work=Indian temples|url=http://www.indiantemples.com/Tamilnadu/df012.html |
access-date= 2007-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA339 |year=2011 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |page=339}}</ref>

==Worship and festivals==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=right
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 259 | height1 = 194
| width2 = 194 | height2 = 259
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Thiruindalur .jpg
|image2=Thiruindalur Temple.jpg
|footer=Festivals of the temple
}}
The temple follows ''Pancharatra Agama'' and [[thenkalai]] tradition. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] tradition, from the [[Brahmin]] community. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; ''Tiruvanandal'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Kala santhi'' at 9:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:30 p.m., ''Niyyanusandhanam'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:30 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 9:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Parimala Ranganathar and Thayar. The food offerings during the six times are curd rice, ''Ven pongal'', spiced rice, [[Dosa (food)|dosa]], ''Ven pongal'' and sugar pongal respectively. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram|nadasvaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred text) read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly, fortnightly and monthly rituals.<ref name="temple">{{cite web|title=Sri Parimala Ranganathar Temple|publisher=Dinamalar|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=316|year=2011|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>

The major festival celebrated in the temple is the Chitrai festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Chittirai''. The other festivals in the temple include the 10-day Aaandal Aadi festival celebrated during July–August, Thayar Navaratri Utsavam during the Tamil month of ''Purattasi'' (September - October), 10-day Aipasi Thula Mahostavam during ''Aipasi'' (October - November), 10-day [[Vaikunta Ekadasi]] during ''Margali'' (December - January), [[Makara Sankranthi]] during January and Panguni Brahmotsavam during the month of ''Panguni'' (March - April).<ref name="temple"/>

==See also==
*[[Divya Desams]]
*[[Mangalasasanam by Divyadesam]]

==References==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 20em
| refs =
}}

==External links==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R.}}
{{refend}}

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Dravidian architecture]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]

Maryade Prashne

2026-03-05T18:53:25Z

PGPS: Done.

{{short description|Indian revenge drama film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maryade Prashne
| image = Maryade Prashne.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Nagaraj Somayaji
| producer = {{Ubl| Shwetha R Prasad
| Vidya Gandhi Rajan}}
| screenplay = Nagaraj Somayaji
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Nagaraj Somayaji}}
| story = RJ Pradeepa
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Rakesh Adiga]]
* [[Sunil Raoh]]
* [[Poornachandra Mysore]]
* Teju Belawadi
* [[Prabhu Mundkur]]
* Rekha Kudligi
* [[Shine Shetty]]}}
| music = Arjun Ramu
| cinematography = Sandeep Valluri
| editing = Sanketh Shivappa
| studio = Sakkath Studio
| distributor = Lilac Entertainments
| released = {{film date|2024|11|22|df=yes}}
| runtime = 119 minutes<ref name=":TH" />
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Maryade Prashne''''' ({{translation|Question of Respect}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[revenge drama|revenge drama film]] directed by debutant Nagaraj Somayaji from a story by RJ Pradeepa.<ref>{{cite news |title=RJ Pradeepa's Sakkath Studio Set To Release Its Debut Film 'Maryade Prashne' On November 22 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/rj-pradeepa-s-sakkath-studio-set-to-release-its-debut-film-maryade-prashne-on-november-22-article-114058189/amp |work=Times Now |date=9 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=I believe every story has the potential to bring about change: RJ Pradeepa |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Nov/21/i-believe-every-story-has-the-potential-to-bring-about-change-rj-pradeepa |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The film stars [[Rakesh Adiga]], [[Sunil Raoh]], [[Poornachandra Mysore]], Teju Belawadi, [[Prabhu Mundkur]], Rekha Kudligi and [[Shine Shetty]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Meet The Cast of Maryade Prashne |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/meet-the-cast-of-maryade-prashne-article-111276369/amp |work=Times Now |date=26 June 2024 |language=en |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703212102/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/meet-the-cast-of-maryade-prashne-article-111276369/amp |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":BM1" /> The music was composed by Arjun Ramu, while cinematography and editing were handled by Sandeep Valluri and Sanketh Shivappa.

== Premise ==
Suri, Satisha and Manja are middle-class people and best friends working in different jobs. After Satisha's birthday celebration, Satisha suddenly gets killed in a car accident by Rocky, a rich spoiled brat. A dejected Suri and Manjesh sets out to exact revenge against Rocky for Satisha's death.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rakesh Adiga]] as Suri
* [[Sunil Raoh]] as Satisha
* [[Poornachandra Mysore]] as Manja
* Teju Belawadi as Lakshmi
* [[Prabhu Mundkur]] as Rocky
* Rekha Kudligi
* [[Shine Shetty]] as Shetty
* Shravan Kumar
* Hariharan V
* Mahesh Nanjundaiah
* [[T. S. Nagabharana]] as MLA
* [[Prakash Thuminad]] as MLA's PA
* Nandagopal as Inspector Raghavendra
* Shwetha R Prasad as Meera
* Manju Pavagada
* [[Dayal Padmanabhan]] as retired Police Commissioner
}}

== Production ==
The story of the film was written by RJ Pradeepa, who also serves as the creative head. The screenplay and dialogues were written by Nagaraj Somayaji.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=RJ Pradeepa and Nagaraj Somayaji join hands for Maryade Prashne |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Mar/16/rj-pradeepa-and-nagaraj-somayaji-join-hands-for-maryade-prashne |work=Cinema Express |date=11 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by Shwetha R Prasad and Vidya Gandhi Rajan under the banner Sakkath Studio.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Sharan sings a middle-class anthem for Maryade Prashne |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Oct/20/sharan-sings-a-middle-class-anthem-for-maryade-prashne |work=Cinema Express |date=5 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> [[Poornachandra Mysore]] plays the role of a cab driver in the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maryade Prashne Film Team Celebrates Shankar Nag's Anniversary As Chalakarana Dinaacharane |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/maryade-prashne-film-team-celebrates-shankar-nag-s-anniversary-as-chalakarana-dinaacharane-article-115122282/amp |work=Times Now |date=9 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The film was primarily shot in [[Bangalore]]'s [[Chamarajpet]], [[Indiranagar, Bangalore|Indiranagar]], and [[Koramangala]] over a period of fifty-five days.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Maryade Prashne is a battle of power versus willpower ' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jun/25/maryade-prashne-is-a-battle-of-power-versus-willpower |work=The New Indian Express |date=12 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":BM1">{{cite news |title=A middle class story - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-middle-class-story/articleshow/111294018.cms |work=The Times of India |date=27 June 2024 |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629015237/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-middle-class-story/amp_articleshow/111294018.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The cinematography was by Sandeep Valluri.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=RJ Pradeepaa-Nagaraj Somayaji's Maryade Prashne locks November release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Oct/10/rj-pradeepaa-nagaraj-somayajis-maryade-prashne-locks-november-release |work=Cinema Express |date=9 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Makers of RJ Pradeepa's Film Maryade Prashne Release New Song |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/makers-of-rj-pradeepa-s-film-maryade-prashne-release-new-song-article-111024117/amp |work=Times Now |date=15 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The editing was handled by Sanketh Shivappa.<ref name=":TNM" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Arjun Ramu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Easy Take It Easy (From "Maryade Prashne") Song by Arjun Ramu |url=https://gaana.com/album/easy-take-it-easy-from-maryade-prashne |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |language=en |date=17 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Naa Ninage Nee Nanage (From "Maryade Prashne") Song by Arjun Ramu |url=https://gaana.com/album/naa-ninage-nee-nanage-from-maryade-prashne |website=Gaana |language=en |date=1 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Phirako Maar (From "Maryade Prashne") Song by Arjun Ramu |url=https://gaana.com/album/phirako-maar-from-maryade-prashne |website=Gaana |language=en |date=18 November 2024}}</ref> The first single, "Easy Take it Easy" was released on 17 October 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=First Single From 'Maryade Prashne,' Easy Take It Easy Out On Sakkath Studio Channel |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/first-single-from-maryade-prashne-easy-take-it-easy-out-on-sakkath-studio-channel-article-114359546/amp |work=Times Now |date=18 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Easy, Take it Easy' first song from 'Maryade Prashne' out now – Sakkath Studio delivers a 'middle-class' anthem |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/easy-take-it-easy-first-song-from-maryade-prashne-out-now-sakkath-studio-delivers-a-middle-class-anthem-3238513 |work=Deccan Herald |date=18 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The third single, "Phirako Maar" was released on 18 November 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Arjun Ramu and Pasha Bhai drop a banger with 'Phirako Maar' for Maryade Prashne |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/Nov/19/arjun-ramu-and-pasha-bhai-drop-a-banger-with-phirako-maar-for-maryade-prashne |work=Cinema Express |date=5 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=It's a rap - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/its-a-rap/articleshow/115498010.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 November 2024}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Easy Take it Easy
| length1 = 4:18
| lyrics1 = Pramod Maravante
| extra1 = Sharan Hruday
| title2 = Naa Ninage Nee Nanage
| length2 = 3:36
| lyrics2 = Pramod Maravante
| extra2 = Vasuki Vaibhav, Srilakshmi Belmannu
| title3 = Phirako Maar
| length3 = 2:38
| lyrics3 = Pasha Bhai, Mohammed Imraz Ahmed
| extra3 = Pasha Bhai
| total_length = 10:32
}}

== Release ==
The film was released theatrically on 22 November 2024.<ref name=":IT">{{cite news |title=5 reasons to watch the Kannada film Maryade Prashne in theatres |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/5-reasons-to-watch-the-kannada-film-maryade-prashne-in-theatres-2635975-2024-11-19 |work=India Today |date=19 November 2024 |language=en |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=19 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119140230/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/5-reasons-to-watch-the-kannada-film-maryade-prashne-in-theatres-2635975-2024-11-19 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sridevi S of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "RJ Pradeepa’s well-intentioned story gets a good, grounded narrative under Nagaraj Somayaji’s direction. The climax scene serves as a perfect bookend to this preachy film that depicts the survival story of the middle-class with revenge drama as its core plot."<ref>{{cite news |title=Maryade Prashne Movie Review : Maryade Prashne review: Grounded narrative and stellar performances elevate this ordinary tale about the struggles of middle-class life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/maryade-prashne/movie-review/115561682.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 November 2024}}</ref> A Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "With Pradeepa’s production venture at the helm, the film succeeds in showcasing the grit and integrity of the middle class. In a world where dignity and self-respect are sometimes all one has, Maryade Prashne reminds us that no matter how wealthy or powerful the other side may be, no money or recommendation can buy class or humanity."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title='Maryade Prashne' movie review: A relatable reflection of the middle Class and respect |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Nov/23/maryade-prashne-movie-review-a-relatable-reflection-of-the-middle-class-and-respect |work=The New Indian Express |date=8 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Y Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave it three-and-a-half out of five stars and noted that "Director Nagaraj Somayaji has made sure that his movie connects to all categories of audiences by ensuring elements such as emotions, love, action, and crime. The movie also showcases the value of friendship and sacrifices made by close friends for each other."<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada Movie Review-Maryade Prashne: A well-made movie for all - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-review-maryade-prashne-a-well-made-movie-for-all/articleshow/115573521.cms |work=The Times of India |date=23 November 2024}}</ref> Shashiprasad SM of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote that "RJ Pradeepa’s debut film, produced under his banner Sakkath Studio, makes a promising start with a grounded narrative that explores the challenges of middle-class life. It thoughtfully depicts their ongoing struggle for survival, all while preserving their respect and dignity at any cost."<ref>{{cite news |title=Maryade Prashne Movie Review: Gulf Between The Haves And Have-Nots And The Matter Of Middle-Class Respect |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/maryade-prashne-movie-review-gulf-between-the-haves-and-have-nots-and-the-matter-of-middle-class-respect-review-115540712/amp |work=Times Now |date=22 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Pranati A S of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and opined that "However, performances alone cannot save this stereotyped representation of Bengaluru’s class divide. The film fails to evoke the necessary emotions to make for a gripping watch. The second half of the film turns so preachy that it seems agenda driven — with an aim to further propagate the stereotypes surrounding the middle class."<ref>{{cite news |title='Maryade Prashne' movie review: A stereotyped representation of Bengaluru's class divide |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/maryade-prashne-movie-review-a-stereotyped-representation-of-bengalurus-class-divide-3288086 |work=Deccan Herald |date=22 November 2024 |language=en |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124005009/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/maryade-prashne-movie-review-a-stereotyped-representation-of-bengalurus-class-divide-3288086 |url-status=live}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote that "While the theme for the need for respect is included in the story, the story also suddenly veers off into the direction of drunk driving and how tragedies around that affect the lives of people. The director and writer have tried to combine the two to show how this affects the middle class but does the film do justice to this? Sadly no."<ref>{{cite news |title=Maryade Prashne Review: This film on middle-class struggles only reinforces contrived stereotypes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/maryade-prashne-review-this-film-on-middle-class-struggles-only-reinforces-contrived-stereotypes-101732276679611-amp.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 November 2024}}</ref>

Vivek M. V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Helped by fine performances, ''Maryade Prashne'' is a relevant commentary on the class divide but the film suffers from an unfocused screenplay".<ref name=":TH">{{cite news |last1=M.V |first1=Vivek |title='Maryade Prashne' movie review: Nagaraja Somayaji's social thriller is watchable for its relatable moments |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maryade-prashne-movie-review-nagaraja-somayajis-social-thriller-is-watchable-for-its-relatable-moments/article68904720.ece |work=The Hindu |date=24 November 2024 |language=en-IN |access-date=26 November 2024 |archive-date=25 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125011622/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maryade-prashne-movie-review-nagaraja-somayajis-social-thriller-is-watchable-for-its-relatable-moments/article68904720.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Subha J Rao of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "The film’s intent is commendable, and the way they have shot it ensures you never lose sight of the intent. And, after an incident, the friends don’t touch a drop of alcohol. Which conveys the message better than a lengthy dialogue would have."<ref name=":TNM">{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Subha J. |title=Maryade Prashne is an ode to the outliers of Bengaluru's software gold rush |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/maryade-prashne-is-an-ode-to-the-outliers-of-bengalurus-software-gold-rush |work=The News Minute |date=1 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]

Kuthiran Tunnel

2026-03-04T06:04:45Z

PGPS: Created a details

{{Short description|Tunnel in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox tunnel
| name = Kuthiran Tunnel
| image = Kuthiran tunnel entry to thrissur 01.jpg
| caption = Entrance of Kuthiran tunnel
| location = [[Kuthiran, Thrissur, Kerala]], India
| map =
| coordinates = {{coord|10.5715|76.381|region:NO_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| route = [[File:NH544-IN.svg|20px|link=|alt=C2]] [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]]
| status = {{green|Operational}}
| start = {{coord|10.5715|76.378|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| end = {{coord|10.572|76.386|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| startwork = 2016
| opened = {{Start date and age|2021|07|31|df=yes|p=yes|br=yes}}
(Left tunnel)
{{Start date and age|2022|01|20|df=yes|p=yes|br=yes }}
(Right tunnel)
| close =
| owner = [[National Highways Authority of India]]
| operator = [[National Highways Authority of India]]
| traffic = Automotive
| character = Passenger and Freight
| toll =None
| vpd =
| construction =
| length = Left tube {{convert|955|m|ft|abbr=on}} Right tube {{convert|944|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| lanes = 3 lanes per tube (6 lanes total in twin-tube with [[dual carriageway]])
| speed = Lane 1 - {{convert|40-80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} 
Lane 2 - {{convert|40-80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
 
Lane 3 - {{convert|40-80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| hielevation =
| lowelevation =
| height = {{convert|10|m|ft|0}}
| width = {{convert|14|m|ft|0}}
| grade =
}}
{{OSM Location map
|lat = 10.5715
|lon = 76.381
|zoom = 12
|width = 275
|height = 400

|minimap = yes
|mini-width=
|mini-height=
|minipog-x=
|minipog-y=
|scalemark =180

|mark-lat = 10.5715
|mark-lon = 76.378
|mark-title = Kuthiran Tunnel west entrance
|label = West entrance
|label-pos = left

|mark-lat1 = 10.572
|mark-lon1 = 76.386
|mark-title1 = Kuthiran Tunnel east entrance
|label1 = East entrance
|label-pos1 = right
}}
'''Kuthiran Tunnel''' is a twin-tube six-lane highway tunnel in the [[South India]]n state of [[Kerala]]. The tunnel is located on the [[National Highway 544 (India)|National Highway 544]] and it is owned and operated by the [[National Highways Authority of India]]. This is Kerala's first-ever tunnel for road transport and South India's longest six-lane road tunnel.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/deccan+chronicle-epaper-deccanch/work+on+left+tunnel+at+kuthiran+begins-newsid-56413798
|title=Work on left tunnel at Kuthiran begins
|publisher=[[Dailyhunt]]
|access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/070816/work-on-left-tunnel-at-kuthiran-begins.html
|title=Work on left tunnel at Kuthiran begins
|publisher=Deccan Chronicle
|access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Kuthiran-tunnel-work-resumes/articleshow/55044428.cms
|title=Kuthiran tunnel work resumes
|publisher=Times of India
|access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref> Construction of the tunnel started in 2016 and completed by December 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=One tunnel at Kuthiran opened for traffic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/one-tunnel-at-kuthiran-opened-for-traffic/article35659928.ece |quote=Though the Mannuthy-Wadakkanchery six-lane work started in 2010, the tunnel work started only in 2016.}}</ref>

[[Nitin Gadkari]], the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Minister of Road Transport and Highways]] announced the opening of one of the twin tube tunnels through the social platform [[Twitter]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-01|title=One tunnel at Kuthiran opened for traffic|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/one-tunnel-at-kuthiran-opened-for-traffic/article35659928.ece|access-date=2021-08-01|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-31|title=Kuthiran Tunnel Opening: Big news for Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka! One side of tunnel to be OPENED for public today, says Nitin Gadkari {{!}} WATCH video|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-kuthiran-tunnel-opening-big-news-for-kerala-tamil-nadu-and-karnataka-one-side-of-tunnel-to-be-opened-for-public-today-says-nitin-gadkari-watch-video-161849|access-date=2021-07-31|website=Zee Business}}</ref> The second tunnel opened in January 2022.

==Present traffic==
Kuthiran gradient is situated in the [[Kuthiran]] Hills, situated in the western part of [[Anaimalai Hills]]. The hills are part of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary.

Kuthiran gradient was a major traffic bottleneck and an accident spot on the crowded [[Thrissur]]-[[Palakkad]] stretch of the 6 lane [[National Highway 544 (India)]] used by long distance traffic coming from Coimbatore, Salem, Chennai and Bengaluru. It was the missing link that was planned to be constructed when the Highway was designed.

The works on tunnel took more than a decade to complete due to geological and administrative challenges. The project was awarded in 2009 but the work on the tunnel only began in 2016.

On completion of works, both the tunnels reduced the distance between [[Kochi]] to [[Coimbatore]] by {{convert|3|km|mi|2}} but travel time got reduced by hours from the ease in traffic jams caused from heavy vehicles traversing through the hills.

In August 2018 during [[2018 Kerala floods]], the tunnel was opened for passage of emergency vehicles. In June 2019 the tunnel was opened for four hours following a [[Gridlock]] caused due to an accident at Kuthiran Bridge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major safety lapse as cops open Kuthiran tunnel to clear jam|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/06/19/major-safety-lapse-as-cops-open-kuthiran-tunnel-to-clear-jam.html|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref> In October 2020, a Gridlock happened after an accident causing long queues extending to kilometers on both sides, and traffic resumed only in the evening after temporarily opening the under construction tunnel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-31 |title=Traffic resumed to normal level at Kuthiran |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/traffic-resumed-to-normal-level-at-kuthiran/article32992632.ece |access-date=2023-01-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 31 December 2020, seven vehicles collided in an accident and 3 people died at Kuthiran causing a gridlock. These types of gridlocks used to happen regularly at this spot due to frequent accidents, and people who are aware of this used to prefer alternative longer routes just for the sake of a reliable journey time. An RTI query in 2019 revealed 235 people have died in this stretch due to accidents in the past 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Kuthiran drives fear into motorists today |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/10/01/kuthiran-national-highway-thrissur-accident.html |access-date=2023-01-04 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

In January 2020, the tunnel was partially opened to facilitate [[Power Grid Corporation of India]]'s underground cabling works between [[Thrissur]] and [[Palakkad]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daily|first=Keralakaumudi|title=Kuthiran tunnel partially opened as Power Grid's trial run commences|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=233924&u=|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Keralakaumudi Daily|language=en}}</ref>

On July 31, 2021, one of the two tunnels in [[Palakkad]] - [[Thrissur]] direction was officially opened for traffic following an announcement made by [[Nitin Gadkari]] through [[Twitter]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-01|title=One of two Kuthiran tunnels in Kerala declared open by Union govt|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/one-two-kuthiran-tunnels-kerala-declared-open-union-govt-153253|access-date=2021-08-01|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref>

==Cost==
The Pragati group was subcontracted the work by the Hyderabad-based KMC company. Pragathi bagged the sub-contract at a cost of Rs 200 crore.

==Dimension==
The 6 lane twin tube tunnels will have length of almost 1 kilometer, left tube {{convert|955|m|ft|abbr=on}} and right tube {{convert|944|m|ft|abbr=on}}, while the width and height would be {{convert|14|and|10|m|ft}}, respectively. The tunnels would be located in a gap of {{convert|20|m|ft}}. There are two emergency crossovers inside the tunnel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India|url=https://morth.nic.in/|access-date=2021-07-17|website=morth.nic.in}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Kuthiran Tunnel Timelapse PKD TCR.webm|Time Lapse video of Kuthiran Tunnel
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Kozhikode–Wayanad Tunnel Road]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Road tunnels in Kerala]]
[[Category:Transport in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Kerala]]

Purba Paschim Dakshin

2026-03-04T00:31:32Z

PGPS: formatting fix

{{short description|2019 Bengali film}}
{{Italic title|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Purba Paschim Dakshin
| image = Purba Paschim Dakshin (film) poster.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = Rajorshi Dey
| producer = Suchandraa Vaaniya
| based_on = ''Ebong Inquisition''
| writer = Avik Sarkar
| starring = [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] [[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]] [[Arpita Chatterjee]] [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]] Suchandraa Vaniya [[Aryann Bhowmik]]
| music = [[Debojyoti Mishra]]
| cinematography = [[Ranjan_Palit|Ranjan Palit]]
| editing =
| studio = Just Studio
| released = {{Film date|2019|11|22|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
}}
'''''Purba Paschim Dakshin''''' is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[thriller film|spiritual thriller]] [[Drama Film|film]] directed by Rajorshi Dey and produced by Suchandra Vaaniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/paranormal-thriller-purba-paschim-dakshin-shooting-61723/|title=শুটিং চলছে প্যারানরমাল থ্রিলার 'পূর্ব-পশ্চিম-দক্ষিণ' এর|date=2018-12-29|website=Indian Express Bangla|language=bn-IN|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref> This film is based on ''Ebong Inquisition'', compilation of three [[Paranormal fiction]] of Avik Sarkar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/nov/23/17000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118152017/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/nov/23/17000|url-status=live|archive-date=18 January 2020|title=Rajorshi Dey announces next film Purba, Pashchim, Dakshin (Uttor Asbei)|last=Sarkar|first=Roushni|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/rupankar-lends-his-voice-for-purbo-poschim-dokkhin-uttor-asbei/articleshow/70637820.cms|title=Rupankar lends his voice for 'Purbo Poschim Dokkhin Uttor Asbei' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/first-ever-paranormal-thriller-purba-paschim-dakshin-50883/|title=প্যারানরমাল থ্রিলার তাও বাংলায়, সৌজন্যে পরিচালক রাজর্ষি দে|date=2018-11-16|website=Indian Express Bangla|language=bn-IN|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref> The film was released on 22 November 2019, under the banner of Just Studio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://juststudio.in/index.php/events-media/|title=Events & Media – Just Studio|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref> It is the last film acted by [[Mrinal Mukherjee]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangla.popxo.com/trending/watch-the-teaser-of-purbo-poschim-dokkhin-uttor-ashbei-in-bengali-846565/|title=টলিউডের রহস্য সিরিজের নতুন সংযোজন, মুক্তি পেল 'পূর্ব পশ্চিম দক্ষিণ উত্তর আসবেই'-এর টিজার|website=POPxo|date=5 September 2019 |language=bn|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref> and debut film of [[Manabi Bandyopadhyay]], India's first transgender college Principal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/rajorshi-deys-purba-paschim-dakkhin-to-hit-the-floors-from-tomorrow/articleshow/66919316.cms|title=Rajorshi Dey's 'Purba Paschim Dakkhin' to hit the floors from tomorrow - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.ndtv.com/bengali/rajorshi-deys-next-project-purbo-paschim-dakshin-is-based-on-black-magic-1948694|title=পূর্ব পশ্চিম দক্ষিণে তন্ত্রসাধনায় মেতেছেন পরিচালক রাজর্ষি দে!|website=NDTVMovies.com|language=bn-IN|access-date=2019-09-11}}</ref>

==Plot==
The plot gradually unfolds through an eventful rail journey. Stuti, a widow, suffers from a terminal disease which can be treated by a particular doctor. During her journey, a co passenger narrates her three stories that are interconnected. The stories somehow relate with the worship of [[Goddess Kali]] and the practise of [[Tantra]] in [[Bengal]] at the time of renowned Bengali scholar and pioneer of ''Tantra'' [[Krishnananda Agamavagisha]].<ref name=":0" />

==Cast==
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as [[Krishnananda Agamavagisha]]
* [[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]] as Narrator
* [[Arpita Chatterjee]] as Stuti
* [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as Panditji
* [[Aryann Bhowmik]] as Tenia
* [[Rudraprasad Sengupta]] as Bhabesh Kaku
* [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]] as Atin
* [[Bidipta Chakraborty]]
* [[Manabi Bandyopadhyay]]
* Suchandraa Vaaniya as Titli
* [[Mrinal Mukherjee]] as Dwijottam Mishra
* Damini Basu as Pushpa Di
* Kaushik Kar as Firingia
* Satrajit Sarkar as Khodabox
* Priyanath Mukhopadhyay as Ahmed Khan
* Eshika De as Damori
* Padmanabha Dasgupta

==See also==
* [[Bhog (film)|''Bhog'']]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|10244544}}

[[Category:Paranormal films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural thriller films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]

Happy Wedding (2016 film)

2026-03-03T20:36:20Z

PGPS: Created new pg

{{Short description|2016 Indian film}}
{{About||the upcoming film|Happy Wedding (2018 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Happy Wedding
| image = Happy Wedding Film.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Omar Lulu]]
| story = Omar Lulu
| producer = Nazir Ali
| writer =
| screenplay = Maneesh K. C. Praneesh Vijayan (dialogues)
| starring = [[Siju Wilson]] [[Sharaf U Dheen]] [[Soubin Shahir]] Justin John
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Arun Muraleedharan]] '''Background Score:''' [[Vimal T. K]]
| cinematography = Sinu Sidharth
| editing =
| studio = Ozone Productions
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|05|20}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = ₹ 1.7 crore
| gross = {{INR}} 14.5 [[crore]]<ref name="gross"/>
}}

'''''Happy Wedding''''' is 2016 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by debutante [[Omar Lulu]] and distributed by [[Eros International]], starring [[Siju Wilson]], [[Sharaf U Dheen]], [[Soubin Shahir]], and Justin John. It was produced by Ozone Productions. The film narrates the story of an engineering graduate (Harikrishnan) who decides to marry initially on his mother's insistence.<ref>{{citation |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/happy-wedding-with-premam-stars-siju-wilson-and-sharafudeen.html|date=18 November 2015|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|access-date=16 May 2016|title='Premam' boys return with 'Happy Wedding'}}</ref> The music was composed by [[Arun Muraleedharan]], and the lyrics were written by [[Rajeev Alunkal]] and Harinarayanan.

Principal photography began in [[Kochi]] in November 2015 and ended in March 2016. Other shooting locations were [[Thrissur]] and [[Chalakudy]]. Some parts of the film were shot in Royal College of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur.{{cn|date=July 2022}} The film was released on 20 May 2016.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2016/happy-wedding-release-date-226460.html|date=15 May 2016| website=FilmiBeat|access-date=16 May 2016|title=Happy Wedding To Release On May 20th!}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Harikrishnan, aka Hari, is a young civil engineer. He usually spends time hanging out with his cousin Manu, who is a flirt. Hari is in a relationship with a girl Lakshmi, but she is a flirt herself. Hari, Manu, and a friend Paul Achayan, go to meet her. Hari is left heartbroken when Lakshmi begins to get close to another guy. He leaves with Manu to a bar.

As Hari and Manu are drinking, they call a man, thinking he is a waiter and asks him for a beer. The man tells them that he is not waiter and joins them. He tells them that he is a [[Motivational Speaker|motivational speaker]] and the boys befriend him and call him Bhai. As they are discussing about Lakshmi, Manu exclaims that Hari is a guy who always falls for love tricks. Bhai asks Hari to tell him about his college love story.

Hari and Manu were students in an engineering college with an ensemble of friends, Tyson, Pareekutty, Asha etc. Hari is in love with Shahina. Everything goes well, Hari enjoys with Shahina, Manu spends time as a complete rascal and everything is good.

Some TIME after they leave college, Hari, Manu and Tyson are caught by the police. To Hari's shock they see Shahina's father there. They are shocked to learn that Shahina is missing and Hari is the main suspect. Sub-inspector Happy Paul, who wants all cases to have a happy ending, tries to question the boys. After learning of Hari and Shahina's relation he gives his full support to them. But then, Shahina walks into the station accompanied by Pareekutty. It is revealed that Shahina and Pareekutty were in a relationship long before Hari met Shahina. Shahina's parents are happy, but Hari is left heartbroken.

Back in the present, Bhai advises Hari to completely reject Lakshmi and let himself stay strong. Following Bhai's advice, Hari tells Lakshmi that he is not a toy. Meanwhile, Manu tells Bhai that they have to persuade Hari to go meet a girl arranged by Hari's mother. When Hari returns, they ask him to go see the girl, to which he reluctantly agrees.

Sometime later, the trio board a bus for Thrissur to go to Hari's home. On the bus, they befriend some passengers. Hari and Manu sit in front of two girls, Drishya and Sophie, and befriend them. Drishya reveals that she is a cousin of their collegemate Asha and they become close. Hari seemingly falls for Drishya, but cannot express it. They then part ways once reaching Thrissur.

The next day, Hari and his gang go to see the girl. He sees the girl and is not completely convinced. But when he goes to talk to her, it is revealed that she is not the real girl. The real girl is revealed to be Drishya, much to Hari's surprise and happiness. Their marriage is subsequently arranged. As the trio depart, Lakshmi calls again. She asks Hari to call her, to which Hari replies that he will call her for his wedding. When they turn to ask Bhai for his opinion, they stunned to find him missing. They realize that they did not get his phone number and they even don't know his real name. As they search for Bhai, Hari has a vision that Bhai is Lord [[Krishna]], who came to solve his love troubles. When he tries to tell Manu, he can't find how to explain it and they leave.

It is then revealed that Bhai is no god, but a marriage broker. He runs a matrimony called Happy Wedding Matrimony, and was asked by Hari's mother to find a suitable bride. Bhai's matrimony has a vow, that if they find two matching profiles they will get them married. It is also revealed that meeting Drishya in the bus was also a part of Bhai's plan to unite the two. He then proceeds to another marriage deal with his two assistants.

The movie ends as the newly married Hari and Drishya celebrate with Manu, Tyson, Paul Achayan and their friends.

==Cast==
*[[Siju Wilson]] as Harikrishnan aka Hari
*[[Sharaf U Dheen]] as Manu Krishnan aka Manu
*[[Soubin Shahir]] as Bhai AKA Matrimony Consultant / [[Lord Krishna]]
*Justin John as Tyson
*[[Anu Sithara]] as Shahina
*[[Drishya Raghunath]] as Drishya
*[[Sudhi Koppa]] as Paul Achayan
*[[Abi (actor)|Abi]] as SI Happy Paul
*Diya as Asha Subramaniam
*[[Grace Antony]] as Teena
*[[Mareena Michael Kurisingal|Mareena Michael]] as Sophie
*[[Ambika Mohan]] as Hari's Mother
*[[Delna Davis]] as Lakshmi
*Gopan as Pomero (Cameo)
*Ishrath Sooraj Salim as Sandy (Cameo)
*[[Sivaji Guruvayoor]] as Shahina's Father
*Pareekutty Perumbavoor as Pareekutty Muthalib
*[[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] as Hari's Father (via photo archive)
* [[Thesni Khan]] as bus Conductor
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Dhanendran

==Music==
[[Arun Muraleedharan]] composed the film's songs soundtrack and Vimal T. K. composed the score. Lyrics for the songs were written by [[Rajeev Alunkal]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/Arun-Muraleedharan-composes-for-Happy-Wedding/articleshow/49549955.cms|last1=George|first1=Anjana|date=27 October 2015| website=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=16 May 2016|title=Arun Muraleedharan composes for 'Happy Wedding'}}</ref>

==Release==
Initially the film was released in around 35 theatres in Kerala, but after getting positive review the film got into 130 theatres in its first week.<ref name="International Business Times">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kerala-box-office-premam-boys-starrer-happy-wedding-becomes-surprise-hit-682176|title=Kerala box office: 'Premam' boys-starrer 'Happy Wedding' becomes a surprise hit|work=[[International Business Times]]|date=10 June 2016}}</ref>

===Box office===

The film collected around {{INRConvert|3.48|c}} from 15 days of its release. It grossed {{INR}}13.70 crore from worldwide box office and completed 100 days theatrical run in Kerala.<ref name="gross">{{cite news|url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/happy-wedding-completes-101-days-heres-worldwide-box-office-collection-surprise-hit-photos-690873|date=23 August 2016|newspaper=[[International Business Times]]|title='Happy Wedding' completes 101 days; here's the worldwide box office collection of the surprise hit}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/happywedding-malayalammovie-malayalam-news-1.1237020
http://www.onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/happy-wedding-moving-to-super-success-in-kerala-box-office
http://localnews.manoramaonline.com/thrissur/features/thrissur-omar-28-6-2016.html

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5528278}}

[[Category:2016 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films directed by Omar Lulu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arun Muraleedharan]]

Poster Boys (2017 film)

2026-03-02T09:42:56Z

PGPS: Created Post

{{Short description|2017 Indian comedy film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Poster Boys
| image = Poster Boys poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Shreyas Talpade]]
| screenplay = [[Paritosh Painter]] Bunty Rathore Shreyas Talpade {{Infobox|decat=yes|child=yes|label1= Dialogues by|data1 = Bunty Rathore Paritosh Painter Anant Ahluwalia}}
| story = Shreyas Talpade
| based_on = {{Based on|[[Poshter Boyz]] (2014)|Sameer Patil}}
| producer = [[Sony Pictures Networks|Sony Pictures Networks Productions]] Sunny Sounds Pvt. Ltd. Affluence Movies
| starring = [[Sunny Deol]] [[Bobby Deol]] [[Shreyas Talpade]] [[Sonali Kulkarni]] [[Samikssha Batnagar]] [[Tripti Dimri]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Nigam Bomzan
| editing = Devendra Murdeshwar
| music = '''Songs''': [[Tanishk Bagchi]] [[Rishi Rich]] Sunai Marathe Shreyas Iyengar Sonny Ravan '''Score''': [[Amar Mohile]]
| studio = [[Sony Pictures Networks]] Sunny Sounds Affluence Movies
| distributor = Sony Pictures Networks
| released = {{film date|2017|09|08|df=yes}}
| runtime = 131 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}15 crore<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3593|title=Poster Boys - Movie - Box Office India|website=www.boxofficeindia.com|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}30 crore<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-poster-boys/|title=Box Office: Worldwide collections and day wise break up of Poster Boys|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=9 September 2017 |accessdate=18 October 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''''Poster Boys''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy film]] written, co-produced and directed by [[Shreyas Talpade]] in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Sunny Deol]], [[Bobby Deol]] and Shreyas Talpade, along with [[Sonali Kulkarni]], [[Samikssha Batnagar]] and [[Tripti Dimri]].

The film is an official remake of the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film ''[[Poshter Boyz]]'' which Talpade himself had produced and acted in. It is inspired by a real-life incident about three porters who found their pictures on a [[vasectomy]] poster.

Poster Boys was produced by [[Sony Pictures Networks|Sony Pictures Networks Productions]], Sunny Sounds and Affluence Movies, and was distributed by [[Sony Pictures Networks|Sony Pictures Networks Distribution]]. It was released on 8 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://boxofficecollection.in/bollywood/sunny-deol-bobby-deol-shreyas-talpades-poster-boys-gets-release-date-8th-sept-2017-26363|title=Poster Boys to Release on 8 September 2017|website=BoxOfficeCollection.in|date=9 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Poster Boys: Bobby Deol's comeback also stars Sunny Deol, Shreyas Talpade. Will it be as good as its original Poshter Boyz?|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/poster-boys-bobby-deol-comeback-also-stars-sunny-deol-shreyas-talpade-will-it-be-as-good-as-its-original-poshter-boyz-see-pic-4604698/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=8 April 2017|access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Three men meet their bad luck for an unknown reason. Arjun Singh proposes to his girlfriend Riya is rejected by her father for "he can't get his daughter married to such a person", leaving Arjun frustrated and upset. Jagavar Chaudhary is married to Sunita. He is preparing his younger sister Anjali's engagement ceremony when he's told that the fiancé and his family have changed their mind of engaging with Anjali for "they cannot accept an alliance with such a shameful family". Vinay Sharma is a primary teacher whose wife Surajmukhi suddenly leaves him and asks for divorce for she cannot forgive his "irresponsible deeds".

The three confused and upset men one day coincidentally meet somewhere on a bridge when they come across a bus that has a poster of their photos, promoting [[vasectomy]], at the back. They come to know that this poster is the reason they are defamed as none of them had that operation and their photos were used without their permission. They decide to find out who is behind it and solve it.

They later find that two government employees from the Health Department, the organizers of that promotion, are responsible for the incident. They find the two employees and ask them to remove all the posters in the city with their unauthorized photos and make a public apology and demand compensation. The two agree but request time to do that.

During the given days, the two do not try to fulfill their promise, but instead ask their senior to help, and their senior, the Health Minister does not try to solve it but to cover it up. At the deadline date, the three can't find the two government employees to fulfill their promise so they turn to their superior for help, who refuses to meet them. The three desperate men then decide to sue the Health Department.

They fail the case because the Health Department used a lot of fake evidence including faked documents showing that they willingly finished the operation and asked to post their photos. But the incident goes viral with help of a local reporter and they are gaining people's support.

During a press conference suggested by the same reporter, angered Arjun announces that they will protest naked if the authority don't give them justice, drawing attention of greater public to this incident.

They start their naked protest at the promised day with only underpants, and people supporting them also uploaded videos of them naked supporting the three's request. The incident finally reaches the Chief Minister, who rushes to the scene to control the situation. The Chief Minister, knowing all the truth behind it, announces that the three are innocent and the Health Department is responsible for the incident and the government will give them compensation.

Riya's father, convinced of Arjun's innocence and moved by his courage, agrees his proposal. Jagavar’s issue gets resolved as Anjali's fiancé agrees to marry her. Vinay's wife returns back to him.

==Cast==
*[[Sunny Deol]] as Jagavar Chaudhary
*[[Bobby Deol]] as Vinay Sharma
*[[Shreyas Talpade]] as Arjun Singh
*[[Sonali Kulkarni]] as Sunita Chaudhary – Jagavar's wife
*[[Samikssha Batnagar]] as Surajmukhi Sharma – Vinay's wife
*[[Tripti Dimri]] as Riya – Arjun's girlfriend
*Lovely Singh as Anjali Chaudhary – Jagavar‘s sister
*[[Ashwini Kalsekar]] as Doctor
*[[Ajeet Singh]] as Murari
*Purnima Varma as Aashtha
*Farhana Fatema as Rekha
*Randheer Rai as Anuj Chaudhary
*[[Raashul Tandon]] as Reporter
*[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]] as old man
*[[Bharti Achrekar]] as Amma
*[[Sachin Khedekar]] as [[Chief Minister]] Jagdev Ahlawat
*[[Murali Sharma]] as Health Minister
*[[Jitendra Joshi]] as photographer
*[[Elli Avram]] as Dancer with Sunny Deol – In the song "Kudiyan Shehar Diyan"
*[[Dharmendra]] ({{small|cameo appearance}}) as Amol Sharma
*[[Ajay Devgn]] ({{small|special appearance}}) as himself
*[[Arshad Warsi]] ({{small|special appearance}}) as himself
*[[Parineeti Chopra]] ({{small|special appearance}}) as herself
*[[Rohit Shetty]] ({{small|special appearance}}) as himself
*[[Kunal Khemu]] ({{small|special appearance}}) as himself
*[[Tusshar Kapoor]] ({{small|special appearance}}) as himself

==Music and soundtrack==
The music for the film’s songs was composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Rishi Rich]], Sunai Marathe, Shreyas Iyengar and Sonny Ravan. The lyrics of the songs were penned by [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Kumaar]], Saurabh M Pandey, and Sonny Ravan. The background score of the movie was done by [[Amar Mohile]].

[[Daler Mehndi]]’s chart-topper song, "Kudiyan Shehar Diyan" (lyrics by [[Javed Akhtar]]), from the 1999 hit film ''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]'' (originally featuring [[Juhi Chawla]]) was recreated for this movie and features Sunny Deol and [[Elli AvrRam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/poster-boys-new-song-sunny-deol-elli-avrram-bring-back-daler-mehndis-hit-track-kudiya-shehar-di-to-life/articleshow/60021965.cms|title='Poster Boys' new song: Sunny Deol-Elli AvrRam bring back Daler Mehndi's hit track 'Kudiya shehar di' to life|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=18 October 2017}}</ref> It was released on 11 August 2017. The second song "Kendhi Menoo" which is sung by Yash Narvekar, [[Sukriti Kakar]] and [[Ikka Singh]] was released on 18 August 2017. The soundtrack was released on 19 August 2017 by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] which consists of only four songs.

{{Infobox album
| name = Poster Boys
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Tanishk Bagchi]], [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Rishi Rich]], Sunai Marathe, Shreyas Iyengar & Sonny Ravan
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|08|19}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:07
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Bhushan Kumar
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

{{Track_listing
| headline= Track listing
| extra_column= Singer(s)
| total_length= 14:07

| title1= Kudiya Shehar Diyan
| lyrics1= [[Javed Akhtar]], [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]] ({{small|additional}})
| music1= [[Daler Mehndi]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]] ({{small|recreation}})
| extra1= Daler Mehndi, [[Neha Kakkar]]
| length1= 3:32

| title2= Kendhi Menoo
| length2=3:45
| extra2=Yash Narvekar, [[Sukriti Kakar]], [[Ikka Singh]]
| music2=[[Rishi Rich]]
| lyrics2=[[Kumaar]]

| title3= Noor E Khuda
| extra3= [[Kailash Kher]]
| music3= Sunai Marathe, Shreyas Iyengar
| length3= 3:27
| lyrics3= Saurabh M Pandey

| title4= The Poster Boys Anthem
| length4= 3:23
| music4= Sonny Ravan & Shree D
| lyrics4= Sonny Ravan
| extra4= Shree D
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6352548}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|poster-boys}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood|Comedy}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Tanishk Bagchi]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rishi Rich]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2017 comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Marathi films]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures Networks India films]]
[[Category:2017 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Sony Pictures films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bhor]]

Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-23T03:36:05Z

PGPS: enhance references further and fixed typos

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image = View from a dam in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 5776.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View from a dam in Kinnarsani Wildlife Sanctuary
| image_size =
| map = India Telangana#India
| relief = yes
| mapframe = Yes
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of [[Telangana]]
| map_width =
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| location = [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Bhadrachalam]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17.775|N|80.559|E|region:IN-AP|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url= http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Kinnerasani_Sanctuary |title= Kinnerasani Sanctuary |work= protectedplanet.net }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| area = {{convert|635.40|km2|acre|abbr=on}}
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[Telangana Forest Department]]
| url =
}}
[[File:Strychnos nux-vomica in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 5873.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Strychnos nux-vomica|Strychnine tree]] in Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
[[File:Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 5792.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Rhesus Macaque]] (Macaca mulatta) in Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
[[File:Common Emigrant (Catopsilia pomona) on Ixora brachiata W IMG 5972.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Common Emigrant]] (Catopsilia pomona) on Ixora brachiata]]
'''Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a forest located in [[Bhadradri Kothagudem district]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]. The wildlife sanctuary is spread over an area of {{convert|635.40|km2|acre|abbr=on}} with the picturesque Kinnerasani Lake with densely forested islands in the middle of the sanctuary. It is {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from the district's headquarters is in [[Kothagudem]] and {{Convert|25|km|abbr=on}} from temple town [[Bhadrachalam]].

==Geography==
This wildlife sanctuary has a forest mixed with dense scrub and meadows. It comes under the [[Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests]].

==Flora and fauna==

'''Flora''':
There is diverse flora and fauna in this sanctuary.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://telanganatoday.com/right-mix-wildlife-scenic-splendour |title= flora and fauna in Kinnerasani Sanctuary |work=Telanganatoday}}</ref> Floral diversity is high and includes

{| class="wikitable" border=3
|-
! Common name !! Formal name !! Local name
|-
| Indian licorice || ''[[Abrus precatorius]]'' || గురువింద
|-
| Tree of Heaven || ''[[Ailanthus excelsa]]'' || పెదమాను
|-
| Neem tree || ''[[Azadirachta indica]]'' || వేప
|-
| Indian olibanum || ''[[Boswellia serrata]]'' || గుగ్గిలము
|-
| Banyan tree || ''[[Ficus benghalensis]]'' || మర్రి
|-
| Indian Fig tree || ''[[Ficus racemosa]]'' || మేడి
|-
| Garuga tree || ''[[Garuga pinnata]]'' || కొండవేప
|-
| Asiatic Bushbeech || ''[[Gmelina asiatica]]'' || పెదనేలి
|-
| Indian-elm tree || ''[[Holoptelea integrifolia]]'' || నాలి
|-
| Torch wood ixora || ''[[Ixora brachiata]]'' || కొరివి
|-
| Mahuva Butter tree || ''[[Madhuca longifolia]]'' || విప్ప
|-
| Strychnine tree || ''[[Strychnos nux-vomica]]'' || ముషిడి
|-
| Jamun tree || ''[[Syzygium cumini]]'' || నేరేడు
|}

'''Fauna''':
There is a varied fauna present in the sanctuary 
The Familiar Mammals in the sanctuary
{| class="wikitable" border=3
|-
! Common name !! Formal name !! Observed
|-
| Indian muntjac || ''[[Muntiacus muntjak]]'' || Common
|-
| Four-horned antelope || ''[[Tetracerus quadricornis]]'' || Common
|-
| Indian gazelle || ''[[Gazella bennettii]]'' || Rare
|-
| Indian leopard || ''[[Panthera pardus fusca]]'' || Rare
|-
| Indian Bison || ''[[Bos gaurus]]'' || Rare
|-
| Indian jackal || ''[[Canis aureus indicus]]'' || Common
|-
| Indian boar || ''[[Sus scrofa cristatus]]'' || Common
|-
| Indian sloth bear || ''[[Melursus ursinus]]'' || Common
|-
| Indian crested porcupine || ''[[Hystrix indica]]'' || Common
|-
| Indian hare || ''[[Lepus nigricollis]]'' || Common
|-
| Jungle cat || ''[[Felis chaus]]'' || Common
|-
| Ruddy mongoose || ''[[Herpestes smithii]]'' || Common
|-
| Blackbuck || ''[[Antilope cervicapra]]'' || Common
|-
| Sambar deer || ''[[Rusa unicolor]]'' || Common
|-
| Spotted Deer || ''[[Axis axis]]'' || Common
|-
| Asian palm civet || ''[[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]]'' || Common
|-
| Rhesus Macaque || ''[[Macaca mulatta]]'' || Common
|}

==See also==
* [[Wildlife of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410165738/http://forest.ap.nic.in///WL%20KINNERASANI.htm Kinnerasani wildlife sanctuary from Forest Department of Telangana (India) State]

{{Protected areas in Telangana}}

[[Category:Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of Telangana]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Bhadradri Kothagudem district]]

1941–42 Ranji Trophy

2026-02-21T15:37:53Z

PGPS:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1941–42 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 350px
| caption = The Ranji Trophy
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| tournament format = [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| fromdate =
| todate =
| champions = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| count = 3
| participants = 18
| matches = 17
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Khanmohammad Ibrahim|K.C. Ibrahim]] (Bombay) (469)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1941/42 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1941-42/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[B. K. Garudachar]] (Mysore) (34)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1941/42 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1941-42/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1940–41
| previous_tournament = 1940–41 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1942–43
| next_tournament = 1942–43 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1941–42 Ranji Trophy''' was the eighth season of the [[Ranji Trophy]]. [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] regained the title after six years defeating [[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]].

==Highlights==
* [[A. G. Ram Singh]] took his 100th Ranji wicket in the match between Madras and Hyderabad and completed 1,000 runs in the next match between Madras and United Provinces. He was the second player to complete this double in Ranji Trophy after [[Amar Singh (cricketer)|Amar Singh]] in [[1939–40 Ranji Trophy|1939–40]]
* Northern India defeated North West Frontier Province by an innings and 405 runs. It was the biggest margin of win in Ranji Trophy at the time. The present record is innings and 472 runs by Assam v Tripura in 1991/92.<ref>[https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Team/Highest_Innings_Run_Margin.html Largest margins of wins in first class cricket], ''acscricket.com''</ref>
* In their first innings of the season, the defending champion Maharashtra was bowled out for 39 by Nawanagar with [[Shute Banerjee]] taking 8 wickets for 25 runs.
* Future Test cricketer [[Nirode Chowdhury|Putu Chowdhury]] took 11 wickets on his first class debut, for Bihar v Bengal. Bihar lost the match on a first innings deficit of 1 run.
* [[Madhav Mantri]], making his debut as [[wicket-keeper]] for Bombay in semifinal, claimed 9 wickets, including five [[Stumped|stumpings]].<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17357.html Bombay v Northern India]</ref>

==Zonal Matches==

=== West Zone ===
{{Round8|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|15 Nov 1941 – Jamnagar|'''[[Nawanagar cricket team|Nawanagar]]'''|'''159 & 73/2'''|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]|39 & 189
|8 Nov 1941 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''462'''|[[Western India cricket team|Western India]]|95 & 167
|||||
|8 Nov 1941 – Baroda|'''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''|'''312 & 257/6d'''|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]|150 & 23/2

|29 Nov 1941 – Jamnagar|[[Nawanagar cricket team|Nawanagar]]|284 & 48/2|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''462/8d'''
|6 Dec 1941 – Karachi|'''[[Sind cricket team|Sind]]'''|'''237 & 68/2'''|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]|178 & 126

|29 Dec 1941 – Bombay|'''[[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''405'''|[[Sind cricket team|Sind]]|326

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=no|skipmatch03=yes|skipmatch04=no
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

===East Zone===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px

|8 Nov 1941 – Indore|[[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]]|246 & 169/3|'''[[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]'''|'''307 & 192'''
|7 Dec 1941— Jamshedpur|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]|262 & 37/1|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''263 & 294'''

|10 Jan 1942 – Benaras|[[United Provinces cricket team|United Provinces]]|426|'''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''|'''473'''
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

=== South Zone ===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 175px
| score-width = 80px

|29 Nov 1941 – Bangalore|'''[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]'''|'''199 & 352'''|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]|169 & 271
|29 Nov 1941 – Nagpur|[[Central Provinces and Berar cricket team|Central Provinces and Berar]]|192 & 128|'''[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]'''|'''217 & 104/6'''

|31 Dec 1941 – Bangalore|'''[[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]]'''|'''147 & 246'''|[[Madras cricket team|Madras]]|154 & 217
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2}}

=== North Zone ===
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap

| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 175px
| score-width = 80px

|6 Dec 1941 – Lahore|'''[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]'''|'''613/7d'''|[[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team|North West Frontier Province]]|90 & 118
|||||

|27 Dec 1941 – Lahore|'''[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]'''|'''285 & 128'''|[[Southern Punjab cricket team (India)|Southern Punjab]]|158 & 181

|skipmatch01=no|skipmatch02=yes
|RD1 = Round 1|RD2 = Round 2|RD3 = Round 3}}

==Inter-Zonal Knockout Stage==
{{Round4|style=white-space:nowrap
| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 150px
| score-width = 80px


|13 Feb 1942 - Lahore|[[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]]|211 & 225|'''[[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''257 & 184/3'''
|31 Jan 1942 – Calcutta|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]|279 & 219|'''[[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]]'''|'''307 & 208'''

|7 Mar 1942 – Bombay|'''[[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]'''|'''506/9d'''|[[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]]|68 & 157
}}

=== 1st Semi-final ===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 31 January – 3 February 1942
| round = '''1st Semi-final'''
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]]
| team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] (H)

| score-team1-inns1 = 307 (101.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = CJ Ramdev 105[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team1-inns1 = S Ramachandra 7/52 (20.2 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 279 (78.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = S Ramachandra 97[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Ranga Iyengar]] 4/39 (13.4 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 208 (69.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = CJ Ramdev 57
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Devraj Puri]] 4/71 (19 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 219 (75 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = K Bhattacharjee 65
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[BK Garudachar]] 5/68 (25 overs)

| result = Mysore won by 17 runs
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1941-42/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/BENG_MYSORE_RJI-SEMI1_31JAN-03FEB1942.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]]
| umpires =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

=== 2nd Semi-final ===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 13–16 February 1942
| team1 = [[Northern India cricket team|Northern India]] (H)
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 211 (68.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Ramprakash Mehra]] 93
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Keki Tarapore]] 3/46 (18.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 257 (95.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Jehangir Khot]] 95
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Jahangir Khan (cricketer)|Jahangir Khan]] 5/50 (28 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 225 (88.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Nazar Mohammad]] 38
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Keki Tarapore]] 5/85 (34 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 184/3 (76 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[KC Ibrahim]] 69[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Jahangir Khan (cricketer)|Jahangir Khan]] 1/30 (24 overs)

| result = Bombay won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1941-42/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/N-IND_BOM_RJI-SEMI2_13-16FEB1942.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore|Bagh-e-Jinnah]], [[Lahore]]
| umpires =
| toss =
| rain =
| notes =
}}

=== Final ===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 7–9 Mar 1942
| team1 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Mysore]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] (H)
| score-team1-inns1 = 68 (46.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = CJ Ramdev 28
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Jehangir Khot]] 6/19 (19 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 506/9d (145 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[KC Ibrahim]] 117
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[BK Garudachar]] 3/161 (49 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 157 (61.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Benjamin Frank]] 61
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Jehangir Khot]] 5/40 (19 overs)
| result = Bombay won by an innings and 281 runs
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai|Bombay]]
| umpires = MG Bhave and [[T. A. Ramachandran]]
| report = [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/17/17359.html Scorecard]
| toss = Mysore won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = GM Rajasekhar (Mysore) made his first-class debut.
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1941-42.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1941-42 Ranji Trophy}}
[[Category:1941 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1942 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1941–42]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Swathi (actress)

2026-02-21T04:39:54Z

PGPS:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Distinguish|Swathi Reddy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Swathi
| image =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], India
| othername = Swathi Kiran
| occupation = Actress, model
| yearsactive = 1995–1999 (Lead actress) 2000–2009 (Supporting actress) 2025–present (TV Series)
| spouse = Kiran (m.2009-present)
| children = 1
}}

'''Swathi''' is an Indian actress who has appeared in a few [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].

==Career==

She made her film debut with the film ''[[Deva (1995 film)|Deva]]'' in 1995 opposite [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]. Swathi shared the screen space with [[Ajith Kumar]] in ''[[Vaanmathi]]'' (1996) directed by [[Agathiyan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-s-yesteryear-heroine-swathi-all-set-to-make-her-tamil-comeback-1488604-2019-03-28 | title=Vijay's yesteryear heroine Swathi all set to make her Tamil comeback | date=28 March 2019 }}</ref>

After the success of ''Vaanmathi'', Swathi returned to [[Hyderabad]] to complete her education and turned down film offers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/aug08/south2.htm |title=Entertainment News: Latest Bollywood & Hollywood News, Today's Entertainment News Headlines}}{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> She played opposite Vijay in ''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]'' (1996) and ''[[Selva (film)|Selva]]'' (1996). She played a supporting role with [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] in ''[[Mappillai Gounder]]'' (1997).

After a few films in Tamil, she debuted in Hindi with [[Mithun Chakraborty]] and [[Suman Ranganathan]] in ''[[Hatyara (1998 film)|Hatyara]]'' (1998). In the same year, she joined hands with Ajith in ''[[Unnai Thedi]]'' (1999) directed by [[Sundar C]]. She was cast opposite [[Ramarajan]] in ''[[Annan (film)|Annan]]'' (1999).

In 2000, Swathi was seen in a Hindi film ''Qurbaniyaan''. The same year, she paired opposite Mithun Chakraborty in ''[[Justice Chowdhary]]''. Swathi got a small yet meaty role in ''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]'', a Kannada film with [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]. In 2003, she shared the screen space with [[Vijayakanth]] in ''[[Chokka Thangam]]'' directed by [[K. Bhagyaraj]]. In 2004, she was seen in ''[[Thendral (film)|Thendral]]'' in a supporting role. In this movie, Swathi shared the screen space with [[R. Parthiban]]. In 2008, she played a supporting role in ''[[Ezhuthiyatharadi]]''.

She was last seen in [[Ameer Sultan|Ameer]]'s ''[[Yogi (2009 Tamil film)|Yogi]]'' in 2009 and she chose to bid adieu to the acting career.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.starboxoffice.com/kollywood/article/article.aspx?bid=2009%2FJanuary%2FNews_20090112_30 |title=STAR Box Office - Kollywood Beautiful Swathi is back |access-date=23 July 2022 |archive-date=1 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401055024/http://www.starboxoffice.com/kollywood/article/article.aspx?bid=2009%2FJanuary%2FNews_20090112_30 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. In 2025, she makes a comeback in Tamil serial [[Parijatham (2025 TV series)|Parijatham]] as one of the a main role.

==Personal life==
She married a company director, Kiran, on 2 December 2009 at Maruthi Gardens, Red Hills in Hyderabad. The couple have one son.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/wedding-ravali.html |title=Ravali weds Neeli Krishna - Telugu cinema |publisher=Idlebrain.com |access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995 || ''[[Deva (1995 film)|Deva]]'' || Bharathi || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''[[Aata Hudugata]]'' || Anuradha || Kannada ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |1996 || ''[[Vaanmathi]]'' || Vaanmathi || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Gajanura Gandu]]'' || Ranjini || [[Kannada]] || Credited as Narmada
|-
| ''[[Vasantha Vaasal]]'' || Divya || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Vishwanath (1996 film)|Vishwanath]]'' || Swathi || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Selva (film)|Selva]]'' || Sumathi || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |1997 || ''[[Thaali (1997 film)|Thaali]]'' || Ganga || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Mappillai Gounder]]'' || Amsavalli || Tamil ||
|-
|''Priyamaina Srivaru''
|
|Telugu
|
|-
|''Vammo Vatto O Pellaamo''
|
|Telugu
|
|-
| ''My India'' || Jyothi || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Nattupura Nayagan]]'' || Ranjani || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|1998 || ''[[Sundara Pandian]]'' || Karthika || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Thulli Thirintha Kaalam]]'' || Swathi || Tamil || Special appearance
|-
| ''[[Hatyara (1998 film)|Hatyara]]'' || Professor Kajol || [[Hindi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|1999 || ''[[House Full (1999 film)|House Full]]'' || Stella || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Unnai Thedi]]'' || Chitra || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Annan (film)|Annan]]'' || Sundari || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Ponvizha]]'' || Parvathi || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Sivan (film)|Sivan]]'' || Shenbagam || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2000 || ''Qurbaniyaan'' || Professor Kajol || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Justice Chowdhary]]'' || Saritha || Hindi ||
|-
| ''[[Yajamana (2000 film)|Yajamana]]'' || Dr. Keerthi || Kannada ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2001 || ''[[Asathal]]'' || Catherine || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala]]'' || Saro || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003 || ''[[Chokka Thangam]]'' || Gowri || Tamil ||
|-
| ''Chandu'' || || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Credited as Archana
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2004 || ''[[Thendral (film)|Thendral]]'' || Sundari || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Seshadri Naidu]]'' || Seshadri Naidu's sister || Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhale Jayam]]'' || Chithra || Tamil ||
|-
|2007 ||''Thangiya Mane''|| Lakshmi|| Kannada ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Ezhuthiyatharadi]]'' || Roja || Tamil || Dubbed into Telugu as ''Premistu''
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009 || ''[[Yogi (2009 Tamil film)|Yogi]]'' || Caroline || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Sankham]]'' || || Telugu ||
|-
|}

==TV Series==

* ''[[Parijatham (2025 TV series)|Parijatham]]'' as Subathra Devi (2025 - present) [[Zee Tamil]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm8949092}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swathi}}
[[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Thonnakkal Peethambaran

2026-02-12T03:14:33Z

PGPS: Adding new details

{{Short description|Indian Kathakali exponent}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tonnakkal Peethambaran
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1939|12|02}}
| birth_place = Thonnakkal, [[Travancore]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Kathakali exponent
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse =
| parents = P. Ramakrishnan Vaidyan, G. Thankamma
| children =
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], Kerala state kathakali award, [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]] award
}}
'''Tonnakkal Peethambaran''' is a [[Kathakali]] exponent from [[Kerala]], [[India]]. He has been honored with several noted awards including the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] 2003, [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] 2011 and Kerala State Kathakali Award 2014.

==Biography==
Peethambaran was born on 2 December 1939, at Vilayil house in Thonnakkal, [[Chirayinkeezhu taluk]] in present-day [[Thiruvananthapuram District]] to ayurvedic physician P. Ramakrishnan Vaidyan and G. Thankamma.<ref name="kathakali">{{cite web |title=തോന്നയ്ക്കൽ പീതാംബരൻ {{!}} കഥകളി.ഇൻഫൊ {{!}} Kathakali.info {{!}} കളിയറിവുകളുടെ തിരമൊഴി {{!}} The internet Kathakali hangout |url=https://kathakali.info/ml/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BB |website=kathakali.info |access-date=2022-01-17 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118184450/https://kathakali.info/ml/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%BB |url-status=live }}</ref> Pirappankode Kunjan Pillai was his first Guru. After studying for a while under Oyur Kochugovinda Pillai, he joined [[RLV College of Music and Fine Arts|Tripunithura RLV college]].<ref name="kathakali"/> His achievements as a Kathakali actor are due to the sincere discipline of [[Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair]].<ref name="kathakali"/>

An expert in both ''Pacha'' and ''Kathi'' roles in kathakali, his ''Kathi'' roles as [[Duryodhana]], [[Kichaka]] and [[Ravana]] characters in the stories of ''Duryodhana Vadham'', ''Uttarasvayamvaram'' and ''Nizhal kuthu'' are famous.<ref name="kathakali"/> He has performed in many stages in India and also in foreign countries like [[Italy]], [[Rome]], [[France]], [[England]], [[Iran]] and [[Spain]] and has participated in the [[Edinburgh Festival]].<ref name="Kerala Tourism">{{cite web |title=Thonnakkal Peethambaran - Kathakali Maestro |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2014/thonnakkal-peethambaran/529 |website=Kerala Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, [[Government of Kerala]] |language=en |access-date=2022-01-17 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182701/https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2014/thonnakkal-peethambaran/529 |url-status=live }}</ref> He directed and performed in ''Veluthampi Dalava'' [[Aattakatha (performance)|aattakatha]] written by K. N. Gopala Pillai.<ref name="Kerala Tourism"/> Peethambaran also served as the Founder Secretary of Kollam Kathakali Club and President of the All Kerala Kathakali Club.<ref name="Kerala Tourism"/>

He lives in his house ''Nishidam'' at [[Kottiyam]], [[Kollam district]].<ref name="kathakali"/>

==Awards and honours==
*[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] 2011<ref>{{cite news |title=കലാമണ്ഡലം ഗോപിക്ക് അക്കാദമി ഫെലോഷിപ് {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/news/139847/111216?infinitescroll=1 |work=www.madhyamam.com |date=17 December 2011 |language=ml |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118201522/https://www.madhyamam.com/news/139847/111216?infinitescroll=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] 2003<ref>{{cite web |title=Kathakali, Awards, Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/kathakali-a-ksna/468 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2022-01-17 |archive-date=2022-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182613/http://www.keralaculture.org/kathakali-a-ksna/468 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Kerala state kathakali award 2014<ref name="Kerala Tourism"/>
*First Kathakali Shresthacharya Award<ref>{{cite news |last1=ഡെസ്ക് |first1=വെബ് |title=മടവൂര്‍ വാസുദേവൻ നായർ അനുസ്മരണം {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/local-news/pathanamthitta/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81/591131?amp |work=www.madhyamam.com |date=8 February 2019 |language=ml |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182350/https://www.madhyamam.com/local-news/pathanamthitta/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81/591131?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Chennithala Chellappan Pillai Award 2012<ref name="kathakali"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peethambaran, Thonnakkal}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kathakali dancers]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Padmaja Phenany Joglekar

2026-02-09T06:02:15Z

PGPS: Created A Pg

{{Short description|Indian musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Padmaja Phenany Joglekar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|7|7|df=yes}}
| known_for = [[Hindustani Classical Music]]
}}
'''Padmaja Phenany Joglekar''' is a [[Hindustani Classical]] singer.<ref>{{cite book
| title = India Who's who
| publisher = INFA Publications
| year= 2004
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=woJmAAAAMAAJ&q=padmaja+phenani}}
</ref> She is a disciple of [[Pandit Jasraj]].<ref>{{cite book
| last1 = Misra | first1 = Susheela
| title = Among contemporary musicians
| publisher = Harman Pub. House
| year= 2001
| isbn = 9788186622469
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GL8GAQAAMAAJ&q=padmaja+phenani}}
</ref> She was awarded the [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2000–09)|Padma Shri Award]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013)
|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf
|access-date=11 Dec 2013
|archive-date=15 October 2015
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

==Early life==
Brought up in the tradition of [[Indian classical music]], Padmaja a graduate in [[Microbiology]], opted for a career in music. Today she sings both [[Hindustani Classical]] ( [[Khayal]], [[Thumri]], [[Tappa]] etc.) and the light popular variety ( [[Gazals]], [[Geet (song)|Geet]], [[Bhajans]] etc.).

== Personal life ==
She is married to Sunil Joglekar and has a son.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

==Career==
Joglekar started learning [[Hindustani Classical music]] under the guidance of the vocalist [[Jasraj]]. She took further training from the [[Sarangi]] maestro [[Pandit Ram Narayan]] and the [[music director]] [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar|Pandit Hridaynath Mangeshkar]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Her three albums titled ''Hee Shubhra Phulanchi Jwala'', ''Rang Bawara Shravan'' and ''Ghar Nachale Nachela'' consist of Marathi poems written by poets like [[Kusumagraj]], [[Indira Sant]], [[Vinda Karandikar]], [[Mangesh Padgaonkar]], Shankar Ramani, [[Suresh Bhat]], Grace & Shantabai Shelke. She has also released an album of Marathi Gazals and recently two albums titled ''Hey Gagana'' and ''He Sparsha Chandanyanche''. Her latest Marathi album ''Megha Re'' was released in Diwali 2009.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

In her album titled ''Geet Naya Gata Hoon'', Joglekar sang poems written by [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. She has also tuned and sung poems written by former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[V. P. Singh|Shri V P Singh]], album to be released shortly.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

She has released an Gazal Album '''‘Zindagi ki Zuban’''' and Hindi album of [[bhajan]]s composed by [[Anup Jalota|Shri Anup Jalota]] titled '''"Mangaldeep"'''. Another album of Gazals written by such great poets like [[Daagh Dehlvi|Daag]], [[Jigar]], [[Ahmed Faraz]], [[Bashir Badr|Dr. Bashir Badr]] etc. & are also in the making. Her latest album ''Rang'' consists of [[Sufi music|Sufi]] style songs in [[Hindi]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

===Concerts===
Joglekar has performed at various conferences in India and also had many concerts in the UK, United States, Canada, [[Singapore]] and [[UAE]] including the Bruhan Maharashtra Mandal (BMM) 2013 convention held at [[Rhodes Island]] in July 2013.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

* "'''Mangaldeep'''" a concert of Marathi Bhavgeet & [[poems]]. The concert includes the songs Padmaja has sung in the film '''Nivdung''' ('''''Kenvha tari Pahate''''' & '''''Lavlav kari Paat'''''), her composition of outstanding poems of [[Kusumagraj]], [[Indira Sant]], Shankar Ramani, [[Suresh Bhat]] etc. from her various albums ('''Hee shubhra phulanchi Jwala''', '''Ranga Bavara Shravan''', '''Ghara nachale Nachale '''etc.) and some Bandish and associated songs based on that bandish which she has learnt from her guruji [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]].
* "'''BhaktiRang'''", a concert of [[devotional music]]. It consists of [[Bhajans]] by [[Meera]], [[Kabir]], [[Tulsi]], [[Nanak]], and [[Rahim]] etc. They are mainly in Hindi with a few in Gujarati. She has been performing this concert since last two years and has also performed a few combined concerts with Shri [[Anup Jalota]] and '''Padmashri Purshottamdas ji Jalota'''. The press report of Chennai concert is available on the Hindu website whose address is <ref name="BhaktiRang">{{cite news|title= Evening of melody and bhakti|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/evening-of-melody-and-bhakti/article28577783.ece|date=10 December 2004|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>
* "'''Mehefil -E -Gazal'''" consisting of [[gazals]] of great [[shayar (poet)|shayar]]s like [[Ghalib]], [[Daagh Dehlvi|Daag]], [[Jigar]], [[Bahadurshah Zafar]], [[Faiz Ahmad Faiz]], [[Momin Khan Momin|Momin]], Mir Taki Mir etc. & living legends like [[Ahmad Faraz]], Dr. Bashir Badr etc. In this concert she sings her own compositions as well as some popular ones. This concert is a Gazal connoisseurs delight.
* "'''Tere Sur aur mere Geet'''" - This is the latest concert launched in 2005. It consists of memorable Classics of Hindi Film mainly 50's to 70's period consisting of compositions of such great composers like [[Pandit Ravi Shankar]], [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]], [[Salil Choudhary]], [[S. D. Burman|S D Burman]], [[Jaidev]], Sham Sundar, [[Vasant Desai]] & [[R. D. Burman|R D Burman]]. The songs selected are outstanding & popular but rarely performed live. This is not an orchestra but a Mehfil.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://padmaja.co.in/ Official Website of Padmaja Phenany Joglekar]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phenany Joglekar, Padmaja}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]

Man Mohan Suri

2026-02-08T12:06:03Z

PGPS: further update layout for clarity and updated info

{{Short description|Indian mechanical engineer}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Man Mohan Suri
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1928|1|13}}
| birth_place = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1981|7|25|1928|1|13}}
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Mechanical engineering]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute]] }}
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = {{ublist|Suri transmission | Introducing [[farm tractor]]s in India }}
| awards = {{ublist|1961 [[Padma Shri]] | 1962 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]]}}
}}
'''Man Mohan Suri''' (1928–1981) was an Indian mechanical engineer and the Director of [[Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute]] (CMERI), Durgapur.<ref name="How India's fields got `Swaraj'">{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/bline/2003/08/08/stories/2003080800260900.htm |title=How India's fields got 'Swaraj' |date=8 August 2003 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> He is best known for inventing ''[[Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute#Achievements|Suri Transmission]]'', a hydromechanical [[transmission unit]], reported to increase the efficiency of diesel locomotives<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=287 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> and he held the patent for the inventions.<ref name="Power transmission unit">{{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3065653 |title=Power transmission unit |last=Suri Man Mohan |date=27 November 1962 |publisher=United States Patent |work=Patent No. US3065653 A}}</ref> The technology is known to have led to 36 patent specifications in eleven countries.<ref name="Engineering Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm |title=Engineering Sciences |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211647/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=2015-09-23 }}</ref> He is also credited with the conceptualization of Swaraj farm tractor, a product of [[Punjab Tractors Ltd.]] and held another patent for his development of ''Railway truck wheel assembly''.<ref name="Railway truck wheel assembly">{{Cite web |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3065653 |title=Railway truck wheel assembly |last=Suri Man Mohan |date=28 August 1967 |publisher=United States Patent |work=Patent No. US3334596 A}}</ref> He received the fourth highest Indian civilian award of the [[Padma Shri]] in 1961.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Shri |publisher=Government of India |date=2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-15 }}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 1962.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> The Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi has instituted an annual award, ''Padmashri Manmohan Suri Project Award'', for honoring the best mechanical project by its alumni.<ref name="Saha">{{cite book|author=S K Saha|title=Introduction to Robotics, 2e|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxriAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-93-329-0281-7|pages=33–}}</ref>
[[File:Swaraj Tractor.jpg|thumb|235px|Swaraj Tractor, the first indigenous tractor designed and manufactured in India.]]

{{portal|India|Engineering}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3065653.html |title=Power transmission unit |date=2016 |publisher=Free Patents Online |work=Patent information}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://assistech.iitd.ernet.in/awards.php |title=Padmashri Manmohan Suri Project Award |date=2016 |publisher=Assistech - IIT Delhi}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://web.iitd.ac.in/~jpkhatait/biosketch.html |title=Biosketch |date=2016 |publisher=IIT Delhi}}

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Engineering Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suri, Man Mohan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Engineers from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Indian mechanical engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

{{India-engineer-stub}}

Hans Raj Vohra

2026-02-07T19:34:31Z

PGPS: basic corrected formatting for clarity and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian revolutionary (1909–1985)}}
{{for|the approver at the Amritsar Conspiracy Case at Lahore in June 1919 following the [[Jallianwala Bagh Massacre]]|Hans Raj (approver)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hans Raj Vohra
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 1909
| birth_place = [[British India]]
| death_date = 13 September 1985 (aged 75-76)
| death_place = [[Maryland]], [[US]]
| other_names = Hans R. Vohra
| occupation = [[Journalist]]
| years_active =
| known_for = Testimony ([[approver]]) in the 1929–30 Lahore Conspiracy Case Trial of [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Sukhdev Thapar|Sukhdev]] and [[Shivaram Rajguru|Rajguru]]
| notable_works =
}}
'''Hans Raj Vohra''' (1909 – 13 September 1985) was an [[approver]] for British in [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|HSRA]], providing testimony for the British that identified his associates in return for his own freedom. In May 1930, his statement against [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Sukhdev Thapar]] and [[Shivaram Rajguru]], in the Lahore Conspiracy Case trial, became "crucial" in leading to passing of their death sentence .

After the trial, Vohra pursued a career in journalism, first in London, and then subsequently in Lahore and later in Washington. Before he died, he addressed a letter to Sukhdev's brother, explaining why he testified against his comrades.

== Early life and education==
Hans Raj Vohra was born in 1909.<ref name="Vaidik2016">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-edit-page/a-nation-betrayed/|title=A nation betrayed?|last=Vaidik|first=Aparna|date=25 February 2016|website=Times of India|language=en-US|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=Vaidik2013>{{Cite journal|last=Vaidik|first=Aparna|date=1 June 2013|title=History of a renegade revolutionary: revolutionism and betrayal in colonial India|journal=[[Postcolonial Studies]]|volume=16|issue=2|pages=216–229|doi=10.1080/13688790.2013.823264|issn=1368-8790}}</ref> His father was Guranditta Mal, a professor of mathematics at Lahore's [[Government College University, Lahore|Central Training College]].<ref name="Vaidik2015">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TnSFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA111|title=Revolutionary Lives in South Asia: Acts and Afterlives of Anticolonial Political Action|last=Vaidik|first=Aparna|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781138794979|editor-last=Maclean|editor-first=Kama|pages=108–113|language=en|chapter=8. History of a renegade revolutionary: revolutionism and betrayal in colonial India|editor-last2=Elam|editor-first2=J. David}}</ref>

Against the wishes of his father, Vohra became a trusted colleague and follower of the leading revolutionaries, [[Sukhdev Thapar]] and [[Bhagat Singh]]. He was subsequently inducted into the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Socialist Republican Army]] and became a revolutionary organiser, primarily arranging the distribution of leaflets and literature in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] in the 1920s.<ref name="Vaidik2016"/><ref name="Vaidik2015"/> Towards the end of the 1920s, as a student of the [[Forman Christian College]]<ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/29720/7/07_chapter%202.pdf "Chapter II. Naujawan Bharat Sabha and HSRA"]. [[Shodhganga]]. p. 95.</ref> and a member of the Lahore Student's Union, he became active in the student movement, recruiting to the [[Naujawan Bharat Sabha]].<ref name=Chandra>Chandra, Ram. {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hknJqf84cLEC&pg=PA70|title=History of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha|last=Chandra|first=Ram|date=2007|publisher=Unistar Books|isbn=978-81-89899-61-5|language=en|page=240}}</ref>

==Lahore conspiracy case==
[[File:Bhagat Singh's execution Lahore Tribune Front page.jpg|thumb|Bhagat Singh's execution as reported in ''The Tribune'' of Lahore.]]
Vohra came to be in police custody for 17 days following his arrest on 17 December 1928, the same day as the murder of John Saunders, the Assistant Superintendent mistaken for [[James Alexander Scott|James Scott]].<ref name=Nayer2000p.111-114>[[Kuldip Nayar|Nayar, Kuldip]], (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA111 ''The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution'']. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp.111-114. {{isbn|9788124107003}}</ref> Bhagat Singh was later arrested on 8 April 1929 after he was found bombing the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]. Although not directly involved with the bombing, Vohra,<ref name=Verma2017>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Um42DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT62|title=Rajguru - The Invincible Revolutionary|last=Verma|first=Anil|date=15 September 2017|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=9788123025223|language=en}}</ref> then working in the offices of ''[[Bande Mataram ]]'',<ref name=Mac2016>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJ_OCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP85|title=A Revolutionary History of Interwar India: Violence, Image, Voice and Text|last=Maclean|first=Kama|date=2016|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-85890-85-7|pages=68|language=en}}</ref> knew of its details through Sukhdev, and after his second arrest in May 1929, closed his testimony and "tendered pardon, the conditions of which I accepted".<ref name=Verma2017/> The testimony was subsequently used in the Lahore Conspiracy Case trial which began in July 1929.<ref name="EconomicTimes2017">{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/remembering-the-men-who-shook-up-the-british-raj/martyrs-day-it-is/slideshow/57792771.cms|title=Remembering the men who shook up the British Raj - Martyrs' Day it is|website=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref> In May 1930, he gave evidence in the trial which gave its judgement on 7 October 1930, sentencing "Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru to [[death by hanging]]".<ref name=Nayer2000p.111-114/><ref name="IndianLaw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indialawjournal.org/archives/volume1/issue_3/bhagat_singh.html|title=India Law Journal|website=www.indialawjournal.org|access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref>

It was not until the 1980s that Vohra made an attempt to explain why he did not divulge his colleagues details during the first arrest but disclosed all at the second arrest in 1929 after he had been informed that his mentor Sukhdev had already given away all their secrets. Vohra claimed in the letter that he felt let down and decided "I could not risk going down with people I no longer respected".<ref name="Vaidik2016" /><ref name=Verma2017/> Author [[Kuldip Nayar]] explained in his book ''The Martyr: Bhagat Singh - Experiments in Revolution'' (2000), that in the Lahore Conspiracy Case Trial of 1929-30, Vohra's testimony "was crucial in the death sentence handed out to Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru - his ex-comrades".<ref name=Nayer2000p.149>[[Kuldip Nayar|Nayar, Kuldip]], (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC&pg=PA111 ''The Martyr: Bhagat Singh Experiments in Revolution'']. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp.149. {{isbn|9788124107003}}</ref><ref name="outlook">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/145his-violence-wasnt-just-about-killing146/208908|title='His Violence Wasn't Just About Killing': Interview with Kuldip Nayar|last=Nayar|first=Kuldip|date=21 February 2000|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>

Two other significant approvers were Phonindra Nath Ghosh, whose testimony revolved mainly around the establishment of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association|Hindustan Socialist Party]] and [[Jai Gopal]] who focused on the murder of Saunders, while it was Vohra's testimony which concentrated on Bhagat Singh's activities.<ref name=Nayer2000p.111-114/> Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru subsequently became national heroes of the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref name="EconomicTimes2017"/>

== Later life ==
Following the trial and the request to the British government by his father and acceptance by the Viceroy, Vohra was sponsored by the Punjab government to study at the [[London School of Economics]].<ref name="Vaidik2015"/> After a Masters in political science, he gained a degree in journalism from [[London University]],<ref name="Vaidik2015"/> returned to Lahore in 1936,<ref name="Vaidik2015" /> was appointed Assistant Information Officer in the [[Press Information Bureau|Bureau of Public Information]] in 1942,<ref>{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=6RfvTcOhIS8C |title=Indian Information|date=1942|publisher=Bureau of the public information of the government of India.|volume=10-11|pages=452|language=en}}</ref> and was the correspondent of the ''[[Civil and Military Gazette]]'' of Lahore until 1948. In 1958, he transferred to Washington, corresponded using the name "Hans R. Vohra" and became the Washington correspondent of ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref name="Vaidik2015"/><ref name=Business>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/new-light-on-bhagat-singh-107110201047_1.html|title=New light on Bhagat Singh|last=Bhattacharya|first=A. K.|date=2 November 2007|work=[[Business Standard India]]|access-date=12 December 2019}}</ref>

He remained a correspondent and never made it to editor.<ref name="Vaidik2015" /> In 1965, as the Washington correspondent for the ''Times of India'', his interview with [[Dean Rusk]], the then [[United States Secretary of State]], was published in the ''Department of State Bulletin''.<ref name=InterviewRusk1965>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LgUuhdomYbIC&pg=PA105|title=The Department of State Bulletin|date=19 July 1965|publisher=Office of Public Communication, Bureau of Public Affairs|pages=105–110|language=en}}</ref>

He retired in 1969,<ref name=Economic1979>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dN4nAAAAMAAJ|title=Economic and Political Weekly|date=1979|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|location=University of Michigan|pages=1447|language=en}}</ref> but continued to work [[freelancer|freelance]].<ref name="Vaidik2015" /> In 1970, he published a paper in the ''[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]'' titled "India's Nuclear Policy of Three Negatives", where he described India's attitude to the [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons]] as "will not sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty...will not make nuclear weapons...will not accept any nuclear guarantees".<ref name="Subramanian1975">{{Cite journal|last=Subramanian|first=R. R.|date=1975|title=Nuclear India and the NPT: Prospects for the Future?|journal=Instant Research on Peace and Violence|volume=5|issue=1|pages=35–39|issn=0046-967X|jstor=40724758}}</ref><ref name=Vohra1971>{{Cite journal|last=Vohra|first=Hans R.|date=1970-04-01|title=India's Nuclear Policy of Three Negatives|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=26|issue=4|pages=25–27|doi=10.1080/00963402.1970.11457797|issn=0096-3402|bibcode=1970BuAtS..26d..25V}}</ref>

==Death==
He spent the last few years of life in [[social isolation]]. In 1981, before he died, he addressed a letter to Sukhdev's brother, explaining why he testified and expressed the wish to be forgotten:<ref name="Vaidik2015"/><ref name="outlook"/>
<blockquote>Mine has been a most difficult life, full of risks, but so far touch wood, I have emerged virtually unscathed, at least physically. But the memory of the twenties accompanies me doggedly, teasingly and hauntingly….I hope by the time I die, I would have been fully forgotten, This is my only ambition.<ref name="Vaidik2015"/></blockquote>
He died on 13 September 1985 in [[Maryland]]. He was married and had three children and by them had six grandchildren.<ref name="Vaidik2015"/><ref name=Heritage>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/hans_vohra|title=My Heritage: Hans Raj Vohra|website=www.myheritage.com|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.1970.11457797?journalCode=rbul20 "India's Nuclear Policy of Three Negatives"], ''[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]'', Vol. 26, Issue 4 (1970) pp. 25–27. {{doi|10.1080/00963402.1970.11457797}}
*"A Letter From Washington: Ministry of Science—U.S. Style", ''Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists'', Vol. 27, Issue 1 (1971), pp. 29–33. {{doi|10.1080/00963402.1971.11455308}}

==See also==
*[[Lahore Conspiracy Case (disambiguation)|Lahore Conspiracy Case]]
*[[Lahore Conspiracy Case trial]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vohra, Hans Raj}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]

Chlormint

2026-02-03T09:23:05Z

PGPS: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Perfetti Van Melle#Products]]
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[[Category:Chewing gum]]
[[Category:Perfetti Van Melle brands]]
[[Category:Breath mints]]
[[Category:Indian confectionery]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]

Ashraful Haque (actor)

2026-01-28T20:29:26Z

PGPS: basic refine formatting for clarity further

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ashraful Haque 
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age at death|df=yes|46|2015|02|17}}<ref name="IT"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| birth_place = [[Goalpara]], [[Assam]]
| death_date = {{Death date and given age|df=yes|2015|02|17|46}}<ref name="IT"/><ref name="TOI"/>
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active =
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
*''[[Talaash (2012 film)|Talaash]]''
*''[[Manjhi - The Mountain Man]]''
*''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]''}}
}}

'''Ashraful Haque''' (died 17 February 2015) was an Indian actor who mainly appeared in [[Hindi films]] and was popularly known for his work in ''[[Talaash (2012 film)|Talaash]]'' (2012), ''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]'' (2011) and ''[[Manjhi - The Mountain Man]]'' (2015).<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ashraful-haque-passes-away/photostory/46275165.cms|title=Ashraful Haque passes away|work=The Times of India|first=Tejashree|last=Bhopatkar|date=17 February 2015 |access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref> He also appeared in ''[[Black Friday (2004 film)|Black Friday]]'', ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'', ''[[Deewaar (2004 film)|Deewar]]'', ''[[Fukrey]]'', ''[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]'', and ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]'' . He was a graduate of the [[National School of Drama]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/goodbye-ashraful-haque-directors-on-death-of-an-unknown-actor-740793|title=Goodbye, Ashraful Haque: Directors on Death of an Unknown Actor|work=NDTVMovies.com|access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="IT">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/ashraful-haque-bone-marrow-cancer-sunita-hospital-fukrey-behrupiya-bollywood-240747-2015-02-17|title=Fukrey actor Ashraful Haque passes away in Mumbai|date=17 February 2015 |publisher=India Today|access-date=31 March 2016}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Haque hails from [[Goalpara]] in [[Assam]].<ref name="TOI"/> He graduated from [[National School of Drama]] in 1997 with specialisation in Acting.<ref name="IT"/> He started his career with critically acclaimed film, ''[[Behrupiya]]'' and had acted in over 30 films apart from his television serials and ad films. He had also performed in more than 30 plays.<ref name="IT"/> Haque is survived by his wife and a son.<ref name="IT"/><ref name="TOI"/>

==Illness and death==
He had a rare disorder called [[myelodysplastic syndrome]] and was undergoing treatment for sometime. He died on 17 February 2015 at the age of 46.<ref name="IT"/><ref name="TOI"/>

==Filmography==
*''Sab Golmaal Hai''
*''[[Dil Kya Kare]]''
*''[[Mela (2000 film)|Mela]]''
*''[[Shool]]''
*''[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]''
*''[[Love Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega]]''
*''Lal Salaam''
*''[[Kranti (2002 film)|Kranti]]''
*''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''
*''[[Calcutta Mail]]''
*''[[Yuva]]''
*''[[Deewaar (2004 film)|Deewaar: Let's Bring Our Heroes Home]]''
*''[[Black Friday (2007 film)|Black Friday]]''
*''The White Land''
*''[[Risk (2007 film)|Risk]]''
*''Khanna and Iyer''
*''[[The Stoneman Murders]]''
*''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]''
*''[[Aakrosh (2010 film)|Aakrosh]]''
*''[[Knock Out (2010 film)|Knock Out]]''
*''[[Mumbai Cutting]]''
*''[[Red Alert: The War Within]]''
*''[[Delhi Belly (film)|Delhi Belly]]''
*''[[Mumbai Mast Kallander]]''
*''[[Satrangee Parachute]]''
*''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]''
*''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]''
*''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''
*''[[Fukrey]]''
*''[[The Lost Behrupiya]]''
*''[[Manjhi - The Mountain Man]]''
*[[Game Paisa Ladki]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0361637}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haque, Ashraful}}
[[Category:1960s births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Assam]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:People from Goalpara district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

{{India-film-actor-1960s-stub}}

Lekhapani railway station

2026-01-28T03:55:55Z

PGPS: updated details

{{Short description|Railway station in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Lekhapani
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Ledo Assam (27).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Assam Trunk Road, Makum, District: Tinsukia, Assam
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|27.321|N|95.828|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|130|m|ft}}
| line = [[Lumding–Dibrugarh section]]
| other =
| structure = Standard on ground
| platform =
| tracks =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| opened = 1890
| closed = 1993
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = LKPE
| zone =
| division =
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railway]]
| status = Defunct
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Assam#India
| map_caption = Location in Assam##Location in India
| map_dot_label =
}}

{{ Lumding–Dibrugarh section|collapse=y}}

'''Lekhapani''' is a railway station on the [[Lumding–Dibrugarh section]]. It is located in [[Tinsukia district]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]].

[[File:Ledo Assam (41).jpg|thumb|400px|Display board of NF Railway]]

==History==
[[File:Ledo Assam (45).jpg|thumb|400px|Abandoned Lekhapani railway station]]

Lekhapani railway station, opened around 1890, was a major coal-loading point for Tipong collieries. There is a display tablet at the station which says that the station was closed to commercial traffic in 1993 and the last train ran on the line in 1997. The railway station was restored in 2009.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=aug2810/at097 |title = NF Rly to promote its heritage | publisher=The Assam Tribune, 28 August 2010 | accessdate = 20 May 2013 }}</ref><ref name=flickr>{{cite web| url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/51577708@N07/5277679094/|title = Railway's Last Frontier| date=18 October 2009 | publisher= flickr| accessdate = 20 May 2013 }}</ref>

Lekhapani used to be the easternmost railway station of Indian Railways. When gauge conversions took place around 1997, Ledo became the last and the easternmost station. The {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] continued up to Tirap for railway sidings. Beyond that the remnants of the {{track gauge|1000mm}}-wide [[metre-gauge]] track to Lekhapani was visible (as of 2005).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-trivia.html |title = Trivia|work=Easternmost station| publisher= IRFCA | accessdate = 20 May 2013 }}</ref>

==Stillwell Road==
Lekhapani was the starting point of the [[Stillwell Road]] constructed by the Allied forces in 1942–45 through Burma to [[Kunming]] in China.<ref name=flickr/>

== New line surveys ==
Surveys are underway for {{convert|6|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long line from Tirap to Lekhapani and {{convert|31|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long line from Lekhapani to Kharsang in [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/underway |title =Railway's Surveys Underway| publisher= Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region | accessdate = 20 May 2013 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Assam}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1890]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tinsukia district]]
[[Category:Former railway stations in India]]
[[Category:Tinsukia railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India closed in 1993]]
{{Assam-railstation-stub}}

Vatandar

2026-01-17T17:08:04Z

PGPS: Reverting block-evading editing ( Thakor Sumant Sinhji Jhala)

{{Short description|Land-Owner from Western India}}

The '''Vatandar''' or '''Watandar''' ([[Hindi]]/[[Marathi language|Marathi]] : '''वतनदार''') is an Indian term meaning "landholder". The title was given to landowners, particularly in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Catanach |first=I. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHG6EAAAQBAJ&dq=Vatandar+Brahmin&pg=PA15 |title=Rural Credit in Western India 1875–1930: Rural Credit and the Co-operative Movement in the Bombay Presidency |date=2023-04-28 |publisher=[[Univ of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-32782-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref>

The Vatandar generally owned a plot of land or [[Jagir|V''atan'']]''/Watan'' worked by the local people, who were dependent on the vatandar for their subsistence. In some cases, "V''atan"'' land and the title ''vatandar'' were awarded to an individual by a higher ruler as reward for meritorious military service.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wankhede |first=Deepak Mahadeo Rao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QT2oec2u3oC |title=Geographical Thought of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |date=2009 |publisher=Gautam Book Center |isbn=978-81-87733-88-1 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref>

The grant of a ''Watan'' territory differed from the grant of an "''[[Inamdar (title)|Inam]]"'' and a person might hold either or both. While a ''Watan'' was a hereditary rent-free grant to a village resident in lieu of services that the resident was expected to perform for the village on an ongoing basis, an ''Inam'' was granted in recognition of past service to the state, usually but not always in relation to the military. A ''Watan'' grant continued for as long as its holder had the confidence of the village community, whilst an ''Inam'' grant, which might also take the form of a share of village land revenues, was held in perpetuity.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kosambi|editor-first=Meera|last=Kulkarni|first=A. R.|chapter=The Mahar Watan: A Historical Perspective|title=Intersections: Socio-Cultural Trends in Maharashtra|date=2000|publisher=Sangam|location=London|isbn=978-0863118241|pages=121–140|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&pg=PA121|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420144527/https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&pg=PA121|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Communities Of Vatandars ==

* [[Maratha clan system|Maratha 96 Kulis]] - Many people from this community were Vatandars due to heavy participation in the military of the [[Maratha Empire]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]/[[Nizam shah I|Nizam Shahi]]. (Example [[Raghuji I|Raghuji Bhosale]] Clan of [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Nagpur]])

* [[Koli people|Koli]] - '''Vatandar''', or '''Watandar''' is a [[Indian honorifics|title]] of the [[Koli people|Kolis]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Guha |first=Sumit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEYSSgAACAAJ |title=Environment & Ethnicity In India:1200-1991 |date=2007-12-24 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-05592-5 |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=91 |quote= In 1763-4 uprisings in the vicinity of Rajmachi in the [[Maval]] [[List of districts of Maharashtra|district]] were serious enough for troops to be despatched there. Meanwhile, trouble was also brewing at [[Purandar taluka|Purandhar]]. The garrison there had developed a close attachment to Gopikabai and her son [[Madhavrao]] - a claimant to the [[Peshwa]]ship, who was temporarily displaced from power by his uncle [[Raghunathrao]] in 1762. The latter decided to tighten his hold on the government, and placed two of his adherents - Sakharam pant and Abha Purandare - in charge of [[Sinhagad]] and Purandhar respectively. But the [[Koli people|Kolis]] were Watandars, and refused to accept their new commander |language=en}}</ref> who were ''Vatandar'' in [[Maratha Empire]] and "landholder Kolis".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F6thAAAAIAAJ |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Akola |date=1977 |publisher=Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |location=New Delhi |page=239 |quote= Watandars are found in [[Jalgaon]] tahsil in [[Khandesh]], doing village service but superior to [[Mahar]]s. When a festival in honour of Mahadeva is held at [[Mahabaleshwar]], the feast begins by food being set before two Watandar Kolis |language=en}}</ref> (Famous Example - [[Javji Bamble|Bamble]] Clan of [[Yavatmal]])

* [[Vanjari caste|Vanjari]] - A north-Indian community which were awarded ''<nowiki/>'Vatan''' for their military duties as soldiers & commissariats of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] and [[Ajmer State|Rajput]] Empires (Famous Example - Garje Clan of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]] & [[Beed]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Husbandmen |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.235970 |title=Gazetteer Bombay Presidency Ahmadnagar Vol-i (1884) |date=1884}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=C. Brown |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2958 |title=Central provinces and berar District Gazetteers Akola District, volume A-descriptive |last2=A.E. Nelson |date=1910 |publisher=Calcutta, Baptist Mission Press}}</ref>

* [[Brahmin]] - the Brahmins were Vatandars under rulers but they were hereditary priests for their Kings & rulers; received the Vatan for their duties as family priest.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanstha |first=Samaj Prabodhan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzVKAAAAMAAJ |title=Agro-industrial Balance: An Expository Survey of Sirur Taluka |date=1964 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |language=en}}</ref> (Famous Example - [[Patwardhan dynasty|Patwardhan]] Clan of [[Miraj Senior|Miraj]])

* [[Dhangar]] - A community in [[Maharashtra]] which were awarded '<nowiki/>''Vatan''' for their meritorious military service in the Maratha Empire. (Famous Example - [[Malhar Rao Holkar]] of [[Indore State]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Krshnaji Ananta Sabhasada |url=http://archive.org/details/sivachhatrapatib00krshrich |title=Siva Chhatrapati : being a translation of Sabhasad Bakhar with extracts from Chitnis and Sivadigvijya, with notes |last2=Sen |first2=Surendra Nath |date=1920 |publisher=Calcutta : University of Calcutta |others=University of California Libraries}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Bara Balutedar]]
*[[Jagirdar]]
*[[Ryot]]

* [[Zamindar]]
* [[Saranjamdar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vatandar, Watandar}}

*The State and the Village Community in Medieval Maharashtra (Seventeenth-Eighteenth Century AD)/Mily Roy Anand. New Delhi, Rajat, 2005, vii, 119 p., {{ISBN|81-7880-156-6}}.
*http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Ahmadnagar/gen_admin_collector.html
*''Medieval Indian History''. Krishnaji Nageshrao Chitnis. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 2003 {{ISBN|81-7156-062-8}}, 978-81-7156-062-2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xMcIu7kL42MC&dq=Watans+of+maharashtra&pg=PA200]
*''Administrative System of the Marathas''. Surendra Nath Sen, Published by K. P. Bagchi, 1976 Pg. 18,21,141

[[Category:Social history of India]]
[[Category:Indian feudalism]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]

Rithvik Sanjeevi

2026-01-05T22:17:15Z

PGPS: Created A Data

{{Short description|Indian badminton player (born 2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Rithvik Sanjeevi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rithvik Sanjeevi Satish Kumar
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2003|05|15}}
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| residence =
| height =
| weight =
| years_active =
| handedness = Right
| event = Men's singles
| career_record = 88 wins, 51 losses
| highest_ranking = 55
| date_of_highest_ranking = 2 September 2025
| current_ranking = 75
| date_of_current_ranking = 9 December 2025
| medal_templates =

| bwfbadminton_id = 86975
| bwf_id = 1565F001-E779-44B5-9374-E19F606E47A5
}}

'''Rithvik Sanjeevi Satish Kumar''' (born 15 May 2003) is an Indian [[badminton]] player.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-06 |title=Rithvik Sanjeevi from Hatsun Badminton Centre finishes runner up in Yonex – Sunrise Bangladesh International Challenge 202 |url=https://www.apnnews.com/rithvik-sanjeevi-from-hatsun-badminton-centre-finishes-runner-up-in-yonex-sunrise-bangladesh-international-challenge-2021/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=APN News |language=en-US}}</ref> He has won the men's singles title at the [[2024 Odisha Masters]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Odisha Masters 2024: Rithvik wins men’s singles title, Tanvi suffers defeat in women’s final |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/odisha-masters-2024-badminton-finals-results-scores-rithvik-sanjeevi-tanvi-sharma/article68988751.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dutch Junior International: Indian shuttlers Ravi, Rithvik off to flying start |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/dutch-junior-international-indian-shuttlers-ravi-rithvik-off-to-flying-start/articleshow/74321857.cms |access-date=2024-12-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Achievements ==

=== BWF World Tour (1 title) ===
The BWF World Tour was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |last=Alleyne |first=Gayle |title=BWF Launches New Events Structure |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |date=19 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201164159/http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> It is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]]. The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sukumar |first=Dev |title=Action-Packed Season Ahead! |url=http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation |date=10 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113162925/http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |archive-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

''Men's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
! Ref
|-
| align="center" | [[2024 Odisha Masters#Finals|2024]]
| align="left" | [[Odisha Masters]]
| align="left" | Super 100
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tharun Mannepalli]]
| align="left" | 21–18, 21–16
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
| style="text-align:center; background:white" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-12-15 |title=Rithvik clinches maiden super 100 title at Odisha Masters, Tanvi signs off as runner-up |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/badminton/rithvik-clinches-maiden-super-100-title-at-odisha-masters-tanvi-signs-off-as-runner-up-3318600 |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== BWF International Challenge/Series (2 titles, 2 runners-up) ===
''Men's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2021
| align="left" | [[Bangladesh International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhishek Saini]]
| align="left" | 15–21, 18–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024
| align="left" | [[Sri Lanka International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kartikey Kumar]]
| align="left" | 17–21, 18–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024 (I)
| align="left" | [[India International Challenge|India International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tarun Reddy Katam]]
| align="left" | 21–11, 21–14
| style="text-align:left; background:white"| {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2025 (I)
| align="left" | India International
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rounak Chouhan]]
| align="left" | 14–21, 21–19, 21–19
| style="text-align:left; background:white"| {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
| 2025
| [[Times of India Sports Awards]]
| Badminton Player of the Year Male
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-18 |title= TOISA 2024: Badminton Aces Among the Nominees|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/toisa-2024-badminton-aces-among-the-nominees/articleshow/118272687.cms |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{sports links}}

{{Badminton in India|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sanjeevi, Rithvik}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian male badminton players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Bapulal Nayak

2025-12-31T07:59:21Z

PGPS: made new article with sources - done

{{Short description|Indian stage actor, director and manager (1879–1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bapulal Nayak
| image = Bapulal Nayak and Jaishankar Bhojak Sundari in a play Sneh-Sarita in 1915.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Bapulal Nayak (left) with [[Jaishankar Bhojak]] 'Sundari' in a play ''Sneh-Sarita'' in 1915. They acted in several successful plays together.
| birth_name = Narayan Bhabhaldas Nayak
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|03|25}}
| birth_place = Gerita, [[Mehsana]], [[Baroda State]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1947|12|04|1879|03|25}}
| death_place = Undhai near Mehsana, Baroda State, British India
| occupation = Stage actor, director, manager
| years_active = 1890–1946
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| father = Bhabhaldas
| mother = Narbhiben
}}

'''Bapulal Nayak''' (25 March 1879 – 4 December 1947) was an Indian stage actor, director and manager of the early [[Gujarati theatre]]. Born into a family of traditional folk theatre performers, he joined the theatre company [[Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali]] at a young age. His acting was well received in his initial roles. He was involved in stage planning and managing and later became a partner in the company. He rose to fame and acted in several successful plays with [[Jaishankar Bhojak|Jaishankar Bhojak 'Sundari']], who played female roles opposite him. He acted in plays written by Mulshankar Mulani, Gajendrashnakar Pandya and Nrisinh Vibhakar. He wrote and directed several plays and eventually bought the theatre company. After a career lasting five decades, he retired after his company suffered heavy loss with the advent of the cinema.

==Biography==
[[File:Bapulal Nayak and Jaishankar Bhojak Sundari in the play Kamlata, at Gaiety Theatre, Mumbai, 1904.jpg|thumb|Bapulal Nayak (left) and [[Jaishankar Bhojak]] 'Sundari' in the play ''Kamlata'', at Gaiety Theatre, Bombay, 1904|left]]
Nayak was born in Gerita near [[Mehsana]] on 25 March 1879 and was named Narayan by his parents Bhabhaldas Khemchand Nayak and Narbhiben.<ref name="Bhojak 1990">{{Cite book|title=ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ|last=Bhojak|first=Dinkar|publisher=Gujarati Vishwakosh Trust, Ahmedabad|year=1990|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|volume=X|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=95–96|trans-title=Gujarati Encyclopedia|language=gu|oclc=165832685}}</ref><ref name="Choksi 2004">{{Cite book|title=ગુજરાતી રંગભૂમિ: રિદ્ધિ અને રોનક (Gujarati Rangbhoomi: Riddhi Ane Ronak)|publisher=Gujarat Vishwakosh Trust|year=2004|editor-last=Choksi|editor-first=Mahesh|location=Ahmedabad|pages=38, 219–223|language=gu|trans-title=Compilation of Information regarding professional theatre of Gujarat|editor-last2=Somani|editor-first2=Dhirendra}}</ref><ref name="Nayak 1980">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbMLHQAACAAJ|title=Gujarati Rangbhumina Abhinay Shilpi Bapulal Nayak|last=Nayak|first=Suresh|date=January 1980|publisher=Suresh Nayak|oclc=7173414|edition=1st|pages=6, 8|language=gu}}</ref> He studied till the fifth standard in the Gujarati school in his native village Undhai.<ref name="Choksi 2004" /><ref name="Bhojak 1990" /> He was nicknamed Bapulal by his father.<ref name="Nayak 1980" /> In Februatry 1890, at the age of eleven, he quit the family tradition of performing [[Bhavai]] (folk theatre) and farming, and started his stage career with Dayashankar Visanji Bhatt's [[Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali]] for a salary of three rupees per month.<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /><ref name="Nayak 1980" /><ref name="Baradi2003">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eWwCxY7w-QC|title=History of Gujarati Theatre|last=Baradi|first=Hasmukh|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=2003|isbn=978-81-237-4032-4|series=India-The Land and The People|pages=60–63|translator-last=Meghani|translator-first=Vinod|author-link=Hasmukh Baradi}}</ref> He was given a role of Jayant, son of [[Indra]], in a play, ''Harishchandra'' (1890). He next appeared in ''Rajbeej'' (King's Progeny, 1891), a play written by [[Mulshankar Mulani]] specifically for him which premiered at the Geity Theatre in Bombay. It was successful.<ref name="Baradi2003" /><ref name="Baradi 2004" /><ref name="Nayak 1980" /> His performance as [[Mularaja]] in ''Mularaj Solanki'' (1895) was well received.<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /> In the next decade, he acted ''Ramcharitra'' (1989), Raman in ''Lakshadhipati-no Raman'', ''Jayraj'' (1898) and other plays, as well as becoming involved in stage planning and the management of a theatre company. In 1899, he and Mulani became partners in the company, each holding a 6% share of the Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali.<ref name="Baradi2003" /> He also acted in the acclaimed play, ''Ajabkumari'' (1899), opposite female impersonator actor [[Jaishankar Bhojak]] 'Sundari' who had recently joined their company. The pair soon rose to fame and acted together in several successful plays including ''[[Saubhagya Sundari]]'' (Fortunate Sundari, 1901),<ref name="Choksi 2004" /> ''Vikram Charitra'' (1901, directed by him), ''Dage Hasrat'' (1901), ''Jugal Jugari'' (Jugal the Gambler, 1903), ''Kamlata'' (1904), ''Sneh Sarita'' (1915), ''Madhubansari'' (1917).<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /><ref name="Baradi2003" /><ref name="Baradi 2004" /> Around the end of the 19th century, he was guided by Mulshankar and Dayashankar Visanji.<ref name="Baradi 2004" /> He learned direction from Sorabji Katrak.<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /> He trained many actors as well.<ref name="Baradi 2004">{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0431|title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre|last=Baradi|first=Hasmukh|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0195644468|editor-last=Lal|editor-first=Ananda|location=New Delhi|oclc=56986659|via=Oxford Reference}}</ref>

''Nand-Batrisi'' (1906) was a first play written by him which was well received. He also wrote ''Chandrabhaga'' (1909), a [[farce]] entitled ''Navalsha Hirji'' (1909), ''Anandlahari'' (1919) and ''Saubhagya-no Sinh'' (1925).<ref name="Baradi2003" /> When Mulani's three plays failed consequently, he chose to stage nationalistic plays written by Nrisinh Vibhakar. These plays experimented with story and theme but enactment stayed unchanged. During this period, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] had arrived in India from [[South Africa]] and the [[Indian independence movement]] was gathering steam.<ref name="Baradi2003" /><ref name="Baradi 2004" /> He acquired Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali in April 1922.<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /><ref name="Baradi2003" /><ref name="Baradi 2004" /><ref name="Choksi 2004" />

Bapulal Nayak started directing his plays and started adapting literature into plays.<ref name="Baradi 2004" /> He chose [[Ramanbhai Neelkanth]]'s play ''[[Raino Parvat]]'' written in 1911 and staged it in 1926. The songs of the play were written by [[Rasiklal Parikh]] and four shows of it were staged. Later he staged four plays written by Champshi Udeshi, four plays written by Gajendrashankar Pandya as well as many Parsi theatre styled plays. Gajendrashankar Pandya's play ''College Kanya'' was staged by Bapulal and it created controversy due to some of its dialogue about females; [[Narsinhrao Divetia]], [[Chandravadan Mehta]] and [[Hansa Jivraj Mehta]] led the public protests against the play.<ref name="Baradi2003" />

With the advent of the cinema, the theatre started to lose its audience. Bapulal was forced to sell his company in 1938 due to it suffering heavy losses. In 1944, he tried to revive his company with the help of a financier. He retired after staging his last play ''Ladakvayo'', written by Prafulla Desai, in 1946. He had acted in more than a hundred plays, directed forty seven plays and written six plays during his career.<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /><ref name="Baradi2003" /><ref name="Choksi 2004" /> He also wrote some poems.<ref name="Bhojak 1990" /> He died on 4 December 1947 in Undhai near Mehsana, [[Baroda State]].<ref name="Choksi 2004" />

==Reception==
P. K. Nayyar, a columnist of ''Sanjvartaman'' daily of Bombay, called him "one of the best actors in the world" in 1917.<ref name="Choksi 2004" /> [[Rasiklal Parikh]], [[Chandravadan Mehta]] and [[Pragji Dosa]] have praised the excellence of his directing.<ref name="Baradi2003" />

== Stage ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+
Acting career<ref name="Choksi 2004" />
!scope=col| Date
!scope=col| ''Title''
!scope=col| Role
!scope=col| Writer
!scope=col| Theatre company
|-
|10 August 1889
|''Shakuntal''
|Sarvadaman
|[[Mulshankar Mulani]]
|[[Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali]]
|-
|9 August 1890
|''Harishchandra''
|Jayant
|Vishwanath Prabhuram Vaidya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|22 January 1891
|''Rajbeej''
|Beej
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|27 February 1892
|''Kundabala''
|Chand
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|15 August 1892
|''Rasikmani''
|Mohan
|Narabheshankar Manchharam Vyas
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|2 December 1893
|''Sundar Veni''
|Sundarlal
| –
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|3 November 1894
|''Premkala''
|Premrai
|Vijayshankar Kalidas Bhatt
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|27 April 1895
|''Mevadno Pratapi Chand''
|Mokal
|Vijayshankar Kalidas Bhatt
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|19 October 1895
|''Mularaj Solanki''
|Mularaja
|Vijayshankar Kalidas Bhatt
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|5 September 1896
|''Karanghelo''
|Beejkhan
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|14 August 1897
|''Barrister''
|Shankar
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|8 January 1898
|''Ramcharitra''
|Ram
|Vijayshankar Kalidas Bhatt
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|23 April 1898
|''Pushpasen Pushpavati''
|Pushpasen
| –
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|27 August 1898
|''Jayraj''
|Jayraj
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|8 July 1899
|''Tilakkumar''
|Tilakkumar
|Vijayshankar Kalidas Bhatt
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|30 September 1899
|''Ajabkumari''
|Randhir
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|16 December 1899
|''Veer Mandal''
|Pratapsinh
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|14 February 1900
|''Mohini''
|Kalyandev
|Vijayshankar Kalidas Bhatt
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|7 July 1900
|''Vikramcharitra''
|Rajratan
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|19 October 1901
|''[[Saubhagya Sundari]]''
|Saubhagya
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|26 August 1902
|''Jugal Jugari''
|Jugal
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|18 October 1904
|''Kamlata''
|Meenketu
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1906
|''Nandbatrisi''
|Vilochan
|Bapulal Nayak
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1908
|''Sangatno Rang''
|Lalaji
| –
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|22 May 1909
|''Chandrabhaga''
|Ratansinh
|Bapulal Nayak
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|3 November 1909
|''Navalsha Heerji''
|Navalsha
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|17 December 1910
|''Vasantprabha''
|Vasantsen
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1911
|''Devkanya''
|Kishor
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1912
|''Krishnacharitra''
|Baldev
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|31 January 1914
|''Prataplakshmi''
|Pratap
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|28 February 1915
|''Sangatna Fal''
|Kant
|Mulshankar Mulani
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|19 September 1915
|''Sneh Sarita''
|Shenchandra
|Nrisinh Vibhakar
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|5 August 1916
|''Sudhachandra''
|Chandrakumar
|Nrisinh Vibhakar
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|28 July 1917
|''Madhubansari''
|Madhusudan
|Nrisinh Vibhakar
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|23 November 1918
|''Meghmalini''
|Meghdoot
|Nrisinh Vibhakar
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|23 August 1919
|''Anandlahari''
|Laharikant
|Bapulal Nayak
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|25 September 1920
|''Vishwaleela''
|Vishwadev
|Ambashankar Harishankar Upadhyay
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|25 April 1925
|''Saubhagyano Sinh''
|Mansinh
|Bapulal Nayak
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1926
|''Madandh Mahila Yane Noorjahan''
|Sher Afghan
|Jayshankar Vaghajibhai Vyas
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1926
|''Kumali Kali''
|Pranjeevan
|[[Shayda]]
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1927
|''Jamanano Rang''
|Dhanraj
|Gajendrashankar Lalshankar Pandya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1928
|''Tarunina Tarang''
|Padmakumar
|Gajendrashankar Lalshankar Pandya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1928
|''Kashmirnu Prabhat''
|Devakar
|Gajendrashankar Lalshankar Pandya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|21 February 1929
|''Kudaratno Nyay''
|Kantilal
|Gajendrashankar Lalshankar Pandya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|29 March 1929
|''Up-to-date Mavali''
|Sorabji
|Joseph David
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1929
|''Swamibhakti Yane Baji Deshpande ([[Hindi]])''
|Heeroji
|Munshi Mohiyuddin Naza
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|27 January 1929
|''Kimiyagar''
|Shripatrai
|'Manasvi' Prantijwala (rewritten)
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|9 January 1930
|''Kuldeepak''
|Shantilal
|Gajendrashankar Lalshankar Pandya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|January 1931
|''Kutil Rajneeti''
|[[Shivaji]]
|Gajendrashankar Lalshankar Pandya
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|23 January 1932
|''Karmasanjog''
|Dharmadas
|Mugatlal Pranjeevan Oza
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1932
|''Karyasiddhi (Hindi)''
|Duple
|'Manasvi' Prantijwala (adaptation)
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|9 September 1933
|''Kon Samrat?''
|Bhimdev
|'Manasvi' Prantijwala (rewritten)
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1934
|''Kirtivijay''
|Ratnapal
|'Manasvi' Prantijwala
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|13 September 1934
|''Jeenjarna Zankare''
|Ramsinh
|Champshi Udeshi
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|20 March 1935
|''Mumbaini Badi''
|Sukhlaji
|Joseph David
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|1 June 1935
|''Gheli Guniyal''
|Kanchanlal
|Champshi Udeshi
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|January 1936
|''Kiritkumar''
|Vijayvarma
|Manilal 'Pagal'
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|February 1936
|''Nepolian''
|Francis
|Manilal 'Pagal'
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|15 May 1937
|''Shataranjna Dav''
|Shripal
|Champshi Udeshi
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|7 August 1937
|''Gareebna Ansu''
|Varjabhushan
|Champshi Udeshi
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|19 November 1938
|''Sukhi Sansar''
|Bhanuprasad
|Champshi Udeshi
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|-
|11 March 1939
|''Kalankit Kon?''
|Bakshi Sheth
|Chimanlal Trivedi
|Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{commonscat}}
* {{cite book|last=Nayak|first=Suresh|title=Gujarati Rangbhumina Abhinay Shilpi Bapulal Nayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hbMLHQAACAAJ|year=1980|language=gu}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nayak, Bapulal}}
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male musical theatre actors]]
[[Category:Gujarati theatre]]
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Male actors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]

Rama University

2025-12-31T04:28:21Z

PGPS: quick added information per standard format additionally

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox university
|image =
|name = Rama University
|motto =
|established = 2014
|type = Private
|endowment =
|founder = Late. Dr. B.S Kushwah
|chancellor =
|vice_chancellor = Dr. Janardhana Amaranath B.J
|president = Mrs. Rama Kushwah
|city = [[Kanpur]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|country = India
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
|colours = [[Oxford Blue (colour)|Oxford Blue]] and [[Gold (color)|Gold]] {{color box|#002147}} {{color box|#FFD700}}
|publictransit =
|undergrad =
|postgrad =
|staff =
|website = {{Official website|https://www.ramauniversity.ac.in/|Rama University}}
|Affiliation =
|footnotes =
|coor =
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]], [[Dental Council of India|DCI]], [[Medical Council of India|MCI]], [[Indian Nursing Council|INC]], [[BAR Council of India|BCI]], [[Uttar Pradesh State Medical Faculty|UPSMF]]
}}
'''Rama University''' is located in [[Kanpur]] in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is a private university and part of the Rama Group.

A first-year [[BPharma|B. Pharma]] student died by suicide at Rama Medical College and Hospital in the [[Bithoor|Bithoor area]], Kanpur<ref>{{cite web |title=B Pharma Student Kills Self At Kanpur's Rama Medical College And Hospital |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!state/sitapur-b-pharma-student-killed-himself-kanpur-rama-medical-college-police-investigating-enn25021302199 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en |date=13 February 2025}}</ref>.

==Faculties==
Rama University comprises the following faculties:
{{Div col}}
* Faculty of Medical Sciences
* Faculty of Nursing
* Faculty of Dental Sciences
* Faculty of Health and Nutrition Sciences
* Faculty of Engineering and Technology
* Faculty of Commerce and Management
* Faculty of Professional Studies
* Faculty of Juridical Sciences (Law)
* Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries
* Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
* Faculty of Paramedical Sciences<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=33&Unitype=3 | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] | title=Private University Uttar Pradesh | accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/13-UPTU-colleges-seek-disaffiliation/articleshow/34991416.cms | title=13 UPTU colleges seek disaffiliation | work=The Times of India | date=12 May 2014 | accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/business/rama-university-on-awareness-tour-of-kashmir/218217.html | title=Rama University on awareness tour of Kashmir | publisher=Greater Kashmir | date=21 May 2016 | accessdate=19 July 2016}}</ref>
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.ramauniversity.ac.in/}}

{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2014]]
[[Category:Private universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hapur]]

{{UttarPradesh-university-stub}}

Har Bahu Ki Yahi Kahani Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani

2025-12-23T03:44:44Z

PGPS: Created data

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name = Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator = 3 Musketeers
| based_on = 
| developer =
| screenplay =
| story = {{ubl| Gazala Nargis|Sonal Ganatra|Bhavna Vyas}} '''Dialogues''' Anand
| director = Manish Singh
| creative_director = Menka Rani Chaudhary
| starring = {{ubl|[[Akshit Sukhija]]|Anushka Merchande}}
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme = "Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani"
| composer = Ved Sharma
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 130
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Nikil Sinha Kutti Padmini
| cinematography = Indraneel Singha
| editor = Satya Sharma Sumanth Sharma
| camera = Multi-Camera 
| runtime = 22-24 minutes
| company = Triangle Film Company
| network = [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|10|23|df=yes}}
| last_aired ={{End date|2024|03|21|df=yes}}
| related =
| end_theme =
}}
'''''Har Bahu Ki Yahi Kahani Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani''''' ({{translation |Every Daughter–In–Law Has The Same Story Mother–In–Law Did Not Understand My Importance}}) also Known as '''''Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani''''' is an Indian [[drama]] television series produced by Triangle Film Company and premiered on 23 October 2023 on [[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New promo of Dangal TV's new show 'Sasu Ji Tune Meri Kadar Na Jani' out now! |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-new-promo-of-dangal-tv-s-new-show-sasu-ji-tune-meri-kadar-na-jani-out-now-hot-news-1629905 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=ABP Live |date=15 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> It stars [[Akshit Sukhija]] and Anushka Merchande.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Akshit Sukhija CONFIRMS joining Anushka Merchande in a new show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-akshit-sukhija-confirms-joining-anushka-merchande-in-a-new-show-1243884 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=PINKVILLA |date=17 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Pallavi longs to read more, but her parents forbid it until after marriage. She hopes her future in-laws will be more modern and allow her to pursue her passions. Meanwhile, Babli Devi hopes for a daughter-in-law who will serve her like a maid. Only time will tell whose dreams will come true.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Akshit Sukhija]] as Arnav Shastri: Pallavi's husband;
*Anushka Merchande as Pallavi Arnav Shastri (née Pathak): Arnav's wife;

===Recurring===
*Salman Shaikh as Shiva: Suhasini's son<ref>{{Cite news |title=Salman Shaikh: I am thrilled to play my first lead role in Sasuji Tune Meri Kadar Na Jani, as it has come after a significant struggle |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/salman-sheikh-i-am-thrilled-to-play-my-first-lead-role-in-sasuji-tune-meri-kadar-na-jani-as-it-has-come-after-a-significant-struggle/articleshow/104108446.cms |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
*Sahil Singh Sambyal<ref>{{Cite news |title=Naagin fame Sahil Singh Sambyal joins Sasuji Tune Meri Kadar Na Jaani cast, says 'It's my debut in saas-bahu drama' – Exclusive |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/naagin-fame-sahil-singh-sambyal-joins-sasuji-tune-meri-kadar-na-jaani-cast-says-its-my-debut-in-saas-bahu-drama-exclusive/articleshow/103731507.cms |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-19 |title=Sahil Singh Sambyal: Shifting to Mumbai to be an actor wasn't easy, but I'm glad I did it |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sahil-singh-sambyal-shifting-to-mumbai-to-be-an-actor-wasnt-easy-but-im-glad-i-did-it/articleshow/104559297.cms |access-date=2023-12-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Pratham Madan Pathak: Pallavi and Pavitra's elder brother
*[[Jiten Lalwani]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-14 |title=Exclusive: Jiten Lalwani and Purva Parag bag Triangle Film Company's Dangal show Sasuji Tune Meri Kadar Na Jani |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-jiten-lalwani-and-purva-parag-bag-triangle-film-companys-dangal-show-sasuji-tune-meri-kadar-na-jani/2023/09/14 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref> as Shri Purshottam Shastri: Arnav's father; Babli Devi's husband
*Purva Parag as Kanchan Pathak : Pallavi and Pratham's mother
*[[Sucheta Khanna]] as Babli Devi Shastri : Arnav's step-mother
*Milan Singh as Jhilmil : Arnav's elder sister
*Hemakshi Ujjain as Godavari Pathak : Pallavi's stepmother
*Ipsitha Tanjea as Rimjhim Shastri : Arnav's younger sister
*Alka Singh as Priyanka Shastri : Arnav's sister-in-law
*Bobby Khanna as Madan Pathak : Pallavi, Pavitra and Pratham's father
*Darsh Agarwal as Bittu
*Gultesham Khan as Anand
*[[Seema Azmi]] as Suhasini : Shiva's Mother
*Ashutosh Tiwari as Shashwat
* Sneha Bhawsar as Pavitra Madan Pathak: Kanchan and Madan's daughter

==Production==
===Development===
The series was initially titled as '''''Sasuji Tune Meri Kadar Na Jaani'''''. But Later it was a changed to '''''Har Bahu Ki Yahi Kahani Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani'''''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=जानिए नए सीरियल 'सासुजी तूने मेरी कदर न जानी' की क्या है कहानी: Serial Update |url=https://grehlakshmi.com/hindi-entertainment/sasu-ji-tune-meri-kadar-na-jani-serial-update |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=grehlakshmi.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The Show Replaced ''[[Sindoor Ki Keemat 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Sindoor Ki Keemat 2: Serial soon going to go Off-Air, know the last date of the show!|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-sindoor-ki-keemat-2-serial-soon-going-to-go-off-air-know-the-last-date-of-the-show-hot-news-1636852 |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Release===
[[Akshit Sukhija]] and Anushka Merchande were signed as the lead.The first promo was released in October 2023 featuring [[Sucheta Khanna]] and Anushka Merchande.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Akshit Sukhija CONFIRMS joining Anushka Merchande in a new show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-akshit-sukhija-confirms-joining-anushka-merchande-in-a-new-show-1243884 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=PINKVILLA |date=17 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> It was replaced by the television series ''Deewani'' on March 19, 2024. The remaining episodes of this serial were aired at the 11:30 PM time slot.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2024-03-01 |title='Deewani' coming soon on Dangal TV, promo out now! |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/deewani-coming-soon-on-dangal-tv-promo-out-now-hot-news-1668758 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt30057009}}
*[https://www.dangalplay.com/shows/sasumaa-ne-meri-kadar-na-jaani ''Sasumaa Ne Meri Kadar Na Jaani''] on ''Dangal Play''

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Dangal TV original programming]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]

Bangaram Atoll

2025-12-22T04:06:53Z

PGPS:

{{Short description|Atoll in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India}}
{{Redirect|Bangaram|the 2006 film|Bangaram (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Bangaram Atoll
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India3
| map_caption = Location of Bangaram Atoll in [[Lakshadweep]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.95|N|72.29|E|region:IN-LD_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Arabian Sea]]
| island_type = [[Atoll]]
| archipelago = [[Lakshadweep]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| total_islands = 6
| major_islands = {{hlist|Bangaram|Thinnakara|Pirli 1|Pirli 2|Pirli 3|South Bangaram}}
| area_km2 = 1.234
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/lakshadweep/data%20sheet.pdf |title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census |publisher=Government of Lakshadweep |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722061135/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/lakshadweep/data%20sheet.pdf |archivedate=2016-07-22 }}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 1.22
| width_km = 0.7
| coastline_km = 3.9
| elevation_m = 1
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[States and union territories of India|Territory]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Union territory]] of [[Lakshadweep]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[List of districts in India#Lakshadweep (LD)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Lakshadweep]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Laccadive Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Kavaratti]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_4 = [[Subdivisions of India]]
| country_admin_divisions_4 = [[Agatti Island]]
| country_largest_city = Thinnakara
| country_largest_city_population = 30
| population = 40
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 = 32
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups = [[Malayali]], [[Mahl people|Mahls]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 68255x
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 04896
| website = {{URL|http://www.lakshadweep.gov.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-LD-06<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
}}
'''Bangaram''' is an [[atoll]] in the [[Union Territory]] of [[Lakshadweep]], [[India]].

==Geography==
The roughly rectangular atoll is 8.1 km in length with a maximum width of 4.2 km and with a [[lagoon]] area of {{convert|36|km2|abbr=on}}. It is located over {{convert|352|km|mi|abbr=on}} off [[Kannur]], {{convert|382|km|mi|abbr=on}} off [[Kozhikode]], {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} off [[Kochi]], and {{convert|525|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Kollam]] [[Kollam Port|Port]] in the [[Indian Ocean]].

Bangaram atoll is about {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of the island of [[Agatti]] and {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the southeast of [[Perumal Par]], in the western Lakshadweep [[archipelago]] at {{coord|10|56|N|72|17|E}}. Bangaram atoll is connected to the reef of Agatti through a shallow [[submarine ridge]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oceandots.com/indian/lakshadweep/bangaram.php |title=Bangaram - Oceandots |accessdate=2011-11-08 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223043232/http://www.oceandots.com/indian/lakshadweep/bangaram.php |archivedate=2010-12-23 }}</ref>

===Islands===
*'''Bangaram Island''', the largest island in the atoll, with a land surface of {{convert|0.623|km2|abbr=on}}, is located at {{coord|10.94|N|72.286|E}}. There is a long brackish pond in the center of the island fringed by [[screwpine]] and [[coconut palm]]s.
*'''South Bangaram Cay''', the smallest island in the atoll, with a land surface of {{convert|0.001|km2|abbr=on}} is located at {{coord|10.933|N|72.278|E}}. It is a small sand cay.
*'''Thinnakara''', another large island in the atoll, has a land surface of {{convert|0.522|km2|abbr=on}} . It is located {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} East-Northeast of Bangaram island, at the edge of the [[lagoon]] basin {{coord|10.945|N|72.315|E}}.
*'''Parali 1''', '''Parali 2''' and '''Parali 3''' are three small islets at the eastern fringe of the reef {{coord|10.955|N|72.33|E}}.<ref name="gpo-">{{cite web|url=http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/pollux/pollux.nss.nima.mil/NAV_PUBS/SD/pub173/173sec05.pdf|title=Pub 173. Sailing Directions (Enroute): India & The Bay of Bengal|publisher=National Imagery and Mapping Agency|year=2002|accessdate=2012-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/10pdfs/Kurup-Lakshadweep.pdf |title=Birds of Lakshadweep Islands |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=12 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112215302/http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/10pdfs/Kurup-Lakshadweep.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Islets have a total land surface of {{convert|0.089|km2|abbr=on}} '''Parali 1''' was washed away in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Science/QFLIaXhV8NswaWkdcdyisL/Uninhabited-Lakshadweep-island-Parali-I-vanishes-4-others-s.html|title=Uninhabited Lakshadweep island Parali I vanishes, 4 others shrinking fast: study|last=PTI|date=2017-09-06|website=Mint|language=en|access-date=2019-06-25}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Bangaram Island, the main island in the atoll, has a small population of 10. Bangaram Island Resort was located on the east coast of this island.<ref>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/lakshadweep/tourism/bangaram-island.html Bangaram Islands] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510124248/http://www.mapsofindia.com/lakshadweep/tourism/bangaram-island.html |date=2011-05-10 }}</ref>
Thinnakara, has a construction camp (~30) for the new resort being built on its west coast.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/in-school/news-bytes/lakshadweep-to-open-three-uninhabited-islands-for-tourists/article5851451.ece] resort]</ref>

==Administration==
The island belongs to the [[Subdivisions of India|township]] of [[Agatti Island]] of [[Kavaratti]] [[Tehsils of India|Tehsil]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lakshadweep.gov.in/Area-Population.PDF |title=Tehsils info |access-date=29 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163348/http://lakshadweep.gov.in/Area-Population.PDF |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Tourism==
The Bangaram Island Beach Resort opened to tourism in 1974, but the lack of commercial flights made access difficult. Tourism took off after the [[Agatti Aerodrome]] on the nearby Agatti island was commissioned and regular commercial flights from [[Kochi]] were established.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lakshadweeptourism.nic.in/ |title=Tourism in Lakshadweep |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219123906/http://lakshadweeptourism.nic.in/ |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The resort had 60 cottages. Current [[alcohol laws of India|alcohol regulations]] in Lakshadweep allow consumption of alcoholic drinks only on Bangaram Atoll.

The new Thinnakara is owned by locals from Agatti. It will offer numerous adventure activities, including [[scuba diving]], [[snorkelling]], deep sea fishing beside white sand beaches, a calm lagoon and a sparkling, clear coral reef.<ref name="lakshadweep-bangaram">{{cite web|url=http://lakshadweep.nic.in/KL_Isl_Bangaram.htmL|title=Bangaram Island|publisher=Union Territory of Lakshadweep|accessdate=2012-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202093936/http://lakshadweep.nic.in/KL_Isl_bangaram.html|archive-date=2 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
The Atoll is popular for its serene setting. Numerous species of tropical birds are found on the island.<ref name="ib-ornithological">{{cite journal|url=http://www.indianbirds.in/pdfs/An%20ornithological%20expedition.pdf |title=An ornithological expedition to the Lakshadweep archipelago: Assessment of threats to pelagic and other birds and recommendations |author=Satish Pande |journal=Indian Birds |volume=3 |issue=1 |date=Jan–Feb 2007 |accessdate=2012-05-07 |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617052832/http://www.indianbirds.in/pdfs/An%20ornithological%20expedition.pdf |archivedate=2013-06-17 }}</ref>

==Image gallery==
<gallery widths="180">
File:Lakshadweep.jpg|Satellite picture showing the atolls of the Lakshadweep except for [[Minicoy]]
File:Map of Lakshadweep-en.svg|Map
File:LakshadweepIsland.jpg|One of the islands of Bangaram Atoll
File:Sea off Bangaram island, Lakshadweep.jpg|View of the lagoon off Bangaram Island
File:Bangaram-mother with child.jpg|Bangaram resident mother with child
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Portal|Islands|India}}
{{reflist}}
{{commons category|Bangaram}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Lakshadweep}}
{{Lakshadweep}}

[[Category:Islands of Lakshadweep]]
[[Category:Atolls of India]]
[[Category:Underwater diving sites in India]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lakshadweep district]]
[[Category:Populated places in India]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]

Venkateshwara Temple, Allipur

2025-12-16T21:54:40Z

PGPS: Adding a location...

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Allipur, Jagtial, Telangana, IN}}
{{orphan|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Venkateshwara Temple, Allipur
| image = Sri_Venkateshwara_Swamy.jpg
| caption = Idol of Venkateshwara Swamy
| alt =
| map_type = India Telangana
| map_caption = Location in Telangana
| coordinates = {{Coord|18|51|18.8|N|78|52|14.51|E|scale:1600000}}
| other_names =
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| location = [[Allipur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Venkateshwara Swamy
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess =
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| address =
| architecture = Dravidian
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 2001
| website = {{URL|https://www.svtempleallipur.org/}}
| founded_by = Dr. Balay Ishweriah
| district = [[Raikal]]
}}

'''Sri Venkateshwara Swamy Temple''' is located at the village of Allipur, Raikal mandal in [[Jagtial district]] of Telangana, India. The temple is dedicated to promoting the [[Hindu Religion|Hindu religion]] and serving the community of Allipur and surrounding villages in the region.

[[File:Venkateshwara Temple at Allipur.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Venkateshwara Temple at Allipur]]
[[File:Sarced rock at Venkateshwara Temple Allipur.jpg|thumb|Sacred rock worshipped at Venkateshwara temple, Allipur]]

== History of the temple and region ==
The history of the temple and the region was well captured in a letter written by Jaisetty Ramanaiah,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dr. Jaisetty |first=Ramanaiah |title=History of Temple |url=https://www.svtempleallipur.org/history-of-temple |website=Sri Venkateshwara Swamy Temple, Allipur}}</ref> an eminent historian from this region who had also published books on the architecture and temples<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramanaiah |first=Jaisetty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztjVAAAAMAAJ |title=Temples of South India: A Study of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist Monuments of the Deccan |date=1989 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-223-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramanaiah |first=Jaisetty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W88cAAAAMAAJ |title=The Chalukya and the Kakatiya Temples: A Study |date=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan |isbn=978-81-217-0058-0 |language=en}}</ref> of the region. Below historical details are observations in the letter.

=== Legend ===
The local legend is that [[Rama|Lord Sri Rama]] had a sojourn here when he was passing through [[Dandakaranya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title=Dandakaranya {{!}} Forest, India, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Dandakaranya |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> in [[Treta Yuga|Threthayuga]]. The presence of nearby village named Ayodhya, has been considered as a testimonial for it<ref name=":0" />

=== Medieval history ===
Allipur and its vicinity has historical significance for the past thousand years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History, Art and Architecture of the Temples- Karimnagar District, Telangana {{!}} Exotic India Art |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/history-art-and-architecture-of-temples-karimnagar-district-telangana-aze651/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jagitial District History |url=https://www.telangana360.com/2024/01/jagitial-history.html |website=www.telangana360.com|date=15 January 2024 }}</ref> A [[Chalukyan]] Trikuta Temple<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kesavanatha Swamy Temple in Raikal, Karimnagar {{!}} GreaterKarimnagar.com |url=https://www.greaterkarimnagar.com/en/kesavanatha-swamy-temple-raikal-karimnagar |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.greaterkarimnagar.com}}</ref> at [[Raikal]], built during the 11th century is located only 10 km from Allipur. The [[Dubba Rajeswara Temple|Dubba Rajeshwara Swamy temple]] at Konapur is located 6 km to the east and very near to it is Pulastheswara temple at Polasa,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polasa- Jagtial District |url=https://www.bhimalapuram.co.in/kshetramulu/jagtial/polasa.html |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.bhimalapuram.co.in}}</ref> where an inscription on a stone pillar was perched by King Medha Raja the first in1108 AD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polavasa chiefs |url=https://www.telangana360.com/2014/02/polavasa-chiefs.html |website=telangana360.com|date=20 February 2014 }}</ref> The worship of Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu was prevalent in the region including at Allipur.

A deity of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava cult]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vaishnavism {{!}} Hinduism's Most Popular Sect {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vaishnavism |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.britannica.com |date=8 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref> was noticed on a big rock lying on a mound in a field adjacent to the cart-track leading from Allipur to [[Jagtial]]. A large number of people including the local villagers have been worshipping this [[Vishnu]] deity performing several rituals. The [[sthala purana]] states that the sacred rock with the deity was surrounded by a forest and that the saints and sages worshipped this deity;<ref name=":0" /> their [[Puranic chronology|puranic]] stories are still revealed by the local villagers. The present day temple was built to provide shelter to this sacred shrine.

=== Consecration ===
The [[Prana pratishtha|Prana Prathista]] of the temple was held on May 14, 2001. The [[vigraham]]s of [[Venkateswara|Venkateshwa Swamy]], [[Padmavathi|Padmavati]] and Andal were acquired from [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams]] (TTD). The stone idol of main deity is over 4 ft tall.

A decade later (in 2012), two more shrines were added to the premises, dedicated to [[Ganesha|Laxmi Ganapati]] and [[Hanuman|Abaya Anjaneya Swamy]]. [[File:Sri Padmavati.jpg|thumb|Idol of Padmavati]]
[[File:Andal Idol at Allipur.jpg|thumb|Idol of Andal]]

== See also ==

* [[Temples of Telangana|Temple of Telangana]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Venkateswara temples]]

Aasman Se Aage

2025-12-13T20:56:01Z

PGPS: added references

{{Short description|2012 Indian TV series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Aasman Se Aage.jpg
| caption = ''The Reality behind Reality Shows''.
| writer = Sumit Roy, Preeti Mamgain and Vikas Chandra
| director = Glen Barretto, Ankush Mohla
Arif Shamsi
Arif Ali Ansari
| runtime = Approx. 24 minutes
| company = Sagar Arts & 72 Degree Northe
| cinematography = Deepak Malwankar & Sanjay Malwankar
| starring = [[Ojaswi Oberoi]] [[Apurva Agnihotri]] [[Siddhant Karnick]] [[Aham Sharma]] [[Monica Khanna]] [[Pooja Singh]] [[Mauli Ganguly]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| network = [[Life OK]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2012|4|23|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2012|7|13|df=y}}
| num_episodes = 63
}}

'''''Aasman Se Aage''''' (English: ''Beyond the Sky'') is an Indian [[Hindi]] language television drama that first aired on [[Life OK]].<ref name="indianexpress" /> It premiered on 23 April 2012 and was telecast from Monday to Friday evenings through 13 July 2012.

The show tells the story of Meenakshi, a talented but poor slum girl who gets the opportunity of a lifetime to be on a dance reality show on television called ''Aasman Se Aage'' (Beyond The Skies).

The show was both a drama about dancing as well as a critical examination of reality shows, laying bare behind-the-scene exploitation and manipulations of the medium. It was promoted with the tagline 'the reality behind reality shows."

==Plot summary==
Talented dancer Meenakshi hails from a poor [[slum]] in [[Mumbai]].<ref name=":0" /> She gets the chance to take part in a TV Dance Reality Show ''Aasman Se Aage'' when the charismatic and unscrupulous producer of the show, DC, sees in her an opportunity get higher TRPs (TV Ratings) by exploiting her poverty.

Initially her mother, Malti, is opposed to the idea but gives in to Meenakshi's pleas. From here the show starts following the journey of Meenakshi and some other participants - Karishma (a cut-throat competitor who is ready to do anything to win), the brothers Angad (who is good-natured and extremely supportive of his brother) and Akshat (who always needs to win at any cost, but suffers from performance anxiety), and Sameer (a young desperate school kid whose parents want him to become a doctor rather than a dancer).

Meenakshi gets through the auditions and is invited to live in the ASA Academy, wired with cameras. As soon as Meenakshi enters the academy, DC cleverly leaks a video which suggests that he has a sexual relationship with her. This makes the other participants resent Meenakshi. Karishma leads a hazing campaign against Meenakshi where she is mercilessly taunted for being a ''naukrani''<nowiki/>'s (maid's) daughter.

Meenakshi's choreographer, Alan, inspires her to give her best and dance for the sake of expressing herself and not for the contest. However, when Karishma connives with Akshat to steal a song on which Meenakshi is supposed to perform, Meenakshi breaks down and runs back home.

DC manipulates Alan, making him believe Meenakshi likes him romantically, and sends him to convince her to return. Meenakshi agrees and returns with renewed strength.

Soon after, DC announces the final shortlist of 12 candidates. Sameer, Meenakshi's closest confidante, is thrown out of the show. Wanting a love story on the show, DC throws the constantly fighting duo of Akshat and Meenakshi together. Sameer is turned away from his house by his father and feels dejected. He is mugged and tries to commit suicide but is saved by Akshat and Meenakshi. This leads to Akshat and Meenakshi becoming friends. On the final day, they perform together but lose.

==Cast==
* [[Ojaswi Oberoi]] as Meenakshi Kumar<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2012-06-16 |title=Ojaswi Oberoi of Aasman Se speaks up for the 1st time! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ojaswi-oberoi-of-aasman-se-speaks-up-for-the-1st-time/articleshow/14179293.cms |access-date=2024-10-28 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Apurva Agnihotri]] as Dev Chopra / DC, producer of the show<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Being-shy-worked-against-me-Apurva-Agnihotri/articleshow/18349042.cms|title=Being shy worked against me: Apurva Agnihotri - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-25|last1=Sinha |first1=Seema }}</ref>
* [[Siddhant Karnick]] as Akshat, a contestant on the show who is later partnered with Meenakshi
*[[Aham Sharma]] as Angad, Akshat's brother, a contestant on the show
* [[Monica Khanna]] as Karishma, a competitive contestant on the show
* [[Kushal Punjabi]] as Alan, Meenakshi's supportive choreographer on the show
* [[Mauli Ganguly]] as Roshni
* [[Rajesh Khera]] as Sanam
* [[Manini De]] as Mahua
* [[Malini Sengupta]] as Malti, Meenakshi's mother
* [[Pooja Singh]] as Poonam, Meenakshi's sister<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pooja-Singh-Shah-Rukh-Khan-Bigg-Boss-Kasautii-Zindagii-Kay-Kahaani-Ghar-Ghar-Ki/articleshow/22361423.cms|title=I would definitely do 'Bigg Boss': Pooja Singh - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-25|last1=Tandon |first1=Saloni }}</ref>
* [[Sheela Sharma]] as Vinita
* [[Mansi Sharma]] as Sandhya
* [[Pulkit Sandhu]] as Bobby
* [[Vrushika Mehta]] as Vrushika
* [[Akash Shetty]] as Akash

== Reception and Cancellation ==
On 11 June 2012, it was confirmed that Life OK was going to change the program line-up, and on doing this they decided to end ''Aasman Se Aage'' due to it getting low ratings. The decision led to protests from fans of the show and the channel was criticized for cancelling the show within 2 months of its airing, leading to speculation that the decision may have been politically motivated.<ref name="startv">{{cite web|url=http://www.startv.in/show/aasman-se-aage/419|title=Aasman Se Aage|publisher=startv.in|accessdate=20 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="bollywood">{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/aasman-se-aage-to-go-off-air/|title='Aasman Se Aage' to go off air|date=11 June 2012|publisher=bollywoodlife.com|accessdate=20 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="desi">{{cite web|url=http://www.desi-tashan.com/aasmaan-se-aage-13th-july-2012-written-episode/|title=Aasmaan Se Aage|publisher=desi-tashan.com|accessdate=20 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903104313/http://www.desi-tashan.com/aasmaan-se-aage-13th-july-2012-written-episode/|archive-date=3 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/aasman-se-aage/947680/|title=Aasman Se Aage|date=11 May 2012|publisher=The Indian Express|accessdate=20 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="hindustan">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/it-s-goodbye-for-aasman-se-aage/article1-870529.aspx|title=It's goodbye for Aasman Se Aage|publisher=Hindustan Times|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926025648/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/it-s-goodbye-for-aasman-se-aage/article1-870529.aspx|archivedate=26 September 2014|url-status=dead|accessdate=20 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="india">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/topic/Aasman-Se-Aage.html|title=Aasman Se Aage|publisher=india.com|accessdate=20 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303054831/http://www.india.com/topic/Aasman-Se-Aage.html|archive-date=3 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=3729248}}

{{Life OK Programmes}}

[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian dance television shows]]
[[Category:2012 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2012 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Life OK original programming]]
[[Category:Television series about television]]

Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party

2025-11-12T02:15:36Z

PGPS: quick enhance information to improve readability and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[BJP Organisational Structure]]

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Scottish Cemetery at Calcutta

2025-11-10T21:36:49Z

PGPS: Adding a article...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{insufficient in-text citations|date=January 2021}}
{{infobox cemetery
| name = Scottish Cemetery
| image = Scottish Cemetery in Kolkata 02.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Main entrance of the Scottish Cemetery
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| established = {{start date and age|1820}}
| country = [[India]]
| location = Karaya Road, Mullick Bazar, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] 700017
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5448|88.3626|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| latitude =
| longitude =
| type = Private ''(closed)''
| style =
| owner = St. Andrew's Church, Kolkata
| size = {{convert|3|acre|ha}}
| graves = 1,809<ref name="PA">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5gITJn9wyPtqvNPQM6nDu4B24Ym4g?docId=N0608941321104680011A|title='Progress' on restoring graveyard|publisher=Press Association|accessdate=13 November 2011}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| interments = 4,000
| cremations =
| leases =
| website = {{URL|http://readinggamesplayingbooks.com/scots/}}
| political =
}}
'''The Scottish Cemetery at Calcutta''' was established in 1820 catering to the specific needs of the large Scottish population in the [[Kolkata]] area. These Scots, including soldiers, missionaries, [[jute]] traders and businessmen, were attached to numerous enterprises in the area such as the headquarters of the [[East India Company]], and the administration of the [[British India]], whose capital was here. The cemetery was utilised until the 1940s but was abandoned in the 1950s and neglected following India's independence. Well over 90% of those buried bear recognisably Scots names such as Anderson, McGregor, Campbell and Ross. Around 10% are [[Bengali people|Bengali]].<ref name="PA" />
[[File:SC view from roof.jpg|thumb]]

==Description==

Extending to {{convert|3|acre|m2}} the cemetery lies within the dense urban area on Karaya Bazar Road. It is roughly square in plan and is laid out largely in a grid pattern, but with more random tombs closest to the road, in the oldest, south-west section. It contains over 1809 burial plots, with at least 2000 burials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/output/2008/11/07/newsstory12209286t0.asp|title=Home - The Courier|accessdate=25 January 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921061048/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/output/2008/11/07/newsstory12209286t0.asp|archivedate=21 September 2009}}</ref> The entrance, which bears the title "Scottish Cemetery" over an archway is flanked by a gatehouse. The entire cemetery is enclosed by a high wall.

Stones are generally of Scottish sandstone or granite. Since they bear inscriptions of their makers or sculptors, it is possible to assess that almost all have been made in Scotland and transported here for use. Apart from the indigenous Indian plant life, and buildings beyond the perimeter, the cemetery has a strong Scots character. Almost all original lead (used in lettering) and cast iron, was systematically removed in the second half of the 20th century.
[[File:Lichen on sandstone.jpg|thumb]]

==Restoration==

The Scottish Cemetery contains 1,809 headstones and monuments and around 4,000 burials. Although its use continued after Indian Independence (1947) it fell into disrepair in the 1970s. In 2008 the Kolkata Scottish Heritage Trust (KSHT), Scotland, was established to restore the cemetery. The project is run by a board of trustees operating as a registered [[Scottish charity]] via a [[Memorandum of Understanding]] with the site owner, St. Andrew’s Church. KSHT raises funds from private donors, charitable trusts and foundations.
[[File:KSHT Logo.jpg|thumb]]

Conservation of the Scottish Cemetery aims to improve the environment, built landscape, and the quality of lives of the people connected with it, through optimum use of local and sustainable resources, maintaining an ecological balance, and preserving history and cultural values. The development processes take into account the current needs of the times without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. The project has at its core the interests of history, ecology, and people.
[[File:Restored tomb.jpg|thumb]]

The Scottish Cemetery is an important repository of memory containing thousands of detailed burial records. This data is providing a rich source for research into the growth and world-wide impact of the Scottish diaspora in the nineteenth century. Its urban parkland setting offers the dense city not only a much needed ‘green lung’ but also encourages tourism especially related to genealogy. Since the cemetery is surrounded by a neglected urban precinct populated by under-privileged families, the project runs a community development program for the neighbourhood.
[[File:Visit of Marion Geddes.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Lime workshop.jpg|thumb]]

Kolkata lies along the river Hooghly in the eastern Gangetic delta, and supports a segment of Bengal’s diverse ecology. It is categorized by heavy rainfall in a humid, tropical climate and a variety of regional flora & fauna that include remaining sections of monsoon-type forests (or moist, deciduous forests). The city’s landform contains pockets of rainwater collected within dense, clayey soils; old growth trees, bamboo forests, palm plantations and wetland ecosystems together create the designed and natural landscape. Although these landforms are disappearing as a result of development pressures, several important ecological sites – such as the Scottish Cemetery – survive as protected spaces within the urban environment.

Following the cemetery’s disuse in the 1970s the site reverted to a natural state. The city grew and continued to develop around it, but the 3-acre site remained untouched and became a habitat for several indigenous endemic and threatened species which together form a rich biodiversity of microbes, plants and animals along with preserved sections of semi-aquatic grassland and forested ecosystems. In parallel with the conservation of historic monuments, the cemetery’s natural heritage is being preserved as a priority of the landscape plan, as urban parkland and as a biodiversity conservation park. This will provide several conservation benefits such as reduced air and noise pollution, replenishing of groundwater, and the conservation of soil, flora and fauna that will promote mitigation of [[climate change]].

==Graves of note==

* Dr. James Meik, Esq. Senior member of the Medical Board of Bengal. Surgeon in H. M. Army in Calcutta, East India Company on the Bengal, India Establishment. Birth: Jan 10 1758. Death: Apr 25 1837

* [[Thomas Jones (missionary)|Thomas Jones]] 1810-1849, a Welsh missionary
* The director of the Calcutta Zoological Gardens

* Numerous officers of the [[East India Company]].

* James Wheatley, a police constable "murdered in the execution of his duty"<ref>Stone inscription</ref> in 1844

* Rev. John Adam, "late missionary to the heathen".

* [[John Reddie]] [[FRSE]] (1805-1851) judge

Towns of origin mentioned on the various stones include [[Paisley, Renfrewshire|Paisley]], [[Broughty Ferry]], [[Sutherland]]shire, [[Fife]], [[Campbeltown]], and many from [[Dundee]] (the latter largely linked to the [[jute]] industry).

==Scottish archive material==

A photographic album held in the [[Dundee]] archives holds photographs of 25 individual graves, taken in the mid 20th century. These 25 were re-recorded in 2008, giving evidence of the intervening decay.<ref>KHST records</ref>

Recently, Presidency University has created a digital archive of the graves in the cemetery from its foundation to the beginning of the Raj (1858) and this can be accessed at http://scotscemeteryarchivekolkata.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204161751/http://scotscemeteryarchivekolkata.com/ |date=4 February 2020 }},

==Sources==

* Kolkata Scottish Heritage Trust, Scotland (https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/SC344642/officers)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
7. James Wilson https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/remembering-james-wilson-founder-of-the-economist-and-standard-chartered-bank/articleshow/4885353.cms

==External links==
* https://standrewschurchkolkata.in/scottish_cemetry.php
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-15705979 Scottish images archive for school in Calcutta], BBC News Scotland, 12 November 2011
* https://www.google.com/maps/place/Scottish+Cemetery/@22.545053,88.3621134,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x2e9800c2e1b78824!8m2!3d22.545053!4d88.3621134
* http://readinggamesplayingbooks.com/scots/
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190559/https://epaper.telegraphindia.com/imageview_335483_151524731_4_undefined_28-06-2020_9_i_1_sf.html ]
* https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/at-200-resting-place-for-the-dead-to-become-a-park-for-the-living/articleshow/73451962.cms
* [https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/earth-accept-an-honoured-guest/cid/1315134 ]
* [https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/scottish-cemetery-tapestry-on-world-tour/cid/1289290#.U1ZKHVWSwqN ]
* https://mailchi.mp/rsaa/rsaa-roundup-28-april-2020?e=0fabef879d
* https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/charles-bruce-scottish-charity-turns-cemetery-conservation-feeding-its-neighbours-2546373
* https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/experiential-tourism-i-dont-let-them-take-photos-its-memory-2542808
* https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/calcutta-cemetery-where-more-3000-scots-lie-612126
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y26Kt-6I42w&feature=youtu.be
* http://www.commonwealthheritage.org/article_cemeteries.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129023442/http://www.commonwealthheritage.org/article_cemeteries.html |date=29 January 2021 }}

{{Cemeteries in India}}

[[Category:19th century in Kolkata]]
[[Category:1820s establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Cemeteries in India]]
[[Category:Protestant Reformed cemeteries]]
[[Category:Presbyterian cemeteries]]
[[Category:1820 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1820 in Scotland]]
[[Category:Scotland and the British Empire]]
[[Category:Scottish diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:British colonial architecture in India]]

Pyar Ka Pehla Adhyaya: Shiv Shakti

2025-11-10T20:03:35Z

PGPS:

{{short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{Notability|date=July 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Zee TV Shiv Shakti.jpeg
| caption =
| native_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] [[Fiction]]
| creator = [[Prateek Sharma]]
| based_on =
| director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Arjun Bijlani]]|[[Nikki Sharma]]}}
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 406
| list_episodes =
| creative_director = [[Avhiroop Mazzumdar]]
| composer = Paresh Shah
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Prateek Sharma]]
| runtime = 20-24 minutes
| camera = Multi-camera
| company = Studio LSD Private Limited
| network = [[Zee TV]] [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|07|03}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2024|08|18}}
}}

'''''Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya: Shiv Shakti''''' ({{Translation}} The First Chapter of Love: Shiv Shakti) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language romantic drama television series that premiered on 3 July 2023 on [[Zee TV]] and digitally streams on [[ZEE5]]. Produced by [[Prateek Sharma]] under Studio LSD Private Limited, it is a spin-off of ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]'' which too went off-air days after it getting off-aired. The series stars [[Arjun Bijlani]] and [[Nikki Sharma]] as Shiv and Shakti respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2023-06-07 |title=Arjun Bijlani To Star In Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti, Visits Siddhivinayak Temple |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/arjun-bijlani-to-star-in-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti-visits-siddhivinayak-temple-before-starting-the-shoot-1607591 |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaked: Arjun Bijlani's First Look From 'Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti' Is Out |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/leaked-arjun-bijlanis-first-look-from-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti-is-out-2616149.html |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> After running for more than a year the series concluded on 18 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti's Arjun Bijlani pens goodbye note as show goes off air: 'Another long journey comes to an end'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shaktis-arjun-bijlani-pens-goodbye-note-as-show-goes-off-air-another-long-journey-comes-to-an-end-1340423|access-date=2024-08-19|website=Pinkvilla|date=19 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Shakti Sharma is a kind woman who aspires to be a doctor. After losing her parents, she lives with her uncle, aunt and cousin in [[Varanasi]]. Shiv Kashyap is a doctor, who has a hurting past and is unable to heal. The series follows Shiv and Shakti's story, how they cross path and how Shakti becomes Shiv's strength.

Shiv and Shakti becomes friends after frequently meeting each other. Shiv has a tragic past which causes his hand to shiver while doing any operation. Shakti wants to become a doctor and Shiv helps him get admitted to the college which belonged to his grandfather Ramprasad Kashyap. Mandira, Shiv's evil aunt plots against Shiv and Shakti as because of their friendship her plans of destroying Shiv and Shakti's career backfires. Shiv and Shakti falls for each other while saving Rimjhim from a fraud guy. Shiv and Shakti and Keertan and Rimjhim finally marry. Mandira brings out Shiv's past in front of Shakti and creates misunderstandings between them.

Initially, Shakti was angry because Shiv has hidden the truth. Shiv loses his control and wreaks havoc. But lately Shakti realises Mandira's conspiracy and tries to win Shiv back. Actually Shiv was first married to Gauri but was killed by Mandira after her real intentions revealed in front of her. But she made it look like it happened because of Gayatri (Shiv's mother) and made Shiv felt guilty. They had a son Kartik whom they sent to hostel. In present Shakti tries to win over Kartik and then Shiv. She continues her studies and also bonds with Kartik slowly tries to win over Shiv's heart. Shakti faces various challenges led by Mandira. She gives fake medicine to Shiv in order to keep him unwell and loose his control over his anger in front of Shakti. But Shakti controls him and later takes the responsibility of Shiv's medicine.

Keertan tortures Rimjhim. Love blossoms between Koyal and Dharam. Shiv realises that he misunderstood Shakti and decides to confess her. He came to take blessings from Gayatri but she is murdered by Mandira. Shiv was framed for the murder. Shiv pretends to be mentally unstable. Shakti tries to save him from the Police. Soon, Shiv and Shakti team up against Mandira and Mandira was soon exposed by them in front of the family. Mandira is finally imprisoned for her crimes.

Shiv, Shakti and Kartik are living happily with each other. With a supernatural turn Bhagwati learns from Ramkishore about an auspicious day when Moon and Sun would be seen together. Bhagwati fears about a secret which she hid from everyone. ''25 years ago'' Shiv was a child and visited a village called Shivpur, where at the same day he saw a Naag and Naagin consummating he mistakenly kills a Naag Kundan (Mohini's lover) mistakenly who wanted to kill him. Mohini Kills Shiv in revenge. Bhagwati runs away with a dead Shiv and took help from a tantrik Baba. He revives Shiv by killing Kundan. Baba captives Mohini inside the earth putting a [[Trishula]]. It is estimated that if Shiv or any of Shiv's successor carrying Shiv's bloodline ever comes to Shivpur and takes off the [[Trishula]] then Mohini's curse will end and she will be freed. In present Shiv with Shakti and Kartik reaches Shivpur. Kartik picks off the [[Trishula]] and Mohini is freed. Disguising as a villager Mohini takes lift from Shiv and reaches Shiv's home. On the other hand, Koyal marries Dharam. Koyal faces difficulties in adjusting with the Sharma's.

Mohini kills Bhagwati, who had learned her real identity. Shakti suspects Mohini. She creates illusions and tries to prove Shakti mentally unstable.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Arjun Bijlani]] as Dr. Shiv Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Nikki Sharma as Shakti Sharma Kashyap: (2023–2024)

=== Recurring ===
* Dolly Chawla as Mohini Singh: (2024)
* [[Nimisha Vakharia]] as Manorama Sharma: (2023–2024)
* Phool Singh as Brijkishore Sharma: (2023–2024)
* Chinmay Patwardhan as Ravi Singh (2023–2024)
* Megha Singh as Janvi Sharma (2023–2024)
* [[Parineeta Borthakur]] as Mandira Kashyap (''formerly'' Gargi Rameshwar Sharma): (2023–2024)
* Sanjay Swaraj as Raghunath Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Seema Pandey as Gayatri Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Ashman Kumar as Ayush Singh (2023–2024)
* Sandeep Sachdev as Kamalnath Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* [[Gaurav Wadhwa]] as Dr. Keertan Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Aditi Patwa as Koyal Kashyap Sharma: (2023–2024)
* Jhuma Mitra as Padma Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Vrushab Khadtale as Nandu Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Meenakshi Verma as Bhagwati Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Aan Tiwari as Kartik Kashyap: (2024)
* Prince Dhiman as Dharam Sharma: (2023–2024)
* Reva Kaurase as Rimjhim Sharma Kashyap: (2023–2024)
* Darsh Mody as Ranjan Mishra:(2023)
* [[Ssumier Pasricha]] as Purnendu (2023–2024)
* [[Ravi Bhatia]] as Naag: Mohini's brother (2024)

=== Guest appearances ===
* Niharika Roy as Radha Sharma Trivedi: (2023)
* [[Shabir Ahluwalia]] as Mohan Trivedi: (2023)

==Production==
===Development===
The series was announced by Studio LSD Private Limited. The show showcases a modern-day interpretation of the Shiv-Shakti dynamic.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya' - A modern take on the legend of Shiv and Shakti |work=Outlook India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-a-modern-take-on-the-legend-of-shiv-and-shakti-news-292612/amp |access-date=14 June 2023}}</ref>

===Casting===
[[Arjun Bijlani]] was cast as the male lead Shiv, who is a doctor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arjun Bijlani reveals what made him agree to sign Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti; says, "I had to say yes because…" |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/arjun-bijlani-reveals-what-made-him-agree-to-sign-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti-says-i-had-to-say-yes-because/articleshow/100801572.cms |access-date=6 June 2023}}</ref> Nikki Sharma was cast as the female lead Shakti, who is an aspiring doctor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nikki Sharma on portraying the role of Shakti in Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti; read |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nikki-sharma-on-portraying-the-role-of-shakti-in-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti-read/articleshow/100852704.cms |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref> [[Nimisha Vakharia]] was cast as Shakti's aunt while, [[Gaurav Wadhwa]] cast to play Shiv's brother.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nimisha Vakharaia and Gaurav Wadhwa join Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nimisha-vakharaia-and-gaurav-wadhwa-join-the-spin-off-of-pyar-ka-pehla-naam-radha-mohan/articleshow/100447626.cms |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> [[Parineeta Borthakur]] was cast to play Shiv's aunt Mandira, the negative lead.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parineeta Borthakur play the negative lead in Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya: Shiv Shakti|work=The Tribune India |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/parineeta-borthakur-gaurav-wadhwa-roped-in-for-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti-518735 |access-date=15 June 2023}}</ref>

===Filming===
The series is set in [[Varanasi]]. It is mainly shot in Varanasi and at [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=I am so happy shooting here in Varanasi, I even attended Ganga aarti, says Nikki Sharma of Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyaya Shiv Shakti |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-am-so-happy-shooting-here-in-varanasi-i-even-attended-ganga-aarti-says-nikki-sharma-who-will-soon-be-seen-in-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyaya-shiv-shakti/articleshow/100682075.cms |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref> [[Shabir Ahluwalia]] and Niharika Roy of ''[[Pyar Ka Pehla Naam: Radha Mohan]]'', also shot for the series in Varanasi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arjun Bijlani starts shooting for Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyay Shiv Shakti on Ganga Dushera, calls it his 'lucky day' |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/arjun-bijlani-starts-shooting-for-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyay-shiv-shakti-on-ganga-dushera-calls-it-his-lucky-day-2387061-2023-05-31 |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shabir Ahluwalia and Niharika Roy in Varanasi for the shooting of Pyaar Ka Pehla Adhyay Shiv Shakti |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/news/shabir-ahluwalia-and-niharika-roy-in-varanasi-for-the-shooting-of-pyaar-ka-pehla-adhyay-shiv-shakti-1606702 |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=ABP Live |date=3 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|27988910}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television spinoffs]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]

Via.com

2025-10-22T00:09:03Z

PGPS: Adding data...

{{Short description|Indian travel company}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Web|date=December 2014}}
{{Tone|date=August 2017}}
}}

{{EngvarB|date=May 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Via.com
| logo = Via.com Logo.jpg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = Travel
| area_served =
| products = Booking flights, hotels, holidays, buses, trains and cars
| services = Travel booking<ref name="qrs">{{cite news |title=VIA partners with TravelDaily to present the 2009 China Travel Distribution Summit – 环球旅讯(TravelDaily) |url=http://www.traveldaily.cn/article/35956 |date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153610/http://www.traveldaily.cn/article/35956 |archive-date=7 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{up}} {{INRconvert|209|c|mode=historical|year=2019}}}} (FY19)<ref name="Financials"/>
| operating_income = {{nowrap|{{up}} {{INRconvert|30|c|mode=historical|year=2019}}}} (FY19)<ref name="Financials"/>
| net_income = {{nowrap|{{up}} {{INRconvert|16|c|mode=historical|year=2019}}}} (FY19)<ref name="Financials">{{cite web |title=Ebix Travels Private Limited |url=https://www.crediwatch.com/party/5561524a6d6f6f37fe150c0a/financials |website=Crediwatch |access-date=12 June 2024 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref>
| num_employees = 650+
| parent = [[Ebix|Ebix, Inc.]]
| subsid =
| foundation = {{start date and age|2006}}
| location_city = [[Bangalore]]
| location_country = India
| website = {{URL|https://via.com}}
}}

'''Via.com,''' formerly known as '''FlightRaja.com''', is an Indian travel portal and [[Online travel agency|online travel company]] based in [[Bangalore]], India. Via was founded on 25 July 2006 and incorporated in February 2007. In November 2017, Via was acquired by [[Ebix]] for $74.9 million.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=31 October 2017 |title=Ebix Inc to buy Via.com for about $74.9 million |language=en |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-ebix-inc-to-buy-viacom-for-about-7-idINASB0BPVP |access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref>

==History==
Via was founded in a small [[Automobile repair shop|garage]] on 9th A Main Road, 2nd Block, [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagar]], [[Bangalore]]<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=10 April 2022 |title=About Us – Via.com |url=https://in.via.com/about?type=Us |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=Via.com}}</ref> on 25 July 2006 (incorporated in February 2007<ref name=":1" />) by Vinay Gupta, Amit Aggarwal, Harsh Azad, and Rohit Gaddi.

In 2007, Via received [[funding]] worth US$5 million from NEA IndoUS Ventures. This funding assisted Via in expanding themselves beyond [[airline]] services.<ref>{{cite web |title=FlightRaja Secures $5 Million Investment from NEA IndoUS Ventures |url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/travel/200706063135.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809213153/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/travel/200706063135.htm |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=9 August 2017 |website=Indiaprwire.com}}</ref>

In 2010, [[Sequoia Capital]] provided a US$10 million capital infusion into Via's [[holding company]] FlightRaja Travels.<ref>{{cite web |last=J |first=Preethi |date=27 January 2010 |title=Via (FlightRaja) To Receive $10M From Sequoia Capital |url=https://www.medianama.com/2010/01/223-via-flightraja-to-receive-10m-from-sequoia-capital/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809214520/https://www.medianama.com/2010/01/223-via-flightraja-to-receive-10m-from-sequoia-capital/ |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=9 August 2017 |website=Medianama.com}}</ref>

In November 2017, Via.com was acquired by [[Ebix]] for $74.9 million.<ref name=":0" />

On 17 December 2023, Ebix declared [[Chapter 11 bankruptcy]] after defaulting on a $617 million loan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-18/short-seller-target-ebix-files-for-chapter-11-bankruptcy|title=Short seller Ebix files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy|date=17 December 2023|access-date=18 December 2023|publisher=Bloomberg News|language=en}}</ref> In March 2024, it was reported that Ebix had initiated the sale of its Indian operations, including Via.com.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karthik |first1=Hamsini |title=EbixCash up for sale but buyers not in sight |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/ebixcash-up-for-sale-but-buyers-not-in-sight/article67935956.ece |access-date=12 June 2024 |work=Business Line|location=Chennai |date=10 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Activities ==
It is a distributor of transportation ticketing, accommodation reservation, packaged tours, corporate travel management and other travel ancillaries. It expanded first into the Philippines, Indonesia and eventually to hundreds of cities globally.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mullins |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plvOAwAAQBAJ&q=vinay+gupta+via+wall+street&pg=PT132 |title=The Customer-Funded Business: Start, Finance, or Grow Your Company with Your Customers' Cash |date=3 July 2014 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781118879139 |access-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224434/https://books.google.com/books?id=plvOAwAAQBAJ&q=vinay+gupta+via+wall+street&pg=PT132 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJt2s0laXssC&q=vinay+gupta+via+wall+street&pg=PT161 |title=The New Age Entrepreneurs |date=17 May 2012 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=9788184001204 |access-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224451/https://books.google.com/books?id=MJt2s0laXssC&q=vinay+gupta+via+wall+street&pg=PT161 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company has established a network of more than 100,000 partners across 10,000 towns and cities globally.<ref name="qrs" /> The company offers its services through a cloud based technology platform and a 24-hour customer service call center.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Travel ticket search engines}}

[[Category:Indian travel websites]]
[[Category:Travel ticket search engines]]
[[Category:Transport companies established in 2006]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2006]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023]]
[[Category:Companies based in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Online travel agencies]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2006]]