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Sudakshina Sarma

2026-05-05T22:47:14Z

Ovfanclub786: new the post first draft...

{{Short description|Indian singer (1934–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudakshina Sarma
| image = Sudakshina Sarma.jpg
| birth_name = Nirupama Hazarika
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1934|08|08}}
| birth_place = [[Guwahati]], Assam Province, British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|07|03|1934|08|08|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Guwahati]], Assam, India
| known_for =
| years_active = 1944–2023
| spouse = {{marriage|Dilip Sarma|1954|2008|end=his death}}
| children = 3
| other_names = Queenie Hazarika
| family = {{plainlist|
* [[Bhupen Hazarika]] (brother)
* [[Jayanta Hazarika]] (brother)
}}
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2002)
}}

'''Sudakshina Sarma''', {{audio|LL-Q29401 (asm)-JyotiPN-Sudakshina Sarma.wav|pronunciation|help=yes}}; {{née|'''Nirupama Hazarika'''}}; 8 August 1934 – 3 July 2023) was an Indian [[Assamese people|Assamese]] language singer and musician. In a career spanning over seven decades, Sarma recorded songs in a variety of genres across Assamese music spanning both classical and modern including ''[[Borgeet]]'', ''[[Kamrupi Lokgeet]]'', and ''[[Goalpariya Lokogeet]]''. She also popularized ''Jyoti Sangeet'', songs written by Assamese writer and lyricist [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]] and also ''[[Rabindra Sangeet]]''.

Sarma received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 2002 for her contributions to Assamese music.

== Early life ==
Sarma was born Nirupama Hazarika, in the [[Bharalumukh]] neighborhood of [[Guwahati]] to Shantipriya and Neelakantha Hazarika in a family of ten children, where she was fourth. Her elder brother, [[Bhupen Hazarika]] and younger brother, [[Jayanta Hazarika]] were also musicians.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=4 July 2023 |title=Renowned singer Sudakshina Sarma passes away in Guwahati – Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/renowned-singer-sudakshina-sarma-passes-away-in-guwahati-656598 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181004/https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/renowned-singer-sudakshina-sarma-passes-away-in-guwahati-656598 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was given the nickname Queen in her childhood, and was commonly referred to as Queenie Hazarika during her musical career.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2023 |title=Sudakshina Sarma (1934–2023): Assamese music legend leaves a profound legacy |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/sudakshina-sarma-obituary-assamese-music-legend-legacy/article67037632.ece |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=frontline.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181003/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/sudakshina-sarma-obituary-assamese-music-legend-legacy/article67037632.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sarma completed her schooling from [[Pan Bazaar]] high school and later studied at the [[Handique Girls College]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=4 July 2023 |title=Renowned singer Sudakshina Sarma passes away in Guwahati – Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/renowned-singer-sudakshina-sarma-passes-away-in-guwahati-656598 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181004/https://www.sentinelassam.com/topheadlines/renowned-singer-sudakshina-sarma-passes-away-in-guwahati-656598 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Her older brother, Bhupendra, greatly influenced her artistic growth, and exposed her to various Assamese cultural icons such as [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala|Rupkonwar Jyotiprasad Agarwala]], [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]], and [[Phani Sarma]] among others.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2023 |title=Sudakshina Sarma (1934–2023): Assamese music legend leaves a profound legacy |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/sudakshina-sarma-obituary-assamese-music-legend-legacy/article67037632.ece |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=frontline.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181003/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/sudakshina-sarma-obituary-assamese-music-legend-legacy/article67037632.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Sarma's career started when she was 10, when she traveled to Kolkata to record two songs composed by [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]]. That same year, she went on to record two more songs, including one written by her father, that would become hits.<ref name=":0" />

According to Sarma, a special highlight early in her career was when she sang ''"E Joi Roghunandan"'' ({{Translation|this victory of Rama, the son of Raghu}}) for [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s visit to [[Guwahati]] in 1946, upon request from [[Gopinath Bordoloi]]. Sarma also sang ''"Prithibir Shirot Bajrapat Porile"'' ({{Translation|a sudden devastation strikes the world}}), a song composed by her brother Bhupen Hazarika, when Gandhi's ashes were immersed in the [[Brahmaputra River]] after his assassination in 1948.<ref name=":1" />

Along with her husband, Sarma worked on popularizing ''Jyoti Sangeet'', songs written by Assamese writer and lyricist [[Jyoti Prasad Agarwala]].<ref name=":1" /> The couple also worked on ''[[Rabindra Sangeet]]'', songs written by composer and Indian nationalist [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name=":1" /> She partnered with her husband to record several albums including ''Kamalkuwari More Praneswari, Moyu Bane Jao Swamihe, Nahar Phule Nushuwai, Rati Puwaelre Kuruwai Pare Rao,'' and ''Ur Ur Ur Neel Akashat''.<ref name=":0" />

In a career spanning over seven decades, Sarma recorded songs in a variety of genres across Assamese music spanning both classical and modern including ''[[Borgeet]]'', ''[[Kamrupi Lokgeet]]'', and ''[[Goalpariya Lokogeet]]''.<ref name=":1" /> She was an artist with [[All India Radio]]'s [[Guwahati]] station.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Noted Assamese singer Sudakshina Sarma dies at 89 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/people/story/singer-sudakshina-sarma-bhupen-hazarika-sister-dies-at-89-2401236-2023-07-03 |access-date=9 July 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> As a [[playback singer]], Sarma recorded songs for Assamese movies including ''Maniram Dewan, Chikmik Bijuli, Pargaat, Abooj Bedona,'' and ''Hepah.''<ref name=":1" /> Some of her popular songs included ''Jetuka Bolere, Kotha Aru Xur,'' and ''Sharatkalor Rati.''<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Time |first=Pratidin |date=3 July 2023 |title=BREAKING: Noted Assamese Singer Sudakshina Sarma No More |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/top-stories/breaking-assamese-singer-sudakshina-sarma-no-more |access-date=9 July 2023 |website=Pratidin Time |language=en}}</ref>

Sarma received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 2002, an award that she shared with her husband, for her contributions to Assamese music and ''Jyoti Sangeet''.<ref name=":0" /> The couple held music workshops across the country.<ref name=":3" /> Sarma and her husband were also members of the Assam unit of [[Indian People's Theatre Association]].<ref name=":1" />

== Personal life and death ==
Sarma married composer and musician Dilip Sarma in 1954. She changed her name from Nirupama Hazarika to Sudakshina Sarma after her wedding.<ref name=":0" /> The couple had two sons and a daughter.<ref name=":0" /> Her husband and two sons predeceased her, with her husband dying in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Sarma passes away – Homage paid to icon of assamese music |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/dilip-sarma-passes-away-homage-paid-to-icon-of-assamese-music/cid/537798 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181005/https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/dilip-sarma-passes-away-homage-paid-to-icon-of-assamese-music/cid/537798 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Sarma's elder brother was the Assamese musician [[Bhupen Hazarika]].<ref name=":0" /> Her younger brother [[Jayanta Hazarika]] was also a musician.<ref name=":2" />

Sarma died in [[Guwahati]] on 3 July 2023, at the age of 88.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2023 |title=Assam's noted singer Sudakshina Sarma dies at age 89 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/assams-noted-singer-sudakshina-sarma-dies-at-age-89-8698551/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181007/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/assams-noted-singer-sudakshina-sarma-dies-at-age-89-8698551/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She was undergoing treatment for [[pneumonia]] at the time of her death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2023 |title=Assam's nightingale Sudakshina Sarma passes away at 89 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assams-nightingale-sudakshina-sarma-passes-away-at-89/articleshow/101471121.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 July 2023 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assams-nightingale-sudakshina-sarma-passes-away-at-89/articleshow/101471121.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Sarma had partnered with [[Ellora Vigyan Mancha]], an Assamese [[NGO]], to have her organs donated after her death.<ref name=":4" />

== See also ==
* [[:as:সুদক্ষিণা_শৰ্মা|Sudakshina Sarma on the Assamese language Wikipedia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarma, Sudakshina}}
[[Category:1934 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Assam]]
[[Category:Women from Assam]]

List of postage stamps of India (2016–2020)

2026-05-05T03:44:08Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up entry

{{inline|date=March 2024}}{{onesource|date=March 2024}}
{{short description|None}}

{{main|List of postage stamps of India}}
This is a list of commemorative postage stamps issued by the [[India Post]] between 2016 and 2020.

== 2016 ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify" width="98%"
|-
! #
! Issue date
! Image
! Description
! Denomination
|-
| 1
| 24 January 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 597875 - Income Tax Appellate Tribunal.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Income Tax Appellate Tribunal]]
| 500p
|-
| 2
| 25 January 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 597876 - Vibrant India.jpeg|60px]]
| Vibrant India
| 2500p
|-
| 3
| 6 February 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 600003 - International Fleet Review.jpeg|60px]]
| [[International Fleet Review 2016|International Fleet Review]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Stamps on International Fleet Review |url=https://www.mintageworld.com/media/detail/520-stamp-on-international-fleet-review/ |website=Mintage World |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref>
| 500p
|-
| 4
| 4 March 2016
| [[File:Vasantrao_S_Dempo_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
| [[Vasantrao S. Dempo|Vasantrao Srinivassa Sinai Dempo]]<ref name="postagestamps">{{cite web|url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/NewsPage.aspx?uid=99|website=postagestamps.gov.in|title=Postage Stamps:: Postage Stamps, Stamp issue calendar 2014, Paper postage, Commemorative and definitive stamps, Service Postage Stamps, Philately Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and counters, Mint stamps (unused stamps)|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021125/http://postagestamps.gov.in/NewsPage.aspx?uid=99|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | India-UN Women HeForShe (set of 2 Stamps)<ref>{{cite news |title=Joint issue between Department of Posts and United Nations Postal Administration on UN Women HeForShe postage stamp |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/joint-issue-between-department-of-posts-and-united-nations-postal-administration-116051800548_1.html |access-date=11 November 2025 |agency=Business Standard |date=19 May 2016 |archive-date=23 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223001353/https://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/joint-issue-between-department-of-posts-and-united-nations-postal-administration-116051800548_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Joint issue between Department of Posts and United Nations Postal Administration on UN Women HeForShe postage stamp |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=145421 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=11 November 2025 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127090828/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=145421 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 5
| rowspan="2" | 8 March 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 606698 - He for She.jpeg|60px]]
| India-UN Women HeForShe
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 606699 - He for She.jpeg|60px]]
| India-UN Women HeForShe
| 2500p
|-
| 6
| 11 March 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 606701 - National Archives of India.jpeg|60px]]
| [[National Archives of India]]
| 500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | High Court (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 7
| rowspan="2" | 13 March 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 606702 - Allahabad High Court.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Allahabad High Court]]
| 1500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 606703 - Allahabad High Court.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Allahabad High Court]]
| 500p
|-
| 8
| 14 April 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 621975 - Fire Services of India.jpeg|60px]]
| Fire Services of India
| 500p
|-
| 9
| 27 April 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 621976 - Govardhanram Tripathi 1855-1907.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Govardhanram Tripathi]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Gujarat CM releases postal stamp of Shri Govardhanram Tripathi |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2016/04/27/gujarat-cm-releases-postal-stamp-of-shri-govardhanram-tripathi/ |access-date=6 November 2025 |agency=Desh Gujarat |issue=27 April 2016 |archive-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222235819/https://deshgujarat.com/2016/04/27/gujarat-cm-releases-postal-stamp-of-shri-govardhanram-tripathi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 500p
|-
| 10
| 21 May 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627060 - The 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Swami Chidananda.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Swami Chidananda]]
| 500p
|-
| 11
| 10 June 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627061 - The 100th Anniversary of the TATA Power Company.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Tata Power]]
| 500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[Sun Salutation|Surya Namaskar]] (set of 12 Stamps)<ref>{{cite news |title=प्रधानमंत्री मोदी ने 'सूर्य नमस्कार' पर स्मारक डाक टिकटों को किया जारी |trans-title=PM Modi releases commemorative postage stamps on 'Surya Namaskar' |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/news/pm-modi-releases-commemorative-postage-stamps-on-surya-namaskar/videoshow/52832861.cms |access-date=6 November 2025 |agency=Navbharat Times |date=20 June 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224044632/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/news/pm-modi-releases-commemorative-postage-stamps-on-surya-namaskar/videoshow/52832861.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PM Narendra Modi releases postage stamps on 'Surya Namaskar' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/pm-narendra-modi-releases-postage-stamps-on--surya-namaskar--17354174 |access-date=6 November 2025 |agency=Mid Day |date=20 June 2016 |archive-date=23 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223000505/https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/pm-narendra-modi-releases-postage-stamps-on--surya-namaskar--17354174 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 12
| rowspan="12" | 20 June 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627062 - Prayers Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Pranamasana]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627063 - Raised Arm Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Hasta Uttanasana]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627064 - Hand to Foot Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Uttanasana|Padahastasana]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627065 - Equestrian Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Anjaneyasana|Asbasanchalanasana]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627066 - Mountains Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Adho Mukha Svanasana|Parbatasana]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627067 - Salute with Eight Parts.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Ashtanga Namaskara]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627068 - Cobra Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana|Bhujangasana]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627069 - Mountains Pose Repeated.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Adho Mukha Svanasana|Paravatasana]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627070 - Equestrian Pose Repeated.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Anjaneyasana|Aswasanchalasana]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627071 - Hand to Foot Pose Repeated.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Uttanasana|Hastauttanasana]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 904797 - Prayers Pose.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Pranamasana]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627072 - Raised Arm Pose Repeated.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Uttanasana|Padahastasana]]
| 2500p
|-
| 13
| 9 July 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 627075 - Bombay Stock Exchange.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]
| 500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]] (set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 14
| rowspan="2" | 29 July 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634127 - Tiger Panthera tigris.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634128 - Tiger Panthera tigris.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve]]
| 2500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[2016 Summer Olympics|Games of the XXXI Olympiad - Rio]] (Set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 15
| rowspan="4" | 5 August 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634130 - Badminton.jpeg|60px]]
| [[2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games Rio]] - [[Badminton]]
| 5500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634131 - Boxing.jpeg|60px]]
| [[2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games Rio]] - [[Boxing]]
| 5500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634132 - Shooting.jpeg|60px]]
| [[2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games Rio]] - [[Shooting]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634133 - Wrestling.jpeg|60px]]
| [[2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games Rio]] - [[Wrestling]]
| 2500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Orchids of India (Set of 6 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 16
| rowspan="6" | 8 August 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634135 - Esmeralda cathcartii Lindl Rchbf.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Arachnis (plant)|Esmeralda cathcartii]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634136 - Paphiopedilum villosum Lindl Stein.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Paphiopedilum villosum]]
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634137 - Dendrobium gibsonii Lindl.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Dendrobium gibsonii]]
| 1500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634138 - Esmeralda clarkei Rchbf.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Arachnis (plant)|Esmeralda clarkei]]
| 1500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634139 - Cypripedium himalaicum Rolfe.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Cypripedium|Cypripedium himalaicum]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634140 - Dendrobium falconeri Hook.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Dendrobium falconeri]]
| 2500p
|-
| 17
| 15 August 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634143 - Tourism in India.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Tourism in India]]
| 2500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indian Metal Crafts (set of 6 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 18
| rowspan="6" | 26 August 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634144 - Iron - Surahi.jpeg|60px]]
| Iron Surahi
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634145 - Bronze - Nataraja.jpeg|60px]]
| Bronze Nataraja
| 500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634146 - Copper - Pandan.jpeg|60px]]
| Copper Pandan
| 1500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634147 - Brass - Incense Burner.jpeg|60px]]
| Brass-Incense Burner
| 1500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634148 - Silver - Spouted Lota.jpeg|60px]]
| Spouted Lota
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 634149 - Gold - Gajalakshmi Lamp.jpeg|60px]]
| Gajalakshmi Lamp
| 2500p
|-
| 19
| 27 August 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804347 - Jagadguru Sri Shivarathri Rajendra Swamy.jpeg|60px]]
| Jagadguru Sri Shivarathri Rajendra Swamy
| 500p
|-
| 20
| 4 September 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661450 - Mother Teresa.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Mother Teresa|Saint Teresa]]
| 5000p
|-
| 21
| 23 September 2016
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661451 - Lady Hardinge Medical College.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Lady Hardinge Medical College gets a commemorative stamp at its Centenary Celebrations |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=151069&reg=3&lang=2 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=25 February 2026}}</ref>
| 500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indian Metal Crafts (set of 6 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 22
| rowspan="2" |2 October 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661452 - Clean India Mission.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Swachh Bharat]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661453 - Clean India Mission.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Swachh Bharat]]
|2500p
|-
|23
|4 October 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804348 - Central Water And Power Research Station.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Central Water and Power Research Station]]
|500p
|-
|24
|6 October 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661455 - Induction of C 130.jpeg|60px]]
|Induction of C-130
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Series 1: Near Threatened Birds (Set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 25
| rowspan="4" |17 October 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661459 - Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Nicobar pigeon]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661458 - Nilgiri Flycatcher Eumyias albicaudatus.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Nilgiri flycatcher]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661457 - Andaman Woodpecker Dryocopus hodgei.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Andaman woodpecker]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661456 - Black and orange Flycatcher Ficedula nigrorufa.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Black-and-orange flycatcher]]
|2000p
|-
|26
|24 October 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 661461 - Varanasi City.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Varanasi]] City
|500p
|-
|27
|31 October 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804349 - National Unity Day Salute to the Unifier of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[National Unity Day (India)|National Unity Day - Salute to The Unifier of India]]
|1000p
|-
|28
|1 November 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804350 - 50th Anniversary of Haryana.jpeg|60px]]
|50th Anniversary of [[Haryana]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Children's Day (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 29
| rowspan="2" |14 November 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804352 - Children s Day.jpeg|60px]]
|Children's Day, Picnic
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804351 - Children s Day.jpeg|60px]]
|Children's Day, Picnic
|1500p
|-
|30
|19 November 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804354 - Third Battalion The Garhwal Rifles.jpeg|60px]]
|Third Battalion - [[Garhwal Rifles|The Garhwal Rifles]]
|500p
|-
|31
|3 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804355 - All India Institute of Medical Sciences.jpeg|60px]]
|[[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Exotic Birds (Set of 6)
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 32
| rowspan="6" |5 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 751143 - Blue and yellow Macaw Ara ararauna.jpeg|60px]]
|Exotic Birds - [[Blue-throated macaw]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 751142 - Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus.jpeg|60px]]
|Exotic Birds - [[Cape parrot]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 751145 - Sun Parakeet Aratinga solstitialis.jpeg|60px]]
|Exotic Birds - [[Sun conure]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 751144 - Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus.jpeg|60px]]
|Exotic Birds - [[Hyacinth macaw]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 751147 - Yellow headed Amazon Amazona oratrix.jpeg|60px]]
|Exotic Birds - [[Yellow-headed amazon]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 751146 - Sulphur crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita.jpeg|60px]]
|Exotic Birds - [[Yellow-crested cockatoo]]
|1500p
|-
| rowspan="2" | 33
| rowspan="2" |7 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804358 - Pramukh Swami Maharaj.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Delhi)|Akshardham Temple, New Delhi]] and [[Pramukh Swami Maharaj]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804359 - Akshardham Temple.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Delhi)|Akshardham Temple, New Delhi]] and [[Pramukh Swami Maharaj]]
|1500p
|-
|34
|14 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804361 - Acharya Vimal Sagar 1916-1994.jpeg|60px]]
|Acharya Vimal Sagar
|500p
|-
|35
|22 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804362 - Samrat Vikramaditya.jpeg|60px]]
|Samrat [[Vikramaditya]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="2" | 36
| rowspan="2" |23 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804936 - Christmas.jpeg|60px]]
|Season's Greetings
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804937 - Christmas.jpeg|60px]]
|Season's Greetings
|2000p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Personality Series: Bihar (Set of 8 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 37
| rowspan="8" |26 December 2016
|[[File:Karpoori_Thakur_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Karpoori Thakur]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804371 - Kunwar Singh 1782-1858.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Kunwar Singh]]
|500p
|-
| [[File:Kailashpati_Mishra_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Kailashpati Mishra]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804373 - Vidyapati 1352-1448.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Vidyapati]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804372 - Dr Sachchidananda Sinha 1871-1950.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Sachchidananda Sinha]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Dashrath_Manjhi_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Dashrath Manjhi]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Phanishwar_Nath_Renu_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Phanishwar Nath Renu]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Shri_Krishna_Singh_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Shri Krishna Sinha]]
|500p
|-
|38
|26 December 2016
| [[File:Deendayal_Upadhyaya_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Deendayal Upadhyaya]]
|500p
|-
|39
|29 December 2016
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2016 - Colnect 804375 - Hardayal Municipal Heritage Public Library.jpeg|60px]]
|Hardayal Municipal Heritage Public Library
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Legendary Singers of India (Set of 10 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="10" | 40
| rowspan="10" |30 December 2016
|[[File:Mohammed_Rafi_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Mohammed Rafi]]
|500p
|-
| [[File:Kishore_Kumar_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Kishore Kumar]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Geeta_Dutt_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Geeta Dutt]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Manna_Dey_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Manna Dey]]
|500p
|-
|[[File: Bhupen_Hazarika_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Bhupen Hazarika]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Talat_Mahmood_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Talat Mahmood]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:TM_Soundararajan_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Mukesh_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|500p
|-
|[[File: Shamshad_Begum_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Shamshad Begum]]
|500p
|-
|[[File: Hemant_Kumar_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Hemant Kumar]]
|500p
|}

== 2017 ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify" width="98%"
|-
! #
! Issue date
! Image
! Description
! Denomination
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Happy New Year (Set of 12 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="12" |1
| rowspan="12" |1 January 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753830 - Ganesh Pol.jpeg|60px]]
|Ganesh Pol
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753831 - Pashmina.jpeg|60px]]
|Pashmina
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753832 - Chhau Mask.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Chhau mask]]
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753833 - Bodhi Tree.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Bodhi tree]]
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753834 - Sarota.jpeg|60px]]
|Sarota
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753835 - Peacock Gate.jpeg|60px]]
|Peacock Gate
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753836 - Chaitya Hall.jpeg|60px]]
|Chaitanya Hall
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753837 - Thanjavur Painting.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Thanjavur painting]]
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753838 - Blue Pottery.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Blue pottery of Jaipur|Blue Pottery]]
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753839 - Stained Glass.jpeg|60px]]
|Stained Glass
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753840 - Peitra Dura.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Pietra dura]]
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753841 - Zardozi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Zardozi]]
|2500p
|-
|2
|5 January 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753855 - 350th birthday of Prakhast Utsav Guru Govind Singh 1666 170.jpeg|60px]]
|350th Prakash Utsav: Guru Gobind Singh
|1000p
|-
| rowspan="2" |3
| rowspan="2" |7 January 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753856 - ndia Portugal - Pauliteros dance Miranda.jpeg|60px]]
|India-Portugal: Joint Issue Portugal - Pauliteros dance Miranda
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 746410 - India Portugal - Dandiya Dance Gujarat.jpeg|60px]]
|India-Portugal: Joint Issue Portugal - Dandiya Dance Gujarat
|500p
|-
|4
|17 January 2017
|[[File:MG_Ramachandran_2017_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|Dr. [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
|1500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Nature: India (set of 6 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |5
| rowspan="6" |25 January 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805287 - Butterfly.jpeg|60px]]
|Butterfly
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753861 - Tiger.jpeg|60px]]
|Tiger
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753862 - Deer.jpeg|60px]]
|Deer
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753859 - Elephants.jpeg|60px]]
|Elephant
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753858 - Peacock.jpeg|60px]]
|Peacock
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753860 - Egrets.jpeg|60px]]
|Storks
|500p
|-
|6
|30 January 2017
|[[File:India Post Payments Bank 2017 stamp.jpg|60px]]
|[[India Post Payments Bank]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Headgears of India (Set of 16 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="16" |7
| rowspan="16" |10 February 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753864 - Haryanvi Turban.jpeg|60px]]
|Haryanvi Turban
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753865 - Hornbill Warrior Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Hornbill Warrior Cap
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753866 - Gujarati Turban.jpeg|60px]]
|Gujarati Turban
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753867 - Bison Horn Maria Tribal Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Bison Horn Cap
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753868 - Rajasthani Turban.jpeg|60px]]
|Rajasthani Turban
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753869 - Himachali Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Himachali Cap
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753870 - Angami Tribal Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Angami Trible Cap
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753871 - Japi Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Japi Cap
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753872 - Puneri Turban.jpeg|60px]]
|Puneri Turban
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753873 - Naga Hat.jpeg|60px]]
|Naga Hat
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753874 - Mysore Peta.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Mysore Peta]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753875 - Dastar.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Dastar|Sikh Turban]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753876 - Karakul Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Kashmiri Cap
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753877 - Mithila Turban.jpeg|60px]]
|Mithila Turban
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753878 - Tepi Brokpa tribe.jpeg|60px]]
|Tepi Brokpa Tribe
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753879 - Gonda - Ladakhi Cap.jpeg|60px]]
|Gonda Ladakhi
|1000p
|-
|8
|11 February 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696266 - The Poona Horse Regiment.jpeg|60px]]
|[[17th Horse (Poona Horse)|The Poona Horse]]
|500p
|-
|9
|13 February 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696267 - Centenary of Ramjas College University of Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Ramjas College]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |[[Coccinellidae|Ladybird Beetles]] (Set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |10
| rowspan="4" |23 February 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696268 - Seven spot Ladybird Coccinella septempunctata.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Coccinella septempunctata]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696269 - Ladybird Beetles of India.jpeg|60px]]
|Ladybird Beetles
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696270 - Variegated Ladybird Hippodamia variegata.jpg|60px]]
|[[Harmonia axyridis]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696271 - 22 spot Ladybird Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata]]
|1500p
|-
|11
|7 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696277 - Centenary of Yogoda Satsanga Society.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Yogoda Satsanga Society of India]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Means of Transport through the Ages (Set of 4X5=20 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |12
| rowspan="4" |25 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753888 - Long Palanquin.jpeg|60px]]
|Long [[Palanquin]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753889 - Meeana Palanquin.jpeg|60px]]
|Meena Palanquin
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753890 - Boutcha Palanquin.jpeg|60px]]
|Boutcha Palanquin
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753891 - Chowpaul Palanquin.jpeg|60px]]
|Chowpal Palanquin
|2500p
|-
| rowspan="4" |13
| rowspan="4" |25 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753892 - Bullock Cart.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Bullock Cart]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753893 - Rath Bullock Cart.jpeg|60px]]
|Rath Bullock Cart
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753894 - Tonga.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Tanga (carriage)|Tonga]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753895 - Horse Carriage.jpeg|60px]]
|Horse Carriage
|2500p
|-
| rowspan="4" |14
| rowspan="4" |25 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753898 - Cycle Rickshaw.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Cycle rickshaw]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753899 - Motorcycle Rickshaw.jpeg|60px]]
|Motorcycle Rickshaw
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753900 - Hand Rickshaw.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Pulled rickshaw|Hand Rickshaw]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753901 - School Rickshaw.jpeg|60px]]
|School Rickshaw
|2500p
|-
| rowspan="4" |15
| rowspan="4" |25 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753902 - Rolls Royce 1909.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Rolls Royce]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753903 - Austin 1926.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Austin Motor Company|Austin]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753904 - Chevrolet 1932.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Chevrolet]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753905 - Ford 1938.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
|2500p
|-
| rowspan="4" |16
| rowspan="4" |25 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753908 - Tram.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Trams in India|Tram]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753909 - Metro.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Urban rail transit in India|Delhi Metro]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753910 - Double Decker Bus.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport|Double Decker Bus]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 753911 - Bus.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Bus]]
|2500p
|-
|17
|30 March 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696290 - Cub Scouts of India.jpeg|60px]]
|Cub Scouts
|500p
|-
|18
|14 April 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696291 - Deekshambhoomi Stupa - Babasaheb Ambedkar.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Deekshabhoomi]]
|500p each
|-
|19
|22 April 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805288 - BRB Ambedkar Institute of Telecom Training Jabalpur.jpeg|60px]]
|Bharat Ratna Bhimrao Ambedkar Institute of Telecom Training, Jabalpur
|1500p
|-
|20
|23 April 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696296 - Indian Coffee.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Coffee]]
|10000p
|-
| rowspan="3" |21
| rowspan="3" |26 April 2017
|[[File:Atukuri_Molla_2017_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Atukuri Molla]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Viswanatha_Satyanarayana_2017_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Viswanatha Satyanarayana]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Tarigonda_Vengamamba_2017_stamp_of_India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Tarigonda Vengamamba]]
|500p
|-
|22
|1 May 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696300 - Ramanujacharya.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Ramanujacharya]]
|2500p
|-
|23
|5 May 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 696301 - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 20th Anniversary.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Telecom Regulatory Authority of India]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" | [[Champaran Satyagraha]] Centenary (Set of 3 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |24
| rowspan="3" |13 May 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 700591 - Centenary of the Champaran Indigo Farmers Satyagraha.jpeg|60px]]
|Quote from Mohandas Gandhi
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 700592 - Centenary of the Champaran Indigo Farmers Satyagraha.jpeg|60px]]
|Champaran Satyagraha Centenary
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 700593 - Centenary of the Champaran Indigo Farmers Satyagraha.jpeg|60px]]
|Champaran Indigo Farmers Satyagraha
|2500p
|-
|25
|19 May 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 700594 - Hanagal Kumaraswamiji.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Hanagal Kumaraswamiji|Shri Hanagal Kumaraswamiji]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="5" |26
| rowspan="5" |31 May 2017
|[[File:Balwant Gargi 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|EMINENT WRITERS : [[Balwant Gargi|Prof. Balwant Gargi]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Kuvempu 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|EMINENT WRITERS : [[K.V. Puttappa]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Shrilal Shukla 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|EMINENT WRITERS : [[Shrilal Shukla|Pandit Shrilal Shukla]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Bhisham Sahni 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|EMINENT WRITERS : [[Bhisham Sahni]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Krishan Chander 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|EMINENT WRITERS : [[Krishan Chander]]
|1000p
|-
|27
|18 June 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 705240 - Jhala Manna Rajastani General d 1576.jpeg|60px]]
|Jhala Manna
|500p
|-
| rowspan="2" |28
| rowspan="2" |22 June 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709419 - Emblem of the Survey Of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Survey of India]] : Emblem of the Survey Of India
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709420 - Surveyors Tools.jpeg|60px]]
|Survey of India : Surveyors Tools
|1500p
|-
|29
|23 June 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709422 - Emblem and Indian Passports.jpeg|60px]]
|The Passports Act, 1967
|2500p
|-
| rowspan="2" |30
| rowspan="2" |28 June 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709424 - Benares Hindu University.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Banaras Hindu University]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709425 - Benares Hindu University.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Banaras Hindu University]]
|2000p
|-
|31
|29 June 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 709423 - Shrimad Rajchanraji Poet.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Shrimad Rajchandra]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Narendra Modi releases stamps, coins to mark 150th birth anniversary of Jain scholar Shrimad Rajchandra|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/narendra-modi-releases-stamps-coins-to-mark-150th-birth-anniversary-of-jain-scholar-shrimad-rajchandra-3760169.html|access-date=22 April 2024|agency=First Post|publisher=First Post|date=30 June 2017|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222093323/https://www.firstpost.com/india/narendra-modi-releases-stamps-coins-to-mark-150th-birth-anniversary-of-jain-scholar-shrimad-rajchandra-3760169.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Haldankar |first1=Sachin |title=Narendra Modi at Sabarmati Ashram centenary celebrations |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/india/narendra-modi-at-sabarmati-ashram-centenary-celebrations-1447329.html |access-date=22 April 2024 |agency=news18 |date=29 June 2017 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422040504/https://www.news18.com/photogallery/india/narendra-modi-at-sabarmati-ashram-centenary-celebrations-1447329.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|500p
|-
| rowspan="8" |32
| rowspan="8" |9 August 2017
| [[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp1.jpg|60px]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Quit India Movement|1942 Freedom Movement]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp2.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp3.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp4.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp5.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp6.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp7.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Quit India Movement 2017 stamp8.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="2" |33
|15 August 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732890 - Mountain Landscape.jpeg|60px]]
|Beautiful India : Mountain Landscape
|1500p
|-
|15 August 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732891 - Flowered Tree.jpeg|60px]]
|Beautiful India : Flowered Tree
|1500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |[[Caves of Meghalaya]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |34
| rowspan="4" |15 August 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732893 - Caves of Meghalaya - Krem Blang Cave.jpeg|60px]]
|Krem Blang Cave
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732894 - Caves of Meghalaya - Krem Khung Cave.jpeg|60px]]
|Krem Khung Cave
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732895 - Caves of Meghalaya - Krem Syndai Cave.jpeg|60px]]
|Krem Syndai Cave
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732896 - Caves of Meghalaya - Krem Lymput Cave.jpeg|60px]]
|Krem Lymput Cave
|500p
|-
|35
|12 September 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732898 - 25th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations with Belarus.jpeg|60px]]
|India Belarus: Joint Issue
|2500p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Vulnerable Birds (Set of 3 stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |36
| rowspan="3" |18 September 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732900 - Nilgiri Wood Pigeon Columba elphinstonii.jpeg|60px]]
|Nilgiri Wood Pigeon Columba elphinstonii
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732901 - Broad Tailed Grass Warbler Schoenicola platyurus.jpeg|60px]]
|Broad Tailed Grass Warbler Schoenicola platyurus
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732902 - Nilgiri Pipit Anthus nilghiriensis.jpeg|60px]]
|Nilgiri Pipit Anthus nilghiriensis
|500p
|-
| rowspan="2" |37
| rowspan="2" |21 September 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732904 - Diwali - Joint Issue with Canada.jpeg|60px]]
|India Canada: Joint Issue on Diwali
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732905 - Diwali - Joint Issue with Canada.jpeg|60px]]
|India Canada: Joint Issue on Diwali
|2500p
|-
|38
|22 September 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 732907 - The Ramayana Epic - Version 1.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Ramayana]]<ref>{{cite news |title=PM Modi launches postage stamp, says 'they are a wonderful way to preserve history' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/pm-modi-launches-postage-stamp-says-they-are-a-wonderful-way-to-preserve-history-117092201204_1.html |access-date=28 February 2026 |agency=Business Standard |date=22 September 2017}}</ref>
|1500(p),500p(10)
|-
|39
|7 October 2017
|[[File:Rapid Action Force 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Rapid Action Force]]
|500p
|-
|40
|11 October 2017
|[[File:Nanaji Deshmukh 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Nanaji Deshmukh]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="2" |41
| rowspan="2" |15 October 2017
|[[File:Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport 2017 stamp of India 2.jpg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport]]
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|500p
|-
|42
|23 October 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 739961 - Centenary of the 3rd Kumaon Rifles Division.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Kumaon Regiment|3 Kumaon (Rifles)]]
|500p
|-
|43
|26 October 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 739962 - Traditional Dances - Joint Issue with Russia.jpeg|60px]]
|India Russia: Joint Issue (Bhavai, Beryozka)
|2500p,500p
|-
| rowspan="3" |44
| rowspan="3" |1 November 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 741695 - Tribute to Kavi Muddana Kannada Poet.jpeg|60px]]
|Kavi [[Muddana]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 741696 - Adikavi Nannaya Telugu Poet.jpeg|60px]]
|Adikavi [[Nannayya|Nannaya]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 741717 - Draksharamama Bhimeswara Temple.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Draksharama|Draksharamam Bhimeswara Temple]]
|500p
|-
| colspan="4" | [[Indian cuisine]] (Set of 4X6=24 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |45
| rowspan="6" |3 November 2017 {{small|([[Prasada|Bhog Prasad]])}}
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805325_-_Bhog_Prasad_Modak.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Modak]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805326_-_Bhog_Prasad_Mahaprasad_-_Rice_Dal.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Mahaprasad (Jagannath Temple)|Mahaprasad - Rice Dal]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805523_-_Bhog_Prasad_Chhappan_Bhog.jpeg|60px]]
| Chhappan Bhog
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805327_-_Bhog_Prasad_Peda.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Peda]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805328_-_Bhog_Prasad_Sandesh.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sandesh]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805329_-_Bhog_Prasad_Tirupati_Laddoo.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Tirupati Laddu]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="6" |46
| rowspan="6" |3 November 2017 {{small|(Festive Cuisine)}}
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805330_-_Festival_Malpua.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Malpua]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805331_-_Festival_Pongal.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Pongal (dish)|Pongal]]
|500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805332_-_Festival_Motichur_Laddoo.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Laddu|Motichoor Laddu]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805333_-_Festival_Gujhiya.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Gujia]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805334_-_Festival_Seviyan.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Vermicelli|Seviyan]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805335_-_Festival_Thekua.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Thekua]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="6" |47
| rowspan="6" |3 November 2017 {{small|([[Indian fast food|Popular Cuisine]])}}
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805336_-_Popular_Poha_Jalebi.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Indori Poha|Poha Jalebi]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805337_-_Popular_Golgappa.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Panipuri|Golgappa]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805338_-_Popular_Dhokla.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Dhokla]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805339_-_Popular_Chhole_Bhature.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Chole bhature|Chole Bhature]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805340_-_Popular_Idli_dosa.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Idli]] & [[Dosa (food)|Dosa]]
|500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805341_-_Popular_Vada_Pav.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Vada pav|Vada Pav]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="6" |48
| rowspan="6" |3 November 2017 {{small|(Regional Cuisine)}}
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805342_-_Regional_Baby_Appam.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Appam|Baby Appam]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805343_-_Regional_Baghare_Baingan.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Baghaar-e-baingan]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805344_-_Regional_Dal_Bati.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Dal baati|Dal Bati]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805345_-_Regional_Litti_Chokha.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Litti Chokha (dish)|Litti Chokha]]
|500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805346_-_Regional_Makke_Ki_Roti_-_Sarson_Ka_Saag.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Sarson ka saag|Sarson Ka Saag]]
|500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2017_-_Colnect_805347_-_Regional_Biryani.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Biryani]]
|500p
|-
| rowspan="2" |49
| rowspan="2" |14 November 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 745861 - Children s Day 2017 - Birds.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |Nest: Children's Day 2017
|1500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 745862 - Children s Day 2017 - Birds.jpeg|60px]]
|1500p
|-
|50
|27 November 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 746040 - The Mahabharata Epic.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Mahabharata]]
|10000p,5000p, 2500p(4), 1500p(12),
|-
|51
|07 December 2017
|[[File:INS Kalvari 2017 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[INS Kalvari (S21)|INS Kalvari]]
|500p
|-
|52
|15 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 749739 - Centenary of Death of Shirdi Sai Baba Indian Mystic.jpeg|60px]]
|Centenary of 'Mahasamadhi' of Shri [[Shirdi Sai Baba]]
|500p
|-
|53
|26 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754664 - Shambhunath Singh Hindi Author - Nationalist.jpeg|60px]]
|Dr. Shambhunath Singh
|500p
|-
|54
|28 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754665 - Shivajirao Ganesh Patwardhan Social Activist.jpeg|60px]]
|Dr. Shivajirao Ganesh Patwardhan
|500p
|-
|55
|29 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754666 - Dadabhai Naoroji Parsi Political Leader.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Dadabhai Naoroji]]
|500p
|-
|*
| colspan="5" |Stepwells (Set of 16 stamps)
|-
| rowspan="16" |56
| rowspan="16" |29 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759978 - Chand Baori Abhaneri.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Chand Baori]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759979 - Ranji Ki Baori Bundi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Raniji ki Baori]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759980 - Toor Ji Ka Jhalra Jodhpur.jpeg|60px]]
|Toorji Ka Jhalra
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759981 - Panna Main Ki Baori Jaipur.jpeg|60px]]
|Panna Mian ki Baori
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759986 - Nagar Sagar Kund Bundi Rajasthan.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Nagar Sagar Kund]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759987 - Neemrana Stepwell Alwar.jpeg|60px]]
|Neemrana
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759988 - Pushkarini stepwell Hampi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Temple tank|Pushkarini stepwell]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759989 - Muskin Bhanvi Stepwell Lakkundi.jpeg|60px]]
|Muskin Bhanvi Stepwell
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759982 - Rani ki Vav Patan.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Rani Ki Vav]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759983 - Dada Harir Stepwell Ahmedabad.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Dada Harir Stepwell]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759984 - Shahi Baori Lucknow.jpeg|60px]]
|Shahi Baori
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759985 - Ghaus Ali Shah Baori Farrukh Nagar.jpeg|60px]]
|Ghaus Ali Shah Baori
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759990 - Adalaj Stepwell Adalaj.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Adalaj Stepwell]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759991 - Surya Kund Modhera.jpeg|60px]]
|Surya Kund
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759992 - Agrasen Ki Baori Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Agrasen Ki Baoli]]
|1000p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 759993 - Rajon Ki Baori Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Rajon Ki Baoli]]
|1000p
|-
| rowspan="2" |57
| rowspan="2" |30 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754669 - Blue Peafowl Pavo cristatus.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Peafowl]]: India Papua New Guinea: Joint Issue
|2500p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754668 - Raggiana Bird of Paradise Paradisaea raggiana.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Raggiana bird-of-paradise]]: India Papua New Guinea: Joint Issue
|500p
|-
|58
|30 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754671 - Traditional Hand Fans.jpeg|60px]]
|Indian Handfans
|500p
|-
|59
|31 December 2017
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 754674 - Mehr Chand Mahajan 3rd Chief Justice of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Mehr Chand Mahajan|Justice Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
|500p
|}

== 2018 ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify" width="98%"
|-
! #
! Issue date
! Image
! Description
! Denomination
|-
| rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |8 January 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 756983 - Centenary of the Coconut Research Institute.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]]: [[Central Plantation Crops Research Institute]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 756984 - Centenary of the Coconut Research Institute.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |India - Viet Nam Joint Issue<ref>{{cite web |title=Cabinet approves MoU between India and Viet Nam on Joint issue of postage stamp |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179942&reg=3&lang=2 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=14 March 2026}}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |25 January 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 760542 - Friendship with Vietnam - Religious Structures.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Phổ Minh Temple|Phổ Minh Pagoda]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 760543 - Friendship with Vietnam - Religious Structures.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Sanchi|Sanchi Stupa]]
|2500
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |ASEAN India Commemorative Summit 2018 (Set of 11 Stamps)<ref>{{cite news |title=Commemorative postal stamps released to mark 25 years of India-ASEAN ties |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/Jan/26/commemorative-postal-stamps-released-to-mark-25-years-of-india-asean-ties-1763648.html |access-date=14 March 2026 |agency=The New Indian Express |date=26 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Commemorative postal stamps released to mark 25 yrs of India-ASEAN ties |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/commemorative-postal-stamps-released-to-mark-25-yrs-of-india-asean-ties/1030620/ |access-date=14 March 2026 |agency=Financial Express |date=26 January 2018}}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |3
| rowspan="11" |25 January 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772305 - Torana Gate Malaysia.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Torana Gate, Malaysia]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772306 - Menyembah Brunei.jpeg|60px]]
|Menyembah, Brunei
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772307 - Pattam KAtha India.jpeg|60px]]
|Pattam Katha, India
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772308 - Ramayana - Darangen Philippines.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Darangen|Ramayana - Darangen Philippines]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772309 - Phralak Phralam Laos PDR.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Phra Lak Phra Ram|Phralak Phralam, Laos]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772310 - Ramayana Indonesia.jpeg|60px]]
|Ramayana Indonesia
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772311 - Yama Zatdaw Myanmar.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Yama Zatdaw|Yama Zatdaw, Myanmar]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772312 - Hanuman Khon Thailand.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Khon|Hanuman Khon Thailand]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772313 - Sri Mariyamman Temple Singapore.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Sri Maha Mariamman Temple, Bangkok|Sri Maha Mariamman Temple]], Thailand
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772314 - Kate Festival Vietnam.jpeg|60px]]
|Kate Festival, Vietnam
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 772315 - Kumbakarnan Cambodia.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Kumbhakarna]], Cambodia
|500 p
|-
| rowspan="2" |4
| rowspan="2" |26 January 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 760843 - Children s Art - The Potter s Wheel.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Potter's wheel]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 760844 - Children s Art - The Potter s Wheel.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|5
|28 January 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 761311 - Dr Talimaren Ao Indian Footballer.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Talimeren Ao]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/former-footballer-chuni-goswami-honoured-with-commemorative-stamp/article30575587.ece/|title=Former footballer Chuni Goswami honoured with commemorative stamp|date=16 January 2020|access-date=22 October 2022|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|archive-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117191025/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/former-footballer-chuni-goswami-honoured-with-commemorative-stamp/article30575587.ece/amp/}}</ref>
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Joint Issue of India and the Islamic Republic of Iran (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |6
| rowspan="2" |17 February 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 767846 - Trade Ports - Chahbehar Iran.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Chabahar Port]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 767847 - Trade Ports - Kandla India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Kandla|Kandla Port]]
|2500 p
|-
|7
|23 February 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 768886 - Bommiredy Nagi Reddy Telugu Film Producer.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Nagi Reddi]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatiya |first1=Anubhav |title=Commemorative Stamp In The Honour Of Late Legend B. Nagi Reddy Released |url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/commemorative-stamp-in-the-honour-of-late-legend-b-nagi-reddy-released-article77528.htm |access-date=14 March 2024 |publisher=Desimartini |date=23 February 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314033320/https://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/commemorative-stamp-in-the-honour-of-late-legend-b-nagi-reddy-released-article77528.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|500 p
|-
|8
|25 February 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 769615 - 50th Anniversary of Auroville.jpeg|60px]]
|Auroville International Township- Golden Jubilee
|500 p
|-
|9
|5 March 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 771470 - Biju Patnaik.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Biju Patnaik]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha CM Releases Postage Stamp On Biju Patnaik |url=https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/odisha-cm-releases-postage-stamp-on-biju-patnaik |access-date=14 March 2024 |agency=OMMCOM NEWS |date=5 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314034826/https://ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/odisha-cm-releases-postage-stamp-on-biju-patnaik |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Postage Stamp On Biju Patnaik Unveiled |url=https://odishanewsinsight.com/odisha/postage-stamp-biju-patnaik-unveiled/ |access-date=14 March 2024 |agency=ONI Bureau |publisher=odishanewsinsight.com |date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314034826/https://odishanewsinsight.com/odisha/postage-stamp-biju-patnaik-unveiled/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Odisha: Postage Stamp On Biju Patnaik Released |url=https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-postage-stamp-on-biju-patnaik-released/ |access-date=14 March 2024 |agency=sambadenglish.com |date=5 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314034825/https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-postage-stamp-on-biju-patnaik-released/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|500 p
|-
| rowspan="2" |10
| rowspan="2" |8 March 2018
|[[File:Central Industrial Security Force 2018 stamp of India 2.jpg|60px]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Central Industrial Security Force 2018 stamp of India 3.jpg|60px]]
|[[Central Industrial Security Force]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |The Solar System (Set of 8 stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |11
| rowspan="8" |20 March 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785492 - Mercury.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785493 - Venus.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Venus]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785494 - Earth.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Earth]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785495 - Mars.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Mars]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785496 - Jupiter.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Jupiter]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785497 - Saturn.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Saturn]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785498 - Uranus.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Uranus]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 785499 - Neptune.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Neptune]]
|500 p
|-
|12
|11 April 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 778940 - 60th Anniv Defense Research - Development Organization.jpeg|60px]]
|Defence Research and Development Organization
|1000 p
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" |17 April 2018
|[[File:Goa Tiatr 2018 stamp of India 2.jpg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |Goan Tiatr
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Goa Tiatr 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|2500 p
|-
|14
|25 April 2018
|[[File:Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna]]
|500 p
|-
| rowspan="2" |15
| rowspan="2" |27 April 2018
|[[File:Safdarjung Hospital 2018 stamp of India 2.jpg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |Safdarjung Hospital
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Safdarjung Hospital 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|500 p
|-
| rowspan="4" |16
| rowspan="4" |29 April 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 787074 - Prithviraj Chauhan Medieval Hindu Ruler of NW India.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Prithviraj Chauhan]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 787073 - Prithviraj Chauhan Medieval Hindu Ruler of NW India.jpeg|60px]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 787072 - Prithviraj Chauhan Medieval Hindu Ruler of NW India.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 787075 - Prithviraj Chauhan Medieval Hindu Ruler of NW India.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|17
|15 May 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 786667 - MV Arunachalam Economic Minister under Nehru.jpeg|60px]]
|M. V. Arunachalam<ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu governor releases stamp in memory of SICCI ex-president. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-governor-releases-stamp-in-memory-of-sicci-ex-president/articleshow/64186043.cms |access-date=14 March 2024 |publisher=Times of India |date=16 May 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314040954/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-governor-releases-stamp-in-memory-of-sicci-ex-president/articleshow/64186043.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|500 p
|-
|18
|23 May 2018
|[[File:C Kesavan 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[C. Kesavan]]
|500 p
|-
|19
|25 May 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 788556 - Centenary of Lions International.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Lions Clubs International|The International Association of Lions Clubs]]
|1500 p
|-
| rowspan="4" |20
| rowspan="4" |5 June 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 790119 - World Environment Day 2018.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="4" |[[World Environment Day]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 790120 - World Environment Day 2018.jpeg|60px]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 790121 - World Environment Day 2018.jpeg|60px]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 790122 - World Environment Day 2018.jpeg|60px]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |India-South Africa: Joint Issue
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |21
| rowspan="2" |7 June 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 790481 - 20th Anniversary of India South Africa Strategic Cooperation.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Oliver Tambo]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 790482 - 20th Anniversary of India South Africa Strategic Cooperation.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Deendayal Upadhyaya]]
|2500 p
|-
|22
|17 June 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 792271 - Centenary of the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha]], Madras
|500 p
|-
|23
|28 June 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 794746 - Scott Christian College Nagercoil.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Scott Christian College]], Nagercoil
|500 p
|-
|24
|1 July 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 795697 - 70th Anniversary of the Chartered Accountants of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Institute of Chartered Accountants of India|The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]]
|2200 p
|-
|25
|3 July 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 796538 - ML Vasanthakumari Classical Musician.jpeg|60px]]
|[[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
|500 p
|-
|26
|8 July 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 798480 - Damodar Hari Chapekar.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Chapekar brothers|Damodar Hari Chapekar]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |India-South Africa: Joint Issue
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |27
| rowspan="2" |26 July 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802165 - Nelson Mandela.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Nelson Mandela]]
|2500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802166 - Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Mahatma Gandhi]]
|500 p
|-
|28
|28 July 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 800663 - National Viral Hepatitis Program.jpeg|60px]]
|National Viral Hepatitis Control Program
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Geographical Indication (GI) Registered Handloom Products
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |29
| rowspan="5" |7 August 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802139 - Traditional Handloom Textiles - Tangaliya Shawl.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Tangaliya Shawl]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802137 - Traditional Handloom Textiles - Kashmir Pashmina.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Pashmina (material)|Kashmir Pashmina]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802138 - Traditional Handloom Textiles - Pochampally Ikat.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Pochampally sari|Pochampally Ikat]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802136 - Traditional Handloom Textiles - Bhagalpur Silk.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Bhagalpuri silk]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 802135 - Traditional Handloom Textiles - Baluchari Saree.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Baluchari sari]]
|500 p
|-
| rowspan="2" |30
| rowspan="2" |15 August 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 803336 - Holiday In India.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |Holiday Destinations in India
|1500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 803337 - Holiday In India.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|31
|25 August 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 805986 - Centenary of Patna University.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Patna University]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |India-Armenia: Joint Issue
|500 p
|-
| rowspan="2" |32
| rowspan="2" |29 August 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 806106 - Armenian Traditional Dance.jpeg|60px]]
|Hov Arek Dance
|2500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 806107 - Indian Traditional Dance.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Manipuri dance]]
|
|-
|33
|3 September 2018
|[[File:Mailara Mahadevappa 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Mailara Mahadevappa|Martyr Mahadevappa Mailar]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |India Serbia: Joint Issue
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |34
| rowspan="2" |15 September 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 808552 - Nikola Tesla.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Nikola Tesla]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 808553 - Swami Vivekananda.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Swami Vivekananda]]
|2500 p
|-
|35
|17 September 2018
|[[File:Hislop College 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Hislop College]], Nagpur
|500 p
|-
|36
|23 September 2018
|[[File:Sant-Ganinath.jpg|60px]]
|[[Ganinath|Sant Ganinath]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811362 - Gandhi 150th Anniversary Souvenir Sheet.jpeg|60px]]
|-
| rowspan="7" |37
| rowspan="7" |2 October 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811681 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Mahatma Gandhi]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811682 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|1200 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811683 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|2000 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811684 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|2200 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811685 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|2500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811686 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|2500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 811687 - 150th Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
|4100 p
|-
|38
|3 November 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 820147 - Bicentenary of the Rajputana Rifles.jpeg|60px]]
|3rd Battalion - The Rajputana Rifles
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Communal Harmony
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |39
| rowspan="2" |14 November 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 821371 - Promotion of Communal Harmony.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |Communal Harmony
|1500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 821372 - Promotion of Communal Harmony.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|40
|27 November 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 823445 - 75th Anniversary of Utkal University.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Utkal University]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |[[2018 Men's Hockey World Cup|Odisha Hockey Men's World Cup 2018 Bhubaneswar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |41
| rowspan="5" |28 November 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830282 - 2018 Men s Hockey World Cup Odisha.jpeg|60px]]
|Logo
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830280 - 2018 Men s Hockey World Cup Odisha.jpeg|60px]]
|Men playing hockey
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830281 - 2018 Men s Hockey World Cup Odisha.jpeg|60px]]
|Men playing hockey
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830283 - 2018 Men s Hockey World Cup Odisha.jpeg|60px]]
|Men playing hockey
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830284 - 2018 Men s Hockey World Cup Odisha.jpeg|60px]]
|Men playing hockey
|500 p
|-
|42
|13 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 827465 - Ustad Sabri Khan.jpeg|60px]]
|Ustad Sabri Khan
|500 p
|-
|43
|18 December 2018
|[[File:Raj Kumar Shukla 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Raj Kumar Shukla]]
|500 p
|-
|44
|19 December 2018
|[[File:Gulabrao Maharaj 2018 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|[[Gulabrao Maharaj]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |[[National Police Memorial (India)|National Police Memorial]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |45
| rowspan="2" |22 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 829306 - National Police Memorial.jpeg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[National Police Memorial (India)|National Police Memorial]]
|1000 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 829307 - National Police Memorial.jpeg|60px]]
|1500 p
|-
|46
|24 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 829309 - Bicentenary of the Paika Rebellion.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Paika Rebellion]]
|500 p
|-
|47
|28 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830475 - Kakaji - Pappaji.jpeg|60px]]
|Kakaji & Pappaji
|500 p
|-
|48
|29 December 2018
|[[File:2018 stamp commemorating Maharaja Suheldev.jpg|60px]]
|[[Suhaldev|Maharaja Suheldev]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |[[Hill Forts of Rajasthan]] - UNESCO World Heritage sites in India
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |49
| rowspan="6" |29 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830478 - Kumbhalghar Fortress.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Kumbhalgarh]] Fort
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830479 - Gagron Fortress.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Gagron Fort]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830480 - Ranthambore Fortress.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Ranthambore Fort]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830481 - Amer Fortress.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Amber Fort]]
|1200 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830482 - Jaisalmer Fortress.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Jaisalmer Fort]]
|1200 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830483 - Chittorgarh Fortress.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Chittorgarh]] Fort
|1200 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |75th Anniversary of the First Flag Hoisting at Port Blair
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |50
| rowspan="3" |30 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830988 - 75th Anniversary of the Azad Hind Rule over Andamans.jpeg|60px]]
|
|1200 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830989 - 75th Anniversary of the Azad Hind Rule over Andamans.jpeg|60px]]
|
|2200 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830990 - 75th Anniversary of the Azad Hind Rule over Andamans.jpeg|60px]]
|
|4100 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Geographical Indication (GI) Registered Handicraft Products
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |51
| rowspan="5" |31 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830997 - Handicrafts of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Blue pottery of Jaipur]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 831000 - Handicrafts of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Kutch embroidery]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830999 - Handicrafts of India.jpeg|60px]]
|Karnataka Bronzeware
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830998 - Handicrafts of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Madhalam|Maddalam of Palakkad]]
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 831001 - Handicrafts of India.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Sikki grass craft|Sikki Grass Products of Bihar]]
|500 p
|-
|*
| colspan="3" |Indian Fashion Through the Ages: Series 1
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |52
| rowspan="4" |31 December 2018
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830992 - Indian Fashion Through the Centuries.jpeg|60px]]
|Mughal period
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830993 - Indian Fashion Through the Centuries.jpeg|60px]]
|Awadh period
|500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830994 - Indian Fashion Through the Centuries.jpeg|60px]]
|Harappa & Mohenjo-daro Maurya & Sunga period
|1500 p
|-
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 830995 - Indian Fashion Through the Centuries.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Princely state|Indian princely states]]
|1500 p
|}

== 2019 ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify" width="98%"
|-
! #
! Issue date
! Image
! Description
! Denomination
|-
| 1
| 24 January 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 837144 - Central Institute of Plastics Engineering - Technology CIPE.jpeg|60px]]
| Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology
| 41.00
|-
| 2
| 25 January 2019
| [[File:Mahamati Prannath 2019 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| [[Pranami Sampradaya|Mahamati Prannath]]
| 5.00
|-
| 3
| 30 January 2019
| [[File:Financial Inclusion 2019 stamp of India.png|60px]]
| Financial Inclusion
| 5.00
|-
| 4
| 2 February 2019
| [[File:Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj 2019 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| [[Prayag Kumbh Mela|Kumbh Mela, Prayagraj]]
| 5.00
|-
| 5
| 19 February 2019
| [[File:IIT (BHU) 2019 stamps of India.png|60px]]
| [[IIT (BHU) Varanasi|IIT(BHU)]]
| 5.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[List of Aero India editions#12th edition (2019)|Aero India - 2019]] (set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 6
| rowspan="2" | 23 February 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 849698 - Commercial Aircraft.jpeg|60px]]
| Aero India - 2019
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Aero India India 2019 stamp of India (Rs. 25).png|60px]]
| Aero India - 2019
| 25.00
|-
| 7
| 6 March 2019
| [[File:Ram Chand Paul 2019 stamp of India.png|60px]]
| Ram Chand Paul
| 5.00
|-
| 8
| 9 March 2019
| [[File:Kuber Nath Rai 2019 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| [[Kuber Nath Rai]]
| 5.00
|-
| 9
| 12 April 2019
| [[File:Punjab National Bank 2019 stamps of India.png|60px]]
| [[Punjab National Bank]]
| 5.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" |100 Years Of [[Jallianwala Bagh Massacre]] (set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 10
| rowspan="2" | 13 April 2019
| [[File:Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 2019 stamps of India (Rs.25).png|60px]]
| 100 Years Of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
| 25.00
|-
| [[File:Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 2019 stamps of India (Rs.5).png|60px]]
| 100 Years Of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
| 5.00
|-
| 11
| 2 May 2019
| [[File:Vedanta Desika 2019 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
| [[Vedanta Desika|Vedanta Desikan]]
| 5.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indian Fashion-Sari in myriad forms: Series 2 (set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 12
| rowspan="4" | 12 June 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 871337 - Brahmika Sari.jpeg|60px]]
| Brahmika Sari
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 871338 - Pathare Prabu.jpeg|60px]]
| Pathare Prabhu
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 871340 - Silver Screen.jpeg|60px]]
| Silver Screen
| 12.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 871339 - Traditional Parsi Attire.jpeg|60px]]
| Traditional Parsi Attire
| 12.00
|-
| rowspan="2" | 13
| rowspan="2" | 17 June 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 871344 - Ahimsa Paramo Dharma - Nonviolence the Highest Duty.jpeg|60px]]
| Ahimso Parmo Dharma
| 15.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 871343 - Ahimsa Paramo Dharma - Nonviolence the Highest Duty.jpeg|60px]]
| Ahimso Parmo Dharma
| 15.00
|-
| 14
| 6 July 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 875901 - 75th Anniversary of Fakir Mohan College Balasore.jpeg|60px]]
| Fakir Mohan College, Balasore
| 500 p
|-
| rowspan="2" | 15
| rowspan="2" | 30 July 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 882633 - Joint Issue with South Korea.jpeg|60px]]
| India-Korea Joint Issue - Queen Heo
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 882634 - Joint Issue with South Korea.jpeg|60px]]
| India-Korea Joint Issue - Princess Suriratna
| 2500 p
|-
| rowspan="4" | 16
| rowspan="4" | 1 August 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883001 - Sandalwood Perfume in Bottle.jpeg|60px]]
| Indian perfumes - [[Sandalwood]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883002 - Sandalwood Plant.jpeg|60px]]
| Indian perfumes - [[Sandalwood]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883003 - Jasmine Essential Oil.jpeg|60px]]
| Indian perfumes - [[Jasmine]]
| 2500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883004 - Jasmine Flower and Bottle.jpeg|60px]]
| Indian perfumes - [[Jasmine]]
| 2500p
|-
| rowspan="2" | 17
| rowspan="2" | 15 August 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887222 - Statue of Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhian Heritage in Modern India
| 1500p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887223 - Statue of Gandhi.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhian Heritage in Modern India
| 2500p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indians in First World War (set of 3 MS)
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 18
| rowspan="12" | 20 August 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887097 - Lt Indra Lal Roy.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Indra Lal Roy]]
| 15.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887095 - Lt HS Malik.jpeg|60px]]
| Lt HS Malik
| 15.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887096 - Lt S C Wellingkar.jpeg|60px]]
| Lt S C Wellingkar
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887098 - Lt E S Chunder Sen.jpeg|60px]]
| Lt E S Chunder Sen
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887099 - India Gate Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
| [[India Gate]]
| 10.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887100 - Teen Murti Haifa Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
| Teen Murti Haifa Delhi
| 10.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887101 - Menin Gate Memorial Belgium.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Menin Gate]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887102 - Chattri Memorial Brighton UK.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Chattri, Brighton]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887103 - Neuve Chapelle Memorial France.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Neuve-Chapelle Indian Memorial|Neuve Chapelle Memorial France]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887104 - Indian Military Memorial France.jpeg|60px]]
| Indian Military Memorial France
| 10.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887574 - Mesopotamia.jpeg|60px]]
| Mesopotamia
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 887575 - France - Belgium.jpeg|60px]]
| France - Belgium
| 5.00
|-
| 19
| 24 August 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 888925 - Calavala Cunnan Chetty Philanthropist.jpeg|60px]]
| Calavala Cunnan Chetty
| 500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Master Healers of AYUSH (set of 12 stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 20
| rowspan="12" | 30 August 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889832 - Dinshaw Mehta.jpeg|60px]]
| Dinshaw Mehta
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889833 - Bhaskar Vishwanath Gokhale.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Bhaskar Vishwananth Ghokale]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889834 - Brihaspati Dev Triguna.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Brihaspati Dev Triguna]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889835 - Swami Kuvalayananda.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Swami Kuvalayananda]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889836 - Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889837 - Shastri Shankar Daji Pade.jpeg|60px]]
| Shastri Shankar Daji Pade
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889838 - KG Saxena.jpeg|60px]]
| KG Saxena
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889839 - TV Sambasivam Pillai.jpeg|60px]]
| [[T. V. Sambasivam Pillai]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889840 - Muhammad Abdul Aziz Lakhnawi.jpeg|60px]]
| Muhammad Abdul Aziz Lakhnawi
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889841 - K Raghavan Thirumulpad.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Raghavan Thirumulpad|K. Raghavan Thirumulpad]]
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889842 - Yadav Ji Trikam Ji Acharya.jpeg|60px]]
| Yadav Ji Trikam Ji Acharya
| 5.00
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 889843 - Muhammad Kabiruddin.jpeg|60px]]
| Muhammad Kabiruddin
| 5.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indian Fashion Series: 3 (set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 21
| rowspan="4" | 6 September 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 892518 - Fashion Designer.jpeg|60px]]
| Fashion Designer
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 892519 - Fashion Show.jpeg|60px]]
| Fashion Show
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 892516 - Costume Designing.jpeg|60px]]
| Costume Designing
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 892517 - Mass Production.jpeg|60px]]
| Mass Production
| 1000 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi (set of 6 Stamps)<ref>{{cite web |title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi Inaugurates Swachh Bharat Diwas 2019 Pays homage to Mahatma Gandhi at Sabarmati Ashram Unveils Postal Stamp and Silver Coin based on Mahatma Gandhi’s life Interacts with children and volunteers at Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1587008&reg=3&lang=2 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=6 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New Commemorative Rs 150 Coin On Mahatma Gandhi's 150th Anniversary |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mahatma-gandhis-150th-birth-anniversary-prime-minister-narendra-modi-releases-commemorative-stamps-r-2110952 |access-date=6 March 2026 |agency=ndtv.com |date=3 October 2019}}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 22
| rowspan="6" | 2 October 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 899980 - Gandhi as a Child.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhi as a Child
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 899981 - Gandhi as a Student.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhi as a Student
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 899982 - Gandhi with Wife.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhi with Wife
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 899983 - Gandhi with Spinning Wheel.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhi with Spinning Wheel
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 899984 - Gandhi in Later Years.jpeg|60px]]
| Gandhi in Later Years
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 899985 - See No Evil Hear No Evil Speak No Evil.jpeg|60px]]
| See No Evil Hear No Evil Speak No Evil
| 2500 p
|-
| 23
| 06 October 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 904057 - Centenary of Newspaper - Samaja.jpeg|60px]]
| [[The Samaja]]
| 500 p
|-
| 24
| 09 October 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 902683 - Arjan Singh Marshal of Indian Air Force.jpeg|60px]]
| Marshal of The Indian Air Force Arjan Singh DFC
| 500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indian Perfumes: (set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 25
| rowspan="4" | 15 October 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883001 - Sandalwood Perfume in Bottle.jpeg|60px]]
| Sandalwood Perfume in Bottle
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883002 - Sandalwood Plant.jpeg|60px]]
| Sandalwood Plant
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883003 - Jasmine Essential Oil.jpeg|60px]]
| Jasmine Essential Oil
| 2500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 883004 - Jasmine Flower and Bottle.jpeg|60px]]
| Jasmine Flower and Bottle
| 2500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Historic Gates of Indian Forts and Monuments: (set of 8 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 26
| rowspan="8" | 19 October 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906370 - Buland Darwaza Fathepur Sikri.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Buland Darwaza]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]]
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906371 - Kote Gate Bikaner.jpeg|60px]]
| Kote Gate, Bikaner
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906372 - Jorawar Singh Gate Jaipur.jpeg|60px]]
| Jorawar Singh Gate, Jaipur
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906373 - Sardar Market Gate Jodhpur.jpeg|60px]]
| Sardar Market Gate, Jodhpur
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906374 - Kashmere Gate Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Kashmiri Gate, Delhi]]
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906375 - Roomi Darwaza Lucknow.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Rumi Darwaza]], Lucknow
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906376 - Magazine Gate Ajmer.jpeg|60px]]
| Magazine Gate, Ajmer
| 500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 906377 - Delhi Gate Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Delhi Gate, Delhi]]
| 1000 p
|-
|27
|25 October 2019
|[[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 909069 - Siachen Glacier.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Siachen Glacier]]
|500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | 550th Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev Ji: (set of 5 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 28
| rowspan="5" | 9 November 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 914122 - Gurdwara Nanak Lama Sahib Chungthang.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Gurdwara Nanaklama|Gurdwara Nanak Lama Sahib Chungthang]]
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 914123 - Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Dera Baba Nanak.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Dera Baba Nanak|Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Dera Baba Nanak]]
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 914124 - Gurdwara Janam Asthan Nankana Sahib Pakistan.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Gurdwara Janam Asthan|Gurdwara Janam Asthan Nankana Sahib, Pakistan]]
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 914126 - Gurdwara Nanak Jhira Sahib Bidar.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Guru Nanak Jhira Sahib|Guru Nanak Jhira Sahib, Bider]]
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 914125 - Gurdwara Ber Sahib Sultanpur Lothi.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Sacred trees in Sikhism#Ber at Sultanpur Lodhi|Gurdwara Ber Sahib Sultanpur Lothi]]
| 1500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Children's Day: (set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 29
| rowspan="2" | 14 November 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 915125 - Children s Day 2019.jpeg|60px]]
| Child Rights
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 915126 - Children s Day 2019.jpeg|60px]]
| Child Rights
| 1500 p
|-
| 30
| 22 November 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 918652 - MM Kuzhiveli Educator and Author.jpeg|60px]]
| [[Mathew M. Kuzhiveli]]
| 500 p
|-
| 31
| 26 November 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 919619 - 250th Session of the Rajya Sabha Upper House of Parliament.jpeg|60px]]
| 250th Rajya Sabha Session
| 500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Char Dham, Uttarakhand: (set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 32
| rowspan="4" | 29 November 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 920083 - Yamunotri Shrine.jpeg|60px]]
| Yamunotri Shrine
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 920084 - Gangotri Shrine.jpeg|60px]]
| Gangotri Shrine
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 920085 - Kedarnath Shrine.jpeg|60px]]
| Kedarnath Shrine
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 920086 - Badrinath Shrine.jpeg|60px]]
| Badrinath Shrine
| 1500 p
|-
| 33
| 14 December 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 923934 - Force Multiplier For Indian Armed Forces.jpeg|60px]]
| The Force Multiplier
| 500 p
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Embroideries of India: (set of 12 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 32
| rowspan="12" | 19 December 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924645 - Phulkari Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Phulkari Embroidery
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924646 - Kutch Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Kutch Embroidery
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924647 - Kasuti Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Kasuti Embroidery
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924648 - Chicankari Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Chicankari Embroidery
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924649 - Toda Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Toda Embroidery
| 1000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924650 - Kamal Kadhai Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Kamal Kadhai Embroidery
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924651 - Kantha Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Kantha Embroidery
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924652 - Kashmiri Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Kashmiri Embroidery
| 1500 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924653 - Chamba Rumal Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Chamba Rumal Embroidery
| 2000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924654 - Shamilani Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Shamilani Embroidery
| 2000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924655 - Sujani Embroidery.jpeg|60px]]
| Sujani Embroidery
| 2000 p
|-
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 924656 - Applique.jpeg|60px]]
| Applique
| 2000 p
|-
| 35
| 26 December 2019
| [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 928045 - Directorate of Revenue Intelligence.jpeg|60px]]
| Directorate of Revenue Intelligence
| 500 p
|}

== 2020 ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify" width="98%"
|-
! #
! Issue date
! Image
! Description
! Denomination
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Indian Fashion - Designers' Creations: Series 4, (Set of 9 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1
| rowspan="9"| 14 January 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932820 - Vastra.jpeg|40px]]
|| Vastra
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932821 - Indica Emporia.jpeg|40px]]
|| Indica Emporia
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932819 - Classic Jalabiya.jpeg|40px]]
|| Classic Jalabiya
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932818 - The Ambika Jacket.jpg|40px]]
|| The Ambika Jacket
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932817 - Varanasi Weaves.jpeg|40px]]
|| Varanasi Weaves
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932816 - Embellishment.jpeg|40px]]
|| Embellishment
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932815 - Mystical Indian.jpeg|40px]]
|| Mystical Indian
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932814 - Timeless.jpeg|40px]]
|| Timeless
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 932813 - Flared Sherwani.jpeg|40px]]
|| Flared Shervani
|| 05.00
|-
| 2
|| 22 January 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 935860 - Centenary of the International Labour Organization in 2019.jpeg|60px]]
|| 100 Years of [[International Labour Organization]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Praises, Promises and a Postal Stamp! |url=https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/praises-promises-and-postal-stamp |website=www.ilo.org |publisher=International Labour Organisation |access-date=7 November 2025 |archive-date=23 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251223014229/https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/praises-promises-and-postal-stamp |url-status=live }}</ref>
|| 05.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[Constitution of India]], (Set of 2 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 3
| rowspan="2"| 26 January 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 938494 - Constitution of India - Ashoka Pillar.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Constitution of India]] - [[Ashoka Pillar]]
|| 10.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 938495 - Constitution of India - Politicians at table.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Constitution of India]] - Politicians at Table
|| 10.00
|-
| 4
|| 12 February 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 942482 - Bicentenary of the Fourth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.jpeg|60px]]
|| 4th Battalion(Outram's) [[The Rajputana Rifles]]
|| 05.00
|-
| 15
|| 17 February 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 942766 - Centenary of city of Jamshedpur.jpeg|60px]]
|| Industrial City: [[Jamshedpur]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Vice President of India releases commemorative postal stamp and coffee table book to commemorate 100 years of Jamshedpur |url=https://www.tatasteel.com/newsroom/press-releases/india/2020/vice-president-of-india-releases-commemorative-postal-stamp-and-coffee-table-book-to-commemorate-100-years-of-jamshedpur/ |website=tatasteel.com |access-date=26 February 2026 |archive-date=5 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805100235/https://www.tatasteel.com/newsroom/press-releases/india/2020/vice-president-of-india-releases-commemorative-postal-stamp-and-coffee-table-book-to-commemorate-100-years-of-jamshedpur/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|| 05.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] - II, (Set of 5 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 6
| rowspan="5"| 16 March 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 949264 - Great Himalayan National Park.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Great Himalayan National Park]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 949263 - Manas Wildlife Sanctuary.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Manas National Park]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 949265 - Nanda Devi - Valley of Flowers National Parks.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks]]
|| 12.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 949266 - Nanda Devi - Valley of Flowers National Parks.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks]]
|| 12.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 949267 - The Western Ghats.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Western Ghats]]
|| 12.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Musical Instruments of Wandering Minstrels - II, (Set of 6 [[Se-tenant (philately)|Se-tenant]] Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 7
| rowspan="6"| 25 June 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 971681 - Algoza - Player.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Algoza]]
|| 05.00 each
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 971670 - Burrakatha Dakki - Player.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Burrakatha]] Dakki
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 971664 - Ektara - Player.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Ektara]]
|| 05.00 each
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 971675 - Kamaicha - Player.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Kamaicha]]
|| 05.00 each
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 971669 - Ravanhatha - Player.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Ravanahatha]]
|| 05.00 each
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 971676 - Surando - Player.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Surando]]
|| 05.00 each
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Terracotta Temples of India, (Set of 7 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 8
| rowspan="7"| 8 August 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982261 - Madan Mohan Temple Bishnupur.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Madan Mohan Temple, Bishnupur]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982266 - Nemya Khera Temple.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Nebiya Khera Temple, Bhadwara]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982265 - Lakshman Temple Sirpur.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Lakshman Temple, Sirpur]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982264 - Lalji Temple Kalna.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Lalji Temple, Kalna]]
|| 12.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982263 - Shyamrai Temple Bishnupur.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Shyam Rai Temple, Bishnupur]]
|| 12.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982262 - Jor Bangla Temple Bishnupur.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Jor Bangla Temple, Bishnupur]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 982260 - Indralath Temple Ranipur Jharial.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Indralath Temple, Ranipur Jharial]]
|| 05.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | [[UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India]] -III Cultural Sites, (Set of 5 Stamps)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=India Post issued stamps on UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/india-post-issued-stamps-on-unesco-world-heritage-sites-in-india/ |access-date=5 March 2026 |agency=Adda 24 x 7 |archive-date=8 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251008105102/https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/india-post-issued-stamps-on-unesco-world-heritage-sites-in-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 9
| rowspan="5"| 15 August 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 984038 - Qutb Minar Delhi.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Qutb Minar complex|Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 984037 - Javari Temple Khajuraho.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Javari Temple, Khajuraho|Khajooraho group of Monuments, Javari Temple]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 984036 - Pattadakal Monuments.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Pattadakal|Group of Monuments at Pattadakal]]
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 984035 - Churches and Convents of Goa.jpeg|60px]]
|| Churches and Convents of Goa - Church of Bom Jejus
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 984034 - Sarkhej Roza Historic City of Ahmedabad.jpeg|60px]]
|| Historic City of Ahmadabad - [[Sarkhej Roza]]
|| 05.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], (Set of 4 Stamps)
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 10
| rowspan="4"| 2 October 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 996655 - Self Reliance.jpeg|60px]]
|| Self Reliance
|| 15.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 996653 - Health and Nature Cure.jpeg|60px]]
|| Health and Nature Cure
|| 05.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 996656 - Nai Talim - Education For All.jpeg|60px]]
|| Experiments in Education - Nai Talim
|| 25.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 996654 - Ecology and Environment.jpeg|60px]]
|| Ecology and Environment
|| 05.00
|-
| 11
|| 23 October 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1004893 - United Nations 75th Anniversary.jpeg|60px]]
|| 75 Years of the [[United Nations]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Release of Commemorative Postage Stamp on 75th Anniversary of United Nations |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33135/Release_of_Commemorative_Postage_Stamp_on_75th_Anniversary_of_United_Nations |website=mea.gov.in |access-date=26 February 2026 |archive-date=2 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402123325/https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33135/Release_of_Commemorative_Postage_Stamp_on_75th_Anniversary_of_United_Nations |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EAM’s Remarks at the Release of Commemorative Postage Stamp on 75th Anniversary of United Nations |url=https://www.indembassysweden.gov.in/section/press-releases/eam-s-remarks-at-the-release-of-commemorative-postage-stamp-on-75th-anniversary-of-united-nations/ |website=indembassysweden.gov.in |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Virtual Philately Exhibition Showcasing seven decades of India-UN Postal History unveiled on the 75th Anniversary of the United Nations |url=https://india.un.org/en/163418-virtual-philately-exhibition-showcasing-seven-decades-india-un-postal-history-unveiled-75th?afd_azwaf_tok=eyJraWQiOiI5QTRCQTUxN0M0RDMyRjRFQzczQTUxNDFDNTM0REMzQ0U0MTAyMzlEOTExM0ZEQjdCOEY1NDZEODc1NTdBNjY5IiwiYWxnIjoiUlMyNTYifQ.eyJhdWQiOiJpbmRpYS51bi5vcmciLCJleHAiOjE3NzIxMjE0MDksImlhdCI6MTc3MjEyMTM5OSwiaXNzIjoidGllcjEtNTg4ZGY1YmY2Yi1zNGRneCIsInN1YiI6IjUyNDo1MDI6MmNjODoxZjU3OmZhZWM6YWRiMDo0MmVlOmEyODkiLCJkYXRhIjp7InR5cGUiOiJpc3N1ZWQiLCJyZWYiOiIyMDI2MDIyNlQxNTU2MzlaLTE1ODhkZjViZjZiczRkZ3hoQzFCT001YXhnMDAwMDAwMDZiMDAwMDAwMDAwc3J0YiIsImIiOiJGd1dIVDItVXY0Q1FwMjhvWkQzU2xlbmVRYlpEZEQ3aV9Cd0lGaldvZDRRIiwiaCI6IjdJa3VRNFBaRXdLY1VnWG9yb3VUN3JQNzY5SlV0Y05uUVhRVUtsRVZrZEkifX0.NdwzqlFxpGKOTldDeFEXZmlfOIJ7JTMN0G16tY72g_iUX0IuDMT-oAhq5vk0089Ev4bZfLp811nQx1RtOAPODcOVE66SJ3xBcvSlg83JdhQSyBPoJVoDIyv8cKkOCGBcNLFbmoUsfwp45A98Ahu0YdpnaWJcZNFoTFCwyCf1AkQJsgaUC9nJMEVRPSmzIRLk6nF0dy5Lg7av48MubmemELnj54zutTOEmegY8GN6Q_VjA6BdAHfeOc_uYgY91-172oof6_OQlNv_CBGeHKdbFq3gCy0o6tK1FAdDK-ZsumH8CjHuwh4OU0HHIJi0C0HsNuXqRJtv9fJfuQxIRRIwGg.WF3obl2IDtqgvMFRqVdYkD5s |website=india.un.org |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref>
|| 05.00
|-
| 12
|| 4 December 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1022756 - IK Gujral Former Prime Minister.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Inder Kumar Gujral|I.K.Gujral]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Vice President releases commemorative postage stamp in honour of late Prime Minister, Shri I K Gujral |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1678260&reg=3&lang=2 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=V. Naidu virtually releases postage stamp in former PM IK Gujral’s honour |url=https://www.ap7am.com/pn/3544/vice-president-releases-commemorative-postage-stamp-in-honour-of-late-prime-minister-i-k-gujral |access-date=3 March 2026 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vice President releases commemorative postage stamp in honour of late Prime Minister, I K Gujral |url=https://www.ap7am.com/pn/3544/vice-president-releases-commemorative-postage-stamp-in-honour-of-late-prime-minister-i-k-gujral |access-date=3 March 2026 |agency=ap7am.com}}</ref>
|| 05.00
|-
| 13
|| 17 December 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1027755 - Mujibur Rahman First President of Bangladesh Centenary.jpeg|60px]]
|| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
|| 05.00
|-
| *
| colspan="3" | Salute to Covid-19 Warriors (Set of 4 Stamps)<ref>{{cite web |title=Covid Warriors Commemorated on Indian Stamps |url=https://www.mintageworld.com/media/detail/13570-covid-warriors-commemorated-on-indian-stamps/ |website=Mintage World |access-date=19 February 2026 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117060143/https://www.mintageworld.com/media/detail/13570-covid-warriors-commemorated-on-indian-stamps/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 14
| rowspan="4"| 24 December 2020
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1029226 - Tribute to COVID 19 Warriors.jpeg|60px]]
|| Salute to Covid-19 Warriors
|| 10.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1029227 - Tribute to COVID 19 Warriors.jpeg|60px]]
|| Salute to Covid-19 Warriors
|| 10.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1029228 - Tribute to COVID 19 Warriors.jpeg|60px]]
|| Salute to Covid-19 Warriors
|| 10.00
|-
|| [[File:Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 1029229 - Tribute to COVID 19 Warriors.jpeg|60px]]
|| Salute to Covid-19 Warriors
|| 10.00
|-
| 15
|| 27 December 2020
|| [[File:Manikchand Vajpayee 2020 stamp of India.jpg|60px]]
|| [[Manikchandra Vajpayee]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Manikchandra Vajpayee National Journalism Award Will Be Resumed : CM Chouhan |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/manikchandra-vajpayee-national-journalism-award-will-be-resumed-cm-chouhan/ |publisher=India Education Diary |date=28 December 2020 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=2 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121195125/https://indiaeducationdiary.in/manikchandra-vajpayee-national-journalism-award-will-be-resumed-cm-chouhan/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Postage Stamp To Be Released On December 27 On Birth Centenary Year Of Renowned Journalist Late Mama Manikchandra Vajpayee |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/postage-stamp-to-be-released-on-december-27-on-birth-centenary-year-of-renowned-journalist-late-mama-manikchandra-vajpayee/ |publisher=India Education Diary |date=27 December 2020}}</ref>
|| 05.00
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |last=Jain |first=Manik|title=Phila India Stamp Guide Book (1800-2017) |pages=254–266 |edition=19th |year=2017 |publisher=Philatelia |location=Kolkata}}

==External links==
* [http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps.aspx Catalogue of Indian Postage Stamps]

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of postage stamps of India (2016-2020)}}
[[Category:Postage stamps of India]]
[[Category:Lists of postage stamps|India]]

2021–22 Indian State Leagues

2026-05-02T09:08:52Z

Ovfanclub786: created some pg v1

{{Short description|2021–22 season in state football leagues of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| image =
| pixels =
| caption =
| competition = [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues in India]]
| season = [[2021–22 in Indian football|2021–22]]
| prevseason = [[2020–21 Indian State Leagues|2020–21]]
| nextseason = [[2022–23 Indian State Leagues|2022–23]]
}}

The '''2021–22 Indian State Leagues''' season represented a series of highest state-level [[association football|football]] tournaments played as qualifiers to determine teams for the [[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23 season]] of [[I-League 2]].

The leagues were supposed to be completed before the next season starts, so [[List of Indian state football associations|state football associations]] can nominate the teams available for promotion.

==Overview==
{| class="wikitable"
! No.
! State
! League
! Total teams
! Champions
! Runners-up
! Provisionally eligible IL2 teams
|-
| 1
| [[Bihar]]
| [[2021 Bihar State Soccer League|Bihar State Soccer League]]
| 8
| [[Shirsh Bihar United FC]]
|
|
*[[Shirsh Bihar United FC]]
|-
| 2
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Chhattisgarh State Men's Football League Championship]]
| 8
| [[RKM Football Academy]]
| [[Rajhara Mines FC]]
|
*[[RKM Football Academy]]
|-
| 3
| [[Delhi]]
| [[2021–22 FD Senior Division|Delhi Premier League]]
| 10
| [[Delhi FC]]
| [[Hindustan FC]]
|
*[[Delhi FC]]
*[[Hindustan FC]]
|-
| 4
| [[Goa]]
| [[2021–22 Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]
| 12
| [[Dempo SC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/dempo-end-decade-long-wait-for-state-league-title/articleshow/91241958.cms|title=Dempo end decade-long wait for state league title|date=1 May 2022|access-date=8 May 2022|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|location=Mapusa, Goa|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502090239/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/dempo-end-decade-long-wait-for-state-league-title/articleshow/91241958.cms|archive-date=2 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]
|
*[[Dempo SC]]
*[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]
|-
| 5
| [[Gujarat]]
| [[Gujarat SFA Club Championship]]
| 17
| [[ARA FC]]
| [[RBI FC]]
|
*[[ARA FC]]
|-
| 6
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| [[2022 Himachal Football League|Himachal Football League]]
| 9
| [[Techtro Swades United FC]]
| [[Khad FC]]
|
*[[Techtro Swades United FC]]
*[[Khad FC]]
|-
| 7
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[J&K Premier Football League]]
| 16
| [[Kashmir Avengers FC]]
| [[J&K Bank Football Club]]
|
*[[Kashmir Avengers FC]]
|-
| 8
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[2021–22 Bangalore Super Division|Bangalore Super Division]]
| 15
| [[FC Bengaluru United]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/football/fc-bengaluru-united-retain-bdfa-super-division-league-title-28055|title=FC Bengaluru United retain BDFA Super Division League title|publisher=The Bridge|date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
| [[Kickstart FC]]
|
*[[FC Bengaluru United]]
*[[Kickstart FC]]
|-
| 9
| [[Kerala]]
| [[2021–22 Kerala Premier League|Kerala Premier League]]
| 22
|[[Golden Threads FC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/football/golden-threads-bags-the-kerala-premier-league-title-by-defeating-kseb-1.7424844|title=Golden Threads bags Kerala Premier League title by defeating KSEB|publisher=Mathrubhumi English|date=11 April 2022}}</ref>
| [[Kerala State Electricity Board|KSEB]] FC
|
*[[Golden Threads FC]]
*[[Basco Othukkungal|BASCO]]
|-
| 10
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[2021–22 Madhya Pradesh Premier League|Madhya Pradesh Premier League]]
| 11
| [[MP Eagles FC]]
| [[Sehore Boys FC]]
|
*[[MP Eagles FC]]
*[[Sehore Boys FC]]
|-
|11
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[2021–22 MFA Elite Division|MFA Elite Division]]
| 18
| [[Ambernath United Atlanta FC]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dias |first1=Anil |title=15 games, 15 wins and 71 goals: Here's how this Mumbai football team is ruling the Elite Premier League |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/15-games-15-wins-and-71-goals-heres-how-this-mumbai-football-team-is-ruling-the-elite-premier-league |website=Free Press Journal |access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref>
|[[Karnataka Sports Association]]
|
*[[Ambernath United Atlanta FC]]
*[[Karnataka Sports Association]]
|-
| 12
| [[Manipur]]
| [[2021 Manipur State League|Manipur State League]]
| 17
| [[KLASA FC]]
| [[Southern Sporting Union]]
|
*[[KLASA FC]]
*[[Southern Sporting Union]]
|-
|13
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[Shillong Premier League]]
|8
|Mawlai SC
|[[Langsning SC]]
|
*Mawlai SC
*[[Langsning SC]]
|-
| 14
| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| [[Punjab State Super Football League]]
| 11
| [[Border Security Force Sporting Club|BSF FC]]
| [[Jagat Singh Palahi FA]]
|
*[[Jagat Singh Palahi FA]]
*[[Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib FA]]
|-
| 15
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[2021–22 Chennai Senior Division|Chennai Football League]]
| 10
| [[Viva Chennai FC]]
| [[Swaraj FC]]
|
*[[Viva Chennai FC]]
*[[Swaraj FC]]
|-
| 16
| [[Tripura]]
| [[Chandra Memorial League]]
| 10
| [[Forward Club]]
| Ageya Chalo Sangha
|
*[[Forward Club]]
*Ageya Chalo Sangha
|-
| 17
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Lucknow Super Division]]
| 19
| [[Techtro Lucknow FC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CVsqKwIBbOS/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=|title=Techtro Lucknow FC are crowned as champions of 2021 Lucknow District League|publisher=Techtro Lucknow FC|date=31 October 2022}}</ref>
| [[Sunrise FC]]
|
*[[Techtro Lucknow FC]]
*[[Sunrise FC]]
|-
| 18
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[2021 CFL Premier Division|Calcutta Premier Division]]
| 14
| [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/indian-football/cfl-2021-22-final-preview-mohammedan-sc-vs-railway-fc|title=CFL 2021-22: Resurgent Mohammedan SC aim to end 40-year title drought in summit clash against Railway FC|publisher=Sportskeeda|date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
| [[Railway FC]]
|
*[[George Telegraph SC]]
*[[United SC]]
|}

==Confirmed nominees==
<onlyinclude>
The following clubs were confirmed by their state football associations for the [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022–23 season of I-League 2]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |State
! colspan="2" |Qualifying tournament
! rowspan="2" |Selected
! rowspan="2" |City
! rowspan="2" |Position
|-
!Name
!Season
|-
|1
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Chhattisgarh State Men's Football League Championship]]
|2021–22
|[[RKM Football Academy|RKM FA]]
|[[Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh|Narainpur]]
|Champions
|-
|2
|[[Delhi]]
|[[Delhi Football League]]
|[[2021–22 FD Senior Division|2021–22]]
|[[Delhi FC]]
|[[New Delhi]]
|Champions
|-
|3
|[[Goa]]
|[[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]
|[[2021–22 Goa Professional League|2021–22]]
|[[Dempo SC]]
|[[Panjim]]
|Champions<ref>{{cite web|title=Dempo prepare for comeback with Second Division I-League|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/dempo-prepare-for-comeback-with-second-division-i-league/articleshow/96948463.cms|access-date=2023-01-13|website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|4
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Gujarat SFA Club Championship]]
|2021–22
|[[ARA FC]]
|[[Ahmedabad]]
|Runners-up
|-
|5
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|[[Himachal Football League]]
|[[2022 Himachal Football League|2022]]
|[[Techtro Swades United FC]]
|[[Una, Himachal Pradesh|Una]]
|Champions
|-
|6
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Bangalore Football League]]
|[[2021–22 Bangalore Super Division|2021–22]]
|[[FC Bengaluru United]]
|[[Bengaluru]]
|Champions
|-
|7
|[[Kerala]]
|[[Kerala Premier League]]
|[[2021–22 Kerala Premier League|2021–22]]
|[[Golden Threads FC]]
|[[Kochi]]
|Champions
|-
|8
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh Premier League]]
|[[2021–22 Madhya Pradesh Premier League|2021–22]]
|[[The Diamond Rock FC]]
|[[Balaghat]]
|3rd place
|-
|9
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Mumbai Football League]]
|[[2021–22 MFA Elite Division|2021–22]]
|[[Ambernath United Atlanta FC]]
|[[Ambernath]]
|Champions
|-
|10
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|[[Punjab State Super Football League]]
|[[2021–22 Punjab State Super Football League|2021–22]]
|[[Jagat Singh Palahi FC]]
|[[Phagwara]]
|3rd place
|-
|11
|[[West Bengal]]
|[[Calcutta Football League]]
|[[2021 CFL Premier Division|2021–22]]
|[[United SC]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|Semi-finalist
|}

The following clubs were not allowed to participate by the state football associations for the [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022–23 season of I-League 2]].
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |State
! colspan="2" |Qualifying tournament
! rowspan="2" |Selected
! rowspan="2" |City
! rowspan="2" |Position
|-
!Name
!Season
|-
|1
|[[Manipur]]
|[[Manipur State League ]]
|2021–22
|[[KLASA FC]]
|[[Bishnupur district|Bishnupur]]
|Champions
|}</onlyinclude>

==Northeastern leagues==
===Manipur===
{{main|2021 Manipur State League}}
====Knockout stage====
{{:2021 Manipur State League|section=Bracket}}
===Meghalaya===
2022 [[Shillong Premier League]]
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=complete
|source= [https://shillongtoday.com/mawkhar-fight-back-to-snatch-point-vs-nangkiew-shillong-premier-league/ Shillong Daily]

|team1=MAW
|team2=LAN
|team3=RAN
|team4=SHI
|team5=RYN
|team6=NAN
|team7=MAL
|team8=MKR

|result1=C |result2=Q |result8=R





|win_MAW = 11| draw_MAW = 2| loss_MAW = 1| gf_MAW = 33| ga_MAW = 8|status_MAW = C
|win_LAN = 7| draw_LAN = 5| loss_LAN = 2| gf_LAN = 29| ga_LAN = 14|status_LAN = Q
|win_RAN = 7| draw_RAN = 5| loss_RAN = 2| gf_RAN = 21| ga_RAN = 9
|win_SHI = 5| draw_SHI = 2| loss_SHI = 7| gf_SHI = 17| ga_SHI = 16
|win_RYN = 5| draw_RYN = 2| loss_RYN = 7| gf_RYN = 22| ga_RYN = 28
|win_NAN = 4| draw_NAN = 5| loss_NAN = 5| gf_NAN = 20| ga_NAN = 25
|win_MAL = 3| draw_MAL = 1| loss_MAL = 10| gf_MAL = 11| ga_MAL = 39|status_MAL =
|win_MKR = 1| draw_MKR = 4| loss_MKR = 9| gf_MKR = 9| ga_MKR = 23|status_MKR = R



|name_MAW = Mawlai
|name_LAN = [[Langsning SC]]
|name_RAN = [[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]]
|name_SHI = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
|name_RYN = [[Ryntih FC|Ryntih]]
|name_NAN = Nangkiew Irat
|name_MAL = Malki
|name_MKR = Mawkhar


|show_limit=5
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored
|res_col_header=QR
|col_C=green1 |text_C=Champions and possible qualification for [[2022–23 I-League 2]]
|col_Q=yellow1 |text_Q=Possible qualification for [[2022–23 I-League 2]]
|col_R=red1 |text_R=Relegated to First Division League
}}

==Northern leagues==
===Delhi===
{{main|2021–22 FD Senior Division}}
{{:2021–22 FD Senior Division|section=Premier League}}
===Himachal Pradesh===
{{main|2022 Himachal Football League}}
{{:2022 Himachal Football League|section=Regular season}}
===Madhya Pradesh===
{{main|2021–22 Madhya Pradesh Premier League}}
====Super four====
{{:2021–22 Madhya Pradesh Premier League|section=Super Four}}
===Punjab===
{{main|2021–22 Punjab State Super Football League}}
{{:2021–22 Punjab State Super Football League|section=Standings}}

==Eastern leagues==
===Bihar===
{{main|2021 Bihar State Soccer League}}
===West Bengal===
{{main|2021 CFL Premier Division}}
====Knockout stage====
{{:2021 CFL Premier Division|section=Knockout stage}}

==Western leagues==
===Goa===
{{main|2021–22 Goa Professional League}}
====Phase-1====
{{:2021–22 Goa Professional League|section=Standings}}
===Maharashtra===
{{main|2021–22 MFA Elite Division}}
{{:2021–22 MFA Elite Division|section=Standings}}

==Southern leagues==
===Karnataka===
{{main|2021–22 Bangalore Super Division}}
{{:2021–22 Bangalore Super Division|section=League table}}
===Kerala===
{{main|2021–22 Kerala Premier League}}
====Knockout stage====
{{4TeamBracket

| team-width = 190
| score-width = 40

| RD1-seed1 = A1
| RD1-team1 = [[Basco Othukkungal|BASCO]]
| RD1-score1 = 1
| RD1-seed2 = B2
| RD1-team2 = [[Kerala State Electricity Board|KSEB]]
| RD1-score2 = 2

| RD1 = [[#Semi-Finals|Semi-finals]]
| RD1-seed3 = B1
| RD1-team3 = [[Golden Threads F.C.|Golden Threads]]
| RD1-score3 = 1
| RD1-seed4 = A2
| RD1-team4 = Sports Academy Tirur
| RD1-score4 = 0

| RD2 = [[#Final|Final]]
| RD2-team1 = [[Kerala State Electricity Board|KSEB]]
| RD2-score1 =0
| RD2-team2 = [[Golden Threads F.C.|Golden Threads]]
| RD2-score2 =2
}}
===Tamil Nadu===
{{main|2021–22 Chennai Senior Division}}
{{:2021–22 Chennai Super Division|section=Regular season}}

==See also==
*[[2021–22 Indian Super League]]
*[[2021–22 I-League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2021–22 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2021-22 Indian State Leagues}}
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football leagues]]
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football]]

Kavya Trehan

2026-04-29T06:49:01Z

Ovfanclub786: New New Stub Basic Info!

{{Short description|Indian creative artist}}
'''Kavya Trehan''' is a creative artist from [[New Delhi]], known from her participation in the indie-pop duo Mosko and her appearance in various television and film shows.<ref>{{cite web |first=Anandita |last=Gupta |title=As HYPERREAL takes flight, The Royals gains ground, Kavya Trehan charts her own creative orbit |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/premium/as-hyperreal-takes-flight-the-royals-gains-ground-kavya-trehan-charts-her-own-creative-orbit/ |website=The Tribune |date=23 June 2025 |access-date=4 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Most notably she has featured in TV series ''[[The Royals (2025 TV series)|The Royals]]'', which premiered on [[Netflix]] in 2025.<ref name="FE">{{cite web |title=The Royals: Who is Kavya Trehan, the rising star who plays Ishaan Khatter's sister and Morpur’s Princess Divyaranijini? |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-the-royals-who-is-kavya-trehan-the-rising-star-who-plays-ishaan-khatters-sister-and-morpurs-princess-divyaranijini-3840530 |website=The Financial Express |access-date=4 March 2026 |language=en |date=11 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Raul |first1=Tejashree |title=ELLE Digital Cover Star: Tuning In With Kavya Trehan |url=https://elle.in/cover/elle-digital-cover-star-tuning-in-with-kavya-9497059 |website=Elle India |access-date=4 March 2026 |language=en |date=15 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Srishti |last=Pandey |title=The Royals: Meet Kavya Trehan aka Morpur’s princess Divyaranijini who plays Ishaan Khatter’s sister in the show |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/tv/the-royals-meet-kavya-trehan-aka-morpur-s-princess-divyaranijini-who-plays-ishaan-khatter-s-sister-in-the-show/ar-AA1Exeoo |website=www.msn.com |access-date=4 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Srishti |last=Pandey |title=The Royals: Meet Kavya Trehan aka Morpur’s princess Divyaranijini who plays Ishaan Khatter’s sister in the show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/updates/the-royals-meet-kavya-trehan-aka-morpurs-princess-divyaranijini-who-plays-ishaan-khatters-sister-in-the-show-1387065 |website=PINKVILLA |access-date=4 March 2026 |language=en |date=11 May 2025 |quote=Musician, theatre artist, and now Netflix royalty—Kavya Trehan brings charm and depth to her role as Princess Divyaranijini Singh in The Royals}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jain |first1=Rupam |title=I embrace a polyamorous relationship with industries: KAVYA |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2025/Apr/21/i-embrace-a-polyamorous-relationship-with-industries-kavya-trehan |website=Indulgexpress |access-date=4 March 2026 |language=en |date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

She studied drama at the [[National School of Drama]], and subsequently studied psychology at [[Lady Shri Ram College]].<ref name="FE"/> Her film appearances include [[Kaash (2015 film)|Kaash / If Only (2015)]], [[Hush Hush (TV series)|Hush Hush]], and [[Jugaadistan]],<ref name="FE"/> as well as the short films ''First Time'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web |title=First Time - An Award Winning Short Film on Arranged Marriages |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyBxcVbbs4E |website=www.youtube.com |access-date=4 March 2026 |date=26 December 2017}}</ref>{{better|date=March 2026}} and ''Shewolf'' (2021).<ref>{{cite web |title=Shewolf {{!}} Short Film Nominee {{!}} Shorted |url=https://shortedfilms.com/short-films/shewolf-wildlife-conservation/ |website=shortedfilms.com |access-date=4 March 2026 |language=en |date=8 September 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|7652045}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Trehan,Kavya}}
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]

{{India-stage-actor-stub}}
{{India-screen-actor-stub}}
{{India-musician-stub}}

Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing

2026-04-28T14:08:46Z

Ovfanclub786: new initial article w/ infobox...

{{Short description|Seniormost official of the Research & Analysis Wing}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Secretary, Research and Analysis Wing
| body = India
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| insigniasize = 100px
| insigniacaption = Emblem of India
| residence = Classified
| appointer = [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]]
| succession = 23rd {{small|(on the [[Indian order of precedence]])}}
| member_of = [[Strategic Policy Group]] [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council]]
| image = Parag Jain IPS.jpg
| incumbent = [[Parag Jain]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| incumbentsince = 1st July, 2025
| inaugural = [[R. N. Kao]]
| formation = 1968
| website = Classified
| reports_to = *[[Prime Minister of India]]
*[[National Security Advisor (India)| National Security Advisor]]
*[[Cabinet Secretary of India|Cabinet Secretary]]
| seat = Seva Teerth-2, [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]], [[New Delhi]]
| termlength = Typically 2 years, can be extended
| salary = {{INRConvert|225000}} monthly
| department = [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]] [[Research & Analysis Wing]]
| status = Head of R&AW
| native_name = ''सचिव, अनुसंधान एवं विश्लेषण विंग''
}}
{{Politics of India}}

The '''Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing''' or '''Secretary (Research)''' or '''Secretary (R)''' is the seniormost non-elected official of the [[Research & Analysis Wing]] (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency. The post is generally held by a senior officer from the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS). The Secretary R&AW reports directly to the [[Prime Minister of India]] and is responsible for all intelligence operations abroad.<ref name="Federation of American Scientists">{{cite web |title=Research and Analysis Wing [RAW] |url=https://fas.org/irp/world/india/raw/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203070530/http://fas.org/irp/world/india/raw/index.html |archive-date=3 December 2009 |access-date=11 October 2009 |website=fas.org |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |df=dmy}}</ref>

The first secretary was [[R. N. Kao]], who established the agency in 1968. As the head of R&AW, the secretary is responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and national security assessments. <ref name="bharat-rakshak">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-5/sainis.html |access-date=14 May 2006 |title=R. N. Kao |work=Bharat Rakshak |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413024002/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE4-5/sainis.html |archive-date=13 April 2006 }}</ref>

== History ==
The position of Secretary (Research) of R&AW was established in 1968, at the inception of the agency under the [[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira Gandhi-led government]]. At that time, the Secretary (Research) was placed on par with other senior secretarial positions, such as the [[Home Secretary of India|Home Secretary]] and the [[Foreign Secretary of India|Foreign Secretary]].<ref name="Hand">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/feb/02spec3.htm|title=A RAW hand|website=www.rediff.com|date=2 February 2005}}</ref> In 1977, the [[Premiership of Morarji Desai|Morarji Desai-led government]] downgraded the post and redesignated it as the Director of R&AW. This change was reversed in 1986 by the [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv Gandhi-led government]], reinstating the original designation of Secretary (Research).<ref name="Hand"/>

The Secretary (Research) is appointed by the [[Prime Minister of India]] in consultation with the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] for an initial term of two years, with the possibility of extension if the officeholder's service is deemed fit for continuation.<ref name="Hindu_1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/brain-behind-operation-sindoor-ips-parag-jain-is-new-raw-chief/article69748757.ece|title=Brain behind Operation Sindoor, IPS Parag Jain is new RAW Chief|website=www.thehindu.com|date=28 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Print_2">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/raw-chief-goel-could-be-longest-serving-in-decades-but-modi-govt-undecided-on-another-extension/951506/|title=RAW chief Goel could be longest-serving in decades, but Modi govt undecided on another extension|website=theprint.in|date=16 May 2022}}</ref> The longest-serving Secretary was [[R. N. Kao]], who led the agency from its inception in 1968 until his retirement in 1977. Although R&AW has its own specialised cadre, the [[Research and Analysis Service]] (RAS), most of the organization's chiefs have traditionally been drawn from the [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS), a practice that has occasionally faced criticism. To date, only N. F. Suntook and [[Vikram Sood]] have served as R&AW chiefs without coming from the IPS cadre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jan/21spec.htm|title=Who will succeed RAW chief Vikram Sood?|date=21 January 2003|work=[[Rediff]]|accessdate=19 February 2010}}</ref>

== Powers and responsibilities ==
The Secretary of R&AW heads the entire organisation and oversees its operations, administration, and coordination with other security and intelligence agencies.<ref name="Print_1">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/excerpt/no-ips-officer-should-head-raw-chief-should-be-pms-choice-indira-gandhi-told-rn-kao/340457/|title=No IPS officer should head RAW, chief should be PM's choice — Indira Gandhi told RN Kao|website=theprint.in|date=25 December 2019}}</ref> The role includes:

* Advising the [[Prime Minister of India]] on all matters of foreign intelligence and national security.<ref name="Sahay_1">{{Cite web |last=Bhatt |first=Sheela |date=2 April 2003 |title=New R&AW chief is first to be trained in Israel |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/apr/02raw.htm |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
* Planning and supervising intelligence gathering abroad.<ref name="ORF_1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/indias-enduring-challenge-of-intelligence-reforms|title=India's Enduring Challenge of Intelligence Reforms|website=www.orfonline.or|date=9 December 2020}}</ref>
* Overseeing covert operations and counter-intelligence activities outside India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prahladan |first=Vivek |date=6 January 2017 |title=Declassified: How India Tracked Pakistan's Development of a Nuclear Device |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/declassified-how-india-tracked-pakistans-development-of-a-nuclear-device/ |website=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]}}</ref>
* Coordinating with other Indian intelligence agencies, such as [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB) and [[National Technical Research Organisation]] (NTRO).<ref name="VIF_1">{{Cite web|title=Strategic Policy Group - Evolution of Integrated National Security Structure |url=https://www.vifindia.org/article/2018/october/25/strategic-policy-group-evolution-of-integrated-national-security-structure|website=www.vifindia.org|date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
* Reporting directly to the Prime Minister and the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]].<ref name="inside_raw">{{Cite book |last1=Raina |first1=Asoka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0zYmAAAAMAAJ |title=Inside RAW: the story of India's secret service |publisher=Vikas |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-7069-1299-9 |location=New Delhi |pages=16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502173655/https://books.google.com/books?id=0zYmAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Appointing senior officers within R&AW in consultation with the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC).<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 May 2018|others=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Government of India|title=ACC Approvals|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179609|access-date=2021-09-06|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
* Functions as an arm of the [[Cabinet Secretariat (India)|Cabinet Secretariat]] with the Secretary (Research) positioned within the Secretariat.<ref name="Governance in India">{{Cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education]]|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|edition=2nd|location=[[Noida]]|publication-date=25 August 2014|pages=3.16–3.17}}</ref>
* Works under the [[Cabinet Secretary of India|Cabinet Secretary]] while cooperating with the [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] to report-cum-advise the Prime Minister on intelligence matters.<ref name="Unmasking">{{Cite web|url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/05/27/unmasking-indias-ib-and-raw/|title=Unmasking India's IB and RAW|website=moderndiplomacy.eu.com|date=27 May 2022}}</ref>
* Exercises sweeping powers over R&AW's functioning, except administrative and financial matters, which remain under the remit of the Cabinet Secretary.<ref name="Federation of American Scientists">{{cite web |title=Research and Analysis Wing [RAW] |url=https://fas.org/irp/world/india/raw/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203070530/http://fas.org/irp/world/india/raw/index.html |archive-date=3 December 2009 |access-date=11 October 2009 |website=fas.org |publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]] |df=dmy}}</ref>
* Serves as a member of the [[Strategic Policy Group]] under the National Security Council, tasked with advising policymakers on long-term strategic reviews and national security decision-making.

== Emolument, accommodation and perquisites ==
The Secretary of R&AW holds the rank of Secretary to the Government of India. The post is accompanied by:

* Official residence.
* Security cover as per central government rules.
* Eligibility for a diplomatic or official passport for foreign travel.
* Salary as per Pay Level 17 of the [[7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces|7th Pay Commission]].<ref name="Army Pay Rules">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mod.nic.in/sites/default/files/ArmyPayRules.pdf|title=Army Pay Rules, 2017|date=May 3, 2017|work=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=September 24, 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="margin: 1ex 0 1ex 1ex; "
|-
|+'''Secretary, R&AW monthly pay and allowances'''
|-
!Base Salary (Per month)
!Pay Matrix Level
|-
|{{INRConvert|225000}}<ref name="7th Pay Commission Report">{{cite web|url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|title=Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India|publisher=Seventh Central [[Pay Commission]], [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=August 13, 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|Pay Level 17
|}

== List of Secretaries of R&AW ==

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|-
! colspan="6" style="align: center; background: #CEF6F5;" |Secretary (Research)
|-
! style="text-align:center; width:5%;" | No.
! style="text-align:center; width:12%;" | Name
! style="text-align:center; width:15%;" | Cadre
! style="text-align:center; width:12%;" | Took office
! style="text-align:center; width:12%;" | Left office
! style="text-align:center; width:25%;" |Notes
|-
| 1
| [[R. N. Kao]]
| rowspan="1"| [[Indian Imperial Police|Imperial Police]] (IP)
| 1968
| 1977
| • Founder of R&AW and [[Aviation Research Centre|ARC]] and first Secretary (R).<ref name="Print_1"/> • Led intelligence efforts during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|1971 India-Pakistan conflict]].<ref name=":6">{{cite web |last=Bajoria |first=Jayshree |date=7 November 2008 |title=RAW: India's External Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/raw-indias-external-intelligence-agency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707032714/http://www.cfr.org/india/raw-indias-external-intelligence-agency/p17707 |archive-date=7 July 2012 |access-date=2 July 2012 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref> • Participated in [[Operation Smiling Buddha]] and the [[1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum|1975 annexation of Sikkim]].<ref name=":6"/>
|-
! colspan="6" style="align: center; background: #CEF6F5;" |Director, R&AW
|-
| 2
| [[K. Sankaran Nair]]
| Imperial Police (IP)
| 1977
| 1977
| • Assisted in the establishment of [[Ghana|Ghana's]] [[Bureau of National Investigations|FSRB]] with R. N. Kao.<ref name="Ghana">{{Cite journal|last=Paliwal|first=Avinash|date=2021-02-22|title=Colonial Sinews of Postcolonial Espionage - India and the Making of Ghana's External Intelligence Agency, 1958-61|journal=The International History Review|volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=914–934 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768|issn=0707-5332|doi-access=free}}</ref> • Organized intelligence operations during [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|1971 India-Pakistan conflict]] prior to appointment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-raw-chief-shankaran-nair-passes-away/article7887034.ece|title=Former RAW chief Shankaran Nair passes away|website=www.thehindu.com|date=17 November 2015}}</ref> • Resigned in protest after degradation of Secretary (R) to Director, R&AW.<ref name="Hand"/>
|-
| 3
| N. F. Suntook
| [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Frontier Administrative Service]] (IFAS)
| 1977
| 1983
| Founder Director of RRC (Radio Research Centre), [[Electronics and Technical Services|ETS]] • Executed [[Operation Lal Dora]]
|-
| 4
| [[Girish Chandra Saxena]]
| rowspan="1"| [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS)
| 1983
| 1986
| • Collaborated with the Intelligence Agencies of United States, the erstwhile [[USSR]], China, [[Iran]], Afghanistan, [[Saudi Arabia]], etc. • [[Kanishka Bombing]] • [[Operation Blue Star]]
|-
! colspan="6" style="align: center; background: #CEF6F5;" |Secretary (Research)
|-
| 5
| S. E. Joshi
| rowspan="7"| Indian Police Service (IPS)
| 1986
| 1987
| • Continued collaboration with Intelligence Agencies • During his tenure, the post of Director of R&AW was re-designated as Secretary (R), and this designation has continued since then.
|-
| 6
| A. K. Verma
| 1987
| 1990
| • [[Operation Cactus]] • [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]]
|-
| 7
| G. S. Bajpai
| 1990
| 1991
| Counter Insurgency operations
|-
| 8
| N. Narasimhan
| 1991
| 1993
|
|-
| 9
| J. S. Bedi
| 1993
| 1993
| • Shortest serving Secretary (R) with a tenure of only four months; was not given extension.<ref name="Hand"/>
|-
| 10
| A. S. Syali
| 1993
| 1996
| • Led intelligence collection efforts in [[Tibet]] during initial years of his career; not much other information known.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/making-a-difference/those-magnificent-kaoboys-on-mule-back-news-285115|title=Those Magnificent Kaoboys On Mule-Back|website=www.outlookindia.com|date=17 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 11
| Ranjan Roy
| 1996
| 1997
| • Transferred from IB to R&AW.<ref name="Roy_1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/nov/30raman.htm|title=A hero of Indian intelligence passes away|website=www.rediff.com|date=30 November 2007}}</ref> • Tenure marked by emphasis on Pakistan and Afghanistan affairs.<ref name="Roy_1"/>
|-
| 12
| [[Arvind Dave]]
| IPS (1962: [[Madhya Pradesh]])<ref name="Sood"/>
| 1997
| 1999
| • Was Secretary (R) during [[Kargil War|1999 Kargil conflict]]; later testified before the [[Kargil Review Committee]] for mismanagement of intelligence operations.<ref name="Kargil_1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/kargil-panel-quizzes-ex-raw-chief/cid/911810|title=KARGIL PANEL QUIZZES EX-RAW CHIEF |website=www.telegraphindia.com|date=27 October 1999}}</ref>
|-
| 13
| [[A. S. Dulat]]
| IPS (1965: [[Rajasthan]])<ref name="Dulat_1"/>
| 1999
| 2000
| • Was Special Director, IB and transferred to R&AW prior to appointment.<ref name="Kargil_1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/change-of-guard-at-fiasco-hit-raw/cid/917856|title=CHANGE OF GUARD AT FIASCO-HIT RAW |website=www.telegraphindia.com|date=27 July 1999}}</ref> • Negotiated with [[IC 814]] hijackers<ref>'Advani pressed for release of terrorist', ''Hindustan Times'', Saturday, 18 April 2009, Page 1</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1702/17020040.htm |title=Kashmir After Kandahar |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |access-date=4 March 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304192006/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1702/17020040.htm |archive-date=4 March 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> • Tenure market with deep engagement in [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir affairs]].<ref name="Dulat_1">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/as-dulat-jammu-and-kashmir-9958817/|title=Newsmaker: A S Dulat, the 'spy' who never left Kashmir|website=indianexpress.com|date=22 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
| 14
| [[Vikram Sood]]
| [[Indian Postal Service|IPoS]] (1966) Absorbed into RAS<ref name="Sood"/>
| 13 December 2000
| 31 March 2003
| • Was Secretary (R) during the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|2001 Parliament attack]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/special/r-n-kao-indias-legendary-spymaster-/20191017.htm|title=R N Kao, India's legendary Spymaster|website=www.rediff.com|date=17 October 2019}}</ref> • One of the few Secretary (R) to appointed from a non-IPS stream.<ref name="Sood">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jan/21spec.htm|title=Who will succeed RAW chief Vikram Sood?|website=www.rediff.com|date=21 January 2003}}</ref>
|-
| 15
| [[C. D. Sahay]]
| IPS (1967: [[Karnataka]])<ref name="Sahay"/>
| 1 April 2003
| 31 January 2005
| • Participated in negotiations to end [[Indian Airlines Flight 814|2001 IC 814 hijack]] prior to appointment.<ref name="Sahay">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/raw/20030315.htm|title=C D Sahay to head RAW|website=www.rediff.com|date=15 March 2003}}</ref> • First-ever Secretary (R) to be trained in [[Israel]].<ref name="Hand"/> • Was Secretary (R) during [[Rabinder Singh (intelligence officer)|Rabinder Singh defection scandal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/feb/04spec1.htm|title=Did the CIA help Rabinder Singh flee?|website=www.rediff.com|date=3 February 2005}}</ref>
|-
| 16
| [[P. K. H. Tharakan]]
| IPS (1968: [[Kerala]])<ref name="Tharakan"/>
| 1 February 2005
| 31 January 2007
| • Investigated the [[Indian Airlines Flight 814|2001 IC 814 hijack]].<ref name="Tharakan">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/new-raw-chief-was-an-insider/articleshow/1001541.cms|title=New RAW chief was an 'insider'|website=indiatimes.com|date=26 January 2005}}</ref> • Negotiated the end of [[Nepalese Civil War]] and helped warring parties to sign the [[Comprehensive Peace Accord]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/fierce-one|title=The Fierce One|work=The Caravan|access-date=25 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322172426/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/fierce-one|archive-date=22 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| 17
| [[Ashok Chaturvedi]]
| IPS (1970: [[Madhya Pradesh]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/raw/20050401.htm|title=RAW chief gets a deputy|website=www.rediff.com|date=1 April 2005}}</ref>
| 1 February 2007
| 31 January 2009
|• Tenure marred by alleged decay of institutional decorum.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2009/Nov/20/the-walking-talking-disaster-of-a-spy-chief-105514.html |title=The walking-talking disaster of a spy chief |website=The New Indian Express |date=17 May 2012 |access-date=18 February 2026}}</ref>
 • Investigated officer from Sri Lankan station accused of indiscipline.<ref>[http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14539606&vsv=SHGTslot1 "Infighting in RAW led to officer's recall", Sify News, 8 October 2007]{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
| 18
| [[K. C. Verma]]
| IPS (1971: [[Jharkhand]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/former-cops-dissidents-on-defaulter-list/cid/337272#goog_rewarded|title=Former cops, dissidents on defaulter list|website=www.telegraphindia.com|date=31 October 2011}}</ref>
| 1 February 2009
| 30 December 2010
| • Permanent deputation from IB.<ref name="Verma_1">{{cite web |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?652641 |title=K C Verma Moves in as New Chief of RAW |publisher=news.outlookindia.com |accessdate=2010-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718083442/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?652641 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> • Was Secretary (Security) to Cabinet Secretariat and Internal Security Advisor to [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Ministry]] prior to appointment.<ref name="Verma_1"/> • Spearheaded investigation of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|26/11 Mumbai terrorist attacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2009/feb/02can-new-chief-turn-raw-around.htm |title=Can its new chief turn R&AW around? |work=Rediff.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-20}}</ref>
|-
| 19
| [[Sanjeev Tripathi]]
| IPS (1972: [[Uttar Pradesh]]) Absorbed into RAS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sanjeev-tripathi-to-be-new-raw-chief/articleshow/7165215.cms|title=Sanjeev Tripathi to be new RAW chief|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=26 December 2010}}</ref>
| 30 December 2010
| 29 December 2012
| • Previously head of ARC prior to appointment.<ref name="Tripathi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Sanjeev-Tripathi-to-head-RAW/article15608282.ece|title=Sanjeev Tripathi to head RAW|website=26 December 2010 |date=25 December 2010 }}</ref> 
|-
| 20
| [[Alok Joshi]]
| IPS (1976: [[Haryana]])<ref name="Joshi"/>
| 30 December 2012
| 30 December 2014
| • Joint Director, IB prior to appointment.<ref name="Joshi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2025/04/30/who-is-alok-joshi-here-s-why-former-raw-chief-was-picked-to-lead-the-nsab-pahalgam-terror-attack.html|title=Who is Alok Joshi? Here's why former RAW chief was picked to lead the NSAB.|website=www.theweek.in|date=30 April 2025}}</ref> • Appointed Chairman of the [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Advisory Board]] in 2025.<ref name="Joshi"/>
|-
| 21
| [[Rajinder Khanna]]
| RAS (1978)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajinder Khanna appointed R&AW Chief |url=https://www.indianmandarins.com/news/rajinder-khanna-appointed-raw-chief/449|website=indianmandarins.com|date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
| 31 December 2014
| 31 December 2016
| • Specialized in counter-terror operations at R&AW.<ref>{{cite news|last1=PT|first1=I|title=Rajinder Khanna named new RAW chief|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajinder-khanna-named-new-raw-chief-2045741|accessdate=1 January 2015|work=DNA|archive-date=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221053838/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajinder-khanna-named-new-raw-chief-2045741|url-status=live}}</ref> • Appointed as [[National Security Advisor (India)|Deputy NSA]] in 2018; promoted to Additional NSA in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/defence/deputy-national-security-adviser-former-raw-chief-rajinder-khanna-made-additional-nsa/2157536/|title=Rajinder Khanna made additional NSA, Ravichandran is new deputy NSA|website=theprint.in|date=2 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2024/07/04/dovals-supporting-hands-are-seasoned-spymasters-rajinder-khanna-pankaj-singh-and-ravichandran.html|title=Doval's supporting hands are seasoned spymasters—Rajinder Khanna, Pankaj Singh and Ravichandran|website=www.theweek.in|date=4 Jul 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 22
| [[Anil Dhasmana]]
| IPS (1981: [[Madhya Pradesh]])
| 1 January 2017
| 29 June 2019<ref>[https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1575847 Approvals of the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet], Press Information Bureau, 26 June 2019, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210910061456/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1575847 archived copy]</ref>
| • Led intelligence efforts during the [[2019 Balakot airstrike|2019 Balakot airstrikes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/former-raw-head-anil-dhasmana-appointed-as-chief-of-ntro-2888911.html|title=ormer RAW Head Anil Dhasmana Appointed as Chief of NTRO|website=www.news18.com/news|date=18 September 2020}}</ref> • Served as Chairman, [[National Technical Research Organisation|NTRO]] between 2020 and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/former-raw-chief-anil-dhasmana-appointed-as-new-chief-of-national-technical-research-organisation-1723242-2020-09-18|title=Former RAW chief Anil Dhasmana appointed as new chief of National Technical Research Organisation|website=www.indiatoday.in|date=19 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 23
| [[Samant Goel]]
| IPS (1984: [[Punjab]])<ref name="Goel"/>
| 1 July 2019
| 30 June 2023
| • Led R&AW's operations wing prior to appointment.<ref name="Goel">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/Jun/26/samant-goel-who-played-key-role-in-balakot-strikes-is-new-raw-chief-1995649.html|title=Samant Goel, who played key role in Balakot strikes, is new RAW chief|website=www.newindianexpress.com|date=27 June 2019}}</ref> • Led intelligence efforts during the [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike|2016 surgical strikes]] and [[2019 Balakot airstrike|2019 Balakot airstrikes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/balakot-air-strikes-planner-is-new-r-aw-chief-kashmir-expert-appointed-ib-chief/story-zPvkO7H7t6i9ADyJPQIVKM.html|title=Balakot air strikes planner is new R&AW chief, Kashmir expert appointed IB chief|website=www.hindustantimes.com|date=26 July 2019}}</ref> 
|-
| 24
| [[Ravi Sinha]]
| IPS (1988: [[Chhattisgarh]])<ref name="Ravi"/>
| 1 July 2023
| 30 June 2025
| • Led R&AW's operations wing prior to appointment.<ref name="Ravi">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ips-office-ravi-sinha-appointed-chief-of-research-and-analysis-wing-8672203/|title=RAW's Ravi Sinha who headed operations is now agency's new chief|website=indianexpress.com|date=20 June 2023}}</ref> • Provided emphasis on technical intelligence collection capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-new-raw-chief-ravi-sinha-is-a-tech-savvy-operations-expert-4133828|title=India's New RAW Chief Ravi Sinha Is A Tech-Savvy Operations Expert|website=www.ndtv.com|date=19 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 25
| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| [[Parag Jain]]
| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| IPS (1989: [[Punjab, India|Punjab]])<ref name="Parag">{{cite web |title=Parag Jain, 1989-batch IPS officer, appointed R&AW secretary |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/parag-jain-1989-batch-ips-officer-appointed-r-aw-secretary-101751095867141.html |date=28 June 2025 |time=1:14 PM|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| 1 July 2025
| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| [[Incumbent]]
| style="background:#e6e6aa;"| • Handled R&AW's Pakistan desk; served in Kashmir during [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|abrogation of Article 370 and 35A]].<ref name="Print_7">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/defence/parag-jain-seasoned-intelligence-officer-with-key-role-in-op-sindoor-is-new-raw-chief/2673616/|title=Parag Jain, seasoned intelligence officer with key role in Op Sindoor, is new R&AW chief|website=theprint.in|date=28 June 2025}}</ref> • Led ARC during [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict|Operation Sindoor]] prior to appointment.<ref name="Express_2">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/parag-jain-new-raw-chief-operation-sindoor-mastermind-10094131/|title=Brain behind Operation Sindoor, 1989-batch officer Parag Jain appointed new R&AW chief|website=indianexpress.com|date=29 June 2025}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Cabinet Secretary of India]]
* [[Foreign Secretary of India]]
* [[Director of Intelligence Bureau]]
* [[National Security Advisor (India)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian intelligence agencies}}
{{Union ministries of India}}

[[Category:Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Secretaries of the Research & Analysis Wing]]

Rahul Dua

2026-04-28T07:36:38Z

Ovfanclub786: Created a article

{{Short description|Indian stand-up comedian}}
{{notability|1=Biographies|date=May 2023}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Rahul Dua
| occupation = Actor, Writer, Comedian, Creator, Youtuber, and Host
| organization = Oriole Entertainment
| alma_mater = ([[Bachelor of Technology |B.Tech]]) [[Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology]] ([[Master of Business Administration|M.B.A]]) [[Faculty of Management Studies – University of Delhi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Rahul Dua, The Comedy Maverick And Multi-talented Desi Entertainer - News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/viral/meet-rahul-dua-the-comedy-maverick-and-multi-talented-desi-entertainer-8573948.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231015080113/https://www.news18.com/viral/meet-rahul-dua-the-comedy-maverick-and-multi-talented-desi-entertainer-8573948.html |archive-date=2023-10-15 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>
| website = orioleentertainment.com
}}
'''Rahul Dua''' is an Indian [[Stand up comedian|stand-up comedian]], actor, writer, YouTuber, and host. Dua gained recognition through his participation in the show ''[[Comicstaan]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rahul Dua |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8796022/bio/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dua was born in 1992. He completed his schooling in his hometown before pursuing a Bachelors of Technology degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering at [[Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology]] in Patiala. Later, he gained admission to the prestigious [[Faculty of Management Studies (University of Delhi)|Faculty of Management Studies]] (FMS) in Delhi. Rahul specialised in Finance and Marketing during his MBA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Rahul Dua, The Comedy Maverick And Multi-talented Desi Entertainer - News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/viral/meet-rahul-dua-the-comedy-maverick-and-multi-talented-desi-entertainer-8573948.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20231015080113/https://www.news18.com/viral/meet-rahul-dua-the-comedy-maverick-and-multi-talented-desi-entertainer-8573948.html |archive-date=2023-10-15 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Dua was named one of India's top 16 comedians in [[Netflix]]'s ''[[Comedy Premium League]]''. Additionally, he emerged as the 1st Runner Up in the first season of [[Amazon Prime]]'s show, ''[[Comicstaan]]''.<ref name=":1" />

Dua has also served as a cricket commentator during [[2021 Indian Premier League|IPL 2021]] on ''Hotstar Dosts'', and as an actor in [[advertisements]] for CultFit, [[Zomato]], [[Hyundai Grand i10]], [[Nando's]], and Wakefit Mattresses.<ref name=":1" />

Dua has served as the host for events such as the finale of the third season of ''Comicstaan'' and the second season of [[Shark Tank India (season 2)|''SharkTank India'']].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-28 |title=Shark Tank India 2: Ashneer Grover out, Rahul Dua replaces Rannvijay Singha as host, read more |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/shark-tank-india-2-ashneer-grover-out-rahul-dua-replaces-rannvijay-singha-as-host-read-more/articleshow/96575922.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-12 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2022-12-28 |title=Shark Tank Season 2: Rahul Dua To Host Instead Of Rannvijay Singha, While Amit Jain Replaces... |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/shark-tank-season-2-rahul-dua-to-host-instead-of-rannvijay-singha-while-amit-jain-replaces-ashneer-grover-1572330 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shark Tank India Season 2 premieres tonight. When and where to watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/shark-tank-india-season-2-premieres-tonight-when-and-where-to-watch-2316389-2023-01-02 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In June 2025, he was awarded the Power Stand-Up Comic Award, at the Power Creator Awards.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-08 |title=Air India Presents Power Creator Awards 2025: Yashraj Mukhate, Rahul Dua, Jannat Zubair – Complete Winners List |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/air-india-presents-power-creator-awards-2025-yashraj-mukhate-rahul-dua-samdish-bhatia-complete-winners-list/articleshow/121696729.cms |access-date=2026-03-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rahul Dua Bags 'Power Stand-Up Comic Award' At Power Creator Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/short-videos/entertainment/rahul-dua-bags-power-stand-up-comic-award-at-power-creator-awards/videoshow/121696838.cms |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In August 2025, Dua announced his show, ''Pitch Please'', in which business owners would pitch their ideas to a panel of "sharp successful business minds" in addition to comedians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2025 |title=Pitch Please: Rahul Dua Announces New Format Show Targeting Indian Businesses - DeadAnt |url=https://deadant.co/pitch-please-rahul-dua-announces-new-format-show-targeting-indian-businesses/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Deadant |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian comedians]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]

Kavita Barjatya

2026-04-26T13:58:28Z

Ovfanclub786: New Some Data More To Come

{{Short description|Indian film producer}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kavita K. Barjatya
| image = Kavita K. Barjatya.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1977|11|12}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = Producer, director of [[Rajshri Productions]]
| yearsactive = 2003–present
| father = Kamal Kumar Barjatya
| relatives = [[Tarachand Barjatya]] (grandfather) [[Sooraj Barjatya]] (cousin)
}}

'''Kavita K. Barjatya''' (born 12 November 1977) is an Indian television and film producer who works with [[Rajshri Productions]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-01 |title=No creative differences between Sooraj and Kavita Barjatya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/no-creative-differences-between-sooraj-and-kavita-barjatya/articleshow/53489480.cms |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> a film company owned by her parental family.

==Background and personal life==
Barjatya was born on 12 November 1977 in [[Mumbai]]. She is the daughter of Kamal Kumar Barjatya, the present managing director of [[Rajshri Productions]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-07-29 |title=Famous brothers, influential sisters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/famous-brothers-influential-sisters/articleshow/15253054.cms |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and the granddaughter of film producer [[Tarachand Barjatya]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Kavita Barjatya forays into films with Samrat And Co |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Kavita-Barjatya-forays-into-films-with-Samrat-And-Co/Article1-1056227.aspx |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021230451/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Television/Kavita-Barjatya-forays-into-films-with-Samrat-And-Co/Article1-1056227.aspx |archivedate=21 October 2013 }}</ref> who founded [[Rajshri Productions]] in 1947.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Joshi |first1=Narata |title=Raj Kumar Barjatya: the man who led Rajshri from the shadows |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/raj-kumar-barjatya-the-man-who-led-rajshri-from-the-shadows/article26334175.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

Barjatya went to school in Mumbai. She graduated with a distinction from [[Sydenham College]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sister's turn to turn on the shine|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jun242005/she93092005623.asp |work= Deccan Herald |date=24 June 2005| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> and then earned a postgraduate degree in management from [[NMIMS University]]. She is a trained vocal singer and [[Kathak]] dancer and has delivered several live stage performances; she plays various musical instruments too.

She had a brief marriage that lasted for about 100 days. This was the turning point in her life and since then she has been focused on building her career.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kavita Barjatya: Big Boss of the small screen!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kavita-Barjatya-Big-Boss-of-the-small-screen/articleshow/15204399.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232857/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-27/tv/32888565_1_big-boss-sahara-one-small-screen |url-status=live |archive-date=4 October 2013 |date=27 July 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=12 October 2013}}</ref>

==Career==
Her career in the [[entertainment industry in India]] commenced with [[Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon]], where she assisted her cousin, [[Sooraj R. Barjatya]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Why should I shut my show?: Kavita Barjatya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Why-should-I-shut-my-show-Kavita-Barjatya/articleshow/5416877.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419043354/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-07/tv/28136901_1_tv-unit-serials-show |url-status=live |archive-date=19 April 2013 |date=7 January 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=No creative differences with Sooraj Barjatya, says cousin Kavita Barjatya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/no-creative-differences-with-sooraj-barjatya-says-cousin-kavita-barjatya/articleshow/53094746.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 January 2017}}</ref>

In 2004, at the behest of Sooraj Barjatya, and with his guidance,<ref>{{cite news |title=Why should I shut my show?: Kavita Barjatya|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Why-should-I-shut-my-show-Kavita-Barjatya/articleshow/5416877.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419043354/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-07/tv/28136901_1_tv-unit-serials-show |url-status=live |archive-date=19 April 2013 |date=7 January 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=12 October 2013}}</ref> she revived the television business which Rajshri had exited in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woman of Substance – Kavita Barjatya|url=http://www.tinselgupshup.com/news/view/220/Woman-of-Substance-Kavita-Barjatya.html |work= Deccan Herald |date=14 June 2013| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrating success|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-success/article2247092.ece |work= The Hindu|date=18 June 2007| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> Rajshri's TV division was launched that year, and Kavita, with other members of the family, successfully managed it for over eight years, producing shows like [[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]], [[Yahaaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli]], [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] and more.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kavita Barjatya forays into films with 'Samrat And Co'| url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/kavita-barjatya-forays-into-films-with-samrat-and-co_133817.html |publisher= Zee News |date=7 May 2013| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref>

In 2013, Barjatya announced her foray into film making; her debut as producer was [[Samrat & Co.]],<ref>{{cite news |date=6 May 2013 |title=Rajshri Productions to make Samrat And Co |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1807086 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015070028/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1807086 |archive-date=15 October 2013 |accessdate=12 October 2013 |website=Bollywood Hungama India}}</ref> which was a Hindi detective thriller film released on 1 May 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-24 |title=Rajshri Productions to break tradition with 'Samrat & Co.' - The Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Rajshri-Productions-to-break-tradition-with-Samrat-Co-/articleshow/32585817.cms |access-date=2024-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324232931/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Rajshri-Productions-to-break-tradition-with-Samrat-Co-/articleshow/32585817.cms |archive-date=24 March 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rajshri's Detective Saga Samrat And Co To Release|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/rajshris-detective-saga-samrat-and-co-to-release/|publisher=Box Office India|date=27 August 2013|accessdate=12 October 2013|archive-date=19 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019210604/http://www.boxofficeindia.co.in/rajshris-detective-saga-samrat-and-co-to-release/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Her first independent project was the TV soap [[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]], a family saga, launched on [[Sahara One]] on 30 May 2005 in the 9.00 pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] slot.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sister's turn to turn on the shine|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jun242005/she93092005623.asp |work= Deccan Herald |date=24 June 2005| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> The show had a successful run for six years and 1400 episodes<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajshri Productions' "Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki" ends on a positive note |url=http://www.prlog.org/11275745-rajshri-productions-woh-rehne-waali-mehlon-ki-ends-on-positive-note.html |date=4 February 2011| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> and won many awards as well. Kavita's next production, [[Pyaar Ke Do Naam: Ek Raadha, Ek Shyaam]], was launched on 3 April 2006 on [[Star Plus]] in the 8:00 pm IST slot.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/lead1/20060403.htm|title=First Look of Pyaar Ke Do Naam: Ek Raadha, Ek Shyaam|work=Rediff Movies|date=3 April 2006 | accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> The story focuses on the concept of reincarnation and how everlasting love lasts.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060310/asp/etc/story_5951730.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525113911/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060310/asp/etc/story_5951730.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2006 |title=View from the Couch on April 3|work=The Telegraph – Subhash K. Jha|date=10 March 2006}}</ref> In January 2008, she launched [[Main Teri Parchhain Hoon]] on [[NDTV Imagine]]; the show enjoyed a successful year's run of 212 episodes. Another show, [[Yahaaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli]] was launched on [[Zee TV]] in the 8:30 pm IST slot in November 2009. The set of Swarn Bhawan was the largest and most lavish of its time. It had a glorious 3-year run and completed nearly 700 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |title='Yahaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli' to bid adieu |url=http://www.sify.com/news/yahaan-main-ghar-ghar-kheli-to-bid-adieu-news-entertainment-mhlokDgceci.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209185838/http://www.sify.com/news/yahaan-main-ghar-ghar-kheli-to-bid-adieu-news-entertainment-mhlokDgceci.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 December 2013 |website= Sify News |date=11 July 2012| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> Next came [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] on NDTV Imagine in the 9.30 pm IST slot.<ref>{{cite news |title=A new family in Do Hanson Ka Joda |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/A-new-family-in-Do-Hanson-Ka-Joda/652427/ |work=The Indian Express |date=30 July 2010| accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref> In 2012, Kavita Barjatya launched two shows – [[Jhilmil Sitaaron Ka Aangan Hoga]] on Sahara One in Feb 2012 and [[Pyaar Ka Dard Hai Meetha Meetha Pyaara Pyaara]] on Star Plus on 18 June 2012.

Kavita Barjatya is on the advisory board of [[The ITA School of Performing Arts]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Advisory Board |url=http://www.itaspa.in/index.php?module=about&pageName=advboard |publisher=The ITA School of Performing Arts | accessdate=12 October 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Barjatya, Kavita K.}}
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women film producers]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Barjatya family]]
[[Category:Film producers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian women television producers]]
[[Category:Indian television producers]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]

Adilabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-26T10:52:21Z

Ovfanclub786: created entry.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Adilabad
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (7-Adilabad highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Adilabad Assembly constituency within Telangana
| established = 1951
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 7
| loksabha_cons = [[Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency|Adilabad]]
| mla = [[Payal Shankar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| electors = 1,86,348
}}

'''Adilabad''' is a constituency of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of the two constituencies in [[Adilabad district]], [[Telangana]]. It comes under [[Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> along with six other assembly constituencies. The current MLA is Payal Shankar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of BJP winning candidates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/telangana-assembly-elections-results-2023-live-updates-winning-candidates-full-list-how-many-seats-brs-congress-bjp-aimi-101701565421307.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

==Mandals==
The assembly constituency presently comprises the following mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Adilabad]]
|-
| [[Jainad]]
|-
| [[Bela, Adilabad district|Bela]]
|-
|}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Daji Shanker Rao || {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Rangnath Rao
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Vithal Rao || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || K. Ramkishtoo || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Masood Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Chilkuri Vaman Reddy
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="2" | Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || Chilkuri Vaman Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Padala Bhumanna
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan="4" | [[Jogu Ramanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#c2f3d9" | [[2012 elections in India#Andhra Pradesh|2012 By-election]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Payal Shankar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Payal Shankar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,608 |percentage = 35.84% |change = {{increase}}7.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jogu Ramanna]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 60,916 |percentage = 32.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kandi Srinivasa Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,724 |percentage = 25.30% |change = {{increase}}5.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Alluri Sanjeeva Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,946 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aslam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,391 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kalamadugu Vijay Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,173 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 592 |percentage = 0.31% |change = {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,692 |percentage = 3.55% |change = {{decrease}}12.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 188,956 |percentage = 78.55% |change = {{decrease}}3.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 188,652}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,559 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |swing = {{decrease}}9.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9691-telangana-general-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Telangana General Legislative Election 2018 - Statistical Report |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 20 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jogu Ramanna]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 74,050 |percentage = 44.98% |change = {{increase}}3.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Payal Shankar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 47,444 |percentage = 28.82% |change = {{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gandrath Sujatha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,200 |percentage = 19.56% |change = {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kothapelly Narayana |party = Rajyadhikara Party |votes = 4,125 |percentage = 2.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Eerla Satyanarayana |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,352 |percentage = 0.82% |change = {{decrease}}0.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,149 |percentage = 0.70% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,606 |percentage = 16.16% |change = {{increase}}5.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 165,887 |percentage = 82.41% |change = {{increase}}17.35 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 164,644}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 201,294 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}9.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |swing = {{increase}}3.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/PartyWiseResultS01.htm?st=S01 |title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Result 2014 - Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=eciresults.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518213039/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/PartyWiseResultS01.htm?st=S01}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jogu Ramanna]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 58,705 |percentage = 41.16% |change = {{decrease}}8.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Payal Shankar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,994 |percentage = 30.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhargav Deshpande |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,298 |percentage = 21.24% |change = {{decrease}}2.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Islamuddin |party = Mahajana Socialist Party |votes = 2,878 |percentage = 2.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhuma Reddy Patil |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,701 |percentage = 1.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lanka Raghavulu |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,120 |percentage = 0.79% |change = {{decrease}}1.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 864 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,711 |percentage = 10.32% |change = {{decrease}}15.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 145,260 |percentage = 65.06% |change = {{decrease}}4.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 142,615}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,262 |ref = |change = {{increase}}29.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |swing = {{decrease}}8.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2012 elections in India#Andhra Pradesh|2012 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jogu Ramanna]] |party = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |votes = 59,452 |percentage = 49.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Ram Chandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,056 |percentage = 23.28% |change = {{decrease}}7.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Payila Shanker |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 24,288 |percentage = 20.16% |change = {{decrease}}31.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ayyub |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,961 |percentage = 3.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lanka Raghavulu |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 2,423 |percentage = 2.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Vishal |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,322 |percentage = 1.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,396 |percentage = 26.05% |change = {{increase}}4.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 120,502 |percentage = 70.01% |change = {{increase}}2.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,502}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,131 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}3.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharat Rashtra Samithi |loser = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 14 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jogu Ramanna]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 62,235 |percentage = 51.93% |change = {{increase}}12.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,655 |percentage = 30.58% |change = {{decrease}}23.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chityala Suhasini |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,006 |percentage = 5.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nivedita Vaze |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,396 |percentage = 2.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Thirupathi |party = Praja Rajyam Party |votes = 3,248 |percentage = 2.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandu (Challa Chandra Mohan) |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,398 |percentage = 2.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaddala Shankar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,638 |percentage = 1.37% |change = {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sayyed Javeedshah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,151 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,580 |percentage = 21.34% |change = {{increase}}7.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 120,161 |percentage = 67.60% |change = {{decrease}}4.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 119,852}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 177,743 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}8.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AP_2004.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 4 Mar 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304113812/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AP_2004.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,675 |percentage = 53.90% |change = {{increase}}40.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Jogu Ramanna]] |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 54,838 |percentage = 39.58% |change = {{decrease}}14.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nakka Vijay Kumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,758 |percentage = 1.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Pedda Pochanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,672 |percentage = 1.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mekala Mallanna |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,546 |percentage = 1.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dayanand Gaikwad |party = Peoples Republican Party |votes = 1,515 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,837 |percentage = 14.32% |change = {{decrease}}14.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 138,617 |percentage = 71.65% |change = {{increase}}2.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 138,537}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 80 |percentage = 0.06% |change = {{decrease}}4.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 193,461 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.32 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AP99.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AP99.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Padala Bhumanna |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 65,054 |percentage = 53.82% |change = {{increase}}17.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 29,828 |percentage = 24.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gandrath Sujatha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,232 |percentage = 13.43% |change = {{decrease}}7.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. A. Raheem |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 6,524 |percentage = 5.40% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rokandla Ramesh |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,702 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Perelli Radha |party = Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S.Srivastava) |votes = 1,159 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,226 |percentage = 29.15% |change = {{increase}}24.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 126,424 |percentage = 69.48% |change = {{decrease}}1.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,863}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,561 |percentage = 4.40% |change = {{increase}}1.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,961 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.43 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |swing = {{increase}}17.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-AP94.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-AP94.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Vaman Reddy |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 39,729 |percentage = 36.10% |change = {{decrease}}6.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Padala Bhumanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 34,455 |percentage = 31.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,550 |percentage = 20.49% |change = {{decrease}}33.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Raju |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,142 |percentage = 5.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Alluri Narayana Reddy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 4,026 |percentage = 3.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Siraj Quadri |party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 1,526 |percentage = 1.39% |change = {{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arsha Ramulu |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,276 |percentage = 1.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,274 |percentage = 4.79% |change = {{decrease}}6.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 113,331 |percentage = 70.65% |change = {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 110,061}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,270 |percentage = 2.89% |change = {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,415 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.31 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Telugu Desam Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}18.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatRep_AP_89.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatRep_AP_89.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,868 |percentage = 54.13% |change = {{increase}}48.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kunta Chandrakanth Reddy |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 38,416 |percentage = 42.55% |change = {{increase}}1.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Farooq Ahmed |party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen |votes = 1,698 |percentage = 1.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jangepalli Lingaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,304 |percentage = 1.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,452 |percentage = 11.58% |change = {{increase}}2.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,609 |percentage = 71.55% |change = {{increase}}3.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,286}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 4,323 |percentage = 4.57% |change = {{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,237 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}4.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20andhra%20pradesh.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20andhra%20pradesh.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 36,170 |percentage = 50.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranginei Laxman Rao |party = Telugu Desam Party |votes = 29,785 |percentage = 41.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Digamber |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,934 |percentage = 5.44% |change = {{decrease}}35.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Akther Hussain |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,522 |percentage = 2.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,385 |percentage = 8.83% |change = {{increase}}8.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,323 |percentage = 68.30% |change = {{increase}}2.34 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,292}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,031 |percentage = 2.73% |change = {{decrease}}1.19 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,814 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}8.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201983.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201983.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Vaman Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 26,871 |percentage = 42.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,362 |percentage = 41.22% |change = {{increase}}33.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Akther Hussain |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,859 |percentage = 6.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Vasu Dev |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,018 |percentage = 3.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nasani Lachanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,943 |percentage = 3.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rasheed Ahmed |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,432 |percentage = 2.24% |change = {{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Potha Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 932 |percentage = 1.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. Lingiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 545 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 509 |percentage = 0.80% |change = {{decrease}}12.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,572 |percentage = 65.96% |change = {{decrease}}12.29 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,962}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,610 |percentage = 3.92% |change = {{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 100,935 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.41 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}2.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Andhra%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Ramchandra Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 28,905 |percentage = 44.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chilkuri Vaman Reddy |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 20,313 |percentage = 31.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pendor Bapu Rrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,137 |percentage = 7.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Masood Ahmsd Khursheed |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,894 |percentage = 7.51% |change = {{decrease}}55.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Syed Mudakkir Shah |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,846 |percentage = 7.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vugge Namdev |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,048 |percentage = 1.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,592 |percentage = 13.19% |change = {{decrease}}28.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 68,436 |percentage = 78.25% |change = {{increase}}9.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 65,143}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,293 |percentage = 4.81% |change = {{increase}}4.81 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,461 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}19.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statittical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201972.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/Statittical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201972.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Masood Ahmed |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,918 |percentage = 63.49% |change = {{increase}}22.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhagwan Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,810 |percentage = 22.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Rao |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 5,313 |percentage = 10.91% |change = {{decrease}}32.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gantala Pedda Bhumanna |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 1,660 |percentage = 3.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,108 |percentage = 41.29% |change = {{increase}}38.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,549 |percentage = 68.38% |change = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,701}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,384 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{increase}}20.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201967.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Andhra%20Pradesh%201967.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Ramkishtoo |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 17,881 |percentage = 43.30% |change = {{increase}}8.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. V. Ramanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,727 |percentage = 40.50% |change = {{increase}}13.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Doctor |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,594 |percentage = 8.70% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Kachruji |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 3,096 |percentage = 7.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,154 |percentage = 2.79% |change = {{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 44,296 |percentage = 68.41% |change = {{increase}}3.68 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 41,298}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,753 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.82 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}5.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_AP_1962.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,949 |percentage = 38.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kastal Ram Kishtoo |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 12,895 |percentage = 35.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Ashanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,811 |percentage = 26.77% |change = {{decrease}}22.66 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,054 |percentage = 2.88% |change = {{increase}}1.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 38,517 |percentage = 64.73% |change = {{increase}}10.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,655}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,503 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.33 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |swing = {{decrease}}12.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_AP_1957.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 11 Dec 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211105732/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_AP_1957.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Rangnath Rao |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 15,230 |percentage = 50.57% |change = {{decrease}}16.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhoja Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,888 |percentage = 49.43% |change = {{increase}}22.59 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 342 |percentage = 1.14% |change = {{decrease}}38.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,118 |percentage = 54.32% |change = {{increase}}1.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 30,118}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,441 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |swing = {{decrease}}16.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Adilabad <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Daji Shanker Rao |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 18,519 |percentage = 66.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchander Rao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,447 |percentage = 26.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balkrishan Rao |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,777 |percentage = 6.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,072 |percentage = 39.91% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 27,743 |percentage = 52.52% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,743}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,828 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{Adilabad district}}

{{coord|19.50|78.70|source:wikidata|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Adilabad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

List of Padma Shri award recipients in science and engineering

2026-04-19T16:27:09Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up new details - done

{{Short description|Recipients of a civilian award in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

This is a list of recipients of the [[Padma Shri]] award, the fourth-highest civilian award of the [[Republic of India]], in the field of Science and Engineering. As of 2025, a total of 342 individuals have been awarded Padma Shri for their contributions to science and engineering.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards Dashboard |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in |url-status= |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=padmaawards.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (Govt. of India)}}</ref>(Actually, the list contains all Padma awardees including Bharat Ratna; in fact, the very first entry, C V Raman, is for Bharat Ratna. Followed by next five Padma Bhushan and then four Padma Shri)

== 1950–1959 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 1954 || [[Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Homi Jehangir Bhabha]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[K.S. Krishnan|Kariamanikkam Srinivasa Krishnan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Ajudhia Nath Khosla]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Akhil Chandra Mitra]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[kshitish Ranjan Chakravarty]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Govind Lal]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1954 || [[Khushi Ram Sharma]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1955 || [[Rahman Shri Habib-ur]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1956 || [[Tiruvadi Sambasiva Venkatraman]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1956 || [[Satish Chandra Majumdar]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1957 || [[Boshi Sen]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1957 || [[Krishnaswami Ramiah]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1957 || [[L. M. Chitale]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1957 || [[Ram Parkash Gehlote]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1958 || [[Darashaw Nosherwan Wadia]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1958 || [[Salim Ali]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1958 || [[Bal Raj Nijhawan]] || Jharkhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1958 || [[Benjamin Peary Pal]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1958 || [[Navalpakkam Parthasarathy]] || Odisha || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1958 || [[Lakshminarayanapuram Ananthakrishnan Ramdas]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1959 || [[Badri Nath Uppal]] || Chandigarh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1959 || [[Homi Nusserwanji Sethna]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1959 || [[Om Prakash Mathur]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1959 || [[Surendra Nath Kar]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|}

== 1960–1969 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 1960 || [[Anil Kumar Das]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1960 || [[Ayyagiri Sambasiva Rao]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1961 || [[Verrier Elwin]] || United Kingdom || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1961 || [[Lakshnaswamy Aiyar Venkatakrishna Iyer]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1961 || [[Brahm Prakash]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1961 || [[Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Menon]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1961 || [[Man Mohan Suri]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1962 || [[Radha Kamal Mukerjee]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1963 || [[Bishan Man Singh]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1964 || [[Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1964 || [[Tiruvengadu Narayanayajwa Ramachandran]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1964 || [[Gadde Ramakoteswar Rao]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1964 || [[Paramananda Acharya]] || Odisha || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1965 || [[Jayant Vishnu Narlikar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1965 || [[Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1965 || [[Vishnu Madava Ghatage]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1965 || [[Mrityanjaya Vaidyanathan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1965 || [[Jashbhai Shankarbhai Patel]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1966 || [[Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1966 || [[Satish Dhawan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Anekal Ramaswamiengar Gopal-Ayengar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Guduru Venkata Chalam]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Hermenogild Santapau]] || Spain || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Lt. Col. Lal Singh]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Ajit Singh (scientist)|Ajit Singh]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Chandi Dan]] || Rajasthan || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Harischandra Gopal Patil]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Maganbhai Ranchhodbhai Patel]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1967 || [[Syed Fareeduddin]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Benjamin Peary Pal]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Brahm Prakash]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Waman Bapuji Metre]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Govind Pandurang Kane]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Raja Ramanna]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Lakshman Dev]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Man Sinh Mahobat Sinh Rana]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Sirkazhi Ramaswamy Iyer Balasubrahmanyam]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1968 || [[Sudheer Sojwal]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Hargobind Khorana]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Adinath Lahiri]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Vatakke Kurupath Narayana Menon]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Mohanlal Lalloobhai Dantwala]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Amrik Singh Cheema]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Nautam Bhagwanlal Bhatt]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Ramakrishna Ananthakrishnan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Teralundur Venkatarama Mahalingam]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Holenarsipuram Govindrao Srinivasa Murthy]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Yogeshwar Dayal]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1969 || [[Savitri Sahni]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|}

== 1970–1979 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 1970 || [[Krishnaswami Ramiah]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1970 || [[Maharajapuram Sitaram Krishnan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1970 || [[Ghulam Ahmed Bandey]] || Jammu and Kashmir || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1970 || [[Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1970 || [[Ramesh Tribhuwandas Doshi]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1970 || [[Shantilal Balashanker Pandya]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Pandurang Vasudeva Sakhatme]] || Italy || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Satish Dhawan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Harbhajan Singh]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Moti Lal Dhar]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Sishta Venkata Seetharama Shastry]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Devendra Lal]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1971 || [[Tiruvadi Venkataraman Ramamurti]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai]] (Posthumous) || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Bal Dattatriya Tilak]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Monkombu Sambasiva Swaminathan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Mohinder Singh Randhawa]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Dattatraya Yeshwant Phadke]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[L.A.Krishna Iyer]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Ram Narayan Chakravarti]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Ayyagiri Sambasiva Rao]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[M. B. Ramachandra Rao]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[K. Kirpal Singh]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Pran Nath Mehra]] || Chandigarh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Charles Mark Correa]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Puran Lal Batra]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1972 || [[Ved Prakash Agnihotri]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Daulat Sinyh Kothari]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Om P. Bahl]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Raja Ramanna]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Nedumangattu Kesava Panikkar]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Govind Swarup]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Krishnan Raghavachari]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1973 || [[Prabhashankar Ogadhbhai Sompura]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Arunachala Sreenivasan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Toppur Seethapathy Sadasivan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Habib Rahman (architect)|Habibur Rahman]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Chintamani Nagesh Ramachandra Rao]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Sitaram Rao Valluri]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Achyut Purshottam Kanvinde]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Ram Prasad Choudhary Jaiswal]] || Bihar || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1974 || [[Suchitra Mitra]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Raja Ramanna]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Dilbagh Singh Athwal]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Madhav Sadashiv Gore]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Padmanabha Krishnagopala. Iyengar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Dr.(Smt.) Asima Chatterjee]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Anil Kumar Ganguly]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Pranab Rebatiranjan Dastidar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Rajagopala Chidambaram]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Sekharipuram Narayana Aiyer Seshadri]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Shambhu Dayal Singhal]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Pradip Ranjan Roy]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1975 || [[Sudhakar Dwarkanath Soman]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Salim Ali]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Udipi Ramachanda Rao]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Yash Pal]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Atmaram Bhalrav Joshi]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Brajendra Kisore Banerjea]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Gurbachan Singh Sidhu]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1976 || [[Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[(Miss) Edavaleth Kakkat Janaki Ammal]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Ramamoorthy Belagaje]] || United Kingdom || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Vishwa Gopal Jhingran]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Prafulla Kumar Jena]] || Odisha || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Sibte Hasan Zaidi]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Jugal Kishore Chowdhury]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1977 || [[Mohd. Fayazuddin Nizami]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|}

== 1980–1989 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 1981 || [[Satish Dhawan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1981 || [[Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1981 || [[Dinkar Gangadhar Kelkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1981 || [[Gurcharn Singh Kalkat]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1981 || [[Hari Krishan Jain]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Ajit Ram Verma]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Grace L.Mc Cann Morley]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Satya Prakash (physicist)|Satya Prakash]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Rear Adm. Francis Leslie Fraser]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Ramaswamy Manica Vasagam]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1982 || [[Vakkaleri Narayana Rao]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1983 || [[Arun Kumar Sharma]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1983 || [[Hassan Nasiem Siddiquie]] || Goa || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1983 || [[Saroj Raj Choudhury]] (Posthumous) || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Obaid Siddiqi]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Vasant Ranchhod Gowariker]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Prof.(Miss) Maria Renee Cura]] || Argentina || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[K. Narayanan]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Myneni Hariprasada Rao]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Nilambar Pant]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1984 || [[Pramod Kale]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Bernard Peters]] || Denmark || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Bhalchandra Madhav Udgaonkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Eknath Vasant Chitnis]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Sivaraj Ramaseshan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Virender Lal Chopra]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Dinamani Shridhar Kamat]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1985 || [[Predhiman Krishan Kaw]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1986 || [[S. Dillon Ripley]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1986 || [[Chokkanathapuram Venkataraman Sundaram]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1987 || [[Benjamin Peary Pal]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1987 || [[Manmohan Sharma]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1987 || [[Roddam Narasimha]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1987 || [[Ramadas Panemangalore Shenoy]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1987 || [[Paranandi Venkata Suryanarayana Rao]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1988 || [[Ashok Sekhar Ganguly]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1988 || [[Badanaval Venkata Sreekantan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1988 || [[Ram Prakash Bambah]] || Chandigarh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1988 || [[Ramanatha Venkata Ramani]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1989 || [[Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1989 || [[Ashes Prosad Mitra]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1989 || [[Narinder Singh Randhawa]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1989 || [[Palle Rama Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1989 || [[Saroj Ghose]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|}

== 1990–1999 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 1990 || [[Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Vallampadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunchalam]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Doraiswamy]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Bimal Kumar Bachhawat]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[M.S. Narasimhan | Prof.(Dr.) Mudumbai Seshachalu Narasimhan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Dinkarrao Govindrao alias Appasaheb Pawar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Jatish Chandra Bhattacharyya]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Laurence Wilfred Baker]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Madhavan Pillai Ramakrishna Kurup]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1990 || [[Ram Narain Agarwal]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Leslie Denis Swindale]] || New Zealand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[A. V. Rama Rao | Alla Venkata Rama Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Bangalore Puttaiya Radhakrishna]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Genesan Venkataraman]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Raghunath Anant Mashelkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Bulusu Lakshamana Deekshatulu]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Govindarajan Padmanaban]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Narinder Kumar Gupta]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Shri Krishna Joshi]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1991 || [[Rakesh Bakshi]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Khem Singh Gill]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Triloki Nath Khoshoo]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Ranjan Roy Daniel]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Vinod Prakash Sharma]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Zal Sohrab Tarapore]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Gjanardhana Puranik Narayana Rao]] || Bhutan || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Joseph Allen Stein]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1992 || [[Madhava Ashish]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1997 || [[Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Rajendra Singh Paroda]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[G. Madhavan Nair]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Manmohan Attavar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Aditya Narain Purohit]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Prof.(Smt) Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi]] || Odisha || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Anil Kakodkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Pradhan Shambu Saran]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1998 || [[Vijay Kumar Saraswat]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Rajagopala Chidambaram]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Verghese Kurien]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[George Joseph (scientist)|George Joseph]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Anil Kakodkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Krishnamurthy Santhanam]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Mangina Venkateswara Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Satinder Kumar Sikka]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Mallasamudram Subramanyam Ramakumar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 1999 || [[Virendra Singh Sethi]] || Chandigarh || Science and Engineering
|}

== 2000–2009 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 2000 || [[Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Raghunath Anant Mashelkar]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Vasudev Kalkunte Aatre]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Late Dr. Suryanarayana Srinivasan]] (Posthumous) || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Braj Basi Lal]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Pavagada Venkata Indiresan]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Prof.(Dr.) Pakkiriswamy Chandra Sekharan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Ram Narain Agarwal]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Dilip Devidas Bhawalkar]] || Madhya Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Gurdev Singh Khush]] || Philippines || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Parasu Ram Mishra]] || Jharkhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2000 || [[Gopalasamy Govindarajan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Man Mohan Sharma]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Arun Netravali]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Palle Rama Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Raj Reddy]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[(Ms.) Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Chandrathil Gouri Krishnadas Nair]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Dasika Durga Prasada Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Madabusi Santanam Raghunathan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Paul Ratnasamy]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Prem Shanker Goel]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Sandip Kumar Basu]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Sanjaya Rajaram]] || Mexico || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Thirumalachari Ramasami]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Ashoke Sen]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Bikash Chandra Sinha]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Goverdhan Mehta]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Mohammad Shafi]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Tiruppattur Venkatachalamurti Ramakrishnan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Bisweswar Bhattacharjee]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2001 || [[Vijay Kumar Chaturvedi]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Vangalampalayam Chellappagounder Kulandaiswamy]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Faquir Chand Kohli]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Guri Ivanovich Marchuk]] || Russia || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Ramanujam Varatharaja Perumal]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Anand Swarup Arya]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[A. Sivathanu Pillai | Apathukatha Sivathanu Pillai]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Ashok Jhunjhunwala]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Byrana Nagappa Suresh]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Chaitanyamoy Ganguly]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Idupuganti Venkata Subba Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Kota Harinarayana]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Amitav Mallik]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Dorairajan Balasubramanian]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Padmanabhan Balaram]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Ramanath Cowsik]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Hirebettu Sadananda Kamath]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Katuru Narayana]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2002 || [[Virendra Kumar Sharma]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Arcot Ramachandran]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Herbert Alexandrovich Yefremov]] || Russia || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Bagicha Singh Minhas]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Rajinder Kumar (chemical engineer)|Rajinder Kumar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Ram Badan Singh]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Shri Krishna Joshi]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Narayanan Srinivasan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Gyan Chandra Mishra]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Jai Bhagwan Chowdhury]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Jai Pal Mittal]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Sarvagya Singh Katiyar]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Baburao Govindrao Shirke]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Asok Kumar Barua]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Gopal Chandra Mitra]] || Odisha || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Mahendra Singh Sodha]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Manthiram Natarajan]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Nagarajan Vedachalam]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Shivram Baburao Bhoje]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Sundaram Ramakrishnan]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2003 || [[Vadiraj Raghavendra Katti]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Jayant Vishnu Narlikar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Govindarajan Padmanaban]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Sardara Singh Johl]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Kudli Nanjunda Ghanapathi Shankara]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Lalji Singh]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Tumkur Seetharamiah Prahlad]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Vishweshwaraiah Prakash]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Mamannamana Vijayan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Rajpal Singh Sirohi]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Nalini Ranjan Mohanty]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Nampally Divakar]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2004 || [[Satish Kumar Kaura]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Narasimhiah Seshagiri]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Dr.(Smt.) Kiran Mazumdar Shaw]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Valangiman Subramanian Ramamurthy]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Koduru Iswara Varaprasad Reddy]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Dipankar Banerjee (metallurgist)|Dipankar Banerjee]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Srikumar Banerjee]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Bhagavatula Dattaguru]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Madappa Mahadevappa]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Madhu Sudan Kanungo]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Banwari Lal Chouksey]] || Madhya Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[K.C. Reddy]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Sushil Sahai]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2005 || [[Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Norman E. Borlaug]] || Mexico || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Obaid Siddiqi]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Charles Correa]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Madhav Gadgil]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Kunnath Puthiyaveetil Padmanabhan Nambiar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Nandan Mohan Nilekani]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[S. Sivaram]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[(Dr.) Harsh Kumar Gupta]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Narendra Kumar (physicist)|Narendra Kumar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Ramachandran Balasubramanian]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Seyed E. Hasnain]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2006 || [[Banbehari Vishnu Nimbkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[E. C. George Sudarshan | Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[(Smt.) Manju Sharma]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Gurcharan Singh Kalkat]] || Chandigarh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Saroj Ghose]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Vilayanur Subramanian Ramachandran]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Baldev Raj]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Rabi Narayan Bastia]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Thekkethil Kochandy Alex]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[(Dr.) Khadg Singh Valdiya]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Dilip Biswas]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Sudhir Kumar Sopory]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Thanu Padmanabhan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2007 || [[Kiran Sharadchandra Karnik]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[E. Sreedharan]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[Rajendra Kumar Pachauri]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[Vasant Ranchhod Gowariker]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[(Dr.) Sukh Dev]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[Asis Datta]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[Sant Singh Virmani]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[(Dr.) Kasturi Lal Chopra]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[Joseph H. Hulse]] || Canada || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2008 || [[Bhavarlal Hiralal Jain]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Anil Kakodkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[G. Madhavan Nair]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Bhakta Bhushan Rath]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[G.S. Randhawa]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Conjeeveram Srirangachari Seshadri]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[(Dr.) Sarvagya Singh Katiyar]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Thomas Kailath]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Satyan Pitroda]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Pramod Tandon]] || Meghalaya || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2009 || [[Goriparthi Narasimha Raju Yadav]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|}

== 2010–2019 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 2010 || [[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]] || United Kingdom || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Arogyaswami Joseph Paulraj]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Bikash Sinha]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Jagdish Chandra Kapur]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Vijay Prasad Dimri]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[(Dr.) Palpu Pushpangadan]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[M.R. Satyanarayana Rao]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Ponisseril Somasundaran]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Pucadyil Ittoop John]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2010 || [[Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[Palle Rama Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[S. Ramachandran (scientist)|S. Ramachandran]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[M. H. Mehta]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[Mani Bhaumik]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[Subra Suresh]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[Suman Sahai]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[E. A. Siddiq]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[M. Annamalai (scientist)|M. Annamalai]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[C. N. Raghavendran]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2011 || [[Gopalan Nair Shankar]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Madabusi Santanam Raghunathan]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Shashikumar Madhusudan Chitre]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Adimurthy Vipparthi]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Krishan Lal Chadha]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Lokesh Kumar Singhal]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Vijaipal Singh]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Jagadish Shukla]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai]] || Jammu and Kashmir || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Virander Singh Chauhan]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2012 || [[Yagnaswamy Sundara Rajan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Roddam Narasimha]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Yash Pal]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[A. Sivathanu Pillai | Apathukatha Sivathanu Pillai]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Byrana Nagappa Suresh]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Vijay Kumar Saraswat]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Ashoke Sen]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Jogesh Chandra Pati]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Satya Nadham Atluri]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Deepak Bhaskar Phatak]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[J. Gowrishankar]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Ajay Kumar Sood]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Krishnaswamy Vijayraghavan]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Manindra Agrawal]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Mustansir Barma]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Sanjay Govind Dhande]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Sankar Kumar Pal]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Sharad Pandurang Kale]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2013 || [[Avinash Chander]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Raghunath Anant Mashelkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Anumolu Ramakrishna]] (Posthumous) || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Koppillil Radhakrishnan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Madappa Mahadevappa]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Thirumalachari Ramasami]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Vinod Prakash Sharma]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Jyeshtharaj Bhalchandra Joshi]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[P. Balaram]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Ajay Parida]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Brahma Singh]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Govindan Sundararajan]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Malapaka Yejneswara Satyanarayana Prasad]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Eluvathingal Devassy Jemmis]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Jayanta Kumar Ghosh]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Ramakrishna Vijayacharya Hosur]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Ramaswamy R. Iyer]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Vinod K. Singh|Vinod Kumar Singh]] || Madhya Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Alur Seelin Kiran Kumar]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[M. Chandradathan]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Ravi Bhushan Grover]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2014 || [[Sekhar Basu]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Prof.i Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Vijay Bhatkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Khadg Singh Valdiya]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Manjul Bhargava]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[N. Prabhakar]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Prahlada]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[S.K. Shivakumar]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Jacques Blamont]] || France || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[S. Arunan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2015 || [[Vasanth Sastri]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[Vasudev Kalkunte Aatre]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[A. V. Rama Rao | Alla Venkata Rama Rao]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[Mylswamy Annadurai]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[Satish Kumar]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[Dipankar Chatterji]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[Onkar Nath Srivastava]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[Prof.(Dr.) Ganapati Dadasaheb Yadav]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2016 || [[(Prof.) Veena Tandon]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2017 || [[Udipi Ramachandra Rao]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2017 || [[Ajoy Kumar Ray]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2017 || [[Chandrakant Pithawa]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2017 || [[Jitendra Nath Goswami]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2017 || [[Chintakindi Mallesham]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2018 || [[Amitava Roy]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2018 || [[Vikram Chandra Thakur]] || Uttarakhand || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2018 || [[Rajagopalan Vasudevan]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2018 || [[Manas Bihari Verma]] || Bihar || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2019 || [[Sankaralingam Nambi Narayanan]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2019 || [[Uddhab Kumar Bharali]] || Assam || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2019 || [[Baldev Singh Dhillon]] || Punjab || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2019 || [[Rohini Madhusudan Godbole]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2019 || [[Subhash Kak]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|}

== 2020–2029 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Name !! State !! Field
|-
| 2020 || [[Raman Gangakhedkar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[Sujoy Kumar Guha]] || Bihar || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[Sudhir Jain]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[Naveen Khanna]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[Kattungal Subramaniam Manilal]] || Kerala || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[Vashishtha Narayan Singh]] (Posthumous) || Bihar || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[T. Pradeep]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2020 || [[Harish Chandra Verma]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2021 || [[Narinder Singh Kapany]] (Posthumous) || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2021 || [[Rattan Lal]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Sanjaya Rajaram]] (Posthumous) || Mexico || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Subbanna Ayyappan]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Aditya Prasad Dash]] || Odisha || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Motilal Madan]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Anil K. Rajvanshi]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Ajay Kumar Sonkar]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2022 || [[Jyantkumar Maganlal Vyas]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Deepak Dhar]] || Maharashtra || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Khadar Valli Dudekula]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Modadugu Vijay Gupta]] || Telangana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Nagappa Ganesh Krishnarajanagar]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Arvind Kumar (academic)|Arvind Kumar]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Mahendra Pal]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Bakshi Ram]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Sujatha Ramdorai]] || Karnataka || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2023 || [[Abbareddy Nageswara Rao]] || Andhra Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Narayan Chakrabarty]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Ram Chet Chaudhary]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Shailesh Nayak]] || Gujarat || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Hari Om (academic)| Hari Om]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Eklabya Sharma]] || West Bengal || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Ram Chander Sihag]] || Haryana || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2024 || [[Ravi Prakash Singh]] || Mexico || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[Vinod Dham]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[Ajay V Bhatt]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[Ashutosh Sharma (scientist)|Ashutosh Sharma]] || Uttar Pradesh || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[Chetan E Chitnis]] || France || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[M D Srinivas]] || Tamil Nadu || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[Sethuraman Panchanathan]] || United States of America || Science and Engineering
|-
| 2025 || [[Surinder Kumar Vasal]] || Delhi || Science and Engineering
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of Padma Shri award recipients]]

Southern Angami I Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T15:46:04Z

Ovfanclub786: new the stub added tags...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Southern Angami I Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Southern Angami I
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| district = [[Kohima district|Kohima]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaland]]
| established = 1964
| constituency_no = 14
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Kevipodi Sophie]]
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:14482}}<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Southern Angami I''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Kohima district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It is also part of [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/southern-angami-ii.html|title=Southern Angami II Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|website=elections.in|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1964]]
| Ngurohie Zao
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| Vitsonei Kirha
| {{Full party name with color|United Front of Nagaland}}
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Vitsonei Kirha
| {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Front (Nagaland)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Vitsonei Kirha
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| Puse Zhotso
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| Dietho-o Yhoshü
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Mavil Khieya
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Ruguozelhou
| {{Full party name with color|Nagaland People's Council}}
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| Mavil Khieya
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Medokul Sophie
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Vikho-o Yhoshü]]
| {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| Vikho-o Yhoshü
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Vikho-o Yhoshü
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2020 (by-election)]]
| [[Medo Yhokha]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| Kevipodi Sophie
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kevipodi Sophie]] |party=Independent politician |votes=6,643 |percentage=50.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Medo Yhokha]]|party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party|votes=6,466|percentage=49.18%|change=-2.02%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=38|percentage=0.29%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=177 |percentage=1.35% |change=-16.97% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=13,147|percentage=90.78%|change=5.91%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,482 |change =8.12% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |swing= -0.68% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vikho-o Yhoshü]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=5,821 |percentage=51.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medokul Sophie |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=3,739 |percentage=32.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khrielezo Bio |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,366 |percentage=12.02% |change=-56.05% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nagakul Tase |party=Indian National Congress |votes=337 |percentage=2.96% |change=-28.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=105 |percentage=0.92% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,082 |percentage=18.31% |change=-18.03% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,368 |percentage=84.87% |change= -7.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,394 |change =-0.04% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -16.86% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vikho-o Yhoshü]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,413 |percentage=68.07% |change=10.42% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nagakul Tase |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,921 |percentage=31.72% |change=-10.88% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,492 |percentage=36.34% |change=21.30% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,360 |percentage=92.24% |change= 5.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,400 |change =-0.92% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 10.42% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vikho-o Yhoshü]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=6,774 |percentage=57.65% |change=31.98% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medokul Sophie |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,006 |percentage=42.60% |change=12.37% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,768 |percentage=15.05% |change=10.48% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,751 |percentage=87.10% |change= 10.25% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,525 |change =10.14% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 27.41% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Medokul Sophie |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,845 |percentage=30.23% |change=-15.11% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mavil Khieya |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,415 |percentage=25.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khielezo |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=2,272 |percentage=24.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nagakul Tase |party=Independent politician |votes=1,878 |percentage=19.96% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=430 |percentage=4.57% |change=-4.75% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,410 |percentage=76.63% |change= -14.43% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,280 |change =6.24% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -30.07% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mavil Khieya |party=Independent politician |votes=3,964 |percentage=54.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Tase |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,288 |percentage=45.34% |change=9.59% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=676 |percentage=9.32% |change=-15.23% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,252 |percentage=64.30% |change= -26.75% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,559 |change =14.99% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -5.64% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ruguozelhou |party=Naga People's Front |votes=5,448 |percentage=60.30% |change=13.30% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mavil Khieya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,230 |percentage=35.75% |change=-17.25% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siz-O-Kire |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=357 |percentage=3.95% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,218 |percentage=24.55% |change=18.55% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,035 |percentage=91.06% |change= 1.53% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,052 |change =45.87% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 7.30% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mavil Khieya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,241 |percentage=53.00% |change=31.80% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dietho-o Yhoshü |party=Naga People's Front |votes=2,874 |percentage=47.00% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=367 |percentage=6.00% |change=-9.66% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,115 |percentage=89.52% |change= 5.35% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,891 |change =-0.12% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 16.14% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Diethoo |party=Independent politician |votes=2,123 |percentage=36.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puse Zhotso |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,221 |percentage=21.20% |change=7.99% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vitsonei K. Angami |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,220 |percentage=21.18% |change=-17.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Zao |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,196 |percentage=20.76% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=902 |percentage=15.66% |change=6.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,760 |percentage=84.17% |change= 11.63% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,899 |change =1.08% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= -10.88% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Puse |party=Independent politician |votes=2,338 |percentage=47.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vitsonei K. Angami |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,913 |percentage=39.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mavil Khieya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=647 |percentage=13.21% |change=-10.95% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=425 |percentage=8.68% |change=-7.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,898 |percentage=72.54% |change= -3.19% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,825 |change =12.81% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= 5.71% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vitsonei K. Angami |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,885 |percentage=42.02% |change=-7.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Zao Angami |party=Independent politician |votes=1,140 |percentage=25.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kehozhol Khieya |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,084 |percentage=24.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Medovillie |party=National Convention of Nagaland |votes=377 |percentage=8.40% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=745 |percentage=16.61% |change=4.45% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,486 |percentage=75.74% |change= 2.82% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,050 |change =10.18% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -7.01% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vitsonie |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=1,916 |percentage=49.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kehozhol Khieya |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,441 |percentage=36.87% |change=8.26% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kethovi |party=Independent politician |votes=551 |percentage=14.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=475 |percentage=12.15% |change=-13.17% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,908 |percentage=72.92% |change= -10.16% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,491 |change =52.82% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=United Front of Nagaland |swing= -4.91% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1969 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vitsonie |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=1,610 |percentage=53.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kehozhol Khieya |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=854 |percentage=28.61% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuodio Angami |party=Independent politician |votes=521 |percentage=17.45% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=756 |percentage=25.33% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,985 |percentage=83.08% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,593 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Front of Nagaland |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1966 Assembly by-election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1966 Nagaland Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=K. Khieya |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1964 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Southern Angami I}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ngurohie Zao |party=Independent politician |votes=1,205 |percentage=46.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kehozhol Khieya |party=Independent politician |votes=981 |percentage=37.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vitsonie |party=Independent politician |votes=409 |percentage=15.76% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=224 |percentage=8.63% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,595 |percentage=88.72% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,925 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Southern Angami II Assembly constituency]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|25.56|94.11|display=title}}

[[Category:Kohima district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]

Khairatabad Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:14Z

Ovfanclub786: New First Page Added Tags

Mahim Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:21:40Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up a post

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mahim
| constituency_no = 181
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 181-Mahim.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South Central]]
| district = [[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Mahesh Sawant]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| electors = 225,975
}}
'''Mahim Assembly constituency''' is a part of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[Western India]]; it is a segment of [[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

==Overview==
It is a part of [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other assembly constituencies, viz [[Dharavi Assembly constituency|Dharavi]], [[Sion Koliwada Assembly constituency|Sion Koliwada]], [[Wadala Assembly constituency|Wadala]], from Mumbai City district and [[Chembur Assembly constituency|Chembur]] and [[Anushakti Nagar Assembly constituency|Anushakti Nagar]] from [[Mumbai Suburban district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan=2 | Frederick Michael Pinto || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=4 | Frederick Michael Pinto || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Sham Shetty || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=4 | Suresh Anant Gambhir || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|''Major boundary changes''<ref>The constituency of Dadar was merged into Mahim</ref>
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Nitin Sardesai|Nitin Vijayakumar Sardesai]] || {{Full party name with color|Maharashtra Navnirman Sena}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Sada Sarvankar]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Mahesh Sawant|Mahesh Baliram Sawant]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Mahim">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Mahim |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13181.htm |access-date=30 December 2024 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230145528/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13181.htm |archive-date=30 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lowest win margins in Maharashtra, one candidate won by just 162 votes">{{cite news |last1=Hindustantimes |title=Lowest win margins in Maharashtra, one candidate won by just 162 votes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lowest-win-margins-in-maharashtra-elections-one-candidate-won-by-just-208-votes-101732374888233-amp.html |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124063336/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lowest-win-margins-in-maharashtra-elections-one-candidate-won-by-just-208-votes-101732374888233-amp.html |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Mahesh Sawant|Mahesh Baliram Sawant]] |party=Shiv Sena (UBT) |votes = 50,213 |percentage = 37.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sada Sarvankar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 48,897 |percentage = 36.75% |change={{decrease}}14.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Amit Raj Thackeray |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 33,062 |percentage = 24.85% |change={{decrease}}10.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,553 |percentage = 1.17% |change={{decrease}}2.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,316 |percentage = 0.99% |change= {{decrease}}14.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 134,599 |percentage = 59.56% |change= {{increase}}7.87 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 133,046}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 225,975|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena (UBT) |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}13.32 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sada Sarvankar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 61,337 |percentage = 51.06% |change={{increase}}16.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sandeep Sudhakar Deshpande |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 42,690 |percentage = 35.54% |change={{increase}}5.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pravin Naik |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 15,246 |percentage = 12.69% |change={{increase}}3.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 3,912 |percentage = 3.26% |change={{increase}}1.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohanish Ravindra Raul |party=Independent politician |votes = 843 |percentage = 0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,647 |percentage = 15.52% |change= {{increase}}11.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 124,078 |percentage = 52.69% |change= {{decrease}}6.76 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 120,116}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 235,479|ref = |change= {{increase}}1.25 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}16.61 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sada Sarvankar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 46,291 |percentage = 34.46% |change={{increase}}6.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Sardesai|Nitin Vijayakumar Sardesai]] |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 40,350 |percentage = 30.04% |change={{decrease}}7.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ambekar Vilas Ramesh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 33,446 |percentage = 24.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pravin Naik |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 11,917 |percentage = 8.87% |change={{decrease}}22.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,918 |percentage = 1.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Parab |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 1,219 |percentage = 0.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,941 |percentage = 4.42% |change= {{decrease}}2.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 136,276 |percentage = 58.60% |change= {{increase}}7.37 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 134,341}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 232,566|ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.05 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |swing= {{decrease}}3.36 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nitin Sardesai|Nitin Vijayakumar Sardesai]] |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 48,734 |percentage = 37.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sadananad Shankar Saravankar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,808 |percentage = 30.89% |change={{decrease}}15.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adesh Chandrakant Bandekar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 36,364 |percentage = 28.22% |change={{decrease}}20.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasant Bhaguji Jadhav |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,890 |percentage = 1.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,926 |percentage = 6.93% |change= {{increase}}4.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 128,865 |percentage = 50.40% |change= {{increase}}0.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 128,862}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 255,706|ref = |change= {{increase}}74.56 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}11.02 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Anant Gambhir |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 35,585 |percentage = 48.84% |change={{decrease}}7.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ajit Pandurang Sawant |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 33,581 |percentage = 46.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Girish Vinayak Raut |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,529 |percentage = 2.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Viraj Satish Ajgaonkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 537 |percentage = 0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Mohammed Hussain Mohammed Raza |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 530 |percentage = 0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,004 |percentage = 2.75% |change= {{decrease}}30.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,855 |percentage = 49.74% |change= {{increase}}1.46 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,855}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,485|ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}7.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Anant Gambhir |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 40,883 |percentage = 56.72% |change={{increase}}3.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaudhari Abdul Wahab Mohammadali |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 16,965 |percentage = 23.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kulkarni Sharadchandra Shantaram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 11,272 |percentage = 15.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shripad Martand Korde |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,860 |percentage = 2.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khan Khamruddin Haji Jamyat Khan |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,093 |percentage = 1.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,918 |percentage = 33.19% |change= {{increase}}6.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,079 |percentage = 48.28% |change= {{decrease}}13.65 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,073}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,283|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}3.95 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Anant Gambhir |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 45,601 |percentage = 52.78% |change={{increase}}9.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramanand Laud |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,356 |percentage = 25.88% |change={{decrease}}3.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Martis Clifford Lawarence |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 16,252 |percentage = 18.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Shivagan |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |votes = 889 |percentage = 1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,245 |percentage = 26.90% |change= {{increase}}13.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 88,091 |percentage = 63.15% |change= {{increase}}3.76 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,400}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,505|ref = |change= {{decrease}}5.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}9.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh Anant Gambhir |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 37,587 |percentage = 43.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shyam Shetty |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,652 |percentage = 29.83% |change={{decrease}}9.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Martis Clifford Lawrence |party=Janata Dal |votes = 22,107 |percentage = 25.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,935 |percentage = 13.88% |change= {{increase}}9.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,097 |percentage = 58.91% |change= {{increase}}9.08 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,002}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,848|ref = |change= {{increase}}21.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sham Shetty |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,416 |percentage = 39.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pinto Frederic Michael |party=Janata Party |votes = 20,999 |percentage = 35.04% |change={{decrease}}17.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suresh A. Gambhir |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,053 |percentage = 23.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dossani Abdul Razzak Mohammed Ishaque |party=Lokdal |votes = 520 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chimanbhai Goyal |party=Independent politician |votes = 375 |percentage = 0.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,417 |percentage = 4.03% |change= {{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,713 |percentage = 49.74% |change= {{increase}}7.68 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,922}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,070|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}13.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Frederick Michael Pinto |party=Janata Party |votes = 25,254 |percentage = 52.25% |change={{decrease}}12.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kunte Prabhakar Kashinath |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 23,083 |percentage = 47.75% |change={{increase}}34.88 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,171 |percentage = 4.49% |change= {{decrease}}47.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,990 |percentage = 41.97% |change= {{decrease}}18.25 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,337}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,734|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.15 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Frederick Michael Pinto |party=Janata Party |votes = 42,774 |percentage = 64.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chitre P. M. |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 8,550 |percentage = 12.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Keny Ramkrishna Mangesh |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 8,061 |percentage = 12.13% |change={{decrease}}21.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashalata Vithalrao Toraskar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 6,697 |percentage = 10.08% |change={{decrease}}53.52 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 34,224 |percentage = 51.52% |change= {{increase}}21.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 67,390 |percentage = 60.52% |change= {{decrease}}9.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,428}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,352|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.79 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Frederick Michael Pinto |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,508 |percentage = 63.61% |change={{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hemchandra Gupte |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 21,167 |percentage = 34.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Desmondanthony D. Souza |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 1.74% |change={{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,341 |percentage = 29.53% |change= {{increase}}5.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,043 |percentage = 70.35% |change= {{increase}}0.68 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,114}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,614|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Frederick Michael Pinto |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,152 |percentage = 50.01% |change={{increase}}13.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=D. S. Pradhan |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 14,474 |percentage = 25.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. M. Bhave |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 11,910 |percentage = 21.16% |change={{decrease}}1.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. D. Trikha |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 1,216 |percentage = 2.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. R. Patke |party=Independent politician |votes = 540 |percentage = 0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,678 |percentage = 24.30% |change= {{increase}}19.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 58,822 |percentage = 71.72% |change= {{increase}}12.17 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,292}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,018|ref = |change= {{increase}}0.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing= {{increase}}8.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Frederick Michael Pinto |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 19,036 |percentage = 41.28% |change={{decrease}}17.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lakshmikant Narayan Welingker |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,729 |percentage = 36.27% |change={{decrease}}5.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Keshav Laxman Kambale |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 10,353 |percentage = 22.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,307 |percentage = 5.00% |change= {{decrease}}12.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,923 |percentage = 59.90% |change= {{decrease}}11.19 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,118}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,679|ref = |change= {{increase}}40.25 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing= {{decrease}}17.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mahim<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Frederick Michael Pinto |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 23,090 |percentage = 58.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kataria Takandas Hemraj |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,310 |percentage = 41.40% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,780 |percentage = 17.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,400 |percentage = 67.65% |change= ''New'' }} {{Election box total valid |votes= 39,400}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,239|ref = |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|19|02|24.49|N|72|49|54.10|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Vaikunta Perumal Mangadu

2026-03-25T18:32:56Z

Ovfanclub786: new first article needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2016}}
'''Sri Vaikunta Perumal (Vaikunda Perumal) temple''' is a Vishnu temple situated about half a kilometer from the Kamakshi Temple [[Mangadu]]. It is administered by a trustee and the HR & CE departments of the Government of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The temple has a fairly large Ghoshala (Cow Care Center) housing more than 15 cows and calves. Daily poojas are conducted according to the Vaighanasa Agama as laid out by Sree Viganasha Acharya.

==Mythology==
According to the mythology associated with the temple, Lord [[Vishnu]] accompanied by his consorts Sree Bhoodevi and Sree Shridevi visited this town to attend the purported marriage of Sree [[Kamakshi]] with Lord [[Shiva]] in his capacity as brother of Sree Kamakshi. He had to return as the scheduled marriage could not be solemnized in Mangadu. It is said that it is mandatory for Pilgrims visiting to Mangadu Kamakshi Amman Temple must also visit this Temple along with the Valleeswarar Temple and offer their prayers.

==The Temple==
The Temple has a five Tier Vimana facing the Main road in the east direction. There is a Shrine for Thirukachi Nambi - Saint Philosopher and Guide to Sree [[Ramanujacharya]] in a seated posture. An idol of Sree [[Ramanujacharya]] has also been installed. Lord Vishnu is seen sporting a Ring that he had to present to Shri [[Kamakshi]] in his right palm. He is in a seated posture flanked by his consorts. Sage [[Markandeya]] Maharishi is seen in a seated posture meditating before the Lord. The Lord holds Chakra (Discuss) Shanku (Conch) in his upper arms. The Discuss and the Conch are carved out in a similar design to the Discuss and Conch in the Valleeswarar Temple, suggesting both the temples have origins around the same time. The Temple also houses separate shrines for Goddess Kanakavalli Thayar (Lakshmi) and Sree [[Andal]]. There are also separate shrines for Sree Chakarathalwar ([[Sudarshana]]) and [[Anjaneya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenmesg.org/temples_chennai/m/mangadu_vaikuntha_perumal_temple.php|title = Vaikuntha Perumal Temple, Mangadu, Chennai suburb}}</ref>

== References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Vishnu temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kanchipuram district]]

Hamid Raza Khan

2026-03-25T14:43:58Z

Ovfanclub786: brief adjust section after review and fixed typos

{{short description|20th-century Indian Islamic scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Hamid Raza Khan Qadri
| honorific-suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| module = {{Infobox officeholder|embed=yes
| order =[[President (corporate title)|President]] of the [[Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mufti Muhammad Hamid |first1=Raza Khan Qadri |title=President |url=https://www.jamatrazaemustafa.org/about.php?id=maulana-hamid-raza-khan |website=Jamat Raza -E- Mustafa |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref>
| office =
| term_start = 1921
| term_end = 1943
| predecessor = [[Ahmed Raza Khan]]
| successor = [[Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri]]}}
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| Maddhab = [[Hanafi]]
| school_tradition = [[Maturidi]]
| Sufi_order = [[Qadri]], Barkati, [[Razvi]]
| pen_name = Hamid
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| citizenship = {{Flag|British India|name=British Indian}}
| birth_name = Muhammad
| birth_date = 1875
| birth_place = [[Bareilly]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1943|05|23|1875}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://habibur.com/hijri/1292/3/|title=Islamic Hijri Calendar for Rabi al-awwal - 1292 Hijri}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Bareilly]], [[United Provinces (1937-50)|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| resting_place = [[Bareilly|Dargah E Aala Hazrat]], [[Bareilly | Bareilly Sharif]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| children = [[Muhammad Ibrahim Raza Khan Qadri Razvi]], Hammad Raza Khan
| father = [[Ahmed Raza Khan]]
| title = [[Hujjat al-Islam]], Shahzada E Aala Hazrat
| period = Modern era
| predecessor = [[Ahmed Raza Khan]]
| successor = [[Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri]]
| profession = [[Islamic scholar]]
| image =
| background = green
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| known_for = Fatawa Hamidiyah
}}
{{Barelvi}}
'''Hamid Raza Khan Qadri''' was an [[Islamic scholar]] and mystic of the [[Barelvi]] movement. Qadri was born in 1875 ([[Rabi' al-awwal]] 1292 [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]]), in [[Bareilly]], [[India]]. His name at the time of his ''[[aqeeqah]]'' was Muhammad, as it was family tradition.<ref name="familyhistory">{{Cite web |title=The family history of Tajush Shariah |url=http://www.taajushshariah.com/familyhistory/hujjatulislam.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=www.taajushshariah.com |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924112751/http://www.taajushshariah.com/familyhistory/hujjatulislam.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Lineage==
Mawlana Hamid Raza Khan was the son of [[Ahmad Raza Khan|Imam Ahmad Raza Khan]], the son of Mawlana Naqi Ali Khan, the son of Mawlana Raza Ali Khan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ziaetaiba.com/en/scholar/hazrat-molana-shah-hamid-raza-barelvi/parents-of-scholar/1 |title=Parents of Hamid Raza Khan |access-date=23 February 2017 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822113359/https://www.ziaetaiba.com/en/scholar/hazrat-molana-shah-hamid-raza-barelvi/parents-of-scholar/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{Lineage
| 1|-1|[[Naqi Ali Khan]]|1830-1880
| 2| 1|[[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi|Ahmad Raza Khan]] |1856 -1921
| 3| 1|[[Hassan Raza Khan]]|1859 -1908
| 4| 1|Muhammad Raza Khan|
| 5| 1|3 Daughters|
| 6| 2|Hamid Raza Khan |1875 -1943
| 7| 2|[[Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri|Mustafa Raza Khan]]|1892–1981
| 8| 2|5 Daughters|
}}

==Education==
He received his early education from his father. He completed his formal Islamic studies at 19. He was proficient in Arabic and Persian, as well as ahadith, fiqh, philosophy and mathematics.<ref name="zamzam">[http://www.thezamzam.com/hujjat-al-islam-hamid-raza-khan.php] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717043816/http://www.thezamzam.com/hujjat-al-islam-hamid-raza-khan.php|date=17 July 2011}}</ref>

==Literary works==
He translated ''Ad Daulatul Makkiya Bil Mad'datil Ghaibiya'' from Arabic to Urdu. It explains knowledge of the unseen in the life of [[Muhammad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ziaetaiba.com/en/scholar/hazrat-molana-shah-hamid-raza-barelvi |title=Acquisition of Knowledge |access-date=23 February 2017 |archive-date=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919071111/http://www.ziaetaiba.com/en/scholar/hazrat-molana-shah-hamid-raza-barelvi |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Khan's works include:<ref name="familyhistory"/>
*''As Saarimur Rabaani alaa Asraaf Qaadiyani''(Refuting [[Ahmadiyyah]] Sect)
*Translation of ''Ad Daulatul Makkiyah''
*Translation of ''Kiflul Faqeeh Alfahim Fi Hukme Qirats addarahim''
*''Haashia Mulla Jalaal''
*''Naatia Deewaan''
*''Fatawa Hamidiyah''

==Death==
Mawlana Hamid Raza Khan died while praying on 17 [[Jumada al-awwal]] (23 May 1943). His funeral prayer was led by Muhaddith-e-Azam Pakistan, Mawlana Sardaar Ahmed. His tomb is beside his father.<ref name="familyhistory"/>

== See also ==
* [[Ahmad Raza Khan]]
* [[Mustafa Raza Khan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Hamid Raza}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:Hanafi fiqh scholars]]
[[Category:Barelvis]]
[[Category:Islam in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent]]
[[Category:Family of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi|Hamid]]
[[Category:Students of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Manzar-e-Islam]]

Rüza

2026-03-25T08:41:34Z

Ovfanclub786: Created a stub

Rüza (pronounced “ree-zah”) is an Indigenous rainwater harvesting system practiced by the [[Angami Naga]] and [[Chakhesang Naga]] tribes in [[Nagaland]].

==Terminology==
Rüza is also popularly known an Zabo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Sukanta |date=2020-02-27 |title=How the North East uses traditional means to harvest rain water |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/environment/how-the-north-east-uses-traditional-means-to-harvest-rain-water-69490 |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref> In the local [[Chokri language]], 'ruza,' means ‘impounding water or run-off water pond or tank for irrigation.’ However, researchers and reports have popularised its smaller system known as Zabo system.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Barasha |date=11 August 2023 |title=Ruza, a traditional water harvesting system for the water-scarce mountains |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2023/08/ruza-a-traditional-water-harvesting-system-for-the-water-scarce-mountains/ |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Mongabay-India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=North Eastern Himalaya : Traditional Water Harvesting Systems |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/nehr_tradi.htm |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}</ref>

==Practice==
[[Kikrüma]], a [[rainshadow]] village in [[Phek district]], practices Rüza to overcome [[water scarcity]] and ensure good agricultural harvest.<ref name=":0" /> The village lies at an elevation of 1604.1 msl. It has a [[Temperate climate|temperate]] highland, [[tropical climate]] and witnesses a dry winter. Its annual rainfall is around 461mm.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lairenjam |first=Chitrasen |last2=Verma |first2=A. K. |last3=Jha |first3=K. K. |last4=Ram |first4=Sewak |last5=Kiba |first5=L. G. |date=2025 |title=Ruza: An Indigenous Farming System Practiced in the Hills of Nagaland, North-East India |url=https://environmentandecology.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MS19-Ruza-An-Indigenous-Farming-System-Practiced.pdf |journal=Environment and Ecology |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=535–541 |doi=10.60151/envec/BAHW3246}}</ref>

While the village ancestors lived by the river and cultivated near the riverbank, the population increase mandated shifting smaller hamlets to higher elevations. In addition, the Seidzü river and Khuza rivers, which flow to the south and north of the village respectively, are seasonal rivers and do not meet its water needs.<ref name=":0" /> The lack of permanent water source and scanty rainfall led to the development of the Rüza system around a hundred years ago. The village receives only 461.18mm rainfall annually while [[Nagaland]] state receives over 2000mm in just 150 days of rainfall.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Barasha |date=2023-08-15 |title=A Naga village’s unique water management system can be a lesson for the rest of India |url=https://scroll.in/article/1054254/a-naga-villages-unique-water-management-system-can-be-a-lesson-for-the-rest-of-india |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

The practice involves impounding run-off water in ponds, using gravity-based irrigation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Laskar |first=Nirban |date=2022-11-28 |title=Reviving traditional rain-water harvesting system and artificial groundwater recharge |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12046-022-02035-6 |journal=Sādhanā |language=en |volume=47 |issue=4 |pages=258 |doi=10.1007/s12046-022-02035-6 |issn=0973-7677|url-access=subscription }}</ref> These ponds, spreading to about 0.2 hectares, are located at a higher elevation and narrow drains connect them to the farms below. The runoff water is channelised through cattle yards too. This cleans the yards and carries manure to the fields below. The forest lands are the main [[Drainage basin|catchment areas]]. The village residents cut channels in the forests to facilitate the rainwater to the ponds.<ref name=":0" />

In 2023, there were over 200 harvesting ponds in Kikruma and each is shared by multiple farmers to irrigate the adjoining fields. The system was practiced by over 950 households in the village. 26 hectares of farmland was cultivated under the Ruza system.<ref name=":0" /> Poruba, the neighbouring Chakhesang village also now practice Rüza, which they call Zabii. [[Chozuba]] and [[Pfütsero]] also practice Ruza albeit in smaller scale.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Jyoti |date=2025 |title=Indigenous knowledge and sustainable development: Rüza—A traditional water management practice in Phek district, Nagaland |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sd.3104 |journal=Sustainable Development |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=349–363 |doi=10.1002/sd.3104 |issn=0968-0802 |via=Wiley|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Zabo ===
Zabo is a small pit dug within a paddy field, ideally used for rearing fish.<ref name=":1" />

==Farming==
The Zabo or Rüza system is an integrated form of farming comprising forestry, horticulture, agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry with well-founded soil and water conservation base. The main crop is [[rice]], of which over 15 varieties are cultivated in Rüza-supported farms, both sticky and non-sticky varieties. The yield of paddy is about three to four tonnes per hectare.<ref name=":0" />

Like most Indigenous farming practice in Nagaland, rice is grown along with other fruits and vegetables in the jhum fields. Those in Kikrüma include, mango, guava, banana, papaya, pomegranate, corn, potato, [[chayote]], [[taro]], cucumber, cabbage, garlic, [[tamarillo]], [[ghost pepper]], among others. Pulses and beans are also grown along.<ref name=":1" />

Most farmers practice [[Rice polyculture]], with paddy and fish together.<ref name=":2" /> Saplings of the common carp, Asian snakehead and snails, are kept in Zabo, dug amid the paddy fields. Post transplantation, the saplings move to the wet paddy fields for scavenging and to mature. On average 50-60 kilograms of fish are harvested per hectare.<ref name=":0" />

Due to increasing water scarcity, some other villages in Phek district are also adopting Ruza on a smaller scale.

==Indigenous Knowledge==

Children learn the traditional system by watching and helping their family from a very young age, especially during the farming season. School students are also enrolled to help with rice transplantation during their vacation, usually by the end of May.<ref name=":0" />

== Government support ==
Lack of government and institutional support hinders the practice from being adopted by other villages and hamlets.<ref name=":3" />

== Also see ==
[[Cheo-ozihi]], rainwater harvesting practice at [[Kigwema]].

== References ==
<references />

{{Nagaland}}

[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Agriculture and the environment]]

Mysuru Junction–MGR Chennai Central Vande Bharat Express

2026-03-19T08:01:15Z

Ovfanclub786:

{{Italic title}}{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[MGR Chennai Central–Mysuru Vande Bharat Express]], India's 5th semi high-speed Vande Bharat Express train}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = FF7220
| name = Mysuru - MGR Chennai Central ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo_width =
| image = Mysuru - Chennai Central Mini Vande Bharat Express.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| image_alt =
| alt =
| caption = This 46th Mini Vande Bharat Express train arriving at {{rws|KSR Bengaluru}}
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]
| first = {{start date|2024|03|12|df=y}} (Inaugural) {{start date and age|14 March 2024|df=yes}} (Commercial)
| last =
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railways (SWR)]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Mysuru Junction]] '''(MYS)'''
| stops = 4
| end = [[Chennai Central railway station|MGR Chennai Central]] '''(MAS)'''
| distance = {{convert|497|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 06 hrs 25 mins
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Thursdays}}
| trainnumber = 20663 / 20664
| line_used = *[[Mysore–Bangalore line|Mysuru–KSR Bengaluru line]]
*[[Chennai Central–Bangalore City line|KSR Bengaluru - MGR Chennai Central line]]
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On board Catering
| observation = Large windows in all coaches
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Vande Bharat (trainset)|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]]
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|77|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
| trainlength = {{convert|192|m|ft}} (08 coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[South Western Railway zone|Mysuru Junction (MYS)]]
| map = {{Mysuru Junction–MGR Chennai Central VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}

The 20663/20664 '''Mysuru - MGR Chennai Central ''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 46th [[Vande Bharat Express|Vande Bharat Express train]], connecting the cultural capital city of [[Mysore|Mysuru]] in [[Karnataka]] with the coastal capital city [[Chennai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-09 |title=One more Vande Bharat to run between Mysuru and Chennai via Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/one-more-vande-bharat-to-run-between-mysuru-and-chennai-via-bengaluru/article67933097.ece |access-date=2024-03-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ಇನ್ಮೇಲೆ ಮೈಸೂರಿಂದ ಚೆನ್ನೈಗೆ ಬೆಳಗ್ಗೆ ಹೋಗಿ ರಾತ್ರಿ ವಾಪಸ್‌ ಬರಬಹುದು! ಬಂತು ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ವಂದೇ ಭಾರತ್‌ ರೈಲು! |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/mysuru/mysuru-to-chennai-new-vande-bharat-train-starts-from-april-5-here-the-time-table/articleshow/108352563.cms |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Mysuru-Chennai Vande Bharat Express: Ticket price, timings |url=https://www.news9live.com/business/biz-news/mysuru-chennai-vande-bharat-express-new-train-on-route-timings-ticket-price-2465739 |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref> This express train was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] via [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] from Ahmedabad on March 12, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=PM Modi flags off 10 new Vande Bharat Express trains today, four existing routes extended – Check full routes, new destinations and more |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-pm-modi-to-flag-off-10-new-vande-bharat-express-trains-today-four-existing-routes-to-see-expansion-check-full-routes-new-destinations-and-more-3421885/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhopadhyay |first=Sounak |date=2024-03-12 |title=Watch: PM Modi flags off 10 new Vande Bharat trains |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/watch-prime-minister-narendra-modi-flags-off-10-new-vande-bharat-trains-11710214806246.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
This train is operating by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Mysore Junction railway station|Mysuru Junction]] and [[Chennai Central railway station|MGR Chennai Central]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 20663/20664 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-09 |title=Karnataka to get 2 new Vande Bharat Express, including 1 for Kalyan Karnataka region |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-to-get-2-new-vande-bharat-express-9205345/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2024-03-09 |title=Vande Bharat to be flagged off between Bengaluru and Chennai on 12 March |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/karnataka-news-second-vande-bharat-to-be-flagged-off-between-bengaluru-and-chennai-on-12-march-11709997509946.html |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-12 |title=Prime Minister flags off second Vande Bharat train service from Chennai to Mysuru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/prime-minister-flags-off-second-vande-bharat-train-service-from-chennai-to-mysuru/article67942095.ece |access-date=2024-03-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

As per latest updates from [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railways]], this express train W.E.F. '''30 July 2024''' will operate on '''Wednesdays''' instead of '''Thursdays''' due to the maintenance schedule changes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-02 |title=Mysuru-Chennai Vande Bharat Express to Not Run on Thursdays From July 30 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/chennai/mysuru-chennai-vande-bharat-express-to-not-run-on-thursdays-from-july-30-article-108971735 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Online |date=2024-04-03 |title=Chennai - Mysuru Vande Bharat Express to run on all days except Thursday from July 30 |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/tamilnadu/vande-bharat-express-to-run-all-days-except-thursday-from-july-30-777776 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Rakes ==
It is the forty-fourth [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|2nd Generation]] and twenty-ninth [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat services|'''Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train''']] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Service ==

The 20663/20664 Mysuru Jn - MGR Chennai Ctrl Vande Bharat Express operates six days a week except Thursdays, covering a distance of {{cvt|497|km}} in a travel time of 6 hours with an average speed of {{cvt|76|km/h}}. The service has 4 intermediate stops. The Maximum Permissible Speed is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.

== Gallery ==
A couple of pictures on this particular express train shown below:-<gallery class="center" mode="packed-hover" heights="125" widths="200">
File:Chennai Central Mysuru Mini VB Express train.jpg|This Mini Vande Bharat Express train departing from [[Chennai Central railway station|MGR Chennai Central]]
File:Mysuru Junction - MGR Chennai Central Mini Vande Bharat Express.jpg|This Mini Vande Bharat Express formerly on standby at [[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal|SMVT Bengaluru]]
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[MGR Chennai Central–Mysuru Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Gatimaan Express]]
* [[Mysore Junction railway station]]
* [[Chennai Central railway station]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Transport in Mysore]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chennai]]

Mela (1980 film)

2026-03-15T23:15:45Z

Ovfanclub786: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{short description|1980 film by K. G. George}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mela
| image = Melafilmmm.png

| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[K. G. George]]
| producer = Prabhakaran Saidu Muhammad VK Sidharthan
| writer = [[Sreedharan Champad]] K. G. George
| screenplay = K. G. George Sreedharan Champad
| story = Sreedharan Champad
| based_on = {{Based on|''Mela''|Sreedharan Champad}}
| narrator =
| starring = Raghu Anjali Naidu [[Mammootty]]
| music = [[M. B. Sreenivasan]]
| cinematography = [[Ramachandra Babu]]
| editing = Ravi
| studio = Visal Movies
| distributor = Visal Movies
| released = {{Film date|1980|12|5|df=y}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mela''''' ({{translation|[[Fair]]}}) is a 1980 [[Malayalam]]-language Indian film directed by [[K. G. George]], starring Raghu, [[Anjali Naidu]], and [[Mammootty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/movie-cast/8083/mela.html |title=Mela|work=Oneindia|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714102017/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/movie-cast/8083/mela.html |date=2012-07-14|archive-date=14 July 2012}}</ref> It is noted for starring the shortest actor (Raghu) as the protagonist and in a full-length character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.msn.co.in/Entertainment/SouthCinema/SCGal_061207_1339.htm |title=Undapakru, shortest actor |publisher=MSN India |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206025745/http://content.msn.co.in/Entertainment/SouthCinema/SCGal_061207_1339.htm |archivedate=6 February 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/14264/Undapakru-shortest-actor.html |title=Undapakru, shortest actor |publisher=Yahoo! Movies News |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705232149/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/14264/Undapakru-shortest-actor.html |archivedate=2008-07-05 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The protagonist, working as a [[Circus clown|clown]] in a [[circus]] in the town, comes to visit his village. He is looking for a bride. The heroine, a tall lady, gets charmed by the wealthiness (compared to the other citizens of the village) of the protagonist even though he is a [[Dwarfism|dwarf]]. She assents to marriage. Married, they go to the town to join the circus camp.

Things come to a different world when they reach the circus. Here the clown is a very insignificant figure. His wife sees the difference very quick. She soon gets attracted to a heroic figure in the circus camp—[[Motorcycle stunt riding|motorcycle stuntsman]] Vijayan ([[Mammootty]]). They show the signs of moving into an affair. Some drama follows and the protagonist, the clown, hands over his wife to the bike jumper and commits suicide.

== Cast ==
*[[Mela Reghu|Raghu]] as Govindan Kutty, a [[circus clown]], the protagonist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/may/05/actor-mela-raghu-passes-away-at-60-2298552.html|title=Actor 'Mela' Raghu passes away at 60|date=5 May 2021 |publisher=New Indian Express}}</ref>
*[[Anjali Naidu]] as Sharada, the wife of the protagonist.
*[[Mammootty]] as Vijayan, a bike jumper in the [[circus]]
*Iringal Narayani as the mother of protagonist (Raghu)
*K. G. Pinarayi
*[[Mohan Elias (Sumesh)]]
*[[Sreenivasan]] as Balan
*Sharaff as Ramesh – Circus Manager
*Bhaskara Kurup

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. K. Arjunan]] and [[M. B. Sreenivasan]] and the lyrics were written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]] and [[Mullanezhi]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Jwaalaamukhi" (Bit) (from the film ''Moham Enna Pakshi'') || [[P. Susheela]] || [[O. N. V. Kurup]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Manassoru Maanthrikakkuthirayaay" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Mullanezhi]] ||
|-
| 3 || "Neelakkuda Choodi Maanam" || [[Selma George]] || Mullanezhi ||
|-
| 4 || "Shilpakalaa" (Bit) (from the film ''Moham Enna Pakshi'') || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || O. N. V. Kurup ||
|}

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0214944}}

[[Category:1980 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kannur]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. G. George]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about people with dwarfism]]

The 100 (film)

2026-03-15T17:17:31Z

Ovfanclub786: new the pg w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian Telugu-language film by Raghav Omkar Sasidhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The 100
| image = The 100 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Raghav Omkar Sasidhar
| writer = Raghav Omkar Sasidhar
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Ramesh Karutoori
* Venki Pushadapu
* J. Tharak Ram
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]]
* Misha Narang
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Shyam K. Naidu]]
| editing = Amar Reddy Kudumula
| music = [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
* Kria Film Corp
* Dhamma Productions
}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2025|07|11|df=y}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''The 100''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Raghav Omkar Sasidhar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=The 100 Movie Review: సాగర్ 'the 100' మూవీ రివ్యూ, మొగలి రేకులు సీరియల్ స్టార్‌కి హీరోగా బ్రేక్ దక్కిందా.. |url=https://telugu.timesnownews.com/entertainment/the-100-movie-review-mogali-rekulu-fame-sagar-aka-rk-naidu-latest-movie-the-100-review-article-152256505 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=Times Now Telugu |language=te}}</ref> The film features [[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]], Misha Narang and [[Dhanya Balakrishna]] in important roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-26 |title=RK Sagar returns to the silver screen with cop drama film 'The 100' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/rk-sagar-returns-to-the-silver-screen-with-cop-drama-film-the-100/articleshow/109616240.cms |access-date=2025-07-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The film was released on 11 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2025-06-23 |title=RK Sagar returns to cinema with intense crime thriller 'The 100' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/rk-sagar-returns-to-cinema-with-intense-crime-thriller-the-100-982113 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story begins with the suicide of Madhu Priya, a young woman who ends her life following a serious argument with her boyfriend, Sameer, an ethical hacker. Around the same time, Vikrant, an IPS officer in his probationary period who opposes police encounters, is assigned to a case involving a series of robberies and murders on the outskirts of Hyderabad.

During the early stages of the investigation, Vikrant encounters Aarthi, a courageous and outspoken woman whose attitude leaves a strong impression on him. However, their next meeting reveals a very different Aarthi—silent and withdrawn. After taking charge as Assistant Commissioner of Police, Vikrant makes significant progress in solving the robbery case and recovers a cache of stolen jewellery. Among the items, he identifies a piece belonging to Aarthi, which prompts him to investigate a traumatic incident from her past.

As Vikrant begins connecting the threads, a disturbing truth starts to emerge. What initially appears to be a series of unrelated crimes slowly unravels into a complex web linking Madhu Priya, Aarthi, and her father. Small yet significant clues drive Vikrant closer to a hidden conspiracy with far-reaching consequences.

"The 100" is a suspense-driven thriller that explores themes of trauma, justice, and resilience. The title itself takes on deeper meaning as Vikrant's investigation reveals not just the truth behind individual tragedies, but a larger commentary on systemic silence and accountability.

== Cast ==
* [[Sagar (actor)|Sagar]] as Vikranth
* Misha Narang as Aarthi
* [[Dhanya Balakrishna]] as Vidya
* Anand
* [[Kalyani Natarajan]]
* Vishnu Priya as Madhu
* Lakshmi Gopala Swamy
* Balakrishna
* Jayanth
* Tarak Ponnappa
* Vamsiraj Nekkanti
* Vajja Venkata Giridhar
* Temper Vamsi

== Music ==
The soundtrack and background score is composed by [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| title1 = Aakaasame
| length1 = 2:46
| lyrics1 = Rambabu Gosala
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title2 = Hey Meghale
| length2 = 3:15
| lyrics2 = Sri Harsha Emani
| extra2 = [[L. V. Revanth]], Sahithi Chaganti
| title3 = Kanule Kalise
| length3 = 3:43
| lyrics3 = Chaithanya Prasad
| extra3 = Sameera Bhardwaj
| title4 = Srunkhalalu Vidi
| length4 = 3:03
| lyrics4 = Kalyan Charavarthy Tripuraneni
| extra4 = Arun Kaundinya, Lokeshwar Edara, Kavya Chandhana, Lakshmi Meghana
}}

== Release and reception ==
''The 100'' was released on 11 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title='ది 100' మూవీ రివ్యూ {{!}} Mogali Rekulu Serial Fame RK Sagar The 100 Movie Review And Rating In Telugu {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/100-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-2501841 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

Divya Shree of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 2.5 out of 5 and wrote, "the film starts strong, it gradually loses momentum due to some predictable plot turns and melodramatic pacing".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 Movie Review: A thriller that starts strong but is let down by predictable turns |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/the-100/movie-review/122386739.cms |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Eenadu]]'' praised the performance of Sagar while criticizing the predictability of story and screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 Movie Review: రివ్యూ: 'ది 100'.. ఆర్కే సాగర్ నటించిన పోలీస్‌ డ్రామా ఎలా ఉందంటే |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/rk-sagar-latest-movie-the-100-review/0203/125124582 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>

The streaming rights of this movie were acquired by [[Lionsgate Play]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 29 August 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=RK Sagar’s The 100 OTT Release Date Confirmed on Lionsgate Play|url=https://telugubullet.com/rk-sagars-the-100-ott-release-date-confirmed-on-lionsgate-play/|work=telugubullet|accessdate=29 August 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15509506}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:100 (film), The}}
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2025 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 crime action films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]

Nasir Khan (Indian actor)

2026-03-15T14:35:24Z

Ovfanclub786:

{{Short description|Indian film actor (1924–1974)}}
{{other uses|Nasir Khan (disambiguation){{!}}Nasir Khan}}
{{upscaled images|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nasir Khan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|01|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Peshawar, [[North-West Frontier Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan)<ref name=cineplot1/>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1974|05|03|1924|01|11|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab]], India
| spouse = {{ubl|Suraya Nazir|[[Begum Para]]}}
| children = 2 (including [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]])
| relatives = [[Dilip Kumar]] (brother) [[Saira Banu]] (sister-in-law) [[K. Asif]] (brother-in-law) [[Rukhsana Sultana]] (niece)
| years_active = {{ubl|1945–1961|1972–1974}}
| occupation = [[Actor|Film actor]]
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
}}

'''Nasir Khan''' (11 January 1924 – 3 May 1974) was an Indian actor. He was the younger brother of actor [[Dilip Kumar]] and is the father of actor [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]].

==Career==
Nasir Khan made his acting debut in the 1945 film ''Mazdoor''. After a few films, he shifted to Lahore after [[Partition of India|Partition]] and starred in the first ever [[Pakistani film industry|Pakistani film]] ''[[Teri Yaad (film)|Teri Yaad]]'' in 1948.<ref name=cineplot/> He acted in another Pakistani film, ''[[Shahida (film)|Shahida]]'' in 1949. Both films received average reviews in [[Pakistan]] but ''Shahida'' achieved a silver jubilee status in the cities of [[Delhi]] and [[Lucknow]] but Nasir returned to India in 1951.<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan - Volume 22, Issues 1-9|publisher=Pakistan Herald Publications|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Pakistan Quarterly - Volumes 12-13|publisher=Pakistan Publications|page=43}}</ref> He resumed his acting career in Bombay, acting in several films throughout the 1950s.<ref name=cineplot/>
His movie ''Nagina'' (1951) with [[Nutan]] was a big hit. The two of them formed a memorable pair who also starred together in two more films, Aagosh and Sheesham. Nasir Khan also enacted the role of Jumna alongside his real life brother Dilip Kumar, who played the role of Gunga in the 1961 [[Dacoity|dacoit drama]] [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Gunga Jumna]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title=GUNGA JUMNA (1961 film)| url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/gungajumna.html | website=uiowa.edu |access-date=25 January 2019| url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129113314/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/gungajumna.html | archivedate=29 November 2011 }}</ref> This was his last film for a decade. He returned to films in the early 1970s playing cameos in ''[[Yaadon Ki Baraat]]'' (1973) and his final film ''[[Bairaag]]'' (1976) which released after his death.

==Personal life==
Nasir Khan was born to Ayesha Begum (1897–1948) and Lala Ghulam Sarwar Ali Khan (1890–1950) in a [[Hindko]]-speaking [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]] family<ref name=cineplot1>{{cite web|title=Nasir Khan – Interview (1952)|url=http://cineplot.com/nasir-khan-interview-1952/|publisher=Cineplot.com website|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Legend By Any Definition|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/a-legend-by-any-definition/283297|website=Outlook India|date=11 December 2012 |accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> of 12 children in Peshawar. Nasir's paternal grandfather had come from Afghanistan. In his autobiography, [[Dev Anand]] recalled that Nasir used to say "with pride" that he's "a [[Pashtuns|Pathan]], and a [[Punjabi Muslims|Punjabi]]."<ref>{{cite book
|last=Anand|first=Dev|title=Romancing with Life|publisher=Penguin Viking|location=New Delhi|year=2007|page=85|isbn=9780670081240}}</ref>

Nasir Khan was first married to Suraiya Nazir, daughter of legendary filmmaker [[Nazir Ahmed Khan]]. From this marriage, he had a daughter Naheed Khan. Later he was married to actress [[Begum Para]] and their son is actor [[Ayub Khan (actor)|Ayub Khan]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Begum Para | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Begum-Para/203606 |website= outlookindia.com |publisher= Outlookindia.com |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref>

==Death==
Nasir Khan died on 3 May 1974 at the age of 50.<ref name=cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/nasir-khan-profile|title=Nasir Khan – Profile|website=cineplot.com website|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/nov/29para.htm|title=Rediff on the Net, Movies: An interview with Begum Para|website=rediff.com|date=29 November 1997|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> Before his death, he had returned to films after a decade, playing small role in ''[[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]'' (1973) and his final film ''[[Bairaag]]'' (1976), which was released after his death.<ref name=cineplot/>

==Filmography==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of performances in feature films
|-
! scope="col" | Year !! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Character/Role
|-
| 1976
| [[Bairaag]]
| Dr. Mishra
|-
| 1973
| [[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]
| Shankar, Vijay & Ratan's Father
|-
| 1972
| [[Zindagi Zindagi]]
| Doctor and Principal of Medical College
|-
| 1967
| ''[[Around the World (1967 film)|Around the World]]''
|
|-
| 1961
| [[Gunga Jumna]]
| Inspector Jumna
|-
| 1961
| Saaya
|
|-
| 1956
| Kar Bhala
|
|-
| 1956
| Samundari Daku
|
|-
| 1956
| Jallad
|
|-
| 1955
| Inaam
|
|-
| 1955
| ''[[Azaad (1955 film)|Azaad]]''
|
|-
| 1955
| Society
|
|-
| 1953
| [[Daaera|Daera]]
| Sharan Kumar
|-
| 1952
| [[Aasmaan]]
|
|-
| 1952
| Khubsurat
|
|-
| 1952
| [[Lal Kunwar]]
|
|-
| 1952
| [[Shisham]]
|
|-
| 1952
| Shrimati Ji
| Rajesh
|-
| 1951
| ''[[Khazana (1951 film)|Khazana]]''
|
|-
| 1951
| [[Nagina]]
| Shreenath (as Nasir)
|-
| 1951
| [[Nazneen (film)|Nazneen]]
|
|-
| 1951
| Saudagar
|
|-
| 1951
| Nakhare
|
|-
| 1949
| [[Shahida (film)|Shahida]]
| Pakistani film
|-
| 1948
| [[Teri Yaad (film)|Teri Yaad]]
| Pakistani film
|-
| 1947
| [[Shehnai (1947 film)|Shehnai]]
| Main Actor
|}

==See also==
* [[Khans of Bollywood]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm0451278|Nasir Khan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Nasir}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]

Daulatabad Fort

2026-03-13T22:54:18Z

Ovfanclub786: add layout for accuracy

{{Short description|12th-century fort in Maharashtra, India}}
{{redirect2|Devagiri|Deogiri|other uses|Devagiri (disambiguation)|and|Deogiri College, Aurangabad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Daulatabad Fort
| native_name =
| location = [[Daulatabad]], [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]], [[Maharashtra]]
| image = Daulatabad Fort a view.JPG
| caption =
| type = Fort
| coordinates = {{coord|19.942724|N|75.213164|E|display=inline,title}}
| ownership = {{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]]
| open_to_public = Yes
}}
'''Daulatabad Fort''', originally '''Devagiri Fort''', is a historic fortified citadel located in Daulatabad village near [[Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]], India. It was the capital of the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadavas]] (9th century – 14th century CE), for a brief time the capital of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (1327–1334), and later a secondary capital of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] (1499–1636).<ref name="Sohoni">{{cite book|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|author-link=Pushkar Sohoni|title= Sambhajinagar with Daulatabad, Khultabad and Ahmadnagar|date=2015|publisher=Jaico Publishing House; Deccan Heritage Foundation|location=Mumbai; London|isbn=978-81-8495-702-0}}</ref><ref name="Fort">{{cite news|url= http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=DevagiriDaulatabadFort.html|title= Devagiri-Daulatabad Fort|work=[[Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation]]|language=en|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702170319/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=DevagiriDaulatabadFort.html|archive-date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://m.aajtak.in/story.jsp?sid=706050|title= मध्यकालीन भारत में सबसे ताकतवर था देवगिरी किला|work=[[Aaj Tak]]|trans-title=Madhyakālīn Bhārat Mēṁ Sabsē Tākatavar Thā Daulatābād Kilā|location=India|language=hi|date=22 August 2012|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.majhapaper.com/2012/09/09/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6/|title= देवगिरी |trans-title=Dēvagirī - Daulatābād|language=mr|location=[[Maharashtra]]|date=9 September 2012|access-date=16 November 2018|website=www.majhapaper.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 174|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]]|asin=B003DXXMC4}}</ref>

Around the 6th century CE, Devagiri emerged as an important uplands town near present-day Aurangabad, along caravan routes going towards western and southern India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/aurangabad-marathwada/hot-baloon-safari/articleshow/47409289.cms|title=ऑक्टोबरपासून हॉट बलून सफारी|trans-title=Octoberpāsūn Hot Balloon Safari|language=mr|date=25 May 2015|access-date=5 June 2015|work=[[Maharashtra Times]]|location=[[Khuldabad|Khultabad]]|archive-date=5 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605235223/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/aurangabad-marathwada/hot-baloon-safari/articleshow/47409289.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Virtual-walks-through-tourist-spots-may-be-a-reality/articleshow/46649077.cms|title=Virtual walks through tourist spots may be a reality|last=Neha Madaan|location=[[Pune]]|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 March 2015|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/Mumbai/2123/MAH-MUM-cst-ajanta-daulatabad-lonar-become-seven-wonders-of-maharashtra-4423883-PHO.html?pg=3|title=રાજ્યના 'સેવન વંડર્સ'માં અજંતા, સીએસટી, દૌલતાબાદ, લોનાર |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|trans-title=Rājyanā 'Seven Wonders'māṁ Ajantā, Sī'ēsaṭī, Daulatābād, Lōnār|location=India|language=gu|date=November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073745/http://m.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/Mumbai/2123/MAH-MUM-cst-ajanta-daulatabad-lonar-become-seven-wonders-of-maharashtra-4423883-PHO.html?pg=3|archive-date=18 May 2015|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-dauilatabad-fort-clean-by-actors-4810455-NOR.html|title= स्वरध्यास फाउंडेशनच्या कलावंतांनी स्वच्छ केला दौलताबाद किल्ला|trans-title=Svaradhyās Foundationcyā Kalāvantānnī Svacch Kēlā Daulatābād Killā|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]|work=[[Divya Marathi]]|date= 18 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613223722/http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-dauilatabad-fort-clean-by-actors-4810455-NOR.html|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> The historical triangular fortress in the city was initially built around 1187 by the first Yadava monarch, [[Bhillama V]].<ref name="kaurbajwa">{{cite book|last1=Bajwa|first1=Jagir Singh|last2=Kaur|first2=Ravinder|title=Tourism Management|date=2007|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-313-0047-3|page=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVXCiwdwPxsC&q=devgiri+yadav&pg=PA249|access-date=3 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> In 1308, the city was [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri|annexed]] by
[[Alauddin Khalji]] of the Delhi Sultanate, which ruled over some parts of the [[North India|northern India]]. In 1327, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] renamed Devagiri as Daulatabad and shifted his imperial capital to the city from [[Delhi]], ordering a mass migration of Delhi's population to the now Daulatabad. However, Muhammad bin Tughluq reversed his decision in 1334 and the capital of the Delhi Sultanate was shifted back to Delhi.<ref>{{cite news|last=Raj Goswami|url=http://bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=22278|title=UID યુનિક ઈન્ડિયન ડોન્કી!|trans-title=UID Unique Indian Delhi |language=gu|location=India|work=[[Bombay Samachar|Mumbai Samachar]]|date=May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090322/http://bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=22278|archive-date=18 May 2015|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref>

In 1499, Devagiri, already renamed Daulatabad, became part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, who used it as their secondary capital. In 1610, near Daulatabad Fort, the new city of Aurangabad, then named Khadki, was established to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the [[Ethiopians|Ethiopian]] military leader [[Malik Ambar]], who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Most of the present-day fortifications at Daulatabad Fort were constructed under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.

==Fort==
[[File:Daulatabad Fort.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Daulatabad Fort surrounded by a [[moat]] (''Khandak'') filled with water. In ancient times, crocodiles were said to have been kept in the moat for protection from enemy attacks.]]
The area of the city is the hill-fortress of Devagiri (sometimes Latinised to Deogiri). It stands on a conical hill, about 200 meters high. Much of the lower slopes of the hill have been cut away by the [[Yadava Dynasty|Yadava dynasty]] rulers to leave 50-meter vertical sides to improve defenses. The only means of access to the summit is by a narrow bridge, with the passage for not more than two people abreast, and a long gallery, excavated in the rock, which has, for the most part, a very gradual upward slope.<ref name="Madan">{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 176|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|asin=B003DXXMC4}}</ref>

About midway along this gallery, the access gallery has steep stairs, the top of which is covered by a grating intended to form the hearth of a huge fire kept burning by the garrison above in times of war.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Daulatabad|volume=7|pages=848–849}}</ref> At the summit, and at intervals on the slope, are specimens of massive old cannon facing out over the surrounding countryside. Also at the midway, there is a cave entrance meant to confuse the enemies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2653379.cms|work=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr|access-date=23 July 2019|title=दौलतीचे शहर दौलताबाद|trans-title=Daulatīcē śahar Daulatābād|date=December 2007|location=[[Maharashtra]]|archive-date=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003202731/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com//articleshow/2653379.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The fort had the following specialties which are listed along with their advantages :

# No separate exit from the fort, only one entrance/exit - This is designed to confuse the enemy soldiers to drive deep into the fort in search of an exit, at their own peril.
# No parallel gates - This is designed to break the momentum of the invading army. Also, the flag mast is on the left hill, which the enemy will try to capture, thus will always turn left. But the real gates of the fort are on the right & the false ones on the left, thus confusing the enemy.
# Spikes on the gates - In the era before gunpowder, intoxicated [[war elephant]]s were used as battering rams to break open the gates. The presence of spikes ensured that the elephants died of injury.
# Complex arrangement of entryways, curved walls, false doors - Designed to confuse the enemy, false, but well-designed gates on the left side lured the enemy soldiers in & trapped them inside, eventually feeding them to crocodiles.
# The hill is shaped to discourage climbing, though historical sources on its specific design features are unclear.

==City==
Daulatabad (19°57'N 75°15'E) is located at a distance of 16 km northwest of [[Aurangabad]], the district headquarters and midway to the [[Ellora Caves]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_daulatbadfort.asp|title=Ticketed Monuments - Maharashtra Daulatabad Fort|work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|language=en|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> The original widespread capital city is now mostly unoccupied and has been reduced to a village. Much of its survival depends on the tourists to the old city and the adjacent fort.
[[File:Daulatabad Fort from MH SH 22 View Point.jpg|right|thumb|Daulatabad Fort from MH SH 22 View Point]]

==History==
[[File:Region of the Yadavas, with the city of Diogil (Deogil. Dwaigir. Daulatabad) in the Catalan Atlas (1375).jpg|thumb|upright=2|Western coast of India, with the traditional Yadava capital of ''Diogil'' ("Deogiri", or [[Devagiri]] [[File:Diogil_(Deogil._Dwaigir._Daulatabad)_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_(1375).jpg|15px]]) at the center, in the [[Catalan Atlas]] (1375). On top of the city of ''Diogil'' floats a peculiar flag ([[File:Flag of Diogil, Catalan Atlas 1375.png|20px]]), while coastal cities are under the black flag of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ([[File:Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png|20px]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Antiquities from San Thomé and Mylapore |date=1936 |pages=264–265 |url=https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesFromSanThomeAndMylaporeHenriHosten1936/page/n319/mode/2up?q=diogil}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kadoi |first1=Yuka |title=On the Timurid flag |journal=Beiträge zur islamischen Kunst und Archäologie |date=2010 |volume=2 |page=148 |url=https://www.academia.edu/17410816|quote="...helps identify another curious flag found in northern India – a brown or originally silver flag with a vertical black line – as the flag of the Delhi Sultanate (602-962/1206-1555)."}}</ref> Devagiri was ultimately captured by [['Alā ud-Dīn Khaljī]] in 1307.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beaujard |first1=Philippe |title=The worlds of the Indian Ocean: a global history |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42456-1 |quote="The sultan captured the Rajput fort of Chitor, in Rājasthān, and in 1310 he subjected most of the Deccan to his power. He took Devagiri – the capital of the Yādava – in 1307"}}</ref> The trading ship raises the flag of the [[Ilkhanate]] ([[File:Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg|20px]]).]]
[[File:The siege of Daulatabad (April-June 1633).jpg|thumb|The [[Mughal Army]] captures Daulatabad Fort in the [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|Siege of Daulatabad]].]]
[[File:Shah Jahan watches the assault on Daulatabad Fort in 1633.jpg|thumb|Capture of Daulatabad Fort in 1633.]]
The site had been occupied since at least 100 BC, and now has remains of [[Hindu temple|Hindu]] and [[Jain temple]]s similar to those at [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and [[Ellora]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gopal|first=Balakrishnan Raja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU5uAAAAMAAJ|title=The Rashtrakutas of Malkhed: Studies in the History and Culture|date=1994|publisher=Mythic Society, Bangalore by Geetha Book House|language=en}}</ref> A series of niches carved with [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Tirthankara]] in cave 32.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lu5jGGQ8fJkC&q=Daulatabad+Fort+jain&pg=PA141|title=Speaking Stones: World Cultural Heritage Sites in India|date=2001|publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited|isbn=978-81-87780-00-7|language=en}}</ref>

The city is said to have been founded c. 1187 by [[Bhillama V]], a [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava]] prince who renounced his allegiance to the [[Chalukya]]s and established the power of the Yadava dynasty in the west.<ref name="Dulari_2004">{{cite book |title= Fort of Daulatabad |last= Qureshi |first= Dulari |year= 2004 |publisher= Bharatiya Kala Prakashan |location= New Delhi |isbn= 978-81-8090-113-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u15uAAAAMAAJ&q=fort+of+daulatabad |access-date=7 March 2010}}</ref> During the rule of the Yadava king [[Ramachandra of Devagiri|Ramachandra]], [[Alauddin Khalji]] of the Delhi Sultanate [[Alauddin Khalji's raid on Devagiri|raided Devagiri]] in 1296, forcing the Yadavas to pay a hefty tribute.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kishori Saran Lal |author-link=K. S. Lal |title=History of the Khaljis (1290-1320) |year=1950 |publisher=The Indian Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XXqAQAACAAJ |oclc=685167335 |pages=55–57 }}</ref> When the tribute payments stopped, Alauddin sent a [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri|second expedition]] to Devagiri in 1308, forcing Ramachandra to become his vassal.<ref>{{cite book |author=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |author-link=Banarsi Prasad Saksena |chapter=The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |volume=5 |edition=Second |year=1992 |publisher=The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |oclc=31870180 |pages=192–193 }}</ref>

In 1328, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] of the Delhi sultanate transferred the capital of his kingdom to Devagiri, and renamed it Daulatabad. The sultan made Daulatabad (Devagiri) his second capital in 1327.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/India/The-Tughluqs|title=India - the Tughluqs | Britannica}}</ref> Some scholars argue that the idea behind transferring the capital was rational, because it lay more or less in the centre of the kingdom, and geographically secured the capital from the north-west frontier attacks.

In the Daulatabad fort, Tughluq found the area arid and dry. His capital-shift strategy failed miserably. Hence he shifted back to Delhi and earned the moniker "Mad King".

The next important event in the Daulatabad fort time-line was the construction of the [[Chand Minar]] by the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]] Sultan Hasan Gangu Bahmani, also known as Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (r. 3 August 1347 – 11 February 1358).

Hasan Gangu built the Chand Minar as a replica of the Qutb Minar of Delhi, of which he was a great fan. He employed Iranian architects to build the Minar, who used lapis lazuli and red ocher for coloring. Currently, the Minar is out of bounds for tourists, because of a suicide case.

The Chini Mahal, located further inside the fort, is believed to date back to the Nizam Shahi dynasty. Later, it was repurposed as a prison by the Mughals, reputedly holding [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]] of the [[Golconda Sultanate]] of Hyderabad.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Most of the present-day fortification was constructed under the Bahmanis and the Nizam Shahs of Ahmednagar Sultanate.<ref name="Sohoni" />
The Mughal Governor of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] under [[Shah Jahan]], [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|captured the fortress]] in 1632 and imprisoned the [[Nizam Shahi]] prince.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |page=170}}</ref>

It was captured by the [[Maratha Empire]] in 1760.

==Legend==
In Hindu lore, [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] is believed to have stayed on the hills surrounding this region. Hence the fort was originally known as Devagiri, literally meaning "hills of god".<ref>{{cite news |last=Vidya Shrinivas Dhoot |date=February 2012 |title=देवगिरी किल्ल्याच्या बुरुजावरून.. |trans-title=Dēvagirī Killyācyā Burujāvarūn.. |url=http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-devgiri-fort-story-2853466.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103931/http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-devgiri-fort-story-2853466.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=23 July 2019 |work=[[Divya Marathi]] |location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Dayanand Pingale |date=11 January 2014 |title=अद्भुत देवगिरी |trans-title=Adbhut Dēvagirī |url=http://prahaar.in/feature/bhannat/173468 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033507/http://prahaar.in/feature/bhannat/173468 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=23 July 2019 |work=[[Prahaar (newspaper)|Prahaar]] |location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]] |language=mr}}</ref>

==Structure==
Daulatabad is a fortified city that is the cumulative result of 1000 years of building history, overseen by successive rulers of the [[Deccan]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Green |first=Nile |date=March 2005 |title=Who's the king of the castle? brahmins, sufis and the narrative landscape of Daulatabad |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09584930500194876 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=21–37 |doi=10.1080/09584930500194876 |issn=0958-4935|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It can be divided into three distinct zones: Balakot, the innermost fortification atop the conical hill itself; Kataka, the intermediate fortification; and Ambarkot, the outermost defense wall which encloses most of the historic city.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&dq=daulatabad+kataka&pg=PT103 |title=Southern India: A Guide to Monuments, Sites & Museums |date=2012 |publisher=Roli Books |isbn=978-81-7436-903-1 |chapter=Maharashtra 5. Aurangabad}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |title=The architecture of a Deccan sultanate: courtly practice and royal authority in late medieval India |date=2018 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-78673-419-8 |series=Library of Islamic South Asia |location=London New York |page=72}}</ref>

=== Balakot ===
Balakot is the name given to the rock fort upon the conical Deogiri hill, and was termed so by the Tughluqs.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |pages=24–27 |oclc=268771115}}</ref> The Yadavas initiated this fortification by scarping the slopes of the hill until they were vertical, rising 50m above ground, and excavated a deep moat at the base of the hill.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mubayi |first=Yaaminey |title=Water and historic settlements: the making of a cultural landscape |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-003-31514-8 |location=London; New York |chapter=Daulatabad - a layered historical narrative}}</ref> The Balakot site contains a number of palatial buildings. The most notable is the [[Chini Mahal]], dating to the Nizam Shahi dynasty. There is no evidence tying it to any specific builder{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}; it likely originates from the early days of the dynasty, and takes its name from blue/white tiles set into its facade. The palace is in a crumbling state, and currently survives as a long hall, with an entrance on one side. The palace may have been larger in the past, but was destroyed by the Mughals and converted into a prison.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |title=The architecture of a Deccan sultanate: courtly practice and royal authority in late medieval India |date=2018 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-78673-419-8 |series=Library of Islamic South Asia |location=London New York |page=211}}</ref><ref name=":222">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |page=41 |oclc=268771115}}</ref>

Beneath the northern flank of Balakot is a derelict palace building of the Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]], built after the [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|Mughal capture of the fort]] in 1633. It consists of two large courts, an apartment building towards the west, and a ''[[hammam]]''. Another pavilion of Shah Jahan is found beneath the summit of Balakot.<ref name=":2222">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |page=54 |oclc=268771115}}</ref> Balakot also contains a ruined royal residence dating to the 15th century, built by the Bahmani dynasty during its early days.<ref name=":22" />

=== Kataka ===
Kataka is a circular, intermediary fort at the Daulatabad site. It was built by Tughluq commanders as an expansion to Balakot, occupying its northern and eastern flanks, adjoining the base of the Devagiri hill. The defensive wall is a massive double rampart, featuring bastions and moats.<ref name=":22" /> Lying just outside the eastern entrance of the wall is a Mughal-era ''hammam''.<ref name=":2222" /> A notable structure within Kataka is the large [[Jami mosque of Daulatabad]], which dates to 1318.<ref name=":2224">{{Cite book |last=Michell |first=George |title=Architecture and art of the Deccan sultanates |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Mark Zebrowski |isbn=978-0-511-46884-1 |location=Cambridge |pages=63–65 |oclc=268771115}}</ref> A short distance away is the [[Chand Minar]]. Located within a sector of the fort called Mahakot, it is an exceptionally tall tower built by Alauddin Bahmani in 1446 to commemorate his capture of Daulatabad. Its base is concealed by a small structure, which contains a mosque.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manohar |first1=Mohit |date=2021 |title=A Victory Tower Built by a Slave: The Chand Minar at Daulatabad in Deccan India |journal=Muqarnas Online |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=35–76 |doi=10.1163/22118993-00381P03}}</ref>

=== Ambarkot ===
Ambarkot is the outermost defence wall at the Daulatabad site, enclosing most of the historic city. It is typically attributed to [[Malik Ambar]], minister of the Nizam Shahis, but may have been built by the Tughluqs. It is elliptical in shape, and spans two kilometres north to south. Similar to Kataka, the Ambarkot rampart consists of two defence walls. Scholar [[Pushkar Sohoni]] notes that there are a number of historic structures around the Ambarkot walls that have not been investigated yet.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":0" />

==Transport==

===Road Transport===
Daulatabad is in the outskirts of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], and is on the Aurangabad - [[Ellora]] road (National Highway 2003). Aurangabad is well connected by road and 20 km away from Devagiri.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.aurangabadcity.com/tourist-review/devgiri-daultabad-fort-aurangabad|title=Devgiri-Daultabad Fort|access-date=23 July 2019|website=www.aurangabadcity.com|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]|language=en}}</ref>

===Rail Transport===
Daulatabad railway station is located on the Manmad-Purna section of [[Indian Railways|South Central Railways]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gujaratcenter.com/OnePageArticles.aspx?gujaratipageIndex=9&gujaraticategoryID=6&gujaratisubcategoryID=6|title= ઐતિહાસિક સ્થળો|trans-title=Aitihāsik Sthaḷō|language=gu|location=India|work=www.gujaratcentre.com|last=Hārd Samā|access-date=1 May 2015}}{{dead link|date=July 2019}}</ref> and also on the Mudkhed-Manmad section of the [[Nanded Division]] of [[South Central Railway]]. Until reorganisation in 2005, it was a part of the [[Hyderabad Division]] Aurangabad is a major station near Daulatabad. The [[Devagiri Express]] regularly operates between [[Mumbai]] and [[Secunderabad]], [[Hyderabad]], via the city of [[Aurangabad]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery perrow="6">
File:Daulatabad fort21.jpeg|Front view of Daulatabad fort
File:Chand minar21.jpeg|Chand Minar
File:Daulatabad, Aurangabad - panoramio (106).jpg|Jain relics
File:Daulatabad, Aurangabad - panoramio (76).jpg|Jain Relics
File:Aurangabad - Daulatabad Fort (75).JPG|Daulatabad Fort
File:Daulatabad Fort 1.jpg|Daulatabad Fort
File:Daulatabad, Maharashtra.jpg|Daulatabad, Aurangabad
File:DaulatabadPrison.JPG|Daulatabad Prison
File:Gateway to Daulatabad Fort - Daulatabad - Maharashtra - 1.jpg|Gateway to Daulatabad Fort
File:Daulatabad fort entrance.JPG|Daulatabad fort entrance
File:Aurangabad - Daulatabad Fort (69).JPG|Aurangabad-Daulatabad Fort
File:DaulatabadFort.JPG|Dualatabad Fort
File:DaulatabadFORT Khandak.jpg|Daulatabad Fort
File:Aurangabad - Daulatabad Fort (95).JPG|Aurangabad - Daulatabad Fort
File:Aurangabad - Daulatabad Fort (30).JPG|Aurangabad - Daulatabad Fort
File:DautlatabadFortGate.JPG|Daulatabad Fort Gate
File:Daulatabad Fort Aurangabad.jpg|Daulatabad Fort -Aurangabad
File:Daulatabad Fort - Exterior of Inner Fort.JPG|Daulatabad Fort
File:Daulatabad Fort, Aurangabad, Maharashtra.jpg|Daulatabad Fort, Aurangabad
File:Daulatabad Fort-51.jpg|Daulatabad Fort
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Tourism in Marathwada]]
* [[Tourist attractions in Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Daulatabad Fort}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/daulatab-eng.htm Daulatabad at the Islamic Monuments of India Photographic Database]
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030817/spectrum/travel.htm www.tribuneindia.com]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210131004738/https://www.newblogger.in/2021/01/Devgiri-daulatabad-fort-information-history-in-hindi.html Devgiri/d]}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210131004738/https://www.newblogger.in/2021/01/Devgiri-daulatabad-fort-information-history-in-hindi.html aulatabad fort information in Hindi]}}
* A painting of the fort by William Purser, engraved by R Sands, as an illustration to {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834/The Zenana|The Zenana]]}}, a poem by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]].

{{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics}}
{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{Forts in India}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Forts in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Aurangabad]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:1203 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:13th-century establishments in India]]

Humshakals

2026-03-10T14:43:50Z

Ovfanclub786: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|2014 Indian film by Sajid Khan}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Humshakals
| image = Humshakals poster.jpg
| alt = The image shows a human pyramid consisting of three men in matching suit coats above the same three men in matching casual shirts above the same three men in matching overcoats and hats against yellow background and the word "Humshakals" in multicolored letters.
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]]
| producer = [[Vashu Bhagnani]]
| writer = Sajid Khan
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Saif Ali Khan]]
* [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
* [[Ram Kapoor]]
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]]
* [[Esha Gupta]]
* [[Bipasha Basu]]}}
| music = {{plainlist|
* '''Songs:'''
* [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
* '''Background Score:'''
* [[Sandeep Shirodkar]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Ravi Yadav]]
| editing = Bunty Nagi
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Pooja Entertainment]]
* [[Star Studios|Fox Star Studios]]}}
| distributor = Fox Star Studios
| released = {{Film date|2014|06|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 158 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|64 crore}}<ref name="budget">{{Cite web |title=Humshakals - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620071330/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2269 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|105.28 crore}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Humshakals Box Office Collection | India | Day Wise | Box Office - Bollywood Hungama | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=20 June 2014 | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/humshakals/box-office/#:~:text=Q%3A%20Is%20Humshakals%20Flop%20or,Humshakals%20collected%20%E2%82%B9105.28%20cr }}</ref>
}}

'''''Humshakals''''' ({{translation|''Lookalikes''}}) is a 2014 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Sajid Khan (director)|Sajid Khan]] and produced by [[Vashu Bhagnani]]. The film stars [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]], [[Ram Kapoor]], [[Tamannaah Bhatia]], [[Esha Gupta]] and [[Bipasha Basu]] in the lead roles, with [[Satish Shah]], [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]], [[Chunky Pandey]] and [[Darshan Jariwala]] in supporting roles. In the film, Khan, Deshmukh and Kapoor each portray three characters, totalling nine roles. The music for the film was composed by [[Himesh Reshammiya]], with cinematography by [[Ravi Yadav]] and editing by Bunty Nagi. The film was shot extensively in various international locations and co-produced by [[Star Studios|Fox Star Studios]].<ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |title=Saif Ali Khan plays triple role in Sajid Khan's Hamshakals |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Saif-Ali-Khan-plays-triple-role-in-Sajid-Khan-s-Hamshakals/Article1-1081960.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006094929/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Saif-Ali-Khan-plays-triple-role-in-Sajid-Khan-s-Hamshakals/Article1-1081960.aspx |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 |website=Hindustan Times }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Saif Ali Khan, Riteish Deshmukh to play triple roles in Sajid Khan's Humshakals |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/saif-ali-khan-riteish-deshmukh-to-play-triple-roles-in-sajid-khans-humshakals/1133515/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730100424/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/saif-ali-khan-riteish-deshmukh-to-play-triple-roles-in-sajid-khans-humshakals/1133515/? |archive-date=30 July 2013 |access-date=22 July 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

''Humshakals'' was released theatrically worldwide on 20 June 2014. The film grossed ₹86.60 crore at the box office against a budget of ₹64 crore.<ref name="budget" /><ref name="boc">{{Cite web |last=Bollywood Hungama |title=Humshakals |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/600582 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930000807/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/boxoffice/id/600582 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ashok and Kumar are best friends. Shanaya and Mishti are their love interests. Ashok's father is a billionaire but has been in a coma for the last six years. During these years, Ashok's maternal uncle, Kunwar Amar Nath Singh (KANS Mama) has been in charge of his family property. Having enjoyed the money, Mamaji does not want to give up that money to Ashok, who is now old enough to take over. So the evil Mamaji teams up with an evil doctor and chemist, Dr. Khan, to get rid of Ashok (without murder) and keep control of his property. Dr. Khan gives Mamaji a medicine called MAD (Mind Altering Drug) which makes one act and speak like a dog for 24 hours. At first, Mamaji is reluctant and angry at Dr. Khan. But Mamaji then sees the medicine work on Dr. Khan’s two assistants (Chinku and Pinku) and agrees.

Towards this end, during a board meeting, Mamaji mixes the medicine in Ashok and Kumar's drinks, and they both start behaving like dogs. The men-behaving-like dogs are taken to a [[Lunatic asylum|mental asylum]] for treatment. In the asylum, the lady doctor, Dr. Shivani, soon realizes the truth and promises to discharge them. But fate takes an even stranger twist because, in the same asylum, there are two identical lookalikes of Ashok and Kumar who are being treated in the 'B' ward. The lookalikes worked at an Indian food stall which was a front for Bijlani, a cocaine smuggler. One day Bijlani delivered a jar of cocaine to Ashok and Kumar mistaking that for flour used it for preparing parathas thereby making the customers go crazy. As a punishment, Bijlani gave them both severe electricity shocks thereby both losing their mental balance and were admitted to the asylum. These lookalikes are accidentally released instead of the real Ashok and Kumar. Shanaya and Mishti, who come to pick up their boyfriends from the asylum, take away the duplicates instead, without realizing anything. All of them go to Ashok's mansion. Here, Mamaji understands the whole mix-up and plans to use the duplicate Ashok to become the owner of the whole business empire.

By now, the true Ashok and Kumar also come to know of Mamaji's evil plan, but they are still stuck in the asylum. They are offered help by one of the ward boys, Cyrus, who takes them to a secret ward 'C' to meet 'Johnny' who is (by another coincidence or twist of fate) a look-alike of Mamaji. Johnny has a strange, dangerous habit of attacking people who sneeze in front of him.

Ashok and Kumar plan revenge against Mamaji with the help of his lookalike, Johnny. However, they get caught by the asylum's sadistic warden, Y.M. Raj (a supposedly funny play on "[[Yama|Yamraj]]," the god of death) before they can escape from the asylum.
Y. M. Raj prepares to punish them, but he accidentally sneezes in front of them. Enraged, Johnny beats him black and blue, thus helping the three escape.
On the day of the board meeting, the true Ashok and Kumar get ready to expose Mamaji, when Dr. Khan triggers the fire alarm. All the three mental patients escape the building. Now desperate, Ashok and Kumar bump into a dance bar owner named Balbir, who (by another coincidence) is a lookalike of Mamaji. Mamaji now does something innovative: he arranges another set of Ashok and Kumar with the help of plastic surgery from Dr. Khan's two assistants (Chinku and Pinku) who assume their identities. He takes the triplicate Ashok and Kumar to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]], where the fake (triplicate?) Ashok is to hand over all the business to him (Mamaji) in the presence of [[King Charles III|Prince Charles]]. However, the real Ashok and Kumar arrive, along with Balbir (who is Mamaji-III). To add to the confusion, the three mental patients also storm in to help the real Ashok and Kumar, creating panic among the eyewitnesses on seeing so many lookalikes together.

The film closes with Ashok's father coming out of his coma and recognizing the true Ashok and getting Mamaji arrested for his deeds.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Saif Ali Khan]] in a triple role as
**Ashok Singhania; son of Mr. Singhania
**Ashok 2
** Chinku, Dr. Khan's assistant 1
* [[Riteish Deshmukh]] in a triple role as
**Kumar, Ashok's friend
**Kumar 2, Ashok 2's friend
**Pinku, Dr. Khan's assistant 2
* [[Ram Kapoor]] in a triple role as
**Kunwar Amarnath Singh (KANS Mamaji), Ashok Singhania's evil uncle
**Johnny, a [[OCD]] patient who attacks when someone sneezes in front of him
**Balbir Gupta, a bar owner
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] as Shanaya
* [[Esha Gupta]] as Dr. Shivani Gupta
* [[Bipasha Basu]] as Mishti
* [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]] as Dr. Khan, Mamaji's evil sidekick
* [[Satish Shah]] as Y.M. Raj (Yamraj)
* [[Darshan Jariwala]] as Cyrus Patel
* [[Chunkey Pandey]] as Karan T. Bijlani
* [[Akash Khurana]] as Mr. Singhania; Ashok's father
* [[Suresh Menon]] as Subramaniyam, accountant in Ashok's (or his father's) office}}

== Production ==

=== Filming ===
The shooting of the film commenced on 24 September 2013 in [[London]].<ref name="Filming starts">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=Aamir Khan vs Saif Ali Khan: 'Peekay', 'Humshakals' to release in June next year |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/aamir-khan-vs-saif-ali-khan-peekay-humshakals-to-release-in-june-next-year/1176316/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003075949/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/aamir-khan-vs-saif-ali-khan-peekay-humshakals-to-release-in-june-next-year/1176316 |archive-date=3 October 2013 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=Divya Goyal}}</ref> The team shot in [[Mauritius]] for the final part of the film starting on 22 February 2014. Two songs and other sequences were shot at the La Plantation Resort & Spa, Le Méridien, Intercontinental Resort, Bagatelle Mall of Mauritius and the Northern Beaches, with Mauritian extras also having participated in the shooting.<ref name="lex">{{Cite news |title=Tournage de "Humshakals": Bipasha Basu et Saif Ali Khan débarquent à Maurice |url=http://www.lexpress.mu/article/tournage-de-humshakals-bipasha-basu-et-saif-ali-khan-debarquent-maurice |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503121923/http://www.lexpress.mu/article/tournage-de-humshakals-bipasha-basu-et-saif-ali-khan-debarquent-maurice |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |language=fr |agency=L'express}}</ref><ref name="mau">{{Cite news |date=20 February 2014 |title=TOURNAGE DE HUMSHAKALS : Saif Ali Khan, Bipasha Basu, Ram Kapoor à Maurice demain |url=http://www.lemauricien.com/article/tournage-humshakals-saif-ali-khan-bipasha-basu-ram-kapoor-maurice-demain |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503120847/http://www.lemauricien.com/article/tournage-humshakals-saif-ali-khan-bipasha-basu-ram-kapoor-maurice-demain |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |language=fr |agency=Le Mauricien}}</ref>

After the film's release and subsequent poor critical response, Saif Ali Khan told the press that "The film didn't have a script as such, it was all there in Sajid's mind."<ref name="toi mistake">{{Cite news |last=Ankur Pathak |date=18 July 2014 |title=Saif Ali Khan: Humshakals was a mistake |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Saif-Ali-Khan-Humshakals-was-a-mistake/articleshow/38590378.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822125658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Saif-Ali-Khan-Humshakals-was-a-mistake/articleshow/38590378.cms |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=20 July 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Humshakals
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|05|26}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2014 |title=Humshakals (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/humshakals-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/880985584 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627173110/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/humshakals-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/880985584 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |access-date=27 June 2018 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref>
| recorded = 2014
| venue = [[Mumbai]]
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=24|s=39}}
| label = [[Zee Music Company]] [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[Vashu Bhagnani]] Himesh Reshammiya
| prev_title = [[The Xposé]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]
| next_year = 2014
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|aGnsOc8I3J8|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}
The soundtrack of ''Humshakals'' is composed by [[Himesh Reshammiya]] and lyrics are written by [[Mayur Puri]], [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] and [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]. The first single of the film was "Caller Tune", by [[Neeraj Shridhar]] and [[Neeti Mohan]]. The soundtrack was released on 26 May 2014, where it was successful especially "''Caller Tune''" and "''Piya Ke Bazaar Mein''".

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| headline = Track Listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=24|s=39}}
| title1 = Caller Tune
| extra1 = [[Neeraj Shridhar]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
| lyrics1 = [[Sameer Anjaan (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| length1 = 4:35
| title2 = Piya Ke Bazaar Mein
| extra2 = [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]], [[Palak Muchhal]]
| lyrics2 = [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
| length2 = 4:22
| title3 = Barbaad Raat
| extra3 = [[Sanam Puri]], [[Shalmali Kholgade]]
| lyrics3 = [[Mayur Puri]]
| length3 = 3:24
| title4 = Look into My Eyes
| extra4 = [[Ash King]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
| lyrics4 = Sameer
| length4 = 3:36
| title5 = Hum Pagal Nahi Hai
| extra5 = Himesh Reshammiya
| lyrics5 = Mayur Puri
| length5 = 4:26
| title6 = Khol De Dil Ki Khidki
| extra6 = [[Mika Singh]], [[Palak Muchhal]]
| title7 = Andar Bahar Karo Navel Ko
| length7 = 7:16
| lyrics7 = Mayur Puri
| extra7 = Mika Singh, [[KK (musician)|KK]], [[Shilpa Rao]]
| lyrics6 = Shabbir Ahmed
| length6 = 4:16
}}

== Reception ==
===Critical response===
''Humshakals'' was universally panned by critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=0|average=2|count=6|consensus=|ref=|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Humshakals (2014) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/humshakals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128013307/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/humshakals |archive-date=28 November 2017 |access-date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref>

Saurabh Dwivedi of ''[[India Today]]'' stated "for Sajid Khan, I can only say that ''Humshakals'' will be listed in one of the worst films of the century."<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2014 |title=Movie review: Humshakals is three times trash |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/humshakals-movie-review-sajid-khan-riteish-deshmukh-saif-ali-khan-197591-2014-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722095301/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/humshakals-movie-review-sajid-khan-riteish-deshmukh-saif-ali-khan/1/367688.html |archive-date=22 July 2015 |access-date=19 July 2015 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Mihir Fadnavis wrote in his ''[[Firstpost]]'' review, "... sexual tomfoolery, shrieking and hamming aside, there's much more to hate about this 'family movie'. It's disturbing to see such an atrocious, regressive, misogynistic, sexist, homophobic cinematic product force-fed to paying audiences. I can understand that a comedy need not be 'safe', but what goes on in Humshakals is simply too horrifying to bear."<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2014 |title=Humshakals review: How Saif, Riteish teamed up to give your brain damage |url=http://www.firstpost.com/blogs/humshakals-review-saif-ali-khan-riteish-deshmukh-team-up-to-give-you-brain-damage-1580181.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705043832/http://www.firstpost.com/blogs/humshakals-review-saif-ali-khan-riteish-deshmukh-team-up-to-give-you-brain-damage-1580181.html |archive-date=5 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=Firstpost}}</ref> Sweta Kaushal of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated the film 0.5 out of 5 and stated "With no story or comedy on offer, even Riteish and Ram are unable to save the day for Sajid Khan."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie review: Saif Ali Khan is the worst thing about Humshakals |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-humshakals-is-stupid-illogical/article1-1231397.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726193250/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-humshakals-is-stupid-illogical/article1-1231397.aspx |archive-date=26 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 |website=Hindustan Times }}</ref> Writing in ''[[Emirates 24/7]]'', Sneha May Francis claimed that it succeeded Khan's previous endeavor, ''[[Himmatwala (2013 film)|Himmatwala]]'', in becoming the worst Bollywood film ever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2014 |title=Saif Ali Khan's 'Humshakals' act could make Kareena insecure |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/saif-ali-khan-s-humshakals-act-could-make-kareena-insecure-2014-06-19-1.553579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813181911/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/saif-ali-khan-s-humshakals-act-could-make-kareena-insecure-2014-06-19-1.553579 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=22 October 2014 |publisher=Emirates 24/7}}</ref> Critic Sonia Chopra of ''[[Sify]].com'' wrote "there are bad movies, and then there's ''Humshakals''. The worst film of 2014 so far, in my book".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Humshakals review: The worst film of 2014! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/humshakals-review-the-worst-film-of-2014-review-bollywood-15057863.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620161120/http://www.sify.com/movies/humshakals-review-the-worst-film-of-2014-review-bollywood-15057863.html |archive-date=20 June 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''[[Dainik Bhaskar]]'' rated the movie as one of the worst films of the decade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Humshakals, Deshdrohi, Himmatwala: 10 worst films of the decade |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-humshakals-deshdrohi-himmatwala-10-worst-films-of-the-decade-4698533-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209190954/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-humshakals-deshdrohi-himmatwala-10-worst-films-of-the-decade-4698533-PHO.html?seq=3 |archive-date=9 December 2015 |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref>

Several of the cast members also lamented their involvement in the film. [[Bipasha Basu]] didn't participate in the film's promotions calling ''Humshakals'' "the worst experience of [her] life,"<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2014 |title=Bipasha: Humshakals was the worst experience of my life |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-bipasha-humshakals-was-the-worst-experience-of-my-life/20140826.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018024531/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-bipasha-humshakals-was-the-worst-experience-of-my-life/20140826.htm |archive-date=18 October 2015 |access-date=1 November 2014 |work=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2014 |title=Sajid Khan's Humshakals left me disturbed: Bipasha Basu |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sajid-khan-s-humshakals-left-me-disturbed-bipasha-basu/article1-1249663.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809060246/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sajid-khan-s-humshakals-left-me-disturbed-bipasha-basu/article1-1249663.aspx |archive-date=9 August 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |location=Mumbai}}</ref> and [[Esha Gupta]] warned family members not to see the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2014 |title=I asked my father not to watch the film, says Esha Gupta |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Humshakals-I-asked-my-father-not-to-watch-the-film-says-Esha-Gupta/articleshow/37616095.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916152632/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Humshakals-I-asked-my-father-not-to-watch-the-film-says-Esha-Gupta/articleshow/37616095.cms |archive-date=16 September 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> After the release of the film, leading actor Saif Ali Khan lamented that "I've been introspecting a lot and will never repeat a mistake that was ''Humshakals''."<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 July 2014 |title=Saif Ali Khan: Humshakals was a mistake |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Saif-Ali-Khan-Humshakals-was-a-mistake/articleshow/38590378.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822125658/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Saif-Ali-Khan-Humshakals-was-a-mistake/articleshow/38590378.cms |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=19 July 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The film received five [[Golden Kela Award]] nominations,<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=Humshakals' leads nominations list at Golden Kela Awards |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/humshakals-lead-nominations-list-at-golden-kela-awards/article6905214.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516021957/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/humshakals-lead-nominations-list-at-golden-kela-awards/article6905214.ece |archive-date=16 May 2015 |access-date=22 October 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> and won for Worst Film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2015 |title=Sonakshi and Arjun grab top Golden Kela awards |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts/sonakshi-and-arjun-grab-top-golden-kela-awards-1.66890 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018024532/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-lifestyle/from-holly-to-bolly/sonakshi-and-arjun-grab-top-golden-kela-awards |archive-date=18 October 2015 |access-date=17 August 2015 |newspaper=The National}}</ref> It also won two [[Ghanta Awards]]; the film won Worst Picture and [[Ram Kapoor]], Saif Ali Khan and Riteish Deshmukh shared the Worst Actor award.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2015 |title=Ghanta Awards 2015: Sonakshi Sinha, Saif Ali Khan named worst actors |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ghanta-awards-winners-sonakshi-sinha-saif-ali-khan-ranveer-singh-arjun-kapoor-sonam-kapoor-243592-2015-03-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831041753/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ghanta-awards-winners-sonakshi-sinha-saif-ali-khan-ranveer-singh-arjun-kapoor-sonam-kapoor/1/422997.html |archive-date=31 August 2015 |access-date=17 August 2015 |work=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2015 |title=Ghanta Awards 2015 Complete Winners List: Sonakshi Sinha, Ajay Devgn Win Worst Actor Awards; Farah Khan Worst Director |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ghanta-awards-2015-complete-winners-list-sonakshi-sinha-ajay-devgn-win-worst-actor-awards-farah-625675 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815093613/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ghanta-awards-2015-complete-winners-list-sonakshi-sinha-ajay-devgn-win-worst-actor-awards-farah-625675 |archive-date=15 August 2015 |access-date=17 August 2015 |website=International Business Times}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
Despite [[List of films considered the worst|poor critical reception]], ''Humshakals'' experienced a strong opening at the box office.<ref name="fix ex">{{Cite news |last=Geety Sahgal |date=7 July 2014 |title=Humshakals box office collections: Despite criticism, Sajid Khan has the last laugh |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/humshakals-box-office-collections-despite-criticism-sajid-khan-has-the-last-laugh/1267008/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710102656/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/humshakals-box-office-collections-despite-criticism-sajid-khan-has-the-last-laugh/1267008/1 |archive-date=10 July 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of films considered the worst]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=3036740|title=Humshakals}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|humshakals}}
{{Sajid Khan}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mauritius]]
[[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya]]
[[Category:Indian slapstick comedy films]]
[[Category:Fox Star Studios films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sajid Khan (director)]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]

Engineering

2026-03-08T06:28:02Z

Ovfanclub786: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Applied science and research}}
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{{Engineering side bar}}
[[File:Maquina vapor Watt ETSIIM.jpg|thumb|The [[steam engine]], the major driver in the [[Industrial Revolution]], underscores the importance of engineering in modern history. This [[beam engine]] is on display in the [[Technical University of Madrid]].]]

'''Engineering''' is the practice of using [[natural science]], [[mathematics]], and the [[engineering design process]]<ref name=EngineeringMethod>{{cite web|url=https://issues.org/penumbra-engineering-perspective-hammack-anderson/|title=Working in the Penumbra of Understanding|last1=Hammack|first1=William|last2=Anderson|first2=John|date=February 16, 2022|website=[[Issues in Science and Technology]]|publisher=[[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine]] and [[Arizona State University]]|access-date=August 3, 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803142849/https://issues.org/penumbra-engineering-perspective-hammack-anderson/|archive-date=August 3, 2023|quote=The method used by engineers to create artifacts and systems—from cellular telephony, computers and smartphones, and GPS to remote controls, airplanes, and biomimetic materials and devices—isn’t the same method scientists use in their work. The scientific method has a prescribed process: state a question, observe, state a hypothesis, test, analyze, and interpret. It doesn’t know what will be discovered, what truth will be revealed. In contrast, the engineering method aims for a specific goal and cannot be reduced to a set of fixed steps that must be followed. }}</ref> to [[Problem solving#Engineering|solve problems]] within [[technology]], increase [[efficiency]] and [[productivity]], and improve [[Systems engineering|systems]]. The traditional disciplines of engineering are [[civil engineering|civil]], [[mechanical engineering|mechanical]], [[electrical engineering|electrical]], and [[chemical engineering|chemical]]. The [[academic discipline]] of engineering encompasses a broad range of more [[Academic specialization|specialized]] subfields, and each can have a more specific emphasis for applications of [[applied mathematics|mathematics]] and [[applied science|science]]. In turn, modern engineering practice spans multiple [[fields of engineering]], which include [[design]]ing and improving [[infrastructure]], [[machinery]], [[vehicles]], [[electronics]], [[Materials engineering|materials]], and [[energy system]]s.<ref>definition of "engineering" from: {{cite web | title=English Dictionary | url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216234801/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ | access-date=2021-02-16 | archive-date=2021-02-16 | website=Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary | publisher=Cambridge University }}</ref> For related terms, see [[glossary of engineering]].

As a human endeavor, engineering has existed since ancient times, starting with the six classic [[simple machine]]s. Examples of large-scale engineering projects from antiquity include impressive structures like the [[pyramid]]s, elegant temples such as the [[Parthenon]], and water conveyances like [[Hull (watercraft)|hulled watercraft]], [[canal]]s, and the [[Roman aqueduct]]. Early machines were powered by humans and animals, then later by wind. Machines of war were invented for [[siegecraft]]. In Europe, the [[Scientific Revolution|scientific]] and [[industrial revolution]]s advanced engineering into a scientific profession and resulted in continuing technological improvements. The [[steam engine]] provided much greater power than animals, leading to mechanical propulsion for ships and railways. Further scientific advances resulted in the application of engineering to electrical, chemical, and [[aerospace engineering|aerospace]] requirements, plus the use of new materials for greater efficiencies.

The word ''[[:wikt:engineering|engineering]]'' is derived from the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|[[:wikt:ingenium|ingenium]]}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=About IAENG|url=http://www.iaeng.org/about_IAENG.html|website=iaeng.org|publisher=[[International Association of Engineers]]|access-date=December 17, 2016|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126145541/http://www.iaeng.org/about_IAENG.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Engineers typically follow a code of ethics that favors honesty and integrity, while being dedicated to public [[safety]] and [[Well-being|welfare]]. Engineering tasks involve finding [[Optimization problem|optimal solutions]] based on constraints, with testing and [[Computer simulation|simulations]] being used prior to production. When a deployed product fails, [[forensic engineering]] is used to determine what went wrong in order to find a fix. Much of this [[product lifecycle management]] is now assisted with computer [[software]], from [[Computer-aided design|design]] to [[Product testing|testing]] and [[Computer-aided manufacturing|manufacturing]]. At larger scales, this process is normally funded by a company, multiple investors, or the government, so a knowledge of economics and business practices is needed.

==Definition==
The [[American Engineers' Council for Professional Development]] (the predecessor of the [[Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology]] aka ABET)<ref name="ABET History">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abet.org/about-abet/history/|title=About ABET - History|access-date=27 April 2024|archive-date=26 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326113804/https://www.abet.org/about-abet/history/|url-status=live}}</ref> has defined "engineering" as:
{{Blockquote|The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or [[manufacturing]] processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended [[Function (engineering)|function]], economics of operation and [[Safety#Types|safety]] to life and property.<ref name="ECPD Canons">{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909|title=Engineers' Council for Professional Development. (1947). Canons of ethics for engineers|access-date=August 10, 2021|archive-date=September 29, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123703/http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/26393909%26referer%3Dbrief_results|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|last=Smith|first=Ralph J.|title=engineering|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/engineering|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425073917/https://www.britannica.com/technology/engineering|archive-date=25 April 2024|date=29 March 2024}}</ref>}}

==History==
{{Main|History of engineering}}
[[File:Grondplan citadel Lille.JPG|thumb|[[Raised-relief map|Relief map]] of the [[Citadel of Lille]], designed in 1668 by [[Vauban]], the foremost military engineer of his age]]

Engineering has existed since ancient times, when [[humans]] devised inventions such as the [[wedge]], [[lever]], [[wheel]] and [[pulley]], etc.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Natural Philosophy and the Development of Mechanics and Engineering from the 5th century B.C. to Middle-Ages | first=Thomas G. | last=Chondros | journal=FME Transactions | year=2017 | volume=45 | issue=4 | pages=603–619 | doi=10.5937/fmet1704603C | doi-access=free }}</ref>

The term ''engineering'' is derived from the word ''engineer'', which itself dates back to the 14th century when an ''engine'er'' (literally, one who builds or operates a ''[[siege engine]]'') referred to "a constructor of military engines".<ref>{{Cite OED|engineer}}</ref> In this context, now obsolete, an "engine" referred to a military machine, ''i.e.'', a mechanical contraption used in war (for example, a [[catapult]]).<ref>{{OEtymD|engine|accessdate=2025-10-12}}</ref> Notable examples of the obsolete usage which have survived to the present day are military engineering corps, ''e.g.'', the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]].

The word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin {{lang|la|ingenium}} ({{Circa|1250}}), meaning "innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention."<ref>Origin: 1250–1300; ME engin < AF, OF < L ingenium nature, innate quality, esp. mental power, hence a clever invention, equiv. to in- + -genium, equiv. to gen- begetting; Source: Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2006.</ref>

Later, as the design of civilian structures, such as bridges and buildings, matured as a technical discipline, the term [[civil engineering]]<ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica"/> entered the lexicon as a way to distinguish between those specializing in the construction of such non-military projects and those involved in the discipline of [[military engineering]].

===Ancient era===
[[File:Pont du Gard BLS.jpg|thumb|The Ancient Romans built [[aqueduct (watercourse)|aqueducts]] to bring a steady supply of clean and fresh water to cities and towns in the empire.<ref name=De_Feo_et_al_2013>{{cite journal | title=Historical and Technical Notes on Aqueducts from Prehistoric to Medieval Times | display-authors=1 | first1=Giovanni | last1=De Feo | first2=Andreas N. | last2=Angelakis | first3=Georgios P. | last3=Antoniou | first4=Fatma | last4=El-Gohary | first5=Benoît | last5=Haut | first6=Cees W. | last6=Passchier | first7=Xiao Yun | last7=Zheng | journal=Water | year=2013 | volume=5 | issue=4 | pages=1996–2025 | doi=10.3390/w5041996 | bibcode=2013Water...5.1996D | doi-access=free | hdl=2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/168168 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>]]
The [[Egyptian pyramids|pyramids]] in [[ancient Egypt]], [[ziggurats]] of [[Mesopotamia]], the [[Acropolis of Athens|Acropolis]] and [[Parthenon]] in [[ancient Greece|Greece]], the [[Roman aqueduct]]s,<ref name=De_Feo_et_al_2013/> [[Via Appia]] and [[Colosseum]], [[Teotihuacán]], and the [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]] of [[Thanjavur]], among many others, stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of ancient civil and military engineers. Other monuments, no longer standing, such as the [[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]] and the [[Pharos of Alexandria]], were important engineering achievements of their time and were considered among the [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Pyramids, Statues, and Temples: The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World | first=Joshua J. | last=Mark | date=November 29, 2023 | website=Brewminate: A Bold Blend of News and Ideas | url=https://brewminate.com/pyramids-statues-and-temples-the-seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world/ | access-date=2025-10-10 }}</ref>

The six classic [[simple machines]] were known in the [[ancient Near East]]. The [[wedge]] and the [[inclined plane]] (ramp) were known since [[prehistoric]] times.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moorey|first1=Peter Roger Stuart|title=Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence|date=1999|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-042-2}}</ref> The [[wheel]], along with the [[wheel and axle]] mechanism, was invented in [[Mesopotamia]] (modern Iraq) during the 5th millennium BC.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East| first=D. T. | last=Potts|year=2012|page=285}}</ref> The [[lever]] mechanism first appeared around 5,000 years ago in the [[Near East]], where it was used in a simple [[balance scale]],<ref name="Paipetis">{{cite book|last1=Paipetis|first1=S. A.|last2=Ceccarelli|first2=Marco|title=The Genius of Archimedes – 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8–10, 2010|date=2010|publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]]|isbn=978-90-481-9091-1|page=416}}</ref> and to move large objects in [[ancient Egyptian technology]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Clarke|first1=Somers|last2=Engelbach|first2=Reginald|title=Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture|date=1990|publisher=[[Courier Corporation]]|isbn=978-0-486-26485-1|pages=86–90}}</ref> The lever was also used in the [[shadoof]] water-lifting device, the first [[Crane (machine)|crane]] machine, which appeared in Mesopotamia {{Circa|3000 BC}},<ref name="Paipetis"/> and then in [[ancient Egyptian technology]] {{Circa|2000 BC}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Faiella|first1=Graham|title=The Technology of Mesopotamia|date=2006|publisher=[[The Rosen Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-1-4042-0560-4|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGMyBTS0-v0C&pg=PA27|access-date=October 13, 2019|archive-date=January 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103045623/https://books.google.com/books?id=bGMyBTS0-v0C&pg=PA27|url-status=live }}</ref> The earliest evidence of [[pulley]]s date back to Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC,<ref name="Eisenbrauns">{{cite book|last1=Moorey|first1=Peter Roger Stuart|title=Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence |date=1999 |publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|isbn=978-1-57506-042-2|page=4}}</ref> and [[ancient Egypt]] during the [[Twelfth Dynasty]] (1991–1802 BC).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Arnold |first1=Dieter|title=Building in Egypt: Pharaonic Stone Masonry|date=1991|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-511374-7|page=71}}</ref> The [[Screw (simple machine)|screw]], the last of the simple machines to be invented,<ref name="Woods">{{cite book|last1=Woods|first1=Michael| first2=Mary B. | last2=Woods|title=Ancient Machines: From Wedges to Waterwheels|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year=2000|location=USA|pages=58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1tzW_aDnxsC&pg=PA58|isbn=0-8225-2994-7|access-date=October 13, 2019|archive-date=January 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104003216/https://books.google.com/books?id=E1tzW_aDnxsC&pg=PA58|url-status=live}}</ref> first appeared in Mesopotamia during the [[Neo-Assyrian]] period (911–609) BC.<ref name="Eisenbrauns"/> The [[Egyptian pyramids]] were built using three of the six simple machines, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the lever, to create structures like the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient Machines: From Grunts to Graffiti|last=Wood|first=Michael|publisher=Runestone Press|year=2000|isbn=0-8225-2996-3|location=Minneapolis, MN|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ancientcommunica00wood/page/35 35, 36]|url=https://archive.org/details/ancientcommunica00wood/page/35}}</ref>

The earliest civil engineer known by name is [[Imhotep]].<ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica"/> As one of the officials of the [[Pharaoh]], [[Djoser|Djosèr]], he probably designed and supervised the construction of the [[Pyramid of Djoser]] (the [[Step Pyramid]]) at [[Saqqara]] in Egypt around 2630–2611 BC.<ref name="Barry">{{cite book|last=Kemp|first=Barry J.|author-link=Barry J. Kemp |title=Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IT6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT159|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date= 2007|page=159|isbn=978-1-134-56388-3|access-date=August 20, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801100712/https://books.google.com/books?id=IT6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT159|url-status=live}}</ref> The earliest practical [[water-power]]ed machines, the [[water wheel]] and [[watermill]], first appeared in the [[Persian Empire]], in what are now Iraq and Iran, by the early 4th century BC.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Selin |first1=Helaine |title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures |date=2013 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=978-94-017-1416-7 |page=282}}</ref>

[[Kingdom of Kush|Kush]] developed the [[Sakia]] during the 4th century BC, which relied on animal power instead of human energy.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gB6DcMU94GUC&q=ancient+irrigation+saqiya&pg=PA309|title=Ancient civilizations of Africa| first=G. | last=Mokhtar |publisher=Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa|page= 309|via=Books.google.com|access-date=2012-06-19|isbn=978-0-435-94805-4|date=1981|archive-date=May 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502161727/https://books.google.com/books?id=gB6DcMU94GUC&q=ancient+irrigation+saqiya&pg=PA309|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hafirs]] were developed as a type of [[reservoir]] in Kush to store and contain water as well as boost irrigation.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization | volume=31 | series=Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East | first=László | last=Török | publisher=BRILL | year=2015 | isbn=978-90-04-29401-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Guh5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA470 }}</ref> Kushite ancestors built [[speos]] during the Bronze Age between 3700 and 3250 BC.<ref>{{cite book| last = Bianchi|first=Robert Steven|title=Daily Life of the Nubians|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32501-4|page=227}}</ref> [[Bloomeries]] and [[blast furnace]]s were also created during the 7th centuries BC in Kush.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Humphris|first1=Jane|last2=Charlton|first2=Michael F.|last3=Keen|first3=Jake|last4=Sauder|first4=Lee|last5=Alshishani |first5=Fareed|date=2018|title=Iron Smelting in Sudan: Experimental Archaeology at The Royal City of Meroe|journal=Journal of Field Archaeology|volume=43|issue=5|pages=399|doi=10.1080/00934690.2018.1479085|issn=0093-4690|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZcX2jQFTRcC&pg=PA61|title=A History of Sub-Saharan Africa|first1=Robert O.|last1=Collins|first2=James M.|last2=Burns|date= 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-521-86746-7|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183058/https://books.google.com/books?id=PZcX2jQFTRcC&pg=PA61|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6tsaBtp0WrMC&pg=PA173|title=The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan|first=David N.|last=Edwards|date= 2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|via=Google Books|isbn=978-0-203-48276-6|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181948/https://books.google.com/books?id=6tsaBtp0WrMC&pg=PA173|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Humphris">{{cite journal|last1=Humphris | first1=J. | last2=Charlton | first2=M.F. | last3=Keen | first3=J. | last4=Sauder | first4=L. | last5=Alshishani | first5=F. |title=Iron Smelting in Sudan: Experimental Archaeology at The Royal City of Meroe|journal=Journal of Field Archaeology|volume=43|issue=5|pages=399–416|date=June 2018|doi=10.1080/00934690.2018.1479085|doi-access=free}}</ref> Wooden plank-built seafaring ships were being engineered and built during the Bronze Age, as evidenced by the [[Uluburun shipwreck]], dated from around 1300 BCE.<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Seafaring and Riverine Navigation in the Bronze Age of Europe | first=Robert | last=van de Noort | title=The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age | series=Oxford Handbooks | editor1-first=Anthony | editor1-last=Harding | editor2-first=Harry | editor2-last=Fokkens | publisher=OUP Oxford | year=2013 | isbn=978-0-19-100732-3 | pages=382–386 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XoxoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA382 }}</ref>

[[Ancient Greece]] developed machines in both civilian and military domains, as evidenced by the writings of [[Philo of Byzantium]] and others.<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Philo of Byzantium | first=Philip | last=Rance | title=Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia | display-editors=1 | date=June 27, 2016 | editor1-first=Sara Elise | editor1-last=Phang | editor2-first=Iain | editor2-last=Spence | editor3-first=Douglas | editor3-last=Kelly | editor4-first=Peter | editor4-last=Londey | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2016 | isbn=979-8-216-06469-5 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hOTNEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PT708 }}</ref> The [[Antikythera mechanism]], an early known mechanical [[analog computer]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/project/general/the-project.html | title=The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080428070448/http://www.antikythera-mechanism.gr/project/general/the-project.html | archive-date=2008-04-28 | access-date=2007-07-01 | website=www.antikythera-mechanism.gr | quote=The Antikythera Mechanism is now understood to be dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "computer" which tracks the cycles of the Solar System }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wilford|first=John|date=July 31, 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/31/science/31computer.html?hp|title=Discovering How Greeks Computed in 100 B.C. |work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 21, 2017|archive-date=December 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204053238/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/31/science/31computer.html?hp|url-status=live}}</ref> and the mechanical [[Archimedes#Discoveries and inventions|inventions]] of [[Archimedes]], are examples of Greek mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes' inventions, as well as the Antikythera mechanism, required sophisticated knowledge of [[Differential (mechanical device)|differential gearing]] or [[epicyclic gearing]], two key principles in machine theory that helped design the [[gear train]]s of the Industrial Revolution, and are widely used in fields such as [[robotics]] and [[automotive engineering]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Wright, M T.|year=2005|title=Epicyclic Gearing and the Antikythera Mechanism, part 2|journal = Antiquarian Horology|volume=29|issue=1 (September 2005)|pages=54–60}}</ref>

Ancient Chinese, Greek, Roman and [[Huns|Hunnic]] armies employed military machines and inventions such as [[artillery]] which was developed by the Greeks around the 4th century BC,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244231/ancient-Greece/261062/Military-technology | encyclopedia=Britannica | title=Greek civilization in the 5th century – Military technology | access-date=2009-06-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606072841/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/244231/ancient-Greece/261062/Military-technology | archive-date=June 6, 2009 }} Quote: "The 7th century, by contrast, had witnessed rapid innovations, such as the introduction of the hoplite and the trireme, which still were the basic instruments of war in the 5th.' and "But it was the development of artillery that opened an epoch, and this invention did not predate the 4th century. It was first heard of in the context of Sicilian warfare against Carthage in the time of Dionysius I of Syracuse."</ref> the [[trireme]], the [[ballista]] and the [[catapult]], the [[trebuchet]] by Chinese circa 6th-5th century BCE.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chevedden|first1=Paul E.|year=1988|chapter=The hybrid trebuchet: the halfway step to the counterweight trebuchet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVX8j0zR6QYC&dq=trebuchet&pg=PA179|page=179 |editor-last1=Kagay|editor-first1=Donald J.|editor-last2=O'Callaghan |editor-first2=Joseph F.|editor-last3= Vann|editor-first3=Theresa M.|title=On the Social Origins of Medieval Institutions Essays in Honor of Joseph F. O'Callaghan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OVX8j0zR6QYC|series=The medieval Mediterranean peoples, economies, and cultures, 400-1453|language=English|volume=19 |publication-place=[[Leiden]], [[Boston]], [[Köln]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|publication-date=1988 |bibcode=|isbn=978-90-04-11096-0|issn=0928-5520|access-date=16 February 2025|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>

===Middle Ages===
The earliest practical [[wind-power]]ed machines, the [[windmill]] and [[wind pump]], first appeared in the [[Muslim world]] during the [[Islamic Golden Age]], in what are now Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, by the 9th century AD.<ref>{{cite book | first1=Ahmad Y. | last1=Hassan | author1-link=Ahmad Y Hassan | first2=Donald Routledge | last2=Hill | author2-link=Donald Routledge Hill | year=1986 | title=Islamic Technology: An illustrated history | page=54 | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | isbn=0-521-42239-6}}.</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Adam|last=Lucas|year=2006|title=Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology |publisher=Brill Publishers|isbn=90-04-14649-0|page=65}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Eldridge|first1=Frank|title=Wind Machines|date=1980|publisher=Litton Educational Publishing, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=0-442-26134-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/windmachines00fran/page/15 15]|edition=2nd|url=https://archive.org/details/windmachines00fran/page/15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepherd|first1=William|title=Electricity Generation Using Wind Power|date=2011|publisher=World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.|location=Singapore|isbn=978-981-4304-13-9|page=4|edition=1}}</ref> The earliest practical [[steam-power]]ed machine was a [[steam jack]] driven by a [[steam turbine]], described in 1551 by [[Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf]] in [[Ottoman Egypt]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%201.htm | title=Taqi al-Din and the First Steam Turbine, 1551 A.D. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218171045/http://www.history-science-technology.com/Notes/Notes%201.htm | archive-date=2008-02-18 | access-date=2008-02-18 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | first=Ahmad Y. | last=Hassan | year=1976 | title=Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering | pages=34–35 | publisher=Institute for the History of Arabic Science, [[University of Aleppo]] }}</ref>

The [[cotton gin]] was invented in India by the 6th century AD,<ref>{{cite book|ref=Lakwete|author=Lakwete, Angela|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOMaGVnPfBcC|title=Inventing the Cotton Gin: Machine and Myth in Antebellum America|place=Baltimore|publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8018-7394-2|pages=1–6|access-date=October 13, 2019|archive-date=April 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420214459/https://books.google.com/books?id=uOMaGVnPfBcC|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[spinning wheel]] was invented in the [[Islamic world]] by the early 11th century,<ref name="Pacey">{{cite book | last = Pacey | first = Arnold | title = Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History | orig-year = 1990 | edition = First MIT Press paperback | year = 1991 | publisher = The MIT Press | location = Cambridge MA | pages = 23–24}}</ref> both of which were fundamental to the growth of the [[cotton industry]]. The spinning wheel was also a precursor to the [[spinning jenny]], which was a key development during the early [[Industrial Revolution]] in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Žmolek |first1=Michael Andrew |title=Rethinking the Industrial Revolution: Five Centuries of Transition from Agrarian to Industrial Capitalism in England |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25179-3 |page=328 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RKaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328 |quote=The spinning jenny was basically an adaptation of its precursor the spinning wheel |access-date=October 13, 2019 |archive-date=December 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229031336/https://books.google.com/books?id=-RKaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The earliest [[Program (machine)|programmable machines]] were developed in the Muslim world. A [[music sequencer]], a programmable [[musical instrument]], was the earliest type of programmable machine. The first music sequencer was an automated [[flute]] player invented by the [[Banu Musa]] brothers, described in their ''[[Book of Ingenious Devices]]'', in the 9th century.<ref name=Koetsier>{{Cite journal |last1=Koetsier |first1=Teun |year=2001 |title=On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators |journal=Mechanism and Machine Theory |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=589–603 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kapur |first1=Ajay |last2=Carnegie |first2=Dale |last3=Murphy |first3=Jim |last4=Long |first4=Jason |title=Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music |journal=[[Organised Sound]] |date=2017 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=195–205 |doi=10.1017/S1355771817000103 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |s2cid=143427257 |issn=1355-7718|doi-access=free }}</ref> In 1206, Al-Jazari invented programmable [[automata]]/[[robot]]s. He described four [[automaton]] musicians, including drummers operated by a programmable [[drum machine]], where they could be made to play different rhythms and different drum patterns.<ref name=Sharkey>Professor Noel Sharkey, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070629182810/http://www.shef.ac.uk/marcoms/eview/articles58/robot.html A 13th Century Programmable Robot (Archive)], [[University of Sheffield]].</ref>

[[File:Agricola1.jpg|thumb|upright|A water-powered [[mine hoist]] used for raising ore, Germany, {{circa|1556}}]]

Before the development of modern engineering, mathematics was used by artisans and craftsmen, such as [[millwright]]s, [[clockmaker]]s, instrument makers and surveyors. Aside from these professions, universities were not believed to have had much practical significance to technology.<ref name="Robinson-Musnon"/>{{rp|32}}

A standard reference for the state of mechanical arts during the Renaissance is given in the mining engineering treatise ''[[De re metallica]]'' (1556), which also contains sections on geology, mining, and chemistry. ''De re metallica'' was the standard chemistry reference for the next 180 years.<ref name="Robinson-Musnon"/>

===Industrial revolution===
[[File:The world's first iron bridge.jpg|thumb|left|253px|The application of the steam engine allowed coke to be substituted for charcoal in [[iron]] making, lowering the cost of iron, which provided engineers with a new material for building bridges. This bridge was made of [[cast iron]], which was soon displaced by less brittle [[wrought iron]] as a structural material.]]
The science of [[classical mechanics]], sometimes called Newtonian mechanics, formed the scientific basis of much of modern engineering.<ref name="Robinson-Musnon">{{cite book|title=Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/sciencetechnolog00aemu |url-access=registration|last1=Musson|first1=A.E.|last2=Robinson|first2=Eric H.|year=1969|publisher =University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-1637-9 }}</ref> With the rise of engineering as a [[profession]] in the 18th century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering, the fields then known as the [[mechanic arts]] became incorporated into engineering.

[[Canal]] building was an important engineering work during the early phases of the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Transportation Revolution, 1815–1860 |last=Taylor|first= George Rogers|year=1969
|publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0-87332-101-3}}
</ref>

[[John Smeaton]] was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer and is often regarded as the "father" of civil engineering. He was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of [[bridge]]s, canals, [[harbor]]s, and [[lighthouse]]s. He was also a capable [[mechanical engineer]] and an eminent [[physicist]]. Using a model water wheel, Smeaton conducted experiments for seven years, determining ways to increase efficiency.<ref name="University Of Chicago Press">{{cite book|title=The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry and Invention|last1=Rosen|first1= William|year= 2012 |publisher = University of Chicago Press|isbn= 978-0-226-72634-2 }}</ref>{{rp|127}} Smeaton introduced iron axles and gears to water wheels.<ref name="Robinson-Musnon"/>{{rp|69}} Smeaton also made mechanical improvements to the [[Newcomen steam engine]]. Smeaton designed the third [[Eddystone Lighthouse]] (1755–59) where he pioneered the use of '[[hydraulic lime]]' (a form of [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]] which will set under water) and developed a technique involving dovetailed blocks of granite in the building of the lighthouse. He is important in the history, rediscovery of, and development of modern [[cement]], because he identified the compositional requirements needed to obtain "hydraulicity" in lime; work which led ultimately to the invention of [[Portland cement]].

Applied science led to the development of the steam engine. The sequence of events began with the invention of the [[barometer]] and the measurement of atmospheric pressure by [[Evangelista Torricelli]] in 1643, demonstration of the force of atmospheric pressure by [[Otto von Guericke]] using the [[Magdeburg hemispheres]] in 1656, laboratory experiments by [[Denis Papin]], who built experimental model steam engines and demonstrated the use of a [[piston]], which he published in 1707. [[Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester]] published a book of 100 inventions containing a method for raising waters similar to a [[coffee percolator]]. [[Samuel Morland]], a mathematician and inventor who worked on [[pump]]s, left notes at the Vauxhall Ordinance Office on a steam pump design that [[Thomas Savery]] read. In 1698 Savery built a steam pump called "The Miner's Friend". It employed both vacuum and pressure.<ref>{{cite book | last = Jenkins | first = Rhys | title = Links in the History of Engineering and Technology from Tudor Times| publisher = Ayer Publishing| year = 1936 | page = 66 | isbn = ((978-0-8369-2167-0))}}</ref> Iron merchant [[Thomas Newcomen]], who built the first commercial piston steam engine in 1712, was not known to have any scientific training.<ref name="University Of Chicago Press"/>{{rp|32}}

[[File:Pan_Am_Boeing_747-121_N732PA_Bidini.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Jumbo Jet]]]]
The application of steam-powered cast iron blowing cylinders for providing pressurized air for [[blast furnace]]s lead to a large increase in iron production in the late 18th century. The higher furnace temperatures made possible with steam-powered blast allowed for the use of more lime in [[blast furnace]]s, which enabled the transition from charcoal to [[coke (fuel)|coke]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Metallurgy, Second Edition |last=Tylecote |first=R.F. |year= 1992|publisher =Maney Publishing, for the Institute of Materials |location= London|isbn=978-0-901462-88-6}}</ref> These innovations lowered the cost of iron, making [[Wagonway|horse railways]] and iron bridges practical. The [[puddling process]], patented by [[Henry Cort]] in 1784 produced large scale quantities of wrought iron. [[Hot blast]], patented by [[James Beaumont Neilson]] in 1828, greatly lowered the amount of fuel needed to smelt iron. With the development of the high pressure steam engine, the power to weight ratio of steam engines made practical steamboats and locomotives possible.<ref name="HunterIndustrialPower">{{cite book |title=A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 2: Steam Power |last1=Hunter |first1= Louis C.|year=1985 | publisher =University Press of Virginia|location= Charlottesville}}</ref> New steel making processes, such as the [[Bessemer process]] and the open hearth furnace, ushered in an area of heavy engineering in the late 19th century.

One of the most famous engineers of the mid-19th century was [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]], who built railroads, dockyards and steamships.<ref>{{cite web | title=Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 - 1859) | work=History | publisher=BBC | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/brunel_kingdom_isambard.shtml | access-date=2025-10-11 }}</ref> Other engineering luminaries of this period include [[Nikola Tesla]], prolific inventor of electrical applications;<ref>{{cite journal | title=Nikola Tesla | first=Kenneth M. | last=Swezey | journal=Science | date=May 16, 1958 | volume=127 | issue=3307 | pages=1147–1159 | doi=10.1126/science.127.3307.1147 | pmid=17771481 | bibcode=1958Sci...127.1147S }}</ref> [[Alexander Graham Bell]], inventor of the first practical [[telephone]];<ref>{{cite journal | title=Alexander Graham Bell and the invention of the telephone | first=J. E. | last=Flood | journal=Electronics and Power | volume=22 | issue=3 | date=March 1976 | page=159 | doi=10.1049/ep.1976.0077 }}</ref> [[George Stephenson]], pioneer of railway transportation;<ref>{{cite journal | title=Early Steam Railways in Great Britain | first=John | last=Duncan | journal=The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin | volume=12 | year=1926 | issue=12 | pages=15–24 | jstor=43516829 }}</ref> and [[Nicolaus Otto]], the designer of the first modern [[internal combustion engine]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Origin of the Automobile Engine | first=Lynwood | last=Bryant | journal=Scientific American | volume=216 | issue=3 | date=March 1967 | pages=102–113 | doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0367-102 | jstor=24931437 | bibcode=1967SciAm.216c.102B }}</ref>

[[File:Gulf Offshore Platform.jpg|thumb|upright|Offshore platform, [[Gulf of Mexico]]]]
The [[Industrial Revolution]] created a demand for machinery with metal parts, which led to the development of several [[machine tools]]. Boring cast iron cylinders with precision was not possible until [[John Wilkinson (industrialist)|John Wilkinson]] invented his [[John Wilkinson (industrialist)#Boring machine for steam engines|boring machine]], which is considered the first [[machine tool]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Roe | first = Joseph Wickham | title = English and American Tool Builders | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 1916 | location = New Haven, Connecticut | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X-EJAAAAIAAJ | lccn = 16011753 | access-date = November 10, 2018 | archive-date = January 26, 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126171157/https://books.google.com/books?id=X-EJAAAAIAAJ | url-status = live }}</ref> Other machine tools included the [[screw cutting lathe]], [[milling machine]], [[turret lathe]] and the [[Planer (metalworking)|metal planer]]. Precision machining techniques were developed in the first half of the 19th century. These included the use of gigs to guide the machining tool over the work and fixtures to hold the work in the proper position. Machine tools and machining techniques capable of producing [[interchangeable parts]] lead to [[Mass production|large scale factory production]] by the late 19th century.<ref>{{Hounshell1984}}</ref>

===Development of new fields===
The United States Census of 1850 listed the occupation of "engineer" for the first time with a count of 2,000.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cowan |first=Ruth Schwartz |author-link=Ruth Schwartz Cowan |title=A Social History of American Technology |publisher=Oxford University Press |place=New York |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-19-504605-2|page=138}}</ref> There were fewer than 50 engineering graduates in the U.S. before 1865. The first [[PhD]] in engineering (technically, ''applied science and engineering'') awarded in the United States went to [[Josiah Willard Gibbs]] at [[Yale University]] in 1863; it was also the second PhD awarded in science in the U.S.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Wheeler
| first = Lynde Phelps
| title = Josiah Willard Gibbs – the History of a Great Mind
| publisher = Ox Bow Press
| year = 1951
| isbn = ((978-1-881987-11-6))}}</ref> In 1870 there were a dozen U.S. mechanical engineering graduates, with that number increasing to 43 per year in 1875. In 1890, there were 6,000 engineers in civil, [[mining]], mechanical and electrical.<ref name="HunterIndustrialPower" /> There was no chair of applied mechanism and applied mechanics at Cambridge until 1875, and no chair of engineering at Oxford until 1907. Germany established technical universities earlier.<ref>
{{cite book
|title=A Short History of Twentieth Century Technology
|last=Williams
|first= Trevor I.
|year= 1982|publisher =Oxford University Press
|location= US
|isbn= 978-0-19-858159-8 |pages=3
}}
</ref>

The foundations of [[electrical engineering]] in the 1800s included the experiments of [[Alessandro Volta]], [[Michael Faraday]], [[Georg Ohm]] and others and the invention of the [[electric telegraph]] in 1816 and the [[electric motor]] in 1872. The theoretical work of [[James Clerk Maxwell|James Maxwell]] (see: [[Maxwell's equations]]) and [[Heinrich Hertz]] in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of [[electronics]]. The later inventions of the [[vacuum tube]] and the [[transistor]] further accelerated the development of electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other engineering specialty.<ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica" />

[[Chemical engineering]] developed in the late nineteenth century.<ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica" /> Industrial scale manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created, dedicated to the development and large scale manufacturing of chemicals in new industrial plants.<ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica" /> The role of the chemical engineer was the design of these chemical plants and processes.<ref name="ECPD Definition on Britannica" />

Originally deriving from the manufacture of [[ceramic]]s and its putative derivative metallurgy, materials science is one of the oldest forms of engineering.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Defonseka |first=Chris |title=Polymer Fillers and Stiffening Agents: Applications and Non-traditional Alternatives |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-11-066999-2 |location=Berlin |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref> Modern materials science evolved directly from [[metallurgy]], which itself evolved from the use of fire. Important elements of modern materials science were products of the [[Space Race]]; the understanding and engineering of the metallic [[alloy]]s, and [[silica]] and [[carbon]] materials, used in building space vehicles enabling the exploration of space. Materials science has driven, and been driven by, the development of revolutionary technologies such as [[rubber]]s, [[plastic]]s, [[semiconductor]]s, and [[biomaterial]]s.

[[File:Four solaire 001.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[Odeillo solar furnace|solar furnace at Odeillo]] in the [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] in [[France]] can reach temperatures up to {{convert|3500|C|F}}.]]

Aeronautical engineering deals with [[aircraft design process]] design while [[aerospace engineering]] is a more modern term that expands the reach of the discipline by including [[spacecraft]] design. Its origins can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the start of the 20th century although the work of [[Sir George Cayley]] has recently been dated as being from the last decade of the 18th century. Early knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported from other branches of engineering.<ref name="americana">{{cite encyclopedia | author = Van Every, Kermit E. | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Americana | title = Aeronautical engineering| year = 1986| publisher = Grolier Incorporated| volume =1| pages = 226 }}</ref> Only a [[decade]] after the successful flights by the [[Wright brothers]], there was extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development of military aircraft that were used in [[World War I]]. Meanwhile, research to provide fundamental background science continued by combining [[theoretical physics]] with experiments.

==Branches of engineering==
{{For outline|Outline of engineering}}
[[File:Hoover dam from air.jpg|thumb|[[Hoover Dam]] is regarded as a major accomplishment in civil engineering<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Building Hoover Dam (Men, Machines, and Methods) | first=Raymond Paul | last=Giroux | date=April 26, 2012 | title=Hoover Dam: 75th Anniversary History Symposium | pages=360–410 | doi=10.1061/41141(390)20 | isbn=978-0-7844-1141-4 }}</ref>]]

Engineering is a broad discipline that is often broken down into several sub-disciplines. Although most engineers will usually be trained in a specific discipline, some engineers become multi-disciplined through experience. The traditional disciplines of engineering are civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical.<ref name=Aslaksen_2012>{{cite book | title=The System Concept and Its Application to Engineering | first=Erik W. | last=Aslaksen | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | year=2012 | isbn=978-3-642-32169-6 | page=145 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ALGpcsRe6QC&pg=PA145 }}</ref><ref name=Young_Muller_2014>{{cite book | title=Knowledge, Expertise and the Professions | editor1-first=Michael | editor1-last=Young | editor2-first=Johan | editor2-last=Muller | publisher=Routledge | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-134-68392-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaxwAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA1953 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Directions in Engineering Research: An Assessment of Opportunities and Needs | author=Engineering Research Board, National Research Council | publisher=National Academies Press | year=1987 | isbn=978-0-309-03747-1 | page=1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG56NsKwqDEC&pg=PA1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hy9WAAAAMAAJ&q=In+most+universities+it+should+be+possible+to+cover+the+main+branches+of+engineering,+ie+civil,+mechanical,+electrical+and+chemical+engineering+in+this+way | journal=Journal of the British Nuclear Energy Society | volume=1 | title=British Nuclear Energy Society | year=1962 | quote=In most universities it should be possible to cover the main branches of engineering, i.e. civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering in this way. More specialized fields of engineering application, of which [[nuclear power]] is ... }}</ref><ref name="UK Council">{{ cite web | url=http://www.engc.org.uk/documents/Hamilton.pdf | website=Internet Archive | title=The Engineering Profession | first=James | last=Hamilton | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810194330/http://www.engc.org.uk/documents/Hamilton.pdf | archive-date=August 10, 2007 | quote=The Civilingenior degree encompasses the main branches of engineering civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical }}</ref><ref name="Ramchandani2000">{{cite book| first=Indu | last=Ramchandani | title=Student's Britannica India,7vol.Set | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g37xOBJfersC&pg=PA146 | year=2000 | publisher=Popular Prakashan | isbn=978-0-85229-761-2 | page=146 | quote=Branches: There are traditionally four primary engineering disciplines: civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical.}}</ref><ref name=Fitzpatrick_Costantini_2022/> (Sometimes structural,<ref name=Aslaksen_2012/> industrial,<ref name=Young_Muller_2014/> or mining and materials<ref name=Young_Muller_2014/> is added.)

Below is a list of recognized branches of engineering.<ref>{{cite book | title=Systems, Cybernetics, Control, and Automation | first=Spyros G. | last=Tzafestas | publisher=CRC Press | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-000-79706-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGeNEQAAQBAJ&pg=PP56 }}</ref><ref name=Fitzpatrick_Costantini_2022>{{cite book | title=Counseling 21st Century Students for Optimal College and Career Readiness: A 9th–12th Grade Curriculum | first1=Corine | last1=Fitzpatrick | first2=Kathleen | last2=Costantini | edition=2nd | publisher=Routledge | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-000-54220-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=selZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT50 }}</ref> Note that there are additional sub-disciplines.

{{clear|right}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Type of engineering
!Information
|-
|Aerospace engineering
|[[Aerospace engineering]] covers the design, development, manufacture and operational behaviour of aircraft, satellites and rockets.
|-
|Agricultural engineering
|[[Agricultural engineering]] utilizes farm power and machinery, biological material processes, bioenergy, farm structures, and agricultural natural resources.
|-
|Biological engineering
|[[Biological engineering]] studies the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products.
|-
|Biomedical engineering
|[[Biomedical engineering]] is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare applications (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic purposes).
|-
|Chemical engineering
|[[Chemical engineering]] is the application of chemical, physical, and biological sciences to developing technological solutions from raw materials or chemicals.
|-
|Civil engineering
|[[Civil engineering]] is the design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply, and treatment etc.), bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings.
|-
|Computer engineering
|[[Computer engineering]] integrates several fields of computer science and electronic engineering required to develop computer hardware and software.
|-
|Electrical engineering
|[[Electrical engineering]] focuses on the design, development, and application of systems and equipment that utilize electricity and electromagnetism.
|-
|Environmental engineering
|[[Environmental engineering]] is a specialized field that uses scientific and engineering principles to protect and improve the environment for human health and well-being.
|-
|Geological engineering
|[[Geological engineering]] is associated with anything constructed on or within the Earth by applying geological sciences and engineering principles to direct or support the work of other disciplines.
|-
|Industrial engineering
|[[Industrial engineering]] focuses on optimizing complex processes, systems, and organizations by improving efficiency, productivity, and quality.
|-
|Marine engineering
|[[Marine engineering]] covers the design, development, manufacture and operational behaviour of watercraft and stationary structures like oil platforms and ports.
|-
|Materials engineering
|[[Materials engineering]] is the application of material science and engineering principles to understand the properties of materials.
|-
|Mechanical engineering
|[[Mechanical engineering]] comprises the design and analysis of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.
|-
|Nuclear engineering
|[[Nuclear engineering]] is a multidisciplinary field that deals with the design, construction, operation, and safety of systems that utilize nuclear energy and radiation.
|-
|Software engineering
|[[Software engineering]] is a branch of both computer science and engineering focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications. It is distinct from [[computer engineering]].
|}

==Interdisciplinary engineering==
{{Main|List of engineering branches}}

Interdisciplinary engineering draws from more than one of the principle branches of the practice. Historically, [[naval engineering]] and [[mining engineering]] were major branches. Other engineering fields are [[manufacturing engineering]], [[acoustical engineering]], [[corrosion engineering]], [[instrumentation and control]], [[Automotive engineering|automotive]], [[information engineering]], [[petroleum engineering|petroleum]], [[systems engineering|systems]], [[audio engineering|audio]], [[software engineering|software]], [[architectural engineering|architectural]], [[biosystems engineering|biosystems]], and [[Textile manufacturing|textile]] [[nuclear engineering|engineering]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/nuclear/nuceng.pdf |title=Nuclear Engineering Overview |website=Career Cornerstone Center |access-date=August 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929162436/http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/nuclear/nuceng.pdf |archive-date=September 29, 2011 }}</ref> These and other branches of engineering are represented in the 40 licensed member institutions of the UK [[Engineering Council]], {{as of|2025|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web | title=Licensing professional engineering institutions | year=2025 | publisher=UK Engineering Council | url=https://www.engc.org.uk/our-role-as-regulator/licensing-professional-engineering-institutions | access-date=2025-10-12 }}</ref>

New specialties sometimes combine with the traditional fields and form new branches – for example, [[Earth systems engineering and management]] involves a wide range of subject areas including [[engineering studies]], [[environmental science]], [[engineering ethics]] and [[philosophy of engineering]].{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

==Practice==
{{main|Regulation and licensure in engineering}}
One who practices engineering is called an [[engineer]], and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, [[Incorporated Engineer]], [[Ingenieur]], [[European Engineer]]. There can also be what is called by the [[FAA]] a [[Federal Aviation Administration#Designated Engineering Representative|Designated Engineering Representative]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/designee_types/der/ |title=faa.gov: "Engineering and Flight Test Designees - Designated Engineering Representative (DER)" |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=June 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608212350/http://www.faa.gov/other%5Fvisit/aviation%5Findustry/designees%5Fdelegations/designee%5Ftypes/der/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Methodology==
[[File:Dampfturbine Montage01.jpg|thumb|upright|Design of a [[turbine]] requires collaboration of engineers from many fields, as the system involves mechanical, electro-magnetic and chemical processes. The [[turbine blade|blades]], [[stator|rotor and stator]] as well as the [[steam cycle]] all need to be carefully designed and optimized.]]

In the [[engineering design]] process, engineers apply mathematics and the physical sciences to find novel solutions to problems or to improve existing solutions. Engineers need proficient knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects. As a result, many engineers continue to learn new material throughout their careers.<ref name=Bronzino_2000>{{cite book | title=Biomedical Engineering Handbook | volume=2 | series=Electrical engineering handbook series | first=Joseph D. | last=Bronzino | edition=2 | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | year=2000 | isbn=978-3-540-66808-4 | pages=126–2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T2UIoAxcFdIC&pg=SA126-PA2 }}</ref>

If multiple solutions exist, engineers weigh each design choice based on their merit and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to yield a successful result. It is generally insufficient to build a technically successful product, rather, it must also meet further requirements.<ref name=Bronzino_2000/>

Constraints may include available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost, [[Safety engineering|safety]], marketability, productivity, and [[Serviceability (computer)|serviceability]]. By understanding the constraints, engineers derive [[specifications]] for the limits within which a viable object or system may be produced and operated.<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Design, Risk and Capabilities | first1=Colleen | last1=Murphy | first2=Paolo | last2=Gardoni | title=The Capability Approach, Technology and Design | volume=5 | series=Philosophy of Engineering and Technology | editor1-first=Ilse | editor1-last=Oosterlaken | editor2-first=Jeroen | editor2-last=van den Hoven | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | year=2012 | isbn=978-94-007-3878-2 | pages=174–175 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_lSb4NR95IC&pg=PA174 }}</ref>

===Problem solving===
[[File:Booster-Layout.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|A drawing for a [[steam locomotive]]. Engineering is applied to [[design]], with emphasis on function and the utilization of mathematics and science.]]
Engineers use their knowledge of [[science]], [[mathematics]], [[logic]], [[economics]], and [[empirical knowledge|appropriate experience]] or [[tacit knowledge]] to find suitable solutions to a particular problem. Creating an appropriate [[mathematical model]] of a problem often allows them to analyze it (sometimes definitively), and to test potential solutions.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html | title=What is engineering? | last=Lucas | first=Jim | website=Live Science | date=August 22, 2014 | language=en | access-date=September 15, 2019 | archive-date=July 2, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702140957/https://www.livescience.com/47499-what-is-engineering.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

More than one solution to a design problem usually exists so the different [[design choice]]s have to be evaluated on their merits before the one judged most suitable is chosen.<ref>{{cite book | title=Multicriteria Optimization and Engineering | first1=R. B. | last1=Statnikov | first2=J. B. | last2=Matusov | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4615-2089-4 | pages=ix–xii | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdPgBwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9 }}</ref> [[Genrich Altshuller]], after gathering statistics on a large number of [[patent]]s, suggested that [[compromise]]s are at the heart of "[[level of invention|low-level]]" engineering designs, while at a higher level the best design is one which eliminates the core contradiction causing the problem.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://theoriesaboutengineering.org/genrich_altshuller.html | website=Theories About Engineering | title=Genrich Altshuller's Theory of Inventive Problem Solving | access-date=September 15, 2019 | archive-date=September 11, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911220432/http://theoriesaboutengineering.org/genrich_altshuller.html | url-status=live}}</ref>

Engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production. They use, among other things: [[prototype]]s, [[scale model]]s, [[simulation]]s, [[destructive testing|destructive tests]], [[nondestructive testing|nondestructive tests]], and [[stress testing|stress tests]]. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected but only in so far as the testing has been representative of use in service. For products, such as aircraft, that are used differently by different users failures and unexpected shortcomings (and necessary design changes) can be expected throughout the operational life of the product.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/engineering-design-process/engineering-design-compare-scientific-method|title=Comparing the Engineering Design Process and the Scientific Method|website=Science Buddies|language=en-US|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216191107/https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/engineering-design-process/engineering-design-compare-scientific-method|url-status=live}}</ref>

Engineers take on the responsibility of producing designs that will perform as well as expected and, except those employed in specific areas of the [[arms industry]], will not harm people. Engineers typically include a [[factor of safety]] in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure. This philosophy is embodied by [[Cicero]]'s Creed, now considered the original engineer's code of ethics. His slogan, ''[[salus populi suprema lex esto]]'', translates as "the health (or safety, or welfare) of the people shall be the supreme law."<ref>{{cite journal | title=Engineering ethics and post-normal science: A French perspective | first=Fanny | last=Verrax | journal=Futures | volume=91 | date=August 2017 | pages=76–79 | doi=10.1016/j.futures.2017.01.009 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

The study of failed products is known as [[forensic engineering]]. It attempts to identify the cause of failure to allow a redesign of the product and so prevent a re-occurrence. Careful analysis is needed to establish the cause of failure of a product. The consequences of a failure may vary in severity from the minor cost of a machine breakdown to large loss of life in the case of accidents involving aircraft and large stationary structures like buildings and dams.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asce.org/forensic-engineering/forensic-engineering/|title=Forensic Engineering {{!}} ASCE|website=www.asce.org|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=April 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408165523/https://www.asce.org/forensic-engineering/forensic-engineering/|url-status=live}}</ref> These larger scale [[engineering disaster]]s can arise from shortcuts or errors in the design process, such as miscalculations and miscommunication.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Engineers Face Ethical Dilemmas | first=Steve | last=Starrett | journal=Leadership and Management in Engineering | volume=13 | issue=1 | date=December 16, 2012 | pages=49–50 | doi=10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000213 }}</ref> They can also happen as a result of [[Fatigue (material)|fatigue]] failure due to [[Stress (mechanics)|stress]], temperature, or [[corrosion]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=Fatigue Analysis of Engineering Structures: State of Development and Achievement | display-authors=1 | first1=Aprianur | last1=Fajri | first2=Aditya Rio | last2=Prabowo | first3=Nurul | last3=Muhayat | first4=Dharu Feby | last4=Smaradhana | first5=Aldias | last5=Bahatmaka | journal=Procedia Structural Integrity | volume=33 | year=2021 | pages=19–26 | publisher=Elsevier | doi=10.1016/j.prostr.2021.10.004 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Faulty computer software can also play a role.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Software disasters—understanding the past, to improve the future | first=Patricia A. | last=McQuaid | journal=Journal of Software: Evolution and Process | volume=24 | issue=5, ''Special Issue: Software, Systems and Services Process Improvement (EuroSPI 2009)'' | date=August 2012 | pages=459–470 | doi=10.1002/smr.500 }}</ref>

===Computer use===
{{See also|Computational engineering}}
[[File:CFD Shuttle.jpg|thumb|left|A computer simulation of high velocity air flow around a [[Space Shuttle orbiter]] during re-entry. Solutions to the flow require [[Finite element method|modelling]] of the combined effects of [[Navier–Stokes equations|fluid flow]] and the [[heat equation]]s.]]

As with all modern scientific and technological endeavors, computers and software play an increasingly important role. As well as the typical business [[application software]] there are a number of computer aided applications ([[computer-aided technologies]]) specifically for engineering.<ref>{{cite book | title=Training for Work in the Computer Age: How Workers who Use Computers Get Their Training | volume=85 | issue=9 | series=Research report series | first1=Harold | last1=Goldstein | first2=Bryna Shore | last2=Fraser | publisher=National Commission for Employment Policy | year=1986 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dO1_4GsnssIC&pg=PA47-IA2 }}</ref> Computers can be used to generate models of fundamental physical processes, which can be solved using [[numerical method]]s.<ref>{{cite book | title=Engineering Modelling and Analysis | display-authors=1 | first1=David | last1=Walker | first2=Michael | last2=Leonard | first3=Andrew | last3=Metcalfe | first4=Martin | last4=Lambert | publisher=CRC Press | year=2018 | isbn=978-1-4822-6640-5 | page=8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20JZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 }}</ref>

One of the most widely used [[design tool]]s in the profession is [[computer-aided design]] (CAD) software. It enables engineers to create 3D models, 2D drawings, and schematics of their designs. CAD together with [[digital mockup]] (DMU) and [[Computer-aided engineering|CAE]] software such as [[Finite element method|finite element method analysis]] or [[analytic element method]] allows engineers to create models of designs that can be analyzed without having to make expensive and time-consuming physical prototypes.<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Digital product design and engineering analysis techniques | display-authors=1 | first1=Tianyu | last1=Zhou | first2=Weidan | last2=Xiong | first3=Yuki | last3=Obata | first4=Carlos | last4=Lange | first5=Yongsheng | last5=Ma | title=Digital Manufacturing: The Industrialization of Art to Part 3D Additive Printing | year=2022 | pages=57–96 | doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-95062-6.00003-6 | isbn=978-0-323-95062-6 }}</ref>

These allow products and components to be checked for flaws; assess fit and assembly; study ergonomics; and to analyze static and dynamic characteristics of systems such as stresses, temperatures, electromagnetic emissions, electrical currents and voltages, digital logic levels, fluid flows, and kinematics. Access and distribution of all this information is generally organized with the use of [[product data management]] software.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Arbe
| first = Katrina
| title = PDM: Not Just for the Big Boys Anymore
| publisher = ThomasNet
| date = May 7, 2001
| url = http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2001/05/pdm_not_just_fo.html
| access-date = December 30, 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806185926/http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2001/05/pdm_not_just_fo.html
| archive-date = August 6, 2010
| url-status=dead
}}</ref>

There are also many tools to support specific engineering tasks such as [[computer-aided manufacturing]] (CAM) software to generate [[CNC]] machining instructions;<ref>{{cite book | title=Robotics, Automation and Computer Numerical Control | first=Ranjit | last=Barua | publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing | year=2024 | isbn=978-1-0364-1466-5 | page=108 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E54sEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA108 }}</ref> [[manufacturing process management]] software for [[production engineering]];<ref>{{cite journal | title=Manufacturing Process Management: iterative synchronisation of engineering data with manufacturing realities | first1=Clement | last1=Fortin | first2=Gregory | last2=Huet | journal=International Journal of Product Development | volume=4 | issue=3–4 | pages=280–295 | date=February 20, 2007 | doi=10.1504/IJPD.2007.012496 }}</ref> [[Electronic design automation|EDA]] for [[printed circuit board]] (PCB)<ref>{{cite conference | title=Printed Circuit Board Design in Computer-Aided Design Tool | display-authors=1 | first1=Petra | last1=Hadrović | first2=Trpimir | last2=Alajbeg | first3=Krešimir | last3=Osman | first4=Mladen | last4=Sokele | date=September 2, 2025 | conference=2025 MIPRO 48th ICT and Electronics Convention | publisher=IEEE | doi=10.1109/MIPRO65660.2025.11132005 }}</ref> and circuit [[schematic]]s for electronic engineers; [[Maintenance, repair, and operations|MRO]] applications for maintenance management; and architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) software for civil engineering.<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Development of Tailored Engineering Software by Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Companies: Benefits versus Risks | display-authors=1 | first1=Yi | last1=Liu | first2=Ke | last2=Chen | first3=Ran | last3=Wei | first4=Hanbin | last4=Luo | title=Construction Research Congress 2020: Computer Applications | date=November 9, 2020 | series=ACSE Library | pages=725–732 | location=Reston, VA | publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers | doi=10.1061/9780784482865.077 | isbn=978-0-7844-8286-5 }}</ref>

In recent years the use of computer software to aid the development of goods has collectively come to be known as [[product lifecycle management]] (PLM).<ref>{{cite web
| last = Arbe
| first = Katrina
| title = The Latest Chapter in CAD Software Evaluation
| publisher = ThomasNet
| date = May 22, 2003
| url = http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2003/05/the_latest_chap.html
| access-date = December 30, 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806132726/http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2003/05/the_latest_chap.html
| archive-date = August 6, 2010
| url-status=dead
}}</ref>

==Social context==
[[File:Kismet-IMG 6007-gradient.jpg|thumb|left|[[Robotic]] [[Kismet (robot)|Kismet]] can produce a range of facial expressions.]]
The engineering profession engages in a range of activities, from collaboration at the societal level, and smaller individual projects. Almost all engineering projects are obligated to a funding source: a company, a set of investors, or a government. The types of engineering that are less constrained by such a funding source, are ''[[pro bono]]'', and [[open-design]] engineering.

Engineering has interconnections with society, culture, and human behavior. Most products and constructions used by modern society, are influenced by engineering. Engineering activities have an impact on the environment,<ref>{{cite book | title=Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering | first=Danny | last=Reible | publisher=CRC Press | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-351-44659-4 | pages=1–4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQZDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 }}</ref> society,<ref>{{cite book | chapter=Engineers and the Evolution of Society | last=Aslaksen | first=E. W. | year=2017 | title=Philosophy and Engineering | display-editors=1 | editor1-last=Michelfelder | editor1-first=D. | editor2-last=Newberry | editor2-first=B. | editor3-last=Zhu | editor3-first=Q. | series=Philosophy of Engineering and Technology | volume=26 | pages=113–124 | publisher=Springer, Cham. | doi=10.1007/978-3-319-45193-0_9 | isbn=978-3-319-45191-6 }}</ref> economies,<ref>{{cite web | title=New Research Shows Engineering Firms' Impact on Economy, Continued Optimism on Business Climate | date=October 23, 2024 | publisher=American Council of Engineering Companies | url=https://www.acec.org/news/last-word-blog/post/new-research-shows-engineering-firms-impact-on-economy-continued-optimism-on-business-climate/ | access-date=2025-10-12 }}</ref> and public safety.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Taking responsibility for public safety: How engineers seek to minimise disaster incubation in design of hazardous facilities | first=Jan | last=Hayes | journal=Safety Science | volume=77 | date=August 2015 | pages=48–56 | publisher=Elsevier | doi=10.1016/j.ssci.2015.03.016 }}</ref>

Engineering projects can be controversial. Examples from different engineering disciplines include: the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s, the [[Three Gorges Dam]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=Unravelling the effects of large-scale ecological programs on ecological rehabilitation of China's Three Gorges Dam | display-authors=1 | first1=Xibao | last1=Xu | first2=Guishan | last2=Yang | first3=Yan | last3=Tan | first4=Jingping | last4=Liu | first5=Shuanghu | last5=Zhang | first6=Brett | last6=Bryan | journal=Journal of Cleaner Production | volume=256 | date=May 20, 2020 | article-number=120446 | doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120446 | bibcode=2020JCPro.25620446X }}</ref> the design and use of [[sport utility vehicle]]s,<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Unchecked Rise of Trucks and SUVs in America | journal=Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, the Issue Spotter | first=Petar | last=Djekic | date=November 25, 2024 | url=https://jlpp.org/the-unchecked-rise-of-trucks-and-suvs-in-america/ | access-date=2025-10-11 }}</ref> and the extraction of [[Fuel oil|oil]]. In response, some engineering companies have enacted serious [[Corporate social responsibility|corporate and social responsibility]] policies.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Enhancing Engineering Ethics: Role Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility | display-authors=1 | last1=Smith | first1=N. M. | last2=Zhu | first2=Q. | last3=Smith | first3=J. M. | last4=Mitcham | first4=C. | journal=Science and Engineering Ethics | volume=27 | article-number=28 | year=2021 | issue=3 | doi=10.1007/s11948-021-00289-7 | pmid=33864147 }}</ref>

The attainment of many of the [[Millennium Development Goals]] requires the achievement of sufficient engineering capacity to develop infrastructure and sustainable technological development.<ref name="MDG">{{cite web|url =http://www.sistech.co.uk/media/ICEBrunelLecture2006.pdf?Docu_id=1420&faculty=14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006054029/http://www.sistech.co.uk/media/ICEBrunelLecture2006.pdf?Docu_id=1420&faculty=14 |archive-date=October 6, 2006|url-status=dead|title = Engineering Civilisation from the Shadows|last = Jowitt|first = Paul W.|date = 2006 }}</ref>

[[File:ElementBlack2.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Radar, [[GPS]], [[lidar]], etc. are all combined to provide proper navigation and [[obstacle avoidance]] (vehicle developed for 2007 [[DARPA Urban Challenge]]).]]

Overseas development and relief NGOs make considerable use of engineers, to apply solutions in disaster and development scenarios. Some charitable organizations use engineering directly for development:
* [[Engineers Without Borders]]
* [[Engineers Against Poverty]]
* Registered Engineers for Disaster Relief
* [[Engineers for a Sustainable World]]
* [[Engineering for Change]]
* Engineering Ministries International<ref name="EMI">[http://www.emiusa.org/index.html Home page for EMI] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414014038/http://emiusa.org/index.html |date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref>

Engineering companies in more developed economies face challenges with regard to the number of engineers being trained, compared with those retiring. This problem is prominent in the UK where engineering has a poor image and low status.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringuk.com/About_us/|title=engineeringuk.com/About_us|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530210132/http://www.engineeringuk.com/About_us/|archive-date=May 30, 2014}}</ref> There are negative economic and political issues that this can cause, as well as ethical issues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.georgededwards.co.uk/policy/why-does-it-matter-why-are-engineering-skills-important |title=Why Does It Matter? – why are engineering skills important? |author= George Edwards |access-date=June 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140619142335/http://www.georgededwards.co.uk/policy/why-does-it-matter-why-are-engineering-skills-important |archive-date=June 19, 2014 }}</ref> It is agreed the engineering profession faces an "image crisis".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.georgededwards.co.uk/the-era-foundation-report.html |title=The ERA Foundation Report |author= George Edwards |access-date=June 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103241/http://www.georgededwards.co.uk/the-era-foundation-report.html |archive-date=October 6, 2014 }}</ref> The UK holds the [[:Category:Engineering companies by country|most engineering companies]] compared to other European countries, together with the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Closing the engineering skills gap through apprenticeships |url=https://marshallgroup.com/en/news-stories/closing-the-engineering-skills-gap-through-apprenticeships |access-date=2025-08-30 |website=Marshall Group |language=en}}</ref>

===Code of ethics===
{{Main|Engineering ethics}}
Many [[engineering societies]] have established codes of practice and [[engineering ethics|codes of ethics]] to guide members and inform the public at large. The [[National Society of Professional Engineers]] code of ethics states:
{{blockquote| Engineering is an important and learned profession. As members of this profession, engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity. Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people. Accordingly, the services provided by engineers require honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity, and must be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. Engineers must perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conduct.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics|title=Code of Ethics|publisher=National Society of Professional Engineers|access-date=July 12, 2017|archive-date=February 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218064318/https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

In Canada, engineers wear the [[Iron Ring]] as a symbol and reminder of the obligations and ethics associated with their profession.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ironring.ca/ |title=Origin of the Iron Ring concept |access-date=August 13, 2021 |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430202754/http://www.ironring.ca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Relationships with other disciplines==

===Science===
{{blockquote|''Scientists study the world as it is; engineers create the world that has never been.''|[[Theodore von Kármán]]<ref name=Caltech>{{cite web
|title=Chair's Message, Caltech.
|last=Rosakis
|first=Ares
|url=http://www.eas.caltech.edu/about/chair
|access-date=15 October 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104130716/http://www.eas.caltech.edu/about/chair
|archive-date=4 November 2011
}}</ref><ref name=Ryschkewitsch>{{cite web|title=Improving the capability to Engineer Complex Systems – Broadening the Conversation on the Art and Science of Systems Engineering|last=Ryschkewitsch|first=M.G. NASA Chief Engineer|page=8 of 21|url=http://sdm.mit.edu/conf09/presentations/ryschkewitsch.pdf|access-date=October 15, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814075607/http://sdm.mit.edu/conf09/presentations/ryschkewitsch.pdf|archive-date=August 14, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=American Society for Engineering Education|title=Engineering education|year=1970|publisher=American Society for Engineering Education|volume=60|quote=The great engineer Theodore von Karman once said, "Scientists study the world as it is, engineers create the world that never has been." Today, more than ever, the engineer must create a world that never has been ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=frZVAAAAMAAJ&q=Scientists+study+the+world+as+it+is;+engineers+create+the+world+that+has+never+been|page=467|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-date=April 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416122644/https://books.google.com/books?id=frZVAAAAMAAJ&q=Scientists+study+the+world+as+it+is;+engineers+create+the+world+that+has+never+been|url-status=live}}</ref> }}

[[File:Worker inside the target chamber of the National Ignition Facility.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|left|Engineers, scientists and technicians at work on target positioner inside [[National Ignition Facility]] (NIF) target chamber]]

There exists an overlap between the sciences and engineering practice; in engineering, one applies science. Both areas of endeavor rely on accurate observation of materials and phenomena. Both use mathematics and classification criteria to analyze and communicate observations.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

Scientists may also have to complete engineering tasks, such as designing experimental apparatus or building prototypes. Conversely, in the process of developing technology, engineers sometimes find themselves exploring new phenomena, thus becoming, for the moment, scientists or more precisely "engineering scientists".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.esm.psu.edu/academics/undergraduate/what-is-engineering-science.aspx |title=What is Engineering Science? |website=esm.psu.edu |access-date=September 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516163509/https://www.esm.psu.edu/academics/undergraduate/what-is-engineering-science.aspx |archive-date=2022-05-16 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:The station pictured from the SpaceX Crew Dragon 5 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[International Space Station]] is used to conduct science experiments in space.]]
In the book ''[[What Engineers Know and How They Know It]]'',<ref name="vincenti">{{cite book|last=Vincenti|first=Walter G. |title=What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-8018-3974-0}}</ref> [[Walter Vincenti]] asserts that engineering research has a character different from that of scientific research. First, it often deals with areas in which the basic [[physics]] or [[chemistry]] are well understood, but the problems themselves are too complex to solve in an exact manner.

There is a "real and important" difference between engineering and physics as similar to any science field has to do with technology.<ref>Walter G Whitman; August Paul Peck. ''Whitman-Peck Physics''. American Book Company, 1946, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gPRLAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA06 p. 06] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801101650/https://books.google.com/books?id=gPRLAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA06 |date=August 1, 2020 }}. {{OCLC|3247002}}</ref><ref>Ateneo de Manila University Press. Philippine Studies, vol. 11, no. 4, 1963. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WKgSAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA600 p. 600]</ref> Physics is an exploratory science that seeks knowledge of principles while engineering uses knowledge for practical applications of principles. The former equates an understanding into a mathematical principle while the latter measures variables involved and creates technology.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1109/JAIEE.1927.6534988|title = Relationship between physics and electrical engineering|journal = Journal of the A.I.E.E.| volume=46| issue=2| pages=107–108|year = 1927| bibcode=1927JAIEE..46..107. |s2cid = 51673339}}</ref><ref>Puttaswamaiah. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lkitoDyVWG0C&pg=PA208 ''Future Of Economic Science''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026144027/https://books.google.com/books?id=lkitoDyVWG0C&pg=PA208 |date=October 26, 2018 }}. Oxford and IBH Publishing, 2008, p. 208.</ref><ref>Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Cynthia L. Breazeal. ''Biologically Inspired Intelligent Robots''. SPIE Press, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0-8194-4872-9}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5SZiAKpFwgC&pg=PA190 p. 190]</ref> For technology, physics is an auxiliary and in a way technology is considered as applied physics.<ref>C. Morón, E. Tremps, A. García, J.A. Somolinos (2011) The Physics and its Relation with the Engineering, INTED2011 Proceedings [https://library.iated.org/view/MORON2011THE pp. 5929–34] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220101632/https://library.iated.org/view/MORON2011THE |date=December 20, 2016 }}. {{ISBN|978-84-614-7423-3}}</ref> Though physics and engineering are interrelated, it does not mean that a physicist is trained to do an engineer's job. A physicist would typically require additional and relevant training.<ref>R Gazzinelli, R L Moreira, W N Rodrigues. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sJLsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 ''Physics and Industrial Development: Bridging the Gap''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801102853/https://books.google.com/books?id=sJLsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 |date=August 1, 2020 }}. World Scientific, 1997, p. 110.</ref> Physicists and engineers engage in different lines of work.<ref>Steve Fuller. Knowledge Management Foundations. Routledge, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-136-38982-5}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ScgJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92 p. 92] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801095210/https://books.google.com/books?id=ScgJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92 |date=August 1, 2020 }}</ref> But PhD physicists who specialize in sectors of [[engineering physics]] and [[applied physics]] are titled as Technology officer, R&D Engineers and System Engineers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aip.org/sites/default/files/statistics/phd-plus-10/physprivsect-chap7.pdf|title=Industrial Physicists: Primarily specialising in Engineering|date=October 2016|publisher=American Institute for Physics|access-date=December 23, 2016|archive-date=September 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906191436/https://www.aip.org/sites/default/files/statistics/phd-plus-10/physprivsect-chap7.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

An example of this is the use of numerical approximations to the [[Navier–Stokes equations]] to describe aerodynamic flow over an aircraft, or the use of the [[finite element method]] to calculate the stresses in complex components. Second, engineering research employs many semi-[[empirical methods]] that are foreign to pure scientific research, one example being the method of parameter variation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baofu |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pu8YBwAAQBAJ&dq=engineering+research+employs+many+semi-empirical+methods+that+are+foreign+to+pure+scientific+research,+one+example+being+the+method+of+parameter+variation&pg=PA141 |title=The Future of Post-Human Engineering: A Preface to a New Theory of Technology |date=2009-03-26 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-0813-2 |pages=141 |language=en}}</ref>

As stated by Fung ''et al.'' in the revision to the classic engineering text ''Foundations of Solid Mechanics'':

<blockquote>Engineering is quite different from science. Scientists try to understand nature. Engineers try to make things that do not exist in nature. Engineers stress innovation and invention. To embody an invention the engineer must put his idea in concrete terms, and design something that people can use. That something can be a complex system, device, a gadget, a material, a method, a computing program, an innovative experiment, a new solution to a problem, or an improvement on what already exists. Since a design has to be realistic and functional, it must have its geometry, dimensions, and characteristics data defined. In the past engineers working on new designs found that they did not have all the required information to make design decisions. Most often, they were limited by insufficient scientific knowledge. Thus they studied [[mathematics]], [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[biology]] and [[mechanics]]. Often they had to add to the sciences relevant to their profession. Thus engineering sciences were born.<ref name="Fung">{{cite book|title=Classical and Computational Solid Mechanics, YC Fung and P. Tong|publisher=World Scientific|year=2001}}</ref></blockquote>

Although engineering solutions make use of scientific principles, engineers must also take into account safety, efficiency, economy, reliability, and constructability or ease of fabrication as well as the environment, ethical and legal considerations such as patent infringement or liability in the case of failure of the solution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics|title=Code of Ethics {{!}} National Society of Professional Engineers|website=www.nspe.org|access-date=September 10, 2019|archive-date=February 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218064318/https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Medicine and biology===
[[File:Modern_3T_MRI.JPG|thumb|left|250px|A 3 tesla clinical [[MRI scanner]]]]
The study of the human body, albeit from different directions and for different purposes, is an important common link between medicine and some engineering disciplines. [[Medicine]] aims to sustain, repair, enhance and even replace functions of the [[human body]], if necessary, through the use of [[technology]].

[[File:GFP Mice 01.jpg|thumb|right|Genetically engineered mice expressing [[green fluorescent protein]], which glows green under blue light. The central mouse is [[wild-type]].]]
Modern medicine can replace several of the body's functions through the use of artificial organs and can significantly alter the function of the human body through artificial devices such as, for example, [[brain implant]]s and [[pacemakers]].<ref name="Boston U">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Bioe/BioeMcGe.htm |title=Ethical Assessment of Implantable Brain Chips. Ellen M. McGee and G.Q. Maguire, Jr. from Boston University |access-date=March 30, 2007 |archive-date=April 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407064911/http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Bioe/BioeMcGe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="IEEE foreign parts">{{Cite journal |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1204814 |title=Foreign parts (electronic body implants) | quote=Feeling threatened by cyborgs? |journal=IEE Review |date=May 2003 |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=30–33 |doi=10.1049/ir:20030503 |access-date=March 3, 2020 |last1=Evans-Pughe |first1=C. |doi-broken-date=July 12, 2025 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The fields of [[bionics]] and medical bionics are dedicated to the study of synthetic implants pertaining to natural systems.

Conversely, some engineering disciplines view the human body as a biological machine worth studying and are dedicated to emulating many of its functions by replacing [[biology]] with technology. This has led to fields such as [[artificial intelligence]], [[Artificial neural network|neural networks]], [[fuzzy logic]], and [[robot]]ics. There are also substantial interdisciplinary interactions between engineering and medicine.<ref name="IME">{{cite web | url=http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/ime/mission.html | publisher=Institute of Medicine and Engineering | title=Informational Outline | quote=The mission of the Institute for Medicine and Engineering (IME) is to stimulate fundamental research at the interface between biomedicine and engineering/physical/computational sciences leading to innovative applications in biomedical research and clinical practice. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317145554/http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/ime/mission.html | archive-date=2007-03-17 | access-date=2007-03-17 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="IEEE">{{Cite journal |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=51 | title=Go to issue | publisher=IEEE | journal=IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine | year=2007 | volume=26 | issue=1 | quote=Both general and technical articles on current technologies and methods used in biomedical and clinical engineering ... |access-date=March 30, 2007 |archive-date=February 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213074931/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=51 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Both fields provide solutions to real world problems. This often requires moving forward before phenomena are completely understood in a more rigorous scientific sense and therefore experimentation and empirical knowledge is an integral part of both.

Medicine, in part, studies the function of the human body. The human body, as a biological machine, has many functions that can be modeled using engineering methods.<ref name="Royal Academy">{{cite web | url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/images/pressRelease/1170256174.pdf | publisher=Royal Academy of Engineering and Academy of Medical Sciences | title=Systems Biology: a vision for engineering and medicine | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410011033/http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/images/pressRelease/1170256174.pdf | archive-date=April 10, 2007 | access-date=2007-04-10 }} quote1: Systems Biology is an emerging methodology that has yet to be defined quote2: It applies the concepts of systems engineering to the study of complex biological systems through iteration between computational or mathematical modelling and experimentation.</ref>

The heart for example functions much like a pump,<ref name="Science Museum of Minnesota">{{Cite web |url=http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson5a.htm |title=Science Museum of Minnesota: Online Lesson 5a; The heart as a pump |access-date=September 27, 2006 |archive-date=September 27, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927073422/http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson5a.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> the skeleton is like a linked structure with levers,<ref name="Minnesota State University emuseum">{{cite web |url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html | website=Minnesota State University emuseum | title=Bones act as levers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220001131/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html | archive-date=December 20, 2008 | access-date=2008-12-20 }}</ref> the brain produces [[Signal (electrical engineering)|electrical signals]] etc.<ref name="UC Berkeley News">{{Cite web |url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/02/23_brainwaves.shtml |title=UC Berkeley News: UC researchers create model of brain's electrical storm during a seizure |access-date=March 30, 2007 |archive-date=February 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202183307/http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/02/23_brainwaves.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> These similarities as well as the increasing importance and application of engineering principles in medicine, led to the development of the field of [[biomedical engineering]] that uses concepts developed in both disciplines.

Newly emerging branches of science, such as [[systems biology]], are adapting analytical tools traditionally used for engineering, such as systems modeling and computational analysis, to the description of biological systems.<ref name="Royal Academy"/>

===Art===
[[File:Leonardo da Vinci - presumed self-portrait - WGA12798.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Leonardo da Vinci]], seen here in a self-portrait, has been described as the epitome of the artist/engineer.<ref name="Bjerklie, David"/> He is also known for his studies on [[human anatomy]] and [[physiology]].]]
There are connections between engineering and art, for example, [[architecture]], [[landscape architecture]] and [[industrial design]] (even to the extent that these disciplines may sometimes be included in a university's [[Faculty (division)|Faculty]] of Engineering).<ref name="National Science Foundation:The Art of Engineering">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=107990&org=NSF |title=National Science Foundation:The Art of Engineering: Professor uses the fine arts to broaden students' engineering perspectives |access-date=April 6, 2018 |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919211145/https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=107990&org=NSF |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MIT World:The Art of Engineering">{{cite web | url=http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/362/ | publisher=MIT World | work=The Art of Engineering | title=Inventor James Dyson on the Art of Engineering | quote=A member of the British Design Council, James Dyson has been designing products since graduating from the Royal College of Art in 1970. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705232213/http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/362/ | access-date=July 5, 2006 | archive-date=2006-07-05 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="University of Texas at Dallas">{{Cite web |url=http://iiae.utdallas.edu/ |title=University of Texas at Dallas: The Institute for Interactive Arts and Engineering |access-date=March 30, 2007 |archive-date=April 3, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403182106/http://iiae.utdallas.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Art Institute of Chicago]], for instance, held an exhibition about the art of [[NASA]]'s aerospace design.<ref name="NASA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/exhibitions/nasa/overview.html | work=Aerospace Design | title=The Art of Engineering from NASA's Aeronautical Research | publisher=The Art Institute of Chicago |access-date=March 31, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030815085429/http://www.artic.edu/aic/exhibitions/nasa/overview.html |archive-date=August 15, 2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Robert Maillart]]'s bridge design is perceived by some to have been deliberately artistic.<ref name="Princeton U">{{Cite book |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/137.html | title=Robert Maillart's Bridges: The Art of Engineering | quote=no doubt that Maillart was fully conscious of the aesthetic implications ... | year=1989 |isbn=978-0-691-02421-9 |access-date=March 31, 2007 |archive-date=April 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420145552/http://press.princeton.edu/titles/137.html |url-status=live |last1=Billington |first1=David P. |publisher=Princeton University Press }}</ref> At the [[University of South Florida]], an engineering professor, through a grant with the [[National Science Foundation]], has developed a course that connects art and engineering.<ref name="National Science Foundation:The Art of Engineering"/><ref name="Chief engineer">{{cite web | url=http://www.chiefengineer.org/content/content_display.cfm/seqnumber_content/2697.htm | title=The Art of Engineering | website=The Chief Engineers Association of Chicago | quote=...the tools of artists and the perspective of engineers... | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927180822/http://www.chiefengineer.org/content/content_display.cfm/seqnumber_content/2697.htm | access-date=September 27, 2007 | archive-date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>

Among famous historical figures, [[Leonardo da Vinci]] is a well-known [[Renaissance]] artist and engineer, and a prime example of the nexus between art and engineering.<ref name="Bjerklie, David">{{cite journal | last=Bjerklie | first=David | title=The Art of Renaissance Engineering | journal=MIT Technology Review | date=January–February 1998 | pages=54–59 }} Article explores the concept of the "artist-engineer", an individual who used his artistic talent in engineering. Quote from article: Da Vinci reached the pinnacle of "artist-engineer"-dom, Quote2: "It was Leonardo da Vinci who initiated the most ambitious expansion in the role of artist-engineer, progressing from astute observer to inventor to theoretician." (Bjerklie 58)</ref><ref name="Drew U">{{cite web | url=http://www.users.drew.edu/~ejustin/leonardo.htm | title=Leonardo da Vinci as an Artist and a Scientist | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419194433/http://www.users.drew.edu/~ejustin/leonardo.htm | access-date=April 19, 2007 | archive-date=2007-04-19 | url-status=dead }} Drew U: user website: cites Bjerklie paper</ref>

===Business===

[[Business engineering]] deals with the relationship between professional engineering, IT systems, business administration and [[change management]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Lean Six Sigma Techniques: Reference Book for Practical Work | first=Marlon A. | last=Jaun | publisher=BoD – Books on Demand | year=2021 | isbn=978-3-7543-0812-7 | page=18 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gb81EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18 }}</ref> [[Engineering management]] or "Management engineering" is a specialized field of [[management]] concerned with engineering practice or the engineering industry sector.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Management Engineering: A New Perspective on the Integration of Engineering and Management Knowledge | display-authors=1 | first1=G. | last1=Elia | first2=A. | last2=Margherita | first3=G. | last3=Passiante | journal=IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management | volume=68 | issue=3 | pages=881–893 | date=June 2021 | doi=10.1109/TEM.2020.2992911 | bibcode=2021ITEM...68..881E }}</ref>

The demand for management-focused engineers (or from the opposite perspective, managers with an understanding of engineering), has resulted in the development of specialized engineering management degrees that develop the knowledge and skills needed for these roles. During an engineering management course, students will develop [[industrial engineering]] skills, knowledge, and expertise, alongside knowledge of business administration, management techniques, and strategic thinking. Engineers specializing in change management must have in-depth knowledge of the application of [[industrial and organizational psychology]] principles and methods.

Professional engineers often train as [[certified management consultant]]s in the very specialized field of [[management consulting]] applied to engineering practice or the engineering sector. This work often deals with large scale complex [[business transformation]] or [[business process management]] initiatives in aerospace and defence, automotive, oil and gas, machinery, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, electrical and electronics, power distribution and generation, utilities and transportation systems. This combination of technical engineering practice, management consulting practice, industry sector knowledge, and change management expertise enables professional engineers who are also qualified as management consultants to lead major business transformation initiatives. These initiatives are typically sponsored by C-level executives.

===Other fields===
In [[political science]], the term ''engineering'' has been borrowed for the study of the subjects of [[Social engineering (political science)|social engineering]] and [[political engineering]], which deal with forming [[political structure|political]] and [[social structure]]s using engineering methodology coupled with [[political science]] principles.<ref>{{cite journal | title='The Divine Science': Political Engineering in American Culture | first=Austin | last=Ranney | journal=American Political Science Review | volume=70 | issue=1 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=August 2014 }}</ref> [[Marketing engineering]] and [[financial engineering]] have similarly borrowed the term.<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Age of Marketing Engineering | display-authors=1 | last1=Lilien | first1=Gary L. | last2=Rangaswamy | first2=Arvind | last3=Matanovich | first3=Timothy | journal=Marketing Management | location=Chicago | volume=7 | issue=1 | date=Spring 1998 | pages=48–50 | url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/a3d3f3fd3ab7e2487c9ce40db371aa16/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=30990 | access-date=2025-10-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title=Financial Engineering in Corporate Finance: An Overview | first=John D. | last=Finnerty | journal=Financial Management | volume=17 | issue=4 | date=Winter 1988 | pages=14–33 | publisher=Wiley | jstor=3665764 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{stack|{{Portal|Engineering}}}}
{{Main|Outline of engineering}}
;Lists
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[List of aerospace engineering topics]]
* [[List of basic chemical engineering topics]]
* [[List of electrical engineering topics]]
* [[List of engineering societies]]
* [[List of engineering topics]]
* [[List of engineers]]
* [[List of genetic engineering topics]]
* [[List of mechanical engineering topics]]
* [[List of nanoengineering topics]]
* [[List of software engineering topics]]
{{Div col end}}
;Glossaries
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Glossary of areas of mathematics]]
* [[Glossary of biology]]
* [[Glossary of chemistry]]
* [[Glossary of engineering]]
* [[Glossary of physics]]
{{Div col end}}
;Related subjects
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Controversies over the term Engineer]]
* [[Design]]
* [[Earthquake engineering]]
* [[Engineer]]
* [[Engineering disasters]]
* [[Engineering economics]]
* [[Engineering education]]
* [[Engineering education in the United States]]
* [[Engineering education research]]
* [[Environmental engineering science]]
* [[Global Engineering Education]]
* [[Green engineering]]
* [[Reverse engineering]]
* [[Structural failure]]
* [[Sustainable engineering]]
* [[Women in engineering]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Wikibooks for engineering ===
The following [[Wikibooks]] provide open educational resources related to engineering and software development:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[:wikibooks:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]]
* [[:wikibooks:Subject:Civil engineering|Civil Engineering]]
* [[:wikibooks:Chemical Engineering|Chemical Engineering]]
* [[:wikibooks:Subject:Computer aided design|Computer Aided Design]]
* [[:wikibooks:Control Systems|Control Systems]]
* [[:wikibooks:Embedded Systems|Embedded Systems]]
* [[:wikibooks:Engineering Acoustics|Engineering Acoustics]]
* [[:wikibooks:Engineering Tables|Engineering Tables]]
* [[:wikibooks:Engineering Thermodynamics|Engineering Thermodynamics]]
* [[:wikibooks:Subject:Electrical engineering|Electrical Engineering]]
* [[:wikibooks:Fluid Mechanics|Fluid Mechanics]]
* [[:wikibooks:Subject:Mechanical engineering|Mechanical Engineering]]
* [[:wikibooks:Project Management|Project Management]]
* [[:wikibooks:Robotics|Robotics]]
* [[:wikibooks:Software Engineering|Software Engineering]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Billington |first=David P. |title=The Innovators: The Engineering Pioneers Who Made America Modern |date= 1996 |publisher=Wiley|edition= New |isbn=978-0-471-14026-9 }}
* {{cite book|last=Blockley|first=David|title=Engineering: a very short introduction|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-957869-6}}
* {{cite book |editor=[[Richard C. Dorf|Dorf, Richard]] |title=The Engineering Handbook |edition=2 |year=2005 |publisher=CRC |location=Boca Raton |isbn=978-0-8493-1586-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Lord |first=Charles R. |title=Guide to Information Sources in Engineering |date=2000 |publisher=Libraries Unlimited |isbn=978-1-56308-699-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoinformati00lord |url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |last=Madhavan |first=Guru |title=Applied Minds: How Engineers Think |date=2015 |publisher=W.W. Norton }}
* {{cite book |last=Petroski |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Petroski |title=To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design |date=1992 |publisher=Vintage |isbn=978-0-679-73416-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/toengineerishuma00petr |url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |last=Vincenti |first=Walter G. |title=What Engineers Know and How They Know It: Analytical Studies from Aeronautical History |date= 1993 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0-8018-4588-8 |title-link=What Engineers Know and How They Know It }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
* {{Wiktionary-inline|engineering}}
* {{Wikiversity inline|Engineering}}
* {{Wikiquote-inline|Engineering}}
* {{wikisource-inline|Category:Engineering|Engineering}}

{{Engineering fields}}
{{Philosophy of science}}
{{Glossaries of science and engineering}}
{{Industries}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Engineering| ]]
[[Category:Engineering occupations]]
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]
[[Category:Main topic articles]]

Runanubandham

2026-03-06T03:33:03Z

Ovfanclub786: general corrected formatting after review and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Runanubandham
| image = Runanubandham.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| story = [[Acharya Aatreya]]
| screenplay = Vedantam Raghavayya
| producer = [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
| director = [[Vedantam Raghavayya]]
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Anjali Devi]]
| music = P. Adinarayana Rao
| cinematography = C. Nageswara Rao
| editing = N. S. Prakasam
| studio = [[Anjali Pictures]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0257070/ |title=Runanubandham (Overview) |work=IMDb |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217223732/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0257070/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| distributor = East India Release
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1960|12|7}}
| runtime = 163 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Runanubandham''''' ({{translation|''Debt Relation''}}) is a 1960 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]], produced by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] under the Anjali Pictures banner<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/runanubandham-1960-telugu-movie |title=Runanubandham (Banner) |work=Filmiclub |access-date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217225718/http://www.filmiclub.com/movie/runanubandham-1960-telugu-movie |url-status=live }}</ref> and directed by [[Vedantam Raghavayya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourfilms.com/film/Runanubandham/16249 |title=Runanubandham (Direction) |work=Know Your Films |access-date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065009/http://www.knowyourfilms.com/film/Runanubandham/16249 |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Anjali Devi]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spicyonion.com/title/runanubandham-telugu-movie/ |title=Runanubandham (Cast & Crew) |work=Spicy Onion |access-date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217224034/http://spicyonion.com/title/runanubandham-telugu-movie/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> and music composed by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bharat-movies.com/telugu/info/runanubandham.htm |title=Runanubandham (Music) |work=Bharat Movies |access-date=18 February 2017 |archive-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218144142/http://bharat-movies.com/telugu/info/runanubandham.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/6519?ed=Tolly |title=Runanubandham (Review) |work=The Cine Bay |access-date=17 February 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217223650/http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/6519?ed=Tolly |url-status=live }}</ref> This film had its beginning sequence in [[Gevacolor]].

==Plot==
The film begins in a village where Lakshmi, an orphan, resides, and Subbanna, a local goon, dotes on her as his sibling. Meanwhile, Zamindar Pratap Rao converts his property into gold due to the Land Ceiling Act and decides to quit. Unfortunately, their house catches on fire, and Zamindar dies. Lakshmi rescues his wife, Kantham & son, Raghu. Before she breathes her last breath, Kantham reveals her ambition to mold her son into a doctor and Lakshmi promises to fulfill her dream. Following this, she shifts to the city to enroll Raghu in the school and strives to be a maid at a school teacher's residence, Narasimham's residence. Here, Suryam, the headmaster's nephew, falls for her, and he, too, decides to take on her responsibility. Now, Subbanna digs out the hidden treasure from the burnt house, hands it over to Govt, and finds the whereabouts of Lakshmi & Raghu. Until then, Pratap Rao's cousin Veerabhadraiah seizes the property, and the concerned authorities deny Subbanna's words when self-esteem Lakshmi quits. Parallelly, Narasimham's wife, Gajalakshmi, learns about the love affair of Lakshmi & Suryam. So, she attributes an illicit relationship between Lakshmi & Subbanna and knits Suryam with her daughter Padma. Knowing it, enraged Subbanna seeks to kill Gajalakshmi and lands in jail. Currently, Lakshmi stands up with courage and toils to fulfill her aim. Years rolled by, and Lakshmi molds Raghu, a doctor, and aspires to construct a hospital to serve those in need. Besides, Veerabhadraiah detects the existence of Raghu. Hence, he intrigues to slay him. Parallelly, Subbanna acquits and divulges the ruse of Gajalakshmi. Suryam rushes for Lakshmi, and by that time, Veerabhadraiah abducts Lakshmi & Raghu. Suryam & Subbanna rescue them, in which Lakshmi dies while guarding Raghu. Finally, the movie ends with Raghu constructing a memorial hospital in the name of Lakshmi.

==Cast==
*[[Anjali Devi]] as Lakshmi
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Suryam
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Subbanna
*[[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Gajalakshmi
*[[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]] as Dr. Raghu & Raghu (dual role)
*Master Gopi as Young Raghu
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Narasimham
*[[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Veerabhadraiah
*[[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C.S.R]] as Zamindar Pratap Rao
*[[Peketi Sivaram]] as Seetaiah
*[[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Panthulu
*[[Girija (actress)|Girija]] as Padma
*[[Nirmalamma]] as Kantham

==Crew==
*'''Art''': Vaali, Sekhar
*'''Choreography''': Vempati
*'''Story — Dialogues''': [[Acharya Aatreya]]
*'''Lyrics''': [[Samudrala Jr.|Samudrala Jr]], [[Kosaraju Raghavayya|Kosaraju]]
*'''Playback''': [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]], [[S. Janaki]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
*'''Editing''': N. S. Prakasam
*'''Cinematography''': C. Nageswara Rao
*'''Music — Producer''': [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
*'''Screenplay — Director''': [[Vedantam Raghavayya]]
*'''Banner''': Anjali Pictures
*'''Release Date''': 7 December 1960

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Runanubandham
| type = film
| artist = [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1960
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 37:06
| label = EMI Columbia
| producer = [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]. Music released on EMI Columbia Audio Company.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No!!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Andaalu Chindagaanu"
|[[Samudrala Jr.|Samudrala Jr]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|4:49
|-
|2
|"Andhamaina Baava"
|[[Kosaraju]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|2:35
|-
|3
|"Yehe Yehe"
|Kosaraju
|P. B. Sreenivas, [[P. Susheela]]
|3:47
|-
|4
|"Lokaalanele Challanayya"
|Samudrala Jr
|P. Susheela
|2:53
|-
|5
|"Maate Jeevitha Lakshyam"
|Samudrala Jr
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
|2:49
|-
|6
|"Nindu Punnami Eela"
|Samudrala Jr
|P. Susheela, S. Janaki
|5:01
|-
|7
|"Oho Oyyari Lahiri"
|Samudrala Jr
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|3:05
|-
|8
|"Raavela Andala Bala"
|Samudrala Jr
|Ghantasala, P. Susheela
|8:00
|-
|9
|"Yenaatido Ee Bandham"
|Samudrala Jr
|Ghantasala
|3:07
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vedantam Raghavayya}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1960 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1960 Indian films]]

Morya (film)

2026-03-04T09:48:20Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up new details - done

{{Short description|2011 Indian film by Avadhoot Gupte}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{AI-generated|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Morya - Marathi Movie
| image = Morya Marathi Movie.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Avdhoot Gupte]]
| producer = [[Avdhoot Gupte]] [[Atul Kamble]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Santosh Juvekar]] [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] [[Pari Telang]] [[Spruha Joshi]] [[Dilip Prabhawalkar]] [[Ganesh Yadav]] [[Pushkar Shrotri]] [[Sunil Ranade]]
| music = [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|08|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Morya''''' is a Marathi movie and released on 19 August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marathishowbiz.com/morya.php|title=Morya: Marathi movie, Morya movie review, cast, song lyrics, photos, wallpapers, Morya photos, Morya pics, Morya images, Morya info, lyrics of song in Morya|publisher=marathishowbiz.com}}</ref> Directed and produced by [[Avadhoot Gupte]] along with Atul Kamble.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Moraya' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/santosh-juvekar-hit-marathi-films-of-the-actor/moraya/photostory/63785538.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In the bustling city of Mumbai, where life pulses with energy and diversity, two adjoining chawls, Ganesh Chawl and Khatav Chawl, stand as witnesses to an age-old rivalry steeped in tradition. Nestled in prime locations, these chawls have become epicenters of fervent celebrations during the auspicious festival of Ganeshotsav, an event that unites the city in splendor and devotion.

For years, Ganesh Chawl and Khatav Chawl have been locked in a spirited competition, each vying for the coveted title of the "best" Ganeshotsav celebration. The rivalry transcends mere camaraderie, as these factions pull out all stops to showcase their supremacy. The narrow lanes that separate them become arenas for an annual showdown of grandeur and creativity.

The air is thick with anticipation as the residents of Ganesh Chawl meticulously plan every detail of their celebration. Elaborate decorations, intricate idols, and a meticulously curated procession—all orchestrated to outshine their counterparts across the lane. Meanwhile, Khatav Chawl is not one to be outdone; they respond with equal fervor, if not more. The competition becomes a beacon of creativity and innovation, with each faction pushing the boundaries of tradition to leave an indelible mark.

As the festival approaches, a palpable tension envelops the chawls, heightening the sense of excitement. Residents engage in friendly banter that carries an undertone of rivalry, and the entire neighborhood becomes a canvas for their competitive spirit. Evenings are filled with the sounds of rehearsals, drumbeats, and laughter as both factions prepare for the grand spectacle that is Ganeshotsav.

On the day of the festival, the streets come alive with a riot of colors, the fragrance of flowers, and the rhythmic beats of traditional instruments. Ganesh Chawl and Khatav Chawl stand as living testaments to the vibrant tapestry of Mumbai's cultural mosaic, each contributing its unique flair to the larger-than-life celebration.

In this clash of tradition and rivalry, the spirit of Ganeshotsav binds the two chawls in a shared love for the divine. Despite the fierce competition, there exists a subtle camaraderie that transcends the rivalry, for in the heart of Mumbai, amidst the fervor of celebration, the essence of unity prevails, reminding everyone that, in the end, it's the spirit of togetherness that makes these festivities truly exceptional.
== Cast ==
* [[Santosh Juvekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=Santosh Juvekar celebrates 12 years of 'Morya'; pens down a heartfelt note - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/santosh-juvekar-celebrates-12-years-of-morya-pens-down-a-heartfelt-note/articleshow/102940974.cms |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> as Manoj (Manya) Shinde
* [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as Sameer Sayyad
* [[Spruha Joshi]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-12 |title=I am in no hurry to do films: Spruha Joshi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/I-am-in-no-hurry-to-do-films-Spruha-Joshi/articleshow/16528237.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> as Manya's girlfriend & Bar singer
* [[Dilip Prabhawalkar]] as Kamat Kaka
* [[Pari Telang]] as Media representative
* Vignesh Joshi as Media representative
* [[Pushkar Shrotri]] as Danwade
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Javed
* [[Supriya Pathare]] as Mrs. Ghorpade
* Sunil Godse as Nazim Bhai
* Sumedh Gaikwad as Sumya
* Maushmi Hadkar as Rashmi Avte
* Vimal Mhatre as Manya's mother
* Vijay Nikam as Ghorpade Kaka
* Janardhan Parab as Parab Kaka
* Ganesh Yadav as Inspector Rane
* Shekhar Shukla as Patel Builder
* Rohan Gujar as Manya's friend
* Sunil Ranade
===Guest appearances===
* [[Subodh Bhave]] as Qawali Singer
* [[Avadhoot Gupte]] as Qawali Singer
* [[Sachin Pilgaonkar]] as Himself
* [[Kranti Redkar]] as dancer in song ''Kal Ratri Me Mail Kela''

==Soundtrack==
The music is produced by [[Avadhoot Gupte]] and co-directed by Amit Sonmale.<ref>{{Citation |title=Morya Title Song - Morya {{!}} Marathi Songs {{!}} Ganpati Songs {{!}} Swapnil Bandodkar, Avadhoot Gupte |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EprrIWK_VY |access-date=2023-10-15 |language=en}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| title1 = Morya Title Song | length1 =
| title2 = Aarti | length2 =
| title3 = Dev Chorala Slow Version | length3 =
| title4 = Dev Chorla | length4 =
| title5 = Email Kaal Internet Var Kela | length5 =
| title6 = Govinda Re | length6 =
| title7 = Hey Lambodar | length7 =
| title8 = Utsavatla Raja Utsav | length8 =
}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.marathishowbiz.com/morya.php Movie Review - marathishowbiz.com]
* {{IMDb title|2327425|Morya}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]

Darling (2021 film)

2026-03-04T09:37:00Z

Ovfanclub786: created the data v1

{{short description|2021 Indian romantic film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Darling
| image = Darling 2021 film.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sameer Asha Patil
| producer = Arundhati Dhupe Amit Dhupe Vandana Patke Thakur Ajay Thakur V. J. Shalaka Nikhil V. Khajindar Sameer Asha Patil
| writer = Sameer Asha Patil
| starring = {{ubl|[[Prathamesh Parab]]|[[Ritika Shrotri]]|[[Nikhil Chavan]]}}
| music = Abhinay Jagtap
| cinematography = M Dhawal
| editing = Vaibhaw Pratap Singh
| studio = 7 Horse Entertainment Pvt Ltd V.Patke Films Kathakar Motion Pictures
| distributor = Pickle Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|12|10}}
| runtime = 156
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget = ₹1.5 crore
| gross = ₹3-4 crore
}}

'''''Darling''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]] language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by Sameer Asha Patil under the banner of 7 Horse Entertainment Pvt Ltd., V.Patke Films and Kathakar Motion Pictures. The film starring [[Prathamesh Parab]], [[Ritika Shrotri]] and [[Nikhil Chavan]] depicts the comic love story of three characters in a village of Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/darling-trailer-prathamesh-parab-ritika-shrotri-and-nikkhhil-chavaan-starrer-promises-all-round-entertainment/articleshow/79835599.cms |title= Darling' trailer: Prathamesh Parab, Ritika Shrotri, and Nikkhhil Chavaan starrer promises all round entertainment |date= 21 December 2020 |access-date= 1 October 2021 |website= Times of India |language= en |archive-date= 2 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210502111546/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/darling-trailer-prathamesh-parab-ritika-shrotri-and-nikkhhil-chavaan-starrer-promises-all-round-entertainment/articleshow/79835599.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> It was theatrically released on 10 December 2021.

==Plot==
Babli, a spirited individual born into a prosperous family, went missing one night, prompting a collective search. In an inebriated state, she found herself outside the residence of her romantic interest, Tushar, expressing her desire for immediate marriage. However, Tushar, apprehensive about familial repercussions, did not appear the following morning. Subsequently, Babli severed contact with him and informed her family of her willingness to marry a suitor of their choosing.

Upon consulting the family [[Astrology|astrologer]], Aditya from Mumbai emerged as a prospective match, seeking a bride from a rural background. Both families expressed mutual interest, and arrangements were made for a meeting. The astrologer, however, foresaw potential obstacles, identifying not only Tushar but also Rajabhau—a seemingly idle individual with a penchant for a lavish lifestyle.

Despite the foreseen challenges, Babli and Aditya agreed to proceed with their marriage. Tushar attempted to reconcile with Babli through unidentified phone numbers, leading them to contemplate rekindling their relationship and eloping. Simultaneously, Rajabhau, unaware of Tushar's involvement, also reached out to Babli from an unknown number, believing her to be a companion of Tushar seeking his assistance in their elopement. This intricate web of misconceptions set the stage for a complex series of events in the lead-up to Babli and Aditya's impending union.

==Cast==
* [[Prathamesh Parab]] as Tushar
* [[Ritika Shrotri]] as Babli
* [[Nikhil Chavan]]
* [[Mangesh Kadam]]
* Aabha Velankar
* Jaywant Wadkar
* Amey Barve
* Sunil Deo
* Harsha Gupte
* Umesh Bolake
* Santosh Padmini Mane (special appearance)
* Anand Ingale

==Release==
The film was initially slated to release on 7 January 2021<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prathamesh-parabs-darling-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/79077200.cms |title=Prathamesh Parab's 'Darling' gets a release date |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=Times of India |language=en |archive-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125131131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prathamesh-parabs-darling-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/79077200.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> but pushed to 26 January,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prathamesh Parab and Nikkhhil Chavaan starrer 'Darling' to release on THIS date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prathamesh-parab-and-nikkhhil-chavaan-starrer-darling-to-release-on-this-date-this-date/articleshow/79792385.cms|date=18 December 2020|access-date=1 October 2021|website=Times of India|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001162550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prathamesh-parab-and-nikkhhil-chavaan-starrer-darling-to-release-on-this-date-this-date/articleshow/79792385.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> which was also postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/darling-release-postponed-prathamesh-parab-and-ritika-shrotri-starrer-film-release-rescheduled/60080b593173ef392bb2e008|title=Darling Release Postponed: Prathamesh Parab And Ritika Shrotri Starrer Film Release Rescheduled|author=Samruddhi Naroji|date=20 January 2021|access-date=1 October 2021|website=Spotboye|language=en|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001162552/https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/darling-release-postponed-prathamesh-parab-and-ritika-shrotri-starrer-film-release-rescheduled/60080b593173ef392bb2e008|url-status=live}}</ref> It was released theatrically on 10 December 2021 by Pickle Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prathamesh-parab-and-ritika-shrotri-starrer-darling-to-arrive-in-theatres-on-december-10-2021/articleshow/86804060.cms|title=Prathamesh Parab and Ritika Shrotri starrer 'Darling' to arrive in theatres on December 10, 2021|website=Times of India|date=6 October 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209212511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/prathamesh-parab-and-ritika-shrotri-starrer-darling-to-arrive-in-theatres-on-december-10-2021/articleshow/86804060.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Darling
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Chinar - Mahesh]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 10 November 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/darling-marathi|title=Darling – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|publisher=Gaana|access-date=8 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208091558/https://gaana.com/album/darling-marathi|url-status=live}}</ref>
| recorded = 2020
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 13:36
| language = Marathi
| label = Video Palace
| producer =
| misc = {{external media | headerimage = Official audio
| audio1 =[https://gaana.com/album/darling-marathi Darling - Full Album] on [[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}
}}

Soundtrack of the film is composed by [[Chinar - Mahesh]] and lyrics are penned by Sameer Samant, Mandar Cholkar, Mangesh Kangane and Mahesh Ogale. The songs are sung by Ravindra Khomne, Shubhangi Kedar, Chinar Kharkar and Sonali Patel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/darling/2uWlJ2uVx70_|title=Darling – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=13 November 2021|publisher=Jiosaavn|access-date=1 October 2021|archive-date=1 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001185524/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/darling/2uWlJ2uVx70_|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 13:36
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Darling Tu
| note1 = Chorus : Vivek Naik
| extra1 = Ravindra Khomne
| lyrics1 = Sameer Samant, Mahesh Ogale
| length1 = 3:26
| title2 = Ye Hai Pyar
| extra2 = Sonali Patel, Chinar Kharkar
| lyrics2 = Mangesh Kangane
| length2 = 4:40
| title3 = Manacha Pakharu
| extra3 = Shubhangi Kedar
| lyrics3 = Mandar Cholkar
| length3 = 5:30
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|13696316}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2021 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]

Vachina Vaadu Suryudu

2026-03-03T21:58:12Z

Ovfanclub786: new basic stub v1...

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vachina Vaadu Suryudu
| image = Vachina Vadu Suryudu (2002 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Movie poster
| native_name = 
| director = Mandava Gopala Krishna
| writer = Sata Vahana (dialogues)
| screenplay = Mandava Gopala Krishna
| story = Sata Vahana
| based_on = 
| producer = Mulpuri Lakshamana Swamy
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]]
*Lakshmana Swamy
*[[Vijayachander]]
* Rahul
*[[Lakshmi Sharma|Lahari]]
*[[Prasad Babu]]
*[[Suthi Velu]]
*[[Vizag Prasad]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[M. V. Raghu]]
| editing = Uma Sankara Babu
| music = Radha Gopi
| studio = Jalaja Art Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2002|8|9}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Vachina Vaadu Suryudu''''' ({{Translation|The one who came is Suryam}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by Mandava Gopala Krishna and starring Lakshmana Swamy, [[Vijayachander]], Rahul, [[Lakshmi Sharma|Lahari]], [[Prasad Babu]], [[Suthi Velu]] and [[Vizag Prasad]] while [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] and [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] make guest appearances. The film was released to mixed reviews.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] as the [[chief minister]] (guest appearance)
*Lakshmana Swamy as Major Suryam
*[[Vijayachander]] as the freedom fighter
* Rahul as Sankar
*[[Prasad Babu]] as Rayudu
*[[Suthi Velu]] as Polayya, the [[sarpanch]]
*[[Vizag Prasad]] as Ramanatham
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]]
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Krishna Rao
* Deekshitulu
* Deepak
* Hema Sundar
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]]
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
* [[Gautam Raju]]
*[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as the [[district collector]]
*[[AVS (actor)|AVS]] as the college principal
*[[Chitti Babu (Telugu actor)|Chitti Babu]]
*[[Babu Mohan]]
*[[Shashank (actor)|Shashank]] as Kiran
* Prabha as Rayudu's wife
*[[Lakshmi Sharma|Lahari]] as Gowri
* Swapna
* Padma Jayanti
*Uma Chowdary
*[[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] as Satyam (guest appearance; uncredited)<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-vvs.html|title=Combining art with a cause|work=[[The Hindu]]|via=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-date=17 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117184750/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-vvs.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
The film's theme showcases human values,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/straight-answers/articleshow/18489222.cms|title=Straight answers|date=8 August 2002|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> and was shot in six villages in [[Medak district]].<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/coming/vachina.html|title=Movie Preview - Vachina Vaadu Suryudu|work=Idlebrain.com|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-date=17 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117185547/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/coming/vachina.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Some scenes featuring Rahul and [[Lakshmi Sharma|Lahari]] were shot at a temple in [[Lakshmapur]].<ref name="I"/>

== Release and reception ==
The film was released on 9 August 2002 coinciding with [[Quit India Movement]].<ref name="I"/> [[Gudipoodi Srihari]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Lakshmana Swamy, the man behind this show, appears to have the leanings of a committed filmmaker".<ref name="H"/> A critic from ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "The movie has so-so social communiqué, but otherwise collapses under its own stupefying lack of common sense".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/vacchina-vaadu-suryudu/telugu/vacchina-vaadu-suryudu-movie-reviews-742-2.html|title=Vacchina Vaadu Suryudu Review|website=fullhyd.com|first=Kiran|last=Nadella|access-date=27 March 2024|archive-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114151728/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/vacchina-vaadu-suryudu/telugu/vacchina-vaadu-suryudu-movie-reviews-742-2.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was one of several films from 2002 that were eligible for [[Nandi Awards]] in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/2002nandi-nominees.html|title=Nominations for Nandi Awards 2002|date=14 August 2003|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2002 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2002 Indian films]]

Vallamai

2026-03-03T02:24:32Z

Ovfanclub786: new basic entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|2025 Tamil film by Karuppaiyaa Murugan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vallamai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Karuppaiyaa Murugan
| writer = Karuppaiyaa Murugan
| producer = Karuppaiyaa Murugan
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Premji Amaren]]
*Dhivadarshini
}}
| cinematography = Sooraj Nallusami
| editing = C Ganesh Kumar
| music = GKV
| studio = Battlers Cinema
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|4|25}}
| runtime = 109 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Vallamai''''' ({{translation|Strength}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film written, directed and produced by Karuppaiyaa Murugan under his Battlers Cinema banner starring [[Premgi Amaren]] and Dhivadarshini in the lead roles.

''Vallamai'' was released in theatres on 25 April 2025.

== Cast ==
* [[Premgi Amaren]] as Saravanan
* Dhivadarshini as Boomika
* [[Deepa Shankar]]
* Valakku en Muthuraman
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Police constable
* [[Rajith Menon]]
* Seerkavi as Boomika's Bharatanatyam Teacher

== Production ==
The film is written, directed and produced by Karuppaiyaa Murugan under his Battlers Cinema, who earlier directed ''Vidiyatha Iravondru Vendum'' (2022), now with [[Premgi Amaren|Premji Amaren]] in the lead role,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-02-01 |title=Premgi to lead Karuppaiyaa Murugan's Vallamai |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/01/premgi-to-lead-karuppaiyaa-murugans-vallamai |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> who was last seen in [[The Greatest of All Time|''The Greatest of All Time'']] (2024) under his brother [[Venkat Prabhu|Venkat Prabhu's]] direction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-04-13 |title=Vallamai trailer to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/13/vallamai-trailer-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The technical team consists of cinematographer Sooraj Nallusami, music composer GKV, editor C Ganesh Kumar, art director SK Ajay, and stunt director SR Harimurugan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-02-18 |title=Vallamai Teaser: Premgi is upto some mischief in this thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/18/vallamai-teaser-premgi-is-upto-some-mischief-in-this-thriller |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The film has music composed by GKV.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-02-17 |title=Vallamai teaser to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/17/vallamai-teaser-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2025-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308105026/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/17/vallamai-teaser-to-be-out-on-this-date |url-status=live }}</ref> The first single "Magale En Magale" sung by [[Venkat Prabhu]] released on 12 March 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-03-11 |title=Premgi's Vallamai first single to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/11/premgis-vallamai-first-single-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Magale En Magale
| lyrics1 = Karuppaiyaa Murugan
| extra1 = [[Venkat Prabhu]]
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Vallamai'' was released in theatres on 25 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-03-25 |title=Premgi starrer Vallamai gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/25/premgi-starrer-vallamai-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The film was certified 'U/A' by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-03-09 |title=Premgi's Vallamai clears censorship formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Mar/09/premgis-vallamai-clears-censorship-formalities |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
''Vallamai'' is set to be premiered on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha Tamil]] on 23 May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-21 |title=Premgi's Vallamai gets OTT release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2025/May/21/premgis-vallamai-gets-ott-release-date |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Critical response ==
A critic of ''[[Dinamalar]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 by criticizing its immature scenes and the weak screenplay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=வல்லமை - விமர்சனம் {2.5/5} : வல்லமை - ரசிகர்களுக்கு வேண்டும் மன வலிமை - Vallamai |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3577/Vallamai/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=cinema.dinamalar.com |language=en}}</ref> A critic of [[Maalai Malar|''Maalai Malar'']] gave 2/5 stars and criticized the film's screenplay and the lack of cohesion in the visuals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maalaimalar |date=2025-04-25 |title=வல்லமை திரைவிமர்சனம் {{!}} Vallamai Review in Tamil |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/vallamai-162615 |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> Abhinav Subramanian of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "Director Karuppaiyaa Murugan occasionally captures something genuine about the rural-to-urban transition, but the handling of the sensitive central plot feels awkward and half-baked. The revenge storyline lacks any punch, with confrontations that fall flat and a villain hunt that veers into unintentional comedy territory."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vallamai Movie Review : When logic takes a holiday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vallamai/movie-review/120580613.cms |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Akshay Kumar of [[Cinema Express|''Cinema Express'']] wrote "''Vallamai'', to sum up, leaves much to be desired, especially after showing promise in the early scenes. The film falters by pushing the emotionally healthy responses of the victim and her family to an implausible extreme. The screenplay fails to craft a humanistic arc for its leads, and this shortcoming is only worsened by a poorly conceived revenge track."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-04-25 |title=Vallamai Movie Review: Callous treatment squanders a sensitive storyline |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Apr/25/vallamai-movie-review-callous-treatment-squanders-a-sensitive-storyline |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=35653149}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2020s vigilante films]]
[[Category:Films about child sexual abuse]]
[[Category:Films about father–daughter relationships]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

The Journey of Karma

2026-03-02T09:39:47Z

Ovfanclub786: clean up

{{short description|2018 Hindi film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}

{{Infobox film
| name = The Journey of Karma
| image = The Journey of Karma Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Jagbir Dahiya]]
| producer = [[Jagbir Dahiya]]
| writer = [[Rupesh Paul]]
| music = Danish Alfaaz Nishant Salil Onkar Minhas
| starring = [[Poonam Pandey]] [[Shakti Kapoor]]
| cinematography = Salih Salam
| editing = Akshay Kaledy
| studio = Surya Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|2018|10|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 98 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''The Journey of Karma'''''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/trailer-of-poonam-pandeys-the-journey-of-karma-is-out/videoshow/66063156.cms|title=Trailer of Poonam Pandey's 'The Journey of Karma' is out|date=4 October 2018|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref> is a 2018 Hindi film starring [[Poonam Pandey]] and [[Shakti Kapoor]] directed by [[Jagbir Dahiya]] and written by [[Rupesh Paul]]. ''The Journey of Karma'' was released on 26 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/entertainment/shakti-kapoor-launches-the-trailer-and-music-of-the-journey-of-karma.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004183410/https://deccanchronicle.com/videos/entertainment/shakti-kapoor-launches-the-trailer-and-music-of-the-journey-of-karma.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2018|title=Shakti Kapoor Launches The Trailer And Music Of The Journey Of Karma|date=2018-10-03|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-10-04|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/tv/shakti-kapoor-on-anup-jalota-jasleens-relationship-new-film-the-journey-of-karma/11515|title=Shakti Kapoor on Anup Jalota & Jasleen's Relationship & new film 'The Journey of Karma'|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/bollywood/the-journey-of-karma-trailer-poonam-pandeys-sleazy-scenes-with-shakti-kapoor-will-leave-you-shocked-watch-video-417925.html|title=The Journey of Karma Trailer: Poonam Pandey's Sleazy Scenes With Shakti Kapoor Will Leave You Shocked – Watch Video {{!}} LatestLY|date= 3 October 2018|work=Latestly|accessdate=2018-10-04}}</ref>

== Premise ==
It is a story of a slum girl who is good in studies and tries to chase her dreams to works at [[US]]. She travels through her journey packed with twist'n turns, surprises & lust with a mysterious old man.

== Cast ==

* [[Poonam Pandey]] as Karma D'souza
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Mahek D. Shukla
* Shravani
* Shivender Dahiya
* Kressy Singh as Karma D'souza's Friend

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = The Journey of Karma
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Danish Alfaaz, Nishant Salil and Onkar Minhas
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 25 October 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-journey-of-karma/hRtpE7APRD4_|title=The Journey of Karma - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |publisher=Jio Saavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:32
| label = Surya Entertainment
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|NaA86rCRyzg|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by Danish Alfaaz, Nishant Salil and Onkar Minhas.

{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length= 24:32
| title1 =Maula Mere
| extra1 = Danish Alfaaz
| length1 = 6:01
| title2= Sugar Biscuit
| extra2 = Lyla, Danish Alfaaz
| length2 = 2:52
| title3 = Parinde
| extra3 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| length3 = 5:06
| title4= Aao Na
| extra4 = Lyla
| length4 =4:05
| title5= Oh Baby
| extra5 = Amrita Talukder
| length5 = 2:58
| title6 = The Journey of Karma
| extra6 = Sukhwinder Singh, Amrita Talukder, Lyla, Danish Alfaaz, Nishant Salili
| length6 = 3:30
}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|9070934}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|the-journey-of-karma}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Journey of Karma, The}}
[[Category:2018 drama films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic drama films]]

Naya Pata

2026-03-02T09:32:55Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up stub

{{COI|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Naya Pata
|image =Naya Pata poster.jpg
|caption = Film poster
|director = Pawan K. Shrivastava<ref name="website" />
|producer =
|writer = Pawan K. Shrivastava
|starring = Abhishek Sharma Shaad Ahmed Yashwardhan Singh Julie Warsi Chandra Nisha Madhuri
| music = Parashar Naik Rupesh Pathak
|cinematography = [[Saket Saurabh (cinematographer)|Saket Saurabh]]

|editing = Parashar Naik
|studio = Vaartul Films and Nayaab Vision Entertainment
|released = {{Film date|2014|06|27|df=y}}
|runtime = 97 minutes
|country = India
|language = [[Hindi]] and [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Naya-Pata |title=Naya Pata |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101064111/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Naya-Pata |work=The Times Of India |archivedate=1 November 2012 |accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref>
}}
'''''Naya Pata'''''<ref name="website">{{cite web|url=http://nayapata.com/index.php/|title=Naya Pata |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092423/http://nayapata.com/index.php|archivedate=2 February 2014|df=dmy-all |accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref> is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language [[independent film]] from Bihar which was produced through [[crowd funding]]. It was the directing debut film of [[Pawan K Shrivastava]].<ref name="website2">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120827/jsp/bihar/story_15901062.jsp/ |title=Young Turk to screen migration menace - Crowd funding helps 29-yr-old director to can travails of Biharis settled outside state |location=Calcutta, India |work=The Telegraph |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002121501/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120827/jsp/bihar/story_15901062.jsp |archivedate=2 October 2013 |accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5400543/?ref_=tt_ov_dr|title=Pawan k Shrivastava|work=IMDb}}</ref> ''Naya Pata'' is a cinema which tries to capture the emotional insight of a person during migration.

Vaartul films and Nayaab Vision Entertainment Private limited has produced ''Naya Pata'' and it was released by PVR Director's Cut on 27 June. According to Shrivastava, "''Naya Pata'' is based on the issue of migration and its pain since last three decades in Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/article/BIH-naya-pata-crowd-funded-hindi-bhojpuri-movie-3963464-NOR.html|title=Naya pata crowd funded hindi bhojpuri movie - www.bhaskar.com|work=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref> It’s a story of the identity lost and found. It’s based on the backdrop of the closure of sugar industry in Bihar during 1985-1990. It also talks about the modern and contemporary Bihar."

Saket Saurabh was the [[cinematographer]].

== Synopsis ==
''Naya Pata'' is a film about the struggle of a man to re-establish his lost identity and loneliness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/agony-of-migrants-identity-loss-captured-in-indie-film_149442.html|title=Agony of migrants identity loss captured in indie film|work=Zee News}}</ref> Instead of emphasizing on migration, the film mainly talks about the intangible things that happen to a person when he migrates from one place to other, such as loneliness, loss of Identity and sense of belongingness. It talks about the intangible consequences of the migration. We{{Who|date=July 2014}} have tried to tell the emotions of a migrated person, through his silence and behavior.

Film opens in 1985–1990, a period when the sugar industry in Bihar was facing a lock-out due to some clashes between labor and trade unions. Many of the sugar factories were locked out and Ram Swarath Dubey, the protagonist of the film who used to work in the mill became jobless. Now he is left with no other option rather than migrating to a new place, i.e., [[New Delhi]]. Finally he comes to Delhi leaving behind her newly married wife. He gets a job in law firm and started working. As he started living in the city the feeling of loneliness was wandering around him. Delhi is a new world to him and in the course of time he finds himself torn between two worlds. Whenever he visits his native place, even there he feels no peace because nothing remains permanent for him. The moment when he is at home, he gets worried about the day he has to leave and when he returns to Delhi, he is again lost in the memories of home. Lost between these two worlds, he spent 25 years of his life in Delhi. He is now feeling that he should return to his village, as his only son become young and married. He was thinking to take care of remaining members of the family as he has lost his wife, father, mother... all one by one, which he could only feel now but can't live it. And finally he comes back to his village after a long period of 30 Years. He comes with a hope that his own people will give him a warm welcome and he will live rest of his life with peace and real identity. But as soon as he comes to his native place, he started facing the issue of identity loss right from the beginning. His identity is lost and now he is neither a village man nor he remains a Delhiite. He tries his best to establish his lost identity. But one day his only son informed him about his plan to migrate Nasik for a job as there is no work or employment left at their residing place. Ram Swarath Dubey was left without any answer, as it reminds him his young age when his father asked him to migrate to Delhi. Again, the situation is same and nothing has still changed.
When his son Jitendar leaves for Nasik, Ram Swarath Dubey finds that his daughter-in-law stuck to the same condition as his wife used to be in, the loneliness. Ram Swarath Dubey meets a girl Sandhya, who is pass-out from a college in Patna and planning to go to Delhi for higher education. Ram Swarath feels that migration is stealing everyone's identity, and in his own village there are many people that have migrated to different states for the search of bread and butter. Ram Swarath Dubey is deeply hurt by seeing this situation. But he doesn't lose his hope and still thinks that one day everything will change and people will return to their native place. He takes a decision to send her daughter-in-law to Nasik along with his son because he doesn't want her to live same life as his wife has lived. Once his son and daughter –in-law left for Nasik, he was again living alone in the village. Now he is feeling the same loneliness again that he was feeling during his long stay in Delhi. But still he has a hope that everything will change and one day his son will return. He is still positive and start believing in government as there is political change in the state. But one night he broke out and became restless where he could see his death and loneliness. He tries his best to find a solution and finally he gets an alternative of his fear and story comes to the climax. The story leaves some questions still unanswered.

== Cast ==
* Abhishek Sharma
* Julie Warsi
* Yashwardhan Singh
* Madhuri
* Shaad Ahmed
* Chandra Nisha

== Production ==
Pawan K Shrivastava sought crowd funding from the people,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/agony-of-migrants-identity-loss-captured-in-indie-film-114011900079_1.html|title=Agony of migrants identity loss captured in indie film|author=Press Trust of India|date=19 January 2014|work=business-standard.com}}</ref> despite being a debutant in the film industry.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sabse-bada-rupaiyya/article3862252.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Esther | last=Elias | title=Sabse bada rupaiyya | date=5 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/young-turk-screen-migration-menace-224954069.html|title=Young Turk to screen migration menace|date=26 August 2012|work=Yahoo News India}}</ref>

Crowd funding helped him raise funds using various social networking sites and personal contacts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/masala-art/crowd-funding-offers-regional-cinema-a-global-platform|title=Crowd funding offers regional cinema a global platform|work=sunday-guardian.com}}</ref> "I would send e-mails about the project to all my contacts and ask each of them to forward it to all theirs. Funds slowly came in and 30 per cent of it from absolute strangers," says Pawan, the director of Naya Pata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehelka.com/fund-me-maybe/|title=Fund Me, Maybe|work=Tehelka.com}}</ref>

Publicity material and poster were designed by painter and visual artist [[Vijendra S Vij]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120827/jsp/bihar/story_15901062.jsp#.Ukc_ldJmhQk | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203185725/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120827/jsp/bihar/story_15901062.jsp#.Ukc_ldJmhQk | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 February 2013 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | first=Amit | last=Bhelari | title=Young Turk to screen migration menace | date=27 August 2012}}</ref>

=== Music ===
The songs of the film are composed by Rupesh Pathak.

== Release ==
{{Update|section|date=August 2014}}''Naya Pata'' was released on 27 June 2014 in 12 major cities of India through [[PVR Director's Rare]]. PVR Directors Rare has chosen to release this feature film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/naya-pata/ET00022187|title=Naya Pata Movie Tickets Online Booking. Reviews & Show Timings|author=BookMyShow|date=26 June 2014|work=BookMyShow}}</ref> The film was released in many cities – Delhi, [[Mumbai]], Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, Patna, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipur, Ahmedabad and Pune.

Naya Pata was screened by Indiearth on 19 November 2014 in Chennai and it was well received by the audience and reviewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pipinghotviews.com/moviereviews/others/naya-pata-bhojpuri-2014/|title=Naya Pata (Bhojpuri ,2014)|work=PipingHotViews}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.facebook.com/NayaPata ''Naya Pata'' on Facebook]
* {{IMDb title|2486100}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIlML38JI-mP7CHXhaZm3zA ''Naya Pata'' on Youtube]
* [https://www.twitter.com/NayaPata ''NayaPata'' on Twitter]

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Crowdfunded films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 independent films]]
[[Category:Indian independent films]]
[[Category:2010s Bhojpuri-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bihar]]

Achari (surname)

2026-03-01T09:51:41Z

Ovfanclub786: small changes

'''Achar, Achari, or Acharya''' is a surname from southern parts of [[India]].<ref name="Ramaswamy2007">The word Achari is a shortened form of the Sanskrit word Acharya. But as Arsha Bharata Shilpi, Arsha + Chari is also a combination of the words Achari {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC&pg=PA107|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8108-5379-9|pages=107–108|access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref> Achar/Achari as a last name is used for girls and Achar/Achari/Achary/Acharya for boys in [[parts of India]]. The surname is a last name used primarily by members of the [[Vishwakarma Brahmin and Iyengar Brahmin]] community native to the [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], and [[Kerala]] and also by other such priestly communities in India.

==See also==
*[[Vishwakarma Brahmin (caste)]]

==References==

=== In-line ===
{{reflist}}

=== Additional ===

* {{cite book |last=jakob|first= Cattiyar visscher|title=LETTERS FROM MALABAR |page=123}}

[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

Exercise Aakraman

2026-02-24T04:43:16Z

Ovfanclub786:

{{Short description|Wargame Exercise of Indian Air Force}}
{{AI-generated|date=February 2026|reason=since v1; note [[WP:AISIGNS]] particularly regarding promotional tone and vocab distribution typical of 2025 LLMs}}
'''Exercise Aakraman''' is a [[military exercise]] conducted by the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) aimed at enhancing the operational readiness and offensive capabilities of its [[combat aircraft]] fleets. The term 'Aakraman' (आक्रमण), which translates to "attack" or "assault" in English, reflects the aggressive nature of the exercise. It focused primarily on offensive operations, including precision strikes, air superiority, and complex tactical missions, while ensuring effective coordination among various branches of the Indian military.<ref name="wion">{{cite news |last1=Sisodia |first1=Srishti |title=Rafales and Su-30s lead Indian Air Force's Exercise 'Aakraman' amid tensions with Pakistan. Aakraman means attack |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/rafales-and-su-30s-lead-indian-air-forces-exercise-aakraman-amid-tensions-with-pakistan-9000497 |work=Wion |date=25 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

It involves the execution of sophisticated aerial missions, such as precision ground attacks, electronic warfare, and counter-air operations, in dynamic and challenging combat environments. These operations are carried out across diverse terrains, including [[plains]], [[deserts]], and [[mountain|mountainous regions]], to mimic the complexities of real-world conflict.<ref name="ITVN">{{cite news |last1=Roushan |first1=Anurag |title=Indian Air Force conducts 'Exercise Aakraman' near LoC amid escalating Indo-Pak tensions post Pahalgam attack |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/indian-air-force-conducts-exercise-aakraman-near-loc-amid-escalating-indo-pak-tensions-post-pahalgam-terror-attack-in-jammu-and-kashmir-2025-04-25-987223 |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=India TV News |date=25 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FP">{{cite news |title=Exercise 'Aakraman': Indian Air Force conducts drills involving Rafales, Su-30s |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/exercise-aakraman-indian-air-force-conducts-drills-involving-rafales-su-30s-13882822.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=Firstpost |date=24 April 2025 |language=en-us}}</ref>

Aakraman ia a critical component of the IAF’s ongoing efforts to modernize its forces, test new systems, and maintain readiness for complex military engagements in both peace and wartime.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhingra |first1=Kriti |title='Aakraman': IAF Carrying Out Major Exercise of Rafale Aircraft |url=https://www.newsx.com/india/aakraman-iaf-carrying-out-major-exercise-of-fighter-fleets-led-by-rafale-combat-aircraft-says-report/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=NewsX World |date=24 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Objective==
Aakramans' core objective is to simulate real combat scenarios, thereby improving the IAF's preparedness for high-intensity warfare situations. It serves as a platform to test the IAF’s ability to conduct complex, multi-domain warfare by integrating air, land, and sea assets in real-time operations. The exercise also underscores the IAF's commitment to modernizing its aviation technology and enhancing its ability to engage in fast-paced, high-stakes combat situations. It emphasized strategic repositioning of assets from various airbases across India, ensuring comprehensive operational maneuvers and inter-theatre mobility.<ref name="wion" /><ref name="TP">{{cite news |last1=Rana |first1=Javaria |title=Amid escalating India-Pakistan tensions over Pahalgam, IAF launches 'Aakraman' exercise |url=https://theprint.in/defence/amid-escalating-india-pakistan-tensions-over-pahalgam-iaf-launches-aakraman-exercise/2603028/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=ThePrint |date=25 April 2025}}</ref>

In addition to air operations, Aakraman incorporated cross-service training with the Indian Army and Navy, ensuring joint operational readiness. These integrated exercises enhanced the IAF’s ability to engage in coordinated, multi-domain operations across diverse military platforms.

==2019==
During the 2019 edition of Aakraman, the IAF showcased the precision strike capabilities of its [[Dassault Mirage 2000]] fighter aircraft. This edition also marked the integration of advanced systems that served as [[force multipliers]], notably the [[S-400 Triumf]] air defense system. The S-400 significantly strengthened India’s air defense network by countering advanced aerial threats, including high-value airborne platforms such as [[Airborne early warning and control|Airborne Early Warning and Control]] (AEW&C) aircraft. This system contributed to a more robust, layered air defense architecture, reinforcing India’s deterrence and defensive posture.<ref name="MC">{{cite news |title=Exercise Aakraman: IAF's Rafales, Su-30s conduct drills for complex attack missions |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/exercise-aakraman-iaf-s-rafales-su-30s-conduct-drills-for-complex-attack-missions-13003587.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=Moneycontrol |date=24 April 2025}}</ref>

==2025==
Aakraman 2025, beginning in late April, is being conducted amidst heightened tensions between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], following a [[2025 Pahalgam attack|terrorist attack in Pahalgam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Amid tensions with Pakistan, what does India's 'Aakraman' exercise indicate? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-air-force-aakraman-military-exercise-meaning-pakistan-pahalgam-terror-attack-2715095-2025-04-25 |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=India Today |date=25 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> However, it is stated as a routine training drill.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Air Force carries out 'Exercise Aakraman' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/indian-air-force-carries-out-exercise-aakraman/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=The Tribune |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |issue=25 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref> This iteration of the exercise is receiving close oversight from the IAF's Air Headquarters, underlining its strategic importance. The exercise involves elite IAF pilots, referred to as "Top Guns," executing advanced combat missions under the supervision of highly qualified instructors.<ref name="FP" /> These drills are designed to simulate high-intensity conflict scenarios, enhancing both offensive and defensive capabilities. This is carried out in the central sector where the IAF is showcasing the strength of its frontline combat fleet, including the [[Dassault Rafale]], [[Sukhoi Su-30MKI]], [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]s, the S-400 air defence system, [[AEW&C]], mid-air refuellers, [[transport aircraft]] and [[Garud Commando Force|Garud commandos]] among others.<ref name="ITVN" /><ref name="TP" /><ref>{{cite news |title=IAF carries out 'Exercise Aakraman' after Navy tests missile from INS Surat - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/iaf-carries-out-exercise-aakraman-after-indian-navy-indian-navy-successfully-tests-missile-ins-surat-pahalgam-terror-attack-19594184.htm |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=CNBCTV18 |date=25 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

The 2025 edition also builds upon the operational successes of the February 2019 air strikes, which were conducted in the aftermath of the [[Pulwama attack]]. These strikes, which involved deep penetration operations targeting terrorist infrastructure across the [[Line of Control]] in Pakistan, marked a significant shift in the IAF's operational capabilities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rafale, Sukhoi Carrying Out Aakraman Exercise: Is India Ready For Attack Against Pakistan? Indian Air Force Says... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/aakraman-is-india-ready-for-attack-against-pakistan-with-rafale-sukhoi-indian-air-force-says-2890749.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=Zee News |language=en}}</ref> Since then, the induction of the Dassault Rafale aircraft has further reinforced the IAF’s combat posture, restoring and enhancing India’s qualitative edge in regional air superiority. The Rafale fleet’s advanced capabilities, including sophisticated avionics, weapon systems, and multi-role versatility, are central to strengthening India's defense capabilities and ensuring a technologically advanced air combat posture.<ref name="N18">{{cite news |title=How Rafale Jets Have Given India A Superior Combat Edge Since 2019 Balakot Strike |url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/how-rafale-jets-give-india-a-superior-combat-edge-since-2019-balakot-strike-9312562.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=News18 |date=25 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[List of exercises of the Indian Air Force]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force]]
[[Category:Military of India]]
[[Category:Indian military exercises]]
[[Category:Military aviation exercises]]

Aiyanar

2026-02-22T17:32:29Z

Ovfanclub786: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Hindu folk deity}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Tardo periodo chola, ayyanar, prov. sconosciuta, 1100-1350 ca.jpg
| caption = [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] statue of Ayyanar
| name = Aiyanar
| script_name =
| script =
| god_of = Guardian deity
| abode =
| mantra =
| weapon = [[Chentu]] (whip), [[sceptre]], [[sword]]
| mount = [[White elephant (animal)|White elephant]], [[horse]], [[bull]]<ref name="pratima">{{cite book | title=Pratima Kosha: A Descriptive Glossary of Indian Iconography | publisher=Prof.S.K.Ramachandra Rao Memorial Trust | author=Rao, S.K.Ramachandra | author-link=Sasta | year=1988 | location=Bangalore | pages=206–210}}</ref>
| consort = Puranai, Puskalai
| deity_of = Guardian deity
| venerated_in =
}}

'''Aiyanar''' ({{IAST3|Aiyaṉār}}, {{langx|ta|ஐயனார்}}) is a [[Village deities of South India|Tamil Hindu folk deity]] venerated in [[South India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. His worship is prevalent amongst rural [[Tamils|Tamil people]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Narayanan|first1=Gita|last2=Thiagarajan|first2=Deborah|title=DakshinaChitra: In southern district thanjavur, place called Sathanur where old temple for ayyanar is in place( Palankulathu ayyanar).A Glimpse of South India|date=2001|publisher=Madras Craft Foundation|pages=40–41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLkYAAAAYAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kulendiren|first1=Pon|title=Hinduism a Scientific Religion: & Some Temples in Sri Lanka|date=2012|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1-4759-3673-5|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1475936753}}</ref><ref name = marg>{{cite book|title=Mãrg, Volume 37, Issues 3-4|publisher=Marg Publications|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K93WAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Some studies suggest that Ayyanar may have also been worshipped in [[Southeast Asia]]n countries in the past.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pal|first1=Pratapaditya|title=American Collectors of Asian Art|journal=Marg Publications|date=1986|volume=37|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kP_pAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> He is primarily worshipped as one of the village deities of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christa Neuenhofer|title=Ayyanar and Mariamman, Folk Deities in South India|date=2012|publisher=Blurb Incorporated.|isbn=978-1-4579-9010-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7OTMoAEACAAJ}}</ref> Temples to Aiyanar in the countryside are usually flanked by gigantic colourful statues of him and his companions riding horses or elephants.<ref>{{Cite journal | title= Horse Shrines in Tamil India: Reflections on Modernity|author= Mark Jarzombek|author-link= Mark Jarzombek| journal= Future Anterior |year= 2009| url= http://web.mit.edu/mmj4/www/downloads/future_ant4_1.pdf | volume=4 | issue=1 | pages=18–36 | doi=10.1353/fta.0.0031|s2cid= 191627473| doi-access= free}}</ref><ref name="dalal">{{cite book|last1=Dalal|first1=Roshen|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=54}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The [[Tamil language|Tamil word]] ''Ayyanār'' is derived from the root word ''Ayya'', a honorific used in a [[Tamil language]] to designate respected one.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Antiquary, Volume 2|date=1873|publisher=Popular Prakashan|page=168|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-_lAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="tamilsinsrilankap374">Indrapala, K., ''The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka C. 300 BCE to C. 1200 CE'', p.#</ref> Some people propose that ''Aryan'' could be the Sanskrit version of Tamil word ''Aiyyan'' which means the same.<ref name=BLSmith6/> There is a well known [[Aryankavu Sastha Temple|temple dedicated to Sastha]] situated in a village of [[Kerala]], called "[[Aryankavu]]".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pathmanathan|first1=S|title=Reflections on a Heritage: Historical Scholarship on Premodern Sri Lanka|date=2000|publisher=Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural and Religious Affairs|location=Sri Lanka|isbn=978-955-613-108-6|page=88|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mA5WAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Another name of Ayyanar, Sastha,<ref name = ame/> meets the same dispute. Although he appears as Sastha in Sanskrit scriptures, ancient Tamil records mention him as ''Chattan'' (சாத்தன், Cāttaṉ).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cutantiran̲|first1=Ā Vēluccāmi|title=Temples of Nannilam Taluk: as iconographical masterpieces Volume 225 of Tamil̲p Palkalaik Kal̲aka veḷiyīṭu|date=2001|publisher=Thanjavur Tamil University|page=205}}</ref>

==Development==
There are very few pieces of evidence to reconstruct the origin and development of Ayyanar. Some researchers assume Chattan could have entered the Tamil country with [[Buddhism]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sadasivan|first1=S. N.|title=A Social History of India|date=2000|publisher=APH|isbn=978-81-7648-170-0|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC}}</ref><ref name = marg/><ref>{{cite book|title=Annals of Oriental Research, Volume 24|date=1972|publisher=University of Madras.|page=380|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79wNAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> The earliest references to Ayyanar were discovered in the [[hero stone]]s of hunting chieftains from [[Arcot, Vellore|Arcot]], [[Tamil Nadu]] dated back to the 3rd century C.E. The phrase in the inscriptions which could be translated into "Ayyanappan; a shrine to Cattan" confirms that Ayyan and Chattan were the names of a single deity.<ref name = ame>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Joanna Gottfried|last2= Hunnington|first2=Susan L.|title=Kalādarśana: American Studies in the Art of India Volume 9 of Studies in South Asian Culture|date=1981|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-06498-0|page=67|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w-_lAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> A rock carving of a man and horse in the [[Isurumuniya]] Buddhist temple of [[Sri Lanka]], is identified with Ayyanar.<ref name = neer>{{cite book|last1=Pestman|first1=P. W.|title=Acta Orientalia Neerlandica: Proceedings of the Congress of the Dutch Oriental Society Held in Leiden on the Occasion of Its 50th Anniversary, 8th-9th May 1970|date=1971|publisher=Brill Archive|page=116|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k84UAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Sinhala Buddhists of Sri Lanka praise him in the form of a folk deity called ''Ayyanayake'' to the date.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Velu Pillai|first1=A.|title=Epigraphical Evidences for Tamil Studies|date=1980|publisher=Ulakat Tamil̲ārāycci Nir̲uvan̲am|page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHoOAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>[[File:Isurumuniya_Man_and_the_Horse_Head.jpg|thumb|150 px|5th century CE [[Isurumuniya]] sculpture often identified with [[Ayyanayake]], [[Sri Lanka]]n Ayyanar.|alt=|left]][[File:Ayyanar with Poorna Pushkala IMG 20170813 170522 1.jpg|thumb|150 px|alt=Ayynar with his consorts Poorna and Pushkala, 7th century.]]

=== Sanskrit Sources ===
Sastha started to appear in Sanskrit sources from the 7th century CE after [[Brahmanda Purana]]. It narrates the history of Hariharasuta, son of [[Visnu|Hari]] and [[Shiva|Hara]], who was born to Shiva during his copulation with [[Mohini]], the feminised form of Vishnu, after the [[Samudra manthan|churning of the milk sea]].<ref name = ame/> [[Agama (Hinduism)|Sivagama]] corpus of southern [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] including ''Pūrva Kāraṇa, Amṣūmatbhēda, Suprabhēda'', also have many references to the iconography of Sastha. Other Hindu Saivite texts viz. ''Ishana Siva Guru Paddhati, Kulala Sastragama and [[Shilparatna]]'' explain his worship and iconography briefly.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

=== Tamil Sources ===
[[File:Ayyanarappan.jpg|thumb]]
According to Fred Clothey, ''Aiyanar'' is a Tamil adaptation of ''Aiyan'', the chief deity of [[Velirs|Ay]] [[Tribal chief|chieftains]] who ruled parts of [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], the then [[Tamilakam]]. He also states that the term ''aayar'' meaning a [[herder|cow herder]] and a protector is an appropriate appellation for both the ''Ay'' chieftains and their [[Kuladevata|clan deity]].<ref name=BLSmith6>Smith, B. L., ''Religion and Legitimacy of power in South Asia'', p.6</ref> Tamil [[Sangam literature]] often mention poets and traders with the name ''Chattan'', who might have revered Sastha as their [[Kuladevata|clan deity]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Venkataramaiah|first1=K. M.|title=A handbook of Tamil Nadu|date=1996|publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics|isbn=978-81-85692-20-3|page=317|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pAMAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>

Tamil epic [[Silappatikaram]], probably dated to the 4th century CE, records the temples and devotees of Cattan.<ref name = ame/> [[Appar]] (7th century CE), [[Saivism|Saivite]] [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] and one of the initiators of the Tamil [[Bhakti movement]], praises [[Shiva]] as the father of Chattan in his [[Tevaram]] ([[Tirumurai]], 4:32:4).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Subramanya Aiyar|first1=V.M.|title=Songs with description of twelve holy composition|url=http://thevaaram.org/en/thirumurai_1/songview.php?thiru=4&Song_idField=40320&padhi=032&startLimit=4&limitPerPage=1&sortBy=&sortOrder=DESC|website=Thevaaram.org|access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref><ref name=Kala62>Williams, J., ''Kaladarsana'', p.62</ref> ''[[Periya Puranam]]'', a Tamil Saivite epic of the 12th century CE tells that Aiyanar at [[Thiruppattur, Tiruchirappalli|Tiruppidavur]] revealed the Tamil song of [[Rajashekhara Varman|Cheraman Perumal]], a Nayanar-cum -[[Chera]] king (800—844 CE) which was composed at [[Madhya Kailash]]. From the Chola period (9th century) onwards the popularity of Aiyanar became even more pronounced and so many bronze images of him are available from this period.<ref name = ame/> Tamil [[Nighantu]]s (proto-glossaries) such as ''Piṅkalantai'' (11th century CE) and ''Cūṭāmaṇi Nighaṇṭu'' (1520 CE) have explicitly recorded the characteristics of Sastha.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

''Kanda purānam'', 14th century Tamil version of [[Skanda Purana]] narrates the history of Aiyanar in {{Transliteration|hi|Maha chattan patalam}} which seconds the story told in Brahmanda purana. Here Ayyan, Kanda puranam tells, sends his chief commander [[Mahakala]] to protect [[Shachi|Indrani]] from the demon [[Śūrapadmā|Surapadman]]. Mahakala chops down the hands of Ajamukhi, sister of Surapadman, who tried to abduct Indrani for her brother.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sivaraman|first1=Dr.Akila|title=sri kandha puranam (english)|date=2006|publisher=GIRI Trading Agency Private|isbn=978-81-7950-397-3|page=175|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXwDdBdMJPwC}}</ref>

== Iconography ==
[[File:Ayyanar on elephant.jpg|thumb|Bronze statue of Ayyanar on an elephant, 16th century CE, Tamil Nadu]]
[[File:Ayyanar idols near Gobichettipalayam.jpg|left|thumb|Ayyanar in wrathful guardian form shares Tantric iconography with [[Bhairava#Iconography|Bhairava]] who safeguards the devotee in eight directions (ettu tikku)<ref>Harper, Katherine Anne, and Brown, Robert L. (Eds) (2002). The Roots of Tantra. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref> as well as with Vajrayana guardian deities like [[Acala]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sahi |first1=Jyoti |title=The child and the serpent: reflections on popular Indian symbols |date=1990 |publisher=Penguin Group |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-14-019081-6 |page=194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VzpeqN8VrkoC&q=The+child+and+the+serpent:+reflections+on+popular+Indian+symbols |access-date= 3 January 2019}}</ref>]]
The famous iconography of Aiyan shows him alone, carrying a [[Chentu]] (செண்டு, crooked stick) in his right hand. Sometimes a whip, stick, sword or scepter can be seen in his hand. While he manifests in a squat position, A meditation band known as Yogapaţţam or Vāgupaţţai will present around his knees and waist.<ref name = Dumont>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mylibrary.britishcouncil.org/knowledge-and-society/religion-in-india |title='A Folk Deity of Tamil Nad' by L. Dumont, in Religion in India ed. T.N. Madan |access-date=2011-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224211847/http://www.mylibrary.britishcouncil.org/knowledge-and-society/religion-in-india |archive-date=2011-02-24 }}</ref> ''Pingalantai Nighantu'', ''Kanda Puranam'' and Chola bronzes describe his mount as a white elephant. The horse is another mount abundantly seen in his local temples. Some texts have mentioned the blue horse and bull as his mount as well.<ref name="pratima"/> After the popularity of the Ayyappan cult, the tiger is also identified as the mount of Sastha.<ref name = tattva>{{cite book|title=Tattvāloka, Volume 16|date=1993|publisher=Sri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Educational Trust|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6H9TAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>

According to ''Cūṭāmaṇi Nighaṇṭu'', Sastha wears black garments and reddish garlands. His body is smeared with yellow paste and he carries a sword in his hand. In ''Kārana Agama'', he sits on a throne with his right leg folded while his left leg is hanging down. He is usually depicted having blue or black complexion. Although his two armed form is common, some texts describe his forms with four or eight arms. ''Amsumadbheda Agama'' describes his four arms carrying [[Abhayamudra|Abhaya]], [[Varadamudra|Varada]], sword and shield. In ''Ishana Siva Guru Paddhati,'' he is visualized as carrying an arrow, bow, knife and sword.<ref name="pratima"/>

Other records on Ayyanar tell that he is accompanied by his two wives popularly known as Purana and Pushkala.<ref name = ame/> Purna (on his right) is dark complexioned and carries Varamudra in her right hand and blue lotus in the left. Pushkala (on his left) is yellow complexioned and holds a noose in her right hand. ''[[Shilparatna]]'' describes him with only one wife called Prabha and their eight years old lad known as Satyakan<ref name = tattva/>

Folklore regards Aiyan as the guardian of the villages, riding on either an elephant or horse. He carries a bow and arrow to save his devotees. [[Pavadairayan]], [[Karuppu Sami|Karuppasamy]] are his attendants. Aiyanar images installed in villages are usually gigantic and they are identical with the [[Bhoot (ghost)|Bhuta]] like iconography of Sastha given in ''Subrabheda Agama''.<ref name="pratima"/> In rural areas, Aiyanar is often represented with an escort, usually composed of the god's vassals, sometimes comprising demons. Consistent with this practice, [[terracotta]] horses are usually placed outside the temple. These are given up to the god as steeds for his night time perambulations.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

== Connections with Ayyappan ==
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Aiyanar, South India, c. 14th century AD, bronze - Matsuoka Museum of Art - Tokyo, Japan - DSC07172.JPG
| width1 = 150
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| image2 = Ayyapan(1).jpg
| width2 = 150
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| footer = A 14th century Ayyanar sculpture (left) and depiction of Ayyappan at [[Sabarimala]] sanctum (right). Compare the meditation band ''Yogapattam'' around the knees of both deities.
}}
{{Main|Ayyappan}}

A deity named "Ayyappan" is not recorded in any early Tamil/Sanskrit sources though the name ''Ayyappan'' appears as synonymous with (Vediya) Sastha in [[Tiruvalla copper plates]] of the 12th century CE and Kanyakumari Guhanathaswami Kovil Inscription.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NsPMtQ3UdmYC | title=Travancore Inscription: A Topographical List |location=New Delhi |publisher=Asian Educational Services | author=Poduval, R. Vasudeva | year=1990 | page=76| isbn=978-81-206-0555-8 }}</ref> Neither Ayyappa nor [[Sabarimala Temple|Sabarimala]] is known as a pilgrim spot in the Tamil region before the 1940s.<ref>Kajaerholm (1984), p.3</ref> According to researchers Eliza Kent, Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai, the legends in the Ayyappa tradition seem to be "artificially mixed and assembled into a kind of collage"<ref name=kent83>{{cite book|author=Eliza Kent|title=Lines in Water: Religious Boundaries in South Asia|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=iYOiAgAAQBAJ |year=2013| publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn= 978-0-8156-5225-0|pages=80–83}}</ref> and "he should have emerged from a [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] god of tribal provenance".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbvIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA94|page=94|title=Same-Sex Love in India: Readings in Indian Literature|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|author1=Ruth Vanita|author-link=Ruth Vanita|author2=Saleem Kidwai|author2-link=Saleem Kidwai|year=2000|isbn=1-137-05480-8}}</ref>

It has been claimed that the above mentioned Dravidian tribal god is none other than Ayyanar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pillai |first=V. Narayana |date=1939 |title=Śāsta Cult in Travancore. Is It a Relic of Buddhism ? |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=3 |pages=230–240 |jstor=44252378 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref name="dalal"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kent|first1=Eliza F.|title=Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India|date=2013|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-989546-5|pages=79–119|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0199895465}}</ref> Sabarimala Sthala Puranam, a recent purana, says that [[Ayyappan]] is the [[avatar]] of Ayyanar;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Devdutt Pattanaik|title=The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine|date=2000|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-59477-537-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVsoDwAAQBAJ}}</ref> the name Ayyappan has been described as a combination of Ayyan (Ayyanar) + Appan (father).<ref>{{cite book|author=Mikhail Sergeevich Andronov|title=A Grammar of the Malayalam Language in Historical Treatment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H422cDV5qX4C&pg=PA49|year=1996|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-03811-9|page=49}}</ref><ref name=bronkhorst>{{cite book|author1=Johannes Bronkhorst|author2=Madhav Deshpande|title=Aryan and non-Aryan in South Asia: evidence, interpretation, and ideology; proceedings of the International Seminar on Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EOdtAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Harvard University, Dept. of Sanskrit and Indian Studies|isbn=978-1-888789-04-1|pages=177–178}}</ref> Yogapatta bar around the knees of Ayyappan is the distinct character that can be seen in the Ayyanar statues of the Chola period. The horse mount of Aiyanar is still visible in the flag staff of [[Sabarimala]] [[Ayyappan]] temple.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} The synonym Sastha of Ayyappan is obviously the same as that of Ayyanar.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Miller|first1=Roland E.|title=Mappila Muslims of Kerala: A Study in Islamic Trends|date=1976|publisher=Orient Longman|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4QeAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dubey|first1=D. P.|title=Pilgrimage Studies: The Power of Sacred Places Issue 5 of Pilgrimage studies|date=2000|publisher=Society of Pilgrimage Studies|isbn=978-81-900520-3-0|page=63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywAQAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Another important association is the presence of [[Karuppa samy]] in the worship of both deities.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}

Legend suggests that the idol of Sabarimala Ayyappan was consecrated by [[Parashurama]]. However, the Sanskrit inscription in the old bronze idol revealed that it was crafted in [[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]] 1085 (1910 CE) by an artisan named Prabhakar Acharya.<ref name="pratima"/> Tamil devotees did not discriminate Ayyappan with Ayyanar and they believe that Ayyappan is the avatar of Ayyanar.<ref name = marg/> It can be noted that Sri Lankan Ayyanar temples are being converted into Ayyappan temples following the outbreak of Sabarimala pilgrimage of Sri Lankan devotees in recent years.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shutharsan|first1=S.|title=Arikaraputtira aiyaṉār (Tamil)|url=http://www.ourjaffna.com/temples/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0-%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D|website=Ourjaffna.com|publisher=Analaikkumaran|access-date=3 December 2017|archive-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114549/http://www.ourjaffna.com/temples/%e0%ae%85%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%aa%e0%af%81%e0%ae%a4%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b0-%e0%ae%90%e0%ae%af%e0%ae%a9%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%8d}}</ref>

== Worship ==
Many temples are dedicated to Ayyanar can be seen all over South India as well as Sri Lanka. Almost all villages of Tamil Nadu would have an Aiyanar kovil. Ayyanar shrines are usually located at the peripheries or boundaries of rural villages and the deity is seen riding a horse with a sword or whip. Ayyanar has both types of temples - temples constructed in [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamic]] style and non-Agamic open air shrines. Ayyanar in Agamic temple is usually called Sastha or Dharma sastha.<ref name = neer/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sivkishen|title=Kingdom of Shiva|date=2015|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-288-3028-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kmVZBgAAQBAJ}}</ref> Kerala retains its Ayyanar temples as Sastha temples.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=A. Sreedhara|title=Cultural Heritage of Kerala: An Introduction|date=1978|publisher=East-West Publications|pages=17–28}}</ref> The attendant priest for Aiyanar is generally from the potter caste who fashions idols and clay horses, although it is not uncommon for priests from other castes to officiate in the Ayyanar temples.<ref name = Dumont/><ref name=Narasimhachary>Mudumby Narasimhachary (Ed) (1976). Āgamaprāmāṇya of Yāmunācārya, Issue 160 of Gaekwad's Oriental Series. Oriental Institute, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | title= Horse Shrines in Tamil India: Reflections on Modernity|author= Mark Jarzombek|author-link= Mark Jarzombek| journal= Future Anterior |year= 2009| url= http://web.mit.edu/mmj4/www/downloads/future_ant4_1.pdf | volume=4 | issue=1 | pages=18–36 | doi=10.1353/fta.0.0031|s2cid= 191627473| doi-access= free}}</ref> Many castes of Tamil Nadu worship Ayyanar as their [[Kuladevata|Kula deivam]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Image gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Ayyannar Temple Horse.jpg|Front view of an Ayyanar Kovil, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu.
File:Aiyanar 2 épouses 01397.JPG|Ayyanar and his two consorts, 15–17th century CE, [[Musée des beaux-arts et d'archéologie de Châlons-en-Champagne|Châlons-en-Champagne French Museum]]
File:Ayyanar idols near Gobichettipalayam.jpg|Ayyanar sculptures at [[Gopichettipalayam]]
File:Madurai si0704.jpg|Ayyanar on horse, Madurai
File:Mampatti Sri Kadukavalar Temple.jpg|White elephant mount at Agamic Ayyanar temple, Mampatti
File:Kattuvalli ayya view.JPG|Kattuvalli Ayyan Kovil, Kerala
File:Ayyannar Car.jpg|Ayyannar Car festival, [[Thungapuram]]
File:Kurukkalmadam Ayyanar.jpg|A name board of an Ayyanar Kovil at [[Kurukkalmadam]], [[Batticaloa district|Batticaloa]]
File:SRI AYYANAR TEMPLE COIMBATORE.png|Ayyanar with his consort ( digital image)
File:17th Century Aiyyanar Bronze.jpg|Ayyanar 17thcentury Bronze Statue
File:Ayyanar on elephant.jpg|17 th century Ayyanar statue seated on elephant
File:ஶீ இடை வீட்டு அய்யனார் கோவில் .jpg|Ayyanar statue
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Ayyappan]]
* [[Karuppu Sami]]
* [[Village deities of South India]]
* [[Shasta (deity)]]
* [[Ayyanayake]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite journal|last=Kajaerholm |first=Lars |title=Aiyanar and Aiyappan in Tamil Nadu: Change and Continuity in South Indian Hinduism |journal=Folk. Dansk Ethnografisk Tidsskrift Kobenhavn |volume=26 |pages=67–92 |year=1984 |url=https://www.hindu.dk/1d/ar/Ai-Ai1200.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192826/http://www.hindu.dk/1d/ar/Ai-Ai1200.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}
* {{cite journal | last = Valk | first = Ulo | title = Village deities in Tamil Nadu:Myth and legends|journal = Asian Folklore Studies | volume = 66 | pages = 179–199 | year = 2007}}
* {{cite book | last = Smith | first = B. L. | title = Religion and the Legitimation of Power in South Asia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=x2Jzn_LuLasC&q=Aiyanar+and+Aiyappan&pg=PA1 | publisher = [[Brill Academic Publishers]]| year = 1978 | isbn =90-04-05674-2}}
* [[Mark Jarzombek]], [http://web.mit.edu/mmj4/www/downloads/future_ant4_1.pdf "Horse Shrines in Tamil India: Reflections on Modernity"], Future Anterior, (4/1), pp 18–36.
* {{cite book | last = Bayly | first = Susan | title = Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society, 1700-1900 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=siLzp_4Dwb4C&q=Aiyanar+and+Aiyappan&pg=PA31 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-521-89103-5 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite book | last = Clothey | first = Fred | title = Many Faces of Murakan: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0AevljBmCRQC&q=Aiyanar+and+Aiyappan&pg=PA201 | publisher = Walter De Gruyter Inc | year = 1978 | isbn =90-279-7632-5}}
* {{cite book | last = Karthigesu | first = Sivathamby | title = Sri Lankan Tamil society and politics | url = http://www.tamilnation.org/heritage/sivathamby.pdf | publisher = New Century Book House | year = 1995 | isbn =81-234-0395-X}}
* {{cite book | last = Morris | first = Brian | title = Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&q=Aiyanar+and+Aiyappan&pg=PA128 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]| year = 2005 | isbn =0-521-85241-2}}
* {{cite book | last = Bastin | first = Rohan | title = The Domain of Constant Excess: Plural Worship at the Munnesvaram Temples in Sri Lanka | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SMRJDhDxu38C&q=Aiyanar&pg=PA152 | publisher = [[Berghahn Books]]| year = 2002 | isbn =1-57181-252-0}}
* {{cite book | last = Williams | first = Joanna| title = Kaladarsana: American studies in the art of India | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-qoeAAAAIAAJ&q=Aiyanar+Hero+stones&pg=RA2-PA67| publisher = [[E.J. Brill]]| year = 1981 | isbn =90-04-06498-2 }}
*{{cite journal | last = Roberts | first = Michael | title = Tamil Tigers: Sacrificial symbolism and 'dead body politics' | journal = Anthropology Today | volume = 24 | pages = 22–23 | year = 2008 | issue = 3 | url=http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2008/09/tamil-tigers-sacrificial-symbolism-dead.html | doi=10.1111/j.1467-8322.2008.00587.x| url-access = subscription}}
* {{cite book | title=The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils in Sri Lanka C. 300 BCE to C. 1200 CE| last=Indrapala| first=K.| page=374| year=2007| publisher=Vijitha Yapa| isbn=978-955-1266-72-1}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001061741/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/11/05/stories/2006110500260200.htm A write-up on Ayyanar worship and the clay idol tradition]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928013626/http://www.passionfruitcoaching.com/ayyanar_sculpture.htm Ayyanar Folk Sculpture]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930225101/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/10/07/stories/2006100700390400.htm Divine Guardians scaring away evil spirits]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030328121034/http://www.hindu.dk/1d/ar/Ai-Ai1200.pdf Aiyanar to Ayappa (PDF)]

{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Regional Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Tamil deities]]
[[Category:Children of Shiva]]

2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election

2026-02-11T19:46:35Z

Ovfanclub786: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{Short description|Election for the 14th Gujarat Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = legislative
| vote_type = Popular
| ongoing = no
| party_colour =
| party_name =
| alliance_name =
| previous_election = 2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 2012
| outgoing_members =
| election_date = 9 and 14 December 2017
| elected_members =
| next_election = 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2022
| seats_for_election = All 182 seats in the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 92
| opinion_polls =
| turnout = 69.01% ({{decrease}}3.01 [[percentage point|pp]])
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Vijay Rupani.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=08}}
| leader1 = [[Vijay Rupani]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader_since1 = 2016
| leaders_seat1 = [[Rajkot West Assembly constituency|Rajkot West]]
| last_election1 = 115
| seats_before1 = 115
| seats_needed1 = 92
| seats1 = '''99'''
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 16
| popular_vote1 = '''14,724,427'''
| percentage1 = '''49.05%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}}1.15 [[percentage point|pp]]
| map_image = 2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election Results Map.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Seatwise Election Result Map
| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Vijay Rupani]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| posttitle = [[List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister]]
| after_election = [[Vijay Rupani]]
| after_party = [[BJP]]
| previous_mps =
| elected_mps =
| next_mps =
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Minister of State for Railways, Shri Bharatsinh Solanki addressing at the 57th Railway Week National Function-2012, in New Delhi on April 16, 2012.jpg|The Minister of State for Railways, Shri Bharatsinh Solanki addressing at the 57th Railway Week National Function-2012, in New Delhi on 16 April 2012|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader2 = [[Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki|Bharatsinh Solanki]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leader_since2 = 2015
| leaders_seat2 = ''Did not contest''
| last_election2 = 61
| seats_before2 = 61
| seats_needed2 = 97
| seats2 = 77
| 1blank = Alliance seats
| 1data1 = '''99'''
| 1data2 = 80
| 2blank = Seat change
| 2data1 = {{decrease}} 16
| 2data2 = {{increase}} 17
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 16
| popular_vote2 = 12,438,937
| percentage2 = 41.44%
| swing2 = {{increase}}2.57 [[percentage point|pp]]
| map2_image = Gujarat Legislative Assembly 2017.svg
| map2_caption = Structure of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] after the election
}}

The '''14th Gujarat Legislative Assembly election, 2017''' was held on 9 December 2017 and 14 December 2017 in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Gujarat]] to elect the [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Members of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA). The votes were counted on 18 December. All 182 members of the [[14th Gujarat Assembly|14th Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] were elected with the leader of the largest [[party]] or [[coalition]] expected to become the next [[Chief Minister of Gujarat|chief minister]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Assembly elections on Dec 9, 14|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/gujarat-assembly-elections-on-dec-9-14/article9922801.ece|access-date=25 October 2017|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=25 October 2017}}</ref>

The incumbent [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] obtained a simple majority with an increase in the vote share. Despite suffering a decrease in the number of seats, the incumbent government retained a simple majority in the house. The vote share and number of seats for Congress increased from the previous election in 2012. This was the highest number of seats won by the Congress in the last 32 years (after the [[1985 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|1985 election]], in which Congress won 149 seats). The next election was held in December [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]].
[[File:Gujarat in India.svg|thumb|200px|[[Gujarat]] in India]]

== Background ==
Gujarat, like the other states of India, follows [[parliamentary system]] of government. The government is responsible for the [[National Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] and stays in power only if it has the support of a majority of its members. Elections take place on a [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] basis: the candidate with the most votes wins the seat regardless of an absolute majority. Every citizen of the state who is 18 and above is eligible to vote. The respective [[Governor (India)|governors]] of the state then invite the leader of the largest party or coalition to form the government. The [[Constitution of India]] states that the term of Legislative Assemblies is five years. As is common in most other first-past-the-post electoral systems, the state's politics are dominated by two parties – the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The term of the prior Gujarat Legislative Assembly ended on 22 January 2018. The [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|previous assembly election]], held in 2012, resulted in BJP gaining a majority of seats and [[Narendra Modi]] becoming the chief minister. After the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 General Elections]], Modi became the [[prime minister]] of the country and [[Anandiben Patel]] was appointed the chief minister of Gujarat. After the [[Patidar reservation agitation|Patidar agitations]], [[2016 Una flogging incident|Dalit protests]] and claims of poor governance, she was replaced by [[Vijay Rupani]] as the chief minister by the party.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

===Electoral process changes===
{{Main|Elections in Gujarat}}
[[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]]-fitted EVMs were used in the entire Gujarat state at 50,128 polling stations in the 2017 elections, which was the first time that the entire state saw the implementation of VVPAT.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explained-what-is-vvpat/articleshow/61295974.cms|title=Explained: What is VVPAT}}</ref> VVPAT slips were counted in a polling station in each of Gujarat's 182 constituencies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-a-first-ec-to-hold-mandatory-vvpat-count-at-one-polling-station-of-each-constituency/articleshow/62115773.cms|title=In a first, EC to hold mandatory VVPAT count at one polling station of each constituency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=VVPAT slips to be cross-matched with EVM count, says Una DC|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachal/vvpat-slips-to-be-cross-matched-with-evm-count-says-una-dc-514818|access-date=2021-03-03|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> There were 43.3 million registered voters in Gujarat as of 25 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-10-10|title=Gujarat elections will be held in December, EVM VVPATs to be used: EC|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/gujarat-elections-will-be-held-in-december-evm-vvpats-to-be-used-ec-117101000969_1.html|access-date=2021-03-03}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |
|-
! Group of voters !! Voters population
|-
| Male || 2,25,57,032
|-
| Female || 2,07,57,032
|-
| Third gender || 169
|-
| Total voters || 4,33,14,233
|-
|Polling booths
|50,128
|-
|Voters per booth
|864
|}

===Demographics===
{{Main|Gujarati people}}
[[Other Backward Castes]], excluding Muslim OBCs, comprised 48% of the total population of Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/gujarat-assembly-election-obcs-can-sway-poll-outcome-123022-2012-11-30|title=Gujarat Assembly election: OBCs, intermediate castes can sway poll outcome in 70 seats}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-2017/obcs-could-be-kingmakers-in-gujarat/article21261025.ece|title=OBCs to play kingmaker in battle for Gujarat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/h7gz69AtuBRFpKc6XKsSwK/Gujarat-elections-New-caste-equations-emerging-as-Congress.html|title=New caste equations taking shape before Gujarat elections}}</ref> 147 communities were considered to be OBCs at the time of the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/caste-equations-will-congress-best-laid-plans-work-out-in-north-gujarat/story-gYTeIeponSqRrRjKdiXOSL.html|title=Caste equations: Will Congress' best-laid plans work out in north Gujarat?}}</ref> Scheduled tribes (primarily [[Adivasis]]) comprised 15.5% of the population, while scheduled castes ([[Dalits]]) totalled 7%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/856382/in-gujarats-adivasi-belt-bjp-has-to-contend-with-bhilistan-separatists-boycotts-and-big-people|title=In Gujarat's Adivasi belt, BJP has to contend with Bhilistan separatists, boycotts and 'big people'}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/812531/the-dalit-agitation-may-not-harm-the-bjp-in-poll-bound-gujarat-but-punjab-and-up-are-another-story|title=The Dalit agitation may not harm the BJP in poll-bound Gujarat. But Punjab and UP are another story}}</ref> Muslims of various castes constituted 9.7% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gujarats-muslims-out-of-poll-picture-in-elections-2017/articleshow/61941519.cms|title=Gujarat's Muslims out of poll picture in elections 2017}}</ref> [[Forward castes]] and others made up the remainder.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 75%;font-size: 95%;align:center;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Castes of Gujarat
|-
! Caste || Population (%) ||Notes
|-
| [[Other Backward Class|OBC]]
|| 48%
|| [[Koli people|Koli]] + [[Thakor]] - 44%, other OBCs (like [[Ahir]], [[Bharwad]] etc.) - 56%
|-
| [[Adivasi]]s (STs)
|| 14.75%
|| [[Bhil]] - 46%, [[Halpati]] - 8%, [[Dhodia]] - 7.9%, [[Rathwa]] - 7.2%, [[Naikda]] - 5.3%, [[Gamit]] - 4.7%, [[Kokni, Kokna, Kukna Tribe|Kokna]] - 4.4%, Chaudhri - 3.8%, [[Warli]] - 3.4%, [[Dhanka]] - 3.4%, [[Pateliya]] - 1.5%, Koli (tribal) - 1.3%
|-
| [[Patidar]]
||11%
| 80% - [[Leva Patel|Leuva]] and [[Kadava Patidar|Kadva]], others (Anjana and Matiya) have OBC status - 20%
|-
| [[Kshatriya]]s
|| 5%
|
|-
| [[Muslims]]
|| 9%
| includes Muslim OBCs
|-
| [[Dalit]]s (SCs)
|| 7%
|
|-
| Others
|| 5.25%
||includes [[Brahmins]], [[Lohana]], [[Bania (caste)]], [[Christians]], [[Parsis]], [[Jains]], etc.
|}

== Campaigns ==
===Bhartiya Janata Party===
Jaitley said continuous growth, unity and concern for every section are main ingredients of BJP manifesto. He said social polarization path attempted by Congress will harm the State like what happened in the decade of 1980s.Jaitley said Congress had mentioned some programmes that are already implemented by BJP government. The government is already giving minimum support price for ground nut, delivering crop insurance, assistance for check dam and drip irrigation, loan under Mudra schemes<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-08 |title=Gujarat BJP launches its manifesto for assembly elections 2017 |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2017/12/08/gujarat-bjp-launches-its-manifesto-for-assembly-elections-2017/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Election Result 2017: Top 10 Allegations And Controversies During Poll Campaign |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-assembly-election-result-2017-top-10-allegations-and-controversies-during-the-campaign-1788908 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

Prime Minister Narendra Modi had addressed 34 public rallies in his home state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-13 |title=Gujarat Assembly elections: 34 rallies by PM Modi, 30 by Rahul Gandhi plus his 12 temple visits |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-elections-34-rallies-by-pm-modi-30-by-rahul-gandhi-plus-his-12-temple-visits-4980193/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

====Manifesto====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Day Ahead Of Voting In Gujarat, BJP Releases Manifesto |url=https://www.bqprime.com/gujarat-2017/day-ahead-of-voting-in-gujarat-bjp-releases-manifesto |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=BQ Prime |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Day before Gujarat votes, BJP finally releases manifesto, says Congress making tall election promises |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/story/day-before-gujarat-votes-bjp-finally-releases-manifesto-1103074-2017-12-08 |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-09 |title=Gujarat elections 2017: BJP manifesto promises loans, funds for farmers, Kolis, Thakors |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-elections-2017-bjp-manifesto-promises-loans-funds-for-farmers-kolis-thakors-4974569/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

'''Agri Proposals''':
* Continue with the current policies for improving farm income
* To continue with Cooperative milk societies and animal welfare
* Effective implementation of law against cow slaughter

'''Youth Proposals:'''
* To open up more industrial cluster to increase Employment
* To encourage start-ups through skill development and Economic support
* Labour & remuneration policies to reflect current needs
* Along with govt policies to have results oriented employment policies
* To establish Gujarat Olympic Mission
* To create modern sports facilities and provide economic support for sports persons
* To encourage traditional sports

'''For Women:'''
* To set up a fund for women empowerment schemes
* Free higher education for women
* Healthcare facilities for women
* New women oriented policies
* To increase widow pension from time to time

'''Education Policy:'''
* To expand policies for welfare of girl child and schooling
* To expand foundational education
* To include new technological innovations in educations
* More importance to vocational education
* To better implement fee control in Private schools
* To create world class universities in the state

'''Healthcare:'''
* To provide better facilities for treatment of grave illnesses in district hospitals
* To increase availability of generic and affordable medicines
* To set up mobile clinics and 252 government diagnostic laboratories
* To free Gujarat of vector-borne diseases by 2022

'''Village Development''':
* Cement houses for poor families
* All houses to have plumbing and toilet facilities
* To bring in waste disposal units
* Better transportation and connectivity for rural areas

'''Urban Development''':
* Timely implementation of [[smart city]] projects
* Effective and smart traffic management systems
* Surat and Vadodhara to have metro train services
* Pipe gas connections in all houses
* AC- Bus services in major cities
* Playground facilities for children in all sectors
* Multi-level parking facilities
* Control on unlawful occupation of land

'''Industrial Policies:'''
* Policy based industrial growth
* Encouragement to Employment oriented industries
* Regulated policy for industries
* New policy for Semi-conductor and Telecommunications industries
* Government to collaborate with GIDC for global competitive industrial policies
* Better interest rates for SME lending
* To create help centres for entrepreneurs
* To ease licensing policy for Small traders via online
* Accounting services to be provided at affordable rates
* Considerable improvement in policies for co-operative societies
* Revival of closed co-operative units

'''Tribal Welfare:'''
* Effective implementation of tribal protection laws
* To create Tribal Development Board at district level
* To create registered Tribal committees
* To provide irrigation facilities in 4 lakh hectares of land in North-east tribal areas
* Special policies for Agariya communities
* Better implementation of PESA Act
* To provide land owner ship for all Tribals
* To set-up International levels tribal universities

'''OBC Welfare:'''
* To provide economic support for those in generational family businesses
* To double the grant for Thakore and Koli development corporation
* Expansion of Self-employment schemes

'''SC and ST Welfare:'''
* To create a committee for their betterment
* Easing of processes for obtaining caste certificate and BPL card
* Cement houses for everybody
* Better opportunity for education, healthcare and employment
* Creation of hawking zones for hawkers

'''Dalit Welfare:'''
* Effective protection of Dalits
* Economic support through Dr BhimRao Ambedkar Education fund
* Increase in schools
* Financial support for Dalit workers

'''Poor Labourers and Workers:'''
* 100% coverage under Suraksha Bhima Yojana
* Cement Houses for all
* Affordable healthcare
* Affordable food policies to be expanded in cities

'''Financially Backward Communities:'''
* To fund secondary and high education of students
* Financial security through Jan Dhan and PM Suraksha Bima Yojana
* New policies for holistic development of poor
* Better opportunities for employment

'''Ports''':
* Develop ports and better marine traffic routes
* To expand RORO ferry services
* To provide financial support to communities dependent on sea
* To give financial support for Modern equipment
* To create Marine product laboratory for improvement of manufacturing

'''Transparent and Better Governance:'''
* Administrative public outreach programme
* Karm-yogi Abhiyaan for Government employees
* Online services for registration and tax payment
* Forceful implementation of Anti-liquor policies

'''Tourism''':
* To create Sardar Patel Statue at Karmsad
* New tourism circuits
* To create yoga and medication centre in Saurashtra in association with Somnath University
* To promote Handicraft festivals
* To create memorials for great Gujarati personalities
* Better facilities for Pilgrims

'''Cultural Policies''':
* To promote language, literature and dance forms
* To promote ras-garba and traditional art forms
* To encourage music along with literature and language
* To create and expand Art festivals
* To reserve position in Girnar authority Board for saints
* To support for religious festivals like Maha Shivratri & Lili Parikarma

'''Senior Citizens:'''
* Timely increase in old-age pension
* To provide government services at home
* Expand the Shravan tirth policy

'''For NRI Gujarati''':
* Gujarat tour services for NRIs
* To immediately resolve issues of NRIs
* To promote Gujarati cultural activities outside India

===Indian National Congress===

====Manifesto====
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gujarat Elections 2017: Congress Manifesto to beat Modi's BJP - Congress Manifesto |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gujarat-elections-2017-congress-manifesto-to-beat-modis-bjp/congress-manifesto/slideshow/61975509.cms |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

'''Woman and Healthcare:'''
* Housing for women of all communities
* Free education for girls from primary to higher education
* Loans for women to start small businesses
* Universal healthcare card

'''Farmers''':
* Loan waiver
* Free water
* 16-hour daytime power
* Effective crop insurance

'''Rural and Housing:'''
* Each village to have sanitation and drinking water
* 25 Lakh houses in 5 years in urban and rural areas

'''Business, Law & Order:'''
* Ending of Gundaraj in Gujarat
* Establishing fast-track courts for serious crimes
* HC bench in Surat, Rajkot

'''cost of living and inflation:'''
* Petrol, diesel cheaper by Rs 10
* 50% reduction in property tax for small shopkeepers
* Up to 50% reduction in electricity rates

'''For youth & students:'''
* Unemployment allowance of up to Rs 4,000 to youth
* Rs 32,000 cr fund for employment to 25 lakh youth
* Withdrawal of contractual outsourcing and filling of government vacancies
* Scholarship for poor and middle-class families
* Conversion of all self-financed courses into govt-aid courses to reduce fee burden
* Free laptops and phones to college students

==Polls==
===Opinion polls===
[[File:Gujarat election schedule, 2017.png|thumb|400px|Election schedule]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"
|-
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" | Polling firm/Commissioner
! class="wikitable" rowspan="2" | Date published
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="background:gray;"|
|-
! class="wikitable"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! class="wikitable"| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! class="wikitable"| Others
|-
| [[ABP News]] (Lokniti CSDS)<ref>{{cite news|title=ABP News Opinion Poll: BJP set to sweep Gujarat|url=http://www.abplive.in/videos/abpnews-lokniticsds-survey-bjp-set-to-sweep-gujarat-vijay-rupani-first-choice-for-cm-574145|access-date=26 September 2017|work=ABP Live|date=31 Aug 2017|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112012925/http://www.abplive.in/videos/abpnews-lokniticsds-survey-bjp-set-to-sweep-gujarat-vijay-rupani-first-choice-for-cm-574145|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 31 August 2017
| 59% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=144–152}}
| 29% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=26-32}}
| 12% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|-
|India-Today (Axis)<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Opinion Poll: Pride for Gujarati PM biggest challenge for Congress alliance|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/opinion-poll-gujarat-rupani-bjp-axis-my-india-2018-assembly-1070392-2017-10-24|access-date=24 October 2017|work=ABP Live|date=24 Oct 2017}}</ref>
|24 October 2017
|48% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=120-135}}
|38% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=55-70}}
|14% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0-3}}
|-
|Times Now ([http://www.votersmood.com/ VMR])<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Assembly elections 2017: Times Now-VMR opinion survey gives BJP the upper hand|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/india-upfront/video/gujarat-assembly-elections-2017-times-now-vmr-survey-opinion-poll-bjp-congress-narendra-modi/112980|access-date=25 October 2017|work=Times Now|date=25 Oct 2017}}</ref>
|25 October 2017
|52% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=118-134}}
|37% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=49-61}}
|11% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0-2}}
|-
|ABP News (Lokniti CSDS)<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Opinion Poll: BJP set to retain its saffron fortress, Congress improves vote share|url=http://www.abplive.in/india-news/gujarat-opinion-poll-abp-news-opinion-poll-gujarat-election-assembly-election-2017-601441?rs_type=internal&rs_origin=section&rs_medium=article&rs_index=1|access-date=9 November 2017|work=ABPLive|date=9 Nov 2017}}</ref>
|9 November 2017
|47% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=113-121}}
|41% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=58-64}}
|12% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1-7}}
|-
|ABP News (Lokniti CSDS)<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Opinion Poll: BJP set to retain its saffron fortress, Congress improves vote share|url=http://www.abplive.in/videos/gujarat-final-poll-csds-opinion-poll-says-bjp-likely-to-get-majority-with-91-99-and-congress-78-86-612625?rs_type=internal&rs_origin=section&rs_medium=article&rs_index=1|access-date=4 December 2017|work=ABPLive|date=4 Dec 2017}}</ref>
|4 December 2017
|43% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=91-99}}
|43% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=78-86}}
|14% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3-7}}
|-
|Times Now ([http://www.votersmood.com/ VMR])<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat Assembly Elections 2017: Times Now-VMR opinion survey predicts BJP victory|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/video/gujarat-assembly-elections-2017-times-now-vmr-opinion-survey-narendra-modi-rahul-gandhi-indian-national-congress-bharatiya-janata-party/141131|access-date=6 December 2017|work=Times Now|date=6 Dec 2017}}</ref>
|6 December 2017
|45% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=106-116}}
|40% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=63-73}}
|15% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2-4}}
|}

===Exit polls===
Exit polls were released on the evening of 14 December.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" class="wikitable" | Polling firm/Commissioner
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| style="background:gray;" |
|-
! class="wikitable" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! class="wikitable" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! class="wikitable" | Others
|-
| [[ABP News]] (Lokniti CSDS)<ref name="BS">{{cite news|title=Exit polls predict BJP victory in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/exit-polls-predict-bjp-victory-in-gujarat-and-himachal-pradesh-117121500031_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref>
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 49% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=117}}
| 41% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=64}}
| 9% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=1}}
|-
| TV9 CVoter<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 52% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=109}}
| 39% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=74}}
| 9.3% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|-
| Axis-India Today<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 47% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=99-113}}
| 42% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=68-82}}
| 11% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=–}}
|-
| VMR-Times Now<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 48% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=108-118}}
| 41% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=61-71}}
| 11% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0-3}}
|-
| Republic-JanKiBaat<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | – {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=115-130}}
| – {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=50-65}}
| – {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0-2}}
|-
| VDP Associates<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 48% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=142}}
| 40% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=37}}
| 12% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=3}}
|-
| CNX Samay<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 48% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=110-120}}
| 39% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=65-75}}
| 13% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=2-4}}
|-
| Today's Chanakya<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 49% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=135}}
| 38% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=47}}
| 13% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=–}}
|-
| Nirmana TV (Gujarati)<ref name="BS" />
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | – {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=104}}
| – {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=74}}
| – {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=4}}
|-
|CVoter{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" | 47.4% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=108}}
|43.3% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=74}}
|9.3% {{font|size=75%|font=Verdana|text=0}}
|-
!Poll of polls (Average)
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |117
|64
|1
|-
!Actual results
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |99
|80
|3
|}

==Results==
The votes were counted on 18 December 2017. Over 1.9% of all voters in the election specified the [[None of the Above]] (NOTA) option, which amounted to more than 500,000 votes.
<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pandey|first=Devesh K.|date=2017-12-18|title=NOTA votes made a difference in 24 seats|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-2017/when-nota-edged-past-national-parties-in-gujarat/article21831255.ece|access-date=2021-03-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="200"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="45"| %
! width="45"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="30"| Won
! width="30"| +/−
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| {{formatnum:14724427}} || 49.1 || {{increase}}1.2
| 99 || {{decrease}}16
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| {{formatnum:12438937}} || 41.4 || {{increase}}2.5
| 77 || {{increase}}16
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
| {{formatnum:1290278}} || 4.3 || {{decrease}}1.5
| 3 || {{increase}}2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}}
| {{formatnum:222694}} || 0.7 || {{increase}}0.7
| 2 || {{increase}}2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
| {{formatnum:207007}} || 0.7 || {{decrease}}0.6
| 0 || {{steady}}
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| {{formatnum:184815}} || 0.6 || {{decrease}}0.4
| 1 || {{decrease}}1
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All India Hindustan Congress Party}}
| {{formatnum:83922}} || 0.3 || {{increase}}0.3
| 0 || {{steady}}
|-
| bgcolor=lime|
| align="left"| Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)
|{{formatnum:45833}} || 0.2 || {{increase}}0.2
| 0 || {{steady}}
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| {{formatnum:24918}} || 0.1 || {{increase}}0.1
| 0 || {{steady}}
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
| || ||
| 0 || {{decrease}}1
|-
| bgcolor=white|
| align="left"| [[None of the Above]] (NOTA)
| {{formatnum:551615}} || 1.8 || {{increase}}1.8
| colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| {{formatnum:30015920}} || 100.00 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
| 182 || ±0
|-
! colspan="7" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
| align="right" |{{formatnum:30015920}}
| align="right" |99.87
| colspan="3" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Invalid votes
| align="right" |{{formatnum:37706}}
| align="right" |0.13
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
| align="right" |'''{{formatnum:30053626}}'''
| align="right" |'''69.01'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Abstentions
| align="right" | {{formatnum:13493330}}
| align="right" |30.99
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| align="right" | '''{{formatnum:43546956}}'''
|colspan="1" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|}
[[File:RegionsGujarat.png|thumb|350x350px|Regions of Gujarat with their constituencies]]

=== Results by region ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Region
!Seats<ref>{{Cite web |title=How different regions of Gujarat voted in 2012 and why Saurashtra holds the key this time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/story/gujarat-assembly-election-2017-different-regions-vote-differently-but-saurashtra-may-hold-key-to-power-1097493-2017-11-30 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| bgcolor="{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |'''NDA'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|United Progressive Alliance }}" |'''UPA'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}" |'''Others'''
|-
![[Central Gujarat]]
!61
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |37
|22
|2
|-
![[North Gujarat]]
!32
|14
| style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;" |18
|0
|-
![[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] '''–''' [[Kutch district|Kutch]]
!54
|23
| style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;" |30
|1
|-
![[South Gujarat]]
!35
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |25
|10
|0
|-
!Total
!182
!99
!80
!3
|}

=== Results by district ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!District
!Seats
| bgcolor="{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" |'''NDA'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|United Progressive Alliance }}" |'''UPA'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}" |'''Others'''
|-
![[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
!21
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |15
|6
|0
|-
![[Anand district|Anand]]
!7
|2
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|-
![[Kheda district|Kheda]]
!7
|3
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|4
|0
|-
![[Mahisagar district|Mahisagar]]
!2
|1
|0
|1
|-
![[Panchmahal district|Panchmahal]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |4
|0
|1
|-
![[Dahod district|Dahod]]
!6
|3
|3
|0
|-
![[Vadodara district|Vadodara]]
!10
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |8
|2
|0
|-
![[Chhota Udaipur district|Chhota Udaipur]]
!3
|1
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2
|0
|-
![[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
!9
|3
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|6
|0
|-
![[Patan district|Patan]]
!4
|1
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|-
![[Mehsana district|Mehsana]]
!7
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |5
|2
|0
|-
![[Sabarkantha district|Sabarkantha]]
!4
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |3
|1
|0
|-
![[Aravalli district|Aravalli]]
!3
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|-
![[Gandhinagar district|Gandhinagar]]
!5
|2
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|-
![[Kutch district|Kutch]]
!6
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |4
|2
|0
|-
![[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
!5
|1
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|4
|0
|-
![[Morbi district|Morbi]]
!3
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|-
![[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
!8
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |6
|2
|0
|-
![[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
!5
|2
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|3
|0
|-
![[Devbhumi Dwarka district|Devbhumi Dwarka]]
!2
|1
|1
|0
|-
![[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
!2
|1
|0
|1
|-
![[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
!5
|1
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|4
|0
|-
![[Gir Somnath]]
!4
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|4
|0
|-
![[Amreli district|Amreli]]
!5
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|5
|0
|-
![[Bhavnagar district|Bhavnagar]]
!7
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |6
|1
|0
|-
![[Botad district|Botad]]
!2
|1
|1
|0
|-
![[Narmada district|Narmada]]
!2
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2
|0
|-
![[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |3
|2
|0
|-
![[Surat district|Surat]]
!16
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |15
|1
|0
|-
! [[Tapi district|Tapi]]
!2
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|2
|0
|-
![[Dang district, India|Dang]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{party color|United Progressive Alliance}} ; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[Navsari district|Navsari]]
!4
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |3
|1
|0
|-
![[Valsad district|Valsad]]
!5
|style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} ; color:white;" |4
|1
|0
|-
!Total
!182
!99
!80{{efn|Total tally of [[United Progressive Alliance]] including [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (77), [[Bharatiya Tribal Party|BTP]] (2), and independent MLA [[Jignesh Mevani]] (1)}}
!3
|}

=== Results by constituency ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner<ref name="Gujarat assembly election results 2017: Complete list of winners">{{cite news |title=Gujarat assembly election results 2017: Complete list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/story/gujarat-assembly-election-results-2017-complete-list-of-winners-1109574-2017-12-18 |access-date=9 November 2022 |date=18 December 2017 }}</ref>
! colspan="5" |Runner Up
! rowspan="3" |Margin
|-
! No.
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
!%
! Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
!%
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Kutch district]]
|-
|1
|[[Abdasa Assembly constituency|Abdasa]]
|[[Pradhyumansinh Mahipatsinh Jadeja|Pradhyumansinh Jadeja]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,312
|48.48
|Chhabilbhai Naranbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,566
|42.04
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,746
|-
|2
|[[Mandvi, Kachchh Assembly constituency|Mandvi]]
|Virendrasinh Bahadursinh Jadeja
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,469
|49.34
|Gohil Shaktisinhji Harichandrasinhji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,423
|43.73
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,046
|-
|3
|[[Bhuj Assembly constituency|Bhuj]]
|Acharya Nimaben Bhavesh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,931
|50.35
|Aarethiya Adambhai Sulemanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,943
|42.25
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,988
|-
|4
|[[Anjar Assembly constituency|Anjar]]
|Vasava Veljibhai Bhikhabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,294
|47.35
|V.K. Humbal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,242
|44.21
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,052
|-
|5
|[[Gandhidham Assembly constituency|Gandhidham]] (SC)
|[[Malti Maheshwari|Malti Kishor Maheshwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,121
|53.11
|Kishor Gangjibhai Pingol
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,840
|28.39
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|37,281
|-
|6
|[[Rapar Assembly constituency|Rapar]]
|[[Santokben Aarethiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,160
|46.94
|Laljibhai Chaturbhai Mer
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,978
|41.13
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,182
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Banaskantha district]]
|-
|7
|[[Vav Assembly constituency|Vav]]
|[[Geni Thakor|Thakor Geniben Nagaji]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,02,328
|49
|Shankar Chaudhary
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,673
|45.82
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,655
|-
|8
|[[Tharad Assembly constituency|Tharad]]
|Patel Parbatbhai Savabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,517
|41.11
|Rajput Damrajsinh Motisinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,653
|34.98
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,864
|-
|9
|[[Dhanera Assembly constituency|Dhanera]]
|Patel Nathabhai Hegolabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,586
|45.18
|Desai Mavjibhai Maganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|82,474
|44.03
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,112
|-
|10
|[[Danta Assembly constituency|Danta]] (ST)
|Kantiben Kiranbhai Kharadi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,498
|50.27
|Kodarvi Mavjibhai Galjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,971
|35.61
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|25,527
|-
|11
|[[Vadgam Assembly constituency|Vadgam]] (SC)
|[[Jignesh Mevani]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Ind]]
|95,497
|49.95
|Chakravarti Vijaykumar Harkhabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,778
|39.64
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|19,719
|-
|12
|[[Palanpur Assembly constituency|Palanpur]]
|Patel Maheshkumar Amrutlal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,513
|50.03
|Patel Laljibhai Punjabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,508
|40.73
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|17,005
|-
|13
|[[Deesa Assembly constituency|Deesa]]
|Pandya Shashikant Mahobatram
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,351
|44.02
|Rabari Govabhai Hamirabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,928
|38.82
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,423
|-
|14
|[[Deodar Assembly constituency|Deodar]]
|Chauhan Bhuriya Shivabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,897
|52.86
|Rabari Govabhai Raghbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,797
|41.48
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|21,100
|-
|15
|[[Kankrej Assembly constituency|Kankrej]]
|Kirtisinh Prabhatsinh Vaghela
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,142
|47.42
|Thakor Dineshji Jalajibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|82,295
|42.80
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,847
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Patan district]]
|-
|16
|[[Radhanpur Assembly constituency|Radhanpur]]
|[[Alpesh Thakor|Thakor Alpesh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,901
|45.48
|Solanki Lavingji Muljiji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,933
|37.55
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|14,968
|-
|17
|[[Chanasma Assembly constituency|Chanasma]]
|[[Dilipkumar Viraji Thakor]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,838
|46.07
|Desai Raghubhai Merajbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,092
|42.02
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,746
|-
|18
|[[Patan, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Patan]]
|Kiritkumar Chimanlal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,03,073
|51.49
|Desai Ranchhodbhai Mahijibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,678
|38.79
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|25,395
|-
|19
|[[Sidhpur Assembly constituency|Sidhpur]]
|Thakor Chandanji Talaji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,569
|50.22
|Jaynarayan Vyas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,330
|40.33
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|17,239
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Mehsana district]]
|-
|20
|[[Kheralu Assembly constituency|Kheralu]]
|Dabhi Bharatsinhji Shankarji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,029
|43.88
|Thakor Ramjibhai Sonaji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,692
|42.32
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,337
|-
|21
|[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]
|Patel Narayanbhai Lalludas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,518
|54.17
|Patel Ashaben Amrutlal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,523
|37.55
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|24,995
|-
|22
|[[Visnagar Assembly constituency|Visnagar]]
|Patel Rushikesh Ganeshbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,496
|48.46
|Patel Maheshkumar Ambalal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,557
|46.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,939
|-
|23
|[[Bechraji Assembly constituency|Bechraji]]
|Thakor Bharatji Sonaji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,433
|47.66
|Patel Rajnibhai Somabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,563
|41.66
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,870
|-
|24
|[[Kadi Assembly constituency|Kadi]] (SC)
|Parmar Punjabhai Bhimjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,287
|47.99
|Solanki Rameshbhai Maganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,492
|47.56
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|795
|-
|25
|[[Mahesana Assembly constituency|Mahesana]]
|Patel Nitinbhai Ratilal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,831
|50.37
|Patel Jivabhai Ambalal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|68,463
|38.39
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|21,368
|-
|26
|[[Vijapur Assembly constituency|Vijapur]]
|Patel Nathabhai Punjabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,139
|42.12
|Patel Prahladbhai Ishvarbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,338
|41.00
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,801
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Sabarkantha district]]
|-
|27
|[[Himatnagar Assembly constituency|Himatnagar]]
|Rajubhai Sinh Chavda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,512
|47.12
|Patel Kamleshbhai Naranbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,503
|46.58
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,009
|-
|28
|[[Idar Assembly constituency|Idar]] (SC)
|Kanodiya Hasmukhbhai Somabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|98,815
|52.03
|Parmar Manabhai Ramjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,087
|44.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,728
|-
|29
|[[Khedbrahma Assembly constituency|Khedbrahma]] (ST)
|Rathod Ramilaben Becharbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,351
|42.26
|Gameti Ashvinbhai Laxmanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,428
|36.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,923
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Aravalli district]]
|-
|30
|[[Bhiloda Assembly constituency|Bhiloda]] (ST)
|Anilbhai Jashvantbhai Joshiyara
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,110
|45.39
|Dr. P.C. Baranda
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|85,091
|44.34
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,019
|-
|31
|[[Modasa Assembly constituency|Modasa]]
|Thakor Rajendrasinh Shivsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,597
|46.37
|Parmar Bhikhusinhji Chatursinhji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,795
|45.36
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,802
|-
|32
|[[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]
|Zala Dhavalsinh Narendrasinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,347
|44.31
|Chauhan Adesinh Mansinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,997
|39.46
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|8,350
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Sabarkantha district]]
|-
|33
|[[Prantij Assembly constituency|Prantij]]
|Parmar Mahendrasinh Kacharsinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,090
|46.79
|Parmar Gajendrasinh Udesinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,798
|43.16
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,292
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Gandhinagar district]]
|-
|34
|[[Dahegam Assembly constituency|Dahegam]]
|Chauhan Balrajsinh Kalyansinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,427
|47.25
|Chauhan Kiritkumar Parsottambhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,318
|40.83
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,109
|-
|35
|[[Gandhinagar South Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar South]]
|Thakor Shambhuji Chelaji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,480
|46.25
|Govindji Hiraji Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,295
|31.11
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,185
|-
|36
|[[Gandhinagar North Assembly constituency|Gandhinagar North]]
|Patel Ashokkumar Ranchhodbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,141
|52.14
|Parikh Chintankumar Hasmukhlal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,135
|37.34
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|25,006
|-
|37
|[[Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Mansa]]
|Patel Sureshkumar Chaturdas
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,585
|47.98
|Patel Amitbhai Harisingbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|78,068
|47.67
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|517
|-
|38
|[[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency|Kalol]]
|Thakor Baldevji Chanduji
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,513
|49.62
|Chauhan Sumanben Pravinsinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,385
|46.07
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,128
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Ahmedabad district]]
|-
|39
|[[Viramgam Assembly constituency|Viramgam]]
|Bharwad Lakhabhai Bhikhabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,734
|47.47
|Patel Tejashriben Dilipkumar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,183
|43.42
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,551
|-
|40
|[[Sanand Assembly constituency|Sanand]]
|Kanubhai Karamshibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,927
|38.83
|Dabhi Pushpaben Jorubhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,568
|34.63
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7,359
|-
|41
|[[Ghatlodia Assembly constituency|Ghatlodia]]
|[[Bhupendrabhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,17,750
|66.45
|Patel Shashikantbhai Ambalal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,232
|29.47
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|65,518
|-
|42
|[[Vejalpur Assembly constituency|Vejalpur]]
|Chauhan Kishor Babulal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,17,748
|55.64
|Shah Mihirbhai Subodhbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,831
|35.36
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|42,917
|-
|43
|[[Vatva Assembly constituency|Vatva]]
|Pradipsinh Bhagvatsinh Jadeja
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,738
|58.66
|Patel Bipinchandra Rangrasad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,052
|33.00
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|46,686
|-
|44
|[[Ellis Bridge Assembly constituency|Ellisbridge]]
|[[Rakesh Shah]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,15,819
|85.03
|Dave Vijaykumar Ratilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29,641
|21.76
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|86,178
|-
|45
|[[Naranpura Assembly constituency|Naranpura]]
|Kaulikbhai Niranjanbhai Desai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,298
|77.34
|Chauhan Nitinbhai Kantilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|26,169
|19.59
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77,129
|-
|46
|[[Nikol Assembly constituency|Nikol]]
|Jagdish Panchal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,164
|54.34
|Gohil Baldevbhai Jesangbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,568
|43.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,596
|-
|47
|[[Naroda Assembly constituency|Naroda]]
|Thawani Balram Khubchand
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,038
|68.05
|Tiwari Omprakash Darogaprasad
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|46,328
|29.45
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|60,710
|-
|48
|[[Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency|Thakkarbapa Nagar]]
|[[Vallabhbhai Kakadiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,086
|60.28
|Patel Babubhai Mavjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,995
|36.27
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,091
|-
|49
|[[Bapunagar Assembly constituency|Bapunagar]]
|Himmatsinh Prahladsingh Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,785
|48.32
|Rajput Jagrupsinh Girdansinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|55,728
|45.81
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|3,057
|-
|50
|[[Amraiwadi Assembly constituency|Amraiwadi]]
|Patel Hasmukhbhai Somabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,763
|65.10
|Parmar Arvindbhai Rayjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,136
|35.13
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|49,627
|-
|51
|[[Dariapur Assembly constituency|Dariapur]]
|Shaikh Gyasuddin Habibuddin
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,712
|52.03
|Bharat Barot
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|57,494
|46.96
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,218
|-
|52
|[[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur-Khadiya]]
|[[Imran Khedawala]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,346
|57.99
|Bhatt Bhushan Ashokbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|45,652
|35.14
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|29,694
|-
|53
|[[Maninagar Assembly constituency|Maninagar]]
|Patel Sureshbhai Dhanjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,113
|75.30
|Patel Shaileshbhai Manubhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|40,671
|26.38
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|75,442
|-
|54
|[[Danilimda Assembly constituency|Danilimda]] (SC)
|Parmar Shailesh Manharbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,072
|58.53
|Solanki Jitendra Umakant
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,310
|38.12
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|31,762
|-
|55
|[[Sabarmati Assembly constituency|Sabarmati]]
|Arvindkumar Gandalal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,12,344
|68.65
|Dr. Jitubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|43,693
|26.69
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|68,651
|-
|56
|[[Asarwa Assembly constituency|Asarwa]] (SC)
|Parmar Pradipbhai Khanabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|87,045
|67.18
|Vaghela Kanubhai Atmaram
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|37,834
|29.20
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|49,211
|-
|57
|[[Daskroi Assembly constituency|Daskroi]]
|Patel Babubhai Jamnadas
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,31,027
|62.08
|Patel Pankajbhai Chimanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,643
|33.47
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|60,384
|-
|58
|[[Dholka Assembly constituency|Dholka]]
|Bhuria Bhupendrasinh Gajendrasinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,626
|47.89
|Chavda Kiritsinh Sardarsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,299
|45.89
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,327
|-
|59
|[[Dhandhuka Assembly constituency|Dhandhuka]]
|Gohil Rajeshkumar Harjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,531
|41.11
|Dabhi Kalubhai Rupabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|59,627
|38.00
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,904
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Surendranagar district]]
|-
|60
|[[Dasada Assembly constituency|Dasada]] (SC)
|Solanki Naushadbhai Bhikhabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,626
|47.07
|Makwana Ramanbhai Dhulabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,645
|42.54
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,981
|-
|61
|[[Limbdi Assembly constituency|Limbdi]]
|Kolipatel Somabhai Gandalal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|88,354
|50.04
|Rana Kiritsinh Jitubha
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,609
|42.25
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13,745
|-
|62
|[[Wadhwan Assembly constituency|Wadhwan]]
|Dhanjibhai Mohanlal Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,456
|54.67
|Parmar Mohanbhai Dahyabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|75,900
|43.47
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19,556
|-
|63
|[[Chotila Assembly constituency|Chotila]]
|Makwana Rutvikbhai Lavjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,959
|50.10
|Dabhi Dhirajlal Madhavjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,750
|34.93
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|24,209
|-
|64
|[[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dhrangadhra]]
|Parshottambhai Sabariya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,07,769
|54.25
|Patel Jayeshbhai Harilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|86,923
|43.75
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20,846
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Morbi district]]
|-
|65
|[[Morbi Assembly constituency|Morbi]]
|Amrutiya Kantilal Shivlal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,543
|52.46
|Brijesh Merja
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,518
|45.86
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,025
|-
|66
|[[Tankara Assembly constituency|Tankara]]
|Kagathara Lalitbhai Karamshibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,632
|50.12
|Kundariya Mohanbhai Kalyanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,747
|44.92
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|8,885
|-
|67
|[[Wankaner Assembly constituency|Wankaner]]
|Pirzada Mahammad Javid Abdul Mutleeb
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,193
|47.62
|Somani Jitendra Kantilal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,588
|46.06
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,605
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Rajkot district]]
|-
|68
|[[Rajkot East Assembly constituency|Rajkot East]]
|Arvindbhai Manibhai Raiyani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,791
|53.32
|Mitulbhai Himmatbhai Donga
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,094
|38.66
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|24,697
|-
|69
|[[Rajkot West Assembly constituency|Rajkot West]]
|[[Vijay Rupani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,31,586
|53.71
|Rajguru Indranil Sanjaybhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,935
|31.80
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|53,651
|-
|70
|[[Rajkot South Assembly constituency|Rajkot South]]
|[[Govindbhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,251
|61.81
|Patel Kashyapkumar Nathalal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,189
|35.25
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40,062
|-
|71
|[[Rajkot Rural Assembly constituency|Rajkot Rural]] (SC)
|Lakhabhai Sagathiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,384
|49.48
|Vashrambhai Karshanbhai Sagathiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,440
|42.16
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,944
|-
|72
|[[Jasdan Assembly constituency|Jasdan]]
|Bavaliya Kunvarjibhai Mohanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|84,856
|49.25
|Dr. Bharatbhai Khimjibhai Boghra
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,979
|43.52
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,877
|-
|73
|[[Gondal Assembly constituency|Gondal]]
|Jadeja Geetaba Jayrajsinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,506
|47.95
|Khatariya Arjunbhai Ghanshyambhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|55,035
|37.43
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,471
|-
|74
|[[Jetpur, Rajkot Assembly constituency|Jetpur]]
|Radadia Jayeshbhai Vitthalbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,05,763
|63.63
|Radadia Ravibhai Jivrajbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,418
|48.38
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|25,345
|-
|75
|[[Dhoraji Assembly constituency|Dhoraji]]
|Vasoya Lalitbhai Karamshibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,105
|54.65
|Patel Haribhai alias Haribhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,108
|38.60
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|24,997
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Jamnagar district]]
|-
|76
|[[Kalavad Assembly constituency|Kalavad]] (SC)
|Chavda Pravinbhai Ghughabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,973
|46.67
|Musadiya Muljibhai Dayabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52,723
|39.07
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|10,250
|-
|77
|[[Jamnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Jamnagar Rural]]
|Dharaviya Vallabhbhai Veljibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,591
|46.37
|Patel Raghavjibhai Hansrajbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,553
|41.94
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|7,038
|-
|78
|[[Jamnagar North Assembly constituency|Jamnagar North]]
|Dharmendrasinh Merubha Jadeja
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,943
|55.83
|Ahir Jivanbhai Karubhai Kumbharvadiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,135
|39.40
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|23,808
|-
|79
|[[Jamnagar South Assembly constituency|Jamnagar South]]
|Ranchhodbhai Chanabhai Faldu
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,743
|54.87
|Ashokbhai Lalani
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,668
|40.13
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|20,075
|-
|80
|[[Jamjodhpur Assembly constituency|Jamjodhpur]]
|Kalariya Chiragbhai Rameshbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,955
|47.48
|Shapriya Chimanbhai Meghjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,135
|43.41
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5,820
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Devbhumi Dwarka district]]
|-
|81
|[[Khambhaliya Assembly constituency|Khambaliya]]
|[[Ahir Vikrambhai Arjanbhai Madam]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,406
|50.66
|Bera Mulubhai Hardasbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|73,517
|44.65
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,889
|-
|82
|[[Dwarka, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dwarka]]
|Pabubha Virambha Manek
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,510
|45.56
|Ahir Meramanbhai Markhibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,836
|41.95
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,674
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Porbandar district]]
|-
|83
|[[Porbandar Assembly constituency|Porbandar]]
|Babulal Bokhiria
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,584
|46.04
|Modhvadiya Arjunbhai Devabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|69,729
|44.85
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,855
|-
|84
|[[Kutiyana Assembly constituency|Kutiyana]]
|Jadeja Kandhalbhai Sarmanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|61,505
|47.89
|Odedara Karsanbhai Dulabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|37,327
|29.06
|style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}} ; color:white;"|24,178
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Junagadh district]]
|-
|85
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]
|Chavda Jawaharbhai Pethaljibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,943
|44.32
|Parmar Niranjankumar Narasinhbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|35,620
|25.90
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|25,323
|-
|86
|[[Junagadh Assembly constituency|Junagadh]]
|Joshi Bhikhabhai Galabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,369
|45.91
|Bambhaniya Mashrubhai Savjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,053
|41.79
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,316
|-
|87
|[[Visavadar Assembly constituency|Visavadar]]
|Ribadiya Harshadbhai Valjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,900
|50.45
|Kirit Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,950
|40.66
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,950
|-
|88
|[[Keshod Assembly constituency|Keshod]]
|Devabhai Punjabhai Malam
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,385
|47.50
|Jayeshkumar Valjibhai Ladani
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,900
|39.75
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,485
|-
|89
|[[Mangrol, Junagadh Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Junagadh)]]
|Vaja Babubhai Kalabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,377
|47.33
|Ganatra Rajeshbhai Dhirubhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|54,228
|38.09
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13,149
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Gir Somnath district]]
|-
|90
|[[Somnath Assembly constituency|Somnath]]
|Chudasama Vimalbhai Kanabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|90,704
|52.07
|Barad Jashabhai Bhaishankarbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,209
|40.30
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|20,495
|-
|91
|[[Talala Assembly constituency|Talala]]
|Barad Bhagvanbhai Dhanabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,813
|41.44
|Parmar Govindbhai Varjangbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|60,103
|40.29
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,710
|-
|92
|[[Kodinar Assembly constituency|Kodinar]] (SC)
|Mohanlal Malabhai Vala
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,829
|49.88
|Vadher Kantilal Shivlal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|61,440
|42.65
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|10,389
|-
|93
|[[Una (Gujarat Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Una]]
|Vansh Punjabhai Bhimabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|72,675
|45.28
|Chudasama Harjibhai Mathurbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,512
|42.68
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,163
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Amreli district]]
|-
|94
|[[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]
|J.V. Kakadiya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,195
|48.92
|Dilipbhai Nanubhai Sanghani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|51,209
|37.84
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|14,986
|-
|95
|[[Amreli Assembly constituency|Amreli]]
|Pareshbhai Dhanani
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|87,604
|49.85
|Patel Bavkubhai Nathabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,568
|42.99
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12,036
|-
|96
|[[Lathi Assembly constituency|Lathi]]
|[[Virjibhai Thummar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,656
|46.85
|Gohil Gopalbhai Somabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,664
|43.54
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,992
|-
|97
|[[Savarkundla Assembly constituency|Savarkundla]]
|Pratapbhai Varjangbhai Dudhat
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,077
|46.40
|Kamleshbhai Kanani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|64,318
|45.17
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,759
|-
|98
|[[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]
|Der Amarishbhai Jivabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,317
|47.39
|Solanki Hirabhai Odhavjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,363
|46.22
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,954
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Bhavnagar district]]
|-
|99
|[[Mahuva, Bhavnagar Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Bhavnagar)]]
|Makwana Raghavbhai Chondabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|50,678
|36.44
|Dr. Kanubhai V. Kalsariya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|48,595
|34.94
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,083
|-
|100
|[[Talaja Assembly constituency|Talaja]]
|Gautambhai Gopalbhai Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,928
|46.16
|Chauhan Kiranbhai Bhikhabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,118
|42.84
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,810
|-
|101
|[[Gariadhar Assembly constituency|Gariadhar]]
|Nakrani Keshubhai Hirjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|47,604
|38.91
|Pareshbhai Manjibhai Kheni
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|44,318
|36.23
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,286
|-
|102
|[[Palitana Assembly constituency|Palitana]]
|Baraiya Bhikhabhai Ravajibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,115
|43.43
|Khanbhai Pravinbhai Tidabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|50,674
|33.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|14,441
|-
|103
|[[Bhavnagar Rural Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar Rural]]
|Parsottambhai Odhavjibhai Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,999
|54.72
|Chauhan Kantibhai Shivabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,430
|35.98
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|33,569
|-
|104
|[[Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar East]]
|[[Vibhavari Dave|Vibhavari Dave Vijaybhai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,263
|55.27
|Solanki Nitaben Babubhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,599
|41.07
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22,664
|-
|105
|[[Bhavnagar West Assembly constituency|Bhavnagar West]]
|Vaghani Jitendrabhai Savjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,788
|54.05
|Gohil Dilipsinh Ajitsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,614
|41.88
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18,174
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Botad district]]
|-
|106
|[[Gadhada Assembly constituency|Gadhada]] (SC)
|Maru Pravinbhai Tidabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,369
|49.05
|Atmaram Makanbhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|52,981
|40.38
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|11,388
|-
|107
|[[Botad Assembly constituency|Botad]]
|[[Saurabh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,582
|43.38
|Kalathiya Dhirajlal Madhavjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|78,868
|43.00
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|714
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Anand district]]
|-
|108
|[[Khambhat Assembly constituency|Khambhat]]
|Maheshkumar Kanaiyalal Raval
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|76,199
|48.92
|Patel Khushalbhai Valjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,186
|46.98
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,013
|-
|109
|[[Borsad Assembly constituency|Borsad]]
|Parmar Rajendrasinh Dhirsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,177
|55.35
|Solanki Ramanbhai Bhikhabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|84,966
|48.39
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12,211
|-
|110
|[[Anklav Assembly constituency|Anklav]]
|[[Amitbhai Chavda]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,595
|54.41
|Padhiyar Hansrajbhai Fulabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,388
|43.35
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|18,207
|-
|111
|[[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]
|Govindbhai Raijibhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,927
|49.77
|Patel Jayantbhai Ramanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|86,165
|48.23
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,762
|-
|112
|[[Anand Assembly constituency|Anand]]
|Kantilal Sodha Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|98,168
|51.47
|Patel Yogeshbhai Narendrabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,991
|48.76
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5,177
|-
|113
|[[Petlad Assembly constituency|Petlad]]
|Niranjanbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,486
|50.08
|Patel Kamleshbhai Ranchhodbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,252
|43.78
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|10,234
|-
|114
|[[Sojitra Assembly constituency|Sojitra]]
|Punambhai Madhabhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|71,885
|48.79
|Patel Vipulkumar Vinubhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|69,639
|47.26
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,246
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Kheda district]]
|-
|115
|[[Matar Assembly constituency|Matar]]
|Kesarisinh Jesangbhai Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,798
|47.79
|Patel Sanjaybhai Harmanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,015
|46.20
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,783
|-
|116
|[[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad]]
|Pankajkumar Vinodbhai Desai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|90,548
|54.25
|Patel Jitendrabhai Suryakantbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,815
|42.43
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|19,733
|-
|117
|[[Mehmedabad Assembly constituency|Mehmedabad]]
|Chauhan Arjunsinh Udesinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,398
|53.20
|Chauhan Gautambhai Ravjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,164
|43.86
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,234
|-
|118
|[[Mahudha Assembly constituency|Mahudha]]
|Indrajitsinh Natvarsinh Thakor
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,793
|47.87
|Bharatsinh Raysingbhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,408
|45.06
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,385
|-
|119
|[[Thasra Assembly constituency|Thasra]]
|Kantibhai Shabhaibhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,597
|46.16
|Ramsinh Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|81,910
|45.23
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1,687
|-
|120
|[[Kapadvanj Assembly constituency|Kapadvanj]]
|Dabhi Kalabhai Raijibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|85,009
|45.14
|Zala Kanubhai Bhikhalal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|79,396
|42.16
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5,613
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Mahisagar district]]
|-
|121
|[[Balasinor Assembly constituency|Balasinor]]
|Mansinh Kohyabhai Chauhan
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,993
|50.64
|Patel Rajeshbhai Chimanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,410
|44.86
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|9,583
|-
|122
|[[Lunawada Assembly constituency|Lunawada]]
|Parmar Ratansinh Magansinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,709
|47.05
|Parmar Manojkumar Rayajibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|73,360
|42.76
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7,349
|-
|123
|[[Santrampur Assembly constituency|Santrampur]] (ST)
|Dindor Kuberbhai Mansukhbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,918
|42.24
|Damor Veljibhai Tokaribhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,598
|36.66
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|8,320
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Panchmahal district]]
|-
|124
|[[Shehra Assembly constituency|Shehra]]
|Ahir Jethabhai Ghelabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|99,518
|57.92
|Chauhan Dushyantsinh Narvatsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,348
|37.45
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,170
|-
|125
|[[Morva Hadaf Assembly constituency|Morva Hadaf]] (ST)
|Khant Bhupendrasinh Vechatbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,532
|47.97
|Damor Amarsingbhai Bhimabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,228
|39.70
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,304
|-
|126
|[[Godhra Assembly constituency|Godhra]]
|C.K. Raulji
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,177
|49.56
|Parmar Rajendrakumar Kantilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|91,919
|49.42
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|258
|-
|127
|[[Kalol, Panchmahal Assembly constituency|Kalol]]
|Chauhan Sumanben Pravinsinh
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,087
|61.48
|Parmar Prabhatsinh Pratapsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,109
|36.00
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|43,978
|-
|128
|[[Halol Assembly constituency|Halol]]
|Jaydrathsinhji Chandrasinhji Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,08,111
|58.83
|Patel Bharatbhai Kikubhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,318
|36.63
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|40,793
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Dahod district]]
|-
|129
|[[Fatepura Assembly constituency|Fatepura]] (ST)
|Katara Rameshbhai Bhurabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,328
|44.86
|Damor Babubhai Bhimabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,463
|37.76
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,865
|-
|130
|[[Jhalod Assembly constituency|Jhalod]] (ST)
|Katara Bhaveshbhai Babubhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|81,510
|50.47
|Bhabhor Maheshbhai Ditabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|66,558
|41.21
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|14,952
|-
|131
|[[Limkheda Assembly constituency|Limkheda]] (ST)
|Bhabhor Shaileshbhai Sumanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,203
|50.23
|Maheshbhai Somabhai Bhuriya
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|60,814
|41.17
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,389
|-
|132
|[[Dahod Assembly constituency|Dahod]] (ST)
|Panada Vajesingbhai Parsingbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,717
|42.48
|Kalsinh Vajesinh Meda
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,393
|33.00
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,324
|-
|133
|[[Garbada Assembly constituency|Garbada]] (ST)
|Bhabhor Mahendrabhai Ramjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,831
|47.04
|Bariya Chandrikaben Chhaganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,842
|38.03
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|12,989
|-
|134
|[[Devgadhbariya Assembly constituency|Devgadhbariya]]
|Khabad Bachubhai Maganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|91,913
|54.19
|Baria Vikramsinh Virsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,548
|37.46
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,365
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Vadodara district]]
|-
|135
|[[Savli Assembly constituency|Savli]]
|[[Inamdar Ketanbhai Mahendrabhai]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,407
|58.04
|Chauhan Sagar Prakashbhai Koko
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,994
|35.89
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|36,413
|-
|136
|[[Vaghodiya Assembly constituency|Vaghodiya]]
|Shri Madhu Shrivastava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,487
|46.09
|Patel Jayeshbhai Ambalal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,811
|40.10
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|9,676
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Chhota Udaipur district]]
|-
|137
|[[Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Chhota Udaipur]] (ST)
|Rathva Mohanbhai Dhanjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,858
|47.07
|Rathva Naranbhai Jemalabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|66,900
|42.06
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7,958
|-
|138
|[[Jetpur, Chhota Udaipur Assembly constituency|Jetpur]] (ST)
|Rathva Jayantibhai Savjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|75,867
|45.08
|Rathva Sukhrambhai Hariyabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,757
|39.07
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10,110
|-
|139
|[[Sankheda Assembly constituency|Sankheda]] (ST)
|Tadvi Abhesinh Motibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,915
|53.14
|Bhil Dhirubhai Chunilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,687
|42.71
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18,228
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Vadodara district]]
|-
|140
|[[Dabhoi Assembly constituency|Dabhoi]]
|Mehta Shaileshbhai Kanaiyalal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,743
|47.19
|Patel Siddharthbhai Chimanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,996
|45.53
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|2,747
|-
|141
|[[Vadodara City Assembly constituency|Vadodara City]] (SC)
|Vakil Manishaben Rajendrabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,16,367
|66.82
|Parmar Anilbhai Ramdasbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,228
|36.88
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|52,139
|-
|142
|[[Sayajigunj Assembly constituency|Sayajigunj]]
|Vyas Jitendra Ratilal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,718
|65.84
|Patel Narendra Pavankumar
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,249
|30.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|59,469
|-
|143
|[[Akota Assembly constituency|Akota]]
|Seemaben Akshaykumar Mohile
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,669
|62.92
|Patel Ranjitkumar Shankarlal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,938
|34.56
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|46,731
|-
|144
|[[Raopura Assembly constituency|Raopura]]
|[[Rajendra Trivedi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,06,589
|63.48
|Dave Maheshbhai Ratilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,608
|33.71
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|49,981
|-
|145
|[[Manjalpur Assembly constituency|Manjalpur]]
|[[Yogesh Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,136
|65.12
|Patel Chinnam Gandhi
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|54,777
|32.09
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|56,359
|-
|146
|[[Padra Assembly constituency|Padra]]
|Dineshbhai Balubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|93,483
|53.38
|Thakor Jashpalsinh Mahendrasinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,601
|44.31
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,882
|-
|147
|[[Karjan Assembly constituency|Karjan]]
|Satishbhai Motibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,135
|48.66
|Patel Akshaykumar Ishwarbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,692
|46.56
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,443
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Narmada district]]
|-
|148
|[[Nandod Assembly constituency|Nandod]] (ST)
|Vasava Premsinhbhai Devjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|80,907
|47.84
|Vasava Chhotubhai Amarsinh
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,529
|45.25
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4,378
|-
|149
|[[Dediapada Assembly constituency|Dediapada]] (ST)
|Vasava Maheshbhai Chhotubhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,993
|47.44
|Vasava Hiteshbhai Devjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}}
|67,295
|38.01
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16,698
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Bharuch district]]
|-
|150
|[[Jambusar Assembly constituency|Jambusar]]
|Sanjaybhai Jesangbhai Solanki
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|77,562
|49.73
|Chhatrasinhji Poojabhai Mori
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|71,251
|45.69
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,311
|-
|151
|[[Vagra Assembly constituency|Vagra]]
|Arunsinh Ajitsinh Rana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,236
|51.09
|Patel Sulemanbhai Musabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|76,885
|44.52
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,351
|-
|152
|[[Jhagadiya Assembly constituency|Jhagadiya]] (ST)
|Chhotubhai Amarsinh Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}}
|1,13,514
|60.81
|Vasava Ravjibhai Ishwarbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|62,745
|33.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Tribal Party}} ; color:white;"|50,769
|-
|153
|[[Bharuch Assembly constituency|Bharuch]]
|Rameshbhai Narandas Mistry
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,322
|58.91
|Patel Jayeshbhai Vitthalbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|65,094
|37.11
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|38,228
|-
|154
|[[Ankleshwar Assembly constituency|Ankleshwar]]
|Ishwarsinh Thakorbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,303
|58.02
|Patel Anilbhai Maganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,249
|38.30
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|32,054
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Surat district]]
|-
|155
|[[Olpad Assembly constituency|Olpad]]
|Patel Mukeshbhai Zinabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,47,627
|66.84
|Yogeshbhai Naranbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,462
|27.83
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|86,165
|-
|156
|[[Mangrol, Surat Assembly constituency|Mangrol (Surat)]] (ST)
|Vasava Ganpatsinh Vestabhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|89,556
|58.24
|Vasava Nansingbhai Nanksingbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,546
|34.82
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|36,010
|-
|157
|[[Mandvi, Surat Assembly constituency|Mandvi (Surat)]] (ST)
|Chaudhari Anandbhai Mohanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|96,473
|55.95
|Chaudhari Pravinbhai Merjibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,196
|30.27
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|44,277
|-
|158
|[[Kamrej Assembly constituency|Kamrej]]
|V.D. Zalavadiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,42,587
|64.20
|Ashokbhai Mavjibhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|67,181
|30.25
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|75,406
|-
|159
|[[Surat East Assembly constituency|Surat East]]
|Arvind Shantilal Rana
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|77,632
|52.72
|Kadir Pirzada
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|64,589
|43.86
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,043
|-
|160
|[[Surat North Assembly constituency|Surat North]]
|Kantibhai Himmatbhai Balar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|68,783
|58.85
|Patel Dineshbhai Manubhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,158
|36.07
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26,625
|-
|161
|[[Varachha Road Assembly constituency|Varachha Road]]
|Kumar Pankajbhai Kanani
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|67,583
|54.66
|Gajera Dhirubhai Haribhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|52,513
|42.47
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|15,070
|-
|162
|[[Karanj Assembly constituency|Karanj]]
|Ghoghari Pravinbhai Manilal
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|65,933
|65.32
|Jagdishbhai Bhikabhai Vasava
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30,519
|30.24
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|35,414
|-
|163
|[[Limbayat Assembly constituency|Limbayat]]
|[[Sangita Patil]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,514
|58.33
|Ravindra Patil
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,767
|37.05
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|33,747
|-
|164
|[[Udhana Assembly constituency|Udhana]]
|Vivek Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|88,714
|58.92
|Patel Rajeshbhai Bharatbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,513
|37.53
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|32,201
|-
|165
|[[Majura Assembly constituency|Majura]]
|[[Harsh Sanghavi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,15,789
|75.31
|Kothari Ashokbhai Mohanlal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|30,233
|19.66
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|85,556
|-
|166
|[[Choryasi Assembly constituency|Choryasi]]
|Zankhana Hiteshbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,61,373
|70.91
|Patel Nileshbhai Popatbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|53,191
|23.37
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1,08,182
|-
|167
|[[Bardoli Assembly constituency|Bardoli]] (SC)
|Ishwarbhai Ramanbhai Parmar
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,513
|56.47
|Parmar Tarachandbhai Chhedilal
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,989
|38.45
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,524
|-
|168
|[[Mahuva, Surat Assembly constituency|Mahuva (Surat)]] (ST)
|Mohanbhai Dhodiya
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|70,089
|52.41
|Patel Kanchanbhai Dahyabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|47,742
|35.70
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22,347
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Tapi district]]
|-
|169
|[[Vyara Assembly constituency|Vyara]] (ST)
|Gamit Punabhai Dhedabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|74,510
|47.83
|Chaudhari Arvindbhai Rumsibhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|63,474
|40.75
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|11,036
|-
|170
|[[Nizar Assembly constituency|Nizar]] (ST)
|Gamit Sunilbhai Chandrakantbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,842
|53.85
|Vasava Kantilalbhai Reshambhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|79,238
|41.09
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|24,604
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Navsari district]]
|-
|171
|[[Jalalpore Assembly constituency|Jalalpore]]
|R.C. Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|86,718
|56.73
|Parimal Nanubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|58,687
|38.39
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,031
|-
|172
|[[Navsari Assembly constituency|Navsari]]
|Piyushbhai Dinkerbhai Desai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,03,404
|67.37
|Patel Bhavnaben Anilbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|42,396
|27.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|61,008
|-
|173
|[[Gandevi Assembly constituency|Gandevi]] (ST)
|Patel Nareshbhai Maganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,27,135
|64.81
|Patel Ashokbhai Shankarbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|56,135
|28.62
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|71,000
|-
|174
|[[Vansda Assembly constituency|Vansda]] (ST)
|Anantkumar Hasmukhbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,05,709
|53.43
|Ganvit Piyushbhai Govindbhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|83,664
|42.28
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|22,045
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Dang district]]
|-
|175
|[[Dang Assembly constituency|Dang]] (ST)
|Vijaybhai Rameshbhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|74,026
|49.09
|Patel Mangalbhai Gangajibhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|70,557
|46.79
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|3,469
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Valsad district]]
|-
|176
|[[Dharampur, Gujarat Assembly constituency|Dharampur]] (ST)
|Arvindbhai Chhotubhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|94,454
|51.03
|Patel Ishwarbhai Chhaganbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,912
|43.72
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|13,542
|-
|177
|[[Valsad Assembly constituency|Valsad]]
|[[Bharatbhai Kikubhai Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|92,335
|56.97
|Patel Narendra Ladakbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|63,293
|39.05
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|29,042
|-
|178
|[[Pardi Assembly constituency|Pardi]]
|Ketanbhai Mahendrabhai Patel
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,499
|59.19
|Patel Prakashbhai Shankarbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|57,576
|34.95
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|39,923
|-
|179
|[[Kaparada Assembly constituency|Kaprada]] (ST)
|Jitubhai Harjibhai Chaudhari
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|95,096
|47.24
|Patel Babubhai Jiwanbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|83,691
|41.58
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|11,405
|-
|180
|[[Umbergaon Assembly constituency|Umbergaon]] (ST)
|Patkar Ramanlal Nanubhai
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|97,285
|58.40
|Patel Ashokbhai Mohnabhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|61,174
|36.72
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|36,111
|-
! colspan="13" |[[Surat district]]
|-
|181
|[[Katargam Assembly constituency|Katargam]]
|[[Vinod Moradiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,24,847
|64.03
|Gondaliya Jigneshkumar Himmatbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|62,269
|31.93
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|62,578
|-
|182
|[[Surat West Assembly constituency|Surat West]]
|[[Purnesh Modi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|1,11,582
|77.23
|Patel Rameshbhai Govindbhai
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|29,668
|20.53
|style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|81,914
|-
|}

==By-Elections==
===2019===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!S.No
!Date
!Constituency
!MLA before election
! colspan="2" |Party before election
!Elected MLA
! colspan="2" |Party after election
|-
!1
| rowspan="4" |23 April 2019
|[[Dhrangadhra Assembly constituency|Dharangadhra]]
|[[Parsottam Ukabhai Sabariya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|[[Parsottam Ukabhai Sabariya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
!2
|[[Jamnagar Gramya|Jamnagar Rural]]
|[[Vallabh Dharaviya]]
|[[Raghavji Patel]]
|-
!3
|[[Manavadar Assembly constituency|Manavadar]]
|[[Jawaharbhai Chavda]]
|[[Jawaharbhai Chavda]]
|-
!4
|[[Unjha Assembly constituency|Unjha]]
|[[Asha Patel]]
|[[Asha Patel]]
|-
!5
| rowspan="6" |21 October 2019
|[[Radhanpur Assembly constituency|Radhanpur]]
|[[Alpesh Thakor]] (Joined BJP)
|Raghubhai Merajbhai Desai
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
!6
|[[Bayad Assembly constituency|Bayad]]
|[[Dhavalsinh Zala]]
|Jashubhai Shivabhai Patel
|-
!7
|[[Tharad Assembly constituency|Tharad]]
|[[Parbatbhai Patel]] (Elected to Lok Sabha)
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|Gulabsinh Pirabhai Rajput
|-
!8
|[[Kheralu Assembly constituency|Kheralu]]
|[[Bharatsinhji Dabhi]] (Joined Lok Sabha in 2019)
|[[Ajmalji Valaji Thakor]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
!9
|[[Amraiwadi Assembly constituency|Amraiwadi]]
|[[Hasmukh Patel (politician)|Hasmukhbhai Patel]]
|[[Jagdish Ishwarbhai Patel]]
|-
!10
|[[Lunawada Assembly constituency|Lunawada]]
|[[Ratansinh Rathod]]
|[[Jigneshkumar Sevak]]
|}

=== 2020 ===
{{main|2020 Gujarat Legislative Assembly by-elections}}
In March 2020, five Congress MLAs from Gujarat resigned, bringing its tally down to 68. Three more resigned in June 2020, making it 65.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-04|title=Gujarat Congress MLAs resign, race wide open for fourth Rajya Sabha seat|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-congress-mlas-resign-race-wide-open-for-fourth-rajya-sabha-seat-6442068/|access-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604075649/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/gujarat-congress-mlas-resign-race-wide-open-for-fourth-rajya-sabha-seat-6442068/|archive-date=2020-06-04}}</ref> The BJP subsequently won all eight seats in November by-elections with absolute majorities of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=By election 2020 results|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ACBYETRENDS2020/statewiseS061.htm?st=S061}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Constituency
!MLA before election
!colspan=2|Party before election
!Election Date
!Elected MLA
!colspan=2|Winning party
!Runner up
!colspan=2|Runner Up Party
!Margin
|-
|1
|[[Abdasa]]
|
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
| rowspan="8" |3 November 2020
|JADEJA PRADHYUMANSINH MAHIPATSINH
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|DR. SHANTILAL SENGHANI
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
|36,778
|-
|61
|[[Limbdi]]
|
|KIRITSINH JITUBHA RANA
|KHACHAR CHETANBHAI RAMKUBHAI
|32,050
|-
|65
|[[Morbi]]
|
|BRIJESH MERJA
|JAYANTILAL JERAJBHAI PATEL
|4,649
|-
|94
|[[Dhari Assembly constituency|Dhari]]
|
|KAKADIYA J. V.
|SURESH MANUBHAI KOTADIYA
|17,209
|-
|106
|[[Gadhada]]
|
|ATMARAM MAKANBHAI PARMAR
|MOHANBHAI SHANKARBHAI SOLANKI
|23,295
|-
|147
|[[Karjan]]
|
|AKSHAYKUMAR ISWARBHAI PATEL
|JADEJA KIRITSINH DOLUBHA
|16,425
|-
|173
|[[Dang Assembly constituency|Dang]]
|
|PATEL VIJAYBHAI RAMESH BHAI
|SURYAKANTBHAI RATANBHAI GAVIT
|60,095
|-
|181
|[[Kaprada]]
|
|Jitubhai Harjibhai Chaudhari
|Babubhai Jivlabhai Patel Alias(Varatha)
|47,066
|}

===2021===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!S.No
!Date
!Constituency
!MLA before election
! colspan="2" |Party before election
!Elected MLA
! colspan="2" |Party after election
|-
!125
|17 April 2021
|[[Morva Hadaf Assembly constituency|Morva Hadaf]]
|Bhupendrasinh Khant
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|[[Nimisha Suthar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://eci.nic.in/eci/eci.html Election Commission of India]
* [http://www.gujaratassembly.gov.in/ Gujarat Legislative Assembly, Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918214822/http://gujaratassembly.gov.in/ |date=2017-09-18 }}

{{Gujarat elections}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2017 State Assembly elections in India|Gujarat]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Gujarat|2017]]
[[Category:2010s in Gujarat|2017]]

Ramadevi Choudhury

2026-02-10T02:53:24Z

Ovfanclub786: Updated formatting and sections

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and social reformer (1889–1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramadevi Choudhury
| image = Ramadebi.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1899|12|03}}
| birth_place = [[Cuttack district|Satyabhamapur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1985|07|22|1899|12|03}}
| death_place = [[Cuttack]], [[Orissa]], India
| other_names = Maa Rama Devi
| known_for =
| occupation = [[Indian independence activist]], social reformer
| parents = [[Gopala Ballabha Das]] Basanta Kumari Devi
| spouse = [[Gopabandhu Choudhury]]
| relatives = [[Uma Devi]] (sister) [[Madhusudan Das]] (uncle) 
[[Nabakrushna Choudhury]] (brother in law)
| awards = [[Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]]
}}

'''Ramadevi Choudhury''' (3 December 1899 – 22 July 1985), also known as '''Rama Devi''', was an Indian freedom fighter and a social reformer.<ref>''Women pioneers in India's renaissance, as I remember her'', by Sushila Nayar, Kamla Mankekar. [[National Book Trust]], India, 2002. {{ISBN|81-237-3766-1}}. ''Page 216''.</ref> She was called Maa (Mother) by the people of Odisha. The [[Rama Devi Women's University|Ramadevi Women's University]] in Bhubaneswar has been named after her.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Freedom Struggle and Rama Devi |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/April2006/engpdf/freedom_struggle_%20and%20rama%20devi_.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2024 |access-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706094900/https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/April2006/engpdf/freedom_struggle_%20and%20rama%20devi_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Family==
She was born in an aristocratic [[Karan (caste)|Zamindar Karan]] family. She was the daughter of [[Gopala Ballabha Das|Choudhury Gopala Ballabha Das]] and Basant Kumari Devi and the niece of [[Madhusudan Das|Utkal Gaurab Madhusudan Das]]. At the age of 15, she married [[Gopabandhu Choudhury]], then a Deputy Collector.<ref name="ReddySumangala1998">{{cite book|author1=Philomena Royappa Reddy|author2=P. Sumangala|title=Women in development: perspectives from selected states of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RkG3AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=22 April 2011|year=1998|publisher=B.R. Pub. Corp.|isbn=978-81-7018-978-7}}. ''Rama Devi Rama Devi along with her husband Gopabandu Choudhury joined the Freedom Movement in 1921''</ref>

==Role during independence==
Together with her husband, she joined the Indian independence movement in 1921.<ref name="ReddySumangala1998"/> She was highly influenced by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]<ref name=or/> and took an active part in Non Cooperation Movement. She used to go from village to village to encourage women to join the independence movement.<ref name=or/> Others who influenced her were [[Jai Prakash Narayan]], [[Vinoba Bhave]] and her uncle, Madhusudan Das.<ref name=or/> In 1921, she had her first meeting with Gandhiji and, together with her husband, joined the Non Cooperation Movement.<ref name=or/> The same year they joined the [[Indian National Congress]] and started wearing [[khadi]].<ref name=or/> In 1930, she took active part in the [[Salt March|Salt Satyagraha movement]] at Orissa level. She went to Inchudi and Srijang, with other activist like Kiranbala Sen, Maltidevi, [[Sarala Devi]], Pranakrushna Padhiari.<ref name=or/> She and her colleagues were arrested in November 1930 and placed in different jails by the British. She was arrested several times (in 1921, 1930, 1936, 1942) with other women independence activists like Sarala Devi, [[Malati Choudhury]] and others and was sent to jail.<ref>People's Revolt in Orissa: A Study of Talcher by Debi P. Mishra – 1998 – Page 138</ref><ref>Women and Social Change in India by Snehalata Panda – 1992 – Page 14</ref><ref>Encyclopaedia of women biography: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh by Nagendra Kr Singh – 2001</ref><ref name=or/> She attended the 1931 Karachi session of the Indian National Congress and, at that time, requested leaders to hold the next session in Orissa.<ref name=or/> In 1932 after her release from Hazaribagh jail, she was actively involved in [[Harijan]] welfare. She stated the ''Asprushyata Nibarana Samiti'' under instructions from Gandhiji, for the eradication of untouchability. The institution was later renamed the ''Harijan Sewa Sangha''.<ref name=or/> She was closely involved in Gandhiji's 1932 and 1934 visits to Orissa as well as the visits of, [[Kasturba]], [[Sardar Patel]], [[Rajendra Prasad]], [[Maulana Azad]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and others.<ref name=or/> She started an Ashram at Bari, Orissa which Gandhiji named ''Sewaghar''.<ref name=or/> During the Quit India Movement of 1942, members of Rama Devi's entire family, including her husband, Gopabandhu Choudhury, were arrested.<ref name=or/> After the death of [[Kasturba Gandhi]], [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhji]] assigned her work as the representative of the Orissa chapter of the Kasturba Trust.<ref name=or/>

==Role after independence of India==
After the [[Independence of India]] in 1947, Rama Devi dedicated herself to the cause of [[Bhoodan]] and [[Gramdan]] movement of [[Acharya Vinoba Bhave]].<ref name="Chowdhry1992">{{cite book|author=Dharam Paul Chowdhry|title=Profile of voluntary action in social welfare and development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqFIAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=22 April 2011|year=1992|publisher=Siddhartha Publishers|isbn=978-81-85464-01-5}}. ''In 1952 the Bhoodan and Gramdan movement claimed the services of both Mrs. Rama Devi and her...''</ref> In 1952 she along with her husband she travelled on foot about 4000 kilometres across the state to propagate the message of giving land and wealth to the landless and poor.<ref name="Chowdhry1992"/><ref>Orissa Review 1990 – Volume 47 – Page 14 "commencement of the Salt Satyagraha, the women leaders like Rama Devi, Sarala Devi, Malatl Devi and Kiran Bala Sen made efforts for the active participation of women in this satyagraha. Led by Rama Devi and Malati Devi, fifteen hundred ..."</ref><ref>Reflections on the National Movement in Orissa 1997 "Malati Devi protest meeting was held and a big procession was organised at Cuttack on 7th May, 1930. During this time prominent women leaders of Orissa like Rama Devi, Malati Devi and Sarala Devi were arrested. On 25th September ..."</ref><ref>B. S. Chandrababu, L. Thilagavathi Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation 2009 – Page 313 "Rama Devi was married at the age of fourteen, in 1914 to [[Gopabandru Choudhury]], who was working as a Deputy ... the Civil Disobedience Movement when the top leaders were imprisoned, Rama Devi acted as the 'Dictator' of the Orissa ..."</ref><ref>Subhas Chandra Parida, Sasmita Nayak Empowerment of Women in India – 2009 Page 197 "... Women political leaders like Basant Manjari Devi (Rajamata of Ranapur), Rama Devi and Malati Choudhury (social ..."</ref><ref>Sachidananda Mohanty – Early Women's Writings in Orissa, 1898–1950: A Lost Tradition 2005 "Rama. Devi. 1889–1985. Daughter of Gopal Ballabha Das, younger brother of Madhusudan D:is. the eminent Oriya nationalist, Rama Devi received no formal schooling. She was married to Gopabandhu Choudhury at the age of 14. ..."</ref> From 1928, Rama Devi stayed in the Alaka Ashram at [[Jagatsingpur]].<ref>Atul Chandra Pradhan, Ashok Kumar Patnaik, Utkal University. Post-graduate Dept. of History People's movements in Orissa during the colonial era – 1994– Page 149 "In the process they had paved the way towards building of a new society in Orissa based on Gandhians ideals. From 1928 Rama Devi had stayed in the Alaka Ashram at Jagatsingpur and had participated in all the activities of the Ashram."</ref>

She helped set up the Utkal Khadi Mandal and also established a Teachers' Training Centre and [[Balwadi]] at [[Ramchandrapur]]. In 1950 she set up a Tribal Welfare Centre at [[Dumburugeda]]. During the 1951 famine she and Malati worked in famine relief in [[Koraput]]. She worked to aid soldiers affected by the [[Indo-Chinese War]] of 1962.

During [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] she protested by bringing out her own newspaper along with [[Harekrushna Mahatab]] and [[Nilamani Routray]].<ref name=or>[http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/April2006/engpdf/freedom_struggle_%20and%20rama%20devi_.pdf Freedom Struggle and Rama Devi] Orissa Review April 2006</ref> The Gram Sevak Press, was banned by the government and was arrested along with other leaders from Orissa like [[Nabakrushna Choudhuri|Nabakrushna Choudhury]], Harekrushna Mahatab, Manmohan Chowdhury, Smt. [[Annapurna Moharana]], Jaykrushana Mohanty, and others.<ref>Orissa: the dazzle from within (art, craft and culture of ...by G. K. Ghosh – 1993 – – Page 37</ref>

She established a primary school, ''Shishu Vihar'' and a cancer hospital at [[Cuttack]].<ref name=or/>

==Honours==
In recognition of her services to the nation, Ramadevi was awarded the [[Jamnalal Bajaj Award]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2010 |publisher=[[Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation]]}}</ref><ref name="CouncilSangh1982">{{cite book|author1=British Empire Leprosy Relief Association. Indian Council|author2=Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh|title=Leprosy in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlU2AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=22 April 2011|date=1 January 1982|publisher=Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh}}. ''JAMNALAL BAJAJ AWARDS, 1981 The Jamnalal Bajaj Awards are given every year for outstanding contributions in any one or more ... Award III was awarded to Smt. Ramadevi Gopabandhu Choudhuri ofCuttackfor her outstanding contribution to the ...''</ref> on 4 November 1981 and the Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris causa) by [[Utkal University]] on 16 April 1984.

==Memorials==
[[Rama Devi Women's University]] at [[Bhubaneshwar]] is named in her memory. It is the first women's university in eastern India, established as such since 2015. There is a museum dedicated to her within the university premises.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rdwu.org/ |title=Ramadevi Womens University |access-date=26 May 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224192517/http://www.rdwu.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The school – Shishu Vihar – started by her at [[Cuttack]] is now named Ramadevi Shishu Vihar.<ref>[http://www.graduates.com/ss/517940 rmss]</ref>

==Death==
She died on 22 July 1985 at the age of 85.<ref name=or/>



==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rdwc.org/rama.asp Ma Rama Devi Biography] at Rama Devi Women's college website.
* [http://www.odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/August-2008/engpdf/24-25.pdf ''Rama Devi : An Epitome of Women Emancipation'']. Govt. of Orissa website
* [http://www.odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/aug2005/engpdf/rama%20devi.pdf ''Rama Devi : The New Light Among the Women Freedom Fighters of Modern Orissa'']. Orissa Review, August 2005

{{Jamnalal Bajaj Award winners}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Ramadevi}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack district]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Women in Odisha politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian social scientists]]
[[Category:Activists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odia-language writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Scholars from Odisha]]
[[Category:Social workers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Women educators from Odisha]]
[[Category:Educators from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]

Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University

2026-02-08T13:12:21Z

Ovfanclub786: cleaned up lead also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Government medical university centered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
| other_name = TNMGRMU
| motto = Health for All
| motto_lang = [[English language|English]]
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| established = {{start date and age|df=y|1987|09|24}}
| founder = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]
| vice_chancellor = K. Narayanasamy
| address = 69, [[Anna Salai]], [[Guindy]]
| city = [[Chennai]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| postalcode = 600032
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0099|80.2182|display=inline,title}}
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_size = 
| language = [[English language|English]]
| website = {{url|http://tnmgrmu.ac.in/}}
| logo = File:Tnmgrmu logo(2).svg
| image = Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University logo.png
| image_size = 180px
}}
[[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the 30th Convocation of Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, in Chennai.JPG|thumb|The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu at the 30th Convocation of Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, in Chennai.]]

The '''Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University''' ('''TNMGRMU''') is a government medical university situated in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is one of the premier medical universities in India, named after the former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]], and it is the second largest health sciences university in India.

==History==
{{multiple image
|background color = #E5F4EA
|align = right
|caption_align = center
|direction = vertical
|width = 202
|image1 = MG Ramachandran 2017 stamp of India.jpg
|caption1 = '''Dr. M.G. Ramachandran''' Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
}}
On 5 July 1983, the members of the high-level committee, consisting of S. Arumugam, M. Natarajan, and S. Kameswaran, submitted the proposals to the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (M.G.R.), in the presence of the [[Department of Health and Family Welfare (Tamil Nadu)|minister for health and family welfare of Tamil Nadu]] [[H. V. Hande]], to start a separate medical university in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About The University|url=https://www.tnmgrmu.ac.in/index.php/the-university.html|website=tnmgrmu.ac.in|access-date=7 August 2019}}</ref>

On 24 September 1987, the ''Tamil Nadu Medical University Act, 1987'', received the assent of the [[president of the Republic of India]] [[R. Venkataraman]]. This affiliated university started functioning in July 1988 and is governed by the said act. In 1991, chief minister of Tamil Nadu [[M. Karunanidhi]] named the university after the former [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. G. Ramachandran]] (M.G.R.), through ''The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai Act, 1987''.

The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University is the only medical university in [[Tamil Nadu]] capable of granting affiliation to new medical and paramedical colleges, government- or self-financed, and awarding degrees. Until 1988, all degrees in health sciences in Tamil Nadu were awarded by the [[University of Madras]].

==Administration==
The [[chancellor]] and [[pro-chancellor]] of the university are the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu|governor]] and the [[Department of Health and Family Welfare (Tamil Nadu)|minister for health and family welfare of Tamil Nadu]], respectively. The [[Chancellor (education)#Vice-chancellor|vice-chancellor]] is the main academic officer and administrator in the everyday functioning of the university and is appointed by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Future==
The university is planning to set up a 500-bed hospital on four acres of land on the outskirts of the [[Raj Bhavan, Chennai|Raj Bhavan]] campus, with 300 beds set to be installed in the first year.<ref>{{Cite news |title=MGR Medical University to set up hospital in Raj Bhavan |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-08/chennai/28299661_1_medical-council-chancellor-mgr-medical-university |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927051104/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-08/chennai/28299661_1_medical-council-chancellor-mgr-medical-university |archive-date=2012-09-27 |access-date=2025-08-15 |work=The Times Of India |language=en}}</ref>

==List of vice-chancellors==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Name
!colspan=3|Term in office
|-
!Assumed office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
!1
|Lalitha Kameswaran
|12 July 1988
|11 July 1992
|3 years, 365 days
|-
!2
|B. P. Rajan
|27 July 1992
|21 January 1996
|3 years, 178 days
|-
!3
|D. Raja
|22 January 1996
|21 January 1999
|2 years, 364 days
|-
!4
|K. Ananda Kannan
|21 January 1999
|7 February 2002
|3 years, 17 days
|-
!5
|C. V. Bhirmanandham
|8 February 2002
|27 July 2006
|4 years, 169 days
|-
!6
|K. Meer Mustafa Hussain
|27 November 2006
|26 November 2009
|2 years, 364 days
|-
!7
|N. Mayil Vahanan
|11 December 2009
|10 December 2012
|2 years, 365 days
|-
!8
|D. Shantharam
|13 December 2012
|12 December 2015
|2 years, 364 days
|-
!9
|S. Geethalakshmi
|28 December 2015
|27 December 2018
|2 years, 364 days
|-
!10
|Sudha Seshayyan
|31 December 2018
|30 December 2022
|3 years, 364 days
|-
!11
|K. Narayanasamy
|29 May 2023
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2023|05|29}}
|}

==Affiliated private medical colleges==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats(MBBS)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mciindia.org/CMS/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs | website=Mciindia.org | title=List of college teaching MBBS | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725072746/https://www.mciindia.org/CMS/information-desk/for-students-to-study-in-india/list-of-college-teaching-mbbs | archive-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> !! Stream
|-
|1
| [[Christian Medical College]] || [[Thorapadi, Vellore|Thorapadi]] || [[Vellore]] || 1900 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|2
| [[PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research]] || [[Peelamedu]] || [[Coimbatore]] || 1985 || 150|| Allopathy
|-
|3
| Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences || [[Kulasekaram]] || [[Kanyakumari]] || 2006 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|4
| Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research || [[Melmaruvathur]] || [[Kancheepuram]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|5
| Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center|| [[Maduranthakam]] || [[Chengalpattu]] || 2009 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|6
| Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre || [[Irungalur]] || [[Tiruchirapalli]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|7
| Sri Muthukumaran Medical College || [[Mangadu]] || [[Chennai]] || 2009 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|8
| Tagore Medical College & Hospital || [[Vandalur]] || [[Chennai]] || 2010 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|9
| Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College & Hospital || [[Siruvachur]] || [[Perambalur]] || 2011 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|10
| Madha Medical College & Hospital || [[Thandalam, Chennai|Thandalam]] || [[Chennai]] || 2011 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|11
| Annapoorna Medical College & Hospital || [[Veerapandi, Salem|Veerapandi]] || [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] || 2011 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|12
| Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences & Research || [[Othakalmandapam]] || [[Coimbatore]] || 2012 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|13
| Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute || Velammal Village || [[Madurai]] || 2012 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|14
| KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research || Coimbatore || [[Coimbatore]] || 2019 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|15
| Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute || [[Poonamallee]] || [[Chennai]] || 2020 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|16
| St.Peter's Medical College Hospital & Research Institute || Bathalapalli || [[Hosur]] || 2021 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|}

== Government Medical Colleges (Allopathy)==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. of Seats(MBBS) !! Stream
|-
|01
| [[Madras Medical College]] and Rajiv Gandhi General Hospital || [[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]] || [[Chennai]] || 1835 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|02
| [[Stanley Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Washermanpet]] || [[Chennai]] || 1938 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|03
| [[Kilpauk Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Kilpauk]] || [[Chennai]] || 1960 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|04
| Government Medical College (Omandurar Government Estate) and [[Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Speciality Hospital]] || [[Triplicane]] || [[Chennai]] || 2015 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|05
| Government [[Chengalpattu Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Chengalpattu]] || [[Kanchipuram]] || 1965 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|06
| [[Government Dharmapuri Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Dharmapuri]] || [[Dharmapuri]] || 2008 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|07
| Government [[Madurai Medical College]] and Rajaji Hospital || [[Madurai]] || [[Madurai]] || 1954 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|08
| [[K.A.P.Viswanatham Government Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Trichy]] || [[Trichy]] || 1997 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|09
| Government [[Thanjavur Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Thanjavur]] || [[Thanjavur]] || 1958 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|10
| Government [[Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] || [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] || 1986 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|11
| Government [[Thoothukudi Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Thoothukudi]] || [[Thoothukudi]] || 2001 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|12
| [[Kanyakumari Government Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Nagercoil]] || [[Kanyakumari]] || 2001 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|13
| [[Government Vellore Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Adukkamparai]] || [[Vellore]] || 2005 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|14
| [[Government Tiruvannamalai Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Thiruvannamalai]] || [[Thiruvannamalai]] || 2013 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|15
| Government Karur Medical College and Hospital || [[Karur]] || [[Karur]] || 2019 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|16
| Government [[Theni Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Theni]] || [[Theni]] || 2004 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|17
| Government [[Coimbatore Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Peelamedu]] || [[Coimbatore]] || 1966 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|18
| Government [[Tirunelveli Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Palayamkottai]] || [[Tirunelveli]] || 1965 || 250 || Allopathy
|-
|19
| [[Government Sivagangai Medical College and Hospital]] || Melavaniyankudi || [[Sivagangai]] || 2012 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|20
| Government Thiruvarur Medical College and Hospital || [[Thiruvarur]] || [[Thiruvarur]] || 2010 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|21
| [[Government Villupuram Medical College]] and Hospital || [[Mundiyampakkam]] || [[Villupuram]] || 2010 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|22
| [[Government Pudukkottai Medical College and Hospital]] || [[Pudukottai]] || [[Pudukottai]] || 2017 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|23
| Government Dindigul Medical College and Hospital || [[Dindigul]] || [[Dindigul]] || 2021 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|24
| Government Namkkal Medical College and Hospital || [[Namakkal]] || [[Namakkal]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|25
| Government Ramanathapuram Medical College and Hospital || [[Ramanathapuram]] || [[Ramanathapuram]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|26
| Government Virudhunagar Medical College and Hospital || [[Virudhunagar]] || [[Virudhunagar]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|27
| [[The Nilgiris Government Medical College and Hospital|Government Ooty Medical College and Hospital]]|| [[Ooty]] || [[Nilgiris]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|28
| Government Tiruppur Medical College and Hospital || [[Tiruppur]] || [[Tiruppur]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|29
| Government Krishnagiri Medical College and Hospital || [[Krishnagiri]] || [[Krishnagiri]] || 2008 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|30
| Government Nagapattinam Medical College and Hospital || [[Nagapattinam]] || [[Nagapattinam]] || 2022 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|31
| Government Thiruvallur Medical College and Hospital || [[Thiruvallur]] || [[Thiruvallur]] || 2009 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|32
| Government Ariyalur Medical College and Hospital || [[Ariyalur]] || [[Ariyalur]] || 2009 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|33
| Government Kallakurichi Medical College and Hospital || [[Kallakurichi]] || [[Kallakurichi]] || 2009 || 150 || Allopathy
|-
|34
|Government Erode Medical and Hospital
|Perundurai
|Erode
|1992
|100
|Allopathy
|-
|35
|Government Cuddalore Medical and Hospital
|Chidambaram
|Cuddalore
|1985
|150
|Allopathy
|-
|}

== Government Medical Colleges (Dental) ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. Of seats(BDS) !! Stream
|-
|36
| Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital|| [[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]] || [[Chennai]] || 1953 || 100 || Dental
|-
|37
|Government Cuddalore Dental College and hospital
|Chidambaram
|Cuddalore
|1980
|100
|Dental
|-
|}

== Government Medical Colleges (AYUSH) ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. Of seats(BNYS) !! Stream
|-
|38
| Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital|| [[Arumbakkam]] || [[Chennai]] || 2000 || 60 || Yoga and Naturopathy
|-
|39
| Government Unani Medical College and Hospital|| [[Arumbakkam]] || [[Chennai]] || 1979 || 60 || Unani
|-
|40
| Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital|| [[Arumbakkam]] || [[Chennai]] || 1985 || 60 || Siddha
|-
|41
| Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital|| [[Palayamkottai]] || [[Tirunelveli]] || 1964 || 100 || Siddha
|-
|42
| Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital|| [[Palani]] || [[Palani]] || 2018 || - || Siddha
|-
|43
| Government Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital|| [[Nagercoil]] || [[Kanyakumari]] || 2009 || 60 || Ayurveda
|-
|44
| Government Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital|| [[Tirumangalam, Madurai|Thirumangalam]] || [[Madurai]] || 1987 || 50 || Homoeopathy
|-
|}

== Category B Government Aided Medical Colleges ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! College name !! Location !! District !! Established year !! No. Of seats(MBBS) !! Stream
|-
|45
| ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.esic.nic.in/medical/9/-chennai/tamil-nadu/esic-medical-college-pgimsr-k-k-nagar-chennai | title= Unknown}}{{Dead link | date=November 2024 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> || [[K.K. Nagar]] || [[Chennai]] || 2011 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|46
| Govt. Medical College & ESIC Hospital<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gmcesi.co.in/ |title=Home |website=gmcesi.co.in}}</ref> || [[Singanallur]] || [[Coimbatore]] || 2016 || 100 || Allopathy
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official|http://tnmgrmu.ac.in}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Health in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Chennai Topics|left}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Medical and health sciences universities in India]]
[[Category:Medical colleges in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Universities in Chennai]]
[[Category:Memorials to M G Ramachandran]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1987]]

West Indies women's cricket team in India and Pakistan in 2003–04

2026-02-04T23:22:01Z

Ovfanclub786: new the details needs work

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = West Indies women's cricket team in India in 2003–04
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg
| team2_name = West Indies
| from_date = 26 February
| to_date = 12 March 2004
| team1_captain = [[Mamatha Maben]]
| team2_captain = [[Stephanie Power]]
| no_of_ODIs = 5
| team1_ODIs_won = 5
| team2_ODIs_won = 0
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Jaya Sharma]] (223)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Nadine George]] (129)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Neetu David]] (15)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Philipa Thomas]] (6)
| player_of_ODI_series =
}}

The [[West Indies women's cricket team]] toured [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] between February and April 2004. They played [[India women's national cricket team|India]] in five One Day Internationals, which India won 5–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216 |title=West Indies Women tour of India 2003/04 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> They played [[Pakistan women's national cricket team|Pakistan]] in one Test match and seven One Day Internationals, with the Test ending as a draw and the West Indies winning the ODI series 5–2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214 |title=West Indies Women tour of Pakistan 2003/04 |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> The Test match was the last Test played by both Pakistan and the West Indies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283305.html |title=Records / Women's Test Matches / Team Records / Result Summary |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Pakistan [[Batting (cricket)|batter]] [[Kiran Baluch]] scored the highest ever score in [[Women's Test cricket]], with 242 in the first innings of the Test match, which the West Indies managed to draw after being asked to [[Follow-on|follow on]].<ref name="record">{{Cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/women/content/records/284261.html |title=Records / Women's Test Matches / Batting Records / Most Runs in an Innings |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==Tour of India==
===Squads===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! {{crw|IND}}<ref name="IND-squad">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=1004;team=1863;type=series |title=Records / West Indies Women in India Women's ODI Series, 2003/04 - India Women / Batting and Bowling Averages |access-date=11 June 2021 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|WIN}}<ref name="WI-squad">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=1004;team=3867;type=series |title=Records / West Indies Women in India Women's ODI Series, 2003/04 - West Indies Women / Batting and Bowling Averages |access-date=11 June 2021 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Mamatha Maben]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Nooshin Al Khadeer]]
* [[Anjum Chopra]]
* [[Diana David]]
* [[Neetu David]]
* [[Anju Jain]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Karu Jain]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Hemlata Kala]]
* [[Arundhati Kirkire]]
* [[Deepa Marathe]]
* [[Sunetra Paranjpe]]
* [[Mithali Raj]]
* [[Amita Sharma]]
* [[Jaya Sharma]]
|
* [[Stephanie Power]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]]) ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Candacy Atkins]]
* [[Felicia Cummings]]
* [[Verena Felicien]]
* [[Doris Francis]]
* [[Nadine George]]
* [[Indomatie Goordial-John]]
* [[Geneille Greaves]]
* [[Debbie-Ann Lewis]]
* [[Anisa Mohammed]]
* [[Juliana Nero]]
* [[Jacqueline Robinson]]
* [[Philipa Thomas]]
* [[Envis Williams]]
* [[Nelly Williams]]
|}

===WODI Series===
====1st ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 26 February 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 298/2 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jaya Sharma]] 97 (97)
| wickets1 = [[Felicia Cummings]] 1/48 (10 overs)
| score2 = 193 (49.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nadine George]] 53 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Neetu David]] 4/21 (9.5 overs)
| result = India Women won by 105 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-odi-67361/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Tata Digwadih Stadium]], [[Dhanbad]]
| umpires =
| motm = [[Jaya Sharma]] (Ind)
| toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Diana David]] (Ind) made her WODI debut.
}}
====2nd ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 February 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{crw|IND}}
| score1 = 161 (49.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nadine George]] 48 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Neetu David]] 5/20 (9.4 overs)
| score2 = 164/3 (41.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jaya Sharma]] 78 (127)
| wickets2 = [[Philipa Thomas]] 2/30 (9.3 overs)
| result = India Women won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-2nd-odi-66903/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Keenan Stadium]], [[Jamshedpur]]
| umpires = Abdul Azim (Ind) and Ravi Shankar (Ind)
| motm = [[Neetu David]] (Ind)
| toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====3rd ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 3 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 207/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anjum Chopra]] 36 (85)
| wickets1 = [[Philipa Thomas]] 3/35 (10 overs)
| score2 = 135 (47.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nelly Williams]] 41 (103)
| wickets2 = [[Nooshin Al Khadeer]] 4/22 (10 overs)
| result = India Women won by 72 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-3rd-odi-66906/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = Aniruddha Banerjee (Ind) and [[Aloke Bhattacharjee]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Nooshin Al Khadeer]] (Ind)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====4th ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 236/3 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mithali Raj]] 88 (78)
| wickets1 = [[Indomatie Goordial-John]] 1/31 (8 overs)
| score2 = 127 (47.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Verena Felicien]] 24 (58)
| wickets2 = [[Neetu David]] 3/32 (10 overs)
| result = India Women won by 109 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-4th-odi-67144/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow|K. D. Singh Babu Stadium]], [[Lucknow]]
| umpires = RP Singh (Ind) and [[Satish Gupta]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mithali Raj]] (Ind)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Karu Jain]] (Ind) made her WODI debut.
}}
====5th ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 256/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Arundhati Kirkire]] 106 (118)
| wickets1 = [[Jacqueline Robinson]] 2/53 (8 overs)
| score2 = 86 (35.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Verena Felicien]] 19 (71)
| wickets2 = [[Mamantha Maben]] 4/23 (6 overs)
| result = India Women won by 170 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214/india-women-vs-west-indies-women-5th-odi-67362/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Tau Devi Lal Stadium]], [[Gurgaon]]
| umpires = Arun Bharadwaj (Ind) and [[Rajan Seth]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Arundhati Kirkire]] (Ind)
| toss = India Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Tour of Pakistan==
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = West Indies women's cricket team in Pakistan in 2003–04
| team1_image = Flag of Pakistan.svg
| team1_name = Pakistan
| team2_image = WestIndiesCricketFlagPre1999.svg
| team2_name = West Indies
| from_date = 15 March
| to_date = 2 April 2004
| team1_captain = [[Shaiza Khan]]
| team2_captain = [[Stephanie Power]]
| no_of_tests = 1
| team1_tests_won = 0
| team2_tests_won = 0
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Kiran Baluch]] (264)
| team2_tests_most_runs = [[Nadine George]] (140)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Shaiza Khan]] (13)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Felicia Cummings]] (4)
| player_of_test_series =
| no_of_ODIs = 7
| team1_ODIs_won = 2
| team2_ODIs_won = 5
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Kiran Baluch]] (242)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Verena Felicien]] (167)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Urooj Mumtaz]] (11)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Verena Felicien]] (14)
| player_of_ODI_series =
}}

===Squads===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! {{crw|PAK}}<ref name="PAK-squad">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=1005;team=3022;type=series |title=Records / West Indies Women in Pakistan Women's ODI Series, 2003/04 - Pakistan Women / Batting and Bowling Averages |access-date=11 June 2021 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
! {{crw|WIN}}<ref name="WI-squad2">{{cite web |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=1005;team=3867;type=series |title=Records / West Indies Women in Pakistan Women's ODI Series, 2003/04 - West Indies Women / Batting and Bowling Averages |access-date=11 June 2021 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Shaiza Khan]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Zehmarad Afzal]]
* [[Mariam Agha]]
* [[Mariam Anwar]]
* [[Kiran Baluch]]
* [[Maryam Butt]]
* [[Sadia Butt]]
* [[Batool Fatima]] ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Khursheed Jabeen]]
* [[Shabana Latif]]
* [[Urooj Mumtaz]]
* [[Nazia Nazir]]
* [[Sajjida Shah]]
|
* [[Stephanie Power]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]]) ([[wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Candacy Atkins]]
* [[Felicia Cummings]]
* [[Verena Felicien]]
* [[Doris Francis]]
* [[Nadine George]]
* [[Indomatie Goordial-John]]
* [[Geneille Greaves]]
* [[Debbie-Ann Lewis]]
* [[Anisa Mohammed]]
* [[Juliana Nero]]
* [[Jacqueline Robinson]]
* [[Philipa Thomas]]
* [[Envis Williams]]
* [[Nelly Williams]]
|}

===Only Test===
{{Test match
|date = 15 – 18 March 2004
|team1 = {{crw-rt|PAK}}
|team2 = {{crw|WIN}}

|score-team1-inns1 = 426/7[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (166 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 242 (488)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Felicia Cummings]] 4/54 (24 overs)

|score-team2-inns1 = 147 (56 overs)
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Verena Felicien]] 47 (–)
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Shaiza Khan]] 7/59 (16 overs)

|score-team1-inns2 = 58/2 (23 overs)
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 22 (–)
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Envis Williams]] 1/8 (4 overs)

|score-team2-inns2 = 440 (146 overs) ([[follow-on|f/o]])
|runs-team2-inns2 = [[Nadine George]] 118 (185)
|wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shaiza Khan]] 6/167 (55 overs)

|result = Match drawn
|venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
|umpires = Arif Ali (Pak) and [[Riazuddin (umpire)|Riazuddin]] (Pak)
|motm =
|report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-only-test-67521/full-scorecard Scorecard]
|toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to field.
|rain =
|notes = [[Mariam Anwar]], [[Mariam Butt]], [[Batool Fatima]], [[Urooj Mumtaz]], (Pak) [[Candacy Atkins]], [[Felicia Cummings]], [[Verena Felicien]], [[Doris Francis]], [[Nadine George]], [[Indomatie Goordial-John]], [[Geneille Greaves]], [[Juliana Nero]], [[Stephanie Power]], [[Jacqueline Robinson]] and [[Envis Williams]] (WI) all made their WTest debuts.
* [[Kiran Baluch]]'s 242 is the highest score in Women's Test cricket.<ref name="record"/>
}}

===WODI Series===
====1st ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 142/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Batool Fatima]] 36 (92)
| wickets1 = [[Philipa Thomas]] 2/30 (10 overs)
| score2 = 143/3 (37 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nelly Williams]] 53 (112)
| wickets2 = [[Khursheed Jabeen]] 1/11 (3 overs)
| result = West Indies Women won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-1st-odi-67298/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[National Stadium, Karachi|National Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Islam Khan (umpire)|Islam Khan]] (Pak) and [[Shakeel Khan (umpire)|Shakeel Khan]] (Pak)
| motm =
| toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Mariam Agha]], [[Mariam Anwar]] and [[Urooj Mumtaz]] (Pak) all made their WODI debuts.
}}
====2nd ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{crw|PAK}}
| score1 = 194 (49.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Nadine George]] 44 (54)
| wickets1 = [[Urooj Mumtaz]] 5/33 (10 overs)
| score2 = 134 (43.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 34 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Verena Felicien]] 3/23 (7 overs)
| result = West Indies Women won by 60 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-2nd-odi-67363/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Asghar Ali Shah Cricket Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Islam Khan (umpire)|Islam Khan]] (Pak) and Mohammad Dars (Pak)
| motm = [[Urooj Mumtaz]] (Pak)
| toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====3rd ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 160/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shaiza Khan]] 30[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets1 = [[Envis Williams]] 2/24 (10 overs)
| score2 = 140 (47.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nadine George]] 34 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Shaiza Khan]] 4/24 (9 overs)
| result = Pakistan Women won by 20 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-3rd-odi-67366/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Karachi Gymkhana]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Feroze Butt]] (Pak) and Rooh-ul-Hasan (Pak)
| motm = [[Shaiza Khan]] (Pak)
| toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====4th ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 163/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 47 (80)
| wickets1 = [[Indomatie Goordial-John]] 1/23 (8 overs)
| score2 = 159 (49.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Envis Williams]] 26 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Urooj Mumtaz]] 2/21 (6 overs)
| result = Pakistan Women won by 4 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-4th-odi-67364/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Asghar Ali Shah Cricket Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = Junaid Ghafoor (Pak) and [[Khalid Mahmood (umpire)|Khalid Mahmood]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Kiran Baluch]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====5th ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 29 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|WIN}}
| team2 = {{crw|PAK}}
| score1 = 186 (49.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Verena Felicien]] 49 (99)
| wickets1 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 2/36 (9.4 overs)
| score2 = 140 (50 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 41 (97)
| wickets2 = [[Verena Felicien]] 4/21 (8 overs)
| result = West Indies Women won by 46 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-5th-odi-67367/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Karachi Gymkhana]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Feroze Butt]] (Pak) and [[Khalid Mahmood (umpire)|Khalid Mahmood]] (Pak)
| motm = [[Verena Felicien]] (WI)
| toss = West Indies Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====6th ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 31 March 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 100 (45.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Batool Fatima]] 27 (101)
| wickets1 = [[Envis Williams]] 3/9 (5.1 overs)
| score2 = 102/5 (42.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Verena Felicien]] 30[[not out|*]] (111)
| wickets2 = [[Shaiza Khan]] 3/28 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies Women won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-6th-odi-67368/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Karachi Gymkhana]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Afzaal Ahmed]] (Pak) and Mohammad Ashgar (Pak)
| motm = [[Verena Felicien]] (WI)
| toss = Pakistan Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
====7th ODI====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 2 April 2004
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = {{crw-rt|PAK}}
| team2 = {{crw|WIN}}
| score1 = 139/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 61 (84)
| wickets1 = [[Verena Felicien]] 3/25 (8 overs)
| score2 = 143/6 (47.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nelly Williams]] 30 (90)
| wickets2 = [[Kiran Baluch]] 2/21 (10 overs)
| result = West Indies Women won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216/pakistan-women-vs-west-indies-women-7th-odi-67365/full-scorecard Scorecard]
| venue = [[Asghar Ali Shah Cricket Stadium]], [[Karachi]]
| umpires = [[Feroze Butt]] (Pak) and Junaid Ghafoor (Pak)
| motm = [[Kiran Baluch]] (WI)
| toss = Pakistan Women won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-india-2003-04-62214 West Indies Women tour of India 2003/04] from [[Cricinfo]]
*[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-women-tour-of-pakistan-2003-04-62216 West Indies Women tour of Pakistan 2003/04] from [[Cricinfo]]

{{India women's national cricket team}}
{{Pakistan women's national cricket team}}
{{West Indies women's cricket team}}
{{International women's cricket tours of Pakistan}}
{{International cricket in 2003–04}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:West Indies women's cricket team in India and Pakistan in 2003-04}}
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of India]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket competitions in Pakistan]]
[[Category:West Indies women's cricket team tours]]
[[Category:2004 in women's cricket]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of Pakistan]]
[[Category:2004 in Pakistani women's sport]]

Lakkireddypalli mandal

2026-01-25T04:32:27Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up new post - done

{{Short description|Mandal in Annamayya district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakkireddypalli mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Rayachoti revenue division|Rayachoti]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}

'''Lakkireddypalli mandal''' is one of the 30 [[mandal]]s in [[Annamayya district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Rayachoti revenue division]]. The mandal used to be a part of [[Kadapa district]] and was made part of the newly formed Annamayya district on 4 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-17 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Kadapa man dies in Kuwait prison |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-kadapa-man-dies-in-kuwait-prison/article65234567.ece |access-date=2022-04-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Annamayya district}}

[[Category:Mandals in Annamayya district]]

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy

2026-01-18T16:45:31Z

Ovfanclub786:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2025-26 Vijay Hazare Trophy
| image =Vijay Hazare Trophy.jpg
| caption =
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[List A cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] then [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| fromdate = 24 December 2025
| todate = 18 January 2026
| champions = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| runner up = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| count = 1
| participants = 38
| matches = 135
| player of the series = [[Aman Mokhade]] (Vidarbha)
| most runs = Aman Mokhade (814) (Vidarbha)
| most wickets = Ankur Panwar (25) (Saurashtra)
| previous_year = 2024–25
| previous_tournament = 2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy
| next_year =
| next_tournament =
| website = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/318/vijay-hazare-trophy-elite Vijay Hazare Trophy Elite] [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/342/vijay-hazare-trophy-plate Vijay Hazare Trophy Plate]
}}

The '''2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy''' was the 33rd edition of the [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]], an annual [[List A cricket|List A]] tournament in India.<ref>{{Cite web |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2025 |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy: full schedule, groups, teams |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-schedule-groups-teams/article70428705.ece |language=en-IN}}</ref> The tournament took place from 24 December 2025 to 18 January 2026 and featured all 38 teams from the [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/134636/bcci-announce-changes-to-indian-cricket-domestic-structure-cricbuzzcom|title=BCCI announce changes to Indian cricket domestic structure|work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-23 |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy 2025–26: Groups, teams, venues, telecast details — All you need to know as Virat Kohli, Rohit Sharma return to domestic grind |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/vijay-hazare-trophy-202526-groups-teams-venues-telecast-details-all-you-need-to-know-as-virat-kohli-rohit-sharma-return-to-domestic-grind/articleshow/126135339.cms |access-date=2025-12-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The teams are divided into four elite groups, consisting of eight teams each and one plate group comprising six teams.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-23 |title=Vijay Hazare Trophy 2025-26: Teams, key squads, groups, live streaming info |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-squads-groups-rohit-kohli-live-streaming-10434639/ |access-date=23 December 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The tournament was a part of the 2025–26 Indian domestic cricket season, as announced by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/bcci-announces-2025-26-domestic-cricket-season-full-schedule-groups-dates-and-key-changes/articleshow/121859997.cms |title=BCCI announces 2025-26 domestic cricket season|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 June 2025}}</ref> {{cr-IND|kar}} were the defending champions.

In the final {{cr-IND|vid}} defeated {{cr-IND|sau}} by 38 runs to win their maiden title.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 January 2026 |title=Vidarbha exorcise 2025 final demons to clinch maiden Vijay Hazare Trophy title |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/vidarbha-win-maiden-vijay-hazare-trophy-2026-atharva-taide-century-2853981-2026-01-18 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=18 January 2026 |title=Atharva Taide’s century sets up Vidarbha’s maiden Vijay Hazare Trophy title win |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/vijay-hazare-trophy-final-vidarbha-maiden-title-saurashtra-taide-champion-stats-records-latest/article70522806.ece |website=Sportstar}}</ref>

==Format==
The teams are divided into two categories: one named the Elite category, which has 32 teams split into four groups, and one called the Plate category, which has 6 teams in one group. The Elite category teams play each other once, with the top two teams from each group qualifying for the quarter-finals. In the Plate Group, teams also play each other once, but the top two teams qualify for the plate group final. The Plate winner will be promoted to the Elite group for the next season, 2026–27, while the bottom one team of all four Elite groups combined, factoring in both points and the nrr, will be relegated to the Plate group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/bcci-make-big-change-to-ranji-trophy-format-for-2025-26-season-8668389 |title=BCCI Make Big Change To Ranji Trophy Format For 2025-26 Season|work=[[NDTV Sports]]|date=14 June 2025|access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Points system
|-
! Match result
! Points earned
|-
| Win || 4
|-
| No Result || 2
|-
| Loss|| 0
|}

== Participants ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap"
! Group A
! Group B
! Group C
! Group D
! Plate Group
|-
| {{cr-IND|kar}}
| {{cr-IND|vid}}
| {{cr-IND|mah}}
| {{cr-IND|har}}
| {{cr-IND|nag}}
|-
| {{cr-IND|raj}}
| {{cr-IND|bar}}
| {{cr-IND|pun}}
| {{cr-IND|guj}}
| {{cr-IND|bih}}
|-
| {{cr-IND|tn}}
| {{cr-IND|ben}}
| {{cr-IND|mum}}
| {{cr-IND|rai}}
| {{cr-IND|miz}}
|-
| {{cr-IND|jha}}
| {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| {{cr-IND|hp}}
| {{cr-IND|and}}
| {{cr-IND|meg}}
|-
| {{cr-IND|mp}}
| {{cr-IND|up}}
| {{cr-IND|utt}}
| {{cr-IND|sau}}
| {{cr-IND|man}}
|-
| {{cr-IND|pon}}
| {{cr-IND|ass}}
| {{cr-IND|goa}}
| {{cr-IND|del}}
| {{cr-IND|ap}}
|-
| {{cr-IND|ker}}
| {{cr-IND|cha}}
| {{cr-IND|chh}}
| {{cr-IND|odi}}
| -
|-
| {{cr-IND|tri}}
| {{cr-IND|jak}}
| {{cr-IND|sik}}
| {{cr-IND|ser}}
| -
|}

==Standings==
=== Group A ===
{{#section:Template:2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy|Group A}}
=== Group B ===
{{#section:Template:2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy|Group B}}
=== Group C ===
{{#section:Template:2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy|Group C}}
=== Group D ===
{{#section:Template:2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy|Group D}}
=== Plate Group ===
{{#section:Template:2025–26 Vijay Hazare Trophy|Plate Group}}

== Fixtures ==
===Group A===
==== Round 1 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| score1 = 412/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 413/5 (47.3 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/jharkhand-vs-karnataka-elite-group-a-1492668/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground,, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| score1 = 287/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 188 (43.2 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 99 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/madhya-pradesh-vs-rajasthan-elite-group-a-1492667/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| score1 = 310/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 209 (46.5 overs)
| result = Tamil Nadu won by 101 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/puducherry-vs-tamil-nadu-elite-group-a-1492666/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = Abhijit Bhattacharya and [[Amit Rana]]
| motm =
| toss = Puducherry won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = Siddhant Addhatrao, Adil Ayub Tunda, Vedant Bhardwaj (Puducherry), Sachin Rathi and Sunny Sandhu (Tamil Nadu) all made their List A debuts.
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| score1 = 348/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 203 (36.5 overs)
| result = Kerala won by 145 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/kerala-vs-tripura-elite-group-a-1492669/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}

==== Round 2 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| score1 = 301 (50 overs)
| score2 = 228 (50 overs)
| result = Jharkhand won by 73 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492686.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| score1 = 284/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 285/2 (48.2 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492688.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| score1 = 280 (49.3 overs)
| score2 = 283/8 (49.2 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 2 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492685.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| score1 = 150 (41.3 overs)
| score2 = 151/3 (32.3 overs)
| result = Tripura won by 7 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492687.html Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}

==== Round 3 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| score1 = 368/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 235 (41.4 overs)
| result = Jharkhand won by 133 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492706.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| score1 = 288 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 293/6 (47.1 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492704.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| score1 = 286 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 220 (44.2 overs)
| result = Tripura won by 66 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492705.html Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| score1 = 214 (46.1 overs)
| score2 = 167 (40.1 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 47 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492707.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}

==== Round 4 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 Voucher
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| score1 = 243 (45 overs)
| score2 = 244/1 (41 overs)
| result = Jharkhand won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492723.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| score1 = 363/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 296 (50 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 67 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492725.html Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| score1 = 343/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 348/8 (50 overs)
| result = Kerala won by 2 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492724.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| score1 = 286/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 287/6 (44 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492726.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}

==== Round 5 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| score1 = 311/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 313/2 (42.3 overs)
| result = Kerala won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492743.html Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| score1 = 225 (46.5 overs)
| score2 = 215 (41.4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan won by 10 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492742.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| score1 = 332/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 252 (49 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 80 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492745.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| score1 = 228 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 229/6 (43 overs)
| result = Puducherry won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492744.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}

==== Round 6 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| score1 = 277 (48.4 overs)
| score2 = 278/8 (47.4 overs)
| result = Jharkhand won by 2 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492763.html Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| score1 = 324/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 174 (38 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 150 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492762.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]] [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| score1 = 259/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 205 (42.4 overs)
| result = Tamil Nadu won by 54 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492761.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| score1 = 247 (47.4 overs)
| score2 = 252/2 (29 overs)
| result = Kerala won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492764.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}

==== Round 7 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jha}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tri}}
| score1 = 320 (50 overs)
| score2 = 123 (31.1 overs)
| result = Tripura won by 197 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492780.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gujarat College Ground]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| score1 = 207 (47.4 overs)
| score2 = 208/3 (23.2 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 7 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492781.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|raj}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pon}}
| score1 = 269/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 137 (26.5 overs)
| result = Rajasthan won by 132 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492779.html Scorecard]
| venue = Narendra Modi Stadium B Ground, [[Motera]], [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|tn}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ker}}
| score1 = 294/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 217 (40.2 overs)
| result = Tamil Nadu won by 77 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492778.html Scorecard]
| venue = ADSA Railways Cricket Ground, [[Ahmedabad]]
}}
===Group B===
==== Round 1 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| score1 = 382/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 383/7 (48.5 overs)
| result = Bengal won by 3 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/bengal-vs-vidarbha-elite-group-b-1492673/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| score1 = 282 (48.4 overs)
| score2 = 283/5 (47.5 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/assam-vs-baroda-elite-group-b-1492671/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| score1 = 324/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 240 (43 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 84 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/hyderabad-india-vs-uttar-pradesh-elite-group-b-1492672/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| score1 = 208 (39.5 overs)
| score2 = 209/0 (37 overs)
| result = Jammu & Kashmir won by 10 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/chandigarh-vs-jammu-kashmir-elite-group-b-1492670/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}

==== Round 2 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| score1 = 365/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 276 (49.2 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 89 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492691.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| score1 = 367/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 140 (29.3 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 227 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492692.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| score1 = 205 (38.3 overs)
| score2 = 209/6 (38.5 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492690.html Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| score1 = 341/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 199 (36.1 overs)
| result = Jammu & Kashmir won by 142 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492689.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}

==== Round 3 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| score1 = 311/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 315/5 (48.3 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492708.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| score1 = 369/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 315 (50 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 54 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492709.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| score1 = 310/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 314/6 (49.3 overs)
| result = Assam won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492710.html Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| score1 = 319 (48.2 overs)
| score2 = 320/4 (47.4 overs)
| result = Bengal won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492711.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}

==== Round 4 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| score1 = 417/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 380 (49.5 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 37 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492728.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| score1 = 63 (20.4 overs)
| score2 = 64/1 (9.3 overs)
| result = Bengal won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492727.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| score1 = 113 (29.1 overs)
| score2 = 114/2 (22.3 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492730.html Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium Ground C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| score1 = 308 (48.4 overs)
| score2 = 291/2 (42 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 58 runs ([[Jayadevan's system|VJD method]])
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492729.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}

==== Round 5 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| score1 = 302/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 217 (42.1 overs)
| result = Bengal won by 85 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492749.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| score1 = 286/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 150 (37.4 overs)
| result = Hyderabad won by 136 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492748.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| score1 = 322/5 (48 overs)
| score2 = 264/8 (48 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 58 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492746.html Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| score1 = 293/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 296/1 (41.4 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492747.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}

==== Round 6 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| score1 = 284/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 286/3 (47.2 overs)
| result = Chandigarh won by 7 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492768.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| score1 = 332 (50 overs)
| score2 = 256 (45.3 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 76 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492765.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| score1 = 339/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 285/9 (50 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 54 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492767.html Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| score1 = 352/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 245 (44.4 overs)
| result = Hyderabad won by 107 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492766.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}

==== Round 7 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ben}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| score1 = 269 (45.1 overs)
| score2 = 272/5 (42.2 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492784.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground B, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ass}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| score1 = 308/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 148 (35 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 160 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492785.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sanosara Cricket Ground A, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hyd}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| score1 = 268/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 272/7 (47.5 overs)
| result = Jammu & Kashmir won by 3 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492782.html Scorecard]
| venue = Niranjan Shah Stadium C, [[Rajkot]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|bar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|cha}}
| score1 = 391 (49.1 overs)
| score2 = 242 (40 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 149 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492783.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Niranjan Shah Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
}}
===Group C===
==== Round 1 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| score1 = 347/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 296/8 (50 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 51 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/maharashtra-vs-punjab-elite-group-c-1492677/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 259 (47.3 overs)
| score2 = 164 (40.3 overs)
| result = Himachal Pradesh won by 95 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/himachal-pradesh-vs-uttarakhand-elite-group-c-1492675/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| score1 = 233 (48.5 overs)
| score2 = 234/4 (44.1 overs)
| result = Goa won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/chhattisgarh-vs-goa-elite-group-c-1492676/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sik}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| score1 = 236/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 237/2 (30.3 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/mumbai-vs-sikkim-elite-group-c-1492674/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}

==== Round 2 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 331/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 280/9 (50 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 51 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492695.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sik}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| score1 = 150 (40.2 overs)
| score2 = 153/2 (18 overs)
| result = Maharashtra won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492693.html Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Stadium, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| score1 = 285/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 277 (49.3 overs)
| result = Goa won by 8 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492694.html Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| score1 = 253 (48.4 overs)
| score2 = 254/1 (42.1 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492696.html Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}

==== Round 3 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 269/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 270/5 (47.4 overs)
| result = Uttarakhand won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492714.html Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|sik}}
| score1 = 309/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 247/7 (50 overs)
| result = Goa won by 62 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492712.html Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Stadium, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| score1 = 142 (38.1 overs)
| score2 = 144/1 (24 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492715.html Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| score1 = 271 (49.4 overs)
| score2 = 264/9 (50 overs)
| result = Himachal Pradesh won by 7 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492713.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}

==== Round 4 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| score1 = 444/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 357/9 (50 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 87 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492733.html Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| score1 = 221 (47.2 overs)
| score2 = 223/4 (36.1 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492732.html Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Stadium, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 331/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 202 (43.4 overs)
| result = Maharashtra won by 129 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492734.html Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|sik}}
| score1 = 355/3 (50 overs)
| score2 = 126 (34 overs)
| result = Chhattisgarh won by 229 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492731.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}

==== Round 5 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| score1 = 320/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 321/7 (49.4 overs)
| result = Chhattisgarh won by 3 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492751.html Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| score1 = 366/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 238 (42 overs)
| result = Maharashtra won by 128 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492753.html Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Stadium, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sik}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| score1 = 75 (22.2 overs)
| score2 = 81/0 (6.2 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 10 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492750.html Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 270 (49.1 overs)
| score2 = 274/3 (46.2 overs)
| result = Uttarakhand won by 7 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492752.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}

==== Round 6 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| score1 = 166 (29 overs)
| score2 = 160/8 (31 overs)
| result = Chhattisgarh won by 6 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492772.html Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| score1 = 211 (33.3 overs)
| score2 = 212/4 (35 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492771.html Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Stadium, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sik}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 219/8 (33 overs)
| score2 = 223/4 (31.1 overs)
| result = Uttarakhand won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492769.html Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| score1 = 299/9 (33 overs)
| score2 = 292 (32.4 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 7 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492770.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}

==== Round 7 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|SIK}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|hp}}
| score1 = 160/6 (38 overs)
| score2 = 163/1 (26.1 overs)
| result = Himachal Pradesh won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492786.html Scorecard]
| venue = Anantam Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|chh}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|utt}}
| score1 = 265 (50 overs)
| score2 = 258/8 (50 overs)
| result = Chhattisgarh won by 7 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492788.html Scorecard]
| venue = KL Saini Stadium, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| score1 = 216 (45.1 overs)
| score2 = 215 (26.2 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 1 run
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492789.html Scorecard]
| venue = Jaipuria Vidhyalaya Ground, [[Jaipur]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|goa}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mah}}
| score1 = 249/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 244/9 (50 overs)
| result = Maharashtra won by 5 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492787.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium]], [[Jaipur]]
}}
===Group D===

==== Round 1 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| score1 = 267/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 270/4 (43.4 overs)
| result = Railways won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/haryana-vs-railways-elite-group-d-1492679/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| score1 = 184 (42.2 overs)
| score2 = 185/2 (34.5 overs)
| result = Gujarat won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/gujarat-vs-services-elite-group-d-1492681/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| score1 =298/8 (50 overs)
| score2 =300/6 (37.4 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/andhra-vs-delhi-elite-group-d-1492680/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 345/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 347/5 (48.5 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/odisha-vs-saurashtra-elite-group-d-1492678/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}

==== Round 2 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| score1 = 83 (21.5 overs)
| score2 = 84/6 (24.3 overs)
| result = Odisha won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492699.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| score1 = 253 (48.1 overs)
| score2 = 256/4 (39 overs)
| result = Haryana won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492697.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| score1 = 254/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 247 (47.4 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 7 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492700.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| score1 = 266/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 271/4 (44.4 overs)
| result = Andhra won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492698.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}

==== Round 3 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| score1 = 365/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 281 (47.2 overs)
| result = Railways won by 84 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492717.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| score1 = 320/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 321/7 (48.5 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 3 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492716.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| score1 = 221 (49.2 overs)
| score2 = 223/4 (43.4 overs)
| result = Odisha won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492718.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| score1 = 299 (49.4 overs)
| score2 = 273 (47.1 overs)
| result = Haryana won by 26 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492719.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
}}

==== Round 4 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| score1 = 272/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 193 (45.3 overs)
| result = Odisha won by 79 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492737.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| score1 = 283 (47.4 overs)
| score2 = 287/6 (48 overs)
| result = Railways won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492736.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| score1 = 271/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 275/3 (43.1 overs)
| result = Haryana won by 7 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492738.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 254/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 180 (47.2 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 74 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492735.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 2, [[Bengaluru]]
}}

==== Round 5 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| score1 = 318/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 311/7 (50 overs)
| result = Gujarat won by 7 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492755.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| score1 = 305/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 309/6 (48.4 overs)
| result = Haryana won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492756.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 294/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 263 (49.1 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 31 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492754.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| score1 = 178 (42.5 overs)
| score2 = 182/2 (19.4 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492757.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 2, [[Bengaluru]]
}}

==== Round 6 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| score1 = 324 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 307/7 (48 overs)
| result = Match tied ([[Jayadevan's system|VJD method]])
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492775.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| score1 = 179 (40.4 overs)
| score2 = 182/4 (21.4 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492774.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| score1 = 349/5 (50 overs)
| score2 = 238 (45.5 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 111 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492773.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| score1 = 333/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 100 (28.1 overs)
| result = Gujarat won by 233 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492776.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 3, [[Bengaluru]]
}}

==== Round 7 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|guj}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 383/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 238 (40 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 145 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492790.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (3) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|and}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ser}}
| score1 = 165 (45 overs)
| score2 = 168/5 (38.1 overs)
| result = Andhra won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492792.html Scorecard]
| venue = KSCA Cricket (2) Ground, Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|odi}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|rai}}
| score1 = 251 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 254/5 (45.2 overs)
| result = Railways won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492791.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium]], Alur
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 8 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|har}}
| score1 = 105 (25.4 overs)
| score2 = 107/1 (13.3 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492793.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
}}
===Plate Group===
==== Round 1 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|nag}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|man}}
| score1 = 236 (48.3 overs)
| score2 = 241/9 (49.5 overs)
| result = Manipur won by 1 wicket
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/manipur-vs-nagaland-plate-group-1492683/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = Usha Martin Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|bih}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|ap}}
| score1 = 574/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 177 (42.1 overs)
| result = Bihar won by 397 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/arunachal-pradesh-vs-bihar-plate-group-1492682/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = JSCA Oval Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 24 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|meg}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|miz}}
| score1 = 291 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 212 (38.5 overs)
| result = Meghalaya won by 79 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383/meghalaya-vs-mizoram-plate-group-1492684/live-cricket-score Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

==== Round 2 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|meg}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|nag}}
| score1 = 190 (49.3 overs)
| score2 = 192/3 (36.5 overs)
| result = Nagaland won by 7 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492702.html Scorecard]
| venue = Usha Martin Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ap}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|miz}}
| score1 = 254 (49.4 overs)
| score2 = 219 (44.4 overs)
| result = Arunachal Pradesh won by 35 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492703.html Scorecard]
| venue = JSCA Oval Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 26 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|bih}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|man}}
| score1 = 284 (50 overs)
| score2 = 269/9 (50 overs)
| result = Bihar won by 15 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492701.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

==== Round 3 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ap}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|man}}
| score1 = 246 (49.5 overs)
| score2 = 250/6 (46.3 overs)
| result = Manipur won by 4 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492721.html Scorecard]
| venue = Usha Martin Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|nag}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|miz}}
| score1 = 399/4 (50 overs)
| score2 = 222 (42 overs)
| result = Nagaland won by 177 runs
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492722.html Scorecard]
| venue = JSCA Oval Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 29 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|meg}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bih}}
| score1 = 217/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 220/2 (32.3 overs)
| result = Bihar won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492720.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

==== Round 4 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ap}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|meg}}
| score1 = 189 (44.2 overs)
| score2 = 193/4 (23.1 overs)
| result = Meghalaya won by 6 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492741.html Scorecard]
| venue = Usha Martin Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bih}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|nag}}
| score1 = 212 (46.1 overs)
| score2 = 214/2 (37.5 overs)
| result = Bihar won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492739.html Scorecard]
| venue = JSCA Oval Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 31 December 2025
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|man}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|miz}}
| score1 = 200 (45.5 overs)
| score2 = 205/2 (34.1 overs)
| result = Manipur won by 8 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492740.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

==== Round 5 ====
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bih}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|miz}}
| score1 = 258 (45.4 overs)
| score2 = 262/5 (34.1 overs)
| result = Bihar won by 5 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492758.html Scorecard]
| venue = Usha Martin Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team2 = {{cr-IND|man}}
| team1 = {{cr-IND|meg}}
| score1 = 238 (45 overs)
| score2 = 241/7 (43.3 overs)
| result = Manipur won by 3 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492759.html Scorecard]
| venue = JSCA Oval Ground, [[Ranchi]]
}}
----
{{Cricket match summary
| date = 3 January 2026
| time = 9:00 IST
| team1 = {{cr-IND|ap}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|nag}}
| score1 = 244/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 245/1 (39.2 overs)
| result = Nagaland won by 9 wickets
| scorecard = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492760.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
}}

==== Plate Final ====
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 6 January 2026
| time = 09:00
| team1 = {{cr-IND|man}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|bih}}
| score1 = 169 (47.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ulenyai Khwairakpam]] 61 (112)
| wickets1 = [[Shabbir Khan]] 7/30 (8 overs)
| score2 = 170/4 (31.2 overs)
| runs2 = Ayush Loharuka 75 (72)
| wickets2 = [[Bishworjit Konthoujam]] 1/33 (8 overs)
| result = Bihar won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492777.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[JSCA International Stadium Complex]], [[Ranchi]]
| umpires = Pranav Joshi and [[Sivasubramaniyan Shankar]]
| motm = [[Shabbir Khan]] (Bihar)
| toss = Bihar won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes = [[Shabbir Khan]] (Bihar) took his maiden [[five-wicket haul]] in List A cricket.
}}

==Knockout stage==
{{8TeamBracket
| nowrap = yes
| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 125px

| RD1 = Quarter-finals
| RD2 = Semi-finals
| RD3 = Final

| RD1-seed1 = '''A1'''
| RD1-team1 = '''{{cr-IND|kar}}'''
| RD1-score1 = '''187/1 (33 overs)'''
| RD1-seed2 = C2
| RD1-team2 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| RD1-score2 = 254/8 (50 overs)
| RD1-seed3 = D1
| RD1-team3 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| RD1-score3 = 224 (45.1 overs)
| RD1-seed4 = '''B2'''
| RD1-team4 = '''{{cr-IND|vid}}'''
| RD1-score4 = '''300/9 (50 overs)'''
| RD1-seed5 = B1
| RD1-team5 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| RD1-score5 = 310/8 (50 overs)
| RD1-seed6 = '''D2'''
| RD1-team6 = '''{{cr-IND|sau}}'''
| RD1-score6 = '''238/3 (40.1 overs)'''
| RD1-seed7 = '''C1'''
| RD1-team7 = '''{{cr-IND|pun}}'''
| RD1-score7 = '''345/6 (50 overs)'''
| RD1-seed8 = A2
| RD1-team8 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| RD1-score8 = 162 (31.2 overs)

| RD2-seed1 = QF1
| RD2-team1 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| RD2-score1 = 280 (49.4 overs)
| RD2-seed2 = '''QF4'''
| RD2-team2 = '''{{cr-IND|vid}}'''
| RD2-score2 = '''284/4 (46.2 overs)'''
| RD2-seed3 = '''QF2'''
| RD2-team3 = '''{{cr-IND|sau}}'''
| RD2-score3 = '''293/1 (39.3 overs)'''
| RD2-seed4 = QF3
| RD2-team4 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| RD2-score4 = 291 (50 overs)

| RD3-seed1 = '''SF1'''
| RD3-team1 = '''{{cr-IND|vid}}'''
| RD3-score1 = '''317/8 (50 overs)'''
| RD3-seed2 = SF2
| RD3-team2 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| RD3-score2 = 279 (48.5 overs)
}}
===Quarter-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 12 January 2026
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-IND|mum}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| score1 = 254/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shams Mulani]] 86 (91)
| wickets1 = [[Vidyadhar Patil]] 3/42 (10 overs)
| score2 = 187/1 (33 overs)
| runs2 = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] 81[[not out|*]] (95)
| wickets2 = [[Mohit Avasthi]] 1/24 (6 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 55 runs ([[Jayadevan's system|VJD method]])
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492794.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Kannur Swaroopanand and Akshay Totre
| motm = [[Devdutt Padikkal]] (Karnataka)
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to field.
| round = '''1st quarter final'''
| rain =
| notes = Karnataka were 55 runs ahead of the VJD par score when rain stopped play in the 2nd innings.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 12 January 2026
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-IND|up}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 310/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sameer Rizvi]] 88[[not out|*]] (77)
| wickets1 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 3/54 (10 overs)
| score2 = 238/3 (40.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Harvik Desai]] 100[[not out|*]] (116)
| wickets2 = Karan Chaudhary 1/33 (5.1 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 17 runs ([[Jayadevan's system|VJD method]])
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492795.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 2, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Abhijeet Bengeri and Amit Rana
| motm = [[Prerak Mankad]] (Saurashtra)
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to field.
| round = '''2nd quarter final'''
| rain =
| notes = Vineet Panwar (Uttar Pradesh) made his List A debut.
* Saurashtra were 17 runs ahead of the VJD par score when rain stopped play in the 2nd innings.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 13 January 2026
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|mp}}
| score1 = 345/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] 88 (86)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] 2/60 (7 overs)
| score2 = 162 (31.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rajat Patidar]] 38 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Sanvir Singh]] 3/31 (6 overs)
| result = Punjab won by 183 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492796.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] and Amit Rana
| motm = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] (Punjab)
| toss = Madhya Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| round = '''3rd quarter final'''
| rain =
| notes = [[Prabhsimran Singh]] (Punjab) scored his 2,000th run in List A cricket.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 13 January 2026
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|del}}
| score1 = 300/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yash Rathod]] 86 (73)
| wickets1 = [[Nitish Rana]] 2/19 (3 overs)
| score2 = 224 (45.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Anuj Rawat]] 66 (98)
| wickets2 = [[Nachiket Bhute]] 4/51 (7.1 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 76 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492797.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 2, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Abhijeet Bengeri and Saidharshan Kumar
| motm = [[Yash Rathod]] (Vidarbha)
| toss = Delhi won the toss and elected to field.
| round = '''4th quarter final'''
| rain =
| notes = Rohit Binkar (Vidarbha) made his List A debuts.
* [[Yash Rathod]] (Vidarbha) and [[Priyansh Arya]] (Delhi) both socred their 1,000th run in List A cricket.
* [[Ishant Sharma]] (Delhi) took his 200th wicket in List A cricket.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26/cricket-news/former-india-great-celebrates-captaincy-return-after-seven-years-with-200th-list-a-wicket |title=Former India great celebrates captaincy return after seven years with 200th List A wicket |work=Wisden |access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref>
}}

===Semi-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 15 January 2026
| time = 13:00
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-IND|kar}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| score1 = 280 (49.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Karun Nair]] 76 (90)
| wickets1 = [[Darshan Nalkande]] 5/48 (10 overs)
| score2 = 284/4 (46.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aman Mokhade]] 138 (122)
| wickets2 = Abhilash Shetty 3/48 (10 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492798.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Amit Rana and Akshay Totre
| motm = [[Aman Mokhade]] (Vidarbha)
| toss = Karnataka won the toss and elected to bat.
| round = '''1st semi-final'''
| rain =
| notes = [[Aman Mokhade]] (Vidarbha) scored his 1,000th run in List A cricket.
* Aman Mokhade equals the record of 1,000 runs in List A cricket in terms of innings (16).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/vidarbha-s-aman-mokhade-equals-record-for-quickest-1000-runs-in-list-a-cricket-during-vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1519618 |title=Aman Mokhade equals record for quickest 1000 runs in List A cricket |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=16 January 2026}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 16 January 2026
| time = 13:00
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-IND|pun}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 291 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anmolpreet Singh]] 100 (105)
| wickets1 = [[Chetan Sakariya]] 4/60 (10 overs)
| score2 = 293/1 (39.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Vishvaraj Jadeja]] 165[[not out|*]] (127)
| wickets2 = [[Gurnoor Brar]] 1/52 (7 overs)
| result = Saurashtra won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492799.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Ulhas Gandhe]] and Saidharshan Kumar
| motm = [[Vishvaraj Jadeja]] (Saurashtra)
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to field.
| round = '''2nd semi-final'''
| rain =
| notes = [[Prerak Mankad]] (Saurashtra) scored his 2,000th run in List A cricket.
}}

===Final===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| bg =
| date = 18 January 2026
| time = 13:00
| daynight = y
| team1 = {{cr-IND|vid}}
| team2 = {{cr-IND|sau}}
| score1 = 317/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Atharva Taide]] 128 (118)
| wickets1 = Ankur Panwar 4/65 (10 overs)
| score2 = 279 (48.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Prerak Mankad]] 88 (92)
| wickets2 = [[Yash Thakur]] 4/50 (9.5 overs)
| result = Vidarbha won by 38 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1492800.html Scorecard]
| venue = BCCI Centre of Excellence Ground 1, [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Kannur Swaroopanand and Akshay Totre
| motm = [[Atharva Taide]] (Vidarbha)
| toss = Saurashtra won the toss and elected to field.
| round = '''Final'''
| rain =
| notes = Ganesh Bhosle (Vidarbha) and Ansh Gosai (Saurashtra) both made their List A debuts.
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/vijay-hazare-trophy-2025-26-1492383 Tournament home at ESPNcricinfo]
{{Domestic cricket in 2025–26}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijay Hazare Trophy, 2025-26}}
[[Category:2025 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2025–26]]
[[Category:Vijay Hazare Trophy seasons]]

Laxmipriya Mohapatra

2026-01-12T13:57:20Z

Ovfanclub786: Put up post - done

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer and actress (1928–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
'''Laxmipriya Mohapatra''' (born 1928 - died 20 March 2021) was an Indian classical dancer, performing [[Odissi]] dance on stage and in films. Along with her husband, [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]], she is credited with reviving Odissi dance in India, in the 1940s and 50s.

== Career ==
Mohapatra was born in [[Khordha|Khurda]], Odisha, and was taught to dance by her mother, actress and dancer Tulasi Devi. At the age of seven, she began performing at the [[Annapurna Theatre]] in [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], and by the age of 17, was their star performer, drawing large crowds who attended her performances. She moved to [[Cuttack]], where she met her husband, [[Kelucharan Mohapatra]], a trained Odissi dancer who was at the time playing [[tabla]], a classical form of percussion, as an accompaniment, for dance performances.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Noted Odissi Dancer Laxmipriya Mohapatra Passes Away|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-noted-odissi-dancer-laxmipriya-mohapatra-cm-patnaik-announces-state-funeral/377860|access-date=2021-12-25|website=[[Outlook India]]|language=en}}</ref> In 1946, after training in Odissi with her husband, she performed the first solo Odissi dance on stage, which was considered a milestone in efforts to revive the classical dance form.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Chakra|first=Shyamhari|date=2021-03-25|title=Laxmipriya Mohapatra: Trailblazer and inspiration|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/laxmipriya-mohapatra-trailblazer-and-inspiration/article34161974.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Vidyarthi|first=Nita|date=2014-08-28|title=Odissi, then and now|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/pioneering-odissi-dancer-laxmipriya-mohapatra-talks-about-how-odissi-became-one-of-the-popular-classical-dance-in-india/article6360063.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She is also the first woman to perform the traditional form of [[Gotipua]] dance on stage. In addition to performing Odissi, she was trained in several traditional folk dance forms, and performed at [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parades in India's capital, New Delhi, in the 1950s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Chakra|first=Shyamhari|date=2021-03-25|title=Laxmipriya Mohapatra: Trailblazer and inspiration|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/laxmipriya-mohapatra-trailblazer-and-inspiration/article34161974.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She performed in a number of plays on stage, as well as in several [[Odia language|Odia]] films, including ''[[Manik Jodi|Manika Jodi]]'', ''[[Suryamukhi]]'', ''[[Malajahna|Mala Jahna]]'' and [[Amada Bata|''Amadabata'']].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Noted Odissi danseuse Laxmipriya Mohapatra passes away at 86|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/mar/21/noted-odissi-danseuse-laxmipriya-mohapatra-passes-away-at-86-2279528.html|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

When her husband, Kelucharan, became a dancer and choreographer, she retired in 1985 from professional dancing to support him.<ref name=":3" /> Along with him, she established and taught at Srjan, a well-known classical dance school in [[Bhubaneswar]], Odisha. Their son, Ratikant Mohapatra, is also an Odissi dancer and choreographer.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Chakra|first=Shyamhari|date=2021-03-25|title=Laxmipriya Mohapatra: Trailblazer and inspiration|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/laxmipriya-mohapatra-trailblazer-and-inspiration/article34161974.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She taught a number of modern Odissi dancers, including [[Minati Mishra]], [[Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi]], and [[Kumkum Mohanty]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Chakra|first=Shyamhari|date=2021-03-25|title=Laxmipriya Mohapatra: Trailblazer and inspiration|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/laxmipriya-mohapatra-trailblazer-and-inspiration/article34161974.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She died on 20 March 2021, at the age of 86, and was buried with state honors.<ref name=":0" /> in September 2021, a five-day Odissi festival was dedicated to her memory, and included Odissi performances by many of her former students.<ref name=":3" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohapatra, Laxmipriya}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Odissi dancers]]
[[Category:Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:People from Khordha]]

Ravi Arimilli

2025-12-08T17:07:55Z

Ovfanclub786: minor update references per sources further and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian inventor}}
'''Ravi Kumar Arimilli''' (born 1963) is an [[IBM Fellow]] and Chief Architect. Largely responsible for development of the [[POWER5]], he is one of the most [[List of prolific inventors|prolific inventors]] in the world, being awarded 78 patents in 2002 and a further 53 in 2003. He has over 507 patents to his name and is listed among the most [[List of prolific inventors|prolific inventors]] in the world as measured by U.S. utility patents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&p=1&f=S&l=50&d=PTXT&Query=apt%2F1+and+in%2FArimilli-Ravi-K$ |title=USPTO Utility Patent Search for Ravi Arimilli |access-date=2017-12-20 |archive-date=2019-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114231606/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm&r=0&p=1&f=S&l=50&d=PTXT&Query=apt/1+and+in/Arimilli-Ravi-K$ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Arimilli moved with his family to the United States from [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, in 1969. He studied at [[Louisiana State University]], and joined IBM in 1985. His expertise includes [[symmetric multiprocessing]] (SMP) system structures, [[CPU cache|cache]]/memory hierarchies and [[system bus]] protocols.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/431188.cms ''The Times of India'' article on Arimilli]
*[http://in.rediff.com/money/2005/dec/10nri.htm A news item about Arimilli on rediff.com]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arimilli, Ravi}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:IBM employees]]
[[Category:IBM Fellows]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]

{{compu-bio-stub}}
[[Category:American people of Telugu descent]]

Patola sari

2025-11-20T08:28:05Z

Ovfanclub786: Created a details

{{Short description|Sari of double-ikat woven silk}}
{{multiple issues|
{{cleanup rewrite|date=July 2013}}
{{more footnotes|date=August 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}

A '''Patola sari '''is a double [[ikat]] woven sari, usually made from [[silk]], made in [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. The word patola is the plural form; the singular is patolu. These saris are made using silk threads that are first dyed with natural colors and then woven together to create the intricate patterns and designs. They are usually worn for special occasions, such as weddings and formal events.

==The weave==
To create a patola sari, both the warp and weft threads are wrapped to resist the dye according to the desired pattern of the final woven fabric. This tying is repeated for each colour that is to be included in the finished cloth. The technique of dyeing the warp and weft before weaving is called [[double ikat]]. The bundles of thread are strategically knotted before dyeing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roshni|first=R. K.|date=2003-04-21|title=Summer wedding|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/21/stories/2003042101200200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108060104/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/04/21/stories/2003042101200200.htm|archive-date=2012-11-08|access-date=|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-04|title=Waves of silk weaves|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/302943/waves-silk-weaves.html|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
{{See also|Pochampally Saree|Puttapaka Saree|Sambalpuri saree}}
Silk weavers of the [[salvi (caste)|Salvi]] caste from the state of [[Maharashtra]] chose Gujarat as the home for their renowned patola fabric. It is believed that salvis went to Gujarat in the 12th century with the intention of acquiring the patronage of the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukyas]] [[Rajputs]], who ruled all of Gujarat and parts of [[Malva]] and south Rajasthan at the time, with Anahiwad [[Patan, Rajasthan|Patan]] as the capital. Legend says that over 700 patola weavers came to the palace of Raja [[Kumarpal]], on the personal request of king himself.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History|url=http://patannapatola.in/history|url-status=dead|access-date=2016-04-19|website=patannapatola.in|archive-date=15 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915002558/http://www.patannapatola.in/history}}</ref> The Solanki (Chalukya) rulers used to dress in patola silk themselves on special occasions.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016}}

It is broadly accepted belief that these Salvis originally belonged to the region, which now lies at the middle of the present day Marathawada and Vidarbha divisions of Maharashtra state. The art of Patola weaving is an ancient one. According to some historians, the art of Patola weaving was known also in the 4th century in “Ajanta” caves, which resembles the tie-dyes technique of patola. Ajanta Caves were patronized by the Vatsagulma branch of the Vakataka dynasty, which controlled a vast area of Deccan during the 3rd, 4th & 5th centuries A.D. Vatsagulma is presently the 'Washim' district of the Vidarbha Division of Maharashtra.

After the decline of Solanki empire, salvis founded a rich trade in Gujarat. Patola saris quickly became a sign of social status among Gujarati women and girls, especially as part of [[Dowry law in India#Stridhan(Dowri)|stridhan]], items that a woman can claim as her. These art of patan is more than 850 years old.

Patola has had a huge importance as status clothes in Southeast Asia where it was imported from at least the Middle Ages. Local elites in far eastern locations such as [[Timor]] and [[Maluku Islands]] strove to acquire patola or patola imitations, which were often provided by European merchants in the early-modern era. Patola motifs were frequently taken over by indigenous weaving traditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Billore|first1=Soniya|last2=Hägerdal|first2=Hans|date=2019|title=The Indian Patola: import and consumerism in early-modern Indonesia|url=|journal=Journal of Historical Research in Marketing|volume=11|issue=3|pages=271–294|doi=10.1108/JHRM-03-2018-0009|s2cid=201375752 |issn=1755-750X}}</ref><ref>''Encounters with Bali, A Collector's Journey''.Art Gallery, Sydney, Australia p.24</ref>

==Design and pattern==
There are four distinct patterns which are woven primarily in Gujarat by the Salvi community. In [[Jain]] and [[Hindu]] communities, double [[ikat]] saris with entire designs of parrots, flowers, elephant and dancing figures are generally used. In [[Muslim]] communities, saris with geometric designs and flower patterns are typical, being worn mostly for weddings and other special occasions. [[Maharashtrian Brahmin]]s wear saris woven with plain, dark coloured borders and body and a bird design called Nari Kunj.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sari}}

[[Category:Saris]]
[[Category:Culture of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Patan district]]
[[Category:Cultural history of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Textile industry in Gujarat]]

1954 in India

2025-10-23T06:13:41Z

Ovfanclub786: fixed formatting after review and updated info

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Year in India|1954}}
Events in the year '''1954 in the Republic of India'''.

==Incumbents==
* [[President of India]] – [[Rajendra Prasad]]
* [[Prime Minister of India]] – [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Vice President of India]] – [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
* [[Chief Justice of India]] –
** until 3 Jan. – [[M. Patanjali Sastri]]
** 4 Jan.-22 Dec. – [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
** starting 23 Dec. – [[Bijan Kumar Mukherjea]]

===Governors===
* [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] – [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]
* [[List of governors of Assam|Assam]] – [[Jairamdas Daulatram]]
* [[List of governors of Bihar|Bihar]] – [[Madhav Shrihari Aney]]
* [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] – [[Raja Sir Maharaj Singh]]
* [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]] – [[Fazal Ali]] (until 9 February), [[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]] (starting 9 February)
* [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]
* [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] – [[Maharaj Man Singh II]]
* [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Hormasji Peroshaw Mody]]
* [[List of governors of West Bengal|West Bengal]] – [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]

==Events==
* National income - {{INR}}109,771 million
* [[26 January]] – First Bharat Ratna in India :
** First recipient: [[C. Rajagopalachari]]
** Second recipient: [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
** Third recipient: [[C. V. Raman]]
*15 February - [[1954 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election|Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]] results in majority for [[Indian National Congress]]. [[Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress]] makes significant gains in [[Kanyakumari]] region.
* [[22 March]] – [[Jayendra Saraswathi]] becomes the 70th [[Shankaracharya of Kanchi]].
* 4 April – [[Congress Working Committee]] set up a subcommittee under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s chairmanship to examine the working of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Austin |first=Granville |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r42bAAAAMAAJ |title=Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn=0195648889 |pages=101 |language=en}}</ref>
* 29 April - [[India]] and [[China]] signs [[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence|Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Panchsheel)]].
* 18 May - [[K. Kamaraj]] drops the controversial [[Modified Scheme of Elementary Education 1953|Modified Scheme of Elementary Education]] introduced by [[Rajaji]] in [[Madras State]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-15 |title=Those Were The Days: How Rajaji’s ‘kula kalvi thittam’ became a controversial education reform |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2019/12/15013004/1203824/Those-Were-The-Days-How-Rajajis-kula-kalvi-thittam-.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927152855/https://www.dtnext.in/News/City/2019/12/15013004/1203824/Those-Were-The-Days-How-Rajajis-kula-kalvi-thittam-.vpf |archive-date=2020-09-27 |access-date=2025-10-23 |work=dtNext.in |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 8 July - [[Bhakra-Nangal Dam]] inaugurated.
* 11 August – Indian annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli: Portuguese forces surrender to the Indian SRP.<ref>P S Lele, Dadra and Nagar Haveli: past and present, Published by Usha P. Lele, 1987,</ref>
* Seven killed in police firing in [[Travancore]] following agitation by [[Travancore Tamil Nadu Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why did Kerala surrender Kanyakumari to Tamil Nadu without a fight? |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2020/10/31/why-did-kerala-surrender-kanyakumari-to-tamil-nadu.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref>
* [[6 November]] – Bombay Electricity Board is formed.
*7 December - [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]] inaugurated at Pune.
*Sahitya Akademi was established in 1954

==Law==
* [[5 July]] – The [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] is established.

==Births==
*11 January – [[Kailash Satyarthi]], Social Reformer, Co-recipient of [[2014 Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Peace Prize 2014]]
*
*25 March – [[Pinky Lilani]], author and businesswoman
*12 May – [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]], chief minister of Tamil Nadu 2018.
*4 July {{ndash}} [[Manjula Vijayakumar]], actress (died 2013).
*10 July – [[Malyadri Sriram]], politician and member of parliament from [[Bapatla (SC) (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]].
*14 July
** [[Tanikella Bharani]], playwright, script writer and actor.
** [[R. Sarathkumar]], actor and politician.
*23 July – [[Nadeem al-Wajidi]], Islamic scholar and writer (died 2024).
*1 August {{ndash}} [[Gurinder Singh|Baba Gurinder Singh]], Fifth and Present Satguru of Radha Soami Satsang Beas.
*11 August – [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]], cricketer (died 2021).
*14 September – [[Shrikant Jichkar]], politician (died 2004).
*15 September {{ndash}} [[P. Vasu]], film director and actor.
*3 October {{ndash}} [[Sathyaraj]], actor, producer and director.
*3 November – [[Laxmikant Berde]], comic actor (died 2004).
*7 November – [[Kamal Haasan]], actor and film director.
*9 November – [[Shankar Nag]], actor and director (died 1990).

==Deaths==
*[[22 October]] – [[Jibanananda Das]], poet, writer, novelist and essayist in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (b. [[1899 in India|1899]])
*[[5 December]] – Sir [[Girija Shankar Bajpai]], civil servant, diplomat and Governor of Bombay (b. [[1891 in India|1891]])

== See also ==
* [[List of Bollywood films of 1954]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Years in India}}
{{Year in Asia|1954}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1954 in India}}
[[Category:1954 in India| ]]
[[Category:1954 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1950s in India]]
[[Category:1954 in Asia]]

Anti-Corruption Bureau (Andhra Pradesh)

2025-10-10T18:51:29Z

Ovfanclub786: created a details.

{{Short description|State government agency in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Anti-Corruption Bureau, Andhra Pradesh
| type = State agency
| nativename = అవినీతి నిరోధక శాఖ
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| logo = Anti-Corruption_Bureau_of_Andhra_Pradesh_Logo.jpg
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| formed = {{Start date|df=yes|1961|01|02}}
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 = 
| agency_type =
| jurisdiction = [[High Court of Andhra Pradesh]]
| headquarters = Vijayawada, India
| coordinates = 
| motto = Fighting Corruption
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| chief1_name = Dr J Purnachandra Rao
| chief1_position = IPS
| parent_department =
| parent_agency =
| website = {{URL|https://acb.ap.gov.in/}}
| map = India Seemandhra locator map.svg
| map_width =
| map_caption = Location of Andhra Pradesh (marked in red) in India
| map_alt =
| footnotes =
| embed =
}}

'''Anti-Corruption Bureau''', [[Andhra Pradesh]], abbreviated as '''ACB''', is an agency specialized in fighting corruption in various departments of the government against public servants and private persons who abet the offences under the [[Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988]]. It is established on 2 January 1961. Senior I.P.S. Officer Shri Pendyala Sitharama Anjaneyulu is the current Director General of the bureau. As the Andhra Pradesh government on 8 November had withdrawn the 'general' consent that was given to the members of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) to carry out search and operations in the state without informing the government, the bureau has to play a greater role in A.P.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/topic/andhra-pradesh-anti-corruption-bureau|title=Andhra Pradesh Anti Corruption Bureau|work=NDTV.com|accessdate=11 October 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Corruption in India]]
* [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:State agencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption agencies]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption measures in India]]
[[Category:Corruption in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1961]]

{{india-gov-stub}}
{{AndhraPradesh-stub}}

Peter rehra

2025-09-25T13:58:51Z

Ovfanclub786: Created info

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
[[File:Peter rehra.jpg|thumb|right|240px|A Peter Rehra as commonly seen on village Roads in [[Punjab (Indian state)|Punjab]]. Notice the [[water buffalo|buffalo]] in its hold.]]
A '''{{lang|pa-Latn|peter rehra}}''', ({{lang|pa|ਪੀਟਰ ਰੇਹੜਾ}}) <ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/241749.aspx Esprit de jugaad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123021751/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/241749.aspx |date=2012-01-23 }}</ref> is a type of locally made [[jugaad]] vehicle used in rural [[Punjab (Indian state)|Punjab]] and other [[North India|Northern India]]n states. It is, of course, not meant for high-performance, but for sheer economy, as it is easily able to carry twenty to twenty-five adults (plus their luggage), but mostly cannot move at more than 25 km/h. There has been instances when [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] themselves used this to carry a whole [[Maruti 800]] (which they could not drive out of court orders)<ref>[http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2010/07/%e0%a8%b2%e0%a9%8b%e0%a8%95%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%82-%e0%a8%a8%e0%a9%82%e0%a9%b0-%e0%a8%aa%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%a0-%e0%a8%aa%e0%a9%9c%e0%a9%8d%e0%a8%b9%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%89%e0%a8%a3-%e0%a8%b5%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%b2/ Punjab Police uses Peter Rehra - breaking the law]</ref>

It is made by assembling parts.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071102/bathinda.htm#6 Law frowns on it, but Peter Rehra still a hit]</ref><ref>https://www.livemint.com/Companies/Bt7C5EnNrvRyoqZAERSbMN/Rural-India8217s-jugaad-for-cheap-travel.html</ref><ref>[http://www.unp.co.in/f100/shoot-of-peter-rehra-48869/ Shoot of PETER REHRA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212170030/http://www.unp.co.in/f100/shoot-of-peter-rehra-48869/ |date=2009-12-12 }}</ref> A [[diesel engine]] (mostly meant for pumping water) without its pumpset assembly is joined with a framework made of steel angles and wooden planks and completed with four movable wheels. The two front wheels are [[Steering#Automotive|steerable]] and the two rear ones are directly attached to the engine via a primitive gear assembly made from old [[SUV]] parts.

Though it is [[Automotive Industry Standards|not technically recognized]] by the Government as a legal vehicle, its use is quite common, mainly due to the high demand for public transport and lack of proper bus and train routes, especially to underdeveloped parts of the North Indian provinces.

The name originated from "[[Petters Limited|Petter]]", a brand of small diesel engines imported to India in early 1960s.

It is also known as '''{{lang|pa-Latn|gharruka}}''' ({{lang|pa|ਘੜੁੱਕਾ}}); '''{{lang|pa-Latn|maruta}}''' ({{lang|pa|ਮਾਰੂਤਾ}}), which means the male version of the [[Maruti 800]] car by [[Maruti Suzuki]] partnership in India; or '''{{lang|pa-Latn|dhindsa}}''' ({{lang|pa|ਢੀਂਡਸਾ}}), after [[Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]], who was a former State Transport Minister of Punjab.<ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/musings/gharhuka-may-just-bite-the-bullet-493043</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sabhyachar.com/ajaibghar/?level=picture&id=4 ਅਜ਼ਾਇਬਘਰ ]
*[http://www.despardestimes.com/2010/07/09/2699/ ਪੀਟਰ ਰੇਹੜੇ ਹੇਠ ਆਉਣ ਨਾਲ ਬਜ਼ੁਰਗ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Automotive industry in India]]
[[Category:Vehicle law]]
[[Category:Low-speed vehicles]]

{{India-transport-stub}}
{{Vehicle-stub}}

Nenjam Marappathillai (TV series)

2025-08-28T08:26:41Z

Ovfanclub786: Created a data

{{short description|Tamil language television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Nenjam marappathillai Vijay TV serial.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name =
| genre = Soap opera [[Family drama]]
| based_on =
| story = Rasool
| screenplay = Rasool
| director = Abdul Hafees
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj|Sharanya]]
*[[Amit Bhargav]]
*[[Nisha Ganesh|Nisha Krishnan]]
*Sowmya Rao Nadig
*[[Ashwanth Thilak]]
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = Ilayavan
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 358
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| cinematography =
| editor = S.Mathan kumar
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Kala Communication
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2017|10|9}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2019|02|22}}
| related = ''[[Kusum Dola]]'' ''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]''
| network = [[Star Vijay]]
}}

'''''Nenjam Marappathillai''''' ({{translation|''The Heart Never Forgets''}}) is a 2017 [[Tamil language]] soap opera starring [[Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj|Sharanya Turadi]] and [[Amit Bhargav]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/when-television-borrows-titles-from-movies/articleshow/60424327.cms|title=When television borrows titles from movies|work=The Times of India|date=9 September 2017 |access-date=16 September 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107201958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/when-television-borrows-titles-from-movies/articleshow/60424327.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Its main plot was taken from the [[Bengali language]] television series ''[[Kusum Dola]]'', with a different story and screenplay by Rasool.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/62375/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/movie-name-is-titled-to-tv-serial.htm|title=Nenjam Marappathillai New serial on Vijay TV|date=31 August 2017 |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=4 September 2017|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904090134/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/62375/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/movie-name-is-titled-to-tv-serial.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

It aired beginning on 9 October 2017 on [[Star Vijay]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.screen4screen.com/tamilcinemanews/vijay-tv-serial-nenjam-marappathillai/|title=விஜய் டிவியில் புதிய தொடர் 'நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை'|publisher=www.screen4screen.com|access-date=2017-10-04|language=ta|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006013245/http://www.screen4screen.com/tamilcinemanews/vijay-tv-serial-nenjam-marappathillai/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tholaikatchi.in/nenjam-marappathillai-vijay-tv-serial/|title=Nenjam Marappathillai Vijay TV Tamil Serial Starting on 9th October 2017|publisher=www.tholaikatchi.in|access-date=2017-09-30|language=en|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003075754/https://www.tholaikatchi.in/nenjam-marappathillai-vijay-tv-serial/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/63345/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Nenjam-marappathillai-serial-from-Oct-9.htm|title=9ஆம் திகதி முதல் நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2017-10-07|language=ta|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009092519/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/63345/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Nenjam-marappathillai-serial-from-Oct-9.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and replaced the series ''[[Mappillai (2015 TV series)|Mappillai]]''. This serial is a love story about Saranya ([[Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj|Sharanya Turadi]]) and Vikram ([[Amit Bhargav]]) whose lives were changed after certain incident. The series ended on 22 February 2019 when Amit Bhargav left the serial. It was replaced with the serial ''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]''.

==Plot==
Saranya, the small town, good-hearted daughter of a police officer lives in Kodaikanal. She is a new [[MBBS]] graduate and is planning to do post-graduation in Surgery in Chennai. She is loved by everyone in her town.

Vikram is an aspiring IPS officer from a joint family where people have different thoughts. On a trip Vikram meets Sathya and both develop feelings for each other but they can not express their feelings. Vikram gets posted to [[Kodaikanal]], but accidentally he loses his phone and cannot contact Sathya, making her feel cheated. Soon, she gets engaged to Vikram's brother, Arjun. Vikram, despite knowing this, refuses to break their marriage and gave promise that he never love any women. After the marriage, Arjun learns of their story and leaves the house, without telling the truth to anyone.

Due to circumstances, Saranya loses her father in a botched police operation to catch a thug, who wanted to forcefully wed Saranya. Saranya feels that IPS officer Vikram is one of the reasons for her father's death, as Vikram inadvertently brought him to the field. Orphan Saranya tries to commit suicide after that. Her villagers force Vikram to marry her and take responsibility in fulfilling her future, so Saranya marries him. But they don't accept each other as husband and wife.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tholaikatchi.in/nenjam-marapadhillai-story/|title=Hero Name, Heroine Name, Cast and Crew of Star Vijay Serial Nenjam Marapadhillai|publisher=www.tholaikatchi.in|access-date=2017-10-02|language=en|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006111852/https://www.tholaikatchi.in/nenjam-marapadhillai-story/|url-status=live}}</ref> On confronting them, Sathya feels cheated and betrayed by Vikram.

The story revolves around Saranya's life in Vikram's joint family, with varied members. They start loving each other. Then they get married again. Later Vikram's enemies try to get Saranya aborted, but she escapes from all the problems. Then there is a seemantham for Saranaya. At last, the season ends.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/nenjam-marapadhillai-to-have-an-interesting-twist/articleshow/61944394.cms|title=Nenjam Marapadhillai to have an interesting twist|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-12-06|language=en|archive-date=15 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215123946/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/nenjam-marapadhillai-to-have-an-interesting-twist/articleshow/61944394.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj| Sharanya Turadi]] as Dr. Saranya Vikram: Velraj's daughter; Vikram's wife. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.onenov.in/listings/sharanya_turadi_sundaraj_indian_film_actress/|title=Sharanya Turadi Sundaraj star in Nenjam Marappathillai serial|publisher=www.onenov.in|language=en|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006062117/https://www.onenov.in/listings/sharanya_turadi_sundaraj_indian_film_actress/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Amit Bhargav]] as ACP Vikram Sivakumar: Sivakumar and Jaya's elder son; Arjun's brother; Priya, Arun and Dileepan's cousin; Sathya's ex-lover; Saranya's husband.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.onenov.in/listings/amit_bhargav_indian_television_actor/|title=Amit Bhargav star in Nenjam Marappathillai serial|publisher=www.onenov.in|language=en|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112428/https://www.onenov.in/listings/amit_bhargav_indian_television_actor|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/you-cant-afford-to-pass-off-bad-content-on-tv/articleshow/60971517.cms|title=You can't afford to pass off bad content on TV|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-10-07|language=en|archive-date=15 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215125530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/you-cant-afford-to-pass-off-bad-content-on-tv/articleshow/60971517.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Nisha Krishnan]] / Sowmya Rao Nadig as Sathya Arjun: Vikram's ex-lover; Arjun's wife.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.onenov.in/listings/nisha_krishnan_tv_actress_and_anchor/|title=serial|publisher=www.onenov.in|language=en|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012901/https://www.onenov.in/listings/nisha_krishnan_tv_actress_and_anchor/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ashwanth Thilak]] as Arjun Sivakumar: Sivakumar and Jaya's younger son; Vikram's brother; Priya, Arun and Dileepan's cousin; Sathya's husband.
===Recurring===
* [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Akhilandeshwari: Priya's mother; Vikram, Arjun, Arun and Dileepan's aunt
* Afsar Babu as Sivakumar: Sridevi and Bhagyalaxmi's brother; Jaya's husband; Vikram and Arjun's father
* J. Lalitha as Jaya Sivakumar: Sivakumar's wife; Vikram and Arjun's mother
* Asha Rani as Bhagyalaxmi Balachandran: Sridevi and Sivakumar's sister; Balachandran's wife; Arun's mother
* Murali Kumar as Dr. Balachandran: Bhagyalaxmi's husband; Arun's father; Saranya's Medical College Dean
* Dharini as Sridevi: Sivakumar and Bhagyalaxmi's sister
* Sri Durga as Priya Meenakshi: Akhilandeshwari's daughter; Vikram, Arjun, Arun and Dileepan's cousin; Meenakshi's wife
* Dev Anand as Meenakshi Sundaram: Priya's husband
* KL Mani as Arun Balachandran: Bhagyalaxmi and Balachandran's son; Vikram, Arjun, Priya and Dileepan's cousin<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.onenov.in/listings/mani_k_l_indian_television_actor/|title=KL Mani star in Nenjam Marappathillai serial|publisher=www.onenov.in|language=en|access-date=5 October 2017|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012830/https://www.onenov.in/listings/mani_k_l_indian_television_actor/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Praveen/Aravish as Dileepan: Vikram, Arjun, Priya and Arun's cousin; Pavithra's husband
* Preethi Kumar as Pavithra Dileepan, Dileepan's wife
* Sumathi Sri as Bhanumathy: Saranya's foster mother
* Franklin as Dileepan's father
* Kumaresan as Sathya's father
* Babitha as Sathya's mother

===Former===
* [[Nisha Ganesh]] as Sathya (episodes 1–120), replaced by Sowmya Rao Nadig on further episodes
* [[L. Raja]] as Inspector Raja Velraj, Saranya's father
* Shyam as Santhosh, Saranya's classmate and friend
* Feroz Khan as Engine Bhaskar, a local goon and terrorist, obsessed with Saranya and with a grudge on Vikram
* Nesan as Mahesh (Thalaivar), a cruel politician and Bhaskar's brother
* Fauzil Hidayah as Madhavi, Mahesh and Bhaskar's sister, who was in love with Vikram
* Meenakshi as Pavun Mahesh, Thalaivar's wife
* "Murattu Pandian" Baboos as Auto Arnold

===Special appearances===
* KPY Ramar as himself
* [[Abhinayashree]] as herself
* Radhika Rao as Dhivya, to promote her new show [[Ponnukku Thanga Manasu (TV series)|Ponnukku Thanga Manasu]]

== Production ==
===Casting===
[[Amit Bhargav]] was chosen due to his amazing performance in [[Kalyanam Mudhal Kadhal Varai]]. [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]] was chosen to play one of the female leads but she declined. News Anchor Sharanya Turadi Sundaraj later chosen, is making their debut with the series. [[Nisha Krishnan]] was chosen as well after her great performances in many shows on [[Vijay TV]].later that role acted by Sowmya Rao Nadig <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/why-nisha-krishnan-walked-out-vijay-tvs-nenjam-marappathillai-765375|title=Why Nisha Krishnan walked out of Vijay TV's Nenjam Marappathillai|publisher=www.ibtimes.co.in|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en|archive-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510051354/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/why-nisha-krishnan-walked-out-vijay-tvs-nenjam-marappathillai-765375|url-status=live}}</ref> Later Sowmya was replaced role of Sathya in Episode: 122, formerly featured in the series ''[[Valli (TV series)|Valli]]''. [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] was cast to portray the negative role of Akhilandeshwari. Other supporting cast include [[Ashwanth Thilak]], Sri Durga and J. Lalitha.

===Development===
On 27 August 2017, the first promo of the show one minute 'Song' was released by [[Vijay TV]] on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVJZzkZLRfU|title=நெஞ்சம் மறப்பதில்லை - விரைவில்...|date=27 August 2017 |publisher=Youtube Vijay TV}}</ref> On 21 May 2017, the second, On 3 September 2017 promo of the show was released by [[Vijay TV]].

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable" width="85%"
|- bgcolor="blue"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Year
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Award
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Category
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Recipient
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"| Role
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Result
|-
| rowspan="16" | 2018
| rowspan="2" | Galatta Nakshathra Awards
| Best Actor
| [[Amit Bhargav]]
| Vikram
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Pair
| [[Amit Bhargav]] & Sharanya Turadi Sundaraj
| Vikram & Saranya
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="14" | [[Vijay Television Awards|4th Vijay Television Awards]]
| Favourite Actor Female
| Sharanya Turadi Sundaraj
| Saranya
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Actor Male
| [[Amit Bhargav]]
| Vikram
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Screen Pair
| [[Amit Bhargav]] & Sharanya Turadi Sundaraj
| Vikram & Saranya
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Supporting Actor Female
| Asha Rani
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Supporting Actor Male
| Murali Kumar
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Dop
| R.S Saravanan
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Fiction Series
| Nenjam Marappathillai
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Crew Fiction
| Raja Rani
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Find
| Sharanya Turadi Sundaraj
| Saranya
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Father
| Raja
| R. Velraj
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Negative Role
| [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
| Akhilandeshwari
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Mother
| Sumathi Sri
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Favourite Mamiyar
| J. Lalitha
| Jaya
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Director
|
|
| {{Nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt10196134}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/nenjam-marapathillai/15382 ''Nenjam Marappathillai''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2017 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television series based on Bengali-languages television series]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]

Frog Hill View Point

2025-08-26T04:20:36Z

Ovfanclub786: fix intro to improve readability and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{coord|11.4991711|76.5187653|display=title}}
[[File:Frog Hill NH-181 Nilgiris Aug25 A7CR 07360.jpg|thumb|Frog Hill above the Gudalur valley]]
[[File:Gudalur Needle Rock Valley View Nilgiris Aug25 A7CR 07358.jpg|thumb|Needle rock and Gudalur valley from the view point]]
'''Frog Hill View Point''' (also '''Valley View Point''') is a tourist spot above [[Gudalur, Nilgiris|Gudalur, Nilgiris district]], Tamil Nadu, India. It is about {{Convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Gudalur on NH 181 from [[Ooty]] to Gudalur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Gudalur-tpr/about_municipality.html|title=ABOUT MUNICIPALITYt|publisher=municipality.tn.gov.in/|accessdate=30 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810075851/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Gudalur-tpr/about_municipality.html|archive-date=10 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in/gudalur1.htm|title=GUDALUR|publisher=nilgiris.tn.gov.in|accessdate=30 September 2011|archive-date=15 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115131249/http://www.nilgiris.tn.gov.in/gudalur1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Gudalur (Nilgiris district)|Gudalur]]
* [[Pykara]]
* [[Needle Rock View Point]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Tourism in The Nilgiris}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nilgiris district]]

{{Nilgiris-geo-stub}}

Garuda Upanishad

2025-08-24T03:47:49Z

Ovfanclub786:

{{Primary sources|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox Upanishad
| image =[[File:Garuda Belur May 2009.jpg|210px]]
| caption =Statue of Garuda, Belur
| alt =
| name = Garuda Upanishad
| Devanagari = गरुडोपनिषद्
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Garuḍopaniṣad
| meaning =The Upanishad of Garuda
| composition_date =
| authors =
| type = Vaishnava
| Veda = [[Atharvaveda]]
| Brahmana =
| Aranyaka =
| chapters = 1
| verses = 25
| philosophy =
| commentary =
| verse =
| previous =
| next =
}}{{Short description|Hindu Vaishnava scripture}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
'''Garuda Upanishad''' or '''Garudopanishad''' is one of 108 [[Upanishad]]ic [[Hindu scriptures]], written in [[Sanskrit]] language. It is dedicated to [[Garuda]], the eagle-demigod [[vahana|mount]] of the god [[Vishnu]]. It is a [[Vaishnava Upanishads|Vaishnava Upanishad]], and associated with the [[Vaishnava]] sect,<ref>Garuda Upanisad, [https://kaalchakra.in/garuda-upanishad-unveiling-the-mystical-insights-of-lord-garuda/ Unveiling the Mystical Insight of Lord Garuda]</ref> which worships Vishnu, and is associated with the ''[[Atharvaveda]]''.<ref>{{Citation|title=An outline of the religious literature of India|first=John Nicol|last=Farquhar|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford university press|year=1920|isbn=81-208-2086-X|page=364}}</ref> It is considered as "late" Upanishad in terms of dating.<ref name="Dalal2014">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=18 April 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9|pages=478}}</ref> The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has [[mantra]]s and charms that are said to cure poison. The text says that its charms not only prevent and remedy snakebite and the venom, but also poison from any other source like other poisonous animals, weapons and supernatural beings. Therefore, the Upanishad aim to seek freedom from fear of all types of poisonous creatures.<ref>Swami Harshananda, [https://references.rkmm.org/external/manual/a-concise-encyclopaedia-of-hinduism/article/garu%E1%B8%8Da-upani%E1%B9%A3ad?p=03408e62817b3af3099725755af0978b04fddd5ece0745ea1b7f78cbb5508433 A Concise Encyclopaedia of Hinduism]</ref>

==Purpose==
The [[Germany|German]] [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] [[Paul Deussen]], who partially translated the ''Garuda Upanishad'' describes it essentially as a snake-charm dedicated to Garuda, the mount of Vishnu, and the eternal foe of serpents. It serves two objectives: to prevent snakebite and to alleviate the evil effects of the bite. The snake charm was elevated to the status of the Upanishad due to the imminent danger of snakebite in India, where people had to walk in the dark in snake-infested regions or work in fields and forests. Pious people following the dictum of [[Ahimsa]] have to resort to snake charm, as for them killing snakes is taboo.<ref name="Deussen1997">{{cite book|author=Paul Deussen|title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1467-7|pages=663–4}}</ref> The snake charm is similar to the other spells of the sage [[Bharadvaja]], who is said to have taught the ''Garuda Upanishad'' charms to his disciples. Bharadvaja's spells are said to prevent or cure infectious diseases, wounds by weapons and carnivorous wild beasts like tigers and bites and infestations by insects and worms. However, snakes feature prominently in these spells due to higher probability and danger of snakebite.<ref name="Varenne222"/>

==Content==
[[File:Garuda picture sreevallabha temple.JPG|thumb|Garuda wearing various serpent-ornaments.]]
The ''Garuda Upanishad'' has 25 stanzas. It begins with a generic prayer to the gods for protection. Garuda, [[Indra]], the sun-god [[Surya]] and [[Brihaspati]] are invoked for their blessing. The prayer ends with the wish: Let there be Peace.<ref name="Varenne223ff">Varenne pp. 223–5</ref> The text declares this knowledge was taught by the god [[Brahma]] to the sage [[Narada]]. It was passed through successive teachers: Narada, Brihatsena, the god Indra, the sage Bharadvaja. Bharadvaja taught it to his students, who spread it across the world.<ref name="Deussen1997"/> This scientific knowledge is said to destroy poison in all its forms.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name=rahasya>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vedarahasya.net/garuda.htm|title=Garuda Upanishad|publisher= vedarahasya.net}}</ref> Then starts the sermon of Brahma to Narada.

The second part is dedicated to the iconography or ''dhyana'' of Garuda.<ref name="Varenne223ff"/> A ''dhyana'' is the iconographical form of a deity that a devotee must visualize while performing [[Dhyana in Hinduism|dhyana]] (meditation). Meditating on a deity is said to placate the god. The ''dhyana'' in the ''Garuda Upanishad'' is also replicated in other texts.<ref name="Das1951">{{cite book|author=Chittaranjan Das|title=Studies in medieval religion and literature of Orissa|year=1951|publisher=Visva-Bharati|page=86}}</ref> Garuda is said to be wearing various [[Nāga|Naga]]s (serpent-gods) as ornaments. The Naga [[Vasuki (snake)|Vasuki]] is his [[yagnopavita|sacred thread]]. [[Takshaka]] is his girdle. Padma and Mahapadma are his earrings, Karkota his necklace, Shankha and Gulika his jewels. Other nagas serve him as his servants. Garuda's iconography is consistent with a bird of prey like an eagle or a kite. His body is reddish-saffron. His hips are white, his lower legs golden, his arms long and his shoulders broad. His face is fair. The beak is bluish-dark. The great mount of Vishnu, Garuda, is finally invoked to destroy poison.<ref name="Varenne226">Varenne p. 226</ref>

The third part is incantations. Garuda is praised as the lord of birds with allusions to his iconography.<ref name="Varenne226ff"/> He is invoked to annihilate the poison. Then "she" is called to destroy the poison and kills it finally. It is unclear who the feminine pronouns are referring to, possibly the [[shakti]] of Garuda. The poison is killed by Garuda's magic, by Indra's thunderbolt weapon ([[Vajra]]).<ref name="Varenne226ff">Varenne pp. 226–7</ref>

The fourth part is a hymn ([[stotra]]) to Garuda. Garuda is exalted. Various parts of his body are compared to [[Vedic meter|Vedic poetic meter]]s like the [[Gayatri mantra]]-meter, ''stomas'' (division of the [[Veda]]s), and sacred texts called ''Saman''.<ref name="Varenne227ff">Varenne pp. 227–8</ref>

[[File:Nagashila.JPG|thumb|Nagas worshipped in a Hindu temple.]]
The fifth part are charms to counter the divine Nagas or their messengers. The charm to counter the Nagas [[Shesha|Anantaka (Ananta)]], Vasuki, Takshaka, Karkotaka (Karkota), Pulika, Shakha(ka), Padma(ka), Mahapadma(ka), Gulika, Kulika, Paundra, Kalika, Elapatraka (Ela) and Nagaka are told. The charm is repeated many times starting with the name of the Naga it counters. The charm which partly appears in the "[[Incantations]]" part of the Upanishad. "He moves", referring to Garuda; then "she will do the job, destroy the poison" and the poison is declared destroyed. The destruction of poison is again associated to Indra's weapon ([[Vajra]]).<ref name="Varenne228ff">Varenne pp. 228–31</ref>

The end of this part states where the charms can be used. Diseases caused by the Nagas as well as wounds by their "venomous beaks, teeth, tusks, limbs and tails"; infestations caused by other poisonous animals like scorpions, spiders, lizards, rats, insects found in places such as houses, forests, fields, mountains, and bites by animals including tigers, dogs, worms and boars are cured by the charm.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text declares that the charm is a remedy for cuts, spits and other wounds by poisonous arrows, swords and other weapons as well as wounds by harmful supernatural beings like [[Yaksha]]s (nature-spirits), [[Rakshasa]]s (demons), [[preta]]s (ghosts) and [[Bhoot (ghost)|bhuta]]s (ghosts).<ref name="Varenne228ff"/> The text emphasizes that poison from any source can be cured by these charms.<ref name="Varenne228ff"/>

The last part of the Upanishad is by tradition the "fruit" of the text, which tells the advantages of the text. One who listens to the ''Garuda Upanishad'' on an [[amavasya|amavashya]] (new moon night) is said to immune a person from snake bite for 12 years. One who hears the text and keeps it with him as an amulet is saved from snakebite for life. One who teaches it to eight [[Brahmin]]s, will be able to cure snakebite by touching the inflicted person with grass, wood or ashes. One who teaches it to a hundred Brahmins, can cure poison by looking the wound. One who teaches it to a thousand can cure it by mere thought.<ref name="Deussen1997"/><ref name="Varenne231">Varenne p. 231</ref>

==Publication==
The ''Garuda Upanishad'' was first published in 1883 by S. Subrahmanya in [[Telugu language]] in [[Chennai]], India and then in 1885 in Albrecht Weber. In 1891, G. A. Jacob published it in his ''Eleven Atharvana Upanishads''. Paul Deussen partially translated it into [[German language|German]] and published it in 1897. V. L. Panshikar Shastri published it numerous times in [[Mumbai]] in Sanskrit; first edition in 1913. Another version was published by Adayar Library in Chennai in 1923. While the text is the same in Panshikar Shastri's and Adiyar Library's edition, numbering of paragraphs differs; the Chennai edition is considered more accurate.<ref name="Varenne222">Varenne p. 222</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|author=J. Varenne |title=India Maior: Congratulatory Volume Presented to J. Gonda|year=1972|publisher=Brill Archive|pages=222–31|chapter=The Garuda Upanisad|id=GGKEY:LHYW0J7RLK8}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gayathrimanthra.com/contents/documents/Vedic-related/Garuda_Upanishad.pdf Garuda Upanishad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020858/http://www.gayathrimanthra.com/contents/documents/Vedic-related/Garuda_Upanishad.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} in Sanskrit

{{Mukhya Upanishads}}

[[Category:Upanishads]]

Khagol Mandal

2025-08-23T16:41:32Z

Ovfanclub786:

{{Short description|Amateur astronomy organisation in Mumbai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
'''Khagol Mandal''' is an organisation of amateur [[astronomer]]s in [[Mumbai, India]]. Established in 1985 by a handful of astronomy enthusiasts, the organisation has grown into a membership of 1000+. The organisation was founded and is still based in Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=187421 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614004952/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=187421 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 June 2006 |title=Express India |publisher=Cities.expressindia.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref>

The organisation was founded a year before the arrival of the Halley's comet and succeeded in its intent to generate curiosity among the general public about the comet.

The organisation previously had various geographical units located at Sion (head office), Dombivali, Nashik, Panvel and Pune. Now, the Sion and Nashik units remain functional. Each unit meets periodically (usually once a week) and conducts local astronomical programs and arranges lectures/slide-shows, etc. In addition each unit also runs its own library where members can avail of books on astronomy and related subjects. Each unit is assigned a head who reports to the central committee periodically. The unit-head prepares monthly accounts, conducts inventories and arranges for all administrative requirements of the members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_romancing-the-stars_1252382 |title=Romancing the stars - Lifestyle - DNA |publisher=[[Dnaindia.com]] |date=2009-05-03 |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref>

In addition to the above units, the Mandal (as it is affectionately called by its members) owns land at Vangani in Thane district of Maharashtra state of India. This place and other nearby places in the vicinity are used to conduct observation sessions for the general public as well as for members. Generally the programs are conducted on Saturday evenings/nights nearest to the New moon day. This allows the observers to view the faint deep-sky objects without interference from the moon-light. Approx 8-10 programs open to the public are conducted per year. The months of July, August and September are avoided which coincide with the Southwest Monsoon season in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990731/ige31035p.html |title=Indian Express: Celestial spectacle eclipses all |publisher=Expressindia.com |accessdate=2011-02-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011195526/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990731/ige31035p.html |archivedate=2012-10-11 }}</ref>

The Mandal published two periodicals --- Khagol Warta in the local language Marathi (translated in English it means astro-news) and Vaishwik in English (which means Universal) for several years. While the Khagol Warta was published bi-monthly (six issues per year) the Vaishwik was published tri-monthly (four times per year). <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khagolmandal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21&Itemid=36 |title=About Us |publisher=Khagolmandal.org |date=2006-04-13 |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Amateur astronomy]]
* [[List of astronomical societies]]
* [[Star party]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.khagolmandal.com/ Khagol Mandal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110208012951/http://sajvishwa.com/ SAJ Vidnyan]

{{Portal bar|India|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System|Education|Science}}

[[Category:Amateur astronomy organizations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1985]]
[[Category:Astronomy in India]]
[[Category:Scientific societies based in India]]

2025 Kerala oil spill

2025-07-30T15:54:24Z

Ovfanclub786: created stub.

{{Short description|Environmental disaster}}
{{Infobox oil spill
| spill_name = 2025 Kerala oil spill
| spill_date = 25 May 2025
| location = Vizhinjam port to Kochi, [[Arabian Sea]]
| coordinates =
| image = MSC ELSA 3 sinking.jpg
| image_caption = The container ship ''MSC Elsa 3'' while sinking
| cause = Sinking of ''MSC Elsa 3''
| operator =
| casualties = 0
| volume =
| area =
}}
The '''2025 Kerala oil spill''' occurred after the [[Liberia|Liberian]]-[[Maritime flag|flagged]] vessel ''MSC Elsa 3'' capsized in the [[Arabian Sea]] on May 25, near [[Kochi]] due to flooding in one of its compartments. The vessel was carrying 640 containers, including hazardous materials such as calcium carbide and sulphur, alongside the diesel and furnace oil. All 24 crew members, including the captain and engineers aboard were safely rescued by the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] after a coordinated rescue operation. No major oil spill had reached Kerala’s shoreline by Tuesday noon, though an oil slick was detected near the sinking site. Several containers were washed along the Kerala coast in locations including [[Neendakara]], [[Sakthikulangara]], [[Chavara]], [[Cheriazheekkal]], and [[Thrikkunnapuzha]]. Authorities have imposed a fishing restriction within a 20-nautical-mile radius of the site.

The Kerala government has issued a high alert and response teams including Indian Coast Guard, Navy, [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Forest Department]], Pollution Control Board, and local disaster management authorities were sent across coastal districts to manage pollution control and cleanup operations. AITUC State president T.J. Anjelose appointed a judicial commission to investigate compliance with [[International Maritime Organization]] safety norms, to study long-term ecological impacts, and to ensure compensation for affected fishermen.

== Incident ==

On 25 May 2025, the [[Liberia|Liberian]]-[[Maritime flag|flagged]] container ship ''MSC Elsa 3'' sank roughly 38 nautical miles southwest of [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]], after flooding in one of its holds caused it to eventually capsize.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2025 |title=India's Kerala state on high alert as vessel with hazardous cargo sinks off its coast |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-sunken-container-ship-c7dc8c7f25e91ef96873ad05c57a3120 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The vessel was loaded with 640–643 containers, including 13 with hazardous materials (such as calcium carbide and sulphur), and carried 84.44 tonnes of diesel and 367.1 tonnes of furnace oil.<ref name="shipwreck">{{Cite news |date=30 May 2025 |title=State declares shipwreck a disaster, announces aid for fisherfolk |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/state-declares-shipwreck-a-disaster-announces-aid-for-fisherfolk/articleshow/121503093.cms |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Amid monsoon conditions, more than 100 containers were reported lost at sea, with at least 20 confirmed to have washed ashore.<ref name="shipwreck"/> All 24 crew members, 21 evacuated the previous evening and the remaining three, including the captain and chief engineer, rescued early Sunday were safely brought ashore by the Indian Navy and Coast Guard.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Devasia |first1=Jose |last2=Thomas |first2=Chris |last3=Thomas |first3=Chris |date=26 May 2025 |title=India rushes to contain oil spill as vessel sinks off Kerala coast |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-rushes-contain-oil-spill-vessel-sinks-off-kerala-coast-2025-05-26/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==

The Indian Coast Guard deployed {{INS|Sujata}}, [[Aadesh-class patrol vessel|ICGS ''Arnvesh'']] and [[Samarth-class offshore patrol vessel|ICGS ''Saksham'']] and a Dornier aircraft to contain and monitor oil slicks under the "National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan", following the sinking of ''MSC Elsa 3''.<ref name="HinduAlert">{{cite web |title=Kerala govt issues high alert along coastline after cargo ship sinks, raising fears of oil spill |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-govt-issues-high-alert-along-coastline-after-cargo-ship-sinks-raising-fears-of-oil-spill/article69620801.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=26 May 2025}}</ref> As of 27 May 2025, a few oil traces were detected offshore and defense sources confirmed that no significant spill had reached Kerala’s coastline.<ref name="HinduNoSpill">{{cite web |title=Kerala coast unaffected by oil spill |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-coast-unaffected-by-oil-spill/article69626225.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=27 May 2025}}</ref>
Authorities issued public advisories urging residents to maintain a minimum 200 metre distance from any washed-up containers and to report sightings to emergency services.<ref name="ExpressRescue">{{cite web |title=Liberian ship sinks off Kerala coast; Navy rescues all 24 crew members |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/May/25/liberian-ship-sinks-off-kerala-coast-navy-rescues-all-24-crew-members |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=25 May 2025}}</ref> Fishing activities were prohibited within a 20 nautical-mile radius of the wreck site.<ref name="HinduAlert" />

Chief Minister [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] declared a statewide coastal high alert and directed the deployment of rapid response teams in all coastal districts.<ref name="HinduAlert" /> Local administration initiated beach cleanup efforts to remove hazardous debris.<ref name="DTEContainers">{{cite web |title=MSC Elsa 3 capsizing sparks concerns over oil spills in Kerala, revealing state's vulnerability in addressing them |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/pollution/msc-elsa-3-capsizing-sparks-concerns-over-oil-spills-in-kerala-revealing-states-vulnerability-in-addressing-them |website=Down to Earth |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=6 June 2025}}</ref>
A facilitation centre was set up in Kochi under the jurisdiction of Capt. Aneesh Joseph, coordinating interim relief and insurance claims. Fishermen from [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kollam]], [[Alappuzha]], and [[Ernakulam]] were effected.<ref name="WireClaim">{{cite web |title=Shipwreck Kerala demands accountability from MSC Elsa 3 owners |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2025/05/29/mds34-kl-shipwreck-cm.html |website=The Wire |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=6 June 2025}}</ref> The [[Fort Kochi]] Coastal Police registered a criminal FIR against the ship’s master and crew under sections of the [[Indian Penal Code]] for navigation errors and environmental negligence.<ref name="TOIFIR">{{cite web |title=16 days on, Kerala police file criminal case over sinking of Liberian-flagged cargo vessel MSC Elsa 3, says crew's mishandling led to mishap |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/16-days-on-police-register-case-over-cargo-ship-sinking/articleshow/121786189.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=16 June 2025 |date=10 June 2025}}</ref> The Chief Secretary advised the state from pursue charges immediately, to avoid jeopardizing evidence critical for insurance processing.<ref name="WireClaim" />

== Broader Implications ==

The sinking of ''MSC Elsa 3'' has raised concerns about maritime safety practices in Indian waters, particularly the transport of hazardous materials.<ref name="Cherylann">{{cite web |author1=Cherylann Mollan |title=Kerala: India state on alert after ship carrying hazardous cargo capsizes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdd2mr388ypo |website=www.bbc.com |access-date=26 May 2025 |date=26 May 2025}}</ref> The Liberian-flagged vessel was carrying 13 containers with hazardous cargo including 12 containers of [[calcium carbide]] when it sank around 14.6 nautical miles off the coast of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Distressed Container Ship Sinks Near Kochi, Authorities Say No Oil Leak So Far |url=https://thewire.in/environment/container-ship-sinks-no-oil-leak-kochi |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ExpressRescue"/>
While no significant oil slick had reached Kerala’s shores as of 27 May 2025, the Indian Coast Guard deployed containment vessels and aircraft to monitor and manage the probable risk. Officials confirmed a minor fuel leak and warned that rough seas and monsoon currents could disperse oil and debris along multiple coastal districts.<ref name="HinduAlert" /> Environmental concerns began after containers started washing ashore in Kollam and Alappuzha districts. The Kerala government imposed restrictions on fishing activities within a 20-nautical-mile radius and issued warnings against handling any washed-up cargo.<ref name="ExpressRescue"/> The State also deployed rapid response teams to recover debris and mitigate contamination risks from potential oil settling on the seabed.<ref name="HinduAlert" /> The [[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC) demanded the government to form a judicial commission to investigate the ship’s compliance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) safety norms. The union also requested disclosure of the full list of hazardous cargo and compensation for fishing communities affected by the potential pollution.<ref name="HinduJudicial">{{Cite news |date=27 May 2025 |title='Kerala coast unaffected by oil spill' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-coast-unaffected-by-oil-spill/article69626225.ece |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The incident has also triggered debate about the risks associated with “flags of convenience.” Despite being managed internationally, the ship was registered in Liberia and the practice that allows shipowners to operate under jurisdictions with more lenient regulatory regimes.<ref name="IndianExpress_Ownership">{{cite web |last=Nair |first=Prasanth |title=Who is responsible for the container ship that capsized off Kerala's coast? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/who-is-responsible-for-the-container-ship-that-capsized-off-keralas-coast-the-answer-is-intentionally-confusing-10038922/ |website=The Indian Express |date=30 May 2025 |access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref> Marine ecology experts have warned that even trace quantities of furnace oil, in combination with calcium carbide and plastic waste, could lead to long-term disruption of benthic habitats and affect marine biodiversity along the Kerala coast.<ref name="Mongabay">{{cite web |author=Navya P K |title=Shipwreck raises concerns about ecological damage in Kerala |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2025/05/shipwreck-raises-concerns-about-ecological-damage-in-kerala/ |website=Mongabay India |date=29 May 2025 |access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref> ''Down to Earth'' says, the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) admitted it lacks a finalized oil spill contingency plan, a significant shortfall given Kerala’s vulnerable coastline which lies near an international oil shipping route. Although initial planning began in 2016, delays and re-tendering processes have halted completion of the emergency response plan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaji |first=K. A. |date=26 May 2025 |title=MSC Elsa 3 capsizing sparks concerns over oil spills in Kerala, revealing state's vulnerability in addressing them |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/pollution/msc-elsa-3-capsizing-sparks-concerns-over-oil-spills-in-kerala-revealing-states-vulnerability-in-addressing-them |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=Down To Earth |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{2025 shipwrecks}}
{{Disasters in India in 2025}}

[[Category:2025 in Kerala]]
[[Category:2025 disasters in India|Kerala oil spill]]
[[Category:May 2025 in India]]

Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida

2025-07-09T22:32:46Z

Ovfanclub786: New A Post Added Tags!

{{Short description|Educational region in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Knowledge Park III
| subdivision_name3 = Greater Noida
| settlement_type = Commercial district
| image_skyline = Knowledge Park 3 night view.jpg
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|28|21|N|77|29|20|E|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[North India]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_type3 = City
| official_name =
| unit_pref =
| governing_body = Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority
| elevation_m =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 201306-10
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| native_name = नॉलेज पार्क 3
| native_name_lang = hi
| image_caption = A street light near Delhi Technical Campus in Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida
}}
'''Knowledge Park III''' or '''Knowledge Park 3''' ({{Langx|hi|नॉलेज पार्क 3}}) is a sector in south-western [[Greater Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-08|title=UP approves 15-km metro link to realty hub Greater Noida West|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/up-approves-15-km-metro-link-to-realty-hub-greater-noida-west/story-Rx5CJ7id7GyqVJc2fWDiyJ.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-25|title=Greater Noida launches plot scheme for schools, religious buildings|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/noida/greater-noida-launches-plot-scheme-for-schools-religious-buildings/story-UBwSDygzvvVHK1jbBgiIJI.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|first=Abhijay|last=Jha|date=24 Nov 2021|title=Air quality deteriorates in Greater Noida, Ghaziabad as winds slow down, may turn 'very poor' today {{!}} Noida News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/air-quality-deteriorates-as-winds-slow-down-may-turn-very-poor-today/articleshow/87877383.cms|access-date=2022-02-10|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Bordered by [[Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida|Knowledge Park II]] to the south and Gamma I to the east, it serves numerous private and public institutes, including [[G.L Bajaj Institute Of Technology and management]], [[Sharda University]], Delhi Technical Campus, Dronacharya Group of Institutions and Amity University alongside several skill development training centres.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-09|title=Greater Noida: 10 skill centres to become functional from August 10|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/greater-noida-10-skill-centres-to-become-functional-from-august-10-101625769085895.html|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Greater Noida]]
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]

{{GautamBuddhNagar-geo-stub}}