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Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7

2026-05-25T14:23:22Z

Omhospital: put up a data!

{{short description|Reality TV game show, Telugu language}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television season
| image = Bigg Boss 7 Telugu logo.jpg
| image_alt =
| bgcolor = #0000A0
| caption = Season 7 eye logo
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Akkineni Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]]
| num_days = 105
| num_housemates = 19
| runner_up = Amardeep Chowdary
| winner = Pallavi Prashanth
}}
| num_episodes = 106
| network = [[Star Maa]] [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|09|3|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2023|12|17|df=yes}}
| next_season = [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 8|Season 8]]
| season_number = 7
| starring =
}}

'''''Bigg Boss 7''''' also known as '''''Bigg Boss 7: Ulta Pulta''''', is a reality show and the seventh season of the Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[reality television]] series ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'' produced by [[Endemol India|Endemol Shine India]] (now merged with [[Banijay]]). The show premiered on 3 September 2023, on [[Star Maa]] and [[Disney+ Hotstar]], with [[Akkineni Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] returning as a host for the fifth time in a row.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Star Maa reveals Bigg Boss Telugu Season 7 logo |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/star-maa-reveals-bigg-boss-telugu-season-7-logo-808514 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official: Nagarjuna on board for 'Bigg Boss 7,' here is the video |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/official-nagarjuna-on-board-for-bigg-boss-7-telugu-here-is-the-video-809928 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 7: All About Nagarjuna Hosted Reality Show Before Its Premiere |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-telugu-season-7-all-about-nagarjuna-hosted-reality-show-before-its-premiere-1627289 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=ABP Live |language=en}}</ref>

The season's finale took place on 17 December 2023 with Pallavi Prashanth winning the title along with {{INR}}50 [[lakh]] prize money, 15 lakh worth diamond jewelry and a luxurious car,<ref name=":24" /> while Amardeep Chowdary emerged as the first runner-up.<ref name=":25" />

== Production ==
=== Eye Logo ===
On 10 July 2023, the makers unveiled the title logo. Coming on the logo, the seventh number has been placed between the English Bigg Boss words to represent the seventh season. Moreover, the eye symbol which is the trade mark of this show is also present in this logo. Neon logo of Bigg Boss 7 takes center stage, casting a luminous glow that engulfs your screen. The vibrant blend of blue and red emanates a pulsating energy, embodying the essence of excitement and passion. Its sleek design adds an international touch, promising an entertainment experience like no other.<ref name=":2"/>

=== Teasers ===
On 18 July 2023, the show makers released a promo with host [[Akkineni Nagarjuna]] and next promo teased the unique "Ulta-Pulta" tagline referring to the uniqueness that this season is about to have and also said that this season will be different and against audience expectations and imaginations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 promo out - Ulta Pulta |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2023/bigg-boss-telugu-7-reality-show-makers-release-unique-promo-with-nagarjuna-as-host-fans-ask-why-h-357367.html}}</ref>

=== Concept ===
The concept for this season of Bigg Boss was "Ulta-Pulta", which meant everything would be opposite from the previous seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Promo Out: Everything's Gonna Be 'Ulta Pulta' As Nagarjuna Unveils This Competitive Indulgence {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-telugu-7-promo-out-everything-gonna-be-ulta-pulta-as-nagarjuna-unveils-this-competitive-indulgence-watch-video-10093139 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>

=== 24x7 streaming ===
The show is streamed 24/7 on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and an hour-long episode every day on [[Star Maa]]. The episodes are being shown on a 24-hour live stream, from Monday to Friday.<ref name=":0" />

=== Voting process ===
One vote can be made through Disney+Hostar app (per account) and missed call (per mobile number) unlike earlier where users were allowed to make 10 votes per Disney+Hostar account and per phone number.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desam |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-09-03 |title=పెద్దాయన మారిపోయుండు - 'బిగ్ బాస్' ఓటింగ్ విషయంలో కీలక మార్పులు, ఇలాగైతే కష్టమే! |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/bigg-boss/voting-process-of-bigg-boss-7-telugu-comes-with-new-rules-announces-nagarjuna-114165 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref>

== Housemates status ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
!S.no.
! scope="col" style="background: #0000Z0;color: black"|Housemate
! scope="col" style="background:#0000Z0;color: black"|Day entered
! scope="col" style="background: #0000Z0;color: black"|Day exited
! scope="col" style="background: #0000Z0;color: black"|Status
!Ref.
|-
|1
|Prashanth
|Day 1
|Day 105
|{{Won|Winner}}
|<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: Prashant emerges as the winner and gets the trophy. He also bagged 35 lakh prize money, 15 lakh worth diamond jewelry and a luxurious car. |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2
|Amardeep
|Day 1
|Day 105
|{{Runner-up|1st Runner-up}}
|<ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: Amardeep becomes Runner-up |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|3
|Sivaji
|Day 1
|Day 105
|style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center;" |2nd Runner-up
|<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: Sivaji becomes 2nd Runner-up |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|4
|Yawar
|Day 1
|Day 105
|{{Quit|{{nowrap|3rd Runner-up, Walked}}}}
|<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: Prince Yawar Walks Out With 15 Lakhs from prize money and becomes 3rd Runner-up |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|5
|Priyanka
|Day 1
|Day 105
|style="background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;" |4th Runner-up
|<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: Priyanka becomes 4th Runner-up |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|6
|Arjun
|Day 35
|Day 105
| style="background:beige; text-align:center;" |5th Runner-up
|<ref name=":29">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-21 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Grand Finale: First finalist Arjun becomes 5th Runner-up |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-grand-finale-prashant-clinches-the-crown/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|7
|Shobha
|Day 1
|Day 98
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":23" />
|-
|8
|Gautham
|Day 1
|Day 91
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":14" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |9
| rowspan="2" |Rathika
|Day 1
|Day 28
| {{Eliminated|Evicted}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 28: A Game of Guessing and Eviction Shocker |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-28-a-game-of-guessing-and-eviction-shocker/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-10-23 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: The Dasara Celebrations ended with Pooja's elimination and Rathika's re-entry |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-50-the-dasara-celebrations-ended-with-poojas-elimination-and-rathikas-re-entry/ |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":20" />
|-
|Day 49
|Day 84
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|10
|Ashwini
|Day 35
|Day 83
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":21" />
|-
|11
|Bhole
|Day 35
|Day 70
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Shocker in Bigg Boss 7 Telugu as Bhole Shavali Faces Elimination |url=https://www.telugu360.com/shocker-in-bigg-boss-7-telugu-as-bhole-shavali-faces-surprise-elimination/ |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|12
|Teja
|Day 1
|Day 63
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Special Guests and Teja's Emotional Exit |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-special-guests-evictions-and-emotional-moments/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|13
|Sandeep
|Day 1
|Day 56
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
||<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: Sandeep gets evicted |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-7-sandeep-gets-evicted/articleshow/104812987.cms |access-date=2023-10-31 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|14
|Pooja
|Day 35
|Day 49
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|15
|Nayani
|Day 35
|Day 42
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=From being the last wild card entry to getting eliminated in the first week: Major Highlights of Nayani Pavani's Bigg Boss Journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/from-being-the-last-wild-card-entry-to-getting-eliminated-in-the-first-week-major-highlights-of-nayani-pavanis-bigg-boss-journey/photostory/104487826.cms |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|16
|Subhasree
|Day 1
|Day 35
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|17
|Damini
|Day 1
|Day 21
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Bigg boss Telugu 7: 8 key highlights of evicted contestant Damini's 3-week journey in the house |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/igg-boss-telugu-7-8-key-highlights-of-evicted-contestant-daminis-3-week-journey-in-the-houseb/photostory/103928455.cms |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|18
|Shakeela
|Day 1
|Day 14
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |date=2023-09-18 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu: Contestant Shakila gets eliminated |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-contestant-shakila-eliminated-gets-eliminated/articleshow/103750402.cms?frmapp=yes |access-date=2023-09-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|19
|Kiran
|Day 1
|Day 7
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
||<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-09-10 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 weekend: Sunday the Funday ends with Kiran Rathod's elimination |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-weekend-sunday-the-funday-ends-with-kiran-rathods-elimination/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== Housemates ==
The participants in the order of appearance and entered to the house are:

=== Original entrants ===
* Priyanka Jain – Television actress. She is known for her performances in the TV shows ''[[Mounaraagam (Telugu TV series)|Mouna Raagam]]'' and ''[[Janaki Kalaganaledu]]'' etc.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-03 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 LIVE updates: Priyanka Jain enters as the first contestant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-7-live-updates-contestants-list-nagarjuna-bigg-boss-telugu-season-7-live-news/liveblog/103325561.cms |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] – Film actor and politician.<ref name=":12" />
* Damini Bhatla – Singer. Her notable works include "Paccha Bottasi" (from [[Baahubali: The Beginning (soundtrack)|''Baahubali: The Beginning'']]) and "Blast Baby" (from [[Godfather (2022 film)|''Godfather'']]).<ref name=":12" />
* Prince Yawar – Model and television actor.<ref name=":12" />
* Subhashree Rayaguru – Actress and lawyer.<ref name=":12" />
* [[Shakeela]] – Former actress and politician. She has featured in over 250 films and is also the member of the [[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=":12" />
* Sandeep – Dance choreographer.<ref name=":12" />
* Shobha Shetty – Television actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Dr. Monitha in [[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)|''Karthika Deepam'']].<ref name=":12" />
* Tasty Teja – YouTuber and comedian. He is known for his food vlogs on [[YouTube]]. Teja has also appeared in the TV show [[Jabardasth (TV series)|''Jabardasth'']]<ref name=":12" />
* Rathika Rose – Actress and [[internet celebrity]].<ref name=":12" />
* Gautham Krishna – Actor and doctor. He is known for his leading role in the film ''Aakasa Veedhullo''.<ref name=":12" />
* [[Kiran Rathod]] – Actress. Her notable works include ''[[Andaru Dongale Dorikite]]'' and ''[[Kevvu Keka]].''<ref name=":12" />
* Pallavi Prashanth – Farmer and YouTuber.<ref name=":12" />
* Amardeep Chowdary – Television actor. He is best known for his role in ''Siri Siri Muvvalu'', ''[[Janaki Kalaganaledu]]'', and many movies.<ref name=":12" />

=== Wild card entrants in 2.0 launch ===
* Ambati Arjun – Film and television actor. He is best known for his role in ''Agnisakshi'' and ''Devatha'' serials.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=says |first=Siva |title=BB Telugu 7 version 2.0: Wild Card Extravaganza - Meet the New Entrants |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bb-telugu-version-2-0-wild-card-extravaganza/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Aswini Shree – Actress and [[Internet celebrity]].<ref name=":1" />
* Bhole Shavali – Music director, writer and playback singer. He is known for his work for using words like "Yamaho Yama," "Banthi Poola Janaki," and "Dhanalaxmi Thalupu Thadithe" etc. in his songs for the hatke vibes.<ref name=":1" />
* Pooja Murthy – Television actress. She is known for her performance in the TV show ''Gundamma Katha''.<ref name=":1" />
* Nayani Pavani - Social media influencer, internet celebrity and a dancer.<ref name=":1" />

== Twists ==
=== Money offer ===
For the first time in the show's history, the first five contestants who had entered the house were allowed to walk out of the show after taking the money briefcase. The host offers from 5 Lakhs to 20 Lakhs for the first five contestants Priyanka, Sivaji, Damini, Yawar, Subhashree, and later increased to 35 Lakhs. However, All five contestants have not accepted the offer and expressed their determination to remain in the house and ready to face the challenges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-05 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 launch Live Updates: Nagarjuna's offer to first five contestants of the show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-launch-season-7-live-updates-host-nagarjuna-star-maa-disney-plus-hotstar-8922201/ |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

=== Power astra ===
In week 1-4, contestants had to compete in tasks to win the Power Astra. The winner of Power Astra will become confirmed housemate and get immunity from nomination.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
|-
!
!'''Week 1'''
!'''Week 2'''
!'''Week 3'''
!'''Week 4'''
|-
!Power Astra Contenders
|Priyanka <s>Rathika </s> Sandeep <s>Sivaji</s>
|Amardeep Shakeela Sivaji
|<s>Yawar</s> Priyanka Shobha
|Yawar Subhasree Prashanth
|- style="background:#FBF373"
!Power Astra Winner
|'''Sandeep'''
|'''Sivaji'''
|'''Shobha'''
|'''Prashanth'''
|}

=== Bedroom allotment ===
This season's house had three bedrooms: ''VIP Bedroom'', ''Deluxe Bedroom'' and ''Standard Bedroom'' with different comforts and privileges. '''Key:'''
:{{Color box|tan|border=silver}} indicates VIP Room
:{{Color box|purple|border=silver}} indicates Deluxe Room
:{{Color box|#D22B2B|border=silver}} indicates Standard Room
:{{Color box|#73C2FB|border=silver}} indicates Secret Room
: {{Color box|Navajowhite}} indicates the Power Astra Winner.
: {{Color box|#cfc}} indicates the House Captain.
: {{Color box|lightblue}} indicates the Guest.
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; font-family: sans-serif; line-height:20px;"
!
!Week 1
!{{nowrap|Week 2}}
!{{nowrap|Week 3}}
!{{nowrap|Week 4}}
!{{nowrap|Week 5}}
! colspan="2" |{{Nowrap|Week 6}}
!{{nowrap|Week 7}}
!{{nowrap|Week 8}}
!{{nowrap|Week 9}}
!{{nowrap|Week 10}}
!{{nowrap|Week 11}}
!{{nowrap|Week 12}}
!{{nowrap|Week 13}}
!{{nowrap|Week 14}}
!{{nowrap|Week 15}}
|-
!'''Allotment by'''
| bgcolor="lightblue" | '''Vijay Deverakonda'''
|bgcolor="navajowhite" |'''Sandeep'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="navajowhite" |'''Sandeep''' '''Sivaji'''
| bgcolor="navajowhite" | '''Sandeep''' '''Shobha''' '''Prashanth'''
| colspan="2" |'''Bhole''' '''Pooja''' '''Nayani'''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Yawar'''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Arjun'''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Gautham'''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Shobha'''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Sivaji'''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Priyanka'''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
| bgcolor="#cfc" | '''Amardeep'''
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|-
! colspan="17" style="background:#000;" |
|-
!Prashanth
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="3" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="3" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
|-
!Amardeep
|style="background:grey; color:white"|{{nowrap|''Not Assigned''}}
| colspan="4" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="3" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
|style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
|style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
|style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
|style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="2" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
|-
!Sivaji
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="2" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="3" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
|-
!Yawar
| style="background: grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="6" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="3" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
|-
!Priyanka
| style="background: grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="9" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
|-
!Arjun
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
|style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="2" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
|-
!Shobha
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="2" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="4" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="2" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
|bgcolor =#ccc|
|-
!Gautham
| style="background: grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="4" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| bgcolor="#73C2FB" |'''Secret'''
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="2" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="3" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Rathika
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="3" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="4" bgcolor="#ccc" |
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="3" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor=#ccc|
|-
!Ashwini
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="4" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="3" bgcolor=#ccc|
|-
!Bhole
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="5" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Teja
| colspan="2" style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="3" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="6" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Sandeep
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="4" style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| style="background:tan; color:black" |'''VIP'''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Pooja
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| style="background:#D22B2B; color:white" |'''Standard'''
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Nayani
| colspan="5" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="9" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
!Subhashree
| colspan="5" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="11" style="background:#ccc" |
|-
!Damini
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="2" style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="13" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Shakeela
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| style="background:purple; color:white" |'''Deluxe'''
| colspan="14" bgcolor="#ccc" |
|-
!Kiran
| style="background:grey; color:white" |''Not Assigned''
| colspan="15" style="background:#ccc" |
|}
</blockquote>

=== Bigg Boss 2.0 launch ===
On Day 35, Bigg Boss 2.0 was launched with five wild card entrant's, Arjun, Ashwini, Bhole, Pooja and Nayani entered into the house. The episode started with a bang by eliminating Subhashree by audience voting. After her elimination, Gautham was also announced eliminated by the decision of the housemates but later host sent him to the secret room until further orders from Bigg Boss. At the end, Host Nagarjuna confirmed that all the contestants are now considered as confirmed Housemates.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-10-08 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 – The 2.0 Launch: Nagarjuna gives shocking surprise as new contestants enter into the house along with Subhashree's elimination and Gautam goes into the secret room |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-the-2-0-launch-nagarjuna-gives-shocking-surprise-as-new-contestants-enter-into-the-house-along-with-subhashrees-elimination-and-gautam-goes-into-the-secret-room/ |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Special powers HOL, HOB and HOK ===
During Bigg Boss 2.0 launch, Host gave a special power called HOL ''(Heads of Luggages)'' to first two wild card entrant's Arjun and Ashwini. After attaining this power, these two need to decide the luggage allocation to the remaining housemates of the house. The next three wild card entrant's Bhole, Pooja and Nayani were given a power called HOB ''(Heads of Beds)''. These three contestants need to give a unanimous decision of allocating beds to the housemates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 2.0 Launch Live: Host Nagarjuna gave special powers to new contestants |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/bigg-boss-7-telugu-2-0-grand-launch-live-updates-know-new-contestants-wild-cards-on-nagarjuna-hosted-show-1084294.html |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref> Gautam was given a power called HOK ''(Head of Kitchen),'' he had to take care of the ration management. These three powers ended at the end of Week 6.

=== Mutual funds ===
Housemates had the earn coins when win Captaincy. These coins can be used to redeem special powers or luxuries. By the end of the season, the housemate with the most coins will win a special gift.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:20px;"
|-
!
!{{Nowrap|Week 5}}
!{{Nowrap|Week 6}}
!{{nowrap|Week 7}}
!{{nowrap|Week 8}}
!{{nowrap|Week 9}}
!Week 10
!Week 11
!Week 12
!Week 13
!Week 14
!Week 15
|-bgcolor=yellow
!Amardeep
| colspan="3" bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="6" |100🪙
|{{Nowrap|300🪙}}
|
|-bgcolor=yellow
!Arjun
| colspan="2" bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="6" |100🪙
| colspan="2" |{{Nowrap|200🪙}}
|
|-bgcolor=yellow
!Prashanth
|100🪙
| colspan="9" |{{nowrap|200🪙}}
|
|-bgcolor=yellow
!Priyanka
| colspan="6" bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="4" |100🪙
|
|- bgcolor="yellow"
!Sivaji
| colspan="5" bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="5" |100🪙
|
|- bgcolor="yellow"
!Yawar
| bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="9" |100🪙
|
|- bgcolor="yellow"
!Shobha
| colspan="4" |100🪙
| colspan="5" |{{nowrap|200🪙}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" |{{nowrap|''Coins transferred to Amardeep''}}
|- bgcolor="yellow"
!Gautham
| colspan="3" bgcolor="grey" |
| colspan="5" |100🪙
| colspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey" |{{nowrap|''Coins transferred to Arjun''}}
|-bgcolor=yellow
!Sandeep
| colspan="3" |100🪙
| colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" |''Coins transferred to Amardeep''
|}
{{smalldiv|'''Note:'''
* Housemates not listed above didn't receive any coins.
* When housemate with coins gets Evicted, they had to hand over their coins to a fellow housemate of their choice.}}

== Guest appearances ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; " |Week
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; " |Day
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; " |Guest(s)
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; " |Purpose of Visit
! style="background:#0000A0; color:white; " |Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |'''Week 1'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |'''Launch Day'''
|[[Vijay Deverakonda|Vijay Devarakonda]]
|To promote his film ''[[Kushi (2023 film)|Kushi]]''.
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-03 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: Vijay Deverakonda & Naveen Polishetty As Guests, New Season Of Reality Show Begins Today |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2023/bigg-boss-telugu-7-vijay-deverakonda-naveen-polishetty-as-guests-new-season-of-reality-show-begi-363699.html |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Naveen Polishetty]]
|To promote his film ''[[Miss Shetty Mr Polishetty]]''.
|-
|style="text-align:center" | '''Week 3'''
|style="text-align:center" | '''Day 21'''
|[[Ram Pothineni]]
|To promote his film [[Skanda (film)|''Skanda'']].
|<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=says |first=Siva |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 21: Skanda Promotion |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-21-skanda-promotion-and-damini-eviction/ |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''Week 5'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 35'''
|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]
|To promote his film [[Chithha|''Chinna'']].
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-08 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Relaunch 2.0: Mass Raja Ravi Teja, Siddharth & Others As The Chief Guests For The Episode |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2023/bigg-boss-telugu-7-relaunch-2-0-mass-raja-ravi-teja-siddharth-others-as-the-chief-guests-for-the-368973.html |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ravi Teja]], Nupur Sanon and [[Gayatri Bhardwaj]]
|To promote their film ''[[Tiger Nageswara Rao]].''
|-
|style="text-align:center" | '''Week 6'''
|style="text-align:center" | '''Day 42'''
|[[Anil Ravipudi]] and [[Sreeleela]]
|To promote their film ''[[Bhagavanth Kesari]].''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-15 |title=Bigg Boss Season 7: Anil Ravipudi and Sri Leela Joined the Show |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-a-twist-of-emotions-and-surprise-elimination/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''Week 7'''
|style="text-align:center" | '''Day 46'''
|[[Ohmkar]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Nandu (actor)|Nandu]] and [[Avika Gor]]
|To promote their web series ''[[Mansion 24]].''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Siva |title=Mansion 24 web series crew came to the Bigg Boss House |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-47-captaincy-contenders-and-spooky-auditions/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 49'''
|Vagdevi, Lalasa and Sirisha
| Performed singing as a part of Dusshera special episode.
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-10-23 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 50: The Dasara Celebrations with Celebrity Guests & Playback Singers |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-50-the-dasara-celebrations-ended-with-poojas-elimination-and-rathikas-re-entry/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dimple Hayathi]], [[Reba Monica John]] and [[Payal Rajput]]
|Dance performance as part of Dusshera special episode.
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''Week 9'''
| style="text-align:center" | '''Day 62'''
|[[Karthi]]
|To promote his film ''[[Japan (2023 film)|Japan]]''.
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-05 |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Hero Karthi Graces the House |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-nagarjunas-verdicts-create-waves/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 63'''
|[[Raghava Lawrence]] and [[S. J. Suryah]]
|To promote their film ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]''.
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":15" />
|-
|[[Eesha Rebba]]
|Entered into the house for the promotional campaign of ''Whisper''.
|-
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center" |'''Week 10'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |'''Day 65'''
|Kenny (Sivaji's Son)
| rowspan="11" |Entered the house as a part of "BB College" Task Guest.
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emotional Family Reunions and College Fun Take Over Bigg Boss 7 |url=https://www.telugu360.com/emotional-family-reunions-and-college-fun-take-over-bigg-boss-7/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Surekha Reddy (Arjun's Wife)
|-
|Rama (Ashwini's Mother)
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 66'''
|Manga (Gautham's Mother)
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=A Blend of Romance and Emotional Moments in bigg boss 7 telugu |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-a-blend-of-romance-laughter-and-emotional-moments/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Shiva Kumar (Priyanka's Fiancee)
|-
|Seema (Bhole's Wife)
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 67'''
|Tejaswini Gowda (Amardeep's Wife)
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=An Emotional Rollercoaster Unfolds in Bigg Boss 7 |url=https://www.telugu360.com/an-emotional-rollercoaster-unfolds-in-bigg-boss-7/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Ratamma (Shobha's Mother)
|-
|Shuja Ahmed (Yawar's Brother)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |'''Day 68'''
|Ramulu (Rathika's Father)
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emotional Reunions and Captaincy Chaos Unfold in the BB House |url=https://www.telugu360.com/emotional-reunions-and-captaincy-chaos-unfold-in-the-bigg-boss-house/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Satyanarayana (Prashanth's Father)
|-
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 70'''
|[[Vaishnav Tej]] and [[Sreeleela]]
|To promote their film ''Aadikeshava''.
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nelki Naresh |title=Kajal Aggarwal Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: బిగ్‌బాస్ హౌజ్‌లో అడుగుపెడుతోన్న కాజ‌ల్ - నాగ్‌తో ఆట‌పాట‌ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kajal-aggarwal-attends-as-guest-bigg-boss-7-telugu-this-weekend-episode-121699509889460.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116064938/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kajal-aggarwal-attends-as-guest-bigg-boss-7-telugu-this-weekend-episode-121699509889460.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-13 |title=BB7: Game for Top 5 Begins! |url=https://www.m9.news/movienews/bb7-game-for-top-5-begins/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ritika Singh]] and [[Faria Abdullah]]
|Dance Performance as part of Diwali special episode.
|-
|[[Kajal Agarwal]]
|To promote her film ''Satyabhama.''
|-
|style="text-align:center" | '''Week 11'''
|style="text-align:center" | '''Day 77'''
|[[Srikanth (actor, born 1968)|Srikanth]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Rahul Vijay]] and [[Shivani Rajashekar]]
|To promote their film ''Kotabommali P.S''
|<ref name=":19" />
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''Week 13'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" | '''Day 91'''
|[[Ashika Ranganath]]
| Unveiled the glimpse of ''Naa Saami Ranga'' film.
| rowspan="2" |<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-12-03 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 112: Sunday Funday with special guests and Gautam Krishna's elimination |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-episode-92-the-starry-sunday-ended-with-gautam-krishnas-elimination/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
|To promote his film ''[[Hi Nanna]].''
|-
|style="text-align:center" | '''Week 14'''
|style="text-align:center" | '''Day 98'''
|[[M. M. Keeravani]]
|Unveiled the first single of ''Naa Saami Ranga'' film.
|<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-12-11 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Episode 99: MM Keeravani graces the show and episode ends with Shobha Shetty's elimination |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-episode-99-the-last-but-one-week-of-the-season-ends-with-shobha-shettys-elimination/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== Nomination table ==
<blockquote style="padding: 0em; overflow:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; font-size:85%; line-height:15px;"
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |First Level
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 1
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 2
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 3
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 4
! colspan="3" style="width: 10%;" |Week 5
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Second Level
! colspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 6
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 7
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 8
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 9
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 10
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 11
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 12
! rowspan="2" style="width: 10%;" |Week 13
! style="width: 10%;" |Week 14
! colspan="3" |Week 15
|-
!Day 29
! colspan="2" |Day 35
!Day 36
!{{nowrap|Day 42}}
! colspan="2" |Day 92
! colspan="2" style="background:gold;" |Day 105
|- style="background:#C2DFFF;"
!Nominees for Power Astra
| rowspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|Priyanka <s>Rathika </s> Sandeep <s>Sivaji</s>
|Amardeep Shakeela Sivaji
|Shobha Priyanka <s>Yawar</s>
|Subhasree Prashanth Yawar
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
!Nominees for Captaincy
|Gautham Prashanth Sandeep Teja
| colspan="2" |Amardeep Prashanth Priyanka Sandeep Shobha Sivaji Teja Yawar
|Arjun Ashwini Prashanth Priyanka Sandeep Sivaji
|Gautham Prashanth Priyanka Sandeep Shobha
|Arjun Gautham Rathika Shobha Teja <s>Yawar</s>
|Arjun Sivaji
|Amardeep Arjun Prashanth Priyanka
|Amardeep Arjun Ashwini Gautham Prashanth Priyanka Rathika Shobha Sivaji Yawar
| style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#ccc;" |''No Captain''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
!{{nowrap|Power Astra}} Winner
| bgcolor="navajowhite" |'''Sandeep'''
| bgcolor="navajowhite" |'''Sivaji'''
| bgcolor="navajowhite" |'''Shobha'''
| bgcolor="navajowhite" |'''Prashanth'''
!House Captain
|'''Prashanth'''
| colspan="2" |'''Yawar'''
|'''Arjun'''
|'''Gautham'''
|'''Shobha'''
|'''Sivaji'''
|'''Priyanka'''
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ccc;" |''Captaincy Cancelled''
|'''Amardeep'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |{{nowrap|Power Astra's}} Nomination
| rowspan="2" |Yawar
| rowspan="2" |Teja (to save) Amardeep (to evict)
| rowspan="2" |Gautham Priyanka Rathika Subhashree Teja Yawar
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ccc" |''Not eligible''
!House Captain's Nomination
|Nayani Amardeep
| colspan="2" |Gautham Amardeep
|Teja Bhole
|Amardeep Rathika
|Bhole Gautham Sivaji Yawar Rathika
|Gautham Priyanka
|Yawar Sivaji
|Prashanth Yawar
|-
!Deputy Captain(s)
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc;" |''None''
|Sivaji Sandeep
|Gautham Teja
|Shobha Rathika
|Amardeep Priyanka
|Prashanth Yawar
|Amardeep Shobha
|Arjun Sivaji
|-
| colspan="22" style="background: black;" |
|-
!Vote to:
! colspan="3" |Evict
! Task
! colspan="2" |Evict
!2.0 Launch
!Vote to:
! colspan="5" |'''Evict'''
! Task
! colspan="3" |'''Evict'''
! colspan="4" |WIN
|-
| colspan="22" style="background:#000;" |
|-
!Prashanth
|Shakeela Kiran
|Teja Gautham
|Teja Damini
| style="background:#FBF373;" |<s>Amardeep</s> Gautham
| style="background: navajowhite;" |''{{nowrap|Power Astra }} Winner''
|Gautham
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Prashanth
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| colspan="2" |Sandeep Teja
|Gautham Amardeep
|Amardeep Teja
|Gautham
|Arjun Rathika
|Gautham Rathika
|Shobha Priyanka
|Amardeep Shobha
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Finalist''
| colspan="2" style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center;" |'''''Winner''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
! Amardeep
|Yawar Teja
|Sivaji Prashanth
| style="background:#959FFD" |Gautham Subhashree
| style="background:#FBF373;" |<s>Prashanth</s> Subhashree
|Subhashree Sivaji
|Gautham
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Amardeep
|Ashwini Yawar
| colspan="2" |Bhole Ashwini
|Sivaji Bhole
|Bhole Arjun
|Bhole
|Gautham Yawar
|Yawar Rathika
|Prashanth Gautham
|style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Finalist''
| colspan="2" style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center;" |'''''1st Runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
!Sivaji
|Gautham Damini
|Shobha Amardeep
| style="background: navajowhite;" |''{{nowrap|Power Astra}} Winner''
| style="background: navajowhite;" |Gautham Priyanka Rathika Subhashree Teja Yawar
|Amardeep Priyanka
|Gautham
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Sivaji
|Amardeep Pooja
| colspan="2" |Gautham Amardeep
|Shobha Priyanka
|Amardeep Teja
| style="background:#959FFD" |<s>Amardeep</s>
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Gautham Arjun
|Arjun Gautham
|Priyanka Amardeep
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Finalist''
| colspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center;" |'''''2nd Runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
!Yawar
|Shakeela Gautham
| style="background:#959FFD" |Shakeela Amardeep
|Priyanka Damini
| style="background:#959FFD" |Priyanka<s> Teja</s>
|Amardeep Priyanka
|Gautham
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Yawar
|Shobha Pooja
| colspan="2" style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Shobha Sandeep
|Shobha Ashwini
| style="background:#959FFD" |<s>Amardeep</s> Yawar
|Shobha Amardeep
|Amardeep Arjun
|Gautham Priyanka
|Shobha Priyanka
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Finalist''
| colspan="2" style="background:#fcf; text-align:center;" |'''''3rd Runner-up, Walked''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
!Priyanka
|Prashanth Rathika
|Sivaji Prashanth
|Yawar Gautham
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
|Sivaji Yawar
|Gautham
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Priyanka
|Teja Ashwini
| colspan="2" |Ashwini Bhole
|Bhole Ashwini
|Rathika Bhole
|Bhole Gautham Sivaji Yawar Rathika
|Rathika Ashwini
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Sivaji Prashanth
|Amardeep Yawar
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Finalist''
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;" |'''''4th Runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
! Arjun
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
!Arjun
|Sandeep Amardeep
| colspan="2" |Bhole Ashwini
|style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Shobha Amardeep
|<s>Gautham</s>
|Prashanth Shobha
|Yawar Sivaji
|Sivaji Priyanka
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Amardeep Yawar
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Finalist''
| colspan="2" style="background:beige; text-align:center;" |'''''5th Runner-up''''' {{nowrap|(Day 105)}}
|-
!Shobha
|Kiran Gautham
|Sivaji Prashanth
|Subhashree Rathika
| style="background: navajowhite;" |''{{nowrap|Power Astra }} Winner''
| style="background: navajowhite;" |''Immune''
|Gautham
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Shobha
|Amardeep Ashwini
| colspan="2" |Teja Bhole
|Sivaji Yawar
|Rathika Yawar
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
|Yawar Ashwini
|Sivaji Arjun
|Prashanth Yawar
|Yawar Sivaji
| colspan="3" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 98)
|-
!Gautham
|Shobha Yawar
|Prashanth Rathika
|Rathika Amardeep
| style="background:#959FFD" |Yawar <s>Teja</s>
|Amardeep Sivaji
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| bgcolor="#BFFF00" |''{{nowrap|Evicted by }} Housemates {{nowrap|(Day 35)}}''
!Gautham
| style="background:#73C2FB;" |Sandeep (to save)
| colspan="2" |Bhole Sivaji
|Prashanth Bhole
| style="background:#cfc;" |''House Captain''
| style="background:#959FFD" | Sivaji
|Arjun Amardeep
|Prashanth Sivaji
| Prashanth Sivaji
| colspan="4" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 91)
|-
!Rathika
|Priyanka Damini
|Teja Prashanth
|Subhashree Gautham
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| colspan="3" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 28)
!Rathika
| style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Guest
| style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
| style="background:#FBF373;" |Shobha Amardeep
|Priyanka Shobha
| style="background:#959FFD" | Bhole Gautham Sivaji Yawar <s>Priyanka</s>
|Shobha Priyanka
|Amardeep Prashanth
| colspan="5" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 84)
|-
!Ashwini
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
!Ashwini
|Amardeep Shobha
| colspan="2" |Pooja Arjun
|Shobha Priyanka
|Yawar Rathika
|Bhole Gautham Sivaji Yawar <s>Priyanka</s>
|Priyanka Amardeep
| style="background:#959FFD" |''{{nowrap|Refused to}} nominate''
| colspan="5" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 83)
|-
!Bhole
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
!Bhole
|Amardeep Sandeep
| colspan="2" |Shobha Priyanka
|Shobha Gautham
|Priyanka Amardeep
|style="background:#959FFD" |<s>Amardeep</s>
| colspan="7" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 70)
|-
!Teja
|Prashanth Kiran
|Prashanth Rathika
| style="background:#FBF373" |Prashanth Gautham
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Gautham Yawar
| style="background:#959FFD;" |''Nominated''
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Teja
|Sandeep Nayani
| colspan="2" |Pooja Prashanth
|Ashwini Sandeep
|Arjun Rathika
| colspan="8" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 63)
|-
!Sandeep
|Rathika Yawar
| style="background: navajowhite;" |''{{nowrap|Power Astra }} Winner''
| style="background: navajowhite;" |Teja (to save) Amardeep (to evict)
| style="background: navajowhite;" |Gautham Priyanka Rathika Subhashree Teja Yawar
| style="background: navajowhite;" |''Immune''
|Teja
| style="background:gold;" |''{{nowrap|Moved to}} {{nowrap|Second Level}}''
!Sandeep
|Yawar Arjun
| colspan="2" |Bhole Prashanth
|Ashwini Bhole
| colspan="9" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' ''(Day 56)''
|-
!Pooja
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
!Pooja
|Teja Yawar
| colspan="2" |Bhole Ashwini
| colspan="10" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' ''(Day 49)''
|-
!Nayani
| colspan="7" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Entered in Second Level''
!Nayani
|Teja Amardeep
| colspan="12" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 42)
|-
!Subhashree
|Rathika Shobha
|Teja Prashanth
|Teja Priyanka
| style="background:#959FFD;" |Rathika <s>Amardeep</s>
|Amardeep Priyanka
| colspan="2" bgcolor="salmon" |''Evicted'' (Day 35)
!Subhashree
| style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
|bgcolor=lightblue|Guest
| colspan="11" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
|-
!Damini
|Rathika Shobha
|Sivaji Prashanth
|Yawar Subhashree
| colspan="4" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 21)
!Damini
| style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
|bgcolor=lightblue|Guest
| colspan="11" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
|-
!Shakeela
|Yawar Prashanth
|Sivaji Prashanth
| colspan="5" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 14)
!Shakeela
| colspan="13" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
|-
!Kiran
|Shobha Prashanth
| colspan="6" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted'' (Day 7)
!Kiran
| colspan="13" style="background:#FF8072" |''Evicted in First Level''
|-
| colspan="22" style="background: black;" |
|-
!Notes
| -
|[[#endnote 1|1]], [[#endnote 2|2]]
|[[#endnote 1|1]], [[#endnote 3|3]]
|[[#endnote 1|1]], [[#endnote 4|4]], [[#endnote 5|5]]
|[[#endnote 1|1]], [[#endnote 6|6]], [[#endnote 7|7]]
|[[#endnote 8|8]]
|[[#endnote 9|9]]
!Notes
| colspan="2" |[[#endnote 10|10]], [[#endnote 11|11]]
|[[#endnote 12|12]]
|[[#endnote 13|13]]
| -
|[[#endnote 14|14]]
|[[#endnote 15|15]]
|[[#endnote 16|16]]
|[[#endnote 17|17]],[[#endnote 18|18]]
|[[#endnote 19|19]]
|[[#endnote 20|20]],[[#endnote 21|21]]
|[[#endnote 22|22]],[[#endnote 23|23]]
|[[#endnote 24|24]]
|- style="background:#B2FFFF"
!Against Public Vote
|Damini Gautham Kiran Prashanth Rathika Shakeela Shobha Yawar
|Amardeep Gautham Prashanth Rathika Shakeela Shobha <s>Sivaji</s> Teja Yawar
|Amardeep Damini Gautham Priyanka Rathika Subhashree <s>Teja</s> Yawar
|Gautham Priyanka Rathika Subhashree Teja Yawar
|Amardeep Gautham Priyanka Sivaji Subhashree Teja Yawar
|Gautam Teja
| rowspan="6" style="background:#ccc;" |''none''
!Against Public Vote
| colspan="2" |Amardeep Ashwini Nayani Pooja <s>Sandeep</s> Shobha Teja Yawar
|Amardeep Ashwini Bhole Gautham Prashanth Pooja Teja
|Amardeep Ashwini Bhole Gautham Priyanka Sandeep Shobha Sivaji
|Amardeep Arjun Bhole Priyanka Rathika Shobha Teja Yawar
|Bhole Gautham Rathika Sivaji Yawar
|Amardeep Arjun Ashwini Gautham Priyanka Rathika Shobha Yawar
|Amardeep Arjun Ashwini Gautham Prashanth Rathika Sivaji Yawar
|<s>Arjun</s> Gautham Prashanth Priyanka Shobha Sivaji Yawar
|Amardeep Arjun Prashanth Priyanka Shobha Sivaji Yawar
| colspan="3" |'''Amardeep''' '''Arjun''' '''Prashanth''' '''Priyanka''' '''Sivaji''' '''Yawar'''
|-bgcolor="#DAFF99"
!Re-entered
| colspan="6" rowspan="3" bgcolor="#ccc" |''none''
!Re-entered
|'''Gautham'''
|colspan="2" |'''Sivaji'''
|'''Rathika'''
| colspan="9" bgcolor="#ccc" |''none''
|- style="background:#fcf"
!Walked
!Walked
|bgcolor=#ccc|''none''
| colspan="1" |'''Sivaji'''
| colspan="11" bgcolor="#ccc" |''none''
|- style="background:#73C2FB"
!{{nowrap|Secret Room}}
!{{nowrap|Secret Room}}
|'''Gautham'''
| colspan="12" bgcolor="#ccc" |''none''
|- style="background:#FA8072"
! rowspan="2" |Evicted
| rowspan="2" |'''Kiran'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Shakeela'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Damini'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Rathika'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Subhashree'''
| rowspan="2" style="background:#BFFF00;" |'''Gautham'''
! rowspan="2" |Evicted
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |'''Nayani'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Pooja'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Sandeep'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Teja'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Bhole'''
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#ccc" |''No Eviction''
|'''Ashwini'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Gautham'''
| rowspan="2" |'''Shobha'''
| style="background:beige" text-align:center;" |'''Arjun'''
| style="background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;" |'''Priyanka'''
| style="background:#fcf; text-align:center;" |'''Yawar'''
|-
| style="background:#FA8072" |'''Rathika'''
| style="background:#7FFFD4"; text-align:center;" |'''Sivaji'''
| style="background:#D1E8EF; text-align:center;" |'''Amardeep'''
| style="background:#73FB76; text-align:center;" |'''Prashanth'''
|-
!Ref.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: Eight Contestants nominated for first week elimination |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-7-telugu-day-2-episode-highlights-1763684 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":14" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Belde |first=Shami |date=2023-09-13 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: Dramatic Twists And Turns On Day 9 Nominations |url=https://thetelugufilmnagar.com/2023/09/13/bigg-boss-telugu-season-7-dramatic-twists-and-turns-on-day-9-nominations/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Telugu Filmnagar |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":13" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-19 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 7: Drama Unfolds in Nominations |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-season-7-drama-unfolds-in-nominations/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":10" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 23: Six contestants nominated for fourth week elimination |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-23-the-trial-continues/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7" />
| colspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 29: Nominations Ignite Heated Arguments |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-day-29-nominations-ignite-heated-arguments/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
!Ref.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: Eight contestants nominated for sixth week elimination |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-7-telugu-day-37-episode-highlights-1807557 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":9" />
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7: Seven contestants nominated for seventh week elimination |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-7-telugu-day-44-episode-highlights-1815651 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Fiery Nominations and Heated Exchanges |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-fiery-nominations-and-heated-exchanges/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":11" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Nominations, Reconciliation, and Women's Week Fun |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-nominations-reconciliation-and-womens-week-fun/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":15" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Nominations Bring Twists and Turns in Bigg Boss 7 Telugu |url=https://www.telugu360.com/royal-nominations-bring-twists-and-turns-in-bigg-boss-7-telugu/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":16" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Nominations Turn Explosive with Accusations and Arguments |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-nominations-turn-explosive-with-accusations-and-arguments/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Friendship Bonds, Fun Tasks, and a Surprise Twist |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-friendship-bonds-fun-tasks-and-a-surprise-twist/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Nomination Takes an Unusual Turn - Feed the Lion |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-nomination-takes-an-unusual-turn-feed-the-lion/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu: Nominations and Tensions Soar in the House |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-nominations-and-tensions-soar-in-the-house/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Day 84: Ashwini Gets Evicted From Bigg Boss House |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-a-rollercoaster-of-emotions-and-advises-from-the-king/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-11-26 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 7 Day 85: Sunday Funday episode ends up with Rathika Rose's elimination |url=https://tracktollywood.com/bigg-boss-telugu-7-episode-85-sunday-funday-episode-ends-up-with-rathika-roses-elimination/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 7 Telugu Housemates' Hues: Nominations and Dramatic Exchanges |url=https://www.telugu360.com/bigg-boss-7-telugu-housemates-hues-nominations-and-dramatic-exchanges/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":22" />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aditya |date=2023-12-05 |title=Grand finale winner voting begins for Bigg Boss Telugu 7 |url=https://tracktollywood.com/grand-finale-winner-voting-begins-for-bigg-boss-telugu-7/ |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=TrackTollywood |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":23" />
|<ref name=":29" /><ref name=":28" />
|<ref name=":27" /><ref name=":26" />
|<ref name=":25" /><ref name=":24" />
|}
</blockquote>
'''Color Keys'''
: {{Color box|Navajowhite}} indicates the Power Astra Winner.
: {{Color box|#cfc}} indicates the House Captain.
: {{Color box|#C2DFFF}} indicates the Nominees for house captaincy.
: {{Color box|#FBF373|border=black}} indicates that the Housemate was safe prior to nominations.
: {{Color box|#959FFD}} indicates that the Housemate was directly nominated for eviction before the regular nominations process.
: {{Color box|#73FB76}} indicates the winner.
: {{Color box|#D1E8EF}} indicates the first runner-up.
: {{Color box|#7FFFD4}} indicates the second runner-up.
: {{Color box|#DDA0DD}} indicates the third runner-up.
: {{Color box|#FF69B4}} indicates the fourth runner-up.
: {{Color box|#FF00FF}} indicates the fifth runner up.
: {{Color box|#73C2FB}} indicates that the contestant was moved to secret room.
: {{Color box|#DAFF99}} indicates that the contestant has re-entered the house.
: {{Color box|#fcf}} indicates that the contestant walked out of the show.
: {{Color box|#FFE08B}} indicates that the contestant was ejected from the house.
: {{Color box|salmon}} indicates that the contestant was evicted.
: {{Color box|#BFFF00}} indicates that the contestant was evicted by housemates.

===Nomination notes===
* {{note|1|1}}: {{Color box|Navajowhite}} Confirmed housemates the winners of Power Astra were immune from nominations.
* {{note|2|2}}: In week 2, Sandeep as first Power Astra winner had a special power to directly nominate one housemate. He chose Yawar.
* {{note|3|3}}: In week 3, Sandeep and Sivaji as Power Astra winners had a special power to swap one nominated housemate with one not nominated housemate. They mutually chose to save Teja and nominate Amardeep.
* {{note|4|4}}: In week 4, Sandeep, Sivaji and Shobha choose five housemate to nominate. Those housemates will nominate two housemates, but Sandeep, Sivaji and Shobha will mutually choose one of the two to nominate.
* {{note|5|5}}: At the end of nominations, Sandeep, Shivaji and Shobha had a special power to directly nominated one housemate. They chose Teja.
* {{note|6|6}}: As a punishment for getting physical in Task, Teja was directly nominated for week 5.
* {{note|7|7}}: Contestants decided that Sivaji is not a fair umpire in the task and does not deserve to be a confirmed housemate. Sivaji lost his Power Astra and became a contestant.
* {{note|8|8}}: Seven safe housemates had to vote to evict one of the Bottom 2 nominated housemates Gautam and Teja. Gautam was fake-evicted and moved to secret room.
* {{note|9|9}}: Bigg Boss Season 7 2.0 - Second Level begin with new twists and turns.
* {{note|10|10}}: New housemates had to nominate two old housemates and old housemates had to nominate one new housemate & one old housemate.
* {{note|11|11}}: After Week 6 Nominations, Gautam returned from Secret Room and had a special power to save one nominated housemate.
* {{note|12|12}}: On Day 42, Sivaji left the house for a medical emergency check-up and returned back on the same day.
* {{note|13|13}}: On Day 49, Host Nagarjuna revealed that Rathika received the least votes from the housemate to return to the house. She entered the house and was immune for a week.
* {{note|14|14}}: In week 10, Ashwini, Priyanka, Rathika and Shobha were the queens in power. Other housemates had to nominate one housemate and represent to the queens, the queens then mutually choose to accept one of the two to nominate. After 4 rounds, the queens had to mutually nominate one of them. It was a tie between Priyanka and Rathika, so Captain Shobha chose to nominate Rathika.
* {{note|15|15}}: On Day 77, Host Nagarjuna announced that the elimination was cancelled due to Yawar surrendering the Eviction Pass, rendering it unusable.
* {{note|16|16}}: During week 12 nominations process, Ashwini refused to nominate, therefore was directly nominated by Bigg Boss.
* {{note|17|17}}: On Day 81, Bigg Boss cancelled the last captaincy task for the week, due to Sivaji and Shobha are not came to final decision for shoot the photo of their choice in captaincy contender task.
* {{note|18|18}}: On Day 90, Host declared that Arjun won the Finale Astra task and became the 1st finalist of the season, so he was exempted from the nomination list.
* {{note|19|19}}: On Day 90, Host declared Amardeep as captain for week 14 as he became runner-up of Finale Astra task but he will not get immunity.
* {{note|20|20}}: On Day 98, ''Amardeep'', ''Arjun'', ''Prashanth'', ''Priyanka'', ''Sivaji'' and ''Yawar'' announced as Top 6 finalists.
* {{note|21|21}}: On Day 105, ''Priyanka'' become as 4th runner-up while ''Arjun'' become as 5th runner-up.
* {{note|22|22}}: On Day 105, ''Yawar'' accepted 15 lakh rupees from prize money then he walked out of the house and become as 3rd runner-up.
* {{note|23|23}}: On Day 105, ''Sivaji'' become as 2nd runner-up.
* {{note|24|24}}: On Day 105, ''Prashanth'' won the title and ''Amardeep'' become as 1st runner-up.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}

[[Category:Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) seasons|07]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Star Maa original programming]]

Odisha Crafts Museum

2026-04-24T20:33:19Z

Omhospital: Added Initial Info W/ Sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Odisha Crafts Museum - Kala Bhoomi
| native_name = ଓଡ଼ିଶା ହସ୍ତଶିଳ୍ପ ସଂଗ୍ରହାଳୟ
| native_name_lang = or
| logo =
| image = Craft_Museum_01.jpg
| caption = Entrance gate of Odisha Crafts Museum - Kala Bhoomi
| map_type =
| coordinates = {{coord|20.2516|85.8068|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| type =
| former_name =
| established = 2018
| collection =
| location = Silpi Vihar, Pokhriput, [[Bhubaneswar]], [[India]]
| visitors =
| publictransit =
| director =
| owner = [[Government of Odisha]]
| website = {{url|https://www.odishacraftsmuseum.com}}
}}

'''Odisha Crafts Museum''' also known as '''Kalabhoomi'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/experience-the-essence-of-odisha-at-kala-bhoomi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324211402/http://odishasuntimes.com/experience-the-essence-of-odisha-at-kala-bhoomi/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 March 2018|title=Experience the essence of Odisha at Kala Bhoomi {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com|last=Mishra|first=Sweta|website=odishasuntimes.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref> designed by Architects' Studio, is a museum in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], India, dedicated to the art and crafts of Odisha. It was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Odisha,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/odisha/museum-to-promote-handicrafts-217745|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234434/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/odisha/museum-to-promote-handicrafts-217745|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 June 2018|title=Museum to promote handicrafts|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2018-06-30|language=en}}</ref> [[Naveen Patnaik]], on 22 March 2018. The museum is spread across 12.68 Acres of an area, divided into eight galleries, Open air amphitheater, workshop area and souvenir shop.

The museum celebrates the craftsmanship of [[Odia people|Odia]] artisans by putting on display their breath-taking masterpieces. Divided into 2 blocks, the museum has a display area and a live section. The display area focuses on galleries about Handicrafts and Handlooms from around the state while the live section is equipped with an open air theatre as well as separate workshop zones. Kala Bhoomi is built using local raw materials such as the [[laterite]] stone which can still be seen in some of the oldest monuments around the state.
At Kala Bhoomi we have 10 galleries out of which 9 are open to the public. There are two blocks. The Handicrafts block contains Terracotta, Traditional Paintings, Stone and Wood Carving and Natural Material crafts galleries on the other hand the Handloom block displayed the Pre-Weaving Techniques, Tribal Crafts, The Crafts of Shree Jagannath Culture and Handloom galleries which represents the unique and antique raw materials and equipment as well as variety of Handlooms from across the state.

==Galleries==
#Terracotta
#Traditional Paintings
#Stone and Wood Carving
#Metal Crafts
#Natural Crafts
#Pre-weaving techniques
#Tribal Crafts
#Crafts of Shree Jagannath Culture
#Handloom Gallery
There is one more gallery dedicated to the Dance Forms of Odisha that currently under construction.

==Timings==
Opening timing is 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM all days of the week.
It is closed on select National Holidays such as Independence Day, Deepawali/ [[Kali Puja]], etc. The website contains list of approved holidays.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Craft_Museum_02.jpg|Traditional Bullock cart
File:Craft_Museum_03.jpg|Pipili applique work
File:Craft_Museum_04.jpg|Pipili applique work
File:Craft_Museum_05.jpg|Pattachitra
File:Craft_Museum_06.jpg|Ghoda Nacha Toy
File:Prahlada Nataka at Crafts Museum.jpg|Prahlada Nataka performance at Crafts Museum
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of Museums in Odisha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Art museums and galleries in India]]
[[Category:Museums in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Museums established in 2018]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Odisha]]

Bandari Shara Rani

2026-04-23T20:49:16Z

Omhospital: New

{{Short description|Indian politician (1964–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}

'''Bandari Shara Rani''' (1964 – 2019) was an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. She was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from the combined state in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC: All Candidates of TRS for 2004 in UPA |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/alliance/ac_partyContested/68/606/176/www.indiavotes.com/alliance/ac_partyContested/68/606/176/27 |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref> She represented [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] from [[Parkal Assembly constituency]], which was reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Warangal district]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parkal Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/parkal-andhra-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-08-09 |title=Profile of Bandari Shara Rani – Warangal District – hello ap |url=https://helloap.com/profile-of-bandari-shara-rani-warangal-district/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>

She died on 26 May 2019 due to heart attack in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=మాజీ ఎమ్మెల్యే శారారాణి కన్నుమూత {{!}} Former MLA Bandari Shararani passed away on Saturday {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/telangana/former-mla-bandari-shararani-passed-away-saturday-1192546 |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.sakshi.com |language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shara Rani, Bandari}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century women politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]

Uppada Jamdani sari

2026-04-23T06:53:24Z

Omhospital: Created new post!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Uppada Jamdani saree
| color =
| logo =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names = [[Handcrafted]] [[woven]] [[sari]] in [[Uppada]] Jamdani style
| description =
| type = [[Handicraft]]
| area = [[Uppada]],& [[Tatiparthi]], [[Kakinada district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| registered =
| material = [[Silk]]
| official website =
}}
'''Uppada Jamdani saree''' (or '''sari''') is a silk [[sari]] style [[woven]] in [[Uppada]] of [[Kakinada district]] in the [[States and Territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was registered as one of the [[geographical indication]] from Andhra Pradesh by ''Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Geographical Indication|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2016-01-23/Geographical-Indication/201919|access-date=27 January 2016|work=The Hans India|date=23 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="GI">{{cite web |title=Registration Details of Geographical Indications |url=http://www.ipindia.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/Images/pdf/Registered_GI_01_04_19.pdf |website=Intellectual Property India, Government of India |access-date=14 May 2019 }}</ref> Uppada Jamdani saris are known for their light weight.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Jemima Margaret Eliot|title=Andhra spin! – The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/shows/Andhra-spin/articleshow/3908790.cms?referral=PM|access-date=27 January 2016|work=The Times of India|date=30 December 2008}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The name Jamdani in the Uppada [[Jamdani]] sari is a [[Persian language|Persian]] terminology, in which ''Jam'' means ''flower'' and ''Dani'' means ''Vase''.<ref name=jamdani>{{cite news|last1=Vasudev|first1=Shefalee|title=Next-Gen Weavers: Jamdani of the south|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/juZlNUlYkxkmLlpWId8LhL/NextGen-Weavers-Jamdani-of-the-south.html|access-date=28 January 2016|work=Livemint}}</ref>

== History ==
Jamdani style of weaving is originated in [[Bangladesh]]. In the 18th century, it was brought to south and in [[Uppada]] village of [[Kakinada district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] Jamdani style of weaving recreated with a local resonance.<ref name="jamdani" /> The Jamdani style weaving was as old as 300 years.<ref>{{cite news|title=AP Jamdani sarees get GI recognition – Rediff.com Business|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/report/ap-jamdani-sarees-get-gi-recognition/20090708.htm|access-date=28 January 2016|work=www.rediff.com}}</ref> In 1972, Uppada weavers were recognized by Govt. of India with President's award.<ref name="10tv special item" />

== Fabric of Uppada Jamdani saree ==
The Uppada Jamdani saree is a beautiful textile that has been weaved in [South India] for centuries. The fabric has a silk-like texture and is lightweight, making it perfect for designing sarees, gowns, scarves, etc. The history behind the Uppada fabric can be traced back to the [[Jamdani]] weaving technique developed in Eastern part of the [[Bengal]], the modern day [[Bangladesh]].

== Weave ==
Uppada Jamdani saree weaving takes nearly 10–60 days time for which at least 2–3 weavers has to spend 10 hours of their day. Weavers uses pure lace (silver zari often dipped in melted gold<ref name="jamdani" />) and also finest silk of Bengaluru area. Weaving of saree involves, laying out its design, interweaving silk threads, looming, etc.,<ref name="10tv special item">{{cite web|last1=10టీవీ|first1=బృందం|title=కళ కోల్పోతున్న చేనేత కార్మికులు|url=http://10tv.in/content/10tv-Special-Story-on-Handloom-Weavers-Problems-1596|website=10tv.in|access-date=5 February 2016|archive-date=8 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908031429/http://10tv.in/content/10tv-Special-Story-on-Handloom-Weavers-Problems-1596|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are around 3000 looms producing Jamdani sarees in and around Uppada and kothapalli area.<ref name="jamdani" />

== The sari ==
Around forty percent of the local weavers are women. To make a sari, it takes a week to a fortnight which consists of cotton body with silk [[Sari|pallu]] and all completely handwoven. The weavers design in such a way that it can be folded and fits in a matchbox. Different designs include geometric, flowers, leaves, etc.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gorgeous Gadwal|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/300210/gorgeous-gadwal.html|access-date=28 January 2016|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Speciality of Jamdani saree is that it gets design on both the sides and is much less weight than that of Kanchi and Dharmavaram brands.<ref name="10tv special item" />

== See also ==
*[[Jamdani]]
*[[Muslin trade in Bengal]]
*[[Ilkal saree]]
*[[Navalgund Durries]]
*[[Mysore silk]]
*[[List of Geographical Indications in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Sari}}

{{Kakinada district}}

[[Category:Saris]]
[[Category:Culture of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{Kakinada-geo-stub}}

Nagendra Chandravanshi

2026-04-20T05:27:43Z

Omhospital: info.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nagendra Chandravanshi
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 14 November 2025
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Nokha, Bihar Assembly constituency|Nokha]]
| predecessor = [[Mohammad Nehaluddin]]
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nagendra Chandravanshi''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]] who has served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Nokha, Bihar Assembly constituency|Nokha]] constituency since [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]].<ref name="Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up2">{{Cite news| url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/ | title=Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up | date=15 November 2025 | access-date=15 November 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115035930/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/ | archive-date=15 November 2025 | publisher=The Indian Express | language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies2">{{Cite news| url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html | title=Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies | date=15 November 2025 | access-date=15 November 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115040110/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html | archive-date=15 November 2025 | publisher=Money Control}}</ref><ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Nokha">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results:Nokha|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04211.htm|access-date=1 December 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202043615/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04211.htm|archive-date=2 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Nokha Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Nokha Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/nokha|access-date=1 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202043621/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/nokha|archive-date=2 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandravanshi, Nagendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Good Luck (2006 film)

2026-04-12T01:52:15Z

Omhospital: Created

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Good Luck
| image = Good Luck (2006 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = VCD cover
| native_name = 
| director = S. Nandakumar
| writer = S. Nandakumar
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = R. Srinivasa Shetty P. Srinivasa Reddy [[K. Manju]] (presenter)
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Aniruddha Jatkar|Anirudh]]
*[[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]]
*[[Naveen Krishna]]
*[[Damini (Kannada actress)|Damini]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = P. K. H. Das
| editing = T. Shashikumar
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| studio = Thirumala Cine Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2006|6|23|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Good Luck''''' is a 2006 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Nandakumar and starring [[Aniruddha Jatkar|Anirudh]], [[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]], [[Naveen Krishna]], and [[Damini (Kannada actress)|Damini]].

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Aniruddha Jatkar|Anirudh]] as Ani
*[[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]] as Mandakini
*[[Naveen Krishna]] as Ajay
*[[Damini (Kannada actress)|Damini]] as Sheeba
*[[Chitra Shenoy]] as Mandakini's mother
*[[A. T. Raghu]] as director
*[[Michael Madhu]] as modeling coordinator
}}

== Production ==
This film marks the directorial debut of journalist Nandakumar and was launched on [[Vijayadashami]] 2004.<ref name="V">{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_good_luck.asp|title='Good Luck' to all…|date=2004|work=[[Viggy.com]]|access-date=3 September 2025}}</ref> Set in the modelling world, [[Aniruddha Jatkar|Anirudh]] plays a costume designer, [[Radhika Kumaraswamy|Radhika]] plays a model and [[Naveen Krishna]] plays a modeling coordinator.<ref name="V"/> Durga Shetty was to play another heroine, but she was replaced by [[Damini (Kannada actress)|Damini]].<ref name="V"/><ref name="IANS"/> The songs were recorded at Akash Studios in October 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=9309|title=Kutti Radhika in Goodluck|website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|access-date=3 September 2025|date=22 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041107110236/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=9309|archive-date=7 November 2004}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music was composed by [[Rajesh Ramanath]] with lyrics by S. Nandakumar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Good Luck Songs |url=https://gaana.com/album/good-luck-kannada |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=7 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jinu Jinugoke
| length1 = 3:27
| extra1 = [[B. Jayashree]]
| title2 = Neene Nambike
| length2 = 4:42
| extra2 = [[L. N. Shastri]], Vidya
| title3 = Ee Ondu Kshanakagi
| length3 = 4:45
| extra3 = [[Chetan Sosca]], [[Chaitra H. G.]]
| title4 = Tiputopu
| length4 = 4:42
| extra4 = Chaitra H. G.
| title5 = Ye Preethi
| length5 = 4:55
| extra5 = [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]
| title6 = Ye Preethi
| note6 = Sad
| length6 = 4:55
| extra6 = Hemanth
| total_length = 27:26
}}

== Reception ==
[[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote, "''Good Luck'' tells the story of a modeling world which was an alien space for the Kannada films so far. It may not be a very good offering, but a film which could be watched for being a little different. The film is alive, but not kicking to the expected levels".<ref name="IANS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3205/kannada/good-luck/798/review.htm|title=Good Luck Movie Review|date=23 June 2006|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|access-date=7 September 2025|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123083119/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3205/kannada/good-luck/798/review.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "All in all, ''Good Luck'' is an above-average film. It could have been a better presentation if Nandakumar had explored the glamour world in more detail".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/26good.htm|title=Good Luck is above average|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=26 July 2006|access-date=3 September 2025|archive-date=24 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424211239/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jun/26good.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|14338138}}

[[Category:2006 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Ramanath]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Prabhakar (actor)

2026-04-05T05:31:04Z

Omhospital: Added New Pg W/ Refs

{{short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prabhakar
| image =
| caption =
| other_names = Kalakeya Prabhakar
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Husunabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| occupation = Actor
| height =
| spouse = Rajya Lakshmi
| children = 2
| website =
| years active = 2007{{Ndash}}present
}}

'''Prabhakar,''' also known as '''Kalakeya Prabhakar''', is an Indian actor who predominantly works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films along with [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] films. He is best known for his role as the king of the Kalakeyas in ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Kalakeya-Prabhakar-It-was-a-challenging-experience-learning-Kilkili/articleshow/48449375.cms |title=Kalakeya Prabhakar: It was a challenging experience learning Kilkili |work=The Times of India |date=12 August 2015 |accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref> His other notable films include ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'' (2010), ''[[Dongaata (2015 film)|Dongaata]]'' (2015), ''[[Jai Simha]]'' (2018), ''[[Akhanda]]'' (2021)''.''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/baahubali-fame-prabhakar-will-play-a-pivotal-role-in-mammoottys-parole/articleshow/59299750.cms |title=Baahubali fame Prabhakar will play a pivotal role in Mammootty's 'Parole' |website=[[The Times of India]] |publisher= |archive-date=7 October 2017 |access-date=6 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007022035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/baahubali-fame-prabhakar-will-play-a-pivotal-role-in-mammoottys-parole/articleshow/59299750.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> As of July 2022, he has acted in over 120 films in five languages.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-20 |title=Baahubali Prabhakar: అఖండ తర్వాత వరసగా 14 సినిమాల్లో పోలీస్‌ పాత్రలే.. |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/kalakeya-prabhakar-telugu-actor-journey-family-movies-special-interview-1472229 |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=Sakshi |language=te |archive-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726055632/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/kalakeya-prabhakar-telugu-actor-journey-family-movies-special-interview-1472229 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
Prabhakar was born in [[Husnabad]], near [[Raichur]]. His family hails from Kondangal of [[Mahabubnagar district]], [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2016|title=బాహుబలి'తో ఆ కోరిక తీరింది: కాలకేయ ప్రభాకర్|url=https://m.andhrajyothy.com/telugunews/abnarchievestoryg-258661|access-date=2021-02-27|website=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|language=te}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> After studying in Husnabad, he then shifted to [[Vikarabad]] to enroll in Ananta Padmanabha college.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/focuslight/prabhakar.html |title=Focus Light: Prabhakar |publisher=idlebrain.com |accessdate=17 August 2015 |archive-date=19 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819041114/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/focuslight/prabhakar.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

His wife Rajya Lakshmi is a teacher, and his son Sriram Rajamouli was named after the famous director [[Rajamouli]] who offered him his first full-fledged role in ''Maryada Ramanna'' and gave him 'a new life'. He also has another son Ritvik Preetam.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 2015 |title=Rajamouli gave me a new life: Prabhakar |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150526/entertainment-tollywood/article/rajamouli-gave-me-new-life-prabhakar |access-date=27 May 2015 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902205530/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150526/entertainment-tollywood/article/rajamouli-gave-me-new-life-prabhakar |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Prabhakar played a minor role as [[villain]] in [[Mahesh Babu]]'s ''[[Athidhi (2007 film)|Athidi]]'', directed by [[Surender Reddy]] and supporting artist in his earlier career.

His first breakthrough film as an actor came in 2010 with ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'', directed by [[S. S. Rajamouli]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maryada Ramanna is fun|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-maryada-ramanna/20100723.htm|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=23 July 2010|archive-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331114720/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-maryada-ramanna/20100723.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He also acted in ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'', directed by [[Harish Shankar]], [[Dookudu]], [[Aagadu]], [[Lion]] and many more, which played well at the [[box office]].

Prabhakar gain recognition following his appearance as a Kalakeya in ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015), following which he came to be known as Kalakeya Prabhakar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-31|title=I am indebted to Rajamouli, says Kalakeya Prabhakar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/i-am-indebted-to-rajamouli-says-kalakeya-prabhakar/articleshow/59842100.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=12 December 2021|archive-date=25 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125174840/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/i-am-indebted-to-rajamouli-says-kalakeya-prabhakar/articleshow/59842100.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2019-05-16|title=Kalakeya bags a biggie|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/kalakeya-bags-a-biggie-529806|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=12 December 2021|archive-date=9 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209063217/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/kalakeya-bags-a-biggie-529806|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, he appeared in ''[[Sarrainodu]]'' which became the third highest-grossing Telugu film that year. He also starred in ''Right Right'', directed by Manu, starring [[Sumanth Ashwin]] and [[Pooja Jhaveri|Pooja Zaveri]] where he played an important role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Right Right song features Baahubali Prabhakar, Ashwin|date=25 April 2016|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/right-right-song-features-baahubali-prabhakar-ashwin-telugu-news-157587.html|website=IndiaGlitz|accessdate=25 April 2016}}</ref> As of July 2022, he has acted in over 120 films in five languages.<ref name=":0" />

==Partial filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

===Telugu films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2007 ||''[[Athidhi (2007 film)|Athidhi]]'' || Goon ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2008 || ''[[Okka Magaadu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Parugu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bujjigadu]]'' || Goon || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Gajibiji]]'' || Prabhu ||
|-
|2010 ||''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'' ||Baireddy
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011||''[[Seema Tapakai]]'' ||S/O Venkatappa ||
|-
|''[[Dookudu]]'' || Prakash Goud||
|-
|''[[Veera (2011 film)|Veera]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2012|| ''[[Dammu]]'' || Chandravanshi King's henchmen ||
|-
|''[[Lovely (2012 film)|Lovely]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Yamaho Yama]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Nippu]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Sarocharu]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'' ||Banda Swamy||
|-
| rowspan="6" |2013 || ''[[Jai Sriram]]'' || Chintamani ||
|-
|''[[Shatruvu (2013 film)|Shatruvu]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Mahankali (film)|Mahankali]]'' || Naayak||
|-
| ''[[Romance (2013 film)|Romance]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Doosukeltha]]'' || Badhram ||
|-
|''[[Attarintiki Daredi]]'' ||Siddhappa Naidu's henchman
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014 ||''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Aagadu]]'' || Damodhar's Bihar batch||
|-
|''[[Loukyam]]'' || Shankar ||
|-
|''[[Rabhasa]]'' || Ganeshan ||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2015 ||''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]'' ||Forest Tribes ||
|-
| ''[[Lava Kusa (2015 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Dongaata (2015 film)|Dongaata]]'' ||Kattam Raju
|
|-
|''[[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|Bengal Tiger]]'' ||Banda||
|-
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' || Kalakeya king Inkoshi ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016 ||''[[Sarrainodu]]'' || Vairam Dhanush's henchmen||
|-
|''[[Right Right]]'' || Seshu||
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017||''[[Dwaraka (film)|Dwaraka]]'' || Ravi||
|-
|''[[Kittu Unnadu Jagratha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Lakshmi Bomb]]'' || Vaikuntam ||
|-
|''[[Patel S. I. R.]]'' || Laala ||
|-
|''[[Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' || Suri ||
|-
|''[[Oxygen (2017 film)|Oxygen]]'' || Major Satyaveer ||
|-
|''[[Om Namo Venkatesaya]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018||''[[Jai Simha]]'' || Kaniyappan ||
|-
|''[[Pantham]]'' || Naayak's henchman||
|-
|''[[Devadas (2018 film)|Devadas]]'' || Deva's henchman ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[90ML (2019 Telugu film)|90ML]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Raahu]]'' || Nagaraju ||
|-
| 2021 ||''[[Narappa]]'' || Gampanna ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Akhanda]]'' || DSP Ranjan ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Hero (2022 Indian film)|Hero]]'' || Bhai's henchmen ||
|-
| 2023 || ''Abhilasha'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|''[[OMG: O Manchi Ghost]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Aho Vikramaarka]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Srikakulam Sherlock Holmes]]''
|Suspended [[police officer]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''[[Brahma Anandam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Paderu 12th Mile]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Baahubali: The Epic]]''
|Kalakeya King Inkoshi
|
|-
|}

===Tamil films===
{| class="wikitable
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
|-
| 2014 || ''Eppodhum Vendran'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || ''[[Kodiyil Oruvan]]'' || Conference Karuna
|-
| ''[[Pon Manickavel (film)|Pon Manickavel]]'' || Peruvalathan
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[Aadhaar (2022 film)|Aadhaar]]'' || Vijayan
|-
| ''[[DSP (film)|DSP]]''|| Mutta Ravi
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023 || ''Jambu Maharishi'' ||
|-
| ''[[Thalainagaram 2]]'' || Nanjunda
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2025 || ''[[Rajabheema]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Padaiyaanda Maaveeraa]]'' || Inspector Ramkumar
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Leader (2026 film)|Leader]]'' || Salt Raju
|}

===Kannada films===
{| class= "wikitable" sortable
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Brindavana]]''|| ||
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Gajakesari]]''|| Rana's henchman ||
|-
| 2016 || [[Lakshmana (film)|''Lakshmana'']] || ||
|-
| 2017 ||''[[Chowka]]''|| Jungli || Cameo appearance
|-
|2018 ||''[[Udgharsha]]'' || ||
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Natasaarvabhowma]]''|| Lawyer ||
|-
|2020
|''[[Bicchugatti Chapter −1 Dalvayi Dange|Bicchugatti]]''
|Muddanna ||
|-
|}

===Malayalam films===
{| class= "wikitable" sortable
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Parole (2018 film)|Parole]]'' || Bullet Raghavan
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Kodathi Samaksham Balan Vakeel]]'' ||Goonda
|-
| 2022 ||[[Aaraattu (2021 film)|''Aaraattu'']]||Durga Reddy
|}

=== Other language films ===
{| class= "wikitable" sortable
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Bal Ganesh 3]]'' || Vyomasur || Hindi
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Nayak (2019 Bhojpuri film)|Nayak]]'' || Kali Maharaj || Bhojpuri
|-
| 2022 || ''Sahari Bagha'' || || Odia
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Facebook|PrabhakarOfficial}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhakar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:People from Raichur district]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Karnataka]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-03-29T10:06:32Z

Omhospital:

{{Short description|Protected area in India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name =
| iucn_category = IV
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_size =
| map = India Assam#India
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| relief = 1
| map_width =
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| location = [[Assam]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Guwahati]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|26|11|10|N|92|54|49|E|region:IN_dim:10000|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| area = 70.13 sq. km<ref name=sanctuary>{{Cite web
|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/nwdc/list_existing_wls.pdf
|title=National Wildlife Database: List of Protected Areas in India
|publisher=Wildlife Institute of India
|accessdate=22 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919104925/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/nwdc/list_existing_wls.pdf
|archivedate=19 September 2011
}}</ref>
| established = 1972<ref name=sanctuary/>
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = Department of Environment & Forests, Assam
| world_heritage_site =
| url =
}}

The '''Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a [[Nature reserve|wildlife sanctuary]] located on the eastern fringe of [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]], India. The name Amchang is originated from the name of Arleng village named Amcheng (now Amsing) located in the heart of the wildlife sanctuary. The sanctuary is known for hosting rare and endangered birds and animals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/national-parks-in-assam/attractions/amchang-wildlife-sanctuary/|title=Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary, National Parks in Assam|website=www.nativeplanet.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> Amchang's habitat is dominated by tropical moist deciduous forest with semi-evergreen forest in depressions and river-valleys. It is known for its elephants which have become isolated with no movement with other elephant-populations. The first published information of these elephants was found in 1985<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1985). Elephants in trouble. ''The Sentinel'' 21 July.</ref> There were depredations in the fringe areas, which are part of Guwahati city, the capital of Assam. It was acute as the pachyderms were confined to an isolated forest not very large. Hence, a protected area was mooted.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1999). Status and Conservation of the Asian elephant ''Elephas maximus'' in north-eastern India. ''Mammal Review'' 29(3): 141–173.</ref><ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2002). Big cats, elephant, rhino and gaur in Guwahati. ''The Rhino Found. NE India Newsletter'' 4: 16–19.</ref> The wild elephants from Amchang often enter parts of Guwahati City but on a few occasions they travelled to the heart of the city. The sanctuary has other mammals such as [[Chinese pangolin]], [[slow loris]], [[Assam macaque|Assamese macaque]], [[Rhesus macaque|rhesus monkey]], [[hoolock gibbon]], [[leopard]], [[leopard cat]], [[jungle cat]], [[Sambar deer|sambar]], [[Muntjac|barking deer]], [[red serow]], [[Black giant squirrel|Malayan giant squirrel]], [[Himalayan porcupine|crestless Himalayan porcupine]].<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2013). ''The mammals of North East India''. Gibbon Books & Rhino Foundation with support from COA, Taiwan.Pp.432.</ref> However, it is the presence of an isolated population of gaur or Indian "bison" that has added significance to Amchang. This bovid is also confined to this sanctuary with no links to other areas.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2002). Distribution and Conservation of the gaur ''Bos gaurus'' in the Indian Sub-continent. ''Mammal Review'' 32(3): 199–226.</ref> Amchang is an Important Bird & Biodiversity Area.<ref>Rahmani, A.R. et al. (2016).Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas in India. Vol.1. Bombay Natural History Society & BirdLife International.</ref> The sanctuary has a diverse birdlife. Some noteworthy species found includes [[White-backed vulture]], [[Slender-billed vulture]], [[White-cheeked partridge|White-cheeked hill partridges]], [[Grey peacock-pheasant|Grey peacock pheasant]], [[Kalij pheasant|Kaleej pheasant]], [[Adjutant stork|Greater adjutant stork]] mostly in flight, [[Great pied hornbill]], [[Oriental pied hornbill]] and [[Green imperial pigeon]] among many others.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2000). ''The birds of Assam''. Gibbon Books & WWF-India. Pp. 240.</ref>
Prior to 2004, the area was made up of three individual reserved forests, the Amchang reserved forest, South Amchang reserved forest and Khanapara reserved forest. These three forests were combined in 2004 by the Assam government to form the sanctuary as it exists today. It is spread over in an area of 78.64 square kilometre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/environment/700-families-left-homeless-assam-governments-eviction-drive-amchang-wildlife-sanctuary|title=Over 700 Families Left Homeless After Assam Government's Eviction Drive at Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary|website=The Wire|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref>

== 2017 eviction drive ==
In November 2017, Assam state police and the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Indian Forest Department]] forcibly removed over 400 families who were living in the sanctuary at the request of the Supreme Court of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/in-depth/2019/03/22/amchang-how-thousands-were-rendered-homeless-due-to-govt-apathy|title=Amchang: How thousands were rendered homeless due to 'govt apathy'|website=EastMojo|language=en|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref> According to state's Environment & Forest Minister [[Pramila Rani Brahma]], the encroachment of settlers on the land has caused the elephants that live there to search for food outside of the sanctuary, causing deaths and destruction of crops in villages around Guwahati.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/400-families-evicted-from-amchang-wildlife-sanctuary-in-guwahati-4957372/|title=400 families evicted from Amchang wildlife sanctuary in Guwahati|date=2017-11-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-05-10}}</ref>

Police used various methods to disperse protestors of the eviction drive and families living in the sanctuary, including rubber bullets, tear gas, and elephants to destroy illegally built homes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/27/indian-police-use-elephants-to-evict-illegal-settlers|title=Indian police use elephants to evict illegal settlers|last=Safi|first=Michael|date=2017-11-27|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-10|last2=agencies|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> 15 people were allegedly injured during the eviction, although this claim was denied by the then police commissioner of Guwahati.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/amchang-eviction-drive-draws-flak-from-activists/article21040833.ece|title=Amchang eviction drive draws flak from activists|author=Staff Reporter|date=2017-11-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-05-10|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The incident led to discussions about the rights of the indigenous people many of whom were victims of the forced eviction after being displaced by rampant flooding.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=The Conservation Discourse in Assam Must Consider a Sustainable Rehabilitation Plan for the Missing Tribe|url=https://www.epw.in/engage/article/conservation-discourse-in-assam-must-consider-sustainable-rehabilitation-plan-for-mising-tribe|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|pages=7–8}}</ref> Notably, the Coordination Committee of Tribal Organisations (CCTO) deemed the evictions "illegal".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/12-hour-assam-bandh-on-wednesday-to-protest-eviction/article21071555.ece|title=12 hour Assam bandh on Wednesday to protest eviction|last=Bagchi|first=Suvojit|date=2017-11-29|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-05-10|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Protected areas of Assam}}

[[Category:2004 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Assam]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2004]]

Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2026-03-29T02:33:36Z

Omhospital: further rework formatting after review additionally and fixed typos for consistency

{{short description|Political party in India}}
{{for|parties with similar names|Communist Party of India (disambiguation)}}
{{redirect|CPIM|Common Profile for Instant Messaging|Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|abbreviation = CPI(M), CPIM, CPM
|party_logo = [[File:CPI(M) Official Logo.png|150px]]
|flag = [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|200px]]
|colorcode = {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|presidium = [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Politburo]]
|general_secretary = [[M. A. Baby]]
|loksabha_leader = [[K Radhakrishnan]]
|rajyasabha_leader = [[John Brittas]]<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/john-brittas-appointed-the-rajya-sabha-parliamentary-party-leader-for-cpim/article69537750.ece|title=John Brittas appointed the Rajya Sabha parliamentary party leader for CPI(M)|date=May 4, 2025}}</ref>
|foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1964|11|07}}
|founder = {{collapsible list|[[P. Ramamurthi]]|[[M. Basavapunnaiah]]|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]|[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|H. S. Surjeet]]|[[Promode Dasgupta]]|[[Jyoti Basu]]|[[Hare Krishna Konar|H. K. Konar]]|[[Puchalapalli Sundarayya|P. Sundarayya]]|[[B. T. Ranadive]]|[[A. K. Gopalan]]}}
|split = [[Communist Party of India]]
|headquarters = A. K. Gopalan Bhawan, 27–29, Bhai Vir Singh Marg, [[New Delhi]]-110 001
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#National parties|National Party]]
|alliance = {{collapsible list|title='''Alliances'''|{{bulleted list| [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] {{small|([[India|National]])}}||[[Secular Progressive Alliance]] {{small|([[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]])}}|[[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]] {{small|([[Tripura]])}}|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] {{small|([[West Bengal]])}}|[[Left Democratic Front]] {{small|([[Kerala]])}}|[[Asom Sonmilito Morcha]] {{small|([[Assam]])}}|[[Secular Democratic Front]] {{small|([[Tripura]])}}|[[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]] {{small|([[Bihar]])}}|[[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] {{small|([[Maharashtra]])}}|[[Samajwadi Alliance|SP+]] {{small|([[Uttar Pradesh]])}}|[[Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance|MPSA]] {{small|([[Manipur]])}}}}}}
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|4|543|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|3|245|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|state_seats_name = [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislatures]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|79|4036|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|(Total)}}
{{hidden
|List
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff
|style=text-align:center; |
{{Composition bar|62|140|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}{{small|([[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]])}}
{{Composition bar|10|60|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]])}}
{{Composition bar|2|234|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]])}}
{{Composition bar|1|243|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]])}}
{{Composition bar|1|126|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam]])}}
{{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu & Kashmir]])}}
{{Composition bar|1|147|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Odisha]])}}
{{Composition bar|1|288|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]])}}
}}
|no_states = {{Composition bar|1|31|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|ideology =

{{nowrap|[[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="OUP_Ideology">{{cite book|title=Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies|author=Chakrabarty, Bidyut|isbn=978-0-1999-7489-4|lccn=2014003207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEtRBAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] }}</ref><ref name="IOLS">{{cite book |title=The Insurrection of Little Selves: The Crisis of Secular-nationalism in India |first=Aditya |last=Nigam |year=2006 |isbn=9780195676068 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy |first=Walker |last=Connor |year=1984 |isbn=9780691101637 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]}}</ref>}} {{nowrap|[[Socialism]]<ref name="OUP_Ideology"/><ref>{{cite web | title=CPI(M) deliberates on native socialism model | work=The Hindu | date=7 April 2012 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cpim-deliberates-on-native-socialism-model/article3291327.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.peoplesdemocracy.in/content/unshakable-conviction-victory-socialism|title=Unshakable Conviction in the Victory of Socialism|publisher=Peoples Democracy|date=5 Jan 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The CPI(M) and the Building of Capitalism – IDEAs | date=30 January 2008 | url=https://www.networkideas.org/2008/01/30/the-cpim-and-the-building-of-capitalism/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cpim.org/party-programme/ | title=Party Programme| website = Communist Party of India (Marxist)|quote = The establishment of a people’s democratic government, the successful carrying out of these tasks and the leadership of the working class in the people’s democratic State will ensure that the Indian revolution will not stop at the democratic stage but will pass over to the stage of effecting socialist transformation by developing the productive forces.}}</ref>}} {{nowrap|[[Secularism]]<ref name="IOLS" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cpim.org/secularism-democracy-political-morality/|title=Secularism, Democracy & Political Morality|publisher=Cpim.org|date=3 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cpim.org/communalism-religion-and-marxism/|title=Communalism, Religion and Marxism|publisher=Cpim.org|date=27 August 2009}}</ref>}}

|position = 
[[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref>—{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ |title=India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=31 May 2019}}
 —{{cite news |last=Withnall |first=Adam |date=2 January 2019 |title=Protesters form 620km 'women's wall' in India as female devotees pray at Hindu temple for first time |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/womens-wall-protest-india-kerala-temple-hindu-pray-supreme-court-sexism-a8708381.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}
 —{{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests |title=Manipur: CPI State Secretary, Blogger Arrested over CAA Protests |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=24 December 2019}}
 —{{cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Shubhadeep |date=4 May 2020 |title=West Bengal has the highest mortality rate of COVID-19 patients: IMCT |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/west-bengal-has-the-highest-mortality-rate-of-covid-19-patients-imct-80301 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}
 —{{cite journal |last=Nandi |first=Proshanta |date=2005 |title=Communism through the Ballot Box: Over a Quarter Century of Uninterrupted Rule in West Bengal |journal=Sociological Bulletin |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=171–194 |doi=10.1177/0038022920050202 |jstor=23620496 |s2cid=157014751 |issn=0038-0229}}
 —{{cite journal |last=Fernandes |first=Leela |date=1996 |title=Review of Development Policy of a Communist Government: West Bengal since 1977, ; Indian Communism: Opposition, Collaboration and Institutionalization, Ross Mallick |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=1041–1043 |doi=10.2307/2646581 |jstor=2646581 |s2cid=236090170 |issn=0021-9118}}
 —{{cite journal |last=Moodie |first=Deonnie |date=August 2019 |title=On Blood, Power and Public Interest: The Concealment of Hindu Sacrificial rites under Indian Law |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-law-and-religion/article/on-blood-power-and-public-interest-the-concealment-of-hindu-sacrificial-rites-under-indian-law/339C7920CEB8F426D575635EDC6ACE9B |journal=Journal of Law and Religion |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=165–182 |doi=10.1017/jlr.2019.24 |s2cid=202333308 |issn=0748-0814|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

|publication = ''[[People's Democracy (journal)|People's Democracy]] (English)'' ''[[Loklahar]] (Hindi)'' ''[[Ganashakti]] (Bengali)'' ''[[Daily Desher Katha]] (Bengali)'' ''[[Deshabhimani]] (Malayalam)'' ''[[Theekkathir]] (Tamil)'' ''[[Prajasakti]] (Telugu)'' ''[[Nava Telangana]] (Telugu)'' ''[[Kisan Mazdoor]] (Urdu)''
|youth = * [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]]
* [[Tribal Youth Federation]]
|students = *[[Students' Federation of India]]
* [[Tribal Students Union]]
|labour = [[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]]
|women = [[All India Democratic Women's Association]]
|peasants =
* [[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|All India Kisan Sabha]]
* [[All India Agricultural Workers Union]]
|website = {{URL|https://cpim.org/}}
|international = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]
|membership = {{increase}} 1,019,009 (2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anandan |first=S. |date=2025-04-05 |title=CPI(M) keen on improving quality of membership, not quantity |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpim-keen-on-improving-quality-of-membership-not-quantity/article69416828.ece |access-date=2026-01-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|colours = {{color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}} Red
|electoral_symbol = Hammer Sickle and Star [[File:CPI(M) Election symbol.png|100px]]
|loksabha leader=[[K Radhakrishnan]]
}}
{{Communist Parties|Asia}}
{{Communism in India|expanded=Current organisations}}

The '''Communist Party of India (Marxist)''' ({{small|abbr.}} '''CPI(M)''') is a [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[List of political parties in India|political party]] in [[India]].<ref name="OUP_Ideology"/> It is the largest [[Communism in India|communist party in India]] in terms of membership and electoral seats, and one of the six [[List of political parties in India#National parties|national parties]] of India.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18 January 2013 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/267-recognized-regional-parties/ |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=9 May 2013 |location=India |year=2013}}</ref> The party was founded through [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|a splitting]] from the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1964; the CPI(M) quickly became the dominant faction.

The 34 years of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal|CPI(M)]]-led [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] rule in [[West Bengal]] was the longest-serving democratically elected communist-led government in the world. It emerged as the third largest party of the [[Parliament of India|parliament]] in the [[2004 Indian general election|2004 national election]]. Presently, CPI(M) is a part of ruling alliances in two states - the [[Left Democratic Front|LDF]] in [[Kerala]], which it leads, and the [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It also has representation in the legislative assemblies of seven states.

The All-India Party Congress is the supreme authority of the CPI(M).<ref name="cpim-const">{{cite web |url=https://cpim.org/party-constitution |title=Party Constitution {{!}} Communist Party of India (Marxist) |date=18 March 2009 |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317152952/https://cpim.org/party-constitution |archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> However, during the time between two party congresses, the Central Committee is the highest decision-making body.<ref name="cpim-const" /> The [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Central Committee]] shall elect from among its members a [[Polit Bureau of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Polit Bureau]] including the General Secretary.<ref name="cpim-const" /> The Polit Bureau carries on the work of the Central Committee between its two sessions and has the right to take political and organisational decisions in between two meetings of the Central Committee.<ref name="cpim-const" />

CPI(M) had a total [[Political funding in India|income]] of ₹1,620,000,000 in fiscal year 2021–22. The party reported zero [[Political funding in India|funding]] from [[electoral bonds]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joy |first1=Shemin |title=BJP's income rose by 154.82% in 2021-22: ADR Report |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bjp-s-income-rose-by-15482-in-2021-22-adr-report-1196171.html |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=Deccan Herald |date=1 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BJP declares highest income for 2021-22; Trinamool's income sees staggering jump: ADR report |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-declares-highest-income-for-2021-22-trinamools-income-sees-staggering-jump-adr-report/article66568208.ece |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=The Hindu |date=1 March 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Name ==
CPI(M) is officially known as {{transliteration|hi|ISO|Bhārat kī Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī (Mārksvādī)}} in Hindi, but it is often known as {{transliteration|hi|ISO|Mārksvādī Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī}}, abbreviated ''MaKaPa,'' in press and media circles. During its initial years after the split, the party was often referred to by different names such as 'Left Communist Party' or 'Communist Party of India (Left)'. The party has used the name 'Left' because CPI people were dubbed 'rightist' in nature for their support of the Congress-Nehru regime. During the Kerala Legislative Assembly elections of 1965, the party adopted the name 'Communist Party of India (Marxist)'. It also applied to obtain its election symbol from the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|1999|p=189}}.</ref>

== Background ==
{{main|Communist Party of India}}
[[File:Telangana Armed Struggle guerrillas.jpg|thumb|Guerrillas of the [[Telangana Rebellion|Telangana armed struggle]] (1946–1951)]]
[[File:A Communist Party camp in Karol Bagh, Delhi, 1952.jpg|thumb|CPI election campaign in [[Karol Bagh]], [[Delhi]], for the [[1951–52 Indian general election|1952 Indian general election]]]]
[[File:Swearing in of CPI cabinet in Kerala, April 1957.jpg|thumb|Swearing-in ceremony of [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] as first [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]], April 1957]]
The Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged from a division within the [[Communist Party of India]]. The CPI had experienced an upsurge in support during the years following the [[World War II]]; it had also led armed rebellions in [[Telangana Rebellion|Telangana]], [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura]], and Kerala. However, it soon abandoned the strategy of armed revolution in favor of working within the [[Parliament]] framework. In 1950, [[B. T. Ranadive]], the CPI general secretary and a prominent representative of the radical sector inside the party, was demoted on grounds of left-adventurism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/glossary/orgs/c/o.htm|title=Coalition Provisional Government|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

Under the government of the [[Indian National Congress]] party of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], independent India developed close relations and a strategic partnership with the [[Soviet Union]]. The Soviet government consequently wished that the Indian communists moderate their criticism towards the Indian state and assume a supportive role towards the Congress governments. However, large sections of the CPI claimed that India remained a semi-[[Feudalism|feudal]] country and that [[class conflict]] could not be put on the back-burner for the sake of guarding the interests of Soviet trade and foreign policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbpbu.ac.in/userfiles/file/2020/STUDY_MAT/POL_SC/LEFT%20PARTIES%20(1).pdf|title=left parties in India|access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> Moreover, the Indian National Congress appeared to be generally hostile towards political competition. In 1959 the central government intervened to impose [[President's rule]] in Kerala, toppling the [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] cabinet (the sole non-Congress state government in the country).<ref>{{cite web |title=E.M.S. Namboodiripad {{!}} Indian politician |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/E-M-S-Namboodiripad |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Formation (1964) ===
{{main|1964 split in the Communist Party of India}}
{{further|Sino-Soviet split}}
The basis of difference in opinion between the two factions in CPI was ideological – about the assessment of the Indian scenario and the development of a party programme. This difference in opinion was also a reflection of whether the Communist Party in India would toe the line of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU) or follow an independent path based on the concrete analysis of the Indian situation. The alleged 'right-wing' inside the party followed the Soviet path<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=CIA papers trace split of Indian Communists |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cia-papers-trace-split-of-indian-communists/articleshow/2162923.cms |website=The Times of India |date=30 June 2007 |language=en-IN}}</ref> whereas the 'left-wing' wanted to follow the [[Mass line| mass party with a class line]] with national characteristics, based on the 'independent' development of socialism in accordance to the India situation. Moreover, the faction of CPI which later became CPI(M) referred to the "right" strategy as a national approach of class collaboration; this was a damning charge within the communist movement, in which the prioritization of working-class interests and independence is considered paramount.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://lnews.in/bcccf8 |title=ഇന്ത്യ – ചൈന സംഘർഷം : 1962 ൻ്റെ പാഠങ്ങൾ |website=www.leftclicknews.com/}}</ref> Ideological difference also grew on the analysis of the role and character of the Indian bourgeoisie and the character of the Indian revolution. While the 'right wing' in the party sought the Indian bourgeoisie to have a 'progressive' character and called for a national democratic revolution, the 'left wing' sought the character of the Indian bourgeoisie to be essentially reactionary and called for a peoples' democratic revolution. However as the 'left wing' grew, the Congress and the party's 'right wing' dubbed them as pro-Chinese and essentially made extensive efforts to incriminate them of committing 'anti-national' activities. This ideological difference later intensified, and ultimately gave rise to the establishment of CPI(M).<ref name="kozhikkodepartycongress">{{cite web |url=http://www.kozhikodepartycongress.org/kerala-cpim-history.php |title=Communist Party in Kerala |publisher=CPI(M) |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314030901/http://www.kozhikodepartycongress.org/kerala-cpim-history.php |archive-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>

Hundreds of CPI leaders, accused of being pro-Chinese, were imprisoned. Thousands of Communists were detained without trial.{{efn|The bulk of the detainees came from the left-wing of the CPI. However, [[Professional revolutionaries|cadres]] of the [[Socialist Unity Centre of India]] and the [[Workers Party of India]] were also targeted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ganashakti.com:80/archive/left_unity.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017160748/http://www.ganashakti.com/archive/left_unity.htm|url-status=dead|title=Left Unity|archivedate=17 October 2007|website=www.ganashakti.com}}</ref>}}<ref name="auto1" />
The CPI(M) has a strong history of championing labour rights<ref>https://indianapolitics.in/communist-party-of-india-marxist-deals/ workers' welfare</ref> and it supports the rights of industrial labourers, demanding fair wages, safe working conditions, and the right to unionize.

In 1962, [[Ajoy Ghosh]], the General Secretary of the CPI died. After his death, [[Shripad Amrit Dange]] was installed as the party chairman (a new position) and E.M.S. Namboodiripad as general secretary. This was an attempt to achieve a compromise.

At a CPI National Council meeting held on 11 April 1964, 32 Council members walked out.{{efn|The 32 were [[V. S. Achuthanandan]], [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]], [[Guntur Bapanaiah]], [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah]], [[Jyoti Basu]], [[A. K. Gopalan]], [[Promode Dasgupta]], [[Abdul Halim (communist)|Abdul Halim]], [[E. K. Imbichi Bava]], [[C. H. Kanaran]], [[Hare Krishna Konar]], [[A. V. Kunjambu]], [[Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri]], [[Shiv Kumar Mishra]], [[Saroj Mukherjee]], [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[E. K. Nayanar]], [[Mohan Punamia]], [[P. Ramamurthi]], [[K. Ramani]], [[D. V. Rao]], [[Moturu Hanumantha Rao]], [[N. Prasad Rao]], [[T. Nagi Reddy]], [[N. Sankaraiah]], [[Ram Piara Saraf]], [[Bhag Singh]], [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]], [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]], [[Dalip Singh Tapiala]], [[R. N. Upadhyaya]], and [[M. R. Venkataraman]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bose|2005|p=37}}.</ref>}}

The leftist section, to which the 32 National Council members belonged, organized a convention in [[Tenali]], Andhra Pradesh 7 to 11 July. In this convention, the issues of the internal disputes in the party were discussed. 146 delegates, claiming to represent 100,000 CPI members, took part in the proceedings. The convention decided to convene the 7th Party Congress of CPI in [[Calcutta]] later the same year.<ref name="basu51">{{harvnb|Basu|2000|p=51}}.</ref>

Marking a difference from the official sector of CPI, the Tenali convention was marked by the display of a large portrait of the Communist leader of China, [[Mao Zedong]].<ref name="basu51" />

At the Tenali convention, a Bengal-based pro-Chinese group, representing one of the most radical streams of the CPI left-wing, presented a draft programme proposal of their own. These radicals criticized the draft programme proposal prepared by [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah]] for undermining [[class conflict]] and failing to take a clear pro-Chinese position in the ideological conflict between the CPSU and the CPC.{{efn|Suniti Kumar Ghosh was a member of the group that presented this alternative draft proposal. His grouping was one of several left tendencies in the Bengali party branch.<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|2000|p=32}}.</ref>}}

After the Tenali convention, the CPI left-wing organized party district and state conferences. In [[West Bengal]], a few of these meetings became battlegrounds between the most radical elements and the more moderate leadership. At the Calcutta Party District Conference, an alternative draft programme was presented to the leadership by Parimal Das Gupta (a leading figure amongst far-left intellectuals in the party). Another alternative proposal was brought forward to the Calcutta Party District Conference by [[Aziz ul Haq (Pakistani activist)|Aziz ul Haq]], but Haq was initially banned from presenting it by the conference organizers. At the Calcutta Party District Conference, 42 delegates opposed M. Basavapunniah's official draft programme proposal.<ref name="pb1" />

At the Siliguri Party District Conference, the main draft proposal for a party programme was accepted; some additional points suggested by the far-left North Bengal cadre [[Charu Majumdar]] were added. However, [[Hare Krishna Konar]] (representing the leadership of the CPI left-wing) forbade the raising of the slogan ''Mao Tse-Tung Zindabad'' (Long live Mao Tse-Tung) at the conference.<ref name="pb1" />

Parimal Das Gupta's document was also presented to the leadership at the West Bengal State Conference of the CPI leftwing. Das Gupta and a few others spoke at the conference, demanding the party ought to adopt the class analysis of the Indian state of the 1951 CPI conference. His proposal was, however, voted down.<ref name="pb1">{{harvnb|Basu|2000|pp=52–54}}.</ref>

The Calcutta Congress was held between 31 October and 7 November, at Tyagraja Hall in southern [[Calcutta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2014/1019_pd/50th-anniversary-cpim|title=50th Anniversary of CPI(M)|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> Simultaneously, the CPI convened a Party Congress in [[Bombay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2014/1109_pd/seventh-party-congress-milestone-our-movement-and-struggle|title=Seventh Party Congress: A Milestone in Our Movement and Struggle|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> The group which assembled in Calcutta would later adopt the name 'Communist Party of India (Marxist)', to differentiate themselves from the CPI. The CPI(M) also adopted its own political programme. [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]] was elected general secretary of the party.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto" />

In total, 422 delegates took part in the Calcutta Congress. CPI(M) claimed that they represented 104,421 CPI members; this is 60% of the total party membership.<ref>{{cite book |title=Peking Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6StOodgop4C |year=1965 |publisher=Peking review |page=17}}</ref>

At the Calcutta conference, the party adopted a class analysis of the character of the Indian state, that claimed the Indian [[bourgeoisie]] was increasingly collaborating with [[imperialism]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{harvnb|Basu|2000|p=54}}.</ref>

Parimal Das Gupta's alternative draft programme was not circulated at the Calcutta conference. However, [[Souren Bose]], a delegate from the far-left stronghold [[Darjeeling Lok Sabha constituency|Darjeeling]], spoke at the conference asking why no portrait had been raised of Mao Tse-Tung along with the portraits of other communist stalwarts. His intervention was met with huge applause from conference delegates.<ref name="autogenerated2" />

=== Early years (1964–1966) ===
The CPI (M) was born into a hostile political climate. At the time of the holding of its Calcutta Congress, large sections of its leaders and cadres were jailed without trial. Again on 29–30 December, over a thousand CPI (M) cadres were arrested and detained and held in jail without trial.<ref name="rao17" /> In 1965, new waves of arrests of CPI(M) cadres took place in [[West Bengal]], as the party launched agitations against the rise in fares in the [[Calcutta Tramways Company]] and against the then-prevailing food crisis. Statewide general strikes and [[hartal]]s were observed on 5 August 1965, 10–11 March 1966, and 6 April 1966.<ref name="rao17" /> The March 1966 general strike resulted in several deaths during confrontations with police forces.<ref name="rao17" />

Also in Kerala, mass arrests of CPI(M) cadres were carried out during 1965. In [[Bihar]], the party called for a ''[[hartal|Bandh]]'' (general strike) in [[Patna]] on 9 August 1965 in protest against the Congress state government.<ref name="rao17" /> During the strike, police resorted to violent actions against the organizers of the strike. The strike was followed by agitations in other parts of the state.<ref name="rao17" />

P. Sundaraiah, after being released from jail, spent the period of September 1965 – February 1966 in Moscow for medical treatment. In Moscow, he also held talks with the CPSU.<ref name="rao17">{{harvnb|Rao|2003|pp=17–18}}.</ref>

The Central Committee of CPI(M) held its first meeting on 12–19 June 1966. The reason for delaying the holding of a regular CC meeting was that several of the persons elected as CC members at the Calcutta Congress were jailed at the time.{{efn|The jailed members of the new CC, at the time of the Calcutta Congress, were [[B.T. Ranadive]], [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)|Muzaffar Ahmed]], [[Hare Krishna Konar]], and [[Promode Dasgupta]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bose|2005|pp=44–45}}.</ref>}} A CC meeting had been scheduled to have been held in [[Thrissur]] during the last days of 1964, but had been canceled due to the wave of arrests against the party. The meeting discussed tactics for electoral alliances and concluded that the party should seek to form a broad electoral alliance with all non-reactionary opposition parties in West Bengal (i.e. all parties except [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] and [[Swatantra Party]]). This decision was strongly criticized by the Communist Party of China (CPC), the [[Party of Labour of Albania]], the [[Communist Party of New Zealand]], and the radicals within the party itself. The line was changed at a National Council meeting in [[Jalandhar]] in October 1966, where it was decided that the party should only form alliances with select left parties.<ref>{{harvnb|Rao|2003|pp=234–235}}.</ref>

=== Naxalbari uprising (1967) ===
{{main|Naxalbari uprising}}
At this point, the party stood at crossroads. There were radical sections of the party who were wary of the increasing parliamentary focus of the party leadership, especially after the electoral victories in West Bengal and Kerala. Developments in China also affected the situation inside the party. In West Bengal, two separate internal dissident tendencies emerged, which both could be identified as supporting the Chinese line.{{efn|According to Basu,<ref name="autogenerated2000">{{harvnb|Basu|2000}}.{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref> there were two nuclei of radicals in the party organization in West Bengal. One "theorist" section around Parimal Das Gupta in Calcutta, which wanted to persuade the party leadership to correct revisionist mistakes through inner-party debate, and one "actionist" section led by [[Charu Majumdar]] and [[Kanu Sanyal]] in North Bengal. The 'actionists' were impatient and strived to organize armed uprisings. According to Basu, due to the prevailing political climate of youth and student rebellion, it was the 'actionists' who came to dominate the new Maoist movement in India, instead of the more theoretically advanced sections. This dichotomy is however rebuffed by followers of the radical stream, for example, the CPI(ML) Liberation.<ref name="autogenerated2000"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archive.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2001/october/charu.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013802/http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2001/october/charu.htm|url-status=dead|title=Untitled Document|archivedate=27 September 2007|website=www.archive.cpiml.org}}</ref>}}

In 1967, a peasant uprising broke out in [[Naxalbari]], in northern West Bengal. The insurgency was led by hardline district-level CPI(M) leaders [[Charu Majumdar]] and [[Kanu Sanyal]]. The hardliners within CPI(M) saw the Naxalbari uprising as the spark that would ignite the Indian revolution. Majumdar and others broke from CPI(M).<ref name=":2323">{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Sreemanti |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Empty Symbol: The Little Red Book in India}}</ref>{{Rp|page=120}} The CPC hailed the Naxalbari movement, causing an abrupt break in CPI(M)-CPC relations.{{efn|On 1 July, ''[[People's Daily]]'' carried an article titled "Spring Thunder Over India",<ref>{{cite news |title=Spring Thunder Over India |url=http://www.marxists.org/subject/china/documents/peoples-daily/1967/07/05.htm |work=People's Daily |date=1 July 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223115803/http://www.marxists.org/subject/china/documents/peoples-daily/1967/07/05.htm |archive-date=23 February 2007}}</ref> expressing the support of CPC to the Naxalbari rebels. At its meeting in [[Madurai]] on 18–27 August 1967, the Central Committee of CPI(M) adopted a resolution titled "Resolution on Divergent Views Between Our Party and the Communist Party of China on Certain Fundamental Issues of Programme and Policy".<ref>{{harvnb|Bose|2005|p=46}}.</ref>}} Majumdar and his group formed the [[Maoism|Maoist]]-oriented [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninst)]] in 1969.<ref name=":2323" />{{Rp|page=120}}

The Naxalbari movement was violently repressed by the West Bengal government, of which CPI(M) was a major partner. Within the party, the hardliners rallied around an [[All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/51-years-of-naxalbari-how-a-peasant-uprising-triggered-a-pan-india-political-movement-5191046/|title=Naxalbari: How a peasant uprising triggered a pan-India political movement|date=25 May 2018 |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> Following the 1968 [[Burdwan]] plenum of CPI(M) (held on 5–12 April 1968), the AICCCR separated itself from CPI(M).<ref name="NaxalismHistory">{{cite news | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/nm2/history-of-naxalism/article1-6545.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121035708/http://www.hindustantimes.com/nm2/history-of-naxalism/article1-6545.aspx | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 January 2015 | title=History of Naxalism | work=Hindustan Times | date=15 December 2005 | agency=[[Press Trust of India]] | accessdate=10 August 2015}}</ref> This split divided the party throughout the country. But notably in West Bengal, which was the center of the violent radicalized stream, no prominent leading figure left the party. The party and the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxalites]] (as the rebels were called) were soon to get into a bloody feud.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/half-a-century-of-india-s-maoist-insurgency-an-appraisal-of-state-response|title=Half a century of India's Maoist insurgency: An appraisal of state response|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

In Andhra Pradesh, another revolt was taking place. There the pro-Naxalbari dissidents had not established any presence. However,in the party organization, there were many veterans from the Telangana armed struggle; they rallied against the central party leadership. In Andhra Pradesh, the radicals had a strong base even amongst the state-level leadership. The main leader of the radical tendency was [[T. Nagi Reddy]], a member of the state legislative assembly. On 15 June 1968, the leaders of the radical tendency published a press statement outlining the critique of the development of CPI(M). It was signed by T. Nagi Reddy, D.V. Rao, Kolla Venkaiah, and [[Chandra Pulla Reddy]].{{efn|This press statement was reproduced in full in the central CPI(M) publication, People's Democracy, on 30 June. P. Sundarayya and M. Basavapunniah, acting on behalf of the Polit Bureau of CPI(M), formulated a response to the statement on 16 June, titled 'Rebuff the Rebels, Uphold Party Unity'.<ref>{{harvnb|Bose|2005|p=48}}.</ref>}}

In total, around 50% of the party cadres in Andhra Pradesh left the party to form the [[Andhra Pradesh Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]], under the leadership of T. Nagi Reddy.{{efn|Some perceive that the Chinese leadership severely misjudged the actual conditions of different Indian factions at the time, giving their full support to the Majumdar-Sanyal group whilst keeping the Andhra Pradesh radicals (that had a considerable mass following) at distance.}}

=== Dismissal of United Front governments in West Bengal and Kerala (1967–1970) ===

In November 1967, the West Bengal United Front government was dismissed by the central government. Initially, the Indian National Congress formed a minority government led by [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]], but that cabinet did not last long.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bengal-a-long-history-of-governor-state-govt-conflict-769101.html|title=Bengal: A long history of Governor-state govt conflict|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> Following the proclamation that the United Front government had been dislodged, a 48-hour hartal was effective throughout the state.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41854471|title=The Role of Governor in Indian Politics Since 1967|jstor=41854471 |access-date=24 March 2024 |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Sibranjan |journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science |date=30 May 1971 |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=522–535 }}</ref> After the fall of the Ghosh cabinet, the state was put under President's Rule. CPI(M) launched agitations against the interventions of the central government in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcrg.ac.in/PP93.pdf|title=The left movement in West Bengal|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1967-naxalbari-movement/article65721597.ece|title=1967: Naxalbari movement|date=12 August 2022 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

The 8th Party Congress of CPI(M) was held in [[Kochi]], Kerala, on 23–29 December 1968. On 25 December 1968, whilst the congress was held, 42 [[Dalit]]s were [[Kilvenmani massacre|burned alive]] in the [[Tamil Nadu]] village of [[Kizhavenmani]]. The massacre was a retaliation from landlords after Dalit labourers had taken part in a CPI(M)-led agitation for higher wages.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/magazine/issue/vol17-12/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223113220/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1712/17121050.htm |url-status=dead |title=Latest Volume17-Issue12 News, Photos, Latest News Headlines about Volume17-Issue12 |archive-date=23 February 2008 |website=Frontline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nhrc.nic.in/Publications/NHRCJournal2002.pdf |title=Untitled-1 |access-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023515/http://nhrc.nic.in/Publications/NHRCJournal2002.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

The United Front government in Kerala was forced out of office in October 1969, as the CPI, RSP, KTP, and Muslim League ministers resigned. E.M.S. Namboodiripad handed in his resignation on 24 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kerala.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060805205314/http://www.kerala.gov.in/knowkerala/political.htm |url-status=dead |title=Home – Government of Kerala, India |archive-date=5 August 2006 |website=kerala.gov.in}}</ref> A coalition government led by CPI leader [[C. Achutha Menon]] was formed, with the outside support of the [[Indian National Congress]].

==== Elections in West Bengal and Kerala ====
Fresh elections were held in West Bengal in 1969. CPI(M) contested 97 seats and won 80. The party was now the largest in the West Bengal legislative.{{efn|Indian National Congress had won 23 seats, Bangla Congress 33, and CPI 30. CPI(M) allies also won several seats.<ref group="e">{{cite report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1969 to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071129141351/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2007 |language=en-IN}}{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref>}} However, with the active support of CPI and the [[Bangla Congress]], [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] was returned as Chief Minister of the state. Mukherjee resigned on 16 March 1970, after a pact had been reached between CPI, Bangla Congress, and the Indian National Congress against CPI(M). CPI(M) strove to form a new government, instead but the central government put the state under President's Rule.

=== Land Reform ===
{{main|Operation Barga}}
Though land reform was successfully done in three [[India]]n states ([[West Bengal]], [[Kerala]], and [[Tamil Nadu]]), India's first land reform was done in [[West Bengal]] in 1967, under the leadership of two Communist leaders: [[Hare Krishna Konar]] and [[Benoy Choudhury]], in which [[Hare Krishna Konar]] played a leading role in getting surplus land held by big land owners in excess of land ceiling laws and kept ‘benami' (or false names) vested with the state. The quantum of land thus vested was around one million acres (4,000 km2) of good agricultural land. Subsequently, under the leadership of [[Hare Krishna Konar]] and [[Benoy Choudhury]] land was distributed amongst 2.4 million landless and poor farmers. Later after 1970 the united front government of west Bengal fail and the land reform was also stopped for seven years and after left front came in West Bengal in 1977 this land reform was renamed to [[Operation Barga]] and this barga was the notable contribution to the people from [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] Government of West Bengal. To begin with, group meetings between Officials and Bargadars were organized during "settlement camps" (also called "Reorientation camps"), where the bargadars could discuss their grievances. The first such camp was held at Halusai in Polba taluk in [[Hooghly district]] from 18 to 20 May 1978. In noted camp, two Adibashi Borgaders objected procedure adopted by the official for [[Operation Barga|Barga]] Operation. They suggested to start it organising people in the field instead of sitting in the houses of rural rich people or the places dominated by them.<ref name="TEAM">[http://team.univ-paris1.fr/teamperso/DEA/Cursus/M1/Doc4%20Operation%20Barga.pdf Operation Barga] – report by ''Theorie Et Applications en Microeconomie et Macroeconomie'' ('''TEAM''') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20061118154131/http://team.univ-paris1.fr/teamperso/DEA/Cursus/M1/Doc4%20Operation%20Barga.pdf Read online]).</ref><ref name="Paramjit">Paramjit Singh, Gurpreet Bal, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7lKM4aWhIH0C&dq=%22Operation+Barga%22+camp&pg=PA148 Strategies of Social Change in India], pp. 148, M.D. Publications, 1996. {{ISBN|81-7533-006-6}}, {{ISBN|978-81-7533-006-1}}.</ref><ref name="Chaudhary ToI">Pranava K. Chaudhary, [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/operation-barga-ends-in-a-whimper/articleshow/22105421.cms Operation Barga ends in a whimper], ''[[Times of India]]'', 14 September 2002.</ref>

=== Formation of CITU (1970) ===
{{main|Centre of Indian Trade Unions}}
'''Centre of Indian Trade Unions''', CITU is a National level [[Trade Union]] in India and its trade union wing is a spearhead of the Indian Trade Union Movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citucentre.org/|title=Centre of Indian Trade Unions|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> The Centre of Indian Trade Unions is today one of biggest assembly of workers and classes of India. It has strong unchallengeable presence in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of Tripura besides a good presence in [[West Bengal]], Kerala and [[Kanpur]]. They have an average presence in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]].

According to the provisional statistics from the [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour]], CITU had a membership of approximately 6,040,000 in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 March 2018 |title=CITU plans to expand its base in IT sector |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/citu-plans-to-expand-its-base-in-it-sector/article23358181.ece |access-date=4 December 2020 |issn=0971-751X |language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Tapan Kumar Sen]] is the General Secretary and [[K. Hemalata]] is the president of CITU. K. Hemalata was the first woman President in CITU who was elected after [[A. K. Padmanabhan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/a-first-woman-elected-citu-president.html |title=A first: Woman elected CITU president |work=The Pioneer |access-date=31 July 2019 |archive-date=4 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250304040200/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/a-first-woman-elected-citu-president.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It runs a monthly organ named ''Working Class''. CITU is affiliated to the [[World Federation of Trade Unions]].<ref>World Federation of Trade Unions. ''[http://www.wftucentral.org/indian-trade-union-delegation-visits-venezuelan-embassy-in-new-delhi/ Indian Trade Union Delegation visits Venezuelan Embassy in New Delhi]''</ref>

=== Outbreak of war in East Pakistan (1971–1972) ===
{{main|Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist)}}
In 1971, [[Bangladesh]] (formerly [[East Pakistan]]) declared its independence from [[Pakistan]]. The Pakistani military tried to quell the uprising. India intervened militarily and gave active backing to the [[Mukti Bahini|Bangladeshi rebels]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/12/16/remembering-the-war-of-1971-in-east-pakistan|title=Remembering the war of 1971 in East Pakistan|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> Millions of Bangladeshi refugees sought shelter in India, especially in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sarkari-thoughts/treatment-of-the-1971-east-bengali-refugees-a-forgotten-experience/|title=Treatment of the 1971 East Bengali refugees: A forgotten experience|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=23 March 2024 |last1=Sarkar |first1=Dr Subhradipta }}</ref>

At the time, the radical sections of the Bangladeshi communist movement were divided into many [[Political faction|factions]]. Whilst the pro-Soviet [[Communist Party of Bangladesh]] actively participated in the rebellion, the pro-China communist tendency found itself in a peculiar situation as China had sided with Pakistan in the war. In Calcutta, where many Bangladeshi leftists had sought refuge, CPI(M) worked to co-ordinate the efforts to create a new political organization. In the fall of 1971 three small groups, which were all hosted by the CPI(M), came together to form the [[Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist)]]. The new party became the sister party of CPI(M) in Bangladesh.{{efn|The same is also true for the [[Workers Party of Bangladesh]], which was formed in 1980 when BCP(L) merged with other groups. Although politically close, WPB can be said to have a more Maoist-oriented profile than CPI(M).}}

=== Boycott of Assembly and Emergency rule (1972–1977) ===
In 1975, the [[Prime Minister of India]], Indira Gandhi imposed a [[State of emergency]] on the premise of internal disturbances suspending elections, legitimising [[rule by decree]] and curbing [[civil liberties]].<ref name=":66">{{cite journal |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=1996 |title=Emergency Assessments |journal=Social Scientist |volume=24 |issue=9/10 |pages=36–68 |doi=10.2307/3520142 |jstor=3520142 |issn=0970-0293}}</ref> The proposition for the declaration of the emergency and the formal draft of the ordinance were both notably corroborated to have been forwarded by [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]].<ref>{{cite web |last=C G |first=Manoj |date=13 June 2015 |title=S S Ray to Indira Gandhi six months before Emergency: Crack down, get law ready |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/six-months-before-emergency-s-s-ray-to-indira-gandhi-crack-down-get-law-ready/ |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Narayan |first=S. |date=25 June 2020 |title=Why Did Indira Gandhi Impose Emergency In 1975? |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/hans/opinion/news-analysis/why-did-indira-gandhi-impose-emergency-in-1975-630015 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Jacob |first=Jack Farj Rafael |title=An Odyssey in War and Peace: An Autobiography of Lt. Gen JFR Jacob |publisher=[[Roli Books]] |year=2012 |isbn=9788174369338 |page=189 |author-link=J. F. R. Jacob}}</ref> The Communist Party of India (Marxist) emerged as one of the primary opposition to [[The Emergency (India)]].<ref name=":66" /> The following period witnessed a succession of [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] measures and political repression, which was particularly severe in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite book |last=DeSouza |first=Peter Ronald |title=India's Political Parties |date=3 October 2006 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5280-534-1 |pages=217–221}}</ref> The members of the CPI-M's labour union became the first subject to political repression and [[mass arrest]]s while the rest of the members of the CPI-M went underground.<ref name=":582">{{cite book |last=Ruparelia |first=Sanjay |title=Divided We Govern: Coalition Politics in Modern India |year=2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-026491-8 |pages=71–72}}</ref>

With the initiation of the [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] (JP)'s movement, the CPI-M began providing support to it and went on to participate in discussions for the creation of a united front under the umbrella of the [[Janata Party]]. Several of the leaders of the CPI-M were also influenced by JP with [[Jyoti Basu]] noted to be one of his prominent admirers having worked under him in the [[All India Railwaymen's Federation]] during the 1940s.<ref name=":582" /> The involvement of the [[Hindutva]] movement however complicated matters, according to JP the formal inclusion of the marxists who had undergone a splintering and whose organisation was localised in particular region would have been detrimental to the movement as the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] members would switch sides if they joined.<ref name=":582" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Prakash |first=Gyan |author-link=Gyan Prakash |title=Emergency Chronicles: Indira Gandhi and Democracy's Turning Point |date=8 December 2018 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-93-5305-351-2}}</ref> JP and Basu eventually came to an agreement that the CPI-M would not formally join the Janata Party as it would weaken the movement.<ref name=":582" /> After the revocation of the emergency, the CPI-M joined an electoral alliance with the Janata Party in the [[1977 Indian general election]] which resulted in an overwhelming victory for the Janata Alliance.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Blair |first=Harry W. |date=April 1980 |title=Mrs Gandhi's Emergency, The Indian Elections of 1977, Pluralism and Marxism: Problems with Paradigms |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/mrs-gandhis-emergency-the-indian-elections-of-1977-pluralism-and-marxism-problems-with-paradigms/908EF9B139D645655C3336A4D17F2FAE |journal=Modern Asian Studies |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=237–271 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X00007320 |s2cid=144182647 |issn=1469-8099|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Left Front Government formation in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura assembly (1977 afterwards) ===
==== West Bengal ====
{{Main|Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal}}

[[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal|CPI(M) West Bengal]] under the leadership of Jyoti Basu fought the [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]. Initially, the election was planned to fight in alliance with the [[Janata Party]], but the negotiations between the parties broke down.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mahaprashasta |first=Ajoy Ashirwad |date=4 May 2016 |title=Why Has Nobody Called It Yet? An Analysis of the West Bengal Elections |url=https://thewire.in/politics/why-has-nobody-called-it-yet-an-analysis-of-the-west-bengal-elections |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> This led to a three sided contested between the [[Indian National Congress]], the Janata Party and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) led [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front coalition]]. The results of the election was a surprising sweep for the Left Front winning 230 seats out of 290 with the CPI-M winning an absolute majority on its own, Basu became the [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]]. From the 1977 election through to 2011, the CPI(M) led [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] won seven consecutive elections. Under Jyoti Basu's leadership the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] won, [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]], [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]], [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]], [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]], [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]] elections. For the next 23 years he was the [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]] making him the longest serving at this position.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 January 2010 |title=Jyoti Basu pulls in the crowds – one last time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/jyoti-basu-pulls-in-the-crowds-one-last-time/story-ExpoMM4jnIE9pvIvqLQN9H.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

In the late 2000s, the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] saw a change in leadership. Under the leadership of [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], the Left Front won the elections of [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]] elections and [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]. From 2000 to 2011, remained the [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]] for 11 years.

Following the events of [[Nandigram violence|2007 Nandigram anti land acquisition violence]]<ref name="aljaz">{{Cite news |last=Bhaumik |first=Subir |date=2011-05-13 |title=Defeat rocks India's elected communists - Features |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/05/2011513143311330487.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005063541/http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/05/2011513143311330487.html |archive-date=2011-10-05 |access-date=2011-10-16 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref> and the [[Tata Nano Singur controversy|2006 Singur anti land acquisition violence]], led by opposition parties in West Bengal. In the [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]] lost the elections marking the end of 34-year rule of [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]], the longest-serving democratically elected communist government in the world, a fact that was noted by international media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/|title=Result | Home|website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-05-12 |title=India: Mamata Banerjee routs communists in West Bengal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-13374646 |access-date=2024-01-16 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> After [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 elections]] the Left Front has no representatives in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

==== Kerala ====
{{Main|Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala}}

After the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|CPI split in 1964]], prominent communist leader in Kerala [[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]], [[A. K. Gopalan]] and [[K. R. Gouri Amma]] stood with the Communist Party of India (Marxist). One year after the split, in the [[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1965 elections]] CPI(M) which was splinter faction of CPI, emerged as the largest party in the assembly with 40 seats, whereas the CPI settled with 3 seats only. However no single party could form a ministry commanding majority and hence this election is considered abortive. [[President's rule]] was invoked for the fourth time.<ref name="KeralaLegislature">{{cite web | url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776:history-of-kerala-legislature | title=History of Kerala Legislature | publisher=Kerala Government | access-date=30 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101549/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776%3Ahistory-of-kerala-legislature | archive-date=2014-10-06 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1965 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala |url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1965_ST_REP.pdf |website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India – New Delhi}}</ref>

In the [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967 Kerala assembly election]] both communist parties - CPI (M) and CPI - along with smaller parties including SSP and Muslim League contested this election as a United Front. A total of seven parties contested in the front, and the front was known as ''[[Saptakakshi Munnani]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Koshi|first1=Luke|last2=Balan|first2=Saritha S.|date=2017-06-19|title=Kerala Chronicles: When a Coalition of Seven Political Parties Came Together Only to Fall Apart|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-chronicles-when-coalition-7-political-parties-came-together-only-fall-apart-63905|access-date=|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> The CPI(M) led front won the election with a record 113 seats out of 133 seats and formed the government under [[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]].

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, two main pre-poll political alliances were formed: the [[Left Democratic Front]] (LDF) led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India and the United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress. These pre-poll political alliances of Kerala have stabilized strongly in such a manner that, with rare exceptions, most of the coalition partners stick their loyalty to the respective alliances (Left Democratic Front or United Democratic Front).

LDF first came into power in [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] in 1980 under the leadership of [[E. K. Nayanar]] who later became the longest serving [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief minister of Kerala]], ever since [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980 election]], the power has been clearly alternating between the two alliances till the [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]. In 2016, LDF won the 2016 election and had a historic re-election in [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 election]] where an incumbent government was re-elected for first time in 40 years. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] is the first chief minister of Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full term (five years) in office.<ref>{{cite news |title=LDF shatters Kerala's 40-year record, Pinarayi Vijayan now the Marxist Helmsman |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr |access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref>

==== Tripura ====
{{Main|Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tripura}}

Under the leadership of [[Nripen Chakraborty]], the CPI(M) led [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]] won the [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977 assembly elections]]. [[Nripen Chakraborty]], became the first [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Chief minister of Tripura]] from CPI(M). In the next [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983 assembly elections]] the incumbent government of Left Front was again re-elected and therefore it was in the government for 10 years.<ref name="Chakrabarty2014">{{cite book |author=Bidyut Chakrabarty |title=Left Radicalism in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0xWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA88 |date=13 November 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-66805-3 |pages=87–88}}</ref> In [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988 assembly elections]] CPI(M) was out of power for 5 years despite being the largest party by seats won. In [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993 assembly elections]], the [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]] won the elections and [[Dasarath Deb]] sworn in as the [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Chief minister of Tripura]].

From 1993 to 2013, the [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]] won 5 elections continuously. Since the [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998 assembly elections]], [[Manik Sarkar]] was the [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Chief minister of Tripura]] for 20 years making him the longest serving at the position in Tripura. Under his leadership the Left Front has won [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]], [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]], [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]] and [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]. Currently, CPI(M) is the main opposition party in the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]].

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) is the dominant party in the coalition.<ref name="Chakrabarty2014" /><ref name="Bareh2001">{{cite book |author=Hamlet Bareh |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Tripura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fk8kq9PUapkC&pg=PA58 |year=2001 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-795-5 |page=58}}</ref> The other four members of the Left Front are the Communist Party of India, the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], the [[All India Forward Bloc]] and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]].<ref name="Rana2006">{{cite book |author=Mahendra Singh Rana |title=India Votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Elections 2001–2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yInZdHn-pKoC&pg=PA420 |year=2006 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-647-6 |pages=420–421}}</ref>

=== International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties ===
{{Main|International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties}}
In 2009, CPI(M) hosted [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties#11th International Meeting, 2009|11th International Communist Parties Meeting]] in [[New Delhi]]. The summit was attended by 57 communist parties from 48 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.solidnet.org/11-international-meeting-of-communist-and-workers-parties/11-imcwp-press-communique|title=11 IMCWP, Press Communique|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103957/http://www.solidnet.org/11-international-meeting-of-communist-and-workers-parties/11-imcwp-press-communique}}</ref>

== Leadership and organisation ==

=== Leadership ===
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Old Gallery" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="150">
CPI (M) Leaders. Noormahal. 27 Oct 1966.jpg|[[A. K. Gopalan]] (left), [[B. T. Ranadive]] (center), [[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]] (right) and [[Hare Krishna Konar|H. K. Konar]] (extreme right) with other leaders in Kolkata, 1966
EMS & JS Lyalpuri. Noor Mahal. 27 Oct 1966.jpg|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] and [[Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri|J. S. Lyallpuri]], 1966
Nicolae Ceaușescu and P. Sundarayya.jpg|[[Puchalapalli Sundarayya|P. Sundarayya]] with [[President of Romania|1st President of Romania]], [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], 1969
Basu, Ranadive, Mukherjee, Basavapunnaiah, and Konar in the conference of AIKS held in Barsul in 1969.jpg|[[Jyoti Basu|Basu]], [[B. T. Ranadive|Ranadive]], [[Samar Mukherjee (Howrah politician)|Mukherjee]], [[Makineni Basavapunnaiah|Basavapunnaiah]] and [[Hare Krishna Konar|Konar]] in the 20th conference of the [[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|AIKS]] held in [[Barshul|Barsul, West Bengal]], 1969
Hare Krishna Konar in the conference of Trade Union International of Agriculture.jpg|[[Hare Krishna Konar|H. K. Konar]] leading the conference of the [[Trade Union International of Agricultural, Forestry and Plantation Workers|TUIAFPW]], in the 1970s
Nicolae Ceaușescu and E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] with [[President of Romania|1st President of Romania]], [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]], 1979
Cpmcongress1293.JPG|[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|H. S. Surjeet]], [[Jyoti Basu]], [[Lakshmi Sahgal]], and [[Sitaram Yechury]] in the 18th party congress at [[Delhi]], 2005
</gallery>
<gallery mode="packed" caption="New Gallery" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="150">
Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|'''[[Jyoti Basu]]''' Longest serving [[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
EMS Namboodiripad 2001 stamp of India (cropped) 1.jpg|'''[[E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]''' 1st [[Chief minister of Kerala]].
Manik Sarkar Official Portrait.jpg|'''[[Manik Sarkar]]''' Longest serving [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Chief minister of Tripura]].
Hammer and Sickle - Kerala.jpg|A tableau in a CPI(M) rally in Kerala, India showing two farmers forming the [[hammer and sickle]].
</gallery>

The 24th Congress of the CPI(M) held between April 2nd and 6th, 2025 at [[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]] elected a 85 member Central Committee with one seat left vacant. There are also seven special invitees and fout permanent invitees to the Central Committee. The Central Committee at its meeting held on April 6th, 2025 at the conclusion of the Congress elected a 18 member [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Politburo]]. The Central Committee also elected Com. [[M. A. Baby]] as the General Secretary. The post of General Secretary was left vacant after the death of [[Sitaram Yechury]] on 12th September 2024. :<ref name="cpim.org">{{cite web |date=22 April 2018 |title=New Central Committee Elected at the 24th Congress |url=https://cpim.org/leadership/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527202640/https://cpim.org/pressbriefs/new-central-committee-elected-22nd-congress |archive-date=27 May 2018}}</ref>

=== Politburo members ===
{{Main article|Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
{{static row numbers}}{{sort under}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| Portrait
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| Name
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| Note
|-
|[[File:MA Baby 2022 (cropped).jpg|120px]]
|'''[[M. A. Baby]]'''
|'''[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)#General Secretaries|General Secretary]]''' Member of Central Secretariat Former Minister for Education and Culture in Kerala Former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|[[File:BV Raghavulu in 2025.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[B. V. Raghavulu]]'''
|Member of Central Secretariat Former [[Andhra Pradesh]] State Secretary
|-
|[[File:Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan 2023.tif|120px]]
|'''[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]'''
|Member of [[Kerala]] State Secretariat [[Chief Minister of Kerala]]
|-
|[[File:Tapan Kumar Sen.png|120px]]
|'''[[Tapan Sen]]'''
|[[Centre of Indian Trade Unions|CITU]] General Secretary Former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|[[File:Nilotpal Basu.png|120px]]
|'''[[Nilotpal Basu]]'''
|Former [[Students Federation of India|SFI]] General Secretary Former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|[[File:A.vijayaraghavan4.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[A. Vijayaraghavan]]'''
|[[All India Agricultural Workers Union|AIAWU]] President Former [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] Convenor Former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] Former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|-
|[[File:Mohammed Salim in January 2025.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]'''
|[[West Bengal]] State Secretary Former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] Former Minister for Technical Education and Training, Youth Welfare, Minority Development and Welfare, Self Employment in West Bengal Former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|-
|[[File:Ashok Dhawale.png|120px]]
|'''[[Ashok Dhawale]]'''
|[[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|AIKS]] President Former [[Maharashtra]] State Secretary
|-
|[[File:RC Dome CPIM.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Ram Chandra Dome]]'''
|Member of [[West Bengal]] State Secretariat Former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|-
|[[File:M. V. Govindan Master 01 4.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[M. V. Govindan]]'''
|[[Kerala]] State Secretary [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly, Kerala]] Former Minister for Local Self Governments and Excise in Kerala
|-
|[[File:A delegation from Tripura led by Shri Jitendra Chaudhury, MP (Lok Sabha), calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on Thursday, November 24, 2016 (cropped).jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Jitendra Choudhury]]'''
|[[Tripura]] State Secretary [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tripura Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition in Tripura Legislative Assembly]] Former Minister of Forest and Industry, Commerce, Sports in Tripura Former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|-
|[[File: K Balakrishnan Speech Venmani 2018 (cropped).jpg|120px]]
|'''[[K. Balakrishnan (CPI-M)|K. Balakrishnan]]'''
|Former [[Tamil Nadu]] State Secretary Former [[14th Tamil Nadu Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly, Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|[[File:U.Vasuki CPIM.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[U. Vasuki]]'''
|[[All India Democratic Women's Association|AIDWA]] Vice President
|-
|[[File:Amra Ram.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Amra Ram]]'''
|[[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|AIKS]] Vice President [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] Former [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly, Rajasthan]]
|-
|[[File:Srideep Bhattacharya.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Srideep Bhattacharya]]'''
|Member of [[West Bengal]] State Secretariat
|-
|[[File:Vijoo Krishnan.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Vijoo Krishnan]]'''
|[[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|AIKS]] General Secretary
|-
|[[File:Mariam Dhawale in 2024.jpg|120px]]
|'''[[Mariam Dhawale]]'''
|[[All India Democratic Women's Association|AIDWA]] General Secretary
|-
|[[File:R. Arun Kumar CPI(M) (cropped).jpg|120px]]
|'''R. Arun Kumar'''
|Former [[Students Federation of India|SFI]] President
|-
|}

=== General Secretaries ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| width = 200
|image1=Akgopalanbhavan240.jpg
|caption1=AKG Bhavan, the CPI(M) national headquarters in [[Delhi]] {{coord|28|37|53.6|N|77|12|17.9|E}}}}
Article XV, Section 15 of the party constitution says:

<blockquote>"No person can hold the position of the General Secretary for more than three full terms. Full term means the period between two Party Congresses. In a special situation, a person who has completed three full terms as General Secretary may be re-elected for a fourth term provided it is so decided by the Central Committee with a three-fourth majority. But in no case can that person be elected again for another term in addition to the fourth term."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpim.org/party-constitution|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315084048/http://cpim.org/party-constitution|url-status=dead|title=Party Constitution|date=18 March 2009|archivedate=15 March 2015|website=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}</ref></blockquote>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|+List of General Secretaries<ref name="cpim">{{cite web |url=http://cpim.org/content/members-pb-elected-previous-congresses |title=CPI (M) Website |access-date=9 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121124133818/http://cpim.org/content/members-pb-elected-previous-congresses |archive-date=24 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white" | S. No.
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| Term
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| Portrait
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| Name
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"|State
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| References
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 1
! scope="row" | 1964–1978
| {{sort|Sundarayya|[[File:Sundaraiah-Puchalapalli.jpg|100px]]}}
|[[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-25 |title=Members of PB - 7th to 19th Congress {{!}} Communist Party of India (Marxist) |url=http://cpim.org/content/members-pb-elected-previous-congresses |access-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125073315/http://cpim.org/content/members-pb-elected-previous-congresses |archive-date=25 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Putchalapalli Sundarayya (An Autobiography) {{!}} Exotic India Art |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/putchalapalli-sundarayya-autobiography-nag308/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |After the split of the Communist Party of India in the 7th General meeting, a new political outfit was formed Communist Party of India (Marxist). [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]] was elected as its General Secretary.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 2
! scope="row" | 1978–1992
| {{sort|Namboodiripad|[[File:EMS Namboodiripad 2001 stamp of India (cropped) 1.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|[[Kerala]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: E.M.S. Namboodiripad, a very contemporary Marxist |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-archives-e-m-s-namboodiripad-a-very-contemporary-marxist-1888241-2021-12-15 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=India Today |date=15 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Nandita |date=2019-03-19 |title=EMS Namboodiripad, the communist CM who laid foundation of 'Kerala model' |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/ems-namboodiripad-the-communist-cm-who-laid-foundation-of-kerala-model/207502/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |The two time [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]], [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] was elected as the General Secretary in the 10th party Congress.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 3
! scope="row" | 1992–2005
| {{sort|Surjeet|[[File:Surjith-6.JPG|100px]]}}
| [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=archive.ph |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=a7cd9552-34ef-42f0-8861-48711969e8ae&ParentID=1e5b1926-3c9b-44c3-99fe-e0863dedc58a&MatchID1=4736&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1194&MatchID2=4727&TeamID3=2&TeamID4=3&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1191&PrimaryID=4736&Headline=Harkishan+Singh+Surjeet+-+nationalist+to+Communist+and+then+kingmaker |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=archive.ph |archive-date=9 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209082224/http://www.hindustantimes.com/storypage/storypage.aspx?id=a7cd9552-34ef-42f0-8861-48711969e8ae&ParentID=1e5b1926-3c9b-44c3-99fe-e0863dedc58a&MatchID1=4736&TeamID1=8&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1194&MatchID2=4727&TeamID3=2&TeamID4=3&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1191&PrimaryID=4736&Headline=Harkishan+Singh+Surjeet+-+nationalist+to+Communist+and+then+kingmaker |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]] came to head the CPI-M as its general secretary in 1992, an influential post he held until 2005 when failing health forced him into virtual retirement.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 4
! scope="row" | 2005–2015
| {{sort|Karat|[[File:PrakashKarat cropped.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[Prakash Karat]]
|[[Delhi]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakash Karat in CPI-M general secretary |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/apr/11cpm.htm |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Prakash Karat]] was elected as the general secretary in the 18th party Congress. He was re-elected again to hold office until 2015.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 5
! scope="row" | 2015–2024
|{{sort|Yechury|[[File:Yechuri_1.JPG|100px]] }}
| [[Sitaram Yechury]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Sitaram Yechury gets re-elected as CPI-M general secretary for third time |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/sitaram-yechury-gets-re-elected-as-cpi-m-general-secretary-for-third-time-122041000536_1.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Sitaram Yechury re-elected as CPI(M) general secretary for third term |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/sitaram-yechury-re-elected-as-cpim-general-secretary-for-third-term-1099418.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Sitaram Yechury]] was first elected as the party general secretary during the 21st party Congress at Visakhapatnam in April 2015. He was re-elected to the post at the 22nd party Congress at Hyderabad on 18 April 2018. Again re-elected for the third time at 23rd Party Congress held at Kannur, Kerala in April 2022 to hold the office until his death on 12 September 2024. Till date he is the only general secretary in the history of the party to die in office.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | Interim Co-ordinator
! scope="row" | 2024-2025
| {{sort|Karat|[[File:PrakashKarat cropped.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[Prakash Karat]]
|[[Delhi]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/prakash-karat-to-be-coordinator-of-cpims-polit-bureau-central-committee-as-interim-measure/articleshow/113783757.cms | title=Prakash Karat to be coordinator of CPI(M)'s Polit Bureau, Central Committee as interim measure - the Economic Times }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |[[Prakash Karat]] was elected as the interim coordinator after Yechury's death until the new general secretary was elected.
|-
! scope="row" rowspan ="2" | 6
! scope="row" | 2025–
| {{sort|Karat|[[File:MABaby.jpg|100px]]}}
| [[M. A. Baby]]
|[[Kerala]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=M A Baby elected as General Secretary of CPI(M) at Madurai Party Congress
|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/tamil-nadu/m-a-baby-elected-as-general-secretary-of-cpim-in-madurai-party-congress-3480493|access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" |[[M. A. Baby]] was elected as the general secretary in the 24th party Congress held at [[Madurai]] in 2025
|-
|}

=== State Secretaries ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"|
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white" | State
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white"| State Secretary
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| '''D. Ayyappan'''
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
| '''[[V. Srinivasa Rao]]'''
|-
|[[Assam]]
| '''[[Suprakash Talukdar]]'''
|-
|[[Bihar]]
| '''Lalan Choudhary'''
|-
|[[Delhi]]
| '''Anurag Saxena'''
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
| '''[[Bal Singh]]'''
|-
|[[Goa]]
| '''Victor Savio Bragança'''
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
| '''Hitendra Bhatt'''
|-
|[[Haryana]]
| '''Prem Chand'''
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
| '''[[Sanjay Chauhan (politician)|Sanjay Chauhan]]'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://himachalscape.com/cpim-himachal-pradesh-elects-new-leadership-vows-to-champion-public-causes/?amp=1 | title=CPIM Himachal Pradesh elects new leadership, Vows to champion public causes | date=30 November 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/new-state-executive-committee-of-cpi-m-formed-sanjay-chauhan-will-be-the-state-secretary-of-cpi-m-2024-11-30 | title=Shimla: माकपा की नई प्रदेश कार्यकारिणी गठित, संजय चौहान होंगे राज्य सचिव, ये बने मंडल सदस्य }}</ref>
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| '''Mohammed Abass Rather'''
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
| '''Prakash Viplav'''
|-
| [[Karnataka]]
| '''K. Prakash'''
|-
|[[Kerala]]
| '''[[M. V. Govindan]]'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-28 |title=Kodiyeri Balakrishnan steps down, MV Govindan Master is new CPM Kerala state secretary |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/kodiyeri-balakrishnan-steps-down-mv-govindan-master-is-new-cpm-8116975/ |access-date=2022-10-03 |newspaper=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| '''Jaswinder Singh'''
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
| '''Ajit Nawale'''
|-
|[[Manipur]]
| '''[[Kshetrimayum Santa]]'''
|-
|[[Odisha]]
| '''Suresh Chandra Panigrahy'''
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| '''Sukhwinder Singh Sekhon'''
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| '''S. Ramachandran'''
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
| '''Kishan Pareek'''
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
| '''[[P. Shanmugam (CPIM)|P. Shanmugam]]'''
|-
|[[Telangana]]
| '''John Wesley'''
|-
|[[Tripura]]
| '''[[Jitendra Chaudhury]]'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Tripura State Conference of CPI(M) Concludes |url=https://cpim.org/states/tripura-state-conference-cpim-concludes |website=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |language=en |date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jitendra Choudhury elected CPI(M)'s Tripura state secretary |url=https://theprint.in/india/jitendra-choudhury-elected-cpims-tripura-state-secretary/850242/ |access-date=24 November 2023 |work=ThePrint |date=27 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tripura CPI(M) State Committee meeting endorses alliance with Congress, smaller left parties |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tripura-cpim-state-committee-meeting-endorses-alliance-with-congress-smaller-left-parties/article66424882.ece |work=The Hindu |date=24 January 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
| '''Rajendra Purohit'''
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| '''Ravi Shankar Mishra'''
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
| '''[[Mohammed Salim (politician)|Mohammed Salim]]'''
|-
|}

=== Principal mass organisations ===
[[File:Cpmcongress (87).JPG|thumb|CPI(M) 18th Congress rally in [[Delhi]]]]
[[File:Communist parade (6297059793).jpg|thumb|right|220px|A [[Centre of Indian Trade Unions|CITU]] rally in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]].]]
* [[Democratic Youth Federation of India]]
* [[Students' Federation of India]]
* [[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]]
* [[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|All India Kisan Sabha]]
* All India Agricultural Workers Union
* [[All India Democratic Women's Association]]
* [[Balasangam]]
* [[Bank Employees Federation of India]]
* [[Ganamukti Parishad]], [[Tripura]]
*[[Tribal Youth Federation]], [[Tripura]]
*Adivasi Kshema Samithi, [[Kerala]]

===International affiliation===
Communist Party of India Marxist is internationally affiliated to [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]] and [[Communist Party of Britain|Unity for Peace and Socialism]].
Its members in Great Britain are in the electoral front [[Communist Party of Britain|Unity for Peace and Socialism]], with the [[Communist Party of Britain]] and the British-domiciled sections of the [[Communist Party of Bangladesh]] and the [[Communist Party of Greece]] (KKE). It stood 13 candidates in the London-wide list section of the [[London Assembly]] elections in May 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ufps.org.uk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218093242/http://ufps.org.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2010 |title=Unity For Peace and Socialism homepage}}</ref>

== Indian general elections results ==
{{main|Electoral history of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Performance of Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Loksabha elections
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Year
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Legislature
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Party Secretary
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Total constituencies
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Seats won / contested
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Change in seats
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Total votes
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| {{abbr|Per.|Percent}} of votes
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Change in vote %
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Party Rank
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Outcome
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| {{ref.}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[4th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=3| [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]
|520
|{{Composition bar|19|59|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|''New''
|6,246,522
|4.28 %
|''New''
|6th
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1967" group="e">{{cite report |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha |volume=1 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |work=Election Commission of India |location=New Delhi |year=1968 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226101610/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2013 |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=78 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[5th Lok Sabha]]
|518
|{{Composition bar|25|85|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 6
|7,510,089
|5.12 %
|{{increase}} 0.84%
|{{increase}} 2nd
|{{No|Main Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1971" group="e">{{cite report |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha |volume=1 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |work=Election Commission of India |location=New Delhi |year=1968 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021044322/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=79 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[6th Lok Sabha]]
|542
|{{Composition bar|22|53|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|8,113,659
|4.29 %
|{{decrease}} 0.83%
|{{decrease}} 3rd
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1977" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1977 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=89}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[7th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=4| [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|542
|{{Composition bar|37|64|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 15
|12,352,331
|6.24 %
|{{increase}} 1.95%
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1980" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1980 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=86}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[8th Lok Sabha]]
|541
|{{Composition bar|22|64|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 15
|14,272,526
|5.72 %
|{{decrease}} 0.52%
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1984" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1984 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=81}}</ref><ref name="ECI1985" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1985/Vol_I_LS_85.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1985 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=15}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[9th Lok Sabha]]
|529
|{{Composition bar|33|64|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 11
|19,691,309
|6.55 %
|{{increase}} 0.83
|{{decrease}} 4th
|{{Yes2|Outside Support}}
|<ref name="ECI1989" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1989 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=88}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[10th Lok Sabha]]
|534
|{{Composition bar|35|63|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|17,074,699
|6.14 %
|{{decrease}} 0.41%
|{{steady}} 4th
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1991" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1991/VOL_I_91.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1991 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=58}}</ref><ref name="ECI1992" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1992/GE_VOL_I_92.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1992 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=13}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=4| [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|32|75|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|20,496,810
|6.12 %
|{{decrease}} 0.02%
|{{steady}} 4th
|{{Yes2|Outside Support}}
|<ref name="ECI1996" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report: 1996 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=93}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[12th Lok Sabha]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|32|71|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|18,991,867
|5.16 %
|{{decrease}} 0.96%
|{{increase}} 3rd
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1998" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report: 1998 Vol. 1 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=92 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718181833/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[13th Lok Sabha]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|33|72|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|19,695,767
|5.40 %
|{{increase}} 0.24%
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI1999" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report : 1999 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=92 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718183222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[14th Lok Sabha]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|43|69|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 10
|22,070,614
|5.66 %
|{{increase}} 0.26%
|{{steady}} 3rd
|{{Yes2|Outside Support}}
|<ref name="ECI2004" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf |title=LS Statistical Report: 2004 Vol. 1 |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=101}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[15th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=2| [[Prakash Karat]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|16|82|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 27
|22,219,111
|5.33 %
|{{decrease}} 0.33%
|{{decrease}} 8th
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI2009" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf |title=LS 2009: Performance of National Parties |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[16th Lok Sabha]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|9|93|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 7
|17,986,773
|3.24 %
|{{decrease}} 2.09%
|{{decrease}} 9th
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI2014" group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/4%20-%20List%20of%20Successful%20Candidates.pdf |title=LS 2014: List of successful candidates |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=18 October 2014 |page=93}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha]]
|rowspan=2|[[Sitaram Yechury]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|3|69|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|10,744,908
|1.75 %
|{{decrease}} 1.49%
|{{decrease}} 16th
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref name="ECI2019" group="e">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10987-4-list-of-successful-candidate |title=LS 2019: List of successful candidates |work=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=11 October 2019 |access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[18th Lok Sabha]]
|543
|{{Composition bar|4|52|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|11,342,553
|1.76%
|{{increase}} 0.01%
|{{increase}} 14th
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/index.htm|title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024|access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref>
|}

{{Vertical bar chart|1967|19|1971|25|1977|22|1980|37|1984|22|1989|33|1991|35|1996|32|1998|32|1999|33|2004|43|2009|16|2014|9|2019|3|2024|4|color=red|full_name=All time-CPI(M) Lok Sabha seat count|type=demographic|note=}}
=== 1967 general election ===
In the 1967 [[Lok Sabha]] elections, the CPI(M) nominated 59 candidates. In total 19 of them were elected. The party received 6.2 million votes (4.28% of the nationwide vote). By comparison, CPI won 23 seats and got 5.11% of the nationwide vote. In the state legislative elections held simultaneously, the CPI(M) emerged as a major party in Kerala and West Bengal. In Kerala, a United Front government led by E.M.S. Namboodiripad was formed.{{efn|In Kerala the United Front consisted, at the time of the election, of Communist Party of India (Marxist), the Communist Party of India, the [[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League]], the [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]], the [[Karshaka Thozhilali Party]] and the [[Kerala Socialist Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/knowkerala/political.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060805205314/http://www.kerala.gov.in/knowkerala/political.htm |archive-date=5 August 2006}}</ref>}} In West Bengal, the CPI(M) was the main force behind the [[United Front (1967)|United Front]] government formed. The Chief Ministership was given to [[Ajoy Mukherjee]] of the [[Bangla Congress]] (a regional splinter group of the Indian National Congress).

=== 1971 general election ===
With the backdrop of the Bangladesh War and the emerging role of [[Indira Gandhi]] as a populist national leader, the 1971 election to the Lok Sabha was held. The CPI(M) contested 85 seats and won in 25. In total the party mustered 7510089 votes (5.12% of the national vote). 20 of the seats came from West Bengal (including [[Somnath Chatterjee]], elected from Burdwan), two from Kerala (including A.K. Gopalan, elected from Palakkad), two from Tripura (Biren Dutta and [[Dasarath Deb]]) and one from Andhra Pradesh.<ref group="e">{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616182735/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |url-status=dead |title=ECI: Statistical Report on the 1971 Lok Sabha Election |archive-date=16 June 2007}}</ref>

In the same year, state legislative elections were held in three states; West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and [[Odisha]]. In West Bengal CPI(M), had 241 candidates, winning 113 seats. In total the party mustered 4241557 votes (32.86% of the statewide vote). In Tamil Nadu CPI(M), contested 37 seats but won none of them, obtaining 259298 votes (1.65% of the statewide vote). In Odisha, the party contested 11 seats and won in two. The CPI(M) vote in the state was 52785 (1.2% of the statewide vote).<ref group="e">[http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_OR_71.pdf ECI: Statistical Report on the 1971 Orissa Legislative Election] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616182919/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_OR_71.pdf |date=16 June 2007}}, [http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf ECI: Statistical Report on the 1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Election] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616183041/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf |date=16 June 2007}}, [http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf ECI: Statistical Report on the 1971 West Bengal Legislative Election] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616182944/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |date=16 June 2007}}</ref>

[[File:The Kerala State Committee Office, Thiruvananthapuram 09 16 26 527000.jpeg|thumb|Election symbol of CPIM]]

=== 1977 general election ===
In the 1977 Lok Sabha election, the CPI(M) fielded its candidates on 53 seats scattered around in 14 states and union territories of India. It won 4.29% of the average votes polled in this election. The party had won 17 seats from West Bengal, three from Maharashtra, and one each from Odisha and Punjab. This election was done shortly after the Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi and reflected a wide uproar of masses against her draconian rule. A coalition of Opposition parties was formed against the Congress regime; CPI(M) too supported this coalition by not fielding its candidates against the Janta Party.<ref group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |title=1977 general elections ECI Report |access-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>

=== 1980 general elections ===
The Janta Party coalition did not last long, and two years after its formation India faced the 1980 Lok Sabha election. This election saw an increase in the vote percentage of CPI(M) and the party secured more seats than the previous elections. The Party had contested elections in the 15 states and union territories of India and fielded its candidates on 64 seats. The party had won 37 seats in total. It won 28 seats in West Bengal, seven in Kerala, and two seats in Tripura. The party emerged out as the whole sole representative of the people of Tripura in this election.<ref group="e">{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |title=1980 General Elections ECI Report |access-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175926/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
=== Previous Lok Sabha elections (1984, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2009) ===
=== 2014 Lok Sabha election ===
{{further|List of Communist Party of India (Marxist) candidates in the 2014 Indian general election}}
Nine CPI(M) candidates were elected in the [[2014 Indian general election]], as well as two CPI(M)-supported independents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-lefts-performance-in-lok-sabha-polls-sees-drastic-decline/articleshow/35264970.cms?from=mdr|title=Election Results 2014: Left's performance in Lok Sabha polls sees drastic decline|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=17 May 2014 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> This is further down from the previous number of 16. The national vote share of CPI(M) has also shrunk from 5.33% in 2009 to mere 3.28% in 2014. This is a significant 38.5% reduction within a span of five years which is consistent with the overall decline of the left in India.<ref>{{cite report |title=Archive of GE 2009 – Performance of National Parties |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf |volume=1 |year=2009 |work=Election Commission of India |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209173959/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/12_PerformanceOfNationalParties.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Archive of GE 2014 – Performance of National Parties |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/20%20-%20Performance%20of%20National%20Parties.pdf |year=2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215073314/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/20%20-%20Performance%20of%20National%20Parties.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/elections/left-out-rapid-decline-india-communist-parties|title=Left Out: The Rapid Decline of India's Communist Parties Continues|date=24 May 2019 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> CPI(M) did not win a single seat in Tamil Nadu and its seats went down from 9 to 2 in West Bengal where it is being heavily eroded by [[Mamata Banerjee]] governed [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]. Kerala is the only state where CPI(M) gained one more seat but this is mainly attributed to the splitting of anti-LDF votes between the UDF and emerging NDA. The NDA saw a sharp spike in vote share in decades which came coupled with a sharp decline in UDF votes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/minorityview/sharp-fall-in-the-udf-vote-share-marks-a-turning-point-in-kerala-politics/|title=Sharp fall in the UDF vote share marks a turning point in Kerala politics|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=23 March 2024 |last1=Raghavan |first1=Pyaralal }}</ref> Thus, it is assumed that the NDA cut into UDF votes thereby facilitating victory for LDF. This was again mirrored during the 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, which saw the NDA getting entry into the State Assembly for the first time as BJP veteran [[O. Rajagopal]] wins the Nemom seat and CPI(M)'s [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] forming the LDF-ruled government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cpim-led-ldf-regains-power-in-kerala-bjp-opens-account/articleshow/52345612.cms?from=mdr|title=CPI(M)-led LDF regains power in Kerala, BJP opens account|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

=== 2019 general election ===
[[File:Indian Marxist graffiti 2004.jpg|thumb|Mural for CPI(M) candidate [[Sujan Chakraborty]] in [[Jadavpur]]]]
The CPI(M) contested on 69 seats nationwide and won three in the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]]. One seat was won in Kerala, where the CPI(M) is leading the state government. Two other seats were won in Tamil Nadu, where the CPI(M) contested within the DMK-led coalition.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/west-bengal/all-but-one-left-front-candidates-lose-security-deposit-in-west-bengal/articleshow/69481742.cms?from=mdr |title=All but one Left Front candidates lose security deposit in West Bengal |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
=== 2024 general election===
The CPI(M) contested on 52 seats nationwide and won four in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election]]. One seat was won in Kerala, One seat in Rajasthan and two more in Tamil Nadu under the-DMK led coalition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/partywisewinresultState-547.htm|title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 Winning Candidate ( Communist Party of India (Marxist) )|access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/poll-results-2024-tribal-party-bap-cpi-m-win-one-seat-each-in-rajasthan-124060401363_1.html|title=Poll results 2024: Tribal party BAP, CPI(M) win one seat each in Rajasthan|access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref>

==Presence in states and politics==

{{as of|2025}}, the CPI(M) heads the state government in [[Kerala]]. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] is Chief Minister of Kerala. In [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]] it has 2 MLAs and in the Government with [[Secular Progressive Alliance|SPA]] coalition led by [[M. K. Stalin]]. The Left Front under CPI(M) governed [[West Bengal]] for an uninterrupted 34 years (1977–2011) and [[Tripura]] for 30 years, including 25 uninterrupted years between 1993 and 2018. The 34 years of [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] rule in West Bengal is the longest-serving democratically elected communist-led government in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-12-fg-communists12-story.html|title=Communists Lead Kolkata's Capitalist Makeover|date=May 12, 2006|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> CPI(M) currently has three MPs in Lok Sabha. CPI(M)'s highest tally was in 2004 when it got 5.66% of votes polled in and it had 43 MPs. It won 42.31% on an average in the 69 seats it contested. It supported the new Indian National Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] government, but without becoming a part of it. On 9 July 2008, it formally withdrew support from the UPA government explaining this by differences about the Indo-US nuclear deal and the IAEA Safeguards Agreement in particular.<ref>{{cite news |title=Left meets President, hands over letter of withdrawal |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807091250.htm |work=The Hindu |date=9 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080713070349/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807091250.htm |archive-date=13 July 2008 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

===Current government in State legislative assemblies===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; rowspan="2" |Sr No.
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; rowspan="2" |State
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; rowspan="2" |Govt Since
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; colspan="4" |Chief Minister
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; rowspan="2" |Alliance Name
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; colspan="2" ; rowspan="2" |Parties in Alliance
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; rowspan="2" |Seats in Assembly
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ;|Name
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ; colspan="2"|Party
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" ;|Party seats
|-
!Colspan="11"|CPI(M)-led Government
|-
| rowspan="10"|1
| rowspan="10"|[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| rowspan="10"|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|26 May 2016]]
| rowspan="10"|[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| rowspan="10" style="background:{{Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};|
| rowspan="10"|CPI(M)
| rowspan="10"|62
| rowspan="10" |[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (17)
| rowspan="10"|{{Composition bar|99|140|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}" |
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|KC(M)]] (5)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] (2)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]] (2)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Kerala Congress (B)}}" |
|[[Kerala Congress (B)|KC(B)]] (1)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National League}}" |
|[[Indian National League|INL]] (1)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Loktantrik Janata Dal}}" |
|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal|LJD]] (1)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color: {{party color|Congress (Secular)}}" |
|[[Congress (Secular)|C(S)]] (1)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color:#FF3D00" |
|[[Janadhipathya Kerala Congress|JKC]] (1)
|-
| width="3px" style="background-color:#FF3D00" |
|[[Independent Politician|IND]] (6)
|-
!Colspan="11"|Alliance Government
|-
|rowspan="4"|2
|rowspan="4"|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]]
|rowspan="4"|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|7 May 2021]]
|rowspan="4"| [[M. K. Stalin]]
|rowspan="4"style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};|
|rowspan="4"|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|rowspan="4"| 133
|rowspan="4" |[[Secular Progressive Alliance]]
| {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| INC(18)
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|159|234|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
| [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] (4)
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] (2)
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| CPI(M) (2)
|-
|rowspan="4"|3
|rowspan="4"|[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|rowspan="4"|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1 October 2024]]
|rowspan="4"| [[Omar Abdullah]]
|rowspan="4"style="background:{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}};|
|rowspan="4"|[[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
|rowspan="4"| 42
|rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| INC(6)
|rowspan=4|{{Composition bar|49|95|{{party color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| CPI(M) (1)
|-
|}

===Current seats in State legislative assemblies===
{| class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="8" Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; color:white" |Seats won by CPI(M) in [[State legislative assemblies of India|state legislative assemblies]]
|-
! State legislative assembly
! Last election
! Contested seats
! Seats won
! colspan="2" | Alliance
! Result
! {{Ref.}}
|-
| [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 2
| {{Composition bar|1|126|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background:{{party color|Asom Sonmilito Morcha}};"|
| [[Asom Sonmilito Morcha]]
| {{no2|Opposition}}
| <ref group="e">{{cite web |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |website=Election Commission of India |date=6 July 2021 |access-date=13 November 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| 4
| {{Composition bar|1|243|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background:green;"|
| [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]]
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=Vignesh|last2=Sen|first2=Sumant|last3=Singaravelu|first3=Naresh|date=2020-11-17|title=Data {{!}} Bihar Assembly election 2020 was the closest in State's history|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/data/data-bihar-assembly-election-2020-was-the-closest-in-states-history/article33095576.ece|access-date=2020-11-19|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 77
| {{Composition bar|62|140|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background-color: {{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};" |
| [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]
| {{yes2| Government}}
|<ref group="e">{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016/|title=Kerala General Legislative Election 2016|website=eci.gov.in|date=20 August 2018|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506000521/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 1
| {{Composition bar|1|90|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}};" |
| [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| {{yes2| Coalition}}
|
|-
| [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 3
| {{Composition bar|1|288|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background:blue;"|
| [[Maha Vikas Aghadi]]
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha – Trends & Result – Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 7
| {{Composition bar|1|147|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| colspan="2" {{n/a}}
| {{no2|Others}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Odisha Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=3 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503185637/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 6
| {{Composition bar|2|234|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"|
| [[Secular Progressive Alliance]]
| {{yes2| Government}}
|<ref group="e">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/download/httpseci.gov.infilesfile13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/10-%20Detailed%20Results.pdf |title=Detailed Result, Tamil Nadu Assembly Election 2021 |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| 43
| {{Composition bar|10|60|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| style="background:#f00;"|
| [[Secular Democratic Front]]
| {{no2|Opposition}}
|<ref group="e">{{Cite web |title=2023 Tripura assembly elections - Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
|}

===Presence in Legislatures, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and local bodies by states or union territories===
====Andhra Pradesh====
{{See also|List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh#CPI/CPM Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh state}}
[[File:Chennamaneni Rajeshwara Rao Young leader.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[Chennamaneni Rajeshwara Rao]] in an election rally in 1957.]]
After formation of CPIM, CPIM came victorious in nine seats in [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]], one seat in [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]], eight seats in [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]], five seats in [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]], 11 seats in [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]], in six seats in [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]], 15 seats in [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]], two seats in [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]], nine seats in [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] and one seat in [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]].
In [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]], CPIM won in one seat, which subsequently went to [[Telangana]] state. However, in 2019 CPIM won no seats. CPIM came victorious for many times in local body elections.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/cpim-takes-novel-route-to-highlight-condition-of-roads/article36767766.ece/|title = CPI(M) takes novel route to highlight condition of roads|newspaper = The Hindu|date = October 2021|last1 = Gilai|first1 = Harish}}</ref> During the 1988 Lok Sabha election, [[Tammineni Veerabhadram]], one of prominent politicians of CPIM, gathered 352,083 votes (39.01%), finishing in second place, becoming the most voted CPI(M) candidate up to then outside of the left strongholds like West Bengal and Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1998 to the 12th Lok Sabha |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014259/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-03 |access-date=2023-09-10 |website=eci.nic.in}}</ref>

CPIM had MPs in Andhra Pradesh rajyasabha multiple times including [[Moturu Hanumantha Rao|M. Hanumantha Rao]] from 1988 to 1994, [[Yalamanchili Radhakrishna Murthy]] from 1996 to 2002 and [[Penumalli Madhu]] from 2004 to 2010.

====Assam====
CPIM has a moderate presence in [[Assam]] and had run Government in the state once.
CPIM first time entered [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] in [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]] by winning 11 seats followed by two seats in [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]], two seats in [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]] and two seats in 1991. In the 1996 elections, CPIM won two seats with 1,76,721 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/party/detail/1/www.indiavotes.com/ac/party/detail/1/129|title=IndiaVotes AC: Party-wise performance for 1996|website=IndiaVotes}}</ref> and along with [[Asom Gana Parishad]] they were in coalition government headed by [[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]] for 1996–2001.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/assam-assembly/assam-assembly-election-cpim-rides-mahajot-for-comeback-in-state-after-15-years/article34470003.ece/|title = Assam Assembly election | CPI(M) rides 'Mahajot' for comeback in State after 15 years|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 3 May 2021}}</ref> But in 2001 elections, it drew blanks. In [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]], the CPI (M) had won two seats. Ananta Deka, Uddhav Barman represented CPIM from Rangia and Sorbhog seats. In [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]] and in [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]], CPIM drew blanks.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> In [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]], CPIM made a comeback with [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election#Mahajot|Mahajot]] winning one seat from [[Sorbhog Assembly constituency|Sorbhog]] by a margin of around 10,000 votes.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Sorbhog is considered as a left bastion in the state.

In lok sabha from Assam, CPIM first won in 1974 when [[Nurul Huda (CPI(M) politician)|Nurul Huda]] was elected in a by-election in Cachar lok sabha constituency in early 1974 by-elections. He defeated the Indian National Congress candidate and former Minister Mahitosh Purkayastha by a margin of 19,944 votes.<ref name="Lal1978">{{cite book|author=Shiv Lal|title=Elections Under the Janata Rule|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MslAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Election Archives|page=29}}</ref> CPIM had also won one seat in 1980, one seat in 1991 and one seat in 1996.

====Bihar====
CPIM [[Bihar]] has its large roots in the peasant movements by undivided CPI in the state. Communists were actively involved in various movements from the 1920s. [[All India Kisan Sabha]] (AIKS) was founded in 1936, which predominantly became active in Bihar. By 1942, AIKS and communists dominated the peasant movement in the country. The members of AIKS or [[All India Kisan Sabha|Kisan Sabha]] were mostly communists. This created a political and social base for communists in Bihar. [[Sahajanand Saraswati]], [[Karyanand Sharma]], [[Bhogendra Jha]] were most notable leaders of the movement.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142005|jstor = 44142005|title = Peasant Movements and Emergence of Left Politics in Bihar (1920—1945)|last1 = Pandey|first1 = S. N.|journal = Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|year = 1979|volume = 40|pages = 642–652}}</ref> Afterwards Bakasht movement (1946–1952), Madhubani movement, Darbhanga movement mobilised Left politics in the state. Though after 1967, neither CPIM nor CPI(ML), which was formed in 1969, grew as an alternative to CPI until the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145534|jstor = 44145534|title = Peasant Movement and Communist Mobilization in Bihar: A Case Study of Darbhanga (1950–70)|last1 = Chaudhry|first1 = Vandhana|last2 = Chaudhry|first2 = Vandana|journal = Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|year = 2003|volume = 64|pages = 1074–1082}}</ref>

CPIM won four seats in [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]], three seats in [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]], 18 seats in [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]], four seats in [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]], seats in [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]], one seat in [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]], six seats in [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]], two seats in [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]], two seats in [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]], one seat in [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|February 2005]], and a seat in [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|October 2005]]. The party drew blanks in [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]] and [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]; howeverm it did come back in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]] elections by winning two seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/left-scores-in-16-out-of-29-seats-in-bihar-cpi-ml-wins-12-of-19/articleshow/79161263.cms |title=Bihar Vidhan Sabha result: Left scores in 16 out of 29 seats in Bihar, CPI-ML wins 12 of 19 | – Times of India |publisher=M.timesofindia.com |date=2020-11-11 |access-date=2022-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/grassroot-presence-and-a-natural-alliance-why-the-embattled-left-did-well-in-bihar/543537/?amp|title=Grassroot presence and a 'natural' alliance — why the embattled Left did well in Bihar|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=14 November 2020}}</ref> CPIM fought election in alliance with [[Rastriya Janata Dal]] and fared well. It is also speculated that if more seats were given to the left parties, the election could be won with majority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/grassroot-presence-and-a-natural-alliance-why-the-embattled-left-did-well-in-bihar/543537/|title = Grassroot presence and a 'natural' alliance — why the embattled Left did well in Bihar| website=[[ThePrint]] |date = 14 November 2020}}</ref>

CPIM had representatives in Lok Sabha from Bihar only for three times: [[1999 Indian general election|1999]], [[1991 Indian general election|1991]] and [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]; each year, it won only one Lok Sabha seat. CPIM also has good presence in the panchayats.

CPIM supported [[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] and [[Indian National Congress|INC]] to form coalition government in Bihar in August, 2022. However, it did not take part in the government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bihar-2-left-parties-not-to-join-government-cpi-still-uncertain/articleshow/93549202.cms|title=Bihar:2 Left-parties to not join coalition, CPI uncertain |website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>

====Chhattisgarh====
CPIM registered its first victory in polls in the [[Chhattisgarh]] state in the 2019 municipal corporation elections, in which it bagged two wards. Surthi Kuldeep won Bairotil ward and Rajkumari won in Monkre ward.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/english/news/national/cpi-m-opens-account-in-chhattisgarh-municipal-elections/1370|title=CPI(M) Opens Account in Chhattisgarh : Municipal Corporation Elections|website=Deshabhimani}}</ref>

====Gujarat====
CPIM has a limited presence in [[Gujarat]]. The party never won any Vidhan Sabha or Lok Sabha seat from Gujarat, though a bit number of panchayat seats are often won. But in 2020, CPIM's student wing SFI historically won the elections of [[Central University of Gujarat]], which is considered as a right-wing bastion in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Jan/26/left-dalit-unity-wins-gujarat-central-university-student-polls-as-abvp-loses-all-seats-2094773.html|title=Left-Dalit unity wins Gujarat Central University student polls as ABVP loses all seats|work=The New Indian Express|date=8 January 2020 }}</ref>

====Himachal Pradesh====
CPIM has the presence in [[Himachal Pradesh]] in areas like [[Summer Hill, Shimla|Summer Hill]],<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-2017/cpi-m-wins-theog-assembly-seat-in-himachal-after-24-years/article21832992.ece/|title = CPI (M) wins Theog assembly seat in Himachal after 24 years|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 18 December 2017|last1 = Nair|first1 = Sobhana K.}}</ref> [[Shimla|Shimla city]], [[Theog]] etc. CPIM's student wing [[Students' Federation of India|SFI]] has considerably presence in the [[Himachal Pradesh University]].<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cpim-to-fight-on-30-assembly-seats-in-himachal-pradesh-says-party-leader-4891364/ |title=CPI(M) to fight on 30 Assembly seats in Himachal Pradesh, says party leader |publisher=Indianexpress.com |date= 15 October 2017|accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref> CPIM had representatives in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in 1967 and 1993. In 1993, [[Rakesh Singha]] won from Shimla seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Gaheyx0VLYCSU3gR9JErVI/CPM-scores-first-win-in-Himachal-Pradesh-in-24-years.html?facet=amp |title=CPM scores first win in Himachal Pradesh in 24 years |publisher=Livemint.com |date=2017-12-19 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref> However, CPIM managed to win many seats in the municipal and panchayat elections.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/>

In 2012, Shimla Municipal Corporation election, CPI(M) won the posts of Mayor and Deputy Mayor in [[Shimla Municipal Corporation]] with a huge majority with a total of 3 seats.<ref>{{cite news |title= Shimla municipal poll: CPI(M) scripts history |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/shimla-municipal-poll-cpim-scripts-history/article3465571.ece |website= The Hindu |date= 28 May 2012 |language=en }}</ref>

In 2016, CPIM won 42 seats out of 331 seats contested and received only two district panchayats. In the [[2017 Shimla Municipal Corporation election]], CPI(M) managed to win only one seat despite being a kingmaker in previous elections.

In [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]], CPIM made a comeback in [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] after 24 years by winning [[Theog Assembly constituency|Theog]] assembly seat. Rakesh Singha, a former CPIM Central Committee member won the seat by a margin of 1,983 seats.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> CPIM contested for 14 seats in the election. After the election, the presence in state started to increase.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-2017/cpim-offers-pro-people-alternative/article19970802.ece|title=CPI(M) offers pro-people alternative in HP|website=The Hindu|date=2 November 2017}}</ref>

In 2021, panchayat elections, CPIM increased its tally by jumping to 337 seats. 12 zila parishad (ZP) members, 25 panchayat samiti members, 28 panchayat pradhans, 30 vice-pradhans and 242 ward members got elected from CPIM. Also, CPIM candidates got elected for president in 25 panchayats and vice-president in 30 panchayats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2021/0131_pd/hp-local-body-elections-2021-cpim-wins-more-seats-last-time|title = HP: Local Body Elections 2021, CPI(M) Wins More Seats than Last Time | Peoples Democracy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news8plus.com/42-seats-in-2016-and-337-seats-in-2021-cpi-m-wins-in-himachal-pradesh/|title=42 seats in 2016 and 337 seats in 2021: CPI (M) wins in Himachal Pradesh – News8Plus-Realtime Updates on Breaking News & Headlines|date=February 2021}}</ref>

====Karnataka====
CPIM has not won any seat in [[Karnataka]] since 2004. In [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]], CPIM won 1 seat; in [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]], it won 1 seat; in [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]], it won two seats and in [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]], it won two seats in the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]].

====Kerala====
{{Further|Communism in Kerala}}
{{See also|Left Democratic Front|Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala}}
[[Kerala]] has a strong presence of CPIM and left parties in its politics and society.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/the-place-where-communists-can-still-dream/2017/10/26/55747cbe-9c98-11e7-b2a7-bc70b6f98089_story.html |title=One of the few places where a communist can still dream |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2017-10-27 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref> CPIM had the most of its electoral success from Kerala after 2011. After [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]], it historically formed Government twice breaking the 40 year old political practice of the state. CPIM currently has 62 seats in the assembly.

[[File:Child holding Communist Party of ndia (Marxist) Flag.jpg|thumb|A Child from Kerala holding Communist Party of India (Marxist) Flag]]

In Kerala, the CPIM has pursued a policy of massive investment in poverty alleviation, including the distribution of procurement cards that provide almost free access to basic foodstuffs and the introduction of a minimum wage twice the national average, as well as in education and health. According to geographer Srikumar Chattopadhyay, "The communists also strongly developed the [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]] system, the village councils that allow everyone to participate in the development of the state."<ref>{{Cite web |author=Pierre Daum |date=March 2022 |title=Kerala: a state of hope for India's Muslims |url=https://www.justicenews.co.in/kerala-a-state-of-hope-for-indias-muslims/ |access-date= |website=justicenews |language=en-US}}</ref>

====Madhya Pradesh====
CPIM has entered in [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] twice. In [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] and [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] CPIM won [[Sirmour Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1993|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1993-election-results.html|website=elections.in|accessdate=25 May 2018}}</ref>

====Maharashtra====
Currently the party has one representative in [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]. CPI(M) candidate Comrade Vinod Nikole, an Adivasi leader and CPI(M) Maharashtra State Committee member won the [[Dahanu Assembly constituency|Dahanu]] by a margin of 4,742 votes. As of 2020, he is also the State Secretary and Thane-Palghar District Secretary of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU). Notably, the seat was won by CPIM simultaneously from 1978 with just a single exception of 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/cpim-holds-ground-in-1-seat-tall-leader-sees-defeat-771002.html|title = CPI(M) holds ground in 1 seat; tall leader sees defeat|date = 25 October 2019}}</ref>

====Manipur====
CPIM never won a single seat in Manipur since the party participated in [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|1995 Legislative Assembly election]] for the first time in the state. Currently, CPIM is a part of [[Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance]], an alliance led by Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Six-party alliance, including Congress, CPI, Forward Bloc, named Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/manipur/six-party-alliance-including-congress-cpi-forward-bloc-named-manipur-progressive-secular-alliance/articleshow/89370846.cms|access-date=2022-02-13}}</ref>

====Odisha====
Presently, CPIM has only one representative in [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bonai Assembly constituency|Bonai]].<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>

====Punjab====

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Punjab has an eventful history, connected with the state's socio-political landscape and its struggle for workers' rights, agrarian reforms, and social justice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/once-thriving-left-struggling-for-survival/articleshow/89028059.cms|title=Once thriving, Left struggling for survival in Punjab assembly|newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 January 2022 |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref> The roots of the CPI(M) in Punjab can be traced back to the early 20th century with the emergence of various revolutionary movements. Two significant organizations that played a crucial role in shaping the communist movement in Punjab were the Gaddar Party, formed in 1913, and the Lal Communist Party, established in 1928. While the Gaddar Party aimed at seeking India's independence from British colonial rule through armed resistance, the Lal Communist Party focused on empowering peasants and labourers through revolutionary means.

After India gained independence in 1947, the Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed through the amalgamation of various leftist groups, including the Lal Communist Party. However, ideological differences within the CPI led to a split, resulting in the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI(M) in 1964. The CPI(M) in Punjab has consistently advocated for land reforms, workers' rights, and social equality. It has garnered support among the rural and urban poor, particularly in areas with a strong agrarian base. The party actively participated in various social and political movements, aiming to uplift the marginalized sections of society and improve their living conditions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/punjab-communism-bhagat-singh|title=Che, Lenin, Bhagat Singh: How One Man Is Taking Punjab Down Revolutionary Road|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

During the 1980s, Punjab faced a crisis with the rise of the Khalistan movement, seeking a separate Sikh state. The Khalistan movement posed a significant challenge to not only the Indian state but also to Punjab. During this period, the CPI(M) opposed the Khalistan movement and stood for a united India. In the late 1990s, the CPI(M) faced internal divisions, leading to a significant split. One prominent faction led by Mangat Ram Pasla formed a new party called the Communist Party of Marxist (CPM) in Punjab, pursuing its own ideological path. This internal rift had an impact on the party's organizational structure and electoral presence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/left-out-300380|title=Left out|access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

Over the years, the CPI(M) experienced a waning presence on the electoral front in Punjab.<ref>{{cite web |title=Once thriving, Left struggling for survival in Punjab assembly polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/once-thriving-left-struggling-for-survival/articleshow/89028059.cms |website=The Times of India |date=21 January 2022}}</ref> The changing political dynamics, rise of regional parties, and the diminishing appeal of communist ideology in a globalized world contributed to its reduced influence in electoral politics. Despite the challenges, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Punjab continues to be active in advocating for workers' and peasants' rights and participating in social and political movements. Its history reflects the complexities of Punjab's political landscape and its contribution to the larger communist movement in India.

====Rajasthan====
In the 2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, CPIM secured three seats from Anupgarh, Dhod and Danta Ramgarh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/cpm-betters-performance-wins-three-seats/articleshow/3815463.cms|title=CPM betters performance, wins three seats|newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 December 2008 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> Along with six other parties, CPIM formed [[Loktantrik Morcha (Rajasthan)|Loktantrik Morcha]] in 2013. However, CPIM could not win any seats in the [[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013 Legislative Assembly election]]. The party made a comeback in the state by winning two seats out 28 seats they contested in the 2018 Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/rajasthan-elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2018-cpi-m-set-to-win-two-seats-in-rajasthan/story-henSX1BX5k3cixpTA5HQHL.html|title=Rajasthan assembly election results 2018: CPI(M) set to win two seats in Rajasthan|work=Hindustan Times |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

====Tamil Nadu====
[[File:Keezhvenmani martyrs memorial building opening (14).JPG|thumb|250px|right|Members of CPI(M) Tamil Nadu during an inauguration ceremony of a building]]
CPIM, as a part of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] front in [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], won 15 seats.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Election Commission of India
| title = 1989 Election Statistical Report
| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf
| access-date = 19 April 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf
| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref> In [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]], CPIM was the part of the alliance led by DMK. The party contested in 13 seats and won 9 seats. In the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|next election]], CPIM joined [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] coalition and won 10 seats out of the 12 seats they contested. But the party was unable to secure any seat in [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]].<ref>{{cite web|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly Trends & Results 2016|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS22.htm?st=S22|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124073713/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS22.htm?st=S22|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[2019 Indian general election]], CPIM won two seats from [[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency|Coimbatore]] and [[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency|Madurai]] in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coimbatore-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-p-r-natarajan-of-cpi-m-wins-the-ls-seat/articleshow/69478728.cms|title=Coimbatore Election Result 2019: P R Natarajan of CPI (M) wins the LS seat|newspaper=The Times of India |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref> In [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], CPIM made a comeback by winning two seats. In 2022, CPI(M) won many seats in the municipal corporation elections. T. Nagarajan of CPI(M) got the post of Deputy Mayor in [[Madurai Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/madurai/article65186849.ece|title=T. Nagarajan is CPI (M) candidate for Madurai Deputy Mayor|newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>

====Telangana====
In 2014, CPIM won in one seat in [[Andhra Pradesh]], which subsequently went to [[Telangana|Telangana state]]. However, in 2018 election CPIM won no seats. In 2022 [[Munugode Assembly constituency|Munugode]] by-election, CPIM supported the candidate fielded by [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]. In [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|2023]], CPIM allianced with [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] to contest election, but didn't.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-14 |title=Left, TRS will contest next polls together: Telangana CPM secretary Tammineni |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/nov/14/left-trs-will-contest-next-polls-together-tammineni-2518017.html |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

====Tripura====
{{See also|Left Front (Tripura)}}

====West Bengal====
{{See also|Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal}}

==State legislative assembly election results ==
===Andhra Pradesh===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|43,012
|0.13%
|175
|{{Composition bar|0|8|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|—
|{{Decrease}}0.19%
|—
|-
|[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] 
|1,01,071
|0.32%
|175
|{{Composition bar|0|7|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}}1
|{{steady}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] 
|4,07,376
|0.84%
|175
|{{Composition bar|1|68|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{decrease}}0.59
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] 
|6,03,407
|1.43%
|294
|{{Composition bar|1|18|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 8
|{{decrease}} 0.49
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] 
|6,56,721
|1.84%
|294
|{{Composition bar|9|14|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 7
|{{increase}} 0.14
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] 
|5,67,761
|1.70%
|294
|{{Composition bar|2|48|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 14
|{{decrease}} 1.26
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]] 
|9,23,204
|2.96%
|294
|{{Composition bar|15|16|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 9
|{{increase}} 0.50
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] 
|7,07,686
|2.96%
|294
|{{Composition bar|6|15|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 5
|{{increase}} 0.15
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] 
|5,30,349
|2.69%
|294
|{{Composition bar|11|11|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 6
|{{increase}} 0.20
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Assam===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]] 
|160,758
|0.84%
|126
|{{Composition bar|1|2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{increase}} 0.29
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]] 
|93,506
|0.55%
|126
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Bihar===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
|302,974
|0.61%
|243
|{{Composition bar|1|4|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{Decrease}} 1
|{{decrease}}0.04%
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]] 
|274,155
|0.65%
|243
|{{Composition bar|2|4|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{increase}}0.04%
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]] 
|232,149
|0.61%
|243
|{{Composition bar|0|43|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{decrease}} 0.21
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}

===Gujarat===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]] 
|10,647
|0.03%
|182
|{{Composition bar|0|9|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{decrease}} 0.01%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Haryana===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
|-
![[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
!34,373
!0.25%
!90
!{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
!—
!{{Increase}}0.18%
!—
|-
|}
===Himachal Pradesh===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]] 
|27,812
|0.66%
|68
|{{Composition bar|0|11|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{decrease}} 0.81%
|{{steady}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]] 
|55,558
|1.5%
|68
|{{Composition bar|1|14|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{decrease}} 0.1%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Jammu and Kashmir===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|33,634
|0.6%
|90
|{{Composition bar|1|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
!-
|{{increase}}0.1%
|{{Yes2|Coalition}}
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|24,017
|0.5%
|87
|{{Composition bar|1|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|—
|{{Decrease}}0.3%
|{{No2|Opposition}}
|-
|}

===Kerala===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]] 
|5,288,502
|25.38%
|140
|{{Composition bar|62|77|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 4
|{{decrease}} 1.14%
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]] 
|5,365,472
|26.7%
|140
|{{Composition bar|59|84|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 14
|{{decrease}} 1.48
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]] 
|4,921,354
|28.18%
|140
|{{Composition bar|45|84|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 16
|{{decrease}} 2.27
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]] 
|4,732,381
|30.45%
|140
|{{Composition bar|61|84|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 37
|{{increase}} 6.60
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]] 
|3,752,976
|23.85%
|140
|{{Composition bar|24|74|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 16
|{{increase}} 2.26
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]] 
|3,078,723
|21.59%
|140
|{{Composition bar|40|62|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 12
|{{increase}} 0.15
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]] 
|3,082,354
|21.74%
|140
|{{Composition bar|28|64|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 10
|{{decrease}} 2.12
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]] 
|2,912,999
|22.86%
|140
|{{Composition bar|38|70|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 12
|{{increase}} 4.06
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]] 
|1,798,198
|18.80%
|140
|{{Composition bar|26|51|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 9
|{{decrease}} 0.55
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]] 
|1,846,312
|19.35%
|140
|{{Composition bar|35|50|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 18
|{{decrease}} 2.83
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]] 
|1,946,051
|22.18%
|140
|{{Composition bar|17|68|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 12
|{{decrease}} 1.65
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]] 
|1,794,213
|23.83%
|140
|{{Composition bar|29|73|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 23
|{{increase}} 0.32
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]] 
|1,476,456
|23.51%
|140
|{{Composition bar|52|59|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 12
|{{increase}} 3.64
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1965]] 
|1,257,869
|19.87%
|140
|{{Composition bar|40|73|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
| New
| New
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Maharashtra===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] 
|222,277
|0.3%
|288
|{{Composition bar|1|3|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{steady}}
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] 
|204,933
|0.37%
|288
|{{Composition bar|1|8|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{decrease}} 0.02%
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] 
|207,933
|0.39%
|288
|{{Composition bar|1|20|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{decrease}} 0.21%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] 
|270,052
|0.60%
|288
|{{Composition bar|1|20|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}}2
|{{decrease}} 0.02%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}

===Odisha===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|93,295
|0.37%
|147
|{{Composition bar|1|7|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|—
|{{Increase}}0.07%
|—
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]] 
|70,119
|0.32%
|147
|{{Composition bar|1|8|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]] 
|80,274
|0.40%
|147
|{{Composition bar|1|8|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Punjab===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] 
|9,503
|0.06%
|117
|{{Composition bar|0|14|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Rajasthan===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]] 
|382,387
|0.96%
|200
|{{Composition bar|0|17|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{decrease}} 0.24
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]] 
|434,210
|1.2%
|200
|{{Composition bar|2|28|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{increase}} 0.33
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]] 
|629,002
|0.9%
|200
|{{Composition bar|0|38|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|{{decrease}} 0.7
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Tamil Nadu===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]] 
|3,90,819
|0.85%
|234
|{{Composition bar|2|6|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{increase}} 0.13
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] 
|3,07,303
|0.72%
|234
|{{Composition bar|0|25|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 10
|{{decrease}} 1.58
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]] 
|8,88,364
|2.40%
|234
|{{Composition bar|10|12|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{decrease}} 0.3
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]] 
|8,72,674
|2.70%
|234
|{{Composition bar|9|13|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 10
|{{increase}} 0.33
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|}
===Telangana===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]] 
|52,364
|0.22%
|119
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 2
|{{decrease}} 0.18%
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]] 
|91,099
|0.40%
|119
|{{Composition bar|2|28|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===Tripura===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]] 
|6,22,829
|24.62%
|60
|{{Composition bar|11|43|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 5
|{{decrease}} 17.6
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]] 
|9,93,605
|42.22%
|60
|{{Composition bar|16|57|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 33
|{{decrease}} 5.51
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]] 
|10,59,327
|48.11%
|60
|{{Composition bar|49|57|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 3
|{{increase}} 0.01
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]] 
|9,03,009
|48.01%
|60
|{{Composition bar|46|56|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 8
|{{increase}} 1.10
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]] 
|7,11,119
|46.82%
|60
|{{Composition bar|38|55|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{steady}}
|{{increase}} 1.30
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] 
|6,21,804
|45.49%
|60
|{{Composition bar|38|55|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 6
|{{increase}} 0.80
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]] 
|5,99,943
|44.78%
|60
|{{Composition bar|44|51|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 18
|{{decrease}} 0.40
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]] 
|5,20,697
|45.82%
|60
|{{Composition bar|26|55|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 11
|{{increase}} 0.10
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|}
===Uttar Pradesh===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]] 
|5617
|0.01%
|403
|{{Composition bar|0|1|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{decrease}} 0.03
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}
===West Bengal===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Election Year
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | % of overall votes
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Total seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | seats won/ seats contensted
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in seats
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | +/- in vote share
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};color:white" | Sitting side
|-
!colspan=8|[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]] 
|2,837,276
|4.73%
|294
|{{Composition bar|0|136|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 26
|{{decrease}} 15.02
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]] 
|10,802,058
|19.75%
|294
|{{Composition bar|26|148|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 14
|{{decrease}} 10.35
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]] 
|14,330,061
|30.08%
|294
|{{Composition bar|40|213|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 136
|{{decrease}} 7.05
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]] 
|14,652,200
|37.13%
|294
|{{Composition bar|176|212|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 33
|{{increase}} 0.54
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]] 
|13,402,603
|36.59%
|294
|{{Composition bar|143|211|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 14
|{{decrease}} 1.33
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]] 
|13,670,198
|37.16%
|294
|{{Composition bar|153|213|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 32
|{{increase}} 1.05
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]] 
|11,418,822
|36.87%
|294
|{{Composition bar|182|204|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|{{decrease}} 2.43
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]] 
|10,285,723
|39.12%
|294
|{{Composition bar|187|212|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 13
|{{increase}} 0.89
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]] 
|8,655,371
|38.49%
|294
|{{Composition bar|174|209|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 4
|{{increase}} 3.03
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]] 
|5,080,828
|35.46%
|294
|{{Composition bar|178|224|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}}}
|{{increase}} 164
|{{increase}} 8.01
|{{yes2|Government}}
|-
|}

== Indian Presidential elections==
=== 2002 presidential election ===
In the 2002 Presidential election, Left Front announced Captain [[Lakshmi Sehgal]] as its presidential candidate. Against her was the ruling [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s candidate [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]].<ref name="the_hindu">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2002/06/15/stories/2002061504230100.htm |title=Left parties to field Lakshmi Sahgal |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 June 2002 |access-date=29 June 2012 |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109014435/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2002/06/15/stories/2002061504230100.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> CPI(M)'s leadership announced that in form of Captain Lakshmi, they were fielding an 'Alternative Candidate'. They said that though it was clear that Captain Lakshmi could not become president because of the opposition of the BJP-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) and the [[Indian National Congress]] to her, yet through this Presidential Election, the Left wished to raise key national issues and make them heard by the masses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pd.cpim.org/2002/july07/07072002_lakshmi_q&a.htm |title=question & answer on the election |work=cpim.org |access-date=11 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406213248/http://pd.cpim.org/2002/july07/07072002_lakshmi_q%26a.htm |archive-date=6 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Captain Lakshmi herself pointed out that this Presidential election reflected the opposition of the Indian Left to the communal-sectarian politics of BJP, and the Left's solidarity with the religious minorities who had suffered greatly under the NDA's leadership.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pd.cpim.org/2002/june23/06232002_lakshmi_interview.htm |title=interview with lakshmi sahgal |work=cpim.org |access-date=14 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725201958/http://pd.cpim.org/2002/june23/06232002_lakshmi_interview.htm |archive-date=25 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 2012 Presidential election ===
While CPI(M) supported [[Pranab Mukherjee]] as presidential candidate in [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012 presidential election]], it was in favour of a non-Congress candidate for the post of the [[Vice-President of India|Vice-President]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cpim-favours-noncongress-candidate-for-vp-post-prakash-karat/973500/ |title=CPI(M) favours non-Congress candidate for VP post: Prakash Karat |date=12 July 2012 |access-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317222928/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cpim-favours-noncongress-candidate-for-vp-post-prakash-karat/973500/ |archive-date=17 March 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== List of chief ministers from CPI(M) ==
{{main|List of chief ministers from the Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
| style="background:#FFE6E6;"| {{dagger|alt=Current Chief Minister of the State}}
| Denotes the person is the incumbent chief minister
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
|-
!style="background:#FAA0A0"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Name
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Portrait
!colspan="2" style="background:#FAA0A0" | Term of office
!style="background:#FAA0A0"| Days in office
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#FAA0A0"| [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Kerala]]
|-
| 1
| [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|[[File:EMS Namboodiripad 2001 stamp of India (cropped) 1.jpg|100px|alt=A portrait of E.M.S. Namboodiripad]]
| 6 March 1967
| 1 November 1969
| 2 years 240 days
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2
| rowspan="3" | [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| rowspan="3" | [[File:E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|100px]]
| 25 January 1980
| 20 October 1981
| rowspan="3"|10 years 353 days
|-
|26 March 1987
|23 June 1991
|-
|20 May 1996
|16 May 2001
|-
| 3
| [[V. S. Achuthanandan]]
|[[File:Vs achutanandann.jpg|100px|A photograph of V.S. Achutanandan]]
| 18 May 2006
| 17 May 2011
| 4 years 364 days
|- scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#ffe6e6;"
| rowspan="2"|4
| rowspan="2"| [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| rowspan="2"| [[File:Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan 2023.tif|100px]]
| 25 May 2016
| 20 May 2021
|rowspan=2|{{age in years and days|2016|5|25}}
|- scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#ffe6e6;"
| 20 May 2021
| ''Incumbent''
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#FAA0A0"| [[List of chief ministers of Tripura|Tripura]]
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1
| rowspan="2"| [[Nripen Chakraborty]]
| rowspan="2"|[[File:Nripen Chakraborty.jpg|100px]]
| 5 January 1978
| 4 February 1983
| rowspan="2"|10 years 31 days
|-
|5 February 1983
|5 February 1988
|-
| 2
| [[Dasarath Deb]]
|[[File:Dasarathdeb160*150.jpg|100px|]]
| 10 April 1993
| 11 March 1998
| 4 years, 335 days
|-
| rowspan="4"| 3
| rowspan="4"| [[Manik Sarkar]]
| rowspan="4"|[[File:Manik Sarkar Official Portrait.jpg|100px]]
| 11 March 1998
| 26 February 2003
| rowspan="4"|19 years 363 days

|-
|27 February 2003
|23 February 2008
|-
|24 February 2008
|14 February 2013
|-
|15 February 2013
|8 March 2018
|-
! colspan="6" style="background:#FAA0A0"|[[List of chief ministers of West Bengal|West Bengal]]
|-
| rowspan="5"| 1
| rowspan="5"| [[Jyoti Basu]]
| rowspan="5"|[[File:Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|100px]]
| 21 June 1977
| 23 May 1982
| rowspan="5"|23 years 137 days
|-
|24 May 1982
|29 March 1987
|-
|30 March 1987
|18 June 1991
|-
|19 June 1991
|15 May 1996
|-
|16 May 1996
|5 November 2000
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2
| rowspan="3"| [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
| rowspan="3"|[[File:Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2006.jpg|100px]]
| 6 November 2000
| 14 May 2001
| rowspan="3"|{{Ayd|6 November 2000|20 May 2011}}
|-
|15 May 2001
|17 May 2006
|-
|18 May 2006
|20 May 2011
|}

== List of Rajya Sabha members ==
{{see also|List of Rajya Sabha members}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background:#FAA0A0" |Current [[Rajya Sabha]] members from CPI(M)
|-
! Name
! State
! Appointment date
! Retirement date
|-
|'''[[John Brittas]]'''
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts|4 April 2021}}
|{{dts|23 April 2027}}
|-
|[[V. Sivadasan]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts|24 April 2021}}
|{{dts|23 April 2027}}
|-
|[[A. A. Rahim (politician, born 1980)|A. A. Rahim]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts| 3 April 2022}}
|{{dts|2 April 2028}}
|-
|[[Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|{{dts|3 April 2020}}
|{{dts|2 April 2026}}
|}
* '''Bold''' indicates CPI(M) leader in Rajya Sabha

== List of Lok Sabha members ==
{{see also|List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:#FAA0A0" |Current [[Lok Sabha]] ([[List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha|18th]]) members from CPI(M)
|-
! Name
! Constituency
! State
|-
|'''[[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)|K. Radhakrishnan]]'''
|[[Alathur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alathur]]
|[[Kerala]]
|-
|[[R. Sachithanantham]]
|[[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|[[S. Venkatesan]]
|[[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|[[Amra Ram]]
|[[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|}
*

== Splits and offshoots ==
A large number of parties have been formed as a result of splits from the CPI(M), such as
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|CPI(ML)]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Flag|CPI(ML)RF]]
* [[Revolutionary Marxist Party of India|RMPI]]
* [[Marxist Communist Party of India (United)|MCPI(U)]]
* [[Party of Democratic Socialism (India)|PDS]] in West Bengal,
* [[Odisha Communist Party|OCP]] in [[Odisha]]
* [[Communist Marxist Party|CMP(J)]] in Kerala
* [[Janganotantrik Morcha]] in Tripura
* Lok Sangharsh Morcha in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]

== See also ==
{{portal|India|Politics|Communism|Socialism|Organized Labour}}
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Kerala]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tripura]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tamil Nadu]]
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[List of communist parties in India]]
* [[List of communist parties]]
* [[Left Front (West Bengal)]]
* [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
* [[Left Front (West Bengal)]]
* [[Left Front (Tripura)]]
* [[Politics of India]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
;Citations
{{reflist|30em}}
;Election reports
{{reflist|30em|group=e}}

== Sources ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Basu |first=Jyoti |author-link=Jyoti Basu |title=Memoirs – A Political Autobiography |location=[[Calcutta]] |publisher=National Book Agency |year=1999}}
* {{cite book |last=Basu |first=Pradip |title=Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle |location=Calcutta |publisher=Progressive Publishers |year=2000}}
* {{cite book |last=Bose |first=Shanti Shekar |title=A Brief Note on the Contents of Documents of the Communist Movement in India |year=2005 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata}}
* {{cite book |last=Rao |first=M.V.S. Koteswara |title=Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Prajasakti Book House |year=2003}}.
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
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Billy Nair

2026-03-28T03:55:19Z

Omhospital: Done

{{Short description|South African politician (1929–2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use South African English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| image_size = 146px
| caption = Billy Nair at a Function in October, 2005.
| order = Member of [[Parliament of South Africa]]
| term_start = 1994
| term_end = 2004
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1929|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Durban]], [[Natal Province|Natal]] [[Union of South Africa]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|10|23|1929|11|27|df=y}}
| death_place = Durban, South Africa
| party = [[African National Congress]]
| other_party = [[South African Communist Party]]
}}

'''Billy Nair''' (27 November 1929 – 23 October 2008) was a South African politician, [[Trade unions in South Africa|trade unionist]], and [[anti-apartheid activist]]. He was a member of the [[National Assembly of South Africa]] and a [[political prisoner]] in [[Robben Island]].

Nair was a long-serving political prisoner on Robben Island along with [[Nelson Mandela]] in the 'B' Block for political prisoners. His prison card is the copy used in the post-reconciliation prison tours to illustrate the conditions of the prisoners of the time. He was elected to the [[African National Congress]] (ANC) executive committee in 1991 and was a South African member of parliament for two terms prior to his retirement in 2004.

==Early life==
Nair was born in Sydenham, [[Durban]] in the then province of [[Natal (province)|Natal]], to [[Indian South Africans|Indian]] parents on 27 November 1929. His parents were Parvathy (daughter of a Passenger Indian) and Krishnan Nair (Ittynian Nair) who had been brought from [[Kerala]], India as an indentured labourer. He was one of five children; his siblings were Joan, Angela, Jay and Shad. His youngest brother died of [[Typhoid fever|typhoid]] in 1942. His father was an illiterate ship cargo man and mother supplemented the income by owning a vegetable stall in the Indian market.<ref name="University of Durban">{{cite web |last=Shongwe |first=Dimagatso |date=2002-07-12 |title=Voices of Resistance: Billy Nair |url=http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/TranscriptsORIGFINALFULL/NAIR,Billy.DOC |accessdate=2009-05-31 |website=Documentation Centre Oral History Project |publisher=[[University of Durban–Westville]] |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090003/http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/TranscriptsORIGFINALFULL/NAIR,Billy.DOC |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He attended school in Essendene Road Government Aided Indian School in Sydenham and Natal Technikon or M.L. Sultan Technical College (see [[Durban University of Technology]]), Durban at night and completed his [[Matriculation in South Africa|matriculation]] in 1946 and diploma in accounting in 1949. During his school year, he also worked part-time as a shop assistant from 1946 - 48 for a timber merchant of Indian origin and as a bookkeeper for an accounting firm.

==Early political activism==
During his education days, he was politicized as a participant in the students union. Like many of his fellow leaders in the future, the "[[Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act, 1946|Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act]]", also known as the "Ghetto Act" galvanized his political beliefs. In 1949, he became a member of the Natal Indian Youth Congress and was elected as its secretary in 1950. He started attending [[Natal Indian Congress]] (NIC) meetings becoming a member of its executive in 1950.<ref name="scnc.ukzn.ac.za">{{cite web | url = http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/VOR/NairBilly/NairBillytranscript1.htm | title = Oral Histories: Billy Nair interviewed by D. Shongwe | date = 2002-07-12 | accessdate = 2009-05-30 | publisher = GANDHI-LUTHULI DOCUMENTATION CENTRE | archive-date = 5 November 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105160826/http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/VOR/NairBilly/NairBillytranscript1.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Billy Nair continued his string of jobs and matriculation. After the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] government came to power in 1948, the position of the authorities towards the protesters became very hostile. After six months stint as a dairy worker at [[Clover Industries|Clover]] Dairy earning 24 pounds a month, he was fired in 1950 as a result of his [[trade union]] activities.<ref name="scnc.ukzn.ac.za" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page71654?oid=108287&sn=Detail |title = "We wish the adventurists luck" - Jacob Zuma | date = 2008-10-30 | accessdate = 2009-05-31 | publisher = politicsweb }}</ref> As he explained in an interview in 1984 about this period, "We had to politicize workers. A means to establish a link between political struggle and the struggle for higher wages had to be found".<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.globallabour.info/en/2007/09/agent_of_the_market_or_instrum.html|title = Agent of the market, or instrument of justice? Redefining trade union identity in the era of market driven politics | date = 2007-09-18 | accessdate = 2009-05-30 | publisher = Global Labor Institute }}</ref> He continued his trade union activities, eventually becoming the full-time secretary of the Dairy Worker's Union in 1951. He was banned from political activities as part of the ban imposed in Natal of all that had served as secretaries of 16 trade unions under the [[Suppression of Communism Act]].

Nair came under the influence of [[Monty Naicker|Dr. G. M. "Monty" Naicker]], president of the Natal Indian Congress. In the resistance again the Ghetto act, no fewer than 2000 prisoners were arrested.<ref name=arrest>{{cite book|title=Long Walk to Freedom|author=Mandela, Nelson|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316874960_0/page/118 118]|isbn=978-0-349-10653-3|publisher=Abacus Pub.|location=London, United Kingdom.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316874960_0/page/118}} p.118</ref> Nair was among the first group of resisters who were arrested at the Berea station with 21 other fellow-protesters for entering a "Europeans only" waiting room. He was imprisoned for one month.

== Anti-apartheid activism ==
In 1953 Nair joined the secretly reconstituted [[South African Communist Party|South African Communist party]] and was a leading member of the [[South African Congress of Trade Unions]] when it was formed in 1955 and served on its national executive committee.<ref name="Billy Nair">{{cite web |date=1 December 2023 |title=Billy Nair |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/billy-nair |accessdate=24 June 2024 |website=South African History Online |publisher=}}</ref>

Nair was among the 150 activists arrested with Mandela on 5 December 1956 and charged with [[treason]]. The marathon [[Treason Trial]] of 1956–1961 followed. Two months into the trial, the initial indictment was dropped, and immediately a new indictment was issued against 30 people, all ANC members. He was acquitted of all charges.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/original_docs.php?id=22 | title = Defense Bulletin | year = 1961 | accessdate = 2009-05-30 | publisher = National Library of South Africa | archive-date = 12 February 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100212194432/http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/original_docs.php?id=22 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Speaking of the incident, Nair later remarked, "The State wanted to actually bottle us up, thinking that the struggle will die out...".<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/audio.php?id=51|title = Audio interview with Billy Nair - Freedom Charter, Treason Trial [4:36]|access-date = 30 May 2009|archive-date = 9 April 2025|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250409074932/https://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/audio.php?id=51|url-status = dead}}</ref>

=== Umkhonto we Sizwe: 1961–1963 ===
After the banning of ANC in 1960, Nair became a member of the underground organization [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK) which was led by Mandela. Nair went underground for two months before being arrested and detained for 3 months. He was banned for 2 years which was subsequently extended to 5 years in 1961.<ref name="Billy Nair" /> Between 1961 and 1963, he participated in the armed struggle as part of MK and was involved in the bombing of Indian Affairs Department.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/VOR/NairBilly/NairBillytranscript1.htm | title = Oral Histories: Billy Nair interviewed by D. Shongwe | date = 2002-07-12 | accessdate = 2009-05-30 | publisher = GANDHI-LUTHULI DOCUMENTATION CENTRE | archive-date = 5 November 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105160826/http://scnc.ukzn.ac.za/doc/Audio/VOR/NairBilly/NairBillytranscript1.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

=== Robben Island: 1963–1984 ===
On 6 July 1963, Nair was arrested and charged with [[sabotage]] and attempting to overthrow the government by violent means and sentenced to 20 years on [[Robben Island (prison)|Robben Island]] along with other members of the Natal Command of MK, including [[Curnick Ndlovu]], [[Ebrahim Ebrahim]], Natoo Barberina, Riot Mkwanazi, Albert Duma, [[Eric Mtshali]] and 12 others.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sahistory.org.za/people/billy-nair|title= Billy Nair: SA History Online|accessdate = 2013-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Road to Democracy in South Africa 1960-1970 | author=South African Democracy Education Trust | publisher=Struik|date=2005|page=251}}</ref>

[[File:Robben Island Prison 28.jpg|thumb|right|"B" Section in Robben Island Maximum Security Prison where Nair was housed]]
[[File:Robben Island Prison 8.jpg|thumb|right|Billy Nair's prisoner card]]
Billy Nair, as Prisoner 69/64 (the 69th prisoner of 1964) served in the same block as Mandela and [[Ahmed Kathrada|Kathrada]].

Billy Nair was assaulted multiple times in prison quite seriously and he joined multiple efforts including a five-day hunger strike to bring about reforms at the prison. In this, he partially succeeded. He was punished severely for his efforts by isolation and removal to the common block. He was also denied food and educational privileges for various periods of time. There was controversy on which groups were instrumental in making the changes in Robben Island, including the provision of beds of prisoners, permission to study and improved meals with various groups claiming credit. Upon release, he remarked on this, "when I came out of prison in 1984 I actually publicly said that these Coopers, the [[AZAPO|AZAPOS]], the [[Strini Moodley]]s and the whole shoot of them actually came into a five star hotel. We changed the conditions so much that they were living in milk and honey virtually."<ref name="University of Durban" />

Whilst in prison, Nair was an active participant of the "University" which was informal education system run by prisoners;<ref>{{cite book|title=Long Walk to Freedom|author=Mandela, Nelson|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316874960_0/page/556 556]|isbn=978-0-349-10653-3|publisher=Abacus Pub.|location=London, United Kingdom.|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780316874960_0/page/556}}</ref> he also obtained study privileges in time and completed B.A. (in English), and B.COM degrees through the [[University of South Africa]]. Even though he completed most of the required classes toward a B.PROC degree, he had to abandon it after several detentions. [[Sonny Venkatrathnam]], a fellow prisoner smuggled a copy of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] into the prison in which all the leading prisoners marked their favorite passages; this copy was later called the Robben Island Bible. Billy Nair chose Caliban's lines from [[The Tempest]]: 'This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother'.

=== United Democratic Front: 1984–1990 ===
Nair was released from prison on 27 February 1984 and immediately joined the [[United Democratic Front (South Africa)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF), a [[popular front]] against apartheid that had been established the year before.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2008-10-29 |title=A working-class hero |url=https://witness.co.za/archive/2008/10/30/a-working-class-hero-20150430/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=The Witness |language=en-US}}</ref> He was elected to the national executive committee and regional executive committee of the UDF, became vice-chairperson of the Durban Central Residents' Association, and established the Centre for Community and Labour Studies, a labour-aligned [[Think tank|think-tank]].<ref name="Billy Nair" />

Meanwhile, the UDF mounted a successful campaign to protest the [[1984 South African general election|1984 elections]] to the new [[Tricameral Parliament]], provoking a stringent state response. Nair was arrested in August 1984 with several other UDF leaders, held under the [[Internal Security Act, 1982]] and accused of trying to "create a revolutionary climate".<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Riveles |first=Susanne |date=1989 |title=Diplomatic Asylum as a Human Right: The Case of the Durban Six |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/761937 |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=139–159 |doi=10.2307/761937 |issn=0275-0392 |jstor=761937|url-access=subscription }}</ref> After a judge ordered their release in early September, Nair and five others – [[Archie Gumede]], [[Mewa Ramgobin]], [[George Sewpershad]], M. J. Naidoo, and [[Paul David (activist)|Paul David]] – sought to avert their re-arrest by taking refuge in the [[British consulate]] in Durban.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Cowell |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Cowell |date=1984-09-14 |title=6 South African fugitives enter British consulate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/14/world/6-south-african-fugitives-enter-british-consulate.html |access-date=2023-04-29 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> As one of the so-called [[Durban Six]], Nair sheltered in the consulate between September and December 1984. At the end of the ordeal, he was the only one of the six who was not re-arrested and charged with treason in the [[Pietermaritzburg Treason Trial]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Repressing the UDF Leadership |url=https://www.saha.org.za/udf/repressing_the_leadership.htm |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=South African History Archive}}</ref>

Although he escaped treason charges, Nair was detained again in late August 1985 and held under the [[Internal Security Act, 1982]].'''<ref name="Billy Nair" />''' A month into his [[detention without trial]], Nair successfully approached the [[Supreme Court of South Africa|Natal Supreme Court]] with an application to interdict the security police from assaulting him, alleging that he had been assaulted and harassed by two police officers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 1985 |title=A Supreme Court judge in Durban ordered police today... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/09/30/A-Supreme-Court-judge-in-Durban-ordered-police-today/1915496900800/ |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref> He was ultimately released on 9 October 1985.'''<ref name="Billy Nair" />''' Thereafter, between June 1986 and February 1990, he went into hiding to evade further arrest, though he continued his activism underground.<ref name="Billy Nair" /> Among other things he represented the SACP at its 1989 conference in [[Havana, Cuba]],<ref name="Billy Nair" /> and he also worked on [[Operation Vula]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Thamm |first=Marianne |date=2020-02-19 |title=A Nightingale Sang in CR Swart Square: Moe Shaik and the greatest story not yet told |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-02-19-a-nightingale-sang-in-cr-swart-square-moe-shaik-and-the-greatest-story-not-yet-told/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref>

=== Transition: 1990–1994 ===
Nair left hiding after the ANC and SACP were unbanned in February 1990 at an advanced stage of the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|negotiations to end apartheid]]. However, on 23 July 1990, he and several other Operation Vula operatives were arrested in Durban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vula Eight: Charge Sheet |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv03445/04lv03996/05lv04000.htm |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226180009/https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv03445/04lv03996/05lv04000.htm |archive-date=December 26, 2021 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=O'Malley Archives}}</ref> During his subsequent detention, Nair suffered a [[heart attack]], and he was released shortly after undergoing [[Coronary artery bypass surgery|double bypass surgery]].<ref name="Billy Nair" /> After his release, he served on the interim leadership corps of both the ANC and the SACP, which were working to re-establish their legal structures inside South Africa.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=2008-10-30 |title=Hamba Kahle Comrade Billy Nair |url=http://www.pragoti.org/node/2353 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206043928/http://www.pragoti.org/node/2353 |archive-date=6 December 2008 |accessdate=2009-05-30 |website=Pragoti |publisher= |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In July 1990 he was elected to the [[Central Committee of the South African Communist Party|SACP Central Committee]],<ref name=":0" /> and the ANC's [[48th National Conference of the African National Congress|48th National Conference]] in December 1991 elected him to a three-year term as a member of the [[National Executive Committee of the African National Congress|ANC National Executive Committee]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=6 July 1991 |title=Report of the Independent Electoral Commission |url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/48th-national-conference-report-of-the-independent/ |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=African National Congress}}</ref>

== National Assembly and retirement ==

In the [[1994 South African general election|first post-apartheid elections]] in April 1994, Nair stood as a candidate for the ANC, ranked 39th on the party's candidate list.<ref name="Billy Nair" /> He was elected to a seat in the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]], the lower house of the new [[Parliament of South Africa|South African Parliament]]. Gaining re-election in [[1999 South African general election|June 1999]], he served two terms in his seat before retiring from Parliament at the [[2004 South African general election|April 2004 general election]].<ref name="Billy Nair" /> He had dropped off the SACP Central Committee in 1998, but in his retirement he remained an [[Ex officio member|ex officio]] member of the committee.<ref name=":0" /> Asked during this period whether he had revised his view of [[Marxism]], Nair reflected:<blockquote>[Marxism] remains relevant. But we cannot be dogmatic. We have to find a way out of capitalism as it is today. The world is not a better place today. Capitalism is a disaster for many people around the world. We will have to find our own approach to socialism... I am convinced that the future lies in [[socialism]]. The wealth of this country must belong to the people as a whole. Until that happens the struggle has to continue. There are no ready-made solutions to our problems. We have to be practical. We can't apply our theory in a vacuum. We have to engineer new methods to make it work. It is through the interaction of theory and practice that we will evolve new ways of solving problems. And over time we will find the answers to our challenges.<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>He died on 23 October 2008 at St Augustine's Hospital in Durban, two weeks after suffering a [[stroke]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2008-10-23 |title=ANC salutes 'gallant revolutionary' Billy Nair |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2008-10-23-anc-salutes-gallant-revolutionary-billy-nair/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> [[S'bu Ndebele]], the [[Premier of KwaZulu-Natal]] and Nair's former neighbour on Robben Island,<ref name=":2" /> granted him an official provincial funeral,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-10-25 |title=Billy Nair: Official provincial funeral |url=https://witness.co.za/archive/2008/10/26/billy-nair-official-provincial-funeral-20150430/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=The Witness |language=en-US}}</ref> which was held on 30 October 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2008 |title=Scores gather for Nair's funeral |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/scores-gather-for-nairs-funeral-20081030 |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Honours and awards ==
In 1988, the SACP awarded its inaugural Moses Kotane Award to Nair and [[Brian Bunting]] for their outstanding contributions to the party.<ref name="Billy Nair" /> He was admitted to the [[Order of Luthuli]] in 2004, receiving the award in silver for "His contribution to the struggle for workers' rights and for a [[Non-racialism|non-racial]] and non-sexist South Africa."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Billy Nair (1929–) |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/billy-nair-1929 |access-date=24 June 2024 |work=Presidency of the Republic of South Africa}}</ref> In 2007, the [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award (2003 to 2021): List of Recipients |url=https://pbdindia.gov.in/pbsa-awardees-prev |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Pravasi Bhartiya Divas}}</ref> and the Gandhi Development Trust awarded him its Satyagraha Award.<ref name="Billy Nair" /> Finally, in April 2009, he received a posthumous honorary doctorate from the [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]]; [[Pravin Gordhan]] accepted it on behalf of Nair's family.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 April 2009 |title=Graduation Highlights 2009 |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/gradhighlights2009.aspx |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521102107/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/gradhighlights2009.aspx |archivedate=21 May 2009 |accessdate=2009-05-30 |website=University of KwaZulu-Natal |publisher=}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
In December 1960, Nair married Elsie Goldstone, a trade unionist who was his sister's next-door neighbour.<ref name=":4" /> He had one daughter, who lived abroad.<ref name="Billy Nair" />

==See also==
* [[History of the African National Congress]]
* [[List of Nairs]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv00017/04lv00018/05lv00221/06lv00229.htm Interviews] with [[Padraig O'Malley]] (2002–2004)
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Billy}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Durban University of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Durban]]
[[Category:South African politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:South African anti-apartheid activists]]
[[Category:People acquitted of treason]]
[[Category:South African prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Inmates of Robben Island]]
[[Category:Natal Indian Congress politicians]]
[[Category:African National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:South African Communist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Racial segregation]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Luthuli]]
[[Category:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]

List of educational institutions in Kozhikode district

2026-03-28T00:13:15Z

Omhospital: quick added layout based on references also and added references

{{Short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
This is a list of educational institutions in [[Kozhikode]] District.

[[File:Holy cross institute of management and technology.jpg|alt=HIMT|thumb|Holy Cross Institute of management and Technology]]
[[File:Devagiri College - Kozhikode, a view of the old basketball court.jpg|thumb|Devagiri College]]
[[File:AWH SPECIAL COLLEGE.JPG|thumb|AWH Medical College]]
[[File:Alfarook College, Farook College, Kozhikode.jpg|thumb|Alfarook College, Feroke]]

==Major campuses==
* [[Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode]] (IIM Kozhikode)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iimk.ac.in/|title=Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode - IIMK|website=www.iimk.ac.in|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>
*[[Government Medical College, Kozhikode|Govt Medical College Calicut]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.govtmedicalcollegekozhikode.ac.in/|title=Government Medical College Kozhikode|website=www.govtmedicalcollegekozhikode.ac.in|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>
*[[National Institute of Technology Calicut]] (NIT Calicut)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.careers360.com/university/national-institute-of-technology-calicut|title=National Institute of Technology Calicut |website=www.careers360.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>

===Arts and science colleges===

*College of Applied Science Kozhikode (IHRD)
* [[Farook College]]
* Markaz Arts and Science College
* [[Malabar Christian College]]
*Holy cross Institute of Management and Technology
* [[St. Joseph's College, Devagiri]]
* [[Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College]]
* [[R. Shankar Memorial Arts and Science College]]
* [[AWH Special College, Kozhikode]]
* [[SNG College Chelannur]]
* [[Government College, Madappally]]
* [[Providence Women's College]]
*[[College of Applied Science, Thamarassery]]
* Govt. College, Kodanchery
* Govt. College, Kunnamangalam
* Govt. College, Koduvally
* Govt. College, Balussery
* M Dasan Arts & Science College Ulliyeri
* KMO Arts & Science College, [[Koduvally]]
* MES Arts & Science College, [[Chathamangalam]]
* National College of Arts & Science, [[Puliyavu]]
*Dayapuram Arts and Science College for Women
*MAMO College Manassery
*Don Bosco College Mampetta
*Sree Gokulam Arts And Science College
*College of Applied Science Thiruvambady, Mukkam
*College of Applied Science Thiruvambady
*College of Applied Science Nadhapuram
*St Saviors College Eranhipalam
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indcareer.com/find/arts-science-colleges-in-kozhikode|title=List of Arts Science Colleges In Kozhikode, Kerala|last=indcareer.com|date=1970-01-01|website=www.indcareer.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>

===Engineering colleges===
* [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]]
* [[Government Engineering College, Kozhikode]]
* [[AWH Engineering College]]
* KMCT College of Engineering
* M Dasan Institute of Technology, Ulliyeri
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://engineering.careers360.com/colleges/list-of-engineering-colleges-in-kozhikode|title=Engineering Colleges in Kozhikode|website=engineering.careers360.com|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>

===Architectural colleges===
* Avani Institute of Design , Thamarassery

===Law colleges===
* [[Government Law College, Kozhikode]]
* [[Markaz Law College]]
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.careers360.com/colleges/list-of-law-colleges-in-kozhikode|title=Law Colleges in Kozhikode|website=law.careers360.com|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>

===Medical colleges===
* [[Kozhikode Medical College|Govt Medical College Kozhikode]]
* Government Homoeopathic Medical College Kozhikode
* KMCT Medical College Manassery
* Malabal Medical College Modakkalloor
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indcareer.com/find/medical-colleges-in-calicut|title=List of Medical Colleges In Calicut, Kerala|last=indcareer.com|date=1970-01-01|website=www.indcareer.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>

===Management institutes===
* [[Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode]]
*[[Sirajul Huda Institute of Management Studies, Kuttiadi]]
*Farook Institute of Management Studies
*Malabar Academy For Management Studies
*Camford Institute Of Management
*IIKM Business School (West Hill)
*School of Management Studies, Kozhikode
*SNES Institute of Management Studies And Research (IMSAR)
*Edu Mould College of Management Studies
*Saga Institute of Management Studies
*Tourfed Academy For Management Studies
*SNES College of Arts Commerce & Management, Calicut

===Other organizations===
* Altus Institute of Higher Education
* Image Creative Education
* Cindrebay School of Design
* [[Footwear Design and Development Institute]]
* [[Indian Institute of Spices Research]]
* [[Kerala School of Mathematics, Kozhikode]]
* National College of Pharmacy, Manassery
* [[National Institute of Communicable Diseases]]
* [[National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology]]
* [[NIRDESH]] Shipbuilding Institute
* [[Usha School of Athletics]]
* [[Zoological Survey of India]]

==Image gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Holy cross institute of management and technology.jpg|alt=HIMT|Holy cross Institute of Management and Technology
File:Gautam buddha@guruvayurappan college , calicut , kerala , india.jpg|Guruvayoorappan College
File:Government Arts and Science College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India (2012).jpg|Government College, Meenchantha
File:Department of Physics at NIT Calicut.jpg|NIT
File:Farook college Main gate Kozhicode.JPG|Farook College
File:Govt law college calicut.jpg|Law College
File:IIM calicut front gate.jpg|IIM
File:Calicut medical college view from inside.jpg|Medical College
File:Holy cross institute of management and technology hotel management.jpg|alt=Hotel Management|Holy Cross Institute of Management and Technology Hotel Management
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Education in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Educational institutions in Kozhikode district}}
[[Category:Education in Kozhikode district|Institutions]]
[[Category:Kerala education-related lists|Kozhikode]]

The Siege: The Attack on the Taj

2026-03-27T01:40:47Z

Omhospital: expanded content

{{Short description|2013 book by Cathy-Scott Clerk and Adrian Levy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Siege: The Attack on the Taj
| image = The-Siege by Adrian Levy.jpg
| caption = The cover picture of the book
| alt = Cover art
| author = [[Cathy Scott-Clark]], [[Adrian Levy]]
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code = EN
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United States, India
| language = English
| series =
| subject = [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
| genre = {{plainlist|
* [[Action thriller|Thriller]]
* [[Terrorism]]
* [[Tragedy]]
}}
| published = [[Penguin Books]] in 2013
| media_type = [[Paperback|Print (paperback)]]
| pages = 344 (Paperback)
| awards =
| isbn = 9780143420101
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource =
}}
'''''The Siege: The Attack on the Taj''''' is a non-fiction book by [[Cathy Scott-Clark]] and [[Adrian Levy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?288413|title=Bullets to the crown|publisher=Outlook|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref> It is an account of the [[2008 Mumbai attacks|2008 attacks]] on [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] in [[Mumbai]], India, during the night of 26 November 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17707527-the-siege|title=The Siege: 68 Hours Inside the Taj|publisher=[[Goodreads]]|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-siege-catherine-scott-clark/1114820819?ean=9781101613245|title=The Siege:68 Hours inside the Taj by Cathy Scott|publisher=[[Barnes & Noble]]|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/FXj0NkxmFZANdGhBigRKTI/Book-Review--The-Siege.html|title=Book review: The Siege|date=23 November 2013 |publisher=Livemint|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref> It presents an insider view of the attacks based on extensive research by the authors. The book was first published by [[Penguin Books]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-siege-takes-the-reader-into-the-heart-of-the-2611-attack/437423-40-101.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206123948/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-siege-takes-the-reader-into-the-heart-of-the-2611-attack/437423-40-101.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-06|title=The Siege takes the reader into the heart of the 26/11 attack|publisher=[[IBNLive]]|accessdate=2013-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780143123750,00.html|title=The Siege- Books by Cathy Scott|publisher=[[Penguin Books]]|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref> It includes unreleased documents from the trial of [[Ajmal Kasab]] in India, including telephone conversations between the militants.<ref name="siege">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2013/11/19/review-round-up-the-siege-of-mumbai/|title=Review Round-Up: The Siege of Mumbai|newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=19 November 2013 |accessdate=2013-12-01 |last1=Lahiri |first1=Tripti }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mumbaiboss.com/2013/11/25/the-siege-authors-on-the-taj-understanding-david-headley-and-what-mumbai-learnt-from-2611/|title=Q&A with 'The Siege' authors Adrian Levy and Cathy-Scott Clerk|publisher=Mumbai Boss|accessdate=2014-02-01}}</ref>

== Storyline ==
The book opens with a description of the day-to-day life of the rich and wealthy people of Mumbai. [[Sabina Sehgal Saikia]], a highly regarded food critic working for the ''[[Times of India]]'' is present. A wedding reception is underway. Less than an hour after start of the party, the attackers bypass security and make their way into the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel. They immediately start shooting, and people hide under the dinner tables.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.biographile.com/the-siege-on-survival-and-testimony-of-the-2008-taj-attacks/24968/|title=The Siege: Searing Testimony to the 2008 Taj Attacks|publisher=Biographile.com|accessdate=2013-12-01|archive-date=22 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822185029/http://www.biographile.com/the-siege-on-survival-and-testimony-of-the-2008-taj-attacks/24968/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The book is considerably more violent than other books in this category.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/when-the-house-of-magic-burned/article5390811.ece?homepage=true|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=When the 'house of magic' burned|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref> The authors describe the militants as "landlocked boys from impoverished rural communities, who knew only about chickens and goats".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/books/article/1356664/book-review-siege-cathy-scott-clark-and-adrian-levy|title=Book Review: The Siege:68 Hours Inside the Taj|publisher=SCMP.com|year=2013}}</ref> The book claims that 26 different warnings had been issued by the [[R&AW]], India's external intelligence agency, saying that the Taj, the [[Oberoi Trident]] and the Leopold Cafe might be targeted.<ref name="hindu" /> The book includes descriptions of how people were ambushed as they tried to escape, and of the days of violence that followed the initial attacks.<ref name="bio" /> Interviews with many victims of the attack are included in the book.<ref name="siege" />

== Critical review ==
''The Siege'' has received mainly positive reviews from critics. Dwight Garner of the ''[[New York Times]]'' said:

<blockquote>They are not the most gifted writers you will ever come across. I spent the first 50 pages of ''The Siege'' tallying clichés, dangling modifiers and awkward phrases. These very quickly stopped—or stopped mattering, I'm not sure which. The story they present steamrolls finicky objections. It's a tragedy and a thriller with concussive human and political resonance. I read it in what felt like three blinks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/books/the-siege-describes-the-attack-on-the-taj-hotel-in-mumbai.html?_r=0|title='The Siege' Describes the Attack on the Taj in Mumbai|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=29 October 2013 |accessdate=2013-11-26|last1=Garner |first1=Dwight }}</ref></blockquote>

''[[Firstpost]]'' reviewer Deepanjana Paul wrote:

<blockquote>''The Siege'' is not a book you read for literary flair. It's written with the racing energy of a paperback thriller. There's just one significant difference from that popular genre: ''The Siege'' is all verified fact. Levy and Scott-Clark's reportage is outstanding, especially when you keep in mind how difficult it is to convince government departments like the National Security Guard to talk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/living/the-siege-a-well-documented-racy-and-incomplete-thriller-1250585.html|title=The Siege: Well documented and races like a thriller, but incomplete|date=26 November 2013 |work=[[Firstpost]]|accessdate=2013-11-26}}</ref></blockquote>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{2008 Mumbai attacks}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siege The Attack on the Taj}}
[[Category:2013 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:American non-fiction books]]
[[Category:English-language non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Penguin Books books]]
[[Category:Books about Mumbai]]
[[Category:Books about Islamic terrorism]]
[[Category:Works based on the 2008 Mumbai attacks]]

Tangasseri

2026-03-25T14:41:59Z

Omhospital: fixed references per standard format per standard format

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tangasseri
| other_name = Thangassery, Thangi
| nickname = Thangi
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Kollam Thangasseri Gate1a.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Tangasseri arch
| pushpin_map = India Kollam#Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.884359|N|76.563631|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kollam District|Kollam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| leader_party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor#India|Mayor]]
| leader_name = A.K Hafeez
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[N.K. Premachandran|N.K Premachandran]]
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mukesh (actor)|M.
Mukesh]]
| leader_title3 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name3 = Devidas N IAS
| leader_title4 = [[Kollam City Police|City Police Commissioner]]
| leader_name4 = Kiran Narayanan IPS
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.4006
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 691007
| registration_plate = KL-02
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kollam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kollam]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kollam Municipal Corporation]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|34|°C|°F}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|22|°C|°F}}
| website = http://www.kollam.nic.in
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Leuchtturm in Kollam.jpg|thumb|Light House at Thangashery]]
[[File:Fishing activities at Thangassery, Kollam.jpg|thumb|Fishing boats at Thangashery]]
'''Tangasseri''' or '''Thangassery''' (Thangi) is a heavily populated beach area on the shores of the [[Arabian Sea]] in [[Kollam]] city, [[Kerala]], India.

==Location==
Tangasseri is located about {{convert|5|km|mi}} from the [[Chinnakada|city centre]] and {{convert|71|km|mi}} from [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the state capital. Archaeologists recently discovered Chinese coins and other artefacts along the coast, which reveal the historic background of the location.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Archaeologist-Throws-Light-on-Thangassery-Artefacts/2014/03/10/article2100824.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814175205/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/Archaeologist-Throws-Light-on-Thangassery-Artefacts/2014/03/10/article2100824.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 August 2014 |title=Archaeologist Throws Light on Thangassery Artefacts|publisher=TNIE |access-date=6 August 2014}}</ref> [[Kollam Port]] makes Tangasseri an important place on the world maritime map.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infrawindow.com/projects/thangassery-port-project_42/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210235544/http://www.infrawindow.com/projects/thangassery-port-project_42/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=10 December 2014 |title=Thangassery Port|publisher=Infrawindow.com |access-date=6 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.projectstoday.com/News/Cabinet-approval-for-Thangassery-port-plans |title=Cabinet approval for Thangassery port plans |publisher=Projectstoday.com |access-date=6 August 2014}}</ref>

==History==
In 1502, the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] were the first Europeans to establish a trading centre in Tangasseri and the area soon became a major centre for the [[pepper trade]]. Tangasseri's [[St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri|St Thomas Fort]], built by the Portuguese in 1517, was destroyed in the subsequent wars with the Dutch.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/essential-kerala/2018/03/27/thangasseri-kollam-port-lighthouse-sights-history.html |title=Thangassery: A flashback to Kerala's Portuguese past |publisher=On Manorama |access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref>

In 1661, the Dutch took possession of the city. The remains of both the Dutch and Portuguese forts can still be seen in Tangasseri. In the 18th century, the kingdom of [[Travancore]] first conquered Kollam, followed by the British in 1795. Tangasseri remains an Anglo-Indian settlement in character, though there are few Anglo-Indians in the population. Tangassery was a part of [[Malabar District]] during [[British Raj]].<ref name="Logan">{{Cite book|title=Malabar Manual (Volume-I)|last=Logan|first=William|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=2010|isbn=9788120604476|location=New Delhi|pages=631–666}}</ref>

The [[Infant Jesus Cathedral]] in Tangasseri an old Portuguese-built church, remains as a memento of Portuguese rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.superbindiatours.com/Kerala/kollam.html |title=Superb India Tours - Kollam |publisher=Superb India Tours |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref> The old cathedral was demolished and replaced by a new cathedral at a cost of around {{INRConvert|4.5|c|nolink=no}}; it was consecrated and blessed on 3{{nbsp}}December 2005. The metallic cross on the top is one of the largest crosses in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oocities.org/athens/Acropolis/9669/tangy.htm |title=Tangasseri - OOCITIES |publisher=OOCITIES |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>

==Importance==
Tangasseri is a picturesque seaside village with a three kilometre long beach on which stands a 144 feet tall lighthouse—a silent sentinel warning seamen since 1902 of the treacherous reefs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/new-look-for-tangasseri-lighthouse/article8634902.ece |title=New look for Tangasseri lighthouse |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> There are also ruins of Portuguese and Dutch forts and 18th century churches. The fishery harbour at Tangasseri is a basin for traditional fishermen, achieved by the construction of two breakwaters. The length of the main breakwater is 2100 m and of the leeward breakwater 550 m. This provides sufficient beach length for landing facilities for all operational craft.

Tangasseri is home to Kerala's oldest schools, [[Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School]] and Infant Jesus School Kollam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ijhss.org/ |title=Infant Jesus Anglo-Indian School, Kollam |publisher=IJHSS Kollam |access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref>

The State Government of Kerala had submitted a proposal for constructing a sheltered lighterage Port at Thangassery by converting the Thangassery cove into an artificial harbour The Thangassery cove is about 45 miles to the South of theAshtamudi Lake inlet which was proposed to be developed as an Ashing harbour under the Norwegian-Indian Fisheries Community Development Project Hie proposal to convert the Thangassery Cove into an artificial harbour involved the construction canal connecting the proposed port with Ashtamudi Lake.
In the meantime, another suggestion was made for developing Thangassery Cove as a fishing-cum-commercial port, if it was found impracticable to develop the Ashtamudi lake inlet. Model expenments in respect of both the scheme were carried out at the Poona Research Station.

The Government of Kerala was asked on 7 January 1959 to examine the reports submitted by the Poona Research Station and to work
out comparative costs of both the schemes m the light of the recommendations made m the Reports and forward their proposal to the Government along with a statement showing the comparative costs for the two schemes These are awaited A provision of Rs 42 5 lakhs has been proposed for development works at
Thangassery in the Third Plan <ref>https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1836/1/lsd_02_08_02-09-1959.pdf page 15</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="120">
File:Thangassery Light House, Kollam.jpg|Tangasseri Light House
File:Arial view of Thangassery Harbour Area, Kollam.jpg|Aerial view of Tangasseri Harbour Area
File:Fishing Boats at Tangasseri, Aug 2014.jpg|A fishing boat near Tangasseri breakwater
File:Kollam Port Road UC, Oct 2016.jpg|[[Port Road, Kollam|Port Road]] at Tangasseri
File:View of Kollam Port from Thangassery Harbour.jpg|View of Kollam Port from Tangasseri harbour
File:Thangassery Fishing Harbour, Kollam.jpg|Tangasseri fishing harbour
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tangasseri}}
* {{Official website|http://www.keralaports.gov.in}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131122170529/http://rotarytangasseri.org/history.html A brief history of Tangaserri]}}
{{Kollam |state=expanded}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}
{{Kollam district}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kollam]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Former Dutch colonies]]
[[Category:History of Kollam]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kollam]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kollam district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Kerala]]
[[Category:1661 establishments in the Dutch Empire]]

Jaanu (2020 film)

2026-03-23T22:21:24Z

Omhospital: basic improved citations as per guidelines and fixed typos

{{short description|Telugu romantic drama}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaanu
| image = Jaanu 2020 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. Prem Kumar]]
| producer = [[Dil Raju]]
| writer = C. Prem Kumar
| based_on = ''[['96 (film)|'96]]'' (2018) by C. Prem Kumar
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sharwanand]]
*[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]]
}}
| music = [[Govind Vasantha]]
| cinematography = Mahendiran Jayaraju
| editing = [[Praveen K. L.]]
| studio = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2020|02|07|ref1=<ref name="release">{{Cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=18 January 2020 |title=Sharwanand and Mounika's 'Jaanu' will hit screens soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sharwanand-and-samanthas-jaanu-will-hit-screens-soon/articleshow/73351405.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119204647/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/sharwanand-and-samanthas-jaanu-will-hit-screens-soon/articleshow/73351405.cms |archive-date=2020-01-19 |access-date=17 February 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 151 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaanu |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jaanu-film |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206185431/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/jaanu-film |archive-date=6 February 2020 |website=bbfc.co.uk}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹15–20 crore
| gross = ₹11.9–12 crore
}}

'''''Jaanu''''' is a 2020 Indian [[Telugu-language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[C. Prem Kumar]]. It is a remake of Kumar's 2018 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[['96 (film)|'96]]''. It is produced by [[Dil Raju]]'s [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]], and stars [[Sharwanand]] and [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]]. The film revolves around the reunion of former students from a 2004 batch fifteen years after their graduation. The reunion also serves as an opportunity for two former lovers, Ram and Jaanu, to resolve issues surrounding their breakup. It was released on 7 February 2020.

== Plot ==
K. Ramachandra, a.k.a. Ram, is a [[Travel photography|travel photographer]]. He visits his high school and is overwhelmed by memories. So, a reunion is arranged through their school [[WhatsApp]] group. At the reunion, his friends Murali, Subhashini, and Sathish catch up with him. Murali hesitantly mentions that Janaki, a.k.a. Jaanu, is visiting from Singapore.

Ram and Jaanu have been friends and classmates since tenth grade. Jaanu is a talented singer. Ram develops a love for Jaanu and she reciprocates. Once their board exams are over, they have a moment with each other where Jaanu asks him not to forget her until they meet again after the holidays.

Jaanu arrives at the reunion and searches for Ram. When Subha points Ram's location to her, Jaanu walks towards him. She reminisces about the first day of 11th grade when she eagerly awaited Ram's arrival to the classroom, but he didn't show up. She had then learned that Ram had left the school because of his father's financial difficulties and his family relocating to Hyderabad overnight. Jaanu is inconsolable and pines for Ram until she completes school.

Ram and Jaanu finally meet, but their first interactions are awkward, but later improve. Their friends talk about Jaanu's married life in Singapore and disclose that Ram is still single and has not moved on. After the reunion party, both go out on a drive. Jaanu reveals how she could not forget Ram and would have traded anything just to have met him once back then. She narrates how circumstances forced her to marry someone else. Then, Ram asks Jaanu if she does not remember the day he came to her college to meet her. Ram says that he and Satish waited in front of Jaanu's college to meet her and passed on a message to a student. Surprisingly, Jaanu refused to meet Ram and forbade him to contact her again. He returned sadly and never tried to meet her since then. Jaanu is devastated listening to this and reveals that she never saw them at her college and thought it was her stalker who was troubling her. Ram says that except for the mistake of assuming that she hated him, he knew everything about her life. He also tells about seeing her from afar at her wedding. Jaanu is heartbroken because she felt his presence and expected him to come for her until the last minute. Both feel sad about their misfortune and finally come to terms with everything that happened in their lives. Jaanu expresses her desire to spend the final few hours with Ram before she catches the flight back home.

They go out into the city and then to a restaurant and catch up on more memories. There, they meet Ram's photography students who assume Jaanu is his wife and request her to share their story. Jaanu obliges and narrates an improvised version of the time when Ram tried to meet Jaanu at her college. She tells about how they finally met and made up and have been together ever since and got married. Ram feels awkward but tries his best to play along. The students leave, but the rain soaks Ram and Jaanu. So he asks her to visit his apartment to freshen up.

At his apartment, Jaanu is visibly upset that Ram does not have a love life and requests him to move on, marry, and have a family. She finally sings Ram's favorite song : Yamuna Thatilo (from [[Thalapathi|Dalapathi]]) for him, a song that she had purposefully avoided singing in school despite his repeated requests. Ram shows Jaanu a collection of their old memories like love poems, dried flowers, and their school uniforms. They have little time and return to Jaanu's hotel to prepare for her flight in a few hours. Jaanu is sad knowing that she will leave Hyderabad and Ram very soon. At the airport, Ram escorts her to the boarding gate and they bid a teary farewell. Jaanu then gets into the flight and departs.

Back at his home, Ram finds Jaanu's clothes that he had put to dry the previous night. He folds them neatly, puts them along with his treasured collection of school memories, and shuts the suitcase and the screen cuts to black.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sharwanand]] as K. Ramachandra a.k.a. Ram
** Sai Kiran Kumar as young Ram
* [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] as S. Janaki Devi a.k.a. Jaanu (Voice dubbed by [[Chinmayi Sripada]])
** [[Gouri G. Kishan]] as young Janaki Devi a.k.a. Jaanu
* [[Sharanya Pradeep]] as Subhashini a.k.a. Subha, Ram and Janaki’s best friend
** Hasini Anvi as Young Subha
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Murali, Ram's friend
** Madan Reddy as young Murali
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]] as Satish, Ram's friend
** Bommali Lakshmana Rao as young Satish
* [[Raghu Babu]] as A Watchman (Kapala Devudu)
* [[Varsha Bollamma]] as Prabha, a Trainee Photographer
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as T. Venkateswara Rao, Saloon Owner (Cameo Appearance).
}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
In September 2018, [[Dil Raju]] bought the remake rights for the Tamil film [['96 (film)|''<nowiki/>'96'']] intending to produce the movie in Telugu.<ref name="remake">{{Cite news |title=Star producer Dil Raju acquires the Telugu rights of Vijay Sethupathi's '96' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/star-producer-dil-raju-acquires-the-telugu-rights-of-vijay-sethupathis-96/articleshow/65730657.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He hired the original director [[C. Prem Kumar]] to helm the remake version too. He made some nuanced changes to the original film to suit the Telugu nativity and brought in the original composer [[Govind Vasantha]] as the film's music director.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prem Kumar asserts 96 Telugu remake will retain school portions |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/290119/prem-kumar-asserts-96-telugu-remake-will-retain-school-portions.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225061541/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/kollywood/290119/prem-kumar-asserts-96-telugu-remake-will-retain-school-portions.html |archive-date=2019-02-25 |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=29 January 2019 }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
On 26 January 2019, [[Sharwanand]] and [[Samantha Akkineni]] were announced as the lead actors of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-22 |title=Samantha and Sharwanand to star in 96 Telugu remake |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/samantha-akkineni-and-sharwanand-to-star-in-96-telugu-remake-1436636-2019-01-22 |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=India Today}}</ref> [[Gouri G. Kishan]] and [[Varsha Bollamma]], who were both part of the original, were chosen to reprise their roles as the younger version of Jaanu and Ram's apprentice, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-08 |title=Gouri Kishan to play a role in Jaanu | Tamil Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/gouri-kishan-to-play-a-role-in-jaanu/articleshow/73150870.cms |access-date=2020-01-31 |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2020 |title=Watch: Trailer of Samantha-Sharwanand's 'Jaanu' out, brings back '96' memories |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-trailer-samantha-sharwanands-jaanu-out-brings-back-96-memories-117076?amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129201212/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-trailer-samantha-sharwanands-jaanu-out-brings-back-96-memories-117076?amp |archive-date=2020-01-29 |access-date=2020-01-31 |publisher=The News Minute}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film was formally launched on 6 April 2019 on the occasion of Ugadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2019 |title=96 Telugu remake officially launched with Sharwanand and Samantha |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/96-telugu-remake-officially-launched-with-sharwanand-and-samantha-366189.htm |access-date=7 February 2020 |website=[[In.com]]}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The principal photography was scheduled for fifteen days in [[Kenya]] and the unit moved back to [[Vizag]] and [[Hyderabad]] for various parts of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-31 |title=Gouri Kishan of '96' fame reprises her role in Telugu remake |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gouri-kishan-96-fame-reprises-her-role-telugu-remake-102777 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531153447/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/gouri-kishan-96-fame-reprises-her-role-telugu-remake-102777 |archive-date=2019-05-31 |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> Samantha started shooting for the film in July 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Samantha Akkineni starts shooting for 96 Telugu remake. see photos |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/samantha-akkineni-starts-shooting-for-96-telugu-remake-see-pictures-5842600/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129074737/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/samantha-akkineni-starts-shooting-for-96-telugu-remake-see-pictures-5842600/ |archive-date=2019-11-29 |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> The film was wrapped up on 13 October 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Samantha wraps up shoot for 96 Telugu remake, posts a picture from the film - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/samantha-wraps-up-shoot-for-96-telugu-remake-posts-a-picture-from-the-film/articleshow/71563564.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110175857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/samantha-wraps-up-shoot-for-96-telugu-remake-posts-a-picture-from-the-film/articleshow/71563564.cms |archive-date=2019-11-10 |access-date=2020-01-07 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jaanu
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Govind Vasantha]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1 February 2020.
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Telugu/Tamil
| label = [[Aditya Music]] [[Think Music India]]
| producer = Govind Vasantha
| prev_title = [[Thambi (2019 film)|Thambi]]
| prev_year = 2019
| year = 2020
| next_title = [[Ponmagal Vandhal]]
| next_year = 2020
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|PLOwMKZLf4qGLXJSBCuRy0HxW0MdOasjw0|Audio Jukebox}}}}
{{Singles
| name = Jaanu
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = Pranam
| single1date = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|01|21}}
| single2 = Theera (Pranam Tamil Version)
| single2date = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|01|21}}
| single3 = Oohale
| single3date = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|01|27}}
| single4 = Komma Veedi
| single4date = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|02|03}}
| single5 = Anantham
| single5date = {{Start date|df=yes|2020|02|06}}
}}
}}

[[Govind Vasantha]] is the composer of the album.

Neesitha Nyayapati writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'' said that <nowiki>''</nowiki>Prem Kumar's Sharwanand and Samantha-starrer ''Jaanu''’s OST has a whopping seven numbers all composed by Govind Vasantha who was also the composer for the original Tamil movie, 96. The album is mostly penned by Shree Mani, the OST of ''Jaanu'' sure has its moments.<nowiki>''</nowiki> The tracks ''Iravingu Theevai'', ''Anthaathi'', and ''Kaathale Kaathale'' were retained from the original film and were titled ''Komma Veedi'', ''Anantham'', and ''Oohale'' respectively. An additional Hindustani alaap sung by Chinmayi was included at the start of the song ''Oohale''. The song ''Inthena'' was created from one of the background instrumental scores of the original film (96) titled ''Eyes'' which plays during the college reunion scene.
{{track listing
| headline = Telugu Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 34:15
| title1 = The Life of Ram
| lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri]]
| extra1 = [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]]
| length1 = 6:04
| title2 = Pranam
| lyrics2 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], Goutham Bharadwaj
| length2 = 3:20
| title3 = Oohale
| lyrics3 = Sri Mani
| extra3 = Chinmayi, [[Govind Vasantha]]
| length3 = 4:55
| title5 = Nee Kale Kali
| lyrics5 = Sri Mani
| extra5 = Brinda
| length5 = 2:17
| title4 = Inthena
| lyrics4 = Sri Mani
| length4 = 5:25
| extra4 = Chinmayi
| title6 = Komma Veedi
| lyrics6 = Sri Mani
| extra6 = Chinmayi, Govind Vasantha
| length6 = 3:50
| title7 = Anantham
| lyrics7 = Sri Mani
| extra7 = Chinmayi, Govind Vasantha
| length7 = 8:24
}}
{{track listing
| headline =Tamil Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:06
| title1 = Journey
| lyrics1 = [[Karthik Netha]]
| extra1 = [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]]
| length1 = 6:04
| title2 = Theera
| lyrics2 = Karthik Netha
| extra2 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], Govind Vasantha
| length2 = 3:20
| title3 = Kanaave
| lyrics3 = Karthik Netha
| extra3 = Chinmayi
| length3 = 5:25
| title4 = Vaa
| lyrics4 = Karthik Netha
| extra4 = Aditi Bhavaraju
| length4 = 2:17
}}

== Release ==
The film was released on 7 February 2020, after being pushed back from the previously scheduled release date of 31 January 2020.<ref name="release" /> Despite being a remake, the film was dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] under the same title.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaanu 11th October 2020 - Promo 1 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEMtgjad2mA |website=[[YouTube]] | date=7 October 2020 }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Neesitha Nyayapati writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'' said "This is not a feel-good film because it’s much heftier than that" giving 3.5 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jaanu Movie Review {3.5/5}: This is not a feel-good film because it's much heftier than that |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/jaanu/movie-review/74004127.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> K Janani writing for ''[[India Today]]'' said that "director C Prem Kumar’s Jaanu is an ode to unspoken love between two people. With powerful performances, Jaanu is a faithful remake of Tamil film ''96''."

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that C Prem Kumar creates a poetic world of love, longing, and nostalgia, helped by winsome performances and music, and Jaanu, like 96, is poetic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=7 February 2020 |title='Jaanu' movie review: Sharwanand is outstanding in this Telugu remake of '96' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/jaanu-movie-review-sharwanand-is-outstanding-in-this-telugu-remake-of-96/article30760574.ece |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' said that Sharwanand, Samantha's bittersweet romance drama is heartbreakingly cathartic giving 3.25 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2020 |title=Jaanu movie review: Sharwanand, Samantha's bittersweet romance drama is heartbreakingly cathartic |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jaanu-movie-review-sharwanand-samanthas-bittersweet-romance-drama-is-heartbreakingly-cathartic-8015631.html |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

Manoj Kumar of [[The Indian Express|''The New Indian Express'']] wrote "Jaanu did not pull me in by surprise like the original Tamil movie. It felt like I was sitting in a revision class. But, I am thankful that the remake did not dishonor the memory of ''96''." Rama Kumar, writing for ''Samayam,'' said that Jaanu is faithful to its original and recreated the music of the original well giving 3 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaanu Movie Review, Rating {3/5} - జాను మూవీ రివ్యూ, శర్వానంద్,సమంత, రేటింగ్ {3/5} - Movie Review in Telugu |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/sharwanand-samanthas-jaanu-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/73999290.cms |website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref>

== Home media ==
The satellite rights of the original version were sold to [[Star Maa]] while the satellite rights to the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] dubbed version were sold to [[Star Vijay]].

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Award{{efn|Awards, festivals and organizations are in alphabetical order.}}
! scope="col"| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col"| Result
|-
! rowspan="7" scope="row"|[[Sakshi Excellence Awards]]
| rowspan="7" |17 September 2021

|Best Singer – Female
|[[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] – (for "Oohale")
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Lyricist
|[[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]] – (for "Life Of Ram")
|{{won}}
|}
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:2020 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2020 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. Prem Kumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Govind Vasantha]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Kenya]]
[[Category:Films set in schools]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kenya]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Sri Venkateswara Creations films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]

Syed Sohel

2026-03-15T05:09:49Z

Omhospital: Created a entry

{{Short description|Indian television and film actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Syed Sohel
| image = Syed Sohel in Co Confidence film scene.jpg
| caption = Syed Sohel in 2018
| birth_name = Syed Sohel Ryan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|4|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Karimnagar]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Film actor|television personality|playback singer|social activist|producer}}
| years_active = 2008{{ndash}}present
| organization = • Sohi Helping Hands • Katha Veruntadhi Productions
| known_for = ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 4]]''
}}

'''Syed Sohel Ryan''' (born 18 April 1991) is an Indian actor who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]]. He made his lead debut with the film [[Music Magic|''Music Magic'']] (2013). He also acted in television series ''Krishnaveni'' (2016). In 2020, he participated in the TV reality show ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 4]]'' as a contestant and become as a finalist.

== Early life ==
Sohel was born on 18 April 1991, he was born Hyderabad, [[Telangana]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sohel real winner Bigg Boss 4 Telugu |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/celebrities-wish-bigg-boss-telugu-4-runner-syed-sohel-his-birthday-133763 |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=m.sakshipost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-10 |title=Akhil Sarthak celebrates BFF Syed Sohel Ryan's birthday in advance; gifts him a watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/akhil-sarthak-celebrates-bff-syed-sohel-ryans-birthday-in-advance-gifts-him-a-watch/articleshow/82000559.cms |access-date=2024-01-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214233608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/akhil-sarthak-celebrates-bff-syed-sohel-ryans-birthday-in-advance-gifts-him-a-watch/articleshow/82000559.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He completed his early schooling from Silver Oaks International School, Hyderabad, India, after that, he graduated from [[Osmania University]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tfn |first=Team |date=2022-04-18 |title=HBD Sohel Ryan: The Bigg Boss Contestant's First Look As Boot Cut Balaraju Out |url=https://thetelugufilmnagar.com/2022/04/18/hbd-sohel-ryan-the-bigg-boss-contestants-first-look-as-boot-cut-balaraju-out/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Telugu Filmnagar |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925173832/https://thetelugufilmnagar.com/2022/04/18/hbd-sohel-ryan-the-bigg-boss-contestants-first-look-as-boot-cut-balaraju-out/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sohel has a younger brother Syed Sabeel and his father is Syed Salim.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-13 |title=Father's Day special show 'Thank You Dilse' fathers of Rana Daggubati, Sohel Syed Ryan and others; watch promo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/fathers-day-special-show-thank-you-dilse-fathers-of-rana-daggubati-sohel-syed-ryan-and-others-watch-promo/articleshow/92179208.cms |access-date=2024-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His mother died on 17 September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-telugu-syed-sohel-mother-passed-away-2186546|title=బిగ్‌బాస్ సొహెల్ ఇంట్లో విషాదం.. ఏమైంది? | Bigg Boss Telugu Syed Sohel Mother Passed Away | Sakshi|website=www.sakshi.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sohel began his career with a minor role in ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam]]'' (2008).<ref name="Sa"/> He made his lead debut with the film ''[[Music Magic]]'' (2013),<ref name="zoomtventertainment.com">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 contestants: Monal Gajjar, Amma Rajasekhar and more enter the Nagarjuna-hosted show |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/bigg-boss-4-contestants-list-names-and-photos-bigg-boss-telugu-4-monal-gajjar-amma-rajasekhar-and-more-enter-the-nagarjuna-hosted-show/648646 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.zoomtventertainment.com |language=en}}</ref> which is about rock music. The film was released to mixed-to-negative reviews.<ref name="T"/> He then went on to act in several low key films such as ''The Bells'' (2015), ''Cine Mahal'' (2017) and ''Konapuram Lo Jarigina Katha'' (2019).<ref name="FilmsandTelevision">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 4 Telugu Contestants Real Life Stories: Gangavva, Sohel, Harika, Avinash, All Are From Karimnagar - Sakshi |url=https://sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-4-telugu-contestants-karimnagar-1333192 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112111827/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-4-telugu-contestants-karimnagar-1333192 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=sakshi.com}}</ref><ref name="C">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2021 |title=Fan gesture leaves Syed Sohel Ryan and Ali Reza overwhelmed; watch video |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/fan-gesture-leaves-syed-sohel-ryan-and-ali-reza-overwhelmed-watch-video/articleshow/84785186.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112093525/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/fan-gesture-leaves-syed-sohel-ryan-and-ali-reza-overwhelmed-watch-video/articleshow/84785186.cms |archive-date=12 November 2022 |access-date=22 October 2024 |via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="K">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-08 |title=రెండు ఊళ్ల గొడవ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/konapuramlo-jarigina-katha-movie-pressmeet-1238345 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908065632/https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/konapuramlo-jarigina-katha-movie-pressmeet-1238345 |archive-date=2021-09-08 |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref> He acted in the daily soaps ''Pasupu Kumkuma'' (2010-2014), ''Nathicharami'' (2014-2016) and ''Krishnaveni'' (2020).<ref name="FilmsandTelevision"/><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=2021-07-01 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 fame Syed Sohel Ryan misses his Team Krishnaveni; take a look at this throwback pic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-fame-syed-sohel-ryan-misses-his-team-krishnaveni-take-a-look-at-this-throwback-pic/articleshow/84038352.cms |access-date=2024-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2022-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127164508/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-fame-syed-sohel-ryan-misses-his-team-krishnaveni-take-a-look-at-this-throwback-pic/articleshow/84038352.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He was a contestant of ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 4]]'' in 2020 before he walked out of the show with Rs. 25 [[lakh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4: Sohel accepts Rs. 25 lacs prize and walks out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-sohel-accepts-rs-25-lacs-prize-and-walks-out/articleshow/79827059.cms |access-date=2024-01-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707165324/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-4-sohel-accepts-rs-25-lacs-prize-and-walks-out/amp_articleshow/79827059.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BB">{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 4 finalist Syed Sohel Ryan's journey so far |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/web-stories/telugu/a-look-at-bigg-boss-telugu-4-finalist-syed-sohel-ryans-journey/photostory/79756912.cms |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |archive-date=2024-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130065215/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/web-stories/telugu/a-look-at-bigg-boss-telugu-4-finalist-syed-sohel-ryans-journey/photostory/79756912.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, He received the Brihaspathi Rising Star Awards at Sensational Star category for his short film contests.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsraCjKpj8w |title=Syed Sohel Received Sensational Star Award {{!}} BiggBoss Sohel {{!}} Brihaspathi Rising Star Awards |date=2021-03-29 |last=Trendy TV Originals |access-date=2025-07-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Sohel also founded "Sohi Helping Hands" and had been running various social service programs. He showed his generosity by providing essential goods as well as financial assistance to poor people during difficult times amid covid pandemic and he was honored with the Rising Star Award by ABC Foundation for his social service works.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big boss 4 fame Sohel receives rising star award|url=https://www.telugubulletin.com/big-boss-4-fame-sohel-receives-rising-star-award-134010|website=TeluguBulletin.com|date=2021-06-21|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en-US|first=T. B.|last=Staff}}</ref>

He then starred in ''[[Lucky Lakshman]]'' (2022), which released to mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vyas |title=Bigg Boss Sohel to mark his debut with this film |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bigg-boss-sohel-to-mark-his-debut-with-this-film-663502 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=The Hans India |date=24 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130055300/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bigg-boss-sohel-to-mark-his-debut-with-this-film-663502 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="L" /> Regarding his performance, a critic wrote that "Playing Lucky Lakshman, he once again established his acting prowess. The character of Lucky takes a little while to get used to, but [[It Grows on You|it grows on you]] as the film progresses, making it a successful outing for Sohel" whilst another critic wrote that "Sohel acted well in this, but the story is not set according to its potential. There is no stability in his role".<ref name="L" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/reviews/lucky-lakshman-movie-review-292120.html|title=Lucky Lakshman Movie Review: లక్కీ లక్ష్మణ్ రివ్యూ|first=ntv|last=Telugu|date=30 December 2022|website=NTV Telugu}}</ref> He then starred in ''[[Organic Mama Hybrid Alludu]]'' (2023), which was released to mixed-to-negative reviews.<ref name="O" /> A critic noted that he and the rest of the cast "do a fine job playing their characters" while bashing the film's story.<ref name="O" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cherukuri |first=Abhilasha |date=3 March 2023 |title=Organic Mama Hybrid Alludu Movie Review: This romantic drama is outdated and insipid |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2023/mar/03/organic-mama-hybrid-alludu-movie-review-this-romantic-drama-is-outdated-and-insipid-40623.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511060554/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2023/mar/03/organic-mama-hybrid-alludu-movie-review-this-romantic-drama-is-outdated-and-insipid-40623.html |archive-date=11 May 2023 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

Sohel then appeared a pregnant man in ''[[Mr. Pregnant]]'', which released to mixed reviews although his performance was termed by critics as one of the film's highlights.<ref name="T">{{Cite news |title=Mister Pregnant Movie Review : A unique exploration of male pregnancy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mister-pregnant/movie-review/102832094.cms |access-date=2024-02-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819222100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mister-pregnant/movie-review/102832094.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> One critic noted that "Syed Sohel's portrayal of Gowtham is nothing short of impressive, effectively presenting the complexities of a pregnant man" whilst another critic wrote that "the film belongs to Sohel, who carries the emotional story on his shoulders".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-18 |title=Mr Pregnant Movie Review, Rating |url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/movie-reviews/mr-pregnant-movie-review-rating-220098 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908035303/https://www.sakshipost.com/news/movie-reviews/mr-pregnant-movie-review-rating-220098 |url-status=live }}</ref> His sole release of 2024, ''[[Bootcut Balaraju]]'', was released to mixed reviews.<ref name="B">{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/bootcut-balaraju-a-heartwarming-love-tale-with-moments-of-brilliance-880905 | title=Bootcut Balaraju: A Heartwarming Love Tale with Moments of Brilliance | website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | date=3 February 2024 | access-date=4 February 2024 | archive-date=4 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204105513/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-review/bootcut-balaraju-a-heartwarming-love-tale-with-moments-of-brilliance-880905 | url-status=dead }}</ref> One critic noted that "Sohel's performance in Bootcut Balaraju is nothing short of adorable. His prowess in both comedic and emotional scenes shines through, effectively carrying the movie on his capable shoulders" whilst another critic noted that "Sohel brings a carefree charm to his role as a rural, academically disinterested youth facing ridicule".<ref name="B"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/bootcut-balaraju-movie-review-syed-sohel-ryans-film-promises-a-hearty-dose-of-laughter-review-107333032 | title=Bootcut Balaraju Movie Review: Syed Sohel Ryan's Film Promises a Hearty Dose of Laughter | website=[[Times Now]] | date=2 February 2024 | access-date=3 February 2024 | archive-date=3 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203064120/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/bootcut-balaraju-movie-review-syed-sohel-ryans-film-promises-a-hearty-dose-of-laughter-review-107333032 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/syed-sohel-ryan-bootcut-balaraju-movie-review-telugu-1940874|title=Bootcut Balaraju: బూట్‌కట్‌ బాలరాజు మూవీ రివ్యూ | Syed Sohel Ryan Bootcut Balaraju 2024 Movie Review In Telugu - Sakshi|website=sakshi.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
* ''All films are in Telugu unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Syed Sohel film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Kotha Bangaru Lokam]]''
| Balu's classmate
| rowspan="4" | Uncredited role
|<ref name="Sa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/syed-sohel-ryan-emotional-bootcut-balaraju-movie-1926130|title=ఫోన్‌ చేస్తే ఆ హీరోలు కట్‌ చేస్తున్నారు: సోహైల్‌ ఆవేదన | Syed Sohel Ryan Emotional on Bootcut Balaraju Movie | Sakshi|website=www.sakshi.com|access-date=2024-10-22|archive-date=2024-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326213900/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/syed-sohel-ryan-emotional-bootcut-balaraju-movie-1926130|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu]]''
|Rambabu's supporter
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22p6Ddh9DY0 |title=Sohel with Pawan Kalyan in Cameraman Gangato Rambabu Movie |date=2020-10-23 |last=nkrishnachandu |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
|[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu|''Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu'']]
|Wedding guest
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e75HFROwXJE |title=Sohel in sethamma vakitlo siri mallechettu movie |date=2021-10-12 |last=Himasai V |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Anthaka Mundu Aa Tarvatha]]''
|Rohit
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKA53Xlgkvk |title=Anthaku Mundhu Aa Tharuvatha - Telugu Full Movie - Sumanth Ashwin, Eesha Rebba, Madhubala, Srinivas |date=2024-10-27 |last=Zee Movies Telugu |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Music Magic]]''|| Sanjay || Debut film as lead role; credited as Rahul
|<ref name="zoomtventertainment.com"/>
|-
|''[[D for Dopidi]]''
|Rahul
|Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PwLshGL8rA |title=Sohel Ryan in D for Dopidi Movie Scene {{!}} Bigg Boss Sohel {{!}} Varun Sandesh Naveen Polishetty {{!}} Sandeep |date=2020-12-24 |last=Yernash Sri Ram |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || ''The Bells''|| Bharath / Bhagath || Dual role; credited as Ryan Rahul
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-04 |title=The Bells Telugu Movie Review |url=https://www.123telugu.com/telugu/reviews/the-bell-movie-review.html |access-date=2024-12-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|Anand's friend
|Uncredited role in "Pranaamam" and "Rock On Bro" songs
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFAiFov5pP8 |title=Janatha Garage Video Songs {{!}} Pranaamam Video Song {{!}} Jr NTR,Samantha,Nithya Menen {{!}}DSP {{!}}Pranamam Song |date=2016-10-05 |last=Lahari Music {{!}} T-Series |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa4COn3sPDY |title=Janatha Garage Video Songs {{!}} Rock On Bro Full Video Song {{!}} Jr NTR {{!}} Samantha {{!}} Nithya Menen {{!}} DSP |date=2016-09-27 |last=Lahari Music {{!}} T-Series |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''Cine Mahal'' || Vinod Babu ||
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-27 |title=Fan gesture leaves Syed Sohel Ryan and Ali Reza overwhelmed; watch video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/fan-gesture-leaves-syed-sohel-ryan-and-ali-reza-overwhelmed-watch-video/articleshow/84785186.cms |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''Super Sketch''
|Ashrith
|Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10034236/ |title=Super Sketch (2018) ⭐ 7.4 {{!}} Thriller |language=en-US |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=m.imdb.com}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''Konapuram Lo Jarigina Katha''
|Shiva
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Konapuramlo Jarigina KathaUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/konapuramlo-jarigina-katha/movieshow/71935218.cms |access-date=2024-12-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Eureka (2020 film)|Eureka]]''
|Revanth
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/eureka/movie-review/74609630.cms|title=Eureka Movie Review : A fresh college drama with minor flaws!|website=The Times of India|first=Thadhagath|last=Pathi|date=13 March 2020|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430073859/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/eureka/movie-review/74609630.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu Movie Actor Syed Sohel Ryan Biography, News, Photos, Videos|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/movie-actor/syed-sohel-ryan|website=nettv4u|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
| ''[[Lucky Lakshman]]''
|Lucky Lakshman
|
|<ref name="L">{{Cite web |title=Lucky Lakshman Movie Review |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/lucky-lakshman/movie-review/96619379.cms |access-date=2022-12-03 |archive-date=2022-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230100413/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/lucky-lakshman/movie-review/96619379.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
| ''[[Organic Mama Hybrid Alludu]]''
|Vijay
|
|<ref name="O">{{Cite news |last=Nicodemus |first=Paul |title=Organic Mama Hybrid Alludu Movie Review : Typical family entertainer; lacks novelty |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/organic-mama-hybrid-alludu/movie-review/98391819.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303140650/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/organic-mama-hybrid-alludu/movie-review/98391819.cms |archive-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mr. Pregnant]]''
|Gautham
|
|<ref name="S">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sakshipost.com/news/movie-reviews/mr-pregnant-movie-review-rating-220098|title=Mr Pregnant Movie Review, Rating|date=18 August 2023|website=Sakshi Post|access-date=9 September 2023|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908035303/https://www.sakshipost.com/news/movie-reviews/mr-pregnant-movie-review-rating-220098|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2024
| ''[[Bootcut Balaraju]]''
|Balaraju
|Also as co-producer
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anil Ravipudi Shares His Best Wishes to Bootcut Balaraju and Team |newspaper=www.thehansindia.com |date=11 December 2023 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/anil-ravipudi-shares-his-best-wishes-to-bootcut-balaraju-and-team-843693 |access-date=16 February 2024 |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217002443/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/anil-ravipudi-shares-his-best-wishes-to-bootcut-balaraju-and-team-843693 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{Pending film|Karman}}
|{{TBA}}
|Filming
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.imdb.com/it/title/tt34254949/ |title=Karman {{!}} Drammatico |language=it-IT |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=m.imdb.com}}</ref>
|}

=== Short film ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|''Motadi Pelli Choopulu''
|Harish
|Also singer of the song "Ohh Manasa"
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=QOdlujvaWQ7yoLcd&v=3CaDBZH7cNY&feature=youtu.be |title=Modati Pelli Choopulu Short Film - A Film by Harish Nagaraj |date=2016-11-23 |last=Pink Elephant Pictures |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Ohh Manasa (Full Song) - Syed Sohel Ryan, Harshita Chowdary - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |date=2016-11-23 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/ohh-manasa/BDsdVUVobVc |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Ontarini''
|Suriya
|
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=jPiatJ6o2v4odg3D&v=1VMN_h0-X8w&feature=youtu.be |title=Ontarini {{!}} Latest Telugu Short Film 2016 {{!}} by Nagendra Raju B |date=2016-12-22 |last=TeluguOne |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''Nene Kaani''
|Shiva
|
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=4Qn9KMlFTbtXP0fw&v=sCdfxMvBkoc&feature=youtu.be |title=Nene Kaani Telugu Short Film 2017 {{!}}{{!}} Directed By Srinivas Vinjanampati |date=2017-05-06 |last=iQlikchannel |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''C/o Confidence''
|Dhananjay
|
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=01mrRflAFNSulJbu&v=9ezKyZ6aUo8&feature=youtu.be |title=C/o Confidence {{!}} Latest Telugu Short Film 2018 {{!}} Directed By - B. Gangaswamy {{!}} Sohel |date=2018-02-16 |last=MSG FILMS |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Akbar Most Wanted''
|Inspector Akbar
|
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=jpEIy-6oYuCwSE6A&v=k-4Ai_pUTOQ&feature=youtu.be |title=AKBAR movie BB4 FINALIST SOHEL IN/AS AKBAR. |date=2020-12-18 |last=BHAGYANAGAR TV |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|}

=== Music video ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Co-casting
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|"Break Up Cover Song"
|Himself
|Lamya Sri Perugu
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=0Upkvmsn-Veqfmdp&v=aQ7nCXYV9uQ&feature=youtu.be |title=#Sohel Break Up Cover Song (Teliseney Na Nuvvey) {{!}} Arjun Reddy {{!}} Sohel {{!}} Eswar Reddy Gayam |date=2020-12-28 |last=Aditya Music |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|"Avarura Aa Pilla"
|[[LV Revanth]]
|Mehabob Dil Se & Amy Aela
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=-waR90s4AWAQRrGK&v=W-L_-YDZkVo&feature=youtu.be |title=Evarura Aa Pilla Original Song {{!}} Mehaboob Dil Se {{!}} Sohel {{!}} Amy Aela {{!}} Infinitum Media |date=2021-01-26 |last=Mehaboob Dil Se |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|"Maya Chesesave"
|Afroz Ali
|Lavanya Anthanna
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAYA CHESESAVE (feat. Syed Sohel Ryan, Lavanya Anthanna & CNU BEATS) - Afroz Ali: Song Lyrics, Music Videos & Concerts |url=https://www.shazam.com/song/1603451663/maya-chesesave-feat-syed-sohel-ryan-lavanya-anthanna-and-cnu-beats |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Shazam |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|"Gammat"
|Afroz Ali & Akshaya Pathipati
|Phani Poojitha
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=7Qepfr70nyj15y8Z&v=GXawMQtfW9A&feature=youtu.be |title=Gammat {{!}} Full Song {{!}} Afroz Ali {{!}} CNU beats {{!}} Syed Sohel & Phani Poojitha {{!}} Ramesh Raj {{!}} Love songs |date=2023-12-19 |last=Nivriti Vibes |access-date=2024-12-12 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| 2010{{Ndash}}2014
| ''Pasupu Kumkuma''
| Rahul
|Television drama serial on [[Zee Telugu]]
|<ref name="FilmsandTelevision" />
|-
| 2014{{Ndash}}2016
| ''Nathicharami''
| Abhi
|Television drama serial on [[Gemini TV]]
|<ref name="FilmsandTelevision" />
|-
| 2016{{Ndash}}2020
| ''Krishnaveni''
| Arjun
|Television drama serial on [[Star Maa]]
|<ref name="auto" />
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu 4]]''
| Contestant
|Reality show on [[Star Maa]]; 2nd runner up
|<ref name="BB" />
|-
|2021
|''Guntur Mirchi''
|Shravan
|Drama serial on [[YouTube]]; Special appearance
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyMbBJqHMfk |title=Guntur Mirchi Web Series {{!}} Ep - 5 {{!}} Mehaboob Dil Se {{!}} Sohel {{!}} Pranavi {{!}} Rittika {{!}} Infinitum Media |date=2021-10-12 |last=Mehaboob Dil Se |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Alitho Saradaga]]''
|Himself
|Talk show on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]; Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actor-Syed-Sohel-says-he-wants-to-suicide-in-alitho-saradaga-talk-show|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/telugu/telangana/entertainment/movie/actor-syed-sohel-says-he-wants-to-suicide-in-alitho-saradaga-talk-show/na20221215122612081081909|website=ETV Bharat News|date=2022-12-15|access-date=2025-11-28|language=te|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat}}</ref>
|-
|2021{{En dash}}2023
|''[[Sixth Sense (game show)|Sixth Sense]]''
|Himself
|Game show on [[Star Maa]]; Participant
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Telugu Tv Show Sixth Sense Season 5 Synopsis Aired On Star Maa Channel|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/telugu/tv-shows/sixth-sense-season-5|website=nettv4u|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss Telugu 9]]''
|Himself
|Reality show on [[Star Maa]]; Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=BB Telugu 9, Day 81: Ex-Housemates Stir Romance, Chaos and Competition|url=https://www.telugu360.com/bb-telugu-9-day-81-ex-housemates-stir-romance-chaos-and-competition/|website=Telugu360|date=2025-11-28|access-date=2025-11-28|language=en-US|last=nymisha}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Awards
!Category
!Works
!Result
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|Brihaspathi Rising Star Awards
|Sensational Star
|Short Films Contest
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syed Sohel Ryan received the Brihaspathi Rising Star Awards |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CNANkeuL9QK/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>
|-
|Rising Star Award by ABC Foundation
|Social Worker
|{{N/a}}
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Big boss 4 fame Sohel receives rising star award - ManaTelugu|url=https://manatelugu.com/big-boss-4-fame-sohel-receives-rising-star-award/|website=ManaTelugu.com - Daily Serials {{!}} TV Shows {{!}} Movie News|date=2021-06-21|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en-US|last=admin}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|11112074}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sohel, Syed}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Karimnagar]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]

Manan Joshi

2026-03-11T09:39:58Z

Omhospital: done.

{{Short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manan Joshi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| education = [[BTech]]
| alma_mater = Shri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic, [[Mumbai]]
| years active = 2017–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|model}}
| spouse =
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Shubh Laabh - Aapkey Ghar Mein]]''|''[[Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey]]''}}
| height =
}}

'''Manan Joshi''' is an Indian television actor<ref name="career">{{Cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=904211|title=Manan Joshi 'engineers' his entry into showbiz with 'Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey'|website=[[IANS]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/347882-Manan-Joshi-Yesha-Rughani-introduce-their-new-show-Kabhi-Kabhie-Ittefaq-Sey|title=Manan Joshi, Yesha Rughani introduce their new show 'Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey'|website=5 dariya news}}</ref> who is best known as Vaibhav Toshniwal in ''[[Shubh Laabh - Aapkey Ghar Mein]]'' and later notably as Dr. Anubhav Kulshresth in ''[[Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey]]''.

== Early life ==
Manan Joshi is originally from [[Gujarat]].<ref name="rwkkis">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kabhi-kabhie-ittefaq-sey-actor-manan-joshi-open-upon-his-journey-from-being-an-engineer-to-an-actor/articleshow/88305518.cms|title=Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey actor Manan Joshi open up about his journey from being an engineer to an actor|website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref> Before pursuing his career in acting, Joshi studied engineering from Shri Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnic, Mumbai, and completed his [[BTech]] in Mechanical Engineering.<ref name="guddan"/><ref name="rwkkis"/> After engineering he participated in theatre and several workshops, and wrote dramas and musicals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-manan-joshi-credits-theatre-background-to-his-acting-skills/407570|title=Manan Joshi Credits Theatre Background To His Acting Skills|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]}}</ref>

== Career ==
Joshi had never thought of becoming an actor until he was called by a casting agent after watching his [[Garba (dance)|garba]] performance, following which he featured in several advertisements.<ref name="rwkkis"/> He made his television debut in 2017 as Shamsher in [[Star Bharat]] series ''[[Kaal Bhairav Rahasya]]''.<ref name="rwkbr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/manan-joshi-joins-kaal-bhairav-rahasya/article_f20b1f1c-d94f-11e7-b184-f3be70ab3a96.html|title=Manan Joshi Joins 'Kaal Bhairav Rahasya'| date=4 December 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213113449/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/manan-joshi-joins-kaal-bhairav-rahasya/article_f20b1f1c-d94f-11e7-b184-f3be70ab3a96.html| archive-date=13 December 2017| website=indiawest.com}}</ref> In 2019, he played Rocky Chaubey in ''[[Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega]]''.<ref name="guddan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/guddan-tumse-na-ho-payega-holi-special-all-you-need-to-know-about-new-entrant-manan-joshi|title=Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega Holi Special: All You Need To Know About New Entrant Manan Joshi|website=[[Zee5]]}}</ref>

Post 2019, he took a break for around a year and made his comeback with [[Sony Sab]] series ''[[Shubh Laabh - Aapkey Ghar Mein]]'' as Vaibhav Toshniwal. However, he quit the series to leave for London for the shooting of a Canadian film.<ref name="rwthy">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/replacement-alert-aashay-mishra-steps-into-the-shoes-of-manan-joshi-to-play-the-male-lead-in-newly-launched-shubh-laabh/articleshow/86581119.cms|title=Replacement Alert! Aashay Mishra steps into the shoes of Manan Joshi to play the male lead in newly-launched Shubh Laabh|website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref> In 2022, Joshi played Dr. Anubhav Kulshresth opposite [[Yesha Rughani]] in ''[[Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey]]''.<ref name="rwkkis"/><ref name="career"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kabhi-kabhie-ittefaq-sey-celebrates-the-100th-episode-milestone-manan-joshi-shares-his-excitement/articleshow/91189806.cms|title='Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey' celebrates the 100th episode milestone; Manan Joshi shares his excitement|website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year(s)
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| ''[[Kaal Bhairav Rahasya]]''
| Shamsher / Sheru
|<ref name="rwkbr"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 2019
| ''[[Guddan Tumse Na Ho Payega]]''
| Rocky Chaubey
|<ref name="guddan"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 2021
| ''[[Shubh Laabh - Aapkey Ghar Mein]]''
| Vaibhav Toshniwal
|<ref name="rwthy"/>
|-
! scope="row" | 2022
| ''[[Kabhi Kabhie Ittefaq Sey]]''
| Dr. Anubhav "Anu" Kulshresth
|<ref name="rwshoot">{{Cite web |title=Yesha Rughani and Manan Joshi shoot and shop in Lucknow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yesha-rughani-and-manan-joshi-shoot-and-shop-in-lucknow/articleshow/87782088.cms |website=[[Times Of India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2023
|[[Swaraj (TV series)|''Swaraj'']]
|[[Raja Mahendra Pratap|Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh]]
|<ref>{{Citation |title=स्वराज, episode 58 {{!}}{{!}} राजा महेंद्र प्रताप सिंह {{!}}{{!}} Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v14ygr1BUUA |access-date=2023-10-06 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2023–2025
| ''[[Mann Atisundar]]''
| Divyam Bansal
|<ref>{{Citation |title=मन अतिसुंदर 27September2023 दिव्यम और राधिका को क़रीब आने से रोक पायेगी सुजाता ? Man Atisundar Promo |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8Xwm4xu63s |access-date=2023-10-01 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2025–2026
| ''[[Mangal Lakshmi]]''
| Karan Kapoor
|
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian actors]]
* [[List of Indian television actors]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=12946502}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Manan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Male actors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1993 births]]

Parchhain

2026-03-04T04:10:18Z

Omhospital: Added Initial Data Initial Version

{{Short description|1952 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Parchhain
| image = Parchhain_1952.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[V. Shantaram]]
| producer = V. Shantaram
| writer = Shams Lakhnavi
| narrator =
| starring = V. Shantaram Jayshree [[Sandhya Shantaram|Sandhya]] [[Lalita Pawar]]
| music = [[C. Ramchandra]]
| cinematography = G. Balakrishna
| editing =
| studio = [[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1952||}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Parchhain''''' (Shadow) is a 1952 [[Hindi]] romantic melodrama film directed by [[V. Shantaram]]. The production company was [[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]. The story and dialogue were by Shams Lakhnavi, with cinematography by G. Balakrishna.<ref name=upperstall>{{cite web|title=Parchhain-Cast and crew|url=http://www.upperstall.com/films/1952/parchhain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107122544/http://www.upperstall.com/films/1952/parchhain|website=Upperstall.com website|archive-date=7 November 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> Music direction was by [[C. Ramchandra]] and the lyricists was Noor Lakhnavi.<ref name=upperstall/>

The cast included V. Shantaram, Jayashree, [[Sandhya Shantaram|Sandhya]], [[Lalita Pawar]], Wasti and [[Saroj Khan]].<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|title=Parchhain (1952 film)|url=http://www.citwf.com/film262267.htm|website=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website|publisher=Alan Goble|access-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201057/http://www.citwf.com/film262267.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Parchhain'' is cited as one of the films produced by Shantaram that was of "exceptional merit".<ref name="MukherjeeKothari1995">{{cite book|author1=Bimal Mukherjee|author2=Sunil Kothari|author3=Ananda Lal|author4=Chidananda Das Gupta|title=Rasa: Theatre and cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwFlAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Anamika Kala Sangam}}</ref> The story revolves around a man who is accidentally blinded by a woman whom he falls in love with, only to lose her when he regains his sight.

==Plot==
Tired of his life, Deepak ([[V. Shantaram]]), a boat man, tries to commit suicide. However his inner voice stops him. As he's returning home he gets hit in the eye by a bullet, blinding him. The accident has been caused by Saloni (Jayshree), a young lady also called Chhoti Rani (Young Queen), while she's out on a hunt. She takes him home with the view of getting him treatment. While staying in the big mansion Deepak soon falls in love with Saloni, who reciprocates his feelings. However this is not liked by the older Queen, Badi Rani ([[Lalita Pawar]]) as she wants Saloni to marry Vinod. She sends Deepak for eye treatment with Kishori ([[Sandhya Shantaram|Sandhya]]), one of the maids in the house, whose voice is similar to Saloni's voice. Badi Rani dies, and when Saloni refuses to marry Vinod, he tries to rape her. While she's trying to escape, both are killed. On regaining his eyesight Deepak realises that Kishori, who has fallen in love with him is not Saloni. He returns to the mansion to be told about Saloni's death. He spends his days lighting a lamp on the shrine he builds for Saloni at the place where she died.

==Cast==
* [[V. Shantaram]]<ref name=citwf/><ref name=upperstall/>
* Jayashree<ref name=citwf/>
* [[Sandhya Shantaram|Sandhya]]
* Wasti
* [[Lalita Pawar]]<ref name=citwf/>
* [[Saroj Khan]]<ref name=citwf/>
* [[Asit Baran]]
* Nimbalkar
* G. Nirula

==Crew==
* Production Company: [[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]<ref name=citwf/>
* Director: [[V. Shantaram]]<ref name=citwf/><ref name=upperstall/>
* Story: Shams Lakhnavi
* Dialogues: Shams Lakhnavi
* Cinematography: G. Balakrishna
* Music: [[C. Ramchandra]]<ref name=upperstall/>
* Lyricist: Noor Lakhnavi<ref name=upperstall/>
* Background Music: [[Vasant Desai]]
* Art Direction: P.S. Kale
* Sound: A.K. Parmar
* Choreographer: Natraj - Arjun Desai

==Soundtrack==
[[C. Ramchandra]] composed the music for the film while [[Vasant Desai]] gave the background music.<ref name="Bharatan2010">{{cite book|author=Raju Bharatan|title=A Journey Down Melody Lane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnxABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT135|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-05-0|pages=135–}}</ref><ref name="IWofIndia">{{cite book|title=film Parchhain (page 39)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGc6AQAAIAAJ&q=Parchhain+ |volume=99|date=July 1978}}</ref> The popular songs from the film were "Mohabbat Hi Na Jo Samjhe, Woh Zalim Pyar Kya Jane", the solo by [[Talat Mahmood]] and the duet by [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Talat Mahmood]], "Apni Kaho, Kuch Meri Suno".

The lyrics were written by Noor Lakhnavi and playback singers were [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Talat Mahmood]].<ref name=upperstall/>

===Song list===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Ae Dard-E-Jigar"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Chanda Ki Chhaon Mein"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Dub Jaye Jo Kismat Ka Tara"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Katte Hai Dukh Mein Yeh Din"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Sukh Le Gayo, Dukh De Gayo"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Apni Kaho, Kuch Meri Suno, Kya Dil Ka Lagana Bhul Gaye"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Dil Dil Se Keh Raha Hai, Jo Tu Hai, Wohi Main Hoon"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Talat Mahmood
|-
| "Kisi Ne Mujhko Mere Ghar Mein Aake Loot Liya"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Talat Mahmood
|-
| "Mohabbat Hi Na Jo Samjhe, Woh Zalim Pyar Kya Jaane"
| Talat Mahmood
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt0358004|title=Parchhain}}

{{V. Shantaram}}

[[Category:1952 films]]
[[Category:1952 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Shantaram]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1952 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1950s melodrama films]]

Zee Cine Critics Award for Best Actor – Female

2026-03-03T13:09:00Z

Omhospital: expanded citations for clarity to improve readability

{{Short description|Film award in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox award
| name = [[Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine Critics Award]] for Best Actress
| image = Kriti Sanon at Adipurush pre release event (2) (cropped).jpg
| caption = The 2026 recipient: [[Kriti Sanon]]
| awarded_for = Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role
| presenter = ''[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee]]''
| country = India
| year = [[Aishwariya Rai]], [[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]] (2005)
| holder = [[Kriti Sanon]], ''[[Tere Ishk Mein]]'' (2026)
| website =
}}

The '''Zee Cine Critics Award - Best Actress''' is chosen by a jury organized by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]. It is a category of ''Zee Cine Award'' for the [[Bollywood|Hindi film industry]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2017-get-ready-to-welcome-2018-with-priyanka-katrina-shahid-ranveer-4259559.html|title=Zee Cine Awards 2017: Get ready to welcome 2018 with Priyanka, Katrina, Shahid, Ranveer|work=Firstpost|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2017/dec/13/rohit-shetty-sunil-grover-to-co-host-awards-show-1726526.html|title=Rohit Shetty, Sunil Grover to co-host awards show|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-zee-cine-awards-2018-raees-to-judwaa-2-here-s-the-full-nomination-list-2566068|title=Zee Cine Awards 2018 {{!}} 'Raees' to 'Judwaa 2': Here's the full nomination list!|date=2017-12-08|work=dna|access-date=2017-12-17|language=en-US}}</ref> They were instituted in November 1997 to award "Excellence in cinema - the democratic way".<ref>{{cite web |title=Zee launches cine awards |url=http://www.screenindia.com/nov28/bolly1.htm |website=Screen |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020424005940/http://www.screenindia.com/nov28/bolly1.htm#zee |archive-date=24 April 2002 |date=November 1997}}</ref>

They were first held in Mumbai until 2004, when the ZCA went international and had their ceremony in [[Dubai]], and in following years in [[London]], [[Mauritius]], [[Malaysia]], and London again in 2008. It was not held in 2009 and 2010, but resumed in 2011, being held in [[Singapore]] in 2012 it was held at the [[CotaiArena]] in [[Macao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2012-to-be-held-in-macau_100787.htm |title=Zee Cine Awards 2012 to be held in Macau |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |access-date=2014-06-24}}</ref> The 2018 edition was held at MMRDA Grounds, Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/zee-cine-awards-2018-complete-winners-list-shah-rukh-khan-priyanka-chopra-amitabh-bachchan-akshay-kumar-walk-home-with-the-trophy-2815753/|title=Zee Cine Awards 2018 Winners: SRK, Priyanka Chopra, Akshay Kumar, Alia Bhatt And More |work=india.com|access-date=2018-07-17}}</ref>

== Multiple wins ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Wins
!Recipient
|-
|2
|[[Aishwarya Rai]], [[Vidya Balan]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Alia Bhatt]], [[Kriti Sanon]]
|}

== Winners ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Actress(es)
! Film(s)
|-
| 2005
| [[Aishwarya Rai]]
| ''[[Raincoat (film)|Raincoat]]''
|-
| 2006
| [[Shweta Prasad]]
| ''[[Iqbal (film)|Iqbal]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
| [[Ayesha Takia]]
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Dor (film)|Dor]]''
|-
| [[Gul Panag]]
|-
| 2008
| [[Shefali Shah]]
| ''[[Gandhi, My Father]]''
|-
| 2009
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ''Not held''
|-
| 2010
|-
| 2011
| [[Aishwarya Rai]]
| ''[[Guzaarish (2010 film)|Guzaarish]]''
|-
| 2012
| rowspan="2" | [[Vidya Balan]]
| ''[[The Dirty Picture]]''
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Kahaani]]''
|-
| 2014
| [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
| ''[[Lootera]]''
|-
| 2015
| [[Katrina Kaif]]
| ''[[Bang Bang!]]''
|-
| 2016
| [[Deepika Padukone]]
| ''[[Piku]]''
|-
| 2017
| [[Alia Bhatt]]
| ''[[Udta Punjab]]''
|-
| 2018
| [[Sridevi]]
| ''[[Mom (film)|Mom]]''
|-
| 2019
| [[Deepika Padukone]]
| ''[[Padmaavat]]''
|-
| 2020
| [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| ''[[Badla (2019 film)|Badla]]''
|-
| 2021
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ''Not held''
|-
| 2022
|-
| 2023
| [[Alia Bhatt]]
| ''[[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]''
|-
| 2024
| [[Rani Mukerji]]
| ''[[Mrs Chatterjee vs Norway]]''
|-
| 2025
| rowspan="2" | [[Kriti Sanon]]
| ''[[Teri Baaton Mein Aisa Uljha Jiya]]''
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Tere Ishk Mein]]''
|}

==See also==
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorFemale}}
{{Zee Cine Awards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ZeeCineCriticsAwardBestActorFemale}}
[[Category:Awards for actresses]]
[[Category:International film awards]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards]]

Kadhale Jayam

2026-03-03T04:31:15Z

Omhospital: Added initial article from scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Kadhale Jayam.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = V. Natarajan
| producer = V. Natarajan Rajma Natarajan Neela Natarajan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*V. Natarajan
*[[Sudeep Sarangi|Sudeep]]
*[[Swathi (actress)|Swathika]]
*[[Preethi Varma]]
}}
| cinematography = Sai Natraj
| music = [[Soundaryan]]
| studio = Natajaran Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|7|30}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Kadhale Jayam''''' ({{Translation|Love is victorious}}) is a 2004 Indian Tamil-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by V. Natarajan starring himself, [[Sudeep Sarangi|Sudeep]], [[Swathi (actress)|Swathika]] and [[Preethi Varma]].

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*V. Natarajan as Nataraj
*[[Sudeep Sarangi|Sudeep]] as Aravind
*[[Swathi (actress)|Swathika]] as Chitra
*[[Preethi Varma]] as Vijayalakshmi a.k.a. Viji
*[[Vadivelu]] as Pachaikaalai
*Sneha Nambiar
*[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Nataraj's mother
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Tea Shop Owner
*[[O. A. K. Sundar]]
*[[Vasu Vikram]] as Viji's father
*[[Bonda Mani]] as Mani
*[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]]
*[[Vengal Rao]]
*[[Halwa Vasu]]
*[[Singamuthu]]
*Gowthami Vembunathan
*[[Madhan Bob]]
*Vijay Ganesh
*[[Kadhal Sukumar]]
*[[Chelladurai]]
*[[Theni Kunjarammal]]
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]]
}}

== Production ==
V. Natarajan, a [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] businessman, directed, acted and produced the film under his banner Natarajan Films with [[Sudeep Sarangi|Sudeep]], Swatika and [[Preethi Varma]] in other roles.<ref name="Chennaionline" /> [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]] (changed her name to Swathika for the film), was supposed to play the heroine according to director Natarajan but was given an irrelevant character while Preeti Varma was cast as the heroine. She was mad at the makers of the film for not including her in the film's promotions.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[Soundaryan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=பாடல்கள் பலவிதம் |url=https://groups.google.com/g/panbudan/c/aAPIGfj_i2k |website=Google Groups |language=ta |quote=செளந்தர்யன் மேலும் சில படங்களுக்கு இசையமைத்தார், சிந்துநதிப்பூ கொஞ்சம் பரவாயில்லை. மற்ற படங்கள் சொல்லிக் கொள்ளும் படி இல்லை . அன்பு தொல்லை, நெருப்பு, நானும் ஒரு பெண், முதல் ஆசை, வீரண்ணா, அந்த நாள், காதலே ஜெயம் |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421042646/https://groups.google.com/g/panbudan/c/aAPIGfj_i2k |url-status=live }}</ref> Lyrics by V. Natarajan.
*"En Manathu Oram"
*"Chellapa Chellapa"
*"Sight Adicha"
*"Jigu Jigu"

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote that "But the film has turned out to be not so bad, with a fairly tolerable script and treatment, and with Natarajan playing his role with sincerity. [...] Swatika, neglected by the industry, performs fairly competently her role as Chitra who holds a torch for boss Nataraj. Vadivelu's comedy is enjoyable and is much better than in many of his earlier films".<ref name="Chennaionline">{{Cite web |last=Malini Mannath |date=4 August 2004 |title=Kadhalay Jayam |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/moviereviews/tammov356.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016072850/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/moviereviews/tammov356.asp |archive-date=16 October 2006 |website=ChennaiOnline}}</ref>

The film is occasionally shown on [[Raj TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2010 |title=டிவி' நிகழ்ச்சிகள் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/district_detail.asp?id=112348 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421042634/https://www.dinamalar.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=சின்னத்திரையில் இன்றைய (அக்டோபர் 27) திரைப்படங்கள் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/today-movies-on-the-tv-channel/articleshow/87297121.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] Samayam |language=ta |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717074615/https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/news/today-movies-on-the-tv-channel/articleshow/87297121.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> After this film, Natarajan was to make a film with a leading Tamil actor, but no film ever materialised.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2005 |title=( 18ம் பக்கத் தொடர்ச்சி ) |url=https://www.noolaham.net/project/22/2147/2147.pdf |website=Vaikarai |page=17 |language=ta |quote='காதலே ஜெயம்' என்ற படத்தைத் தானேதயாரித்து இயக்கி, நாயகனாக நடித்துக்காயப்பட்ட நடராஜ், தற்போதுமுன்னணி நாயகர்களிடம் தேதி கேட்டுஅலைந்து வருகிறார். |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=12 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712195302/https://www.noolaham.net/project/22/2147/2147.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Natajaran later produced and starred in the low-key film ''Gaja'' (2009) under the stage name of V. N. R.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=கஜா |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=120 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717071944/https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=120 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2004 Indian films]]
[[Category:2004 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Soundaryan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]

Kali Charan Saraf

2026-02-25T12:20:28Z

Omhospital:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kali Charan Saraf
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|08|07}}
| birth_place = [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, India
| office1 = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = Johri Bazar
| term_start1 = 1985
| term_end1 = 2008
| office2 = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Malviya Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malviya Nagar]]
| term_start2 = 2008
| term_end2 = Incumbent
| office3 = Protem Speaker of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = December 2023
| term_end3 = December 2023
| office4 = Minister of State (Independent Charge), Rajasthan Government
| term_start4 = 2 July 1998
| term_end4 = 30 November 1998
| office5 = Cabinet Minister, Rajasthan Government
| term_start5 = 24 December 2007
| term_end5 = 10 December 2008
| office6 = Cabinet Minister, Rajasthan Government
| term_start6 = 20 December 2013
| term_end6 = 17 December 2018
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Alka Saraf
| children = 2 sons, 1 daughter
| nationality =
| education = B.Com. and LL.B., [[University of Rajasthan]], Jaipur
}}

'''Kali Charan Saraf''' (born 7 August 1951) is an Indian politician from Rajasthan. He is a senior leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and a Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Malviya Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malviya Nagar]] constituency in [[Jaipur]]. Saraf has been elected as an MLA eight times, marking a long-standing career in state politics.<ref name="ndtv2023">{{cite web |title=Who is Kali Charan Saraf? Know everything from his political journey to net worth |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/who-is-kalicharan-saraf-protem-speaker-of-rajasthan-assembly-know-everything-from-his-political-journey-to-net-worth-4696914 |website=NDTV Rajasthan |date=20 December 2023 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

He served as Minister for Medical and Health, Medical Education, Ayurveda, and Indian Medical Methods in the [[Vasundhara Raje]] cabinet.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kali Charan Saraf takes charge of medical education portfolio |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/Saraf-takes-charge-of-medical-education-portfolio/articleshow/27608335.cms |work=The Times of India |date=17 December 2013 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>

In December 2023, Saraf was appointed the Protem Speaker of the 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, responsible for administering the oath of office to newly elected members.<ref name="ndtv2023" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Welcome & congratulations to Kali Charan Saraf, 8-time MLA |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/welcome-congratulation-to-kalicharan-saraf-who-became-mla-for-the-8th-time-132305747.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=20 December 2023 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref><ref>https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/who-is-kalicharan-saraf-protem-speaker-of-rajasthan-assembly-know-everything-from-his-political-journey-to-net-worth-4696914</ref>

== Political career ==
Kali Charan Saraf entered politics through student leadership and was elected President of the Students’ Union at the [[University of Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Sebastian | first=Sunny | title=A large number of former student leaders make it to Rajasthan Assembly | website=The Hindu | date=26 December 2008 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/A-large-number-of-former-student-leaders-make-it-to-Rajasthan-Assembly/article15368091.ece | access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> He has represented multiple constituencies over the years, including Adarsh Nagar before contesting from Malviya Nagar since 2008.

In the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, Saraf won from Malviya Nagar by defeating Indian National Congress candidate Archana Sharma.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malviya Nagar Chunav Result: Kali Charan Saraf defeats Archana Sharma |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/rajasthan/story-malviya-nagar-chunav-result-live-kalicharan-saraf-archana-sharma-rajasthan-election-update-9019241.html |website=Live Hindustan |date=3 December 2023 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>
== Electoral record ==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align: center;"
|+ Election results
! Year !! Office !! Constituency !! Votes !! % !! Opponent !! Opponent Votes !! Opponent % !! Result !! Ref
|-
| [[1985_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|1985]] || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] || Johri Bazar || 28,198 || 42.27 || Takiudin Ahmed ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 25,646 || 38.45 || {{Won}} || [https://www.electiontak.in/polls/rajasthan/constitueny/johribazar-1985-S20_42]
|-
| [[1990_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|1990]] || MLA || Johri Bazar || 61,132 || 58.86 || Syed Ahmad Khan ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 36,257 || 34.91 || {{Won}} || [https://rajasthanlink.com/VanuDetails/jaipur/assembly-10/1237/kalicharan-saraf-mla-malviya-nagar]
|-
| [[1993_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|1993]] || MLA || Johri Bazar || 71,017 || 56.16 || Raj Kumar Kala ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 47,685 || 37.71 || {{Won}} || [https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1993-election-results.html]
|-
| [[1998_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|1998]] || MLA || Johri Bazar || 67,095 || 46.69 || Taqiuddin Ahmed ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 70,208 || 48.86 || {{Lost}} || [https://www.electiontak.in/polls/rajasthan/constitueny/johribazar-1998-S20_42]
|-
| [[2003_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|2003]] || MLA || Johri Bazar || 88,016 || 54.14 || Shah Ikramuddin ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 62,277 || 38.31 || {{Won}} || [https://election.rajasthan.gov.in/acanalysis/ac42.htm]
|-
| [[2008_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|2008]] || MLA || [[Malviya_Nagar,_Rajasthan_Assembly_constituency|Malviya Nagar]] || 62,011 || 54.18 || Rajiv Arora ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 44,453 || 38.84 || {{Won}} || [https://election.rajasthan.gov.in/VidhanSabha%202008%20pdf/A054.pdf]
|-
| [[2013_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|2013]] || MLA || Malviya Nagar || 89,974 || 65.02 || Dr Archana Sharma ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 41,256 || 29.82 || {{Won}} || [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/malviya-nagar TOI]
|-
| [[2018_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|2018]] || MLA || Malviya Nagar || 70,221 || 48.17 || Dr Archana Sharma ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 68,517 || 47.00 || {{Won}} || [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/malviya-nagar TOI]
|-
| [[2023_Rajasthan_Legislative_Assembly_election|2023]] || MLA || Malviya Nagar || 92,506 || 60.62 || Dr Archana Sharma ([[Indian_National_Congress|INC]]) || 57,012 || 37.36 || {{Won}} || [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/malviya-nagar TOI]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saraf, Kali Charan}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Health ministers of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Rohtak Municipal Corporation

2026-02-18T10:17:50Z

Omhospital:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Rohtak, Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Rohtak Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| transcription_name =
| logo_pic =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = {{start date and age|1993}}
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader1 = Ram Avtar Singh
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election1 = March 2025
| leader2_type = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Dharmender Singh
| party3 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| election3 =
| seats = '''22'''
| structure1_res = 275px
| structure1 = India Rohtak, Haryana Municipal Corporation 2025.svg
| political_groups1 =
'''[[Municipal corporation (India)|Government]] (14)'''
:*{{Colour box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (14)
'''Opposition (2)'''
:*{{Colour box|#00BFFF}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (2)
'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Others]] (6)'''
:*{{Colour box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (6)
| term_length = 5 years
| authority =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 = [[2025 Haryana local elections|2 March 2025]]
| next_election1 = 2030
| motto =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Rohtak Municipal Corporation''' is the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] governing [[India|Indian]] city of [[Rohtak]]. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Rohtak Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]].

== History and administration ==

Rohtak Municipal Corporation was formed in to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population.<ref name="ro3">{{cite news |title=Rohtak government offices to be relocated, says Haryana chie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/rohtak-govt-offices-to-be-relocated-chief-secy/articleshow/91697973.cms |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=timesofindia.com |date=21 May 2022}}</ref> Rohtak Corporation has been categorised into 22 wards,<ref name="ro2">{{cite news |title=Of 16 general category wards, Jats capture 9 in Rohtak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/of-16-general-category-wards-jats-capture-9-in-rohtak/articleshow/67190247.cms |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=21 December 2018}}</ref> and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.

Rohtak Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor Sh. Man Mohan Goel and administered by Municipal Commissioner Rajeev Ranjan, IAS.<ref name="ro1">{{cite news |title=Haryana Chief Secretary Sanjeev Kaushal reviews plan to decongest Rohtak |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/cs-reviews-plan-to-decongest-rohtak-396654 |access-date=25 May 2022 |publisher=tribuneindia.com |date=20 May 2022}}</ref>

== Functions ==
Rohtak Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="ro9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="ro10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .

* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.

* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.

* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial,residential and industrial purposes.

* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.

* Creation of solid waste management,public health system and sanitary services.

* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.

* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped,old age and gender biased people.

* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="ro11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ro12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ro13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

== See also ==
* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://mcrohtak.gov.in/ Official Website]
{{Municipalities of Haryana}}
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rohtak]]

S. Sambhu Prasad

2026-02-10T03:12:58Z

Omhospital: rework references after review for accuracy

{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Sivalenka Sambhu Prasad
|image = Sambhu Prasad S with hid wife Smt Kamkshamma and their Pet Dog Tchaikovsky.jpg
|image_size = 250px
|caption = Sivalenka Sambhu Prasad with his wife Smt Kamakshamma and their pet dog in early years
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1911|01|26}}
|birth_place = Yelakurru, [[Krishna District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1972|06|08|1911|01|26}}
|death_place = Chennai, India
|death_cause =
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|other_names = Ayyavaru
|known_for =
|education =
|alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Santiniketan]]|Viswa Bharathi University}}
|employer =
|occupation = Journalist, Owner of Amrtunajan Brand and Company (Pain) Balm and [[Andhra Patrika|Andhra Patrika Group]], Member of Parliament, Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council
|title =
|height =
|term =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|party = Indian National Congress
|boards =
|spouse = Kamakshamma
|partner =
|children =
|father = S. Sivabrahmam
|relatives =
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Sivalenka Sambhu Prasad''' (26 January 1911 – 8 June 1972)<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Sivalenka Sambhu Prasad Birth Centennary Souvenir ( Telugu)|year=2011|publisher=Pasumarthi Nageswaramma and Dr Pasumarthi Sayanarayana Murthy|location=Hyderabad|pages=88}}</ref> was a journalist and [[Indian National Congress]] politician, who took over the Daily News Paper [[Andhra Patrika]] (Daily Telugu language Newspaper), Andhra Sachitra Vara Patrika (Telugu Language Weekly Magazine) and Bharathi (Telugu Language Monthly covering classical Literature) which were published from Chennai City (then Madras) which was the capital of Composite State of Madras (Madras Presidency) from his father-in-law [[Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao]], the founder of Andhra Patrika group of publications in 1903, inventor of "[[Amrutanjan (balm)|Amrutanjan]]", a pain balm with natural ingredients, in 1893 and a freedom-fighter. After taking over he led the group of publications from 1938 to 1972. Rao also bequeathed all properties and Amrutanjan business to Sambhu Prasad, which he ran along with publications. During Sambhu Prasad's lifetime there were many important events in India, including the [[Second World War]], the [[Independence of India]], and much of the life, and the death, of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He was called "Ayyavaru" (Teacher and Guru) by his employees.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mullapudi|first=Venkataramana|title=Kadamba Ramaneeyam -1 (Vol IV)|publisher=Visalandhra Publishing House - Reprinted from Andhra Sachitra Vara Patrika ( Weekly -Telugu Velugulu Article) of 11 August 1972|location=Hyderabad, Vijayawada|pages=291 ( Ayyavaru at Pages 189 to 194)}}</ref><ref name="Andhra Patrika Charitra" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Mullapudi|first=Venkata Ramana|title=Kothi Kommachi ( Vol1), Inkothi Kommachi ( Vol2) Mukkothi Kommachi ( Vol3)|year=2009–2010|publisher=Haasam Prachranalu ( Publications), Hyderabad|url=http://kothikommachi.com/|archive-date=21 September 2017|access-date=30 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921035947/http://kothikommachi.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The centenary of his birth was celebrated in 2011 by a function was attended by dignitaries and journalists, including Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh [[Konijeti Rosaiah]].<ref>{{cite web| title = 'Journalism no more the same' | website=[[The Hindu]] | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article2100862.ece | accessdate = 2011-06-13}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Sambhu Prasad was born to S. Sivabrahmam in the then [[Madras Presidency]]. They are the followers of Srouta saivam. He graduated from the Viswa Bharathi University and joined the [[Indian independence movement]]. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.

== Education ==
Sivalenka Sambhuprasad graduated from the [[Santiniketan]] school founded by [[Rabindranath Tagore]].

== Member of Parliament ==
Sambhu Prasad was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1952 and served from 3 April 1952 to 2 April 1956. He subsequently served a term in the Legislative Council of Andhra Pradesh States.<ref name="Andhra Patrika Charitra" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Legislative Council of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2007/04/01/ap-legislative-council-come-up-apr-2.html|access-date=16 September 2012}}</ref>

== Personal ==
Sambhu Prasad married Kamakshamma. They had two sons and three daughters.

== Death ==

<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Sivalinga Sambhu Prasad Birth Centennary Souvenir|year=2011|publisher=Pasumarthi Nageswaramma and Pasumarthi Satyanarayana Murthy|location=Hyderabad|pages=88}}</ref> Sambhu Prasad died on Thursday 8 June 1972 at Chennai.
<ref name="Andhra Patrika Charitra">{{cite book|last=C V|first=Raja Gopala Rao|title=Andhra Patrika Charitra|year=2004|publisher=Press Academy of Andhra Pradesh|pages=327}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{cite web|title=Rajya Sabha Biography|publisher=Parliament of India|url=http://rajyasabha.gov.in/whoswho/previous_member/biograp_sketc_1f.htm}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sambhu, Prasad}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]

Kavungal Chathunni Panicker

2026-01-12T04:24:50Z

Omhospital: Added initial article v1

{{Short description|Indian classical dancer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kavungal Chathunni Panicker
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1922
| birth_place = [[Thichur]], [[Vadakkancherry]], India
| death_date = 27 November 2007
| death_place = Erumappetty, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Classical dancer
| yearsactive = 1936-?
| known for = [[Kathakali]]
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] [[Kerala State]] Kathakali Award [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] Fellowship [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] Gujarat Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
}}
[[File:Kathakali BNC.jpg|thumb|260px|A Kathakali performer]]
'''Kavungal Chathunni Panicker''' (1922-2007) was an Indian [[Indian classical dance|classical dancer]], known for his proficiency in [[Kathakali]], the traditional dance form of Kerala. He was an exponent of the ''Kavungal School of Kathakali'' (''Kavungal Kalari''), noted for its rigorous training methods<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/kathakali-exponent-dead/article1958561.ece | title=Kathakali exponent dead | newspaper=The Hindu | date=30 November 2007 | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> and overt physical interpretation of [[abhinaya]].<ref name="Charismatic portrayals">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/article2275854.ece | title=Charismatic portrayals | newspaper=The Hindu | date=23 December 2007 | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> He is known to have brought innovations to the dance form, especially in the decorative movements (''kalasam'')<ref name="Your Article Library">{{cite web | url=http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/kathakali-a-classical-dance-forms-of-india/24358/ | title=Your Article Library | publisher=Your Article Library | date=2014 | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> and his contributions are reported in the development of grammar and costumes for the Kavungal School.<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{cite news | url=http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/131001/news-current-affairs/article/book-set-relive-glorious-past-kavungal-artistes | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227214018/http://archives.deccanchronicle.com/131001/news-current-affairs/article/book-set-relive-glorious-past-kavungal-artistes | archive-date=27 December 2014 | title=Book set to relive glorious past of Kavungal artistes | first=Hiran | last=Unnikrishnan | newspaper=Deccan Chronicle | date=1 October 2013 | access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> A recipient of the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1973,<ref name="SNA">{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |title=SNA |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |date=2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204253/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/awardeeslist.htm |archive-date=30 May 2015 }}</ref> Panicker was honored again by the [[Government of India]], in 2006, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Padma Awards |date=2014 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

==Biography==
{{quotebox|align = right|width=21em|''Secondary characters were criticised often by Kathakali scholars, they attained the significance of perfected lead roles when Chathunni Panicker handled them,'' writes K. P. S. Menon, renowned art historian.<ref name="A Dictionary of Kathakali">{{cite book | title=A Dictionary of Kathakali | publisher=Orient Longman | author=K. P. S. Menon | year=1997 | pages=80 | isbn=978-8125012320}}</ref>}}
Kavungal Chathunni Panicker was born in 1922 in the small hamlet of [[Thichur]], near [[Vadakkancherry]] in [[Thrissur district]] in the South Indian state of Kerala.<ref name="Oxford Reference">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Panicker, Kavungal Chathunni | encyclopedia=TheOxford Companion to Indian Theatre | publisher=Oxford University Press | access-date=27 December 2014 | editor=Ananda Lal | year=2011 | url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0462 | isbn=9780199861248}}</ref><ref name="Bhavalaya">{{cite web | url=http://www.bhavalaya.com/art%20and%20culture/famous_kathakali_artists.html | title=Bhavalaya | publisher=Bhavalaya | date=2014 | access-date=27 December 2014 | archive-date=3 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903070032/http://www.bhavalaya.com/art%20and%20culture/famous_kathakali_artists.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> He started learning Kathakali in 1933, at the age of eleven, under the tutelage of Sankara Panicker, his uncle, where he stayed for three years and later under Katambur Gopalan Nair. His debut performance was in 1936 at the age of 14.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /> In six years time, aged 20, Panicker formed his own troupe.<ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Bhavalaya" />

In 1947, Panicker and his troupe rendered a performance in [[Ooty]], a hill station in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] where he had the opportunity to meet [[Vikram Sarabhai]], Indian scientist and his wife, [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], renowned classical dancer and the founder of [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]], Ahmedabad.<ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /> The next year, Panicker received invitation from Mrinalini Sarabhai to join the institution as its principal. He accepted the offer and stayed with Darpana till his retirement in 1985.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /> The association assisted him to travel with the group, perform at various countries around the world and associate with the group's experimental productions such as ''Manushyan''.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Bhavalaya" /> He continued his kathakali performance during his stint at Ahmedabad and is known to have had several notable performances such as Hanuman in ''Kalyana Saugandhikam'' and ''Thoranayudham'', Raudrabhima in ''Duryodhana Vadham'' and Kattala (Hunter) in [[Nalacharitham]] and ''Kiratham''.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Bhavalaya" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" />

After returning to Kerala, he tried to found a school for kathakali, but suffered a stroke which incapacitated him, leaving the effort unfinished.<ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/obits07.html | title=Narthaki Obituary | publisher=Narthaki | date=2007 | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="The last from the Kavungal clan">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/08/16/stories/2004081601020200.htm | archive-url=https://archive.today/20141227065145/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/08/16/stories/2004081601020200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=27 December 2014 | title=The last from the Kavungal clan | date=16 August 2004 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> Chathunni Panicker died on 29 November 2007, succumbing to illnesses that dogged him for three months, at a hospital in Erumapetty, near his native village of Thichur, leaving his wife, their two children<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" /> and many of his disciples.<ref name="Cyber Kerala">{{cite web | url=http://www.cyberkerala.com/kathakali/artists/govindan.htm | title=Cyber Kerala | publisher=Cyber Kerala | date=2014 | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref>

==Awards and recognitions==
Chathunni Panicker received the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] from the [[Government of India]] in 1973.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="SNA" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" /><ref name="The last from the Kavungal clan" /><ref name="Narthaki">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/snippets/snipjul6.html | title=Narthaki | publisher=Narthaki | date=2014 | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> This was followed by the [[Gujarat State]] Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and [[Kerala Kalamandalam]] Fellowship.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" /><ref name="The last from the Kavungal clan" /> [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] in 2003.<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" /><ref name="Narthaki" /><ref name="Akademi fellowships announced">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/01/18/stories/2004011801910500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221201006/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/01/18/stories/2004011801910500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 December 2016 | title=Akademi fellowships announced | date=18 January 2004 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> The next year, in 2004, he received ''Kerala State Kathakali Award'' from the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" /><ref name="The last from the Kavungal clan" /> Panicker, who is reported to have been presented an amulet and medal by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], former [[Prime Minister of India]],<ref name="The last from the Kavungal clan" /> was included in the [[Indian honours system|Republic Day honours]] list by the [[Government of India]], in 2006, for the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Kathakali exponent dead" /><ref name="Charismatic portrayals" /><ref name="Narthaki Obituary" />

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Kathakali]]
* [[Indian classical dance]]
{{div col end}}
{{Portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lzj1bPGGq4 | title=Kavungal Chathunni Panicker | publisher=[[YouTube]] | date=12 October 2012 | medium=Performance from personal collection}}
* {{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzBBC5zP5E0 | title=Lavanasuravadham - Kavungal Chathunni Panikkar as Hanuman | publisher=[[YouTube]] | date=27 October 2012 | medium=Stage performance}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Winners of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panicker, Kavungal Chathunni}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Kathakali dancers]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]

Kanthirava Narasaraja I

2026-01-06T03:53:20Z

Omhospital: rework article per sources and fixed typos per standard format

{{Short description|Maharaja of Mysore from 1638 to 1659}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{For|the 1960 fim|Ranadheera Kanteerava}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Kanthirava Narasaraja I
| image = Kanthirava.jpg
| caption = Kanthirava Naurasaraja I, ruler of the principality of Mysore, 1638–1659.
| succession = [[Maharaja of Mysore]]
| reign = 8 October 1638 – 31 July 1659
| predecessor = [[Raja Wodeyar II]]
| successor = [[Dodda Kempadevaraja]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1615|05|02|df=yes}}<ref name="k918">{{cite web | last=Rao | first=C. Hayavadana | title=History of Mysore (1399-1799 A.D.) | url=https://dn721600.ca.archive.org/0/items/HistoryOfMysore13991799AD/218417_History_Of_Mysore_1399-1799_A_D.pdf | access-date=6 January 2026}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1659|07|31|1615|05|02|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| spouse =
| issue =
| full name = Ranadhira Kanteerava Narasa Raja Wodeyar
| father = Bettada Chamaraja
| mother =
| religion = [[Hindu]]
| royal house = [[Wodeyar]]
| image_size = 200px
}}

'''Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar I''' (2 May 1615 – 31 July 1659) was the twelfth [[Maharaja of Mysore|maharaja]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] from 1638 until his death in 1659.

==Accession==
The previous ruler, [[Raja Wodeyar II]], Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar's cousin, was poisoned on the orders of his ''dalvoy'' (commander-in-chief), Vikramaraya, within a year of becoming the maharaja.<ref name=igimc-20>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series|1908|p=20}}</ref> The 23-year-old Kanthirava Narasaraja I, who had earlier been adopted by the widow of [[Raja Wodeyar I]], became, in 1638, the new ''maharaja'' of Mysore. Before becoming the king of Mysore, he lived in Terakanambi near Gundalpet, Chamarajanagar District.<ref name=igimc-20/>

== Reign ==
Soon after his accession, he was called on to defend [[Srirangapatna]] against the invasions of the [[Adil Shahi]]s of [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]], a defence which he mounted with great loss for the enemy.<ref>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series|1908|p=20}}, {{Harvnb|Michell|1995|p=20}}</ref> In the fashion of the two ''wodeyars'' before him, he continued to expand the Mysore dominions.<ref name="igimc-20" /> This included taking [[Satyamangalam]] from the [[Madurai Nayak Dynasty|Nayaks of Madurai]] in the south, unseating the Chingalvas from their base in [[Piriyapatna]] in the west, gaining possession of [[Hosur]] (near [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]) to the north, and delivering a major blow to the remnant rule of [[Kempe Gowda]] of [[Magadi]]'s henchmen at [[Yelahanka]], from whom a large tribute was exacted.<ref name="igimc-20" /> Kanthirava Narasaraja I was also the first ''wodeyar'' of Mysore to create the symbols associated with royalty, such as the royal coats of arms, establishing mints, and issuing coins named Kanthiraya (corrupted to "Canteroy") after him.<ref name="igimc-20" /> These were to remain part of Mysore's 'current national money' for well over a century.<ref name="igimc-20" />

== Dissolution of the Vijayanagara Empire ==
Although the Vijayanagara Empire had succumbed to rampages and forages of the Bahamani and Deccan Sultanates, Kanthirava Narasaraja Wodeyar, continued to recognise the Vijayanagara Empire and its namesake emperor [[Sriranga III]]. But by then, Sriranga III had completely lost power and control over the empire.

Kanthirava Narasaraja I had ten wives. He died on 31 July 1659, at the age of 44.
[[File:JoppenMarathaMid17CSouthIndia.jpg|right|thumb|261x261px|South India during the time of Kanthirava Narasaraja I.]]

==Early Christianity in Mysore==
[[Catholic]] [[missionaries]], which had arrived in the coastal areas of [[southern India]]—the [[Malabar coast]], the [[Kanara|Kanara coast]], and the [[Coromandel coast]]—starting early in the sixteenth century, did not begin work in land-locked Mysore until halfway through the seventeenth century.<ref name=subrahmanyam1989-208-209>{{Harvnb|Subrahmanyam|1989|pp=208–209}}</ref> The Mysore mission was established in [[Srirangapatna]] in 1649 by Leonardo Cinnami, an Italian [[Jesuit]] from [[Goa]].<ref name=subrahmanyam1989-208-209/> Although a few years later Cinnami was expelled from Mysore on account of opposition in Kanthirava's court, towards the end of Kanthirava's rule, Cinnami returned to establish missions in half a dozen locations.<ref name=subrahmanyam1989-208-209/> During his second stay, Cinnami obtained permission to convert Kanthirava's subjects to [[Christianity]]; however, he was successful mostly in the eastern regions of Kanthirava's dominions, regions that later became part of the [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British India]].<ref name=subrahmanyam1989-208-209/> {{Harv|Subrahmanyam|1989|p=209}} notes, "...Of a reported 1700 converts in the Mysore mission in the mid-1660s, a mere quarter were ''Kannadigas'' ([[Kannada language]] speakers), the rest being Tamil speakers from the western districts of modern-day [[Tamil Nadu]]...".<ref name=subrahmanyam1989-208-209/>
==In popular culture==
His life story was adapted into the 1960 Kannada movie ''[[Ranadheera Kanteerava]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.kshvid.com/team-daredevil-musthafa-to-release-a-special-animation-song-tribute-to-dr-rajkumar/|title = Team 'Daredevil Musthafa' to Release a Special Animation Song Tribute to Dr. Rajkumar — KSHVID|date = 4 October 2021|access-date = 15 October 2021|archive-date = 11 May 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230511150549/https://www.kshvid.com/team-daredevil-musthafa-to-release-a-special-animation-song-tribute-to-dr-rajkumar/|url-status = dead}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[History of Mysore and Coorg, 1565–1760]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series|title = Mysore and Coorg|year=1908|publisher=Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. Pp. xvii, 365, 1 map.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgO2AAAAIAAJ}}
*{{Citation|last=Michell|first=George|title=Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the successor states: 1350–1750|publisher=Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 250|year =1995|isbn=0-521-44110-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6bphUvvPf4C}}
*{{Citation|last=Subrahmanyam|first=Sanjay|title=Warfare and state finance in Wodeyar Mysore, 1724–25: A missionary perspective|year=1989|journal=Indian Economic and Social History Review|volume=26|issue=2|pages=203–233|doi=10.1177/001946468902600203|s2cid=145180609}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kanthirava Narasaraja I}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanthirava Narasaraja, I}}

[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Mysore]]
[[Category:Wadiyar dynasty]]
[[Category:1610s births]]
[[Category:1659 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian monarchs]]

Amausi railway station

2026-01-06T00:37:36Z

Omhospital: minor edit

{{Short description|Railway station in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Amausi railway station
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|100px]]
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = [[Lucknow Airport]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.7747|80.8418|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India Uttar Pradesh
| line = [[Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway]]
| other = Auto stand
| elevation = {{convert|126|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 3
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = 6 (double electrified BG)
| parking = No
| bicycle = No
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = No
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = AMS
| zone = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Lucknow NR}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Northern Railway zone|left=Manak Nagar|right=Harauni|type=[[Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway]]}}
}}
'''Amausi railway station''' is a local railway station in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Its code is '''AMS'''. It serves lucknow city as well as the [[suburb]]s of lucknow. The station consists of three platforms.

It is located at 7 km from the [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport|Lucknow International Airport]] and use full for those passengers who are coming from any other city to lucknow international airport.

Amausi is one of the local stations in Lucknow and lies on [[Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Bullet-train-from-Lucknow-to-Kanpur/articleshow/2980777.cms| title=Bullet train from Lucknow to Kanpur| website=Times of India| date=25 April 2008| first=Neha| last=Shukla}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/up-govt-planning-highspeed-metro-rail-project-between-lucknow-kanpur/article6812769.ece| title=UP govt. planning high-speed metro rail project between Lucknow, Kanpur| website=The Hindu| date=23 January 2015| first=Sandeep| last=Joshi}}</ref>

== Major trains ==

Some of the important trains that run from Amausi are:

* [[Chitrakoot Express]]
* Lucknow–Jhansi Passenger
* Lucknow Junction–Kasganj Passenger
* Kasganj–Lucknow Junction Passenger
* Kanpur–Lucknow MEMU
* Lucknow–Kanpur MEMU
* Kanpur Central–Barabanki MEMU
* Panki–Kanpur–Lucknow Junction MEMU

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Lucknow}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Lucknow NR railway division]]

{{UttarPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Class of 2020

2025-12-20T22:18:40Z

Omhospital: improved article

{{short description|2020 Hindi web series by Vikas Gupta}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Class_of_2020_alt_balaji.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = [[Teen drama]]
| creator = [[Vikas Gupta]]
| developer =
| writer =
| director = Aarambhh M Singh
| creative_director = Gurneet Chaddha
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 32
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = Lost Boy Productions Pvt Ltd.
| network = [[ALTBalaji]]
| released = {{Start date|2020|02|04|df=y}}
}}
'''''Class of 2020''''' is a 2020 [[Hindi]] [[web series]] created and produced by [[Vikas Gupta]] for [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s [[video on demand]] platform [[ALTBalaji]]. It stars [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Mazhar Khan]] and Joyita Chatterjee in lead roles.<ref name="Cast">{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B7qnC_ZH9t0/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/B7qnC_ZH9t0 |archive-date=2021-12-24 |url-access=registration|title=Class of 2020 Cast|website=instagram.com|access-date=25 January 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Cast2">{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B7s9MjylfCF/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/B7s9MjylfCF |archive-date=2021-12-24 |url-access=registration|title=Meet the cast of Class of 2020|website=instagram.com|access-date=25 January 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The web series revolves around the lives of a group of teenagers who get involved with drugs, sex, peer pressure and anxiety. On 25 January 2020, the trailer of the series was released.<ref name="Trailer">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r44hfD4TyEg|title=Class of 2020 trailer|website=youtube.com|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenewscrunch.com/trailer-of-alt-balajis-latest-show-class-of-2020-looks-promising-with-the-cast-of-nibedita-pal-and-chetna-pandey/15267/|title=Trailer of ALT Balaji's Latest Show Class of 2020 Looks Promising |website=thenewscrunch.com|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> The series started streaming on [[ALTBalaji]] on 4 February 2020. It is a sequel to ''[[Class of 2017]]''.

==Cast==
* [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Rohan Mehra]] as Ibrahim Noorani<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-12 |title=Rohan Mehra: Fortunate that I could relive my school life through Class of 2020 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rohan-mehra-class-of-2020-vikas-gupta-altbalaji-6264426/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* Joyita Chatterjee as Ranchi Das Gupta
* Sushant Tanwar as Hardik Thakkar
* [[Chetna Pande]] as Priyanka Ahluwalia
* Ishaa Chawla as Aalia
* Nibedita Pal as Zoey D'Souza
* Abhishek Ranjan as Lucky Singh
* Mazhar Khan as Ronit Banerjee
* [[Prakruti Mishra]] as Ketki
* Pallabi Mukherjee as Palak Dasgupta
* Jatin Suri as Neelrana Banerjee
* [[Alam Khan (actor)|Alam Khan]] as Tanmay Banik (Toto)
* [[Nausheen Ali Sardar]] as Hina
* [[Rushad Rana]] as Ronit & Neel's dad
* Sagar Saikia as Hina's friend

==Episodes==
* Episode 1: De Nobili High Returns
* Episode 2: No One Will Believe You
* Episode 3: Welcome To Class Of 2020
* Episode 4: Not Everything Is As It Seems
* Episode 5: Happy Birthday Toto
* Episode 6: Forty-Five Minutes
* Episode 7: Of Mothers and Daughters
* Episode 8: How Was Your Date?
* Episode 9: Parents Of 2020
* Episode 10: I Will Be Your Driver
* Episode 11: Beginning Of The End
* Episode 12: Repercussions of Ignorance
* Episode 13: Sports Day 2018 vs 2020
* Episode 14: Relations 2018 vs 2020
* Episode 15: Night that changed everything
* Episode 16: Men don't cry
* Episode 17: Ibrahim ki Duniya
* Episode 18: Dosti ya Pyaar
* Episode 19: Pyjama Party
* Episode 20: Truth Brings Dare
* Episode 21: Beginning of another end
* Episode 22: I need to talk to you
* Episode 23: Helplessness
* Episode 24: Not All Men Are Jerks
* Episode 25: Love, Sex AUR Dhoka
* Episode 26: The party. The plan and The panic
* Episode 27: The perfect end, is it
* Episode 28: The morning after
* Episode 29: I am your mother
* Episode 30: Last day at de {{langr|mis|nobli}} high
* Episode 31: Season Finale Part 1
* Episode 32: Season Finale Part 2

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.altbalaji.com/show/329 Class of 2020] on [[ALTBalaji|ALTBalaji website]]
* {{IMDb title|tt11581534}}

{{ALT Balaji Shows}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Class of 2020}}
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:ALTBalaji original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:2020 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Teen drama web series]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related web series]]

Ritu Singh (activist)

2025-12-16T00:53:04Z

Omhospital: Added Basic Bio W/ Sources

{{Short description|Indian rights activist and academic}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
'''Ritu Singh''' (b. circa 1989) is an Indian [[Dalit]] rights activist. She was associated with [[Daulat Ram College]], [[Delhi University]]. She is a scholar of [[psychology]] notable for her protests against unfair dismissal.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Ex DU Teacher Faces Police Case for Setting up a Pakoda Stall to Protest Termination, Caste Discrimination |url=https://thewire.in/education/ex-du-teacher-protesting-caste-discrimination-termination-with-pakoda-stall-faces-police-case |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=The Wire}}</ref>

== Early life ==
She is from the [[Tarn Taran district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and completed her PhD in Psychology from Delhi University.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Murari |first=Krishan |date=2 February 2024 |title=A professor is fighting DU casteism. She runs a street classroom clutching the Constitution |url=https://theprint.in/ground-reports/a-professor-is-fighting-du-casteism-she-runs-a-street-classroom-clutching-the-constitution/1950372/ |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Activism ==
She staged a protest in front of Art Faculty, North Campus, Delhi University in September 2023 against alleged [[Caste system in India|caste]] harassment and illegal termination from services. After enrolling at Daulatram College in 2019 as an ad-hoc assistant professor, Dr. Singh was fired after just one year and her contract was not extended. Her protest was against the college administration.<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 March 2024 |title=Former Delhi University ad-hoc professor booked for opening 'pakoda' stall outside varsity |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/former-delhi-university-ad-hoc-professor-booked-opening-pakoda-stall-varsity-9201205/ |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She accused the college administrator of violating [[Ministry of Education (India)|MHRD]] guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EJ |first=Ashfaque |date=7 March 2024 |title=I don't want to die, so I decided to fight: Dr Ritu Singh |url=https://maktoobmedia.com/india/i-dont-want-to-die-so-i-decided-to-fight-dr-ritu-singh/ |access-date=9 March 2024 |website=Maktoob media |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the 192 days of protest, she open a pakoda stall ''PhD Pakode Wali'' in front of the Art Faculty, DU.<ref name="auto1"/> On this, Delhi police have booked Dr Ritu Singh under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 283 (danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation), a formal complaint has been filed against Dr. Singh.<ref name=":0" />

Students and Civil Societies have come forward in her support. Dalit political party [[Bhim Army]] supporters have also joined her in the protest. They have demanded justice by giving solidarity to her demand - 'naukri nahi nyay chahiye,' (I am not fighting for my job, I demand justice).<ref name="auto"/>

== See also ==

* [[Dalit]]
* [[Bhim Army]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dalit activists]]
[[Category:Dalit women]]
[[Category:Dalit feminists]]
[[Category:Protest camps]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Bangladesh women's cricket team in India in 2025–26

2025-11-18T17:27:41Z

Omhospital: Put Up

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = Bangladesh women's cricket team in India in 2025–26
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = Flag of Bangladesh.svg
| team2_name = Bangladesh
| from_date = December 2025
| to_date =
| team1_captain =
| team2_captain =
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won =
| team2_ODIs_won =
| team1_ODIs_most_runs =
| team2_ODIs_most_runs =
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets =
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets =
| player_of_ODI_series =
| no_of_twenty20s = 3
| team1_twenty20s_won =
| team2_twenty20s_won =
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs =
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs =
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets =
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets =
| player_of_twenty20_series =
}}

The [[Bangladesh women's national cricket team|Bangladesh women's cricket team]] was scheduled to tour India in December 2025 to play the [[India women's national cricket team|India women's cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/136143/bangladesh-women-set-to-tour-india-in-december |title=Bangladesh women set to tour India in December |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> The tour would consist of three [[Women's One Day International|One Day International]] (ODI) and three [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 Internationals]] (T20I) matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/77907-world-champions-india-set-for-home-series-against-bangladesh-in-december-2025.html |title=World Champions India Set for Home Series Against Bangladesh in December 2025 |work=Female Cricket |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref> However, in November 2025, the series was postponed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/136367/bangladesh-womens-tour-of-india-postponed-indefinitely |title=Bangladesh Women's tour of India postponed indefinitely |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/bangladesh-women-s-tour-of-india-in-december-postponed-1511707 |title=Bangladesh women's tour of India in December postponed |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/bangladesh-women-tour-of-india-scheduled-for-december-2025-postponed-11182025-1763467173276 |title=Bangladesh Women Tour Of India Scheduled For December 2025 Postponed |work=Cricket.com |access-date=17 November 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{International women's cricket tours of India}}

[[Category:2025 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2025 in Bangladeshi cricket]]
[[Category:2025 in women's cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2025–26]]
[[Category:Women's international cricket tours of India]]

Ajit Iqbal Singh

2025-10-18T14:29:15Z

Omhospital: Stub...

{{short description|Indian mathematician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
'''Ajit Iqbal Singh''' (born 1943<ref>The Year Book 2014 // Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi</ref>) is an Indian [[mathematician]], specialising in [[functional analysis]] and [[harmonic analysis]]. Singh is a [[Fellow]] of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA), India's apex body of scientists and technologists.<ref name="Ajit Iqbal Singh">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N99-1262 | title=Ajit Iqbal Singh bio | publisher=Indian National Science Academy (INSA) | website=insaindia.org | accessdate=13 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813084441/http://insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N99-1262 | archive-date=2016-08-13 | url-status=usurped }}</ref> She is also a fellow of the [[The National Academy of Sciences, India|National Academy of Sciences (India)]], based in [[Allahabad]].<ref name="National Academy of Sciences (India) Fellows">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S |title=National Academy of Sciences (India) Fellows |publisher=National Academy of Sciences (India) www.nasi.org.in |accessdate=13 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316043224/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=S |archivedate=16 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Education==
Singh completed her under graduation in Mathematics from [[Indraprastha College]]<ref>{{ cite news|title=Alumna of the College|url=http://www.ipcollege.du.ac.in/Alumna.htm|website=ipcollege.du.ac.in }}</ref> and graduated in the same subject from [[Delhi University]] in 1963 and 1965, respectively.<ref name="Ajit Iqbal Singh"/> She earned a PhD in mathematics from the [[University of Cambridge]] in 1969. Her dissertation titled 'Contributions to the Theory of Linear Operators in Locally Convex Spaces', was supervised by [[Frank Smithies]].<ref name="Mathematics Genealogy Project">{{cite web | url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=104750 | title=Mathematics Genealogy Project - Ajit Iqbal Singh | publisher=Mathematics Genealogy Project www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu | accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref> Singh attended Cambridge as a [[Commonwealth Scholar]] at [[Newnham College]] from 1966 to 1969.<ref name="Visiting Mathematicians - Ohio ">{{cite web | url=http://www.ohio.edu/people/lopez/priorvst.html | title=Visiting Mathematicians - Ohio | publisher=Ohio University www.ohio.edu | accessdate=13 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022221956/http://www.ohio.edu/people/lopez/priorvst.html | archive-date=22 October 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
Singh began teaching immediately after completing her master's degree, as faculty at [[Indraprastha College]], Delhi University. On completing her PhD from Cambridge, she returned to Delhi and joined [[Hindu College, University of Delhi|Hindu College]]. She taught alongside her research in functional analysis and harmonic analysis. In 1974, Singh was appointed reader in mathematics at Delhi University South Campus and continued on as professor from 1984 to 2008. From 2008, she has been a visiting professor at the [[Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi Centre]].<ref name="Ajit Iqbal Singh"/>

==Work==
Singh has worked on [[Locally convex topological vector space|linear operators in locally convex spaces]], [[topological algebra]], spectral synthesis in hypergroups, multipliers and module [[homomorphism]]s, [[semigroup algebra]]s, applications of harmonic analysis to differential equations and orthogonal polynomials, geometry of the range of a vector measure, and [[quotient ring]]s of algebras of functions and operators.<ref name="Ajit Iqbal Singh"/><ref name="Visiting Mathematicians - Ohio "/>

==Awards and recognition==
Singh was awarded the Rai Bahadur Brij Mohan Lal Saheb Memorial Gold Medal and the Ravi Kanta Devi Prize from Delhi University.<ref name="Ajit Iqbal Singh"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ajit Iqbal}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indraprastha College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women mathematicians]]

Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir

2025-10-05T20:37:39Z

Omhospital: Added Some Data W/ Refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir
| image = Ramkeli the temporary home of Lord Sri Chaitanya 16.jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir complex
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.8894498|N|88.1287061|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| tradition =
| sect =
| district = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| region =
| deity = [[Madanamohana|Madanamohan]]
| rite =
| festival = [[Ramkeli Mela|Ramkeli Mahotsav and Fair]]
| organisational_status = 
| ownership =
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| consecration_year =
| functional_status =
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| location =
| locale = Ramkeli
| municipality =
| cercle =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| territory =
| administration =
| heritage_designation =
| architect =
| architecture_type = [[Bengal temple architecture]]
| architecture_style = Combination of ''Dalan'' and [[Ratna Style|''Ratna'']] Style
| founded_by =
| creator =
| funded_by = [[Rupa Goswami]] and [[Sanatana Goswami]]
| general_contractor =
| established = 1509
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1345 [[Bangabda|Baṅgābda]] (Present temple structure)
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
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| height_max =
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| footnotes =
}}
'''Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir''' is a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] temple at Ramkeli village in [[West Bengal]]. Hindu god [[Krishna]] is worshiped in the form of ''[[Madanamohana|Madanamohan]]'' in this temple. It is located in the ruined [[Medieval India|medieval]] city of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] in [[Malda district|Malda]] district. Built by [[Rupa Goswami]] and [[Sanatana Goswami]], known as Mahavaishnavas, the temple stands in the northern part of the village. The present temple building is a great example of the combination of ''Dalan'' and [[Ratna Style|''Ratna'']] architecture of the district; however, the temple was established in the first decade of the 16th century.

The temple is the product of the spread of the [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] throughout [[Bengal]]. This temple is administered by the ''Madana Mohan Jiu Trust Committee''.

==History==
The temple was established in 1509 by Mahavaishnava [[Rupa Goswami]] and [[Sanatana Goswami]] at Ramkeli.<ref name="ABP Group">{{cite web |author1= |title=পয়লা দিনেই সরগরম মালদহের প্রাচীন রামকেলি মেলা |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/historical-ramkeli-fair-begins-1.628637 |website=Anandabazar Patrika |access-date=30 October 2023 |location=Malda |language=bn |script-title=bn:Paẏalā dine'i saragarama māladahēra prācīna rāmakēli mēlā |trans-title=The ancient Ramkeli fair of Malda was crowded on the first day itself |date=15 June 2017 |quote=কথিত রয়েছে, তৎকালীন গৌড়ের বাদশা হুসেন শাহর আমলে মন্ত্রিসভায় ছিলেন মহাবৈষ্ণব বলে পরিচিত রূপ ও সনাতন গোস্বামী। তাঁরাই ১৫০৯ খ্রীষ্টাব্দে রামকেলিতে মদনমোহন মন্দির প্রতিষ্ঠিত করেছিলেন। |trans-quote=It is said that during the reign of Gaur King Hussain Shah, Roop Goswami and Sanatana Goswami, known as Mahavaishnava, were in the cabinet. They established the Madanmohan Temple at Ramkeli in 1509.}}</ref> On 15 June 1515, [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] met Rupa Goswami and Sanatana Goswami during the journey to [[Vrindavan]] on [[Joishtho]] [[Sankranti]].<ref name="getbengal1">{{cite web |last1=Banerjee |first1=Reetwika |title=Ramkeli – the Vaishnava heartland of Bengal famous for devotional fair |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/ramkeli-the-vaishnava-heartland-of-bengal-famous-for-devotional-fair |website=Get Bengal |access-date=1 November 2023 |date=30 May 2020}}</ref>{{sfn|Sarkar|2021|p=58}}

The temple was rebuilt in 1938 (1345 [[Bangabda]]<ref name="artwork-and-kolash"/>), during which the present temple building was constructed.<ref name="maldazillaparishad">{{cite web |title=Malda Zilla Parishad |url=https://maldazillaparishad.in/zp_place_visit.php |website=maldazillaparishad.in |publisher=Malda Zilla Parishad |access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref>

[[West Bengal]]'s [[Department of Tourism (West Bengal)|Department of Tourism]] took up the Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir renovation plan in 2016, including the Mahaprabhu Chaitanya Charan temple, guest accommodation and the main entrance of the temple. About 6 crore rupees were allotted for the renovation.<ref name="anandabazar2">{{cite web |author1= |title=গৌড়-আদিনার হাল ফেরাতে নয়া প্রস্তাব |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/north-bengal/malda-administrative-department-asks-for-report-on-infrastructural-development-of-tourist-centers-1.470844 |website=Anandabazar Patrika |access-date=31 October 2023 |location=Maldah |language=bn |script-title=bn:Gauṛa-ādināra hāla phērātē naẏā prastāba |trans-title=A new proposal for restoration of Gaur-Adina |date=4 September 2016 }}</ref><ref name="thestatesman1">{{cite web |title=Malda set to revamp popular pilgrimage site |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/malda-set-to-revamp-popular-pilgrimage-site-1503006469.html |website=The Statesman |access-date=1 November 2023 |location=Malda |date=13 September 2021}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The temple premises are surrounded by a wall. There is an entrance at the south-east corner of the wall. On the eastern and western sides of the temple premises are long buildings with several rooms including [[Veranda]], which are used for temple purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Long buildings with several rooms including Veranda. |date=16 March 2018 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramkeli_the_temporary_home_of_Lord_Sri_Chaitanya_18.jpg}}</ref> There are seven ponds around the temple premises.

===Temple building===
The two most architectural styles of [[Bengal temple architecture]] are the ''Dalan'' and [[Ratna Style|''Ratna'']] is observed in Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mandir. The part of the temple building from the base to the roof is constructed in ''Dalan'' style and above the roof in ''Ratna'' style.<ref name="artwork"/> The temple building is surrounded by a rectangular [[altar]], slightly higher than the temple courtyard, but lower than the building floor. There is one step of stair between the temple courtyard and the altar, and two steps of stair between the altar and the building floor.

There are five ''ratna'' in total, four at the four corners of the roof and one in the middle. ''Ratna'' located at the four corners are smaller compared to the middle size of ''ratna''. Three ''Kolshi'''s are placed on top of the middle ''ratna''.<ref name="artwork-and-kolash"/>

The interior of the temple building is divided into two parts, which are the worship room and the [[Veranda]]. There is a wall between the worship room and the Veranda. A door in the wall connects the worship room and the Veranda.

===Nata-mandir===
[[File:Ramkeli the temporary home of Lord Sri Chaitanya 17.jpg|280px|thumb|right|Nata-mandir in the middle of courtyard; the main roof, sloping roof and pillars are visible in the picture.]]

In the front of the temple building, there is a [[Nata mandir|''nata-mandir'']] in the middle of the temple premises, which is used for [[Kirtan|Sankirtan]] and rest of the visitors. The ''nata-mandir'' is open all around and there are no walls around it. There are twelve pillars around the ''nata-mandir'' and four pillars in the middle part. The four central pillars support the main roof of the nata-mandir. Four sloping ''chala''s start from the four sides of the nata-mandir and meet at the four walls above the four pillars in the middle part. Above these walls lies the original roof. The central pillars of the nata-mandir are larger in diameter than the surrounding pillars.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramkeli_the_temporary_home_of_Lord_Sri_Chaitanya_17.jpg |title=The Nata-mandir of Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mondir |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref>

===Entrance===
The arched entrance is located in the south-east of the premises. The arch is supported by two pillars. At the top of the pillar is placed the ''kolash''. The arch is connected to the pillar at the base of the ''kolash'' (urn). The two pillars have a niche each, but there are no statues or pictures in it.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramkeli_the_temporary_home_of_Lord_Sri_Chaitanya_15.jpg |title=The arched entrance of Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mondir |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref>

==Artwork==
[[File:Ramkeli the temporary home of Lord Sri Chaitanya 21.jpg|280px|thumb|left|The facade of temple with three arches and flower-leaf designs]]
[[Terracotta|Terracotta art]] work is observed on the facade of the main temple. The facade of the temple has three arches, which are supported by four pillars. A little deeper than the main wall above the three arches are flower-leaf designs, which are made by the terracotta art. The roof's eaves of the temple are extend outwards from the surrounding walls. At the junction of the facade and the roof of temple there are two continuous series of flower-leaf designs on the front wall. The lower series of flower-leaf designs is larger than the upper series. A shape of rope is created on the wall below the flower-leaf arrangement.<ref name="artwork-and-kolash">{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramkeli_the_temporary_home_of_Lord_Sri_Chaitanya_19.jpg |title=Series of flower-leaf designs |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref> The arrangement of flower-leaf designs and the shape of rope are all created by terracotta art. Seeing the terracotta rope, it seems as if the walls around the temple are tied with the rope. Above the middle arch the two ends of the rope form a [[knot]].<ref name="artwork">{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramkeli_the_temporary_home_of_Lord_Sri_Chaitanya_21.jpg |title=The facade of Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mondir |date=16 March 2018 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |first1=Dr. AkhiI | last1 = Sarkar |editor1-last= Sarkar |editor1-first=Anil Kumar |date=2021
|title= Journal of People's History and Culture, Volume – 7 Number – 2
|url=https://www.gsmp.in/past-issue-journal.php?id=3330&category=Volume+-+7+Number+-+2%2C+December+-+2021#
|journal=Journal of People's History and Culture
|publisher=Garia Society for Studies of Marginal People
|volume=7
}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Ramkeli Madanmohan Jiu Mondir}}

{{Hindu temples in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Malda district]]

Cinema Cinema

2025-09-17T18:18:32Z

Omhospital:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Cinema Cinema
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[Krishna Shah]]
| producer = [[Bhupendra Shah]]
| writer = [[Krishna Shah]] [[Kamleshwar (writer)|Kamleshwar]] (Hindi version)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dharmendra]] [[Amitabh Bachchan ]] [[Hema Malini]] [[Zeenat Aman]]
| music = [[Vijay Raghav Rao]]
| cinematography = [[K.K. Mahajan]]
| editing = [[Amit Bose]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1979|06|27|India}} October 1979 (US)
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language =
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Cinema Cinema''''' is a 1979 quasi-documentary of the [[Indian people|Indian]] film world ([[Bollywood]]), written and directed by [[Krishna Shah]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/ct-xpm-2013-10-16-sns-201310162122reedbusivarietyn1200732409-20131016-story.html |title=Krishna Shah, Director of ''Hard Rock Zombies,'' Dies at 75 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=16 October 2013 |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> The movie was Shah's fourth as feature film director, following the disastrous ''[[Shalimar (1978 film)|Shalimar]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thebigindianpicture.com/2014/11/back-to-the-shalimar-i-ii/ |title=Rishi Majumder: Back to the ''Shalimar'' I & II |publisher=The Big Indian Picture |date=November 2014 |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

==Overview==
''Cinema Cinema'' was released on 27 July 1979 in India and in October 1979 in the US. The documentary features original interviews with notable Indian film stars, including [[Dharmendra]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Hema Malini]] and [[Zeenat Aman]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bobbytalkscinema.com/recentpost/Cinema-Cinema-1979-and-Film--918 |title=Cinema Cinema (1979) and Film Hi Film (1983) - Two Rare, Lesser Known Attempts Made, Using Clippings of Many Released and Unreleased (Hindi) Films. |publisher=Bobby Sing: Bobby Talks Cinema |date=5 June 2012 |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> The narrative is staged to present the history of [[Hindi]]-language cinema while exploring various political themes of the 20th century, all through the reactions and interactions of a typical [[Indian people|Indian]] theatre audience of the 70s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cuttingthechai.com/2014/01/6636/interval-cinema-hall-screening-hindi-film-1970s/ |title=Watch: Interval At a Cinema Hall in the 1970s, Screening a Hindi Film |publisher=Cutting the Chai |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

Krishna Shah hired the highly regarded [[Kamleshwar (writer)|Kamleshwar]] for the Hindi-language version of the screenplay, while [[Parallel cinema|Parallel Cinema]] veteran [[K.K. Mahajan]] provided the cinematography. [[Sony Music India]] would later release a ''Cinema Cinema'' soundtrack album, featuring [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Sudesh Bhosle]], [[Vanraj Bhatia]], and [[Sonali Bajpayee]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deezer.com/us/album/63205732|title=''Cinema Cinema'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |publisher=Deezer |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

==Reception==
[[Uday Bhatia]] and [[Jai Arjun Singh]] of India's [[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] found ''Cinema Cinema'' to have an "excellent [[Parallel Cinema]] pedigree,"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/50-years-of-hindi-alternative-cinema-1556870638279.html |title=50 Years of Hindi Alternative Cinema - 1979: Cinema Cinema (Krishna Shah) |newspaper=Mint |date=4 May 2019 |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref> while [[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] London said the film "is not without interest as a helping of 'Madras Curry' (the staple [[Bombay]] diet of lavish melodramas packed to inordinate length with interminable songs, dances and comic interludes)."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/film/cinema-cinema |title=Film: Cinema Cinema |magazine=Time Out |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

In the book ''Journalism, Democracy and Civil Society in India,'' authors Rao and Mudgal singled-out ''Cinema Cinema's'' depiction of a 1970s-era theatre experience as a demonstration of audience abuse by Indian exhibitors of the time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DjduDwAAQBAJ&q=%22cinema+cinema%22+%22krishna+shah%22 |title=Journalism, Democracy and Civil Society in India, edited by Shakuntala Rao, Vipul Mudgal |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group - Routledge |date=2017 |isbn=9781315293790 |access-date=11 August 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0214591}}
* [https://memsaabstory.com/2009/11/25/cinema-cinema-1979/ Casual analysis of ''Cinema Cinema'']

[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:Indian documentary films]]
[[Category:1979 documentary films]]

{{1970s-documentary-film-stub}}

Sadhanwala

2025-08-13T21:35:56Z

Omhospital: Created a info!

{{Short description|Village in Faridkot, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sadhanwala
| other_name = ਸਾਧਾਂਵਾਲਾ
| settlement_type = Village
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{Coord|30.814701572675506|74.63854911440916|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district|Faridkot]]
| government_type = Sarpanch
| governing_body = Gram panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 2147
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2011 (Punjab) |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |website=cdn.s3waas.gov.in |page=56}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code = 151214
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Faridkot, India]]
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gram panchayat]]
}}
'''Sadhanwala''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਸਾਧਾਂਵਾਲਾ) is a village located in [[Faridkot district]] of [[Punjab]] State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadhanwala · Punjab 152004, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sadhanwala,+Punjab+152004/@30.8144621,74.633528,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x3919e7208a8c45cf:0xe926e282b9cbb9ab!8m2!3d30.8140427!4d74.6393113!16s/g/1tmbthww?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDYxMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=Sadhanwala · Punjab 152004, India |language=en}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
The Village has a population of 2147 of which 1141 are males while 1006 are females as per the population census of 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadhanwala Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35537-sadhanwala-punjab.html |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The total geographical area of the village is about 530 hectares with 403 number of households.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Directorate of census operations Punjab |first=District Census Handbook |title=Census of India 2011 |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3ca9c267dad0305d1a6308d2a0cf1c39c/uploads/2016/09/2018052293.pdf |website= |page=56}}</ref> The postal code of the village is 151214.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pin Code of Sadhanwala , Faridkot, Punjab, India |url=https://indiapincodes.net/Punjab/Faridkot/Sadhanwala/ |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=indiapincodes.net}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />{{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]

Muhammad Shah IV

2025-07-02T12:38:53Z

Omhospital:

{{Short description|Sultan of Delhi from 1434 to 1445}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| image =
| caption =
| reign = 19 February 1434 – 1 January 1445
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]]
| successor = [[Alam Shah]]
| regent = [[Shah Rukh]]
| reg-type = Under the nominal [[suzerainty]]
| spouse =
| issue = [[Alam Shah]]
| royal house =
| dynasty = [[Sayyid dynasty|Sayyid]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date = 1397
| birth_place = Delhi
| death_date = 1 January 1445 (aged 48)
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| succession = 27th [[Sultan of Delhi]]
| title =
}}

[[File:Lodhi Garden, New Delhi. taken by Anita Mishra.JPG|thumb|Tomb of Muhammad Shah]]
'''Muhammad Shah IV''' ({{langx|fa|{{nq|محمد شاه}}}}) was the third monarch of the [[Sayyid dynasty]] which ruled the [[Delhi Sultanate]].

== Life ==
After Mubarak Shah’s death, his nephew Muhammad Khan bin Farid Khan ascended the throne as Sultan Muhammad Shah. For the first six months of his reign, however, true power lay in the hands of Sarvar-ul-Mulk, also called Khan-i-Jahan. He set about purging the old nobility, but the displaced nobles rallied under a leader named Kamal-ul-Mulk.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate |year=1951 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |pages=134-135}}</ref>

The first spark of rebellion lit up in Bayana, where its ruler, Yusuf Khan Auhadi, resisted Sarvar-ul-Mulk’s attempt to seize the local fort and killed the officer sent to take it. Other regional chiefs soon joined the uprising. Under cover of feigned loyalty, Kamal-ul-Mulk won Sarvar-ul-Mulk’s confidence and was given command of the royal army to crush the rebels. Rather than marching straight to [[Bayana]], he halted at Ahar. When the rebel leaders learned of his true intentions in May 1434, they sided with him and together they advanced on Delhi to avenge the late sultan’s death.<ref name=":0" />

Deprived of the army’s support, Sarvar-ul-Mulk tried to assassinate the new king, but Muhammad Shah’s bodyguards intervened and slew him and his conspirators. After a three-month siege, the rebel forces entered Delhi, and the nobles renewed their allegiance to Muhammad Shah. Kamal-ul-Mulk was then appointed as the chief minister.<ref name=":0" />

Despite this opportunity to stabilize the realm, Kamal-ul-Mulk soon disappointed everyone by neglecting his duties in favor of a life of leisure. Disorder spread throughout the kingdom, and even prominent [[Delhi]] figures joined [[Khanzada Jalal Khan|Jalal Khan]] of [[Mewat]] in inviting Sultan [[Mahmud Khalji]] of [[Malwa]] to intervene. The Malwa army encamped near [[Delhi]] at [[Talpat]]. Unable to defend his capital alone, Muhammad Shah summoned [[Bahlul Lodi]] of [[Sirhind]], who arrived with twenty thousand horsemen. The two armies clashed, but as neither side prevailed on the first day, Muhammad Shah secretly sued for peace the following morning. Alarmed by an ominous vision, the Khalji ruler accepted and withdrew to Mandu.<ref name=":0" />

[[Bahlul Lodi]], frustrated by the king’s caution, seized the initiative by ambushing the Khalji rear guard that same night, seizing supplies and cutting down their soldiers. Sultan Mahmud Khalji, impressed, embraced Bahlul as a son and bestowed upon him the title Khan-i-Khanan. In gratitude, Muhammad Shah granted Bahlul authority over much of the [[Punjab]] and charged him with subduing the Khokhar rebel [[Jasrath]], who ultimately negotiated his own settlement.<ref name=":0" />

By the early 1440s, the Lodis had grown powerful enough to attempt an assault on [[Delhi]], though Bahlul’s 1443 attack failed. In the last years of Muhammad Shah’s rule, his grip on the sultanate unraveled. [[Multan]] under the [[Langah dynasty]] declared its independence, the [[Sharqi dynasty]] seized eastern territories, numerous local chiefs ceased paying tribute, and even lords close to Delhi asserted their autonomy. Shortly before his death in 1445, Muhammad Shah summoned his son Alam Shah from the provinces and officially named him his heir.<ref name=":0" />

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Peter|title=The Delhi Sultanate : a political and military history|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=9780521543293|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC}}
* {{cite web|title=Sayyid dynasty|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sayyid-dynasty|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|ref={{harvid|EB}}|language=en}}

{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Sayyid dynasty]]
[[Category:1445 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Vidi, Kutch

2025-05-26T06:16:18Z

Omhospital: Created a data

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
'''Vidi''' or '''Videe''' or '''Virdee''' is a village near the town [[Anjar, India|Anjar]], the taluka of [[Kutch district]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]]. It is at a distance of about 4 km from [[Anjar, India|Anjar]], the Taluka headquarters.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gujarat |first1=India (Republic) Superintendent of Census Operations |title=Kutch |date=1964 |publisher=Director, Government Print. and Stationery, Gujarat State |pages=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fbUWAQAAMAAJ&q=vidi+kutch |access-date=21 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|23.083|N|70.006|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Kutch district]]

{{Kachchh-geo-stub}}

Birsa

2025-05-17T09:10:29Z

Omhospital: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Balaghat district]]
{{R with history|Balaghat district}}

M. R. Seetharam

2025-02-26T12:36:55Z

Omhospital: Refined content and updated sections

{{short description|Indian politician}}

{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = M.R. Seetharam
|image = M.R.Seetharam minister of science and technology.png
|caption = Minister for Statistics, Planning, Science and Technology (2016-2018)
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1956|4|4}}
|birth_place = [[Bengaluru]]
|residence = Gokula extension, Mathikere, [[Bengaluru]]
|nationality = {{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]n
|death_date =
|death_place =
| office = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 21 August 2023
| predecessor = P. R. Ramesh
|constituency = Nominated
| term_start1 = 2012
| term_end1 = 2018
| successor1 = [[Aravind Kumar Arali]]
| constituency1= elected by MLAs
|constituency2= [[Malleshwaram Assembly constituency|Malleshwaram]]
|office2 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start2 = 1999
|term_end2 = 2008
|predecessor2 = [[Anant Nag]]
|successor2 = [[C. N. Ashwath Narayan]]
|party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|spouse = Shruthy Seetharam
|children = Raksha Ramaiah & Sundar Ram
|website =
|footnotes =
|date =
|year =
|source =
}}
'''M. R. Seetharam''' is an Indian [[politician]], [[entrepreneur]], [[educationist]] and [[philanthropist]] from the state of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022017970200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015115945/http://hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022017970200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2007|title=Ensuring that the youth do not turn to criminal activities |last=Rajendran|first=S|date=20 February 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2 May 2010}}</ref> He was nominated as a member of [[Legislative Council]] in 2012. He was the Minister for Planning, Statistics, Science and Technology in the Congress state Government.

He is also the [[Vice-Chairman]] of Gokula Education Foundation and Director of [[M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology]], M.S. Ramaiah Polytechnic and M.S. Ramaiah Hostels.

M.R. Seetharam has worked towards preserving the parks and lung spaces in his constituency. He has also implemented the Government's Self Employment Schemes like Antyodaya, Akshara Dasoha and Yeshaswini Co-operate Health Schemes.

==Early life and family==
M. R. Seetharam was born on 4 April 1956, [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka. He is the son of late Dr. [[M. S. Ramaiah]], one of the pioneers in [[Education]] and [[Healthcare]] in [[Karnataka]] who founded the Gokula Education Foundation (GEF). He received his primary education from St. Joseph's School. He holds a graduate degree in Science from St. Joseph's College.

He is married to Shruthy Seetharam who is a homemaker and is actively involved in social activities involving the poor and needy. He has two children, the elder son Raksha Ramaiah is a member of [[Indian Youth Congress]] holding the post of Vice President, Bangalore Urban District. His younger son Sundar Ram is also an office bearer in IYC holding the post of [[General Secretary]], [[Malleswaram]] Assembly constituency.

==Political life==
M.R. Seetharam started his political journey as the president of the Students Governing Council in St. Joseph's College.

He entered mainstream politics by joining the [[Indian National Congress]] and started off by serving as an executive member of Karnataka Pradesh Congress (I) Sevadal in 1986. He was appointed the Treasurer of Karnataka Pradesh Congress (I) from the year 1989 – 1992 and KPCC Sevadal from 1992 – 1996. He was elected as a member of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee|KPCC]] in the year 1997.

M.R. Seetharam fought his first election in the year 1999. He won the Malleshwaram Constituency defeating his JD(U) rival Raghupathy M with a margin of 20,000 votes. This was the first time Congress won a seat from Malleshwaram Assembly Constituency after Independence. He won the next assembly election from Malleswaram in the year 2004 defeating his BJP rival Dr. C.N. Ashwath Narayan with a margin of 11,000 votes. In 2008, he lost the Malleshwaram constituency elections to his nearest rival.

From 1997 – 2000, he was the In-charge to run the party offices and also the In-charge for Bengaluru division of [[Bengaluru Urban]], Rural, [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], [[Tumkur]], [[Shimoga]], [[Davanagere]], [[Chitradurga]], [[Mysuru]], [[Haveri]] districts for the [[District Councils of India|Zilla Parishad]] elections 2000.

M.R. Seetharam was elected [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] member in the year 2001. While serving as an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Malleswaram, INC won five out of seven wards of [[Malleswaram]] assembly in the [[BBMP]] elections held on 11 November 2001.

M.R. Seetharam has worked as Member of the KPCC Campaign Committee 2013 for the Congress party candidates in the districts of [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], [[Tumkur]], Bengaluru Rural, Bengaluru Urban and Bengaluru City for the Assembly elections.

In the year 2016 he was sworn in as Cabinet Minister for Planning, Statistics, Science and Technology and also Incharge Minister for Kodagu District Govt of Karnataka .

==Contributions and Initiatives==
'''1999 – 2003'''
* Provided permanent houses to more than 300 Sikh immigrants
* Distributed hundreds of auto rickshaws under self-employment scheme to the youth
* Renovated and developed Parsi Garden Slum
* Distributed hundreds of sewing machines to trained women and granted stipend to women trained in embroidery
* Development and rejuvenation of Sankey Tank Garden along with a joggers pathway through his own contribution

'''2004 – 2008'''
* During his second term as MLA, he got 70 crore sanctioned from BBMP for the following developments:
**Mattikere – Gokula Railway Overbridge
**Malleshwaram Overbridge
**Yeshwanthpur Overbridge which was opened to public from 1 May 2008
* He helped set up the BBMP computer training centre in Yeshwanthpur which provides free training to people. 75 percent of the trainees are women (homemakers) and girls. More than 800 people have been trained so far through this initiative. The salaries of instructors and for the maintenance is borne by M.R. Seetharam
* He contributed towards setting up Computer Labs in two P.U. Girls Colleges to impart technical education
* Opened Govt. Model School from MLA fund for underprivileged children
* Distributed free notebooks to 6 lakh students studying in government, aided and private schools in the assembly
* Distribution of Artificial Limbs and other necessary equipment for the handicapped
* Under the Valmiki Ambedkar Planning Project, Sunnadagoodu slum residents got pakka houses
* Supported blood donation and health camps across the state through M.S. Ramaiah Medical Institutions
* Provided thousands of scholarships to students from backward communities belonging to rural parts of the state

=== Achievements as the Planning Minister of Karnataka ===

* M.R Seetharam helped the evicted families to settle in Bayadagotta and Beserahalli of Somawarpet taluk and Kedanallur of Virajpet taluk. New layout was formed to locate them along with creation of Basic facilities such as housing, electrification, road, and drinking water facilities to rehabilitate them after they were forcefully evacuated by the Forest Department from Diddahalli village and Hoddur-palyamadu burial ground.
* Completed various projects like Bapuji center in Gudda Hosur, Public Park at Harangi Dam, "St.Annamma Church" at Virajpet, Post-metric Ladies Hostel at Chennagiri Basavanahalli and Morarji Desai-Residential School Buildings.
* Completed 48 War Soldiers Memorial-at Virajpet, which was built with the support of Kodava Samaja.
* Laid foundation for local bus stand and Zilla Panchayath Office at Madikeri.
* Laid foundation for the Science Centre in Kodagu.

=== Mobile Planetarium ===
M.R. Seetharam flagged the mobile Planetarium initiative called "Taare Zameen Par" in 2017. A total of 5 mobile vans will travel across the state to impart and educate students from the rural parts of the state on Astronomy. This is a first of its kind initiative in the country. There are a total of 7 planetariums in the country which are inaccessible by students in the semi-urban and rural parts of the country. This initiative of mobile planetarium will give access to more and more students to such facilities and help them learn about the universe in an entertaining way.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Moudgal|first1=Sandeep|title=State procures five mobile planetariums for schools in Karnataka hinterlands|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/state-procures-five-mobile-planetariums-for-schools-in-karnataka-hinterlands/articleshow/60160493.cms|accessdate=23 September 2017|agency=TNN|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Positions and Representations==

* Minister for Planning, Statistics, Science and Technology Government of Karnataka 2016–2018
* In-charge Minister for Kodagu District, Government of Karnataka
* Member of Legislative Council(MLC) 2012, Government of Karnataka
* Elected as MLA from Malleshwaram Constituency in 1999 and 2004
* Treasurer of Congress Legislature Party 1999, 2008-2009
* Member of the Subject Committee of Karnataka Legislature for the Housing & Urban Development
* Member of the Subject Committee of Karnataka Legislature for the Health & Family Welfare Department
* Member of Karnataka Postal Circle from Karnataka Legislature
* Member of Public Undertaking Committee in the Karnataka Legislature 1997 – 2007
* Nominated to Academic Council Member to Bengaluru University in 2004
* Elected as AICC Member in 2001 and 2007
* General Secretary KPCC 1997 – 2002

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100430074600/http://www.msrit.edu/node/7 MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology Page]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seetharam, M. R.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]

Malur Srinivasa Thirumale Iyengar

2024-12-30T17:46:26Z

Omhospital: done.

{{Short description|Indian civil engineer (1897–1976)}}

{{Infobox person
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1897|12|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[North Arcot| North Arcot District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|9|2|1897|12|1|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[College of Engineering, Guindy|College of Engineering, Madras]]
| awards = {{awards|[[Padma Bhushan]]|1956|||}}
}}

'''Malur Srinivasa Thirumale Iyengar''' (1897–1976), also known as '''M. S. Thirumale Iyengar''', was an Indian civil engineer known for his contributions to irrigation and hydroelectric infrastructure in India.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CTXbAAAAMAAJ |title=A Century of Hydro Power Development in India |date=1997 |publisher=Central Board of Irrigation and Power |language=en}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1956 in recognition of his services to [[civil engineering]].

Born on 1 December 1897<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Sir Stanley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQUfAQAAMAAJ |title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who |date=1959 |publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company |pages=1151 |language=en}}</ref> in the [[North Arcot|North Arcot District]] of [[Madras Presidency]], Iyengar pursued a Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) in Mechanical Engineering from Madras University, graduating in 1920.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Engineers (India) |first=Institution of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UF9IAQAAIAAJ |title=Bulletin of the Institution of Engineers (India). |date=1976 |pages=37 |language=en}}</ref> He later earned a Master of Engineering (M.E. Hons.) degree from the [[College of Engineering, Guindy|College of Engineering, Madras]].<ref name=":1" />

He joined the Indian Service of Engineers in 1922 and later worked in the [[Tamil Nadu Public Works Department|Madras Public Works Department]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> One of his early assignments included work on the [[Mettur Dam|Mettur Irrigation Project]], where he supervised the construction of a barrage across the [[Coleroon River]] and improvements to the [[Cauvery]] irrigation system.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He worked as Professor of Mechanical Engineering for a brief period at [[College of Engineering, Guindy]].<ref name=":0" /> From 1940 to 1952, he worked as Chief Engineer on the investigation of the [[Tungabhadra Dam|Tungabhadra Dam Project]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1953, Iyengar was appointed Chief Engineer of the [[Hirakud Dam|Hirakud Dam Project]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Later, in 1960, he was named Advisor to the Government of Mysore and Administrator of the [[Sharavati|Sharavathi]] Valley Hydroelectric Project.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=State) |first=Mysore (India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEw02PS5pXIC |title=The Mysore Gazette |date=1960 |pages=194 |language=en}}</ref>

Thirumale Iyengar also made significant contributions to professional organizations. He was an active member of the [[Institution of Engineers (India)]], serving as its President during 1952–53.<ref name=":1" /> He was also a member in the [[International Commission on Large Dams]], serving on its Executive Committee and as Vice-President from 1951 to 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICOLD CIGB > Officers since Foundations |url=https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/icold/officers_since_foundations.asp |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.icold-cigb.org}}</ref> Additionally, he was elected President of the Central Board of Irrigation and Power in 1951.<ref name=":1" />

In recognition of his contributions, Iyengar received the Padma Bhushan in 1956.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1iYPAQAAIAAJ |title=Bhārata Kā Rājapatra: The Gazette of India |date=1956 |publisher=Controller of Publications |language=en}}</ref>

He died on 2 September 1976, in [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==

{{reflist}}{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1954–1959}}

[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:College of Engineering, Guindy alumni]]
[[Category:Indian civil engineers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thirumale Iyengar, Malur Srinivasa}}

Chenani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

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Dangri, Jammu and Kashmir

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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dangri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.34805|N|74.4066|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rajouri district|Rajouri]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Urdu]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[Gujari]], [[Pahari language|Pahari]] & [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Demographics
| demographics2_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics2_info1 =
| demographics2_title2 = [[Sex ratio]]
| demographics2_info2 =
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha Seats]]
| leader_name1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = JK11
| website = https://rajouri.nic.in/
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dangri''' is a village located in [[Rajouri district]] of [[Jammu region]] in the Indian [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

The village is the site of the [[2023 Rajouri attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=2 kids killed in IED blast in Rajouri village, day after New Year’s Day massacre|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-kids-killed-in-ied-blast-in-rajouri-village-day-after-new-years-day-massacre/articleshow/96692018.cms|date=3 January 2023|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Rajouri Terror Attack's Death Count Climbs To 4, Call For Bandh Today|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajouri-terror-attack-rajouri-civilian-deaths-rajouri-terror-attacks-death-count-climbs-to-4-search-on-for-suspects-3656080|date=2 January 2023|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Rajouri district]]

{{India-geo-stub}}
{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Butler Committee (1927)

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{{short description|Committee of the Government of the United Kingdom}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{For|the 1972-75 Committee on Mentally Abnormal Offenders chaired by Rab Butler |Butler Committee}}
The '''Harcourt Butler Committee''' under the chairmanship of [[Sir Harcourt Butler]] was appointed in 1927 to investigate and clarify the relationship between the paramount power of the [[British Raj]] in India, and the rulers of [[Princely States]]. The two other members were, [[William Searle Holdsworth]] and [[Sidney Peel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rapson |first1=Edward James |last2=Haig |first2=Sir Wolseley |last3=Burn |first3=Sir Richard |last4=Dodwell |first4=Henry |title=The Cambridge History of India: The Indian Empire, 1858-1918 |date=1965 |publisher=S. Chand |page=903|volume=VI |language=en}}</ref>

The committee visited 16 States and submitted its report in 1929.

==Context==
The question of sovereignty and paramountcy was undefined at the time. There was a growing call among the princely states to clarify the term ''paramountcy''.

==Recommendations==
In the committee's report of 1929, the "paramountcy" doctrine was reaffirmed. Guidelines were given for its application, and it was made clear that the financial relationship between the Raj and the States should be fair.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=32218|first=Francis|last=Robinson|title=Butler, Sir (Spencer) Harcourt}}</ref>

# The relationship of the princely states with the British empire was not merely a contractual relationship, but a living, growing relationship shaped by the circumstances and policy, resting on the mixture of history and theory.
# British paramountcy to stay intact(solid) to preserve the princely state.
# State should not be transferred without their own consent to a relationship with a new government in British India responsible to an Indian legislature.

==References==
*''A Brief History of Modern India'', by Rajiv Ahir I.P.S Spectrum Publications Pg 605,606 Edition 2019-20.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{morecat|date=October 2023}}
[[Category:1927 in India]]

Mallapur railway station

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{{one source|date=May 2023}}

{{Short description|Railway station in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Mallapur
| native_name = Mallapura
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| image =
| address = SH 30, Mallapur-582209 ,[[Gadag district]], [[Karnataka]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|15.6726808|N|75.6069898|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| line = [[Gadag–Hotgi line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 2
| other =
| accessible =
| bicycle = No
| depth =
| levels =
| parking = No
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MLP
| zone = [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Hubli}}
}}
| status = Functioning
| closed =
| former =
| opened =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Double Line Electrified
| passengers =
| mpassengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = 
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| map_type = India Karnataka
| map_dot_label = Mallapur railway station
| map_size = 300px
}}
'''Mallapur railway station''' (station code: '''MLP''') falls under [[Hubli railway division]] of [[South Western Railway zone|South Western Railway]] in [[Gadag district]], [[Karnataka]], India. Mallapur railway station has two platforms which serve mainly Mallapur Village and nearby Towns of [[Ron, Karnataka|Ron]] & [[Nargund]] and Pilgrimages travelling to [[Yamanur]].

== Major trains ==
Trains that run through/from Mallapur are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/mallapur-mlp/3765|title=Departures from Mallapur SWR/South Western Zone - Railway Enquiry}}</ref>
* Vijayapur–Hubballi Intercity Express
* Solapur–Gadag DEMU Passenger
* Solapur–Hubballi Passenger
* Solapur–Dharwad Passenger
* Vijayapur–Hubballi Passenger
* Vijayapur-Yesvantpur Special Fare Daily Exp
* Vijayapur-Mangaluru Jn Special Fare Daily Exp

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Railway stations in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hubli railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Gadag district]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in the 19th century]]

North Reef Island (Andaman Islands)

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{{Short description|Island of the Andaman Islands}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{citation style|date=September 2016}}

{{Infobox islands
| name = North Reef Island
| native_name =
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| map_caption = Location of North Reef Island
| coordinates = {{coord|13.08|N|92.70|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Andaman Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| total_islands = 1
| major_islands = {{hlist|North Reef }}
| area_km2 = 3.7
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman|access-date=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 3.0
| width_km = 2.8
| coastline_km = 10.9
| elevation_m = 6.1
| elevation_footnotes =
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Andaman Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Island sub-group
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[North Reef Group]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Diglipur|Diglipur Taluk]]
| population = 0
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 = 0
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups = [[Hindu]], [[Andamanese people|Andamanese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744202<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |title=A&N Islands - Pincodes |date=2016-09-22 |accessdate=2016-09-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |archivedate=2014-03-23 }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 031927 <ref>[http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman+and+nicobar.php code]</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|30.2|°C|°F}}
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|23.0|°C|°F}}
| label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =15.0[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.639.0004
}}
}}
'''North Reef Island''' is an island of the [[Andaman Islands]]. It belongs to the [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]] administrative [[Districts of India|district]], part of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-VillageDirectory/Directory/short_code_rural_35.pdf|title=Village Code Directory: Andaman & Nicobar Islands|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=January 16, 2011}}</ref> The island lies {{convert|156|km|0|abbr=on}} north from [[Port Blair]].

==Geography==
The island is in the [[North Reef Group]] of Islands, which also includes Latouche Island and Shark Island. It lies west of [[North Andaman]].

==Administration==
Politically, North Reef Island, along neighboring North Reef Islands, is part of [[Diglipur]] [[Tehsils of India|Tehsil]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |title=Tehsils |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Fauna==
North Reef Sanctuary is located on the island. it is dedicated to the nurturing of a variety of water birds.<ref>[http://www.sanctuariesindia.com/north-reef-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar official site]</ref>

==Transportation==
To arrive at North Reef Island, you have to reach [[Interview Island]]. To reach [[Interview Island]], the only way is to charter a private fishing dinghy from [[Mayabunder]] jetty. From this island, you can try reaching North Reef Island.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatravelnext.com/islands-of-andaman/north-reef-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar.html |title=North Reef Island in Andaman and Nicobar, Information of North Reef Island |website=www.indiatravelnext.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520215543/http://www.indiatravelnext.com/islands-of-andaman/north-reef-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar.html |archive-date=20 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Portal|India}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{{North and Middle Andaman district |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:North Reef Island}}
[[Category:Islands of North and Middle Andaman district]]

{{AndamanNicobar-geo-stub}}

Raghunath Rao Malkapure

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Raghunath Rao Malkapure
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|10|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = Malkapur
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| office = [[List of chairpersons of the Karnataka Legislative Council|Pro-tem Chairperson of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 17 May 2022
| term_end = 21 Dec 2022
| predecessor = [[Basavaraj Horatti]]
| successor = [[Basavaraj Horatti]]
| office1 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]
| term_start1 = 18 June 2012
| termend1 = 17 June 2024
| successor1 = [[Ivan D'Souza]]
| constituency1 = Elected by MLA
| nationality = [[India]]n
| children = Pranay Malkapure
| image =
}}

'''Raghunath Rao Narsappa Malkapure''' is an Indian politician who is the current member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] from Bidar Constituency and also former Pro-tem Chairman of [[Karnataka Legislative Council|Karnataka Legislative council]].
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/11-members-elected-uncontested-to-karnataka-legislative-council-from-assembly/states/news/1251011.html|title=11 members elected uncontested to Karnataka Legislative Council From Assembly|website=Iniindia.com|accessdate=4 June 2018}}</ref>

He also served as State President,Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha. {{cn|date=June 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malkapure, Raghunath Rao}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]
[[Category:1958 births]]

{{Karnataka-BJP-politician-stub}}

List of Tirukkural translations by language

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Naga Kingdom

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Dwarkadheesh – Bhagwaan Shree Krishn

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Garjanam

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INS Veer (K40)

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Panti, Allahabad

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Safidon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

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