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2026 Bengaluru Open

2026-05-08T01:46:06Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Infobox tennis event|2026|Bengaluru Open|
| date= 5 – 10 January
| edition=10th
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| location=[[Bangalore]], India
| champs={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pedro Martínez (tennis)|Pedro Martínez]]
| champd={{flagicon|COL}} [[Nicolás Barrientos]] / {{flagicon|USA}} [[Benjamin Kittay]]
| after_year=2026
| after_name=Bengaluru Open II
}}

The '''2026 Dafa News [[Bengaluru Open]]''' was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the tenth edition of the tournament which was part of the [[2026 ATP Challenger Tour]]. It took place in [[Bangalore]], India, from 5 to 10 January 2026.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://bengaluruopen.com/bengaluru-open-is-one-of-the-best-challenger-tournaments-in-the-world-says-india-ace-sumit-nagal/|title= ‘Bengaluru Open is one of the best challenger tournaments in the world,’ says India ace Sumit Nagal|date=5 January 2026}}</ref>

==Singles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="185"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-
|{{flag|ESP}}
|[[Pedro Martínez (tennis)|Pedro Martínez]]
|92
|1
|-
|{{flag|FRA}}
|[[Harold Mayot]]
|163
|2
|-
|{{flag|GBR}}
|[[Jay Clarke (tennis)|Jay Clarke]]
|175
|3
|-
|{{flag|RSA}}
|[[Lloyd Harris (tennis)|Lloyd Harris]]
|222
|4
|-
|{{flag|CRO}}
|[[Matej Dodig]]
|232
|5
|-
|{{flag|KAZ}}
|[[Timofey Skatov]]
|237
|6
|-
|{{flag|NED}}
|[[Max Houkes]]
|247
|7
|-
|{{flag|LBN}}
|[[Benjamin Hassan]]
|254
|8
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 29 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles|title=Rankings | Singles | ATP Tour | Tennis|website=ATP Tour}}</ref>

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[S D Prajwal Dev]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhakshineswar Suresh]]

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|FRA}} Felix Balshaw
* {{flagicon|FRA}} Alexis Gautier
* {{flagicon|MAS}} Mitsuki Wei Kang Leong
* {{flagicon|TUN}} [[Aziz Ouakaa]]
* {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Eero Vasa]]
* {{flagicon|NED}} [[Niels Visker]]

==Champions==
===Singles===
{{main|2026 Bengaluru Open – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|ESP}} '''[[Pedro Martínez (tennis)|Pedro Martínez]]''' def. {{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Timofey Skatov]] 7–6(7–5), 6–3.

===Doubles===
{{main|2026 Bengaluru Open – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|COL}} '''[[Nicolás Barrientos]]''' / {{flagicon|USA}} '''[[Benjamin Kittay]]''' def. {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Arthur Reymond]] / {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Luca Sanchez]] 7–6(11–9), 7–5.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2026 ATP Challenger Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengaluru Open, 2026}}
[[Category:2026 ATP Challenger Tour]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Open|2026]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian sport]]
[[Category:January 2026 sports events in India]]

Triple jump

2026-05-07T19:10:14Z

OlivaGabel6: new new info

{{Short description|Track and field event}}
{{About|the athletics event|the jump with three revolutions in figure ice-skating and roller-skating|Figure skating jumps}}
{{Infobox athletics event
|event= Triple jump
|image= [[File:Willie Banks Jr. in Seoul 1988.jpg|240px]]
|caption= Former world record holder [[Willie Banks]] during the [[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump|1988 Summer Olympics]] in [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]
|WRmen= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] {{T&Fcalc|18.29}} (1995)}}
|ORmen= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Kenny Harrison]] {{T&Fcalc|18.09}} (1996)}}
|CRmen= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] {{T&Fcalc|18.29}} (1995)}}
|WRwomen= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Yulimar Rojas]] {{T&Fcalc|15.74}} {{athAbbr|i}} (2022)}}
|ORwomen= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Yulimar Rojas]] {{T&Fcalc|15.67}} (2021)}}
|CRwomen= {{nowrap|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Inessa Kravets]] {{T&Fcalc|15.50}} (1995)}}
}}
[[File:Men's Triple Jump.webm|thumb|[[International University Sports Federation]] – Gwangju 2015 – Men's Triple Jump Final, [[Dmitry Sorokin]] (RUS 17.29) wins gold.]]
The '''triple jump''', sometimes referred to as the '''hop, step and jump''' or the '''hop, skip and jump''', is a [[track and field]] event, similar to [[long jump]]. As a group, the two events are referred to as the "horizontal jumps". The competitor runs down the track and performs a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit. The triple jump was inspired by accounts of lengthy jumps at the [[ancient Olympic Games]] and has been a [[Olympic Games|modern Olympics]] event since the Games' inception in 1896.

According to [[World Athletics]] rules, "the hop shall be made so that an athlete lands first on the same foot
as that from which he has taken off; in the step he shall land on the
other foot, from which, subsequently, the jump is performed."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/download/download?filename=7c4c7e46-8979-453d-a355-a736fdac2281.pdf&urlslug=Competition%20Rules%202012-13 |title=IAAF Competition Rules 2012-2013 |access-date=2013-08-18}}</ref>

The [[Triple jump world record progression#Men|male world record holder]] is [[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] of [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]], with a distance of {{T&Fcalc|18.29}}. The [[Triple jump world record progression#Women|female world record holder]] is [[Yulimar Rojas]] of [[Venezuela]], with a distance of {{T&Fcalc|15.74}}.

==History==
Historical sources on the ancient Olympic Games occasionally mention jumps of 15 metres or more. This led sports historians to conclude that these must have been a series of jumps, thus providing the basis for the triple jump.<ref>Rosenbaum, Mike (2012). An Illustrated History of the Triple Jump. Retrieved from http://trackandfield.about.com/od/triplejump/ss/illustriplejump.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206060003/http://trackandfield.about.com/od/triplejump/ss/illustriplejump.htm |date=2009-02-06 }}.</ref> However, there is no evidence for the triple jump being included in the ancient Olympic Games, and the recorded extraordinary distances may be due to the artistic license of the authors of victory poems, rather than attempts to report accurate results.<ref>Koski, Rissanen & Tahvanainen (2004). Antiikin urheilu. Olympian kentiltä Rooman areenoille. [The Sports of Antiquity. From the Fields of Olympia to Roman Arenas.] Jyväskylä: Atena Kustannus Oy. {{ISBN|951-796-341-6}}</ref>

The triple jump was a part of the [[1896 Olympics|inaugural modern Olympics]] in 1896 in Athens, although at the time it consisted of two hops on the same foot and then a jump.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/triple-jump|title=Triple jump {{!}} athletics|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2018-03-01}}</ref> The first modern Olympic champion, [[James Connolly (athlete born 1868)|James Connolly]], was a triple jumper. Early Olympics also included the [[standing triple jump]], although this has since been removed from the Olympic program and is rarely performed in competition today. The women's triple jump was introduced into the Atlanta Olympics in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1996/ATH/womens-triple-jump.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417174449/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1996/ATH/womens-triple-jump.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-04-17 |title=Athletics at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games: Women's Triple Jump|publisher=Sports-reference.com |access-date=2013-08-18}}</ref>

In [[Irish mythology]] the geal-ruith (triple jump) was an event contested in the ancient Irish [[Tailteann Games (ancient)|Tailteann Games]] as early as 1829 BC.<ref>Adams, Patricia (2006-03-01). History of the Highland Games and Women in Scottish Athletics. ''...contained in the Irish "Book of Leinster", which was written in the twelfth century AD...this book describes the Tailteann Games held at Telltown, County Meath from 1829 BC until at least 554 BC...included in these events...were the geal-ruith (triple jump)''. [[Clan MacTavish]] Genealogy and History, 1 March 2006. Retrieved from http://www.dunardry.net/ladies_lounge.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517052239/http://www.dunardry.net/ladies_lounge.html |date=2008-05-17 }}.</ref>

==Technique==

===Approach===

The approach is one of the most important parts of an athlete's jump. The athlete sprints down a runway to a takeoff mark, from which the triple jump is measured. The takeoff mark is commonly either a piece of wood or similar material embedded in the runway, or a rectangle painted on the runway surface. In modern championships, a strip of [[plasticine]], tape, or modeling clay is attached to the far edge of the board to record athletes overstepping or "scratching" the mark, defined by the trailing edge of the board. These boards are placed at different places on the runway depending on how far the athlete can jump. Typically the boards are set {{convert|40|ft|m}}, {{convert|32|ft|m}}, and {{convert|24|ft|m}} from the pit. These are the most common boards seen at the high school and junior levels, but boards can be placed anywhere on the runway. There are three phases of the triple jump: the "hop" phase, the "bound" or "step" phase, and the "jump" phase. They all play an important role in the jump itself. These three phases are executed in one continuous sequence. The athlete has to maintain a good speed through each phase. They should also try to stay consistent to avoid fouls.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eissa|first=Abeer|date=2014-03-27|title=Biomechanical evaluation of the phases of the triple jump take-off in a top female athlete|journal=Journal of Human Kinetics|volume=40|pages=29–35|doi=10.2478/hukin-2014-0004|issn=1640-5544|pmc=4096103|pmid=25031670}}</ref>

{{Panorama
|image = File:Triple Jump,Idowu Phillips, Beijing 08.jpg
|height = 130
|alt =
|caption = Phases of [[Phillips Idowu]] jumping at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]]
}}

===Hop===

The hop begins with the athlete jumping from the take-off board on one leg, which for descriptive purposes, will be the right leg. Precise placement of the foot on the take-off is important for the athlete to avoid a foul. The objective of the first phase is to hop ''out'', with athletes focusing all momentum forward. The hop landing phase is very active, involving a powerful backward "pawing" action of the right leg, with the right take-off foot landing heel first on the runway.

===Step===

The hop landing also marks the beginning of the step phase, where the athlete utilizes the backward momentum of the right leg to immediately execute a powerful jump forward and upwards, the left leg assisting the take-off with a hip flexion thrust similar to a bounding motion. This leads to the step-phase mid-air position, with the right take-off leg trailing flexed at the knee, and the left leg now leading flexed at the hip and knee. The jumper then holds this position for as long as possible, before extending the knee of the leading left leg and then immediately beginning a powerful backward motion of the whole left leg, again landing on the runway with a powerful backward pawing action. The takeoff leg should be fully extended with the drive leg thigh just below parallel to the ground. The takeoff leg stays extended behind the body with the heel held high. The drive leg extends with a flexed ankle and snaps downward for a quick transition into the jump phase. The athlete tries to take the farthest step they can while maintaining balance and control, using techniques such as pulling their leg up as high as possible.

===Jump===

The step landing forms the take-off of the final phase (the jump), where the athlete utilizes the backward force from the left leg to take off again. The jump phase is very similar to the [[long jump]] although most athletes have lost too much speed by this time to manage a full hitch kick, and mostly used is a hang or sail technique.

When landing in the sand-filled pit, the jumper should aim to avoid sitting back on landing or placing either hand behind the feet. The sandpit usually begins 13m from the take-off board for male international competition or 11m from the board for international female and club-level male competition. Each phase of the triple jump should get progressively higher, and there should be a regular rhythm to the three landings.

===Foul===

A "foul", also known as a "scratch", or missed jump, occurs when a jumper oversteps the takeoff mark, misses the pit entirely, does not use the correct foot sequence throughout the phases, or does not perform the attempt in the allotted amount of time (usually about 90 seconds). When a jumper "scratches", the seated official will raise a red flag, and the jumper who was "on deck", or up next, prepares to jump.

It shall not be considered a foul if an athlete while jumping, should touch or scrape the ground with his/her "sleeping leg". Also called a "scrape foul", "sleeping leg" touch violations were ruled as fouls before the mid-1980s. The IAAF changed the rules following outrage at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in Moscow when Soviet field officials in the [[Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump#Controversy|men's triple jump final]] ruled as foul eight of the twelve jumps made by two leading competitors (from Brazil and Australia) thus helping two Soviet jumpers win the gold and silver medals.

==Records==
*Updated 24 April 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldathletics.org/records/by-discipline/jumps/triple-jump/all/men |title=Men's Triple Jump {{!}} Records |website=worldathletics.org |publisher=[[World Athletics]] |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldathletics.org/records/by-discipline/jumps/triple-jump/all/women |title=Women's Triple Jump {{!}} Records |website=worldathletics.org |publisher=[[World Athletics]] |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2| Area
!scope="colgroup" colspan=3| Men
!scope="colgroup" colspan=3| Women
|-
!scope="col"| Mark
!scope="col"| Wind (m/s)
!scope="col"| Athlete
!scope="col"| Mark
!scope="col"| Wind (m/s)
!scope="col"| Athlete
|-
!scope="row"| [[List of world records in athletics|World]]
| '''{{T&Fcalc|18.29}}''' ||align=center| +1.3 || {{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|15.74}}''' {{athAbbr|i}} || || {{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|-
!colspan=7|Continental records
|-
!scope="row"| [[Confederation of African Athletics|Africa]] {{small|(''[[List of African records in athletics|records]]'')}}
| '''{{T&Fcalc|18.07}}''' {{athAbbr|i}} || || {{flagathlete|[[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|BUR}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|15.39}}''' ||align=center| +0.5 || {{flagathlete|[[Françoise Mbango Etone]]|CMR}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian Athletics Association|Asia]] {{small|(''[[List of Asian records in athletics|records]]'')}}
| '''{{T&Fcalc|17.68}}''' ||align=center| +1.0 || {{flagathlete|[[Wu Ruiting]]|CHN}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|15.25}}''' ||align=center| +1.7 || {{flagathlete|[[Olga Rypakova]]|KAZ}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[European Athletic Association|Europe]] {{small|(''[[List of European records in athletics|records]]'')}}
| '''{{T&Fcalc|18.29}}''' ||align=center| +1.3 || {{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|15.50}}''' ||align=center| +0.9 || {{flagathlete|[[Inessa Kravets]]|UKR}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[North America, Central America and Caribbean Athletic Association|North, Central America and Caribbean]] {{small|(''[[List of North, Central American and Caribbean records in athletics|records]]'')}}
| '''{{T&Fcalc|18.21}}''' ||align=center| +0.2 || {{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|15.29}}''' ||align=center| +0.3 || {{flagathlete|[[Yamilé Aldama]]|CUB}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[Oceania Athletics Association|Oceania]] {{small|(''[[List of Oceanian records in athletics|records]]'')}}
| '''{{T&Fcalc|17.46}}''' ||align=center| +1.7 || {{flagathlete|[[Ken Lorraway]]|AUS}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|14.04}}''' ||align=center| +1.8 || {{flagathlete|[[Nicole Mladenis]]|AUS}}
|-
!scope="row"| [[CONSUDATLE|South America]] {{small|(''[[List of South American records in athletics|records]]'')}}
| '''{{T&Fcalc|17.90}}''' ||align=center|+0.4|| {{flagathlete|[[Jadel Gregório]]|BRA}} || '''{{T&Fcalc|15.74}}''' {{athAbbr|i}} || || {{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|}

==All-time top 25==
{{See also|Triple jump world record progression}}
{| style="wikitable"
|Outdoor tables show data for two definitions of "Top 25" - the top 25 '''triple jump marks''' and the top 25 '''athletes''':
|-
| style="background: #f6F5CE" |''- denotes top performance for '''athletes''' in the top 25 '''triple jump marks'''''
|-
|''- denotes lesser performances, still in the top 25 '''triple jump marks''', by repeat athletes''
|-
| style="background: #CCFFCC" |''- denotes top performance (only) for other top 25 '''athletes''' who fall outside the top 25 triple jump marks''
|}
*{{As of|2026|April}}.<ref name=AlltimeMO>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/jumps/triple-jump/outdoor/men/senior Triple Jump - men - senior - outdoor]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.</ref><ref name=AlltimeWO>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/jumps/triple-jump/outdoor/women/senior Triple Jump - women - senior - outdoor]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2021-08-01.</ref><ref name=AlltimeMI>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/jumps/triple-jump/indoor/men/senior Triple Jump - men - senior - indoor]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.</ref><ref name=AlltimeWI>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/jumps/triple-jump/indoor/women/senior Triple Jump - women - senior - indoor]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2021-08-01.</ref>

=== Men (outdoor) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! {{abbr|Ath.#|Athlete rank}} !! {{abbr|Perf.#|Performance rank}} !! Mark !! Wind (m/s) !! Athlete !! Nation !! Date !! Place !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|1 || align="center"|1 || {{T&Fcalc|18.29}} || align="center" |+1.3 || [[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] || {{GBR2}} || 7 August 1995 || [[Gothenburg]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|2 || align="center"|2 || {{T&Fcalc|18.21}} || align="center" |+0.2 || [[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]] || {{USA}} || 27 August 2015 || [[Beijing]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Results|url=http://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/4875/AT-TJ-M-f----.RS6.pdf|work=IAAF|date=27 August 2015|access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref>
|-bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
|align="center"|3
|align="center"|3
|{{T&Fcalc|18.18}}
|align="center"|−0.3
|[[Jordan Díaz (triple jumper)|Jordan Díaz]]
|{{ESP}}
|11 June 2024
|[[Rome]]
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=European Athletics Championships {{!}} Results {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7158244?eventId=10229618&gender=M |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
|-
| || align="center" |4 || {{T&Fcalc|18.16}} || align="center" |+1.3 || ''Edwards #2''|| || 7 August 1995 || [[Gothenburg]]||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center" |4 || align="center" |5 || {{T&Fcalc|18.14}} || align="center" |+0.4 || [[Will Claye]]|| {{USA}} || 29 June 2019 || [[Long Beach]]|| <ref>{{cite news|title=Claye moves to third on world all-time triple jump list with 18.14m|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/will-claye-1814-jim-bush-long-beach-2019|publisher=IAAF|author=John Mulkeen|date=30 June 2019|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| || align="center" |6 || {{T&Fcalc|18.11}} || align="center" |+0.8 || ''Taylor #2''|| || 27 May 2017 || [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center" |5 || align="center" |7 || {{T&Fcalc|18.09}} || align="center" |−0.4 || [[Kenny Harrison]]|| {{USA}} || 27 July 1996 || [[Atlanta]]||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center" |6 || align="center" |8 || {{T&Fcalc|18.08}} || align="center" |±0.0 || [[Pedro Pichardo]]|| {{CUB}}|| 28 May 2015 || [[Havana]]|| <ref>{{cite news|title=Pichardo triple jumps 18.08m in Havana|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/pichardo-triple-jump-1808m|publisher=IAAF|author1=Javier Clavelo Robinson|author2=Phil Minshull|date=29 May 2015|access-date=30 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | || rowspan="3" align="center" |9 || rowspan="3" |{{T&Fcalc|18.06}} || align="center" |+0.8 || ''Pichardo #2'' || rowspan="3" | || 15 May 2015 || [[Doha]] ||
|-
| align="center" |+1.1 || ''Taylor #3'' || 9 July 2015 || [[Lausanne]] ||
|-
| align="center" |+0.4 || ''Claye #2'' || 24 August 2019 || Paris ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|7 || align="center" |12 || {{T&Fcalc|18.04}} || align="center" |+0.3 || [[Teddy Tamgho]] || {{FRA}} || 18 August 2013 || [[Moscow]] ||
|-
| rowspan="9" | || rowspan="2" align="center" |12 || rowspan="2" | {{T&Fcalc|18.04}} || align="center" |+0.8 || ''Taylor #4'' || rowspan="9" | || 15 May 2015 || [[Doha]] ||
|-
|align="center"|−0.6
|''Pichardo #3''
|11 June 2024
|[[Rome]]
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
| align="center" |15 || {{T&Fcalc|18.01}} || align="center" |+0.4 || ''Edwards #3''|| 9 July 1998 || [[Oslo]]||
|-
| align="center" |16 || {{T&Fcalc|18.00}} || align="center" |+1.3 || ''Edwards #4''|| 27 August 1995 || [[London]]||
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center" |17 || rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|17.99}} || align="center" |+0.5 || ''Edwards #5''|| 23 August 1998 || [[Budapest]] ||
|-
| align="center" | +1.8 || ''Pichardo #4''|| 9 July 2015 || [[Lausanne]]||
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" |19 || rowspan="3" |{{T&Fcalc|17.98}} || align="center" |+1.8 || ''Edwards #6'' || 18 July 1995 || [[Salamanca]] ||
|-
| align="center" |+1.2 || ''Tamgho #2'' || 12 June 2010 || [[New York City]] ||
|-
| align="center" |±0.0 || ''Pichardo #5'' || 5 August 2021 || [[Tokyo]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|8 || align="center" |22 || {{T&Fcalc|17.97}} || align="center" |+1.5 || [[Willie Banks]] || {{USA}} || 16 June 1985 || [[Indianapolis]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | || rowspan=2 align="center"|23 || rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|17.96}} || align="center" |+0.1 || ''Taylor #5'' || rowspan="4" | || 4 September 2011 || [[Deagu]] ||
|-
| align="center" |−0.4 || ''Pichardo #6'' || 4 June 2015 || [[Rome]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2 align="center"|25 || rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|17.95}} || align="center" |+0.6 || ''Pichardo #7'' || 4 May 2018 || [[Doha]] ||
|-
| align="center" |+0.3 || ''Pichardo #8'' || 23 July 2022 || [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Men's Triple Jump Final Results|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7137279/AT-TJ-M-f----.RS6.pdf|work=World Athletics|date=23 July 2022|access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| rowspan="2" align="center" |9
| rowspan="19" |
| rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|17.92}}
| align="center" | +1.6 || [[Khristo Markov]] || {{flag|Bulgaria|1971}}
|31 August 1987
|[[Rome]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+1.9 || [[James Beckford (athlete)|James Beckford]] || {{JAM}}
|20 May 1995
|[[Odessa, Texas|Odessa]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center rowspan=2|11
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.90}}
|align=center|+1.0 || [[Vladimir Inozemtsev]] || {{URS}}
|20 June 1990
|[[Bratislava]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+0.4 || [[Jadel Gregório]] || {{BRA}}
|20 May 2007
|[[Belém]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|13
|{{T&Fcalc|17.89}} {{AthAbbr|A}}||align=center|±0.0 || [[João Carlos de Oliveira]] || {{BRA}}
|15 October 1975
|[[Mexico City]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| rowspan="2" align="center" |14
| rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|17.87}} ||align=center|+1.7 || [[Mike Conley Sr.|Mike Conley]] || {{USA}}
|27 June 1987
|[[San Jose, California|San Jose]]
|
|-bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|align="center" | +1.3
|[[Jaydon Hibbert]]
|{{JAM}}
|13 May 2023
|[[Baton Rouge]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilson clocks 49.13 for 400m, Hibbert breaks world U20 triple jump record with 17.87m {{!}} REPORT {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/britton-wilson-4913-jaydon-hibbert-u20-triple-jump-record-1787 |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| align="center" |16
|{{T&Fcalc|17.86}} || align="center" |+1.3 || [[Charles Simpkins]]|| {{USA}}
|2 September 1985
|[[Kobe]]
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| align="center" |17
|{{T&Fcalc|17.85}} || align="center" |±0.0 || [[Yoelbi Quesada]]|| {{CUB}}
|8 August 1997
|[[Athens]]
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| align="center" |18
|{{T&Fcalc|17.82}} || align="center" |+0.2 || [[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|| {{BUR}}
|6 July 2021
|[[Székesfehérvár]]
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| rowspan="2" align="center" |19
| rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|17.81}}
| align="center" | +1.0 || [[Marian Oprea]] || {{ROU}}
|5 July 2005
|[[Lausanne]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+0.1 || [[Phillips Idowu]] || {{GBR2}}
|29 July 2009
|[[Barcelona]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|21
|{{T&Fcalc|17.79}}
|align=center|+1.4 || [[Christian Olsson]] || {{SWE}}
|22 August 2004
|[[Athens]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center rowspan=2|22
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.78}}
|align=center|+1.0 || [[Nikolay Musiyenko]] || {{URS}}
|7 June 1986
|[[Leningrad]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+0.8 || [[Melvin Lister]] || {{USA}}
|17 July 2004
|[[Havana]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|24
|{{T&Fcalc|17.77}}
|align=center|+1.0 || [[Aleksandr Kovalenko (athlete)|Aleksandr Kovalenko]] || {{URS}}
|18 July 1987
|[[Bryansk]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| rowspan="3" align="center" |25
| rowspan="3" |{{T&Fcalc|17.75}}
|align=center|+0.3 || [[Oleg Protsenko]] || {{URS}}
|10 June 1990
|[[Moscow]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+1.0 || [[Leonid Voloshin]] || {{URS}}
|26 August 1991
|[[Tokyo]]
|
|-bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| align=center|+0.9
|[[Andy Díaz]]
|{{ITA}}
|2 June 2023
|[[Florence]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Result|url=https://static.sportresult.com/sports/at/data/2023/rome/ATHMTRPLJUMPDIAMOND---FNL-000100--_C73H2_1.0.PDF|work=sportresult.com|date=2 June 2023|access-date=9 June 2023|archive-date=9 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909071053/https://static.sportresult.com/sports/at/data/2023/rome/ATHMTRPLJUMPDIAMOND---FNL-000100--_C73H2_1.0.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

====Ancillary marks====
Jumps made en route to final marks that would be top 25 performances:<ref>{{cite web|title=All-time men's best triple jump {{!}} ancillary jumps – en route to final marks|url=http://www.alltime-athletics.com/mtripok.htm#2|website=alltime-athletics.com|access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref>
*[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] also jumped 18.16 (+1.3) in Gothenburg, Sweden on 7 August 1995.
*[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]] also jumped 18.02 (+0.8) in Lausanne, Switzerland on 9 July 2015.
*[[Kenny Harrison]] also jumped 17.99 (−0.1) in Atlanta, Georgia on 27 July 1996.
*[[Jordan Díaz (triple jumper)|Jordan Díaz]] also jumped 17.96 (−0.3) in Rome, Italy on 11 June 2024.

====Assisted marks====
Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of [[wind-assisted]] jumps (equal or superior to 17.75 m). Only the best-assisted mark that is superior to the legal best is shown:
*[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]] jumped 18.43 (+2.4) in Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France on 25 June 1995.
*[[Willie Banks]] jumped 18.20 (+5.2) in Indianapolis, Indiana on 16 July 1988.
*[[Mike Conley Sr.|Mike Conley]] jumped 18.17 (+2.1) in Barcelona, Spain on 3 August 1992.
*[[Yoelbi Quesada]] jumped 17.97 (+7.5) in Madrid, Spain on 20 June 1995.
*[[Charles Simpkins]] jumped 17.93 (+5.2) in Indianapolis, Indiana on 16 July 1988.
*[[Jordan Díaz (triple jumper)|Jordan Díaz]] jumped 17.93 (+2.5) in Nerja, Spain on 26 June 2022.
*[[Christian Olsson]] jumped 17.92 (+3.4) in Gateshead, United Kingdom on 13 June 2003.
*[[Denis Kapustin (athlete)|Denis Kapustin]] jumped 17.86 (+5.7) in Seville, Spain on 5 June 1994.
*[[Nelson Évora]] jumped 17.82 (+2.5) in Seixal, Portugal on 26 June 2009.
*[[Keith Connor]] jumped 17.81 (+4.6) in Brisbane, Australia on 9 October 1982.
*[[Kenta Bell]] jumped 17.76 (+2.2) {{AthAbbr|A}} in El Paso, Texas on 10 April 2004.
*[[Gennadiy Valyukevich]] jumped 17.75 (+3.0) in Uzhhorod, Soviet Union on 27 April 1986
*[[Brian Wellman]] jumped 17.75 (+7.1) in Madrid, Spain on 20 June 1995.

====Annulled marks====
*[[Lazaro Betancourt]] jumped 17.78 (+0.6) in Havana, Cuba on 15 June 1986. This performance was annulled after he failed a drug test.

=== Women (outdoor) ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! {{abbr|Ath.#|Athlete rank}} !! {{abbr|Perf.#|Performance rank}} !! Mark !! Wind (m/s) !! Athlete !! Nation !! Date !! Place !! class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|1 || align="center"|1 || {{T&Fcalc|15.67}} || align="center" |+0.7 || [[Yulimar Rojas]] || {{VEN}} || 1 August 2021 || [[Tokyo]] ||
|-
| || align="center"|2 || {{T&Fcalc|15.52}} || align="center" |+0.6 || ''Rojas #2'' || || 26 August 2021 || [[Lausanne]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|2 || align="center"|3 || {{T&Fcalc|15.50}} || align="center" |+0.9 || [[Inessa Kravets]] || {{UKR}} || 10 August 1995 || [[Gothenburg]] ||
|-
| rowspan=4| || align="center"|4 || {{T&Fcalc|15.48}} || align="center" |+0.3 || ''Rojas #3'' || rowspan=4| || 9 September 2021 || [[Zürich]] ||
|-
| align="center"|5 || {{T&Fcalc|15.47}} || align="center" |+1.9 || ''Rojas #4'' || 18 July 2022 || [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Women's Triple Jump Results|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7137279/AT-TJ-W-f----.RS6.pdf|work=World Athletics|date=18 July 2022|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center"|6 || {{T&Fcalc|15.43}} || align="center" |+0.7 || ''Rojas #5'' || 22 May 2021 || [[Andújar]] ||
|-
| align="center"|7 || {{T&Fcalc|15.41}} || align="center" |+1.5 || ''Rojas #6'' || 6 September 2019 || [[Andújar]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|3 || align="center"|8 || {{T&Fcalc|15.39}} || align="center" |+0.5 || [[Françoise Mbango Etone]] || {{CMR}} || 17 August 2008 || [[Beijing]] ||
|-
| || align="center"|9 || {{T&Fcalc|15.37}} || align="center" |−0.6 || ''Rojas #7'' || rowspan="2" | || 5 October 2019 || [[Doha]] ||
|-
|
|align="center"|10
|{{T&Fcalc|15.35}}
|align="center"| +1.2
|''Rojas #8''
|16 September 2023
|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Result|url=https://livecache.sportresult.com/node/binaryData/ATH_PROD/EUGENE2023/PDF_ATHWTRPLJUMPDIAMOND---FNL-000100--_C73H2.PDF?h=vaWx6QMBw3sxIPFQnX6KcModLMM=|work=sportresult.com|date=16 September 2023|access-date=19 September 2023}}{{dead link|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center" |4 || align="center" |11 || {{T&Fcalc|15.34}} || align="center" |−0.5 || [[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|| {{RUS}} || 4 July 2005 || [[Heraklion]]||
|-
| rowspan="3" | || rowspan="2" align="center" |12 || rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|15.33}} || align="center" |−0.1 || ''Kravets #2'' || rowspan="3" | || 31 July 1996 || [[Atlanta]] ||
|-
| align="center" |+1.2 || ''Lebedeva #2'' || 6 July 2004 || [[Lausanne]] ||
|-
| align="center"|14 || {{T&Fcalc|15.32}} || align="center" |+0.5 || ''Lebedeva #3'' || 9 September 2000 || [[Yokohama]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|5 || align="center"|14 || {{T&Fcalc|15.32}} || align="center" |+0.9 || [[Hrysopiyi Devetzi]] || {{GRE}} || 21 August 2004 || [[Athens]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|6 || align="center"|16 || {{T&Fcalc|15.31}} || align="center" |±0.0 || [[Caterine Ibargüen]] || {{COL}} || 18 July 2014 || [[Monaco]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |
|align="center"|16
|{{T&Fcalc|15.31}}
|align="center"|−0.2
|''Rojas #9''
| rowspan="2" |
|26 August 2022
|[[Lausanne]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Results|url=https://static.sportresult.com/sports/at/data/2022/lausanne/re1840040.pdf|work=sportresult.com|date=26 August 2022|access-date=9 September 2022|archive-date=9 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909111915/https://static.sportresult.com/sports/at/data/2022/lausanne/re1840040.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |18 || {{T&Fcalc|15.30}} || align="center" |+0.5 || ''Mbango Etone #2'' || 23 August 2004 || [[Athens]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|7 || align="center"|19 || {{T&Fcalc|15.29}} || align="center" |+0.3 || [[Yamilé Aldama]] || {{CUB}} || 11 July 2003 || [[Rome]] ||
|-
| || align="center"|20 || {{T&Fcalc|15.28}} || align="center" |+0.3 || ''Aldama #2'' || || 2 August 2004 || [[Linz]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|8 || align="center"|20 || {{T&Fcalc|15.28}} || align="center" |+0.9 || [[Yargelis Savigne]] || {{CUB}} || 31 August 2007 || [[Osaka]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |
|align="center"|20
|{{T&Fcalc|15.28}}
| align="center" |−0.2 || ''Rojas #10''
| rowspan="4" | || 8 September 2022 || [[Zürich]] || <ref>{{cite news|title=Duplantis and Rojas retain Diamond League titles with dominant performances in Zurich|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/diamond-league-final-zurich-weltklasse-duplantis-rojas|publisher=World Athletics|author1=Jess Whittington|author2=Jon Mulkeen|date=8 September 2022|access-date=16 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| align="center" |23 || {{T&Fcalc|15.27}} || align="center" |+1.2 || ''Aldama #3'' || 8 August 2003 || [[London]] ||
|-
| rowspan=2 align="center"|24 || rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|15.25}} || align="center" |−0.8 || ''Lebedeva #4'' || 10 August 2001 || [[Edmonton]] ||
|-
| align="center" |−0.1 || ''Devetzi #2'' || 23 August 2004 || [[Athens]] ||
|- bgcolor="#f6F5CE"
| align="center"|9 || align="center"|24 || {{T&Fcalc|15.25}} || align="center" |+1.7 || [[Olga Rypakova]] || {{KAZ}} || 4 September 2010 || [[Split, Croatia|Split]] ||
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|rowspan=2 align=center|10
| rowspan="17" |
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|15.20}}
|align=center|±0.0 || [[Šárka Kašpárková]] || {{CZE}} || 4 August 1997 ||[[Athens]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|−0.3 || [[Tereza Marinova]] || {{BUL}} || 24 September 2000 ||[[Sydney]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|12
||{{T&Fcalc|15.18}} ||align=center|+0.3 || [[Iva Prandzheva]] || {{BUL}} || 10 August 1995 ||[[Gothenburg]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|rowspan=2 align=center|13
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|15.16}}
|align=center|+0.1 || [[Rodica Mateescu]] || {{ROU}} || 4 August 1997 ||[[Athens]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+0.7 || [[Trecia Smith]] || {{JAM}} || 2 August 2004 ||[[Linz]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|15
|{{T&Fcalc|15.15}}||align=center|+1.5 || [[Ashia Hansen]] || {{GBR2}} || 13 September 1997 ||[[Fukuoka]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|16
||{{T&Fcalc|15.14}} ||align=center|+1.9 || [[Nadezhda Alekhina]] || {{RUS}} || 26 July 2009 ||[[Cheboksary]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|rowspan=2 align=center|17
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|15.09}}
|align=center|+0.5 || [[Anna Biryukova]] || {{RUS}} || 29 August 1993 ||[[Stuttgart]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|−0.5 || [[Inna Lasovskaya]] || {{RUS}} || 31 May 1997 ||[[Valencia]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|19
||{{T&Fcalc|15.07}} ||align=center|−0.6 || [[Paraskevi Tsiamita]] || {{GRE}} || 22 August 1999 ||[[Seville]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|20
||{{T&Fcalc|15.04}} ||align=center|+1.7 || [[Ekaterina Koneva]] || {{RUS}} || 30 May 2015 ||[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
| rowspan="3" align="center" |21
| rowspan="3" |{{T&Fcalc|15.03}}
|align=center|+1.9 || [[Magdelín Martínez]] || {{ITA}} || 26 June 2004 ||[[Rome]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+1.1 || [[Marija Šestak]] || {{SLO}} || 17 August 2008 ||[[Beijing]]
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| align="center" |±0.0 || [[Shanieka Ricketts]]|| {{JAM}} || 16 September 2023 ||[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Result|url=https://livecache.sportresult.com/node/binaryData/ATH_PROD/EUGENE2023/PDF_ATHWTRPLJUMPDIAMOND---FNL-000100--_C73H2.PDF?h=vaWx6QMBw3sxIPFQnX6KcModLMM=|work=sportresult.com|date=16 September 2023|access-date=19 September 2023}}{{dead link|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| rowspan="3" align="center" |24
| rowspan="3" |{{T&Fcalc|15.02}}
| align="center" | +0.9
|[[Anna Pyatykh]] || {{RUS}}
|9 August 2006
|[[Gothenburg]]
|
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|+1.9 || [[Maryna Bekh-Romanchuk]] || {{UKR}} || 19 August 2022 || [[Munich]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Final Results|url=https://results.mun.mev.atos.net/ECM2022/resECM2022/pdf/ECM2022/ATH/ECM2022_ATH_C73P_ATHWTRPLJUMP----------FNL---------.pdf|work=European Athletics|date=19 August 2022|access-date=16 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170643/https://results.mun.mev.atos.net/ECM2022/resECM2022/pdf/ECM2022/ATH/ECM2022_ATH_C73P_ATHWTRPLJUMP----------FNL---------.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|align=center|−0.4 || [[Thea LaFond]] || {{DMA}} || 3 August 2024 || [[ Stade de France|Saint-Denis]] || <ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Final Result|url=https://olympics.com/OG2024/pdf/OG2024/ATH/OG2024_ATH_C73H2_ATHWTRPLJUMP----------FNL-000100--.pdf|website=olympics.com|date=3 August 2024|access-date=6 August 2024}}</ref>
|}

====Ancillary marks====
Jumps made en route to final marks that would be top 25 performances:<ref name="alltime-athletics.com">{{cite web|title=All-time women's best triple jump {{!}} ancillary jumps – en route to final marks|url=http://www.alltime-athletics.com/wtripleok.htm#2|website=alltime-athletics.com|access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref>
*[[Yulimar Rojas]] also jumped 15.42 (+1.2) in Lausanne, Switzerland on 26 August 2021; 15.41 (+1.1) in Tokyo, Japan on 1 August 2021; 15.39 (+0.5) in Eugene, Oregon on 18 July 2022; 15.31 (+0.2) in Andújar, Spain on 22 May 2021; 15.27 (−0.4) in Zürich, Switzerland on 9 September 2021; 15.25 (+0.1) in Tokyo on 1 August 2021.
*[[Françoise Mbango Etone]] also jumped 15.30 (+0.5) in Athens, Greece on 23 August 2004.
*[[Tatyana Lebedeva]] also jumped 15.28 (−0.3) in Iráklio, Greece on 4 July 2004.

====Assisted marks====
Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of [[wind-assisted]] jumps (equal or superior to 15.02 m). Only the best-assisted mark that is superior to the legal best is shown:

*[[Magdelin Martínez]] jumped 15.24 (+4.2) {{AthAbbr|A}} in Sestriere, Italy on 1 August 2004.
*[[Anna Pyatykh]] jumped 15.17 (+2.4) in Athens, Greece on 2 July 2006.
*[[Leyanis Pérez]] jumped 15.16 (+2.3) in Guadalajara, Spain on 23 June 2024.
*[[Keila Costa]] jumped 15.10 (+2.7) in Uberlândia, Brazil on 6 May 2007.
*[[Olga Saladukha]] jumped 15.06 (+2.3) in Stockholm, Sweden on 29 July 2011.
*[[Liadagmis Povea]] jumped 15.05 (+3.1) in Havana, Cuba on 8 March 2019.

=== Men (indoor) ===
''Only one performance (best) per athlete''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Rank
!Mark
!Athlete
!Date
!Place
!Ref
|-
!1
|{{T&Fcalc|18.07}} ||align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|BUR}}
|16 January 2021
|[[Aubière]]
|
|-
!2
|{{T&Fcalc|17.92}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Teddy Tamgho]]|FRA}}
|6 March 2011
|Paris
|
|-
!rowspan=2|3
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.83}} || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Aliecer Urrutia]]|CUB}}
|1 March 1997
|[[Sindelfingen]]
|
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Olsson]]|SWE}}
|7 March 2004
|[[Budapest]]
|
|-
!5
|{{T&Fcalc|17.80}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Andy Díaz]]|ITA}}
|21 March 2025
|[[Nanjing Youth Olympic Sports Park|Nanjing]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Men's Triple Jump Results|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7136586/AT-TJ-M-f----.RS6.pdf|website=World Athletics|access-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>
|-
!6
|{{T&Fcalc|17.77}} ||align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Leonid Voloshin]]|RUS}}
|6 February 1994
|[[Grenoble]]
|
|-
!7
|{{T&Fcalc|17.76}} ||align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Mike Conley Sr.|Mike Conley]]|USA}}
|27 February 1987
|[[New York City]]
|
|-
!8
|{{T&Fcalc|17.75}} ||align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Phillips Idowu]]|GBR}}
|9 March 2008
|[[Valencia]]
|
|-
!9
|{{T&Fcalc|17.74}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Marian Oprea]]|ROU}}
|18 February 2006
|[[Bucharest]]
|
|-
!rowspan=2|10
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.73}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Walter Davis (triple jumper)|Walter Davis]]|USA}}
|12 March 2006
|[[Moscow]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Fabrizio Donato]]|ITA}}
|6 March 2011
|Paris
|
|-
!12
|{{T&Fcalc|17.72}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Brian Wellman]]|BER}}
|12 March 1995
|[[Barcelona]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |13
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.70}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Will Claye]]|USA}}
|11 March 2012
|[[Istanbul]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Daniele Greco]]|ITA}}
|2 March 2013
|[[Gothenburg]]
|
|-
!15
|{{T&Fcalc|17.69}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Yoandri Betanzos]]|CUB}}
|14 March 2010
|[[Doha]]
|
|-
!16
|{{T&Fcalc|17.67}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Oleg Protsenko]]|URS}}
|15 January 1987
|[[Osaka]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|17
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.64}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|15 February 1988
|[[Birmingham]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Lázaro Martínez (triple jumper)|Lázaro Martínez]]|CUB}}
|18 March 2022
|[[Belgrade]]
|
|-
!19
|{{T&Fcalc|17.63}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|11 March 2012
|[[Istanbul]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2"|20
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|17.62}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Yoelbi Quesada]]|CUB}}
|12 March 1995
|[[Barcelona]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Yoel García]]|CUB}}
|1 March 1997
|[[Sindelfingen]]
|
|-
!22
|{{T&Fcalc|17.60}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|POR}}
|3 March 2023
|[[Ataköy Athletics Arena|Istanbul]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Triple Jump Final Results|url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/3695/european-athletics-indoor-championships-2023-men-s-triple-jump-results|website=watchathletics.com|date=3 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |23
|{{T&Fcalc|17.59}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Pierre Camara]]|FRA}}
|13 March 1993
|[[Toronto]]
|
|-
|-
|{{T&Fcalc|17.59}} {{AthAbbr}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jordan Díaz (triple jumper)|Jordan Díaz]]|ESP}}
|19 February 2023
|[[Madrid]]
|
|-
!25
|{{T&Fcalc|17.56}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Jadel Gregório]]|BRA}}
|12 March 2006
|[[Moscow]]
|
|}

=== Women (indoor) ===
''Only one performance (best) per athlete''
[[File:Yulimar Rojas Belgrade 2022.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Yulimar Rojas]] landing the women's world record triple jump at the [[2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships]] in [[Belgrade]] on 20 March 2022]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Rank
!Mark
!Athlete
!Date
!Place
!Ref
|-
!1
|{{T&Fcalc|15.74}} ||align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|20 March 2022
|[[Belgrade]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Triple Jump Final Results|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7138985/AT-TJ-W-f----.RS6.pdf|publisher=World Athletics|date=20 March 2022|access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
!2
|{{T&Fcalc|15.36}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|6 March 2004
|[[Budapest]]
|
|-
!3
|{{T&Fcalc|15.16}} || align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Ashia Hansen]]|GBR}}
|28 February 1998
|[[Valencia]]
|
|-
!4
|{{T&Fcalc|15.14}} ||align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Olga Rypakova]]|KAZ}}
|13 March 2010
|[[Doha]]
|
|-
!5
|{{T&Fcalc|15.12}} {{AthAbbr|A}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jasmine Moore]]|USA}}
|11 March 2023
|[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Alfred, Garland and Wilson threaten world records at NCAA Indoor Championships {{!}} REPORT {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/news/report/ncaa-indoor-championships-alfred-garland-wilson-records |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.worldathletics.org}}</ref>
|-
!6
|{{T&Fcalc|15.08}} || align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Marija Šestak]]|SLO}}
|13 February 2008
|[[Athens]]
|
|-
!7
|{{T&Fcalc|15.05}} || align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Yargelis Savigne]]|CUB}}
|8 March 2008
|[[Valencia]]
|
|-
!8
|{{T&Fcalc|15.03}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Yolanda Chen]]|RUS}}
|11 March 1995
|[[Barcelona]]
|
|-
!rowspan=2|9
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|15.01}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Inna Lasovskaya]]|RUS}}
|8 March 1997
|Paris
|
|-
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Thea LaFond]]|DMA}}
|3 March 2024
|[[Commonwealth Arena and Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome|Glasgow]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Final Results|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7180312/AT-TJ-W-f----.RS6.pdf|work=World Athletics|date=3 March 2024|access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
!11
|{{T&Fcalc|14.95}}
|align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Leyanis Pérez]]|CUB}}
|21 March 2026
|[[Toruń]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Results|url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7199326?eventId=10229529|website=World Athletics|access-date=6 May 2026}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" |12
| rowspan="3" |{{T&Fcalc|14.94}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Iva Prandzheva]]|BUL}}
|7 March 1999
|[[Maebashi]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Cristina Nicolau]]|ROU}}
|5 February 2000
|[[Bucharest]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Oksana Udmurtova]]|RUS}}
|20 February 2008
|[[Tartu]]
|-
!15
|{{T&Fcalc|14.93}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Anna Pyatykh]]|RUS}}
|11 March 2006
|[[Moscow]]
|
|-
!rowspan=2|16
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|14.91}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Rodica Mateescu]]|ROU}}
|28 February 1997
|[[Bucharest]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Tereza Marinova]]|BUL}}
|11 March 2001
|[[Lisbon]]
|
|-
!18
|{{T&Fcalc|14.90}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Yamilé Aldama]]|SUD}}
|6 March 2004
|[[Budapest]]
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Jump Final Results|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7180312/AT-TJ-W-f----.RS6.pdf|work=World Athletics|date=3 March 2024|access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="3" |19
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|14.88}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Françoise Mbango Etone]]|CMR}}
|15 March 2003
|[[Birmingham]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Olha Saladukha]]|UKR}}
|3 March 2013
|[[Gothenburg]]
|
|-
|{{T&Fcalc|14.88}} {{AthAbbr|A}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Charisma Taylor]]|BAH}}
|11 March 2023
|[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
!22
|{{T&Fcalc|14.87}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Šárka Kašpárková]]|CZE}}
|7 March 1999
|[[Maebashi]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |23
| rowspan="2" |{{T&Fcalc|14.84}}
| align="left" |{{flagathlete|[[Chrysopigi Devetzi]]|GRE}}
|4 March 2013
|[[Athens]]
|
|-
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Trecia Smith]]|JAM}}
|11 March 2006
|[[Moscow]]
|
|-
!25
|{{T&Fcalc|14.83}}
|align=left|{{flagathlete|[[Yelena Lebedenko]]|RUS}}
|1 February 2001
|[[Samara]]
|
|}

==Olympic medalists==
===Men===
{{Olympic medalists in men's triple jump}}

===Women===
{{Olympic medalists in women's triple jump}}

==World Championships medalists==
===Men===
{{World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's triple jump}}

===Women===
{{World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's triple jump}}

==World Indoor Championships medalists==
===Men===
{| {{MedalistTable}}
|-
|[[1985 IAAF World Indoor Games|1985 Paris]]{{ref label|WIG|A}} {{DetailsLink|1985 IAAF World Indoor Games – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Khristo Markov]]|BUL|1971}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Lázaro Betancourt]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Lázaro Balcindes]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[1987 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1987 Indianapolis]] {{DetailsLink|1987 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mike Conley Sr.|Mike Conley]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Oleg Protsenko]]|URS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Frank Rutherford]]|BAH}}
|-
|[[1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1989 Budapest]] {{DetailsLink|1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mike Conley Sr.|Mike Conley]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jorge Reyna]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Juan Miguel López]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1991 Seville]] {{DetailsLink|1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Igor Lapshin]]|URS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Leonid Voloshin]]|URS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tord Henriksson]]|SWE}}
|-
|[[1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1993 Toronto]] {{DetailsLink|1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pierre Camara]]|FRA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Māris Bružiks]]|LAT}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Brian Wellman]]|BER}}
|-
|[[1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1995 Barcelona]] {{DetailsLink|1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Brian Wellman]]|BER}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoelbi Quesada]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Serge Hélan]]|FRA}}
|-
|[[1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1997 Paris]] {{DetailsLink|1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoel García]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Aliecer Urrutia]]|CUB}}
|{{nowrap|{{flagathlete|[[Aleksandr Aseledchenko]]|RUS}}}}
|-
|[[1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1999 Maebashi]] {{DetailsLink|1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Charles Friedek]]|GER}}
|{{flagathlete|[[LaMark Carter]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Zsolt Czingler]]|HUN}}
|-
|[[2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2001 Lisbon]] {{DetailsLink|2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Paolo Camossi]]|ITA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Andrew Murphy]]|AUS}}
|-
|[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2003 Birmingham]] {{DetailsLink|2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Olsson]]|SWE}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Walter Davis (triple jumper)|Walter Davis]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoelbi Quesada]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2004 Budapest]] {{DetailsLink|2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Olsson]]|SWE}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jadel Gregório]]|BRA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoandri Betanzos]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2006 Moscow]] {{DetailsLink|2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Walter Davis (triple jumper)|Walter Davis]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jadel Gregório]]|BRA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoandri Betanzos]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2008 Valencia]] {{DetailsLink|2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Phillips Idowu]]|GBR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Arnie David Giralt]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Nelson Évora]]|POR}}
|-
|[[2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2010 Doha]] {{DetailsLink|2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Teddy Tamgho]]|FRA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoandri Betanzos]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Arnie David Giralt]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2012 Istanbul]] {{DetailsLink|2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Will Claye]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Lyukman Adams]]|RUS}}
|-
|[[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2014 Sopot]] {{DetailsLink|2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Lyukman Adams]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Revé]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2016 Portland]] {{DetailsLink|2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Dong Bin]]|CHN}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Max Heß]]|GER}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Benjamin Compaoré]]|FRA}}
|-
|[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2018 Birmingham]] {{DetailsLink|2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Will Claye]]|USA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Almir dos Santos]]|BRA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Nelson Évora]]|POR}}
|-
|[[2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2022 Belgrade]] {{DetailsLink|2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Lázaro Martínez (triple jumper)|Lázaro Martínez]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|POR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Donald Scott (triple jumper)|Donald Scott]]|USA}}
|-
|[[2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2024 Glasgow]] {{DetailsLink|2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|BUR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yasser Triki]]|ALG}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tiago Pereira (athlete)|Tiago Pereira]]|POR}}
|-
|[[2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2025 Nanjing]]{{ref label|medal reallocation|B}} {{DetailsLink|2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Andy Díaz]]|ITA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Zhu Yaming]]|CHN}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|BUR}}
|-
|[[2026 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2026 Toruń]] {{DetailsLink|2026 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Andy Díaz]]|ITA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jordan Scott (triple jumper)|Jordan Scott]]|JAM}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yasser Triki]]|ALG}}
|}
*{{note label|WIG|A}} Known as the ''World Indoor Games''
*{{note label|medal reallocation|B}} The original bronze medalist ([[Almir dos Santos]] of [[Brazil]]) was disqualified for wearing non-regulation shoes.

===Women===
{| {{MedalistTable}}
|-
|[[1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1993 Toronto]] {{DetailsLink|1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Inessa Kravets]]|UKR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yolanda Chen]]|RUS|1991}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Inna Lasovskaya]]|RUS|1991}}
|-
|[[1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1995 Barcelona]] {{DetailsLink|1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yolanda Chen]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Iva Prandzheva]]|BUL}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ren Ruiping]]|CHN}}
|-
|[[1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1997 Paris]] {{DetailsLink|1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Inna Lasovskaya]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ashia Hansen]]|GBR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Šárka Kašpárková]]|CZE}}
|-
|[[1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships|1999 Maebashi]] {{DetailsLink|1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ashia Hansen]]|GBR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Iva Prandzheva]]|BUL}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Šárka Kašpárková]]|CZE}}
|-
|[[2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2001 Lisbon]] {{DetailsLink|2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tereza Marinova]]|BUL}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tiombe Hurd]]|USA}}
|-
|[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2003 Birmingham]] {{DetailsLink|2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ashia Hansen]]|GBR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Françoise Mbango Etone]]|CMR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kéné Ndoye]]|SEN}}
|-
|[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2004 Budapest]] {{DetailsLink|2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yamilé Aldama]]|SUD}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Hrysopiyi Devetzi]]|GRE}}
|-
|[[2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2006 Moscow]] {{DetailsLink|2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Anna Pyatykh]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yamilé Aldama]]|SUD}}
|-
|[[2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2008 Valencia]] {{DetailsLink|2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yargelis Savigne]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Hrysopiyi Devetzi]]|GRE}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Marija Šestak]]|SLO}}
|-
|[[2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2010 Doha]] {{DetailsLink|2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Olga Rypakova]]|KAZ}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yargelis Savigne]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Anna Pyatykh]]|RUS}}
|-
|[[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2012 Istanbul]] {{DetailsLink|2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yamilé Aldama]]|GBR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Olga Rypakova]]|KAZ}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mabel Gay]]|CUB}}
|-
|[[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2014 Sopot]] {{DetailsLink|2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ekaterina Koneva]]|RUS}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Olha Saladukha]]|UKR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kimberly Williams (athlete)|Kimberly Williams]]|JAM}}
|-
|[[2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2016 Portland]] {{DetailsLink|2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kristin Gierisch]]|GER}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Paraskevi Papachristou]]|GRE}}
|-
|[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships|2018 Birmingham]] {{DetailsLink|2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kimberly Williams (triple jumper)|Kimberly Williams]]|JAM}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ana Peleteiro]]|ESP}}
|-
|[[2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2022 Belgrade]] {{DetailsLink|2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Maryna Bekh-Romanchuk]]|UKR}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kimberly Williams (triple jumper)|Kimberly Williams]]|JAM}}
|-
|[[2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2024 Glasgow]] {{DetailsLink|2024 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Thea Lafond]]|DMA}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Leyanis Pérez]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ana Peleteiro]]|ESP}}
|-
|[[2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2025 Nanjing]] {{DetailsLink|2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Leyanis Pérez]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Liadagmis Povea]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ana Peleteiro-Compaoré]]|ESP}}
|-
|[[2026 World Athletics Indoor Championships|2026 Toruń]] {{DetailsLink|2026 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Leyanis Pérez]]|CUB}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Saly Sarr]]|SEN}}
|}

==World leading marks==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{Sticky header}}
===Men===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders sticky-header" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Mark
!scope="col"|Athlete
!scope="col"|Place
|-
!scope="row"|[[1967 in the sport of athletics|1967]]
|{{T&Fcalc|16.92}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Aleksandr Zolotarev (athlete)|Aleksandr Zolotarev]]|URS}}
|[[Chorzów]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1968 in the sport of athletics|1968]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.39}} {{AthAbbr|A}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Viktor Saneyev]]|URS}}
|[[Mexico City]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1969 in the sport of athletics|1969]]
|{{T&Fcalc|16.94}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Viktor Saneyev]]|URS}}
|[[Athens]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1970 in the sport of athletics|1970]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.34}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Viktor Saneyev]]|URS}}
|[[Sokhumi]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1971 in the sport of athletics|1971]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.40}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pérez]]|CUB}}
|[[Cali]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1972 in the sport of athletics|1972]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.44}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Viktor Saneyev]]|URS}}
|[[Sokhumi]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1973 in the sport of athletics|1973]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.20}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mikhail Bariban]]|URS}}
|[[Moscow]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1974 in the sport of athletics|1974]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.23}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Viktor Saneyev]]|URS}}
|[[Rome]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1975 in the sport of athletics|1975]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.89}} {{AthAbbr|A}}
|{{flagathlete|[[João Carlos de Oliveira]]|BRA}}
|[[Mexico City]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1976 in the sport of athletics|1976]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.38}}
|{{flagathlete|[[João Carlos de Oliveira]]|BRA}}
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1977 in the sport of athletics|1977]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.19}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ron Livers]]|USA}}
|[[Sochi]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1978 in the sport of athletics|1978]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.44}}
|{{flagathlete|[[João Carlos de Oliveira]]|BRA}}
|[[Bratislava]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1979 in the sport of athletics|1979]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.27}}
|{{flagathlete|[[João Carlos de Oliveira]]|BRA}}
|[[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1980 in the sport of athletics|1980]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.35}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jaak Uudmäe]]|URS}}
|[[Moscow]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1981 in the sport of athletics|1981]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.56}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Willie Banks]]|USA}}
|[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1982 in the sport of athletics|1982]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.57}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Keith Connor]]|GBR}}
| [[Provo, Utah|Provo]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1983 in the sport of athletics|1983]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.55}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Vasiliy Grishchenkov]]|URS}}
|[[Moscow]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1984 in the sport of athletics|1984]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.46}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Oleg Protsenko]]|URS}}
|[[Moscow]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1985 in the sport of athletics|1985]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.97}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Willie Banks]]|USA}}
|[[Indianapolis]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1986 in the sport of athletics|1986]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.80}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Khristo Markov]]|BUL|1971}}
|[[Budapest]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1987 in the sport of athletics|1987]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.92}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Khristo Markov]]|BUL|1971}}
|[[Rome]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1988 in the sport of athletics|1988]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.77}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Khristo Markov]]|BUL|1971}}
|[[Sofia]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1989 in the sport of athletics|1989]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.65}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mike Conley Sr.|Mike Conley]]|USA}}
|[[Budapest]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1990 in the sport of athletics|1990]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.93}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kenny Harrison]]|USA}}
|Stockholm
|-
!scope="row"|[[1991 in the sport of athletics|1991]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.78}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kenny Harrison]]|USA}}
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1992 in the sport of athletics|1992]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.72}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mike Conley (track athlete)|Mike Conley]]|USA}}
|[[Zürich]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1993 in the sport of athletics|1993]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.86}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Mike Conley (track athlete)|Mike Conley]]|USA}}
|[[Stuttgart]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1994 in the sport of athletics|1994]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.77}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Leonid Voloshin]]|RUS}}
|[[Grenoble]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1995 in the sport of athletics|1995]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.29}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|[[Gothenburg]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1996 in the sport of athletics|1996]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.09}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Kenny Harrison]]|USA}}
|[[Atlanta]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1997 in the sport of athletics|1997]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.85}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yoelbi Quesada]]|CUB}}
|[[Athens]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1998 in the sport of athletics|1998]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.01}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|[[Oslo]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1999 in the sport of athletics|1999]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.59}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Charles Friedek]]|GER}}
|[[Seville]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2000 in the sport of athletics|2000]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.71}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|[[Sydney]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2001 in the sport of athletics|2001]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.92}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|[[Edmonton]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2002 in the sport of athletics|2002]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.86}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)|Jonathan Edwards]]|GBR}}
|[[Manchester]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2003 in the sport of athletics|2003]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.77}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Olsson]]|SWE}}
|[[Haina]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2004 in the sport of athletics|2004]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.83}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Olsson]]|SWE}}
|[[Budapest]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2005 in the sport of athletics|2005]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.81}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Marian Oprea]]|ROM}}
|[[Lausanne]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2006 in the sport of athletics|2006]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.74}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Marian Oprea]]|ROM}}
|[[Bucharest]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2007 in the sport of athletics|2007]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.90}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jadel Gregório]]|BRA}}
|[[Belém]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2008 in the sport of athletics|2008]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.75}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Phillips Idowu]]|GBR}}
|[[Valencia]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2009 in the sport of athletics|2009]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.73}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Phillips Idowu]]|GBR}}
|[[Berlin]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2010 in the sport of athletics|2010]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.98}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Teddy Tamgho]]|FRA}}
|[[New York City]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2011 in the sport of athletics|2011]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.96}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|[[Daegu]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2012 in the sport of athletics|2012]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.81}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|[[London]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2013 in the sport of athletics|2013]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.04}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Teddy Tamgho]]|FRA}}
|[[Moscow]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2014 in the sport of athletics|2014]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.76}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|CUB}}
|[[Havana]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2015 in the sport of athletics|2015]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.21}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|[[Beijing]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2016 in the sport of athletics|2016]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.86}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2017 in the sport of athletics|2017]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.11}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Christian Taylor (athlete)|Christian Taylor]]|USA}}
|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2018 in the sport of athletics|2018]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.95}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|POR}}
|[[Doha]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2019 in the sport of athletics|2019]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.14}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Will Claye]]|USA}}
|[[Long Beach]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2020 in the sport of athletics|2020]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.77}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|BUR}}
|Paris
|-
!scope="row"|[[2021 in the sport of athletics|2021]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.07}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Hugues Fabrice Zango]]|BUR}}
|[[Aubière]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2022 in the sport of athletics|2022]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.95}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|POR}}
|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2023 in the sport of athletics|2023]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.87}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jaydon Hibbert]]|JAM}}
|[[Baton Rouge]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2024 in the sport of athletics|2024]]
|{{T&Fcalc|18.18}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Jordan Díaz (triple jumper)|Jordan Díaz]]|ESP}}
|[[Rome]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2025 in the sport of athletics|2025]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.91}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Pedro Pichardo]]|POR}}
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2026 in the sport of athletics|2026]]
|{{T&Fcalc|17.47}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Andy Díaz]]|ITA}}
|[[Toruń]]
|}
{{col-2}}

===Women===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders sticky-header" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!scope="col"|Year
!scope="col"|Mark
!scope="col"|Athlete
!scope="col"|Place
|-
!scope="row"|[[1986 in the sport of athletics|1986]]
|{{T&Fcalc|13.68}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Esmeralda de Jesus Garcia]]|BRA}}
|[[Indianapolis]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1987 in the sport of athletics|1987]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.04}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Li Huirong]]|CHN}}
|[[Hamamatsu]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1988 in the sport of athletics|1988]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.16}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Li Huirong]]|CHN}}
|[[Shijiazhuang]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1989 in the sport of athletics|1989]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.52}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Galina Chistyakova]]|URS}}
|Stockholm
|-
!scope="row"|[[1990 in the sport of athletics|1990]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.54}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Li Huirong]]|CHN}}
|[[Sapporo]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1991 in the sport of athletics|1991]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.95}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Inessa Kravets]]|URS}}
|[[Moscow]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1992 in the sport of athletics|1992]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.62}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Galina Chistyakova]]|RUS}}
|[[Villeneuve-d'Ascq]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1993 in the sport of athletics|1993]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.09}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Anna Biryukova]]|RUS}}
|[[Stuttgart]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1994 in the sport of athletics|1994]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.98}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Sofiya Bozhanova]]|BUL}}
|[[Stara Zagora]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1995 in the sport of athletics|1995]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.50}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Inessa Kravets]]|UKR}}
|[[Gothenburg]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1996 in the sport of athletics|1996]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.33}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Inessa Kravets]]|UKR}}
|[[Sacramento (California)|Sacramento]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1997 in the sport of athletics|1997]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.20}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Šárka Kašpárková]]|CZE}}
|[[Athens]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1998 in the sport of athletics|1998]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.16}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ashia Hansen]]|GBR}}
|[[Maebashi]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[1999 in the sport of athletics|1999]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.07}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Paraskevi Tsiamita]]|GRE}}
|[[Seville]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2000 in the sport of athletics|2000]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.32}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|[[Yokohama]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2001 in the sport of athletics|2001]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.25}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|[[Edmonton]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2002 in the sport of athletics|2002]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.95}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Françoise Mbango Etone]]|CMR}}
|[[Radès]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2003 in the sport of athletics|2003]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.29}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yamilé Aldama]]|CUB}}
|[[Rome]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2004 in the sport of athletics|2004]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.36}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|[[Budapest]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2|[[2005 in the sport of athletics|2005]]
|rowspan=2|{{T&Fcalc|15.11}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Trecia Smith]]|JAM}}
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2006 in the sport of athletics|2006]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.23}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Tatyana Lebedeva]]|RUS}}
|[[Athens]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2007 in the sport of athletics|2007]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.28}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yargelis Savigne]]|CUB}}
|[[Osaka]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2008 in the sport of athletics|2008]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.39}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Françoise Mbango Etone]]|CMR}}
|[[Beijing]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2009 in the sport of athletics|2009]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.14}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Nadezhda Alekhina]]|RUS}}
|[[Cheboksary]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2010 in the sport of athletics|2010]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.25}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Olga Rypakova]]|KAZ}}
|[[Split, Croatia|Split]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan=2|[[2011 in the sport of athletics|2011]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.99}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yargelis Savigne]]|CUB}}
|[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]
|-
|{{T&Fcalc|14.99}} {{AthAbbr|A}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Caterine Ibargüen]]|COL}}
|[[Bogotá]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2012 in the sport of athletics|2012]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.99}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Olha Saladuha]]|UKR}}
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2013 in the sport of athletics|2013]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.88}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Olha Saladuha]]|UKR}}
|[[Gothenburg]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2014 in the sport of athletics|2014]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.31}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Caterine Ibargüen]]|COL}}
|[[Monaco]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2015 in the sport of athletics|2015]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.04}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Ekaterina Koneva]]|RUS}}
|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2016 in the sport of athletics|2016]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.17}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Caterine Ibargüen]]|COL}}
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2017 in the sport of athletics|2017]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.96}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Andújar]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2018 in the sport of athletics|2018]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.96}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Caterine Ibargüen]]|COL}}
|[[Rabat]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2019 in the sport of athletics|2019]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.11}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Lima]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2020 in the sport of athletics|2020]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.43}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Madrid]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2021 in the sport of athletics|2021]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.67}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2022 in the sport of athletics|2022]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.74}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Belgrade]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2023 in the sport of athletics|2023]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.35}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2024 in the sport of athletics|2024]]
|{{T&Fcalc|15.02}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Thea LaFond]]|DMA}}
|[[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]
|-
!scope="row"|[[2025 in the sport of athletics|2025]]
|{{T&Fcalc|14.94}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Leyanis Pérez]]|CUB}}
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
!scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2"|[[2026 in the sport of athletics|2026]]
|rowspan="2"|{{T&Fcalc|14.95}} {{athAbbr|i}}
|{{flagathlete|[[Yulimar Rojas]]|VEN}}
|[[Valencia]]
|-
|{{flagathlete|[[Leyanis Pérez]]|CUB}}
|[[Toruń]]
|}
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{portal|Sport of athletics}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.iaaf.org/disciplines/jumps/triple-jump IAAF triple jump homepage]
*[https://iaaf.gekko.de/?a=jumps&d=triple-jump IAAF list of triple-jump records in XML]

{{Athletics events}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Triple Jump}}
[[Category:Triple jump| ]]
[[Category:Events in track and field]]
[[Category:Summer Olympic disciplines in athletics]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Gulam Ghaus Khan

2026-05-06T08:49:10Z

OlivaGabel6: New

{{Short description|Indian Independence activist}}
{{distinguish|Ghulam Ghaus Khan}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2026}}

'''Gulam Ghaus Khan''' (died 3 April 1858) also known as '''Topchi Ghulam Ghaus Khan''' was an Indian Independence activist who was a close confidant of [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Lakhsmi Bai]], the queen of Jhansi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Topchi Ghulam Ghaus Khan |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?24128# |website=amritmahotsav.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-22 |title=लक्ष्मीबाई के किले में रखी है कड़क बिजली तोप, गुलाम गौस खां इससे करते थे दुश्मनों को ढेर |url=https://www.uptak.in/visualstories/trending/kadak-electric-cannon-is-kept-in-the-fort-of-lakshmi-bai-ghulam-gaus-khan-used-to-kill-enemies-with-this-89881-22-06-2023 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.uptak.in |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=तोपची गुलाम गौस खान ने मंदिर को बचाकर पीछे छुपी अंग्रेजी सेना के उड़ा दिए थे परखच्चे |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi/topachi-ghauss-khan-defeat-english-force-jhansi-news-jhs2016541113 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> He was the Main Gunner in the army of Rani Lakhsmi Bai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=रानी के मन्त्रिमण्डल में शामिल थे 2 गद्दार - रानी के मन्त्रिमण्डल में शामिल थे 2 गद्दार - Uttar Pradesh Jhansi City local News |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-city-19766857.html |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha Election 2024: बुंदेलखंड में मुस्लिमों से वोट लेने से नहीं गुरेज, फिर टिकट देने से क्यों परहेज? |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/banda/lok-sabha-election-2024-political-parties-take-votes-from-muslims-but-do-not-give-them-tickets/articleshow/109475959.cms |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-09-30 |title=Holding fort at Jhansi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/travel/india/story/holding-fort-at-jhansi-57598-2009-09-29 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He had been an active participant in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|1857 Revolt]] against the [[East India Company|British East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-26 |title=कौन हैं गौस खान-खुदा बख्श, लक्ष्मीबाई के साथ मूर्त‍ियां लगाने को लेकर बवाल? |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi-ncr/delhi-rani-laxmi-bai-statue-aap-bjp-virendra-sachdeva-sanjay-singh-8720655.html |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> He was a devout Muslim and a follower of [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]], often known as ''Gausul Aazam'' by his followers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=गुलाम गौस खाँ भी रहे हैं गौहर अली मस्जिद के नमा़जी - गुलाम गौस खाँ भी रहे हैं गौहर अली मस्जिद के नमा़जी - Uttar Pradesh Jhansi City local News |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-city-21577177.html |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> He belonged to a [[Pashtuns|Pathan]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-06 |title=पैदाइशी जंगजू क़ौम है 'पठान', मशहूर हैं जांबाज़ी के क़िस्से |url=https://www.aajtak.in/education/knowledge/story/history-of-pathan-community-where-did-pathans-originate-from-when-did-come-to-india-shahrukh-khan-history-lbs-1623554-2023-02-06 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Gulam Ghaus Khan Park in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-03 |title=Jhansi: झांसी नगर निगम की अनदेखी का दंश झेल रहा है 'गुलाम गौस खां' पार्क, महापौर ने दिया ये जवाब |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/jhansi-gulam-gaus-khan-park-in-poor-condition-due-to-jhansi-municipal-corporation-negligence-nodark-4837161.html |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

In October 2024, Rani Lakhsmi Bai Samiti announced the installation of a statue of Khan at a park near Eidgah in New Delhi with the help of the Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=रानी लक्ष्मीबाई के साथ उनके तोपची की भी प्रतिमा लगेगी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/ncr/new-delhi/story-installation-of-rani-lakshmibai-statue-near-eidgah-park-in-delhi-201727962644024.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{Cite book |last=Shaikh |first=Shamim |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Gulama_Gausa_Kham/xYMo0AEACAAJ?hl=en |title=Gulam Gaus Khan: Jhansi Ki Rani Ka Bahadur Topchi |publisher=Rashtiya Pustaka Nyasa |year=2023 |isbn=9789354912948 |page=64 |pages= |language=hi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Gulam Ghaus}}
[[Category:1858 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:People from Jhansi district]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian rebels]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim activists]]

Krishnamma (film)

2026-05-06T00:15:25Z

OlivaGabel6: made basic entry w/ sources - done

{{Short description|2024 Indian telugu film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Krishnamma
| image = Krishnamma (film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = V. V. Gopala Krishna
| writer = V. V. Gopala Krishna
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Krishna Kommalapati
| starring = [[Satyadev (actor)|Satya Dev]] [[Krishna Burugula]] Athira Raj Archana Iyer Laxman Meesala
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sunny Kurapati
| editing = Tammiraju
| music = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| studio = Arunachala Creations
| distributor = [[Koratala Siva]] [[Mythri Movie Makers]] Primeshow Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|5|10}}
| runtime = 130 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/krishnamma-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdixmtaw |title=Krishnamma |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510145626/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/krishnamma-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdixmtaw |url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Krishnamma''''' ({{Translation|[[Krishna River|Mother Krishna]]}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film|action]] [[drama film]] written and directed by V. V. Gopala Krishna and presented by [[Koratala Siva]]; produced by Krishna Kommalapati, under Arunachala Creations. It stars [[Satyadev (actor)|Satya Dev]], [[Krishna Burugula]], Athira Raj, Archana Iyer, and Laxman Meesala in the lead roles. It was released on 10 May 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/satyadevs-action-drama-with-vv-gopala-krishna-titled-krishnamma-heres-the-first-look-poster/e620aba771133 |title=Satyadev's action drama with VV Gopala Krishna titled Krishnamma, here's the first look poster |website=[[OTT Play]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405114745/https://www.ottplay.com/news/satyadevs-action-drama-with-vv-gopala-krishna-titled-krishnamma-heres-the-first-look-poster/e620aba771133 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
Set in the streets of Vinchipeta in [[Vijayawada]], "''Krishnamma''" follows the lives of three orphans: Bhadra, Koti, and Shiva. Despite not being related by blood, they share a strong sense of brotherhood. Their early lives involve minor criminal activities, with Shiva ending up in prison at a young age.

Upon his release, Shiva decides to lead an honest life and starts a printing business. However, Bhadra and Koti remain involved in their criminal activities, unable to leave behind the lifestyle they are familiar with.

The story takes a turn when the trio finds themselves in urgent need of a large sum of money. They decide to undertake one last operation, which goes wrong. This event triggers a series of unforeseen challenges and personal dilemmas, testing their bond and compelling them to face the consequences of their actions.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Satyadev (actor)|Satya Dev]] as Bhadra
*[[Krishna Burugula]] as Shiva
*Athira Raj as Meena
*Archana Iyer as Padma
*Laxman Meesala as Koti
*[[Raghu Kunche]] as ACP Vijay Kumar
*Nanda Gopal as a cop
*[[Archana Shastry]] as a mother
*Anish Ram S as a cop
}}

==Production==
On 18 August 2021, The announcement of the film was made through a [[Muhurat shot|Muhurtham pooja ceremony]] marking [[Satyadev (actor)|Satya Dev]]'s 25th film in [[Hyderabad]] by [[Dil Raju]] and [[Harish Shankar]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/satyadevs-25th-film-with-director-vv-gopala-krishna-gets-launched/articleshow/85401598.cms |title=Satyadev's 25th film with director VV Gopala Krishna gets launched |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=18 August 2021 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506171951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/satyadevs-25th-film-with-director-vv-gopala-krishna-gets-launched/articleshow/85401598.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 4 July 2022, Satyadev shared the first look and title of the film on [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/satya-dev-releases-poster-of-his-next-krishnamma-on-his-birthday-5487733.html |title=Satya Dev Releases Poster of His Next Krishnamma on His Birthday |website=[[News 18]] |date=4 July 2022 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=5 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405113718/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/satya-dev-releases-poster-of-his-next-krishnamma-on-his-birthday-5487733.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and on 4 August 2022, the teaser of the film was released by [[Sai Durgha Tej]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tv5news.in/cinema/sai-dharamtej-launches-satyadevs-krishnamma-movie-teaser-829398 |title=Sathyadev Krishnamma : సత్యదేవ్ కృష్ణమ్మ కథేంటంటే |language=Telugu |trans-title=Sai Dharamtej launches Satyadev Krishnamma movie Teaser |website=[[TV5 (India)]] |date=5 August 2022 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506090633/https://www.tv5news.in/cinema/sai-dharamtej-launches-satyadevs-krishnamma-movie-teaser-829398 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The pre-release event of the film took place on 1 May 2024, [[S. S. Rajamouli]], [[Koratala Siva]], [[Anil Ravipudi]], and [[Gopichand Malineni]] graced the occasion and launched the trailer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/krishnamma-movie-prerelease-event/0201/124083825 |title=Krishnamma: కృష్ణమ్మ.. అందరూ మాట్లాడుకునే చిత్రమవుతుంది |language=Telugu |trans-title=Krishnamma movie Pre-release Event |website=[[Eenadu]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030525/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/krishnamma-movie-prerelease-event/0201/124083825 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Krishnamma
| type = [[Film score]]
| artist = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 10 May 2024
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length = {{Duration|m=15|s=04}}
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| prev_title = [[Bhaag Saale]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[Mathu Vadalara 2]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Nnxt88oK5zo|Audio Jukebox}}
}}
{{Singles
| name = Krishnamma
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Emavutundo Manalo
| single1date = 19 August 2022
| single2 = Krishnamma title song
| single2date = 2 September 2022
| single3 = Durgamma
| single3date = 11 April 2024
| single4 = The Theme of Vengeance
| single4date = 19 April 2024
}}
}}
The [[soundtrack]] album and [[background score]] were composed by [[Kaala Bhairava]] and [[Saregama]] secured the audio rights.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/krishnamma/aDXdgfYMp4A_ |title=Krishnamma movie songs- JioSaavn |website=[[JioSaavn]] |date=30 April 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506093909/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/krishnamma/aDXdgfYMp4A_ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0gIs4XiTvkXbhOybPngYYE |title=Krishnamma (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |website=[[Spotify]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506113540/https://open.spotify.com/album/0gIs4XiTvkXbhOybPngYYE |url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 August 2022, ''"Emavutundo Manalo"'' lyrical song was released by director [[Harish Shankar]], the song lyrics was written by [[Anantha Sriram]] and was sung by [[Sid Sriram]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/tollywood-director-harish-shankar-launched-krishnamma-movie-first-single-729099 |title=Satyadev Krishnamma Movie | స‌త్య‌దేవ్ 'కృష్ణ‌మ్మ' ఫ‌స్ట్ సింగిల్ విడుద‌ల‌ |language=Telugu |trans-title=Director Harish Shankar launched krishnamma movie First single |website=[[Namasthe Telangana]] |date=19 August 2022 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507032217/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/tollywood-director-harish-shankar-launched-krishnamma-movie-first-single-729099 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The ''"Krishnamma"'' title song was released on 2 September 2022 and sung by [[Anurag Kulkarni]] and written by Anantha Siram.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/satyadev-krishnamma-movie-title-song-released-121662196489701.html |title=Satya Dev - Krishnamma: సత్యదేవ్ కృష్ణమ్మ టైటిల్ సాంగ్ రిలీజ్ |language=Telugu |trans-title=Satyadev's Krishnamma Title song released |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506123252/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/satyadev-krishnamma-movie-title-song-released-121662196489701.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> on 11 April 2024, ''"Durgamma"'' song was released which had lyrics written by Anantha Sriram and sung by Saketh Komanduri.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/tollywood/celebration-song-durgamma-released-from-satyadevs-latest-movie-krishnamma-ktr-52482.html |title=Krishnamma: సత్యదేవ్ 'కృష్ణమ్మ' మూవీ నుంచి.. సెలబ్రేషన్ సాంగ్ 'దుర్గమ్మ..' విడుదల | Celebration song 'Durgamma..' released from Satyadev's Latest movie Krishnamma KTR |language=Telugu |trans-title=Celebration song Durgamma Released |website=[[ABN Andhra Jyothi]] |date=11 April 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508132320/https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/tollywood/celebration-song-durgamma-released-from-satyadevs-latest-movie-krishnamma-ktr-52482.html |url-status=live}}</ref> followed by the release of ''"The Theme of Vengeance"'' song on 19 April 2024, the song lyrics was written by Anantha Sriram and sung by Dhiipu and [[Kaala Bhairava]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Apr/19/the-theme-of-vengeance-from-krishnamma-is-a-haunting-composition#:~:text=Sung%20by%20Kaala%20Bhairava%20and,Sriram%20has%20penned%20the%20lyrics |title='The Theme of Vengeance' from Krishnamma is a haunting composition |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=19 April 2024 |access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507150322/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Apr/19/the-theme-of-vengeance-from-krishnamma-is-a-haunting-composition#:~:text=Sung%20by%20Kaala%20Bhairava%20and,Sriram%20has%20penned%20the%20lyrics |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = {{center|{{big|''Krishnamma'' track listing}}}}
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 15:04
| title1 = Emavutundo Manalo
| lyrics1 = [[Anantha Sriram]]
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length1 = 4:01
| title2 = Krishnamma Title Song
| lyrics2 = Anantha Sriram
| extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| length2 = 4:00
| title3 = Durgamma
| lyrics3 = Anantha Sriram
| extra3 = Saketh Komanduri
| length3 = 3:26
| title4 = The Theme of Vengeance
| lyrics4 = Anantha Sriram
| extra4 = Dhiipu [[Kaala Bhairava]]
| length4 = 3:37
}}

==Release==

===Theatrical===
''Krishnamma'' was released on 10 May 2024.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

===Distribution===
[[Mythri Movie Makers]] and Primeshow Entertainment are jointly distributed the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/mythri-movie-makers-to-release-satyadevs-krishnamma-on-this-date.html |title=Mythri Movie Makers to release Satyadev's Krishnamma on this date! |website=[[NTV (India)]] |date=26 April 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511110108/https://www.ntvenglish.com/movie-news/mythri-movie-makers-to-release-satyadevs-krishnamma-on-this-date.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Home media===
The digital distribution rights of the film were acquired by [[Amazon Prime Video]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/krishnamma-on-ott-this-platform-bags-the-digital-rights-of-the-satyadev-starrer/75b75d32d4486 |title=Krishnamma on OTT - This platform bags the digital rights of the Satyadev starrer |website=[[OTT Play]] |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506095303/https://www.ottplay.com/news/krishnamma-on-ott-this-platform-bags-the-digital-rights-of-the-satyadev-starrer/75b75d32d4486 |url-status=live}}</ref> where it premiered on 17 May 2024.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

==Reception==
''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "''Krishnamma'' has its moments, but it is nothing we haven’t seen on the Telugu screen. It may appeal to viewers who like rural, small-town emotional dramas".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/krishnamma-movie-review-satyadev-starrer-is-a-partly-entertaining-9320502/ |title=Krishnamma movie review: Satyadev starrer is partly entertaining |date=10 May 2024 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote that "''Krishnamma'' stands out for its strong character dynamics and solid performances. It may tread familiar ground, but it does so with enough competence and emotional depth to make it a worthwhile experience for fans of the genre".<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/krishnamma/movie-review/110005830.cms |title=Krishnamma Movie Review : A tense tale of revenge and brotherhood |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "There are many such moments in ''Krishnamma'', where debutant writer-director VV Gopala Krishna convinces us that his heart is in the right place. Alas, the film falls prey to its predictability and lack of efficient craftsmanship".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/May/10/krishnamma-review-a-well-intentioned-but-underwhelming-crime-drama |title=Krishnamma Review: A well-intentioned but underwhelming crime-drama |first=B. H. |last=Harsh |date=10 May 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Eenadu]]'' wrote that "There is no novelty in the story chosen by director Gopalakrishna. Otherwise, the way it is shown in a raw, rustic way is good".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/krishnamma-movie-review-in-telugu/0203/124090138 |title=krishnamma movie review: రివ్యూ: కృష్ణమ్మ.. సత్యదేవ్‌ ఖాతాలో హిట్‌ పడిందా? |website=EENADU}}</ref> ''[[Times Now News]]'' wrote that "''Krishnamma'' is a revenge drama that doesn't break new ground but it is watchable for its emotional pay-offs only in the second half".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/krishnamma-review-a-revenge-drama-that-doesnt-deliver-review-110003249 |title=Krishnamma Review: A Revenge Drama That Doesn't Deliver |date=10 May 2024 |website=Times Now}}</ref> ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' rated the film two-and-three-quarters out of five and wrote that "Overall, the first half of the doesn’t work much, but the later half holds interest quite well".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/krishnamma-review-a-revenge-drama-works-in-parts |title=Krishnamma review: A revenge drama works in parts |date=10 May 2024 |website=Telugu Cinema}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|15509142}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kaala Bhairava]]

Raghvendra Kumar Singh

2026-04-29T19:55:50Z

OlivaGabel6: Made!

{{Short description|Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raghvendra Kumar Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|8|18}}
| birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency = [[Bharthana Assembly constituency|Bharthana]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = March 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Savitri Katheria]]
| successor =
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Raghvendra Kumar Singh''' is an Indian politician, lawyer, and a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] from the [[Bharthana Assembly constituency]] of the [[Etawah district]].<ref name="upla">{{Cite news |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18201/18 |title=Members of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|UPLA]] |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/raghvendra-kumar-singh/ |title=Raghvendra Kumar Singh, SP MLA from Bharthana |website=ourneta.com |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="prs">{{Cite web |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/raghvendra-kumar-singh |title=Raghvendra Kumar Singh |publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]] |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="upla"/><ref name="prs"/>

==Early life==

Raghvendra Kumar Singh was born on 18 August 1969 in [[Uttar Pradesh]] to a [[Hindu]] family of Avadh Kishor.<ref name="upla"/> He married Rita Choudhary on 14 June 1993, and they had three children.<ref name="upla"/>

==See also==

*[[Samajwadi Party]]
*[[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]]
*[[Bharthana Assembly constituency]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Raghvendra Kumar}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian political people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}

National Train Enquiry System

2026-04-28T01:54:43Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Short description|Real-time railway data system in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = National Train Enquiry System
| native_name = राष्ट्रीय रेल पूछताछ प्रणाली
| logo = Indian Railways.png
| seal =
| motto =
| formed = 1990s (approx)
| dissolved =
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], India
| parent_agency = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Government of India]]
| website = {{URL|https://enquiry.indianrail.gov.in/}}
}}

'''National Train Enquiry System''' (NTES) is a comprehensive online platform and mobile application developed by the [[Centre for Railway Information Systems]] (CRIS) for [[Indian Railways]]. It serves as a primary official source for real-time information regarding train running status, schedules, and other related inquiries across the Indian railway network.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mobile and Desktop APP on Windows 8.0 for National Train Enquiry System (NTES) Commenced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104909 |access-date=2025-08-25}}</ref>

== History ==
NTES was developed by the [[Centre for Railway Information Systems]] (CRIS), the IT arm of [[Indian Railways]], to centralise and digitise train information. Prior to its introduction, passengers primarily relied on manual inquiries at railway stations or through outdated train timetables. The system aimed to provide a more accessible and efficient way for the public to obtain train-related data.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre For Railway Information Systems |url=https://cris.org.in/loadpage?page=proNTES |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=CRIS}}</ref>

== Functionality and features ==
NTES provides a range of services to facilitate railway travel and information access:

=== Live train running status ===
This core feature allows users to track the current status of registered train on the Indian Railways network. It provides information on the train's last reported location, expected arrival and departure times at upcoming stations, and any delays incurred. The system aggregates data from various operational points across the railway network.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=RailRadar |date=2025-08-24 |title=Live Train Running Status Online |url=https://railradar.in/train-status |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=RailRadar |language=en-IN}}</ref>

=== Train schedule ===
Users can access the detailed schedule of any train, including its route, halts, arrival and departure times at each station, and the distance covered between stops. This functionality supports journey planning and provides comprehensive timetable information.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger Reservation Enquiry |url=https://www.indianrail.gov.in/enquiry/SCHEDULE/TrainSchedule.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429052349/https://www.indianrail.gov.in/enquiry/SCHEDULE/TrainSchedule.html |archive-date=2025-04-29 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.indianrail.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

=== Trains between stations ===
This feature enables passengers to find all trains operating between any two specified railway stations. The results include train numbers, names, types, and their respective schedules for the selected route.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RailRadar |title=Find Trains Between Stations - Indian Railways Train Search |url=https://railradar.in/trains-between-stations |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=RailRadar |language=en}}</ref>

=== Train arrival/departure at station ===
NTES provides real-time updates on train arrivals and departures at specific stations. This is particularly useful for passengers waiting at stations or those receiving travelers.<ref name=":0" />

== Accessibility and platforms ==
NTES information is accessible through multiple platforms:
* '''Website:''' The primary interface is the official NTES website, providing detailed information and search functionalities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Train Enquiry System |url=https://enquiry.indianrail.gov.in/NTES |access-date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
* '''Mobile Application:''' Dedicated mobile applications for Android and iOS devices offer on-the-go access to train information.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Train Enquiry System – Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cris.icms.ntes&hl=en_IN |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=play.google.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* '''SMS and IVRS:''' Limited information can also be accessed through SMS services and Interactive Voice Response Systems (IVRS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger Reservation Enquiry |url=https://www.indianrail.gov.in/enquiry/StaticPages/StaticEnquiry.jsp?StaticPage=sms_Service.html&locale=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423050630/https://www.indianrail.gov.in/enquiry/StaticPages/StaticEnquiry.jsp?StaticPage=sms_Service.html&locale=en |archive-date=2025-04-23 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.indianrail.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Technology ==
NTES operates on a centralised database system managed by CRIS. It collects data from various operational systems across the Indian Railways network, including train control systems, station management systems, and ticketing systems. The data is processed and disseminated through its web and mobile interfaces. The system relies on a robust backend infrastructure to manage a high volume of enquiries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CRIS Projects/NTES |url=https://www.cris.org.in/loadpage?page=proNTES |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428224000/https://www.cris.org.in/loadpage?page=proNTES |archive-date=2025-04-28 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=cris.org.in |language=en}}</ref>

RailRadar utilises NTES data to provide live train status and other services.{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{URL|https://enquiry.indianrail.gov.in/|Official NTES Website}}
* {{URL|https://railradar.in/train-status|RailRadar Live Train Status (utilizes NTES data for real-time updates)}}
{{Indian Railways}}
[[Category:Indian Railways]]

List of Museums in Odisha

2026-04-24T21:30:38Z

OlivaGabel6: adding first post basic info

{{Short description|List of museums in Odisha, India}}

'''List of museums in Odisha''' provides a list of notable museums located in the Indian state of Odisha. These museums preserve and showcase the state's rich cultural heritage, tribal traditions, archaeological artifacts, art, and industrial history.

== Overview ==
Odisha hosts a variety of museums managed by the Government of Odisha, private institutions, and trusts. These museums cover diverse domains such as archaeology, anthropology, maritime history, tribal culture, and science.

== List of museums ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Type !! Establishment !! Description
|-
| [[Black Diamond Museum, Angul|Black Diamond Museum]] || Angul || Industrial / Cultural || 2023 || A digital museum and library focusing on the history, technology, and heritage of coal mining in the Talcher coalfields and Angul region.<ref name="BDM">{{cite web |url=https://angul.nic.in/ |title=Black Diamond Museum & Library |publisher=Government of Odisha |access-date=2026-04-25}}</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha State Museum]] || Bhubaneswar || Archaeology / History || 1932 || One of the oldest museums in the state, housing collections of palm-leaf manuscripts, sculptures, coins, and natural history exhibits.<ref name="Rath2014">{{cite journal
| last = Rath
| first = Jayanti
| title = Origin and Evolution of the Name Odisha
| journal = Odisha Review
| volume = LXX
| issue = 8
| pages = 62–64
| date = March 2014
| publisher = Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha
| url = http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Journal/journalvol3/pdf/origin%26evolution.pdf
| access-date = October 25, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tribal Research Institute Museum|Tribal Museum, Bhubaneswar]] || Bhubaneswar || Anthropology || 1953 || Also known as the Odisha State Tribal Museum, it showcases the lifestyle, culture, and artifacts of various tribal communities of Odisha.<ref name="SethiNaik2021">{{cite journal
| last1 = Sethi
| first1 = Sanghamitra
| last2 = Naik
| first2 = Paramananda
| title = Role of Digital Technology in Museum Development: A Special Reference to Odisha State Tribal Museum
| journal = International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
| volume = 6
| issue = 1
| pages = 800–805
| date = January 2021
| issn = 2456-2165
| url = https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21JAN504.pdf
| access-date = October 25, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Odisha Crafts Museum|Kala Bhoomi (Odisha Crafts Museum)]] || Bhubaneswar || Art / Crafts || 2018 || Dedicated to traditional crafts and artisans of Odisha, featuring live demonstrations and galleries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/experience-the-essence-of-odisha-at-kala-bhoomi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324211402/http://odishasuntimes.com/experience-the-essence-of-odisha-at-kala-bhoomi/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 March 2018|title=Experience the essence of Odisha at Kala Bhoomi {{!}} OdishaSunTimes.com|last=Mishra|first=Sweta|website=odishasuntimes.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar|Regional Museum of Natural History]] || Bhubaneswar || Natural History || 2004 || A museum focusing on biodiversity, environment, and conservation in eastern India.<ref name=rmnh>{{cite web|title=Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar|url=http://nmnh.nic.in/Bhubaneswar.htm|publisher=National Museum of Natural History, Government of India|accessdate=13 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pathani Samanta Planetarium]] || Bhubaneswar || Science || 1989 || A planetarium offering educational programs related to astronomy and space science.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Planetarium Tours, India {{!}} Book Trail/ Package{{!}} Odisha Tourism |url=https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/discover/attractions/museums/planetarium.html |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=odishatourism.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Netaji Birth Place Museum || Cuttack || History / Biography || 1973 || Located at the birthplace of Subhas Chandra Bose, showcasing his life and contributions.<ref name="OdishaTourismNetaji">{{cite web |title=Netaji Birth Place Museum |url=https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/discover/attractions/museums/netaji-museum.html |access-date=April 25, 2026 |website=Odisha Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha}}</ref>
|-
| Swaraj Ashram Museum || Cuttack || History || 1971 || A museum dedicated to India's freedom movement and associated leaders.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Swaraj Ashram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/cuttack/swaraj-ashram/ps47642972.cms |access-date=2026-04-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| Maritime Museum || Cuttack || Maritime History || 2013 || Located near Jobra, it highlights Odisha's ancient maritime trade and naval history.<ref name="OdishaMaritimeMuseum">{{cite web |title=Odisha State Maritime Museum |url=https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/discover/attractions/museums/odisha-state-maritime-museum.html |access-date=April 25, 2026 |website=Odisha Tourism |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha}}</ref>
|-
| Sudarshan Crafts Museum || Puri || Art / Crafts || 1977 || Established by artist Sudarshan Sahoo, focusing on stone sculptures and traditional art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudarsan Crafts Museum,Puri |url=https://purimarkets.com/SudarsanCraftsMuseum.aspx |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=purimarkets.com}}</ref>
|-
| Raghurajpur Crafts Village || Puri district || Folk Art || — || A heritage crafts village known for Pattachitra paintings and traditional arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raghurajpur: The Heritage Crafts Village of Odisha! #OdishaBloggersTrail |url=https://odishatourism.gov.in/content/tourism/en/blog-details/raghurajpur-the-heritage-crafts-village-of-odisha-odishabloggerstrail.html |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=odishatourism.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Konark Interpretation Centre || Konark || Archaeology / Heritage || 2017 || Provides insights into the history and architecture of the Konark Sun Temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIDHI+ |url=https://nidhi.tourism.gov.in/home/attraction-details/4cacb740-6910-451e-87cf-b2a5126fb1a4 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=nidhi.tourism.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| INS Chilika Naval Museum || Chilika || Military / Naval || — || A naval museum showcasing maritime defense history and naval artifacts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museum to showcase Chilika's marine diversity |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/museum-to-showcase-chilikas-marine-diversity/cid/1786220 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230322224705/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/museum-to-showcase-chilikas-marine-diversity/cid/1786220 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tribal Museum Rourkela|Tribal Research and Cultural Museum]]|| Rourkela || Anthropology || — || Focuses on tribal heritage and ethnographic collections of western Odisha.<ref name="PIB_BlackDiamond2024">{{cite press release |title=Coal Minister visits Black Diamond Museum & Library at Angul |date=23 November 2024 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |location=Bhubaneswar |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2254213 |access-date=April 25, 2026 |agency=Ministry of Coal}}</ref>
|-
| Odisha Police Museum || Cuttack || Law Enforcement || 2020 || Exhibits the history and evolution of policing in Odisha.
|-
|[[Museum of Justice, Orissa High Court|Museum of Justice]]
|Cuttack
|Law Enforcement
|2017
|Showcases the evolution of legal system in Odisha.<ref name="OrissaHighCourtMuseum">{{cite web |title=Museum of Justice |url=https://orissahighcourt.nic.in/museum.pdf |access-date=April 25, 2026 |website=High Court of Orissa |publisher=Judiciary of Odisha |format=PDF}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Tourism in Odisha]]
* [[Culture of Odisha]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://odisha.gov.in Official Government of Odisha website]
* [https://odishatourism.gov.in Odisha Tourism]

[[Category:Museums in Odisha]]
[[Category:Lists of museums in India]]
[[Category:Odisha-related lists]]

Fatehpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:21:38Z

OlivaGabel6: New

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{for|the constituency in Rajasthan|Fatehpur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Fatehpur
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| type= SLA
| map_image = 8-Fatehpur, Himachal Pradesh constituency.svg
| constituency_no = 8
| established = [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| district = [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|Kangra]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:87913}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Department, Himachal Pradesh |url=https://himachal.nic.in/showfile.php?lang=1&dpt_id=6&level=1&sublinkid=21406&lid=19924 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=himachal.nic.in}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
| mla = [[Bhawani Singh Pathania]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
}}
'''Fatehpur''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. It is a part of [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Fatehpur Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/fatehpur.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= October 31, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= October 31, 2017 }}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Sujan Singh Pathania]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Congress wins Fatehpur bypoll in Himachal|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/congress-wins-fatehpur-bypoll-in-himachal-333336|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-02|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102095156/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/congress-wins-fatehpur-bypoll-in-himachal-333336 |archive-date=2 November 2021 }}</ref>{{Efn|By-Election}}
|rowspan="2"| [[Bhawani Singh Pathania]]
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{noteslist}}

== Election results ==

===Assembly By-election 2021 ===
A by-election was needed for this constituency due to the death of the sitting MLA, [[Sujan Singh Pathania]], on 13 February 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/veteran-congress-mla-ex-minister-sujan-singh-pathania-dies-at-77/article33826245.ece |title=Veteran Congress MLA, ex-minister Sujan Singh Pathania dies at 77 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=13 February 2021 |author= |access-date= 17 April 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|2021 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Fatehpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/13971-bye-elections-2021-parliamentary-and-assemblies/|title=Bye Elections 2021 (Parliamentary and Assemblies)|access-date=10 December 2023|website=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhawani Singh Pathania]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,449 |percentage=42.82% |change={{increase}}10.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Thakur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,660 |percentage=32.68% |change={{increase}}2.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Rajan Sushant |party=Independent politician |votes=12,927 |percentage=22.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=389 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pankaj Kumar Darshi |party=Himachal Jan Kranti Party |votes=375 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Ashok Kumar Somal |party=Independent politician |votes=295 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,789 |percentage=10.14% |change= {{increase}}7.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,095 |percentage=64.91% |change= {{decrease}}8.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,222 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.96 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.90 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Fatehpur<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sujan Singh Pathania]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,962 |percentage=31.92% |change={{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kripal Singh Parmar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,678 |percentage=29.76% |change={{increase}}7.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=13,090 |percentage=22.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Rajan Sushant |party=Independent politician |votes=6,205 |percentage=10.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=830 |percentage=1.40% |change={{decrease}}8.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhi Chand Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=580 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rasal Singh |party=Lok Gathbandhan Party |votes=392 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Ashok Kumar Somal |party=Independent politician |votes=375 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=329 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,284 |percentage=2.16% |change= {{decrease}}11.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,401 |percentage=73.52% |change= {{increase}}3.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,793 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.17 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Kangra district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|32.2|76.36|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kangra district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2007]]

Poriem Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:40:29Z

OlivaGabel6: Stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Goa State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Poriem
| mla = [[Deviya Vishwajit Rane]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Goa]]
| district = [[North Goa district|North Goa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[North Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|North Goa]]
| established = 1989
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:32985}}<ref name=results2022/>{{update after|2027|5}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no =18
| map_image = File:Poriem constitution.svg
}}

'''Poriem Assembly constituency''' is one of the 40 [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the state of [[Goa]] in southern [[India]]. Poriem is also one of the 20 constituencies falling under [[North Goa Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Pratapsingh Rane]]
| rowspan="7" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="7" | [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
|[[1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
|[[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Deviya Vishwajit Rane]]<ref name=results2022/>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref name=results2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14168-goa-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Goa General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 17 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/ELECTION/Voter%20Turnout%20GE-2022.pdf |title=General Elections 2022 to Goa Legislatie Assembly - AC wise Voter Turnout |access-date=23 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Deviya Rane]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,816 |percentage=60.79% |change={{increase}}21.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishwajit Krishnarao Rane |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=3,873 |percentage=13.22% |change={{increase}}11.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sameer Satarkar |party=Revolutionary Goans Party |votes=3,513 |percentage=11.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganpat Gaonkar |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,500 |percentage=5.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjit Jayasingrao Rane |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,488 |percentage=5.08% |change={{decrease}}49.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=542 |percentage=1.85% |change={{decrease}}0.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurudas Gaonkar |party=Shiv Sena |votes=267 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jayeshwar Gawde |party=Jai Maha Bharath Party |votes=246 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,943 |percentage=47.58% |change= {{increase}}32.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,307 |percentage=87.02% |change= {{decrease}}1.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,985 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.46 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Successful Candidates|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/Goa/01ListOfSuccessfulCandidates.xlsx|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|format=Xlsx|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,977 |percentage=54.27% |change={{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishwajit Krishnarao Rane |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,911 |percentage=39.54% |change={{decrease}}5.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=552 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suhas Gajanan Naik |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=469 |percentage=1.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sitaram Anant Gawas |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=403 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit Sadanand Mhalshekar |party=Independent politician |votes=284 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,066 |percentage=14.73% |change= {{increase}}4.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,596 |percentage=89.91% |change= {{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,694 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.33 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite report|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012, to the Legislative Assembly of Goa|publisher=Election Commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3856-goa-2012/}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,772 |percentage=54.82% |change={{decrease}}3.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishwajit Krishnarao Rane |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,225 |percentage=44.69% |change={{increase}}7.04 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,547 |percentage=10.14% |change= {{decrease}}10.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,120 |percentage=89.85% |change= {{increase}}11.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,820 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2007===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_GOA_after_IC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007042153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_GOA_after_IC.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,605 |percentage=58.12% |change={{increase}}2.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vassudeo Ramnath Parab |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,869 |percentage=37.65% |change={{decrease}}2.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rane Rajendra Narayanrao |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=648 |percentage=3.55% |change={{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,736 |percentage=20.48% |change= {{increase}}4.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,246 |percentage=77.94% |change= {{increase}}1.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,251 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2002===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_se2002_GA.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007072027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_se2002_GA.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,126 |percentage=55.72% |change={{increase}}2.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santoba Krishnarao Dessai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,557 |percentage=40.04% |change={{increase}}20.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaonkar Kanta Shamba |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=677 |percentage=4.13% |change={{decrease}}18.80 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,569 |percentage=15.69% |change= {{decrease}}14.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,378 |percentage=77.11% |change= {{increase}}2.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,217 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.55 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReportof%20Goa-99.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007115355/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReportof%20Goa-99.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,865 |percentage=52.93% |change={{increase}}3.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santoba Krishnarao Dessai |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=3,407 |percentage=22.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rane Sardesai Dipaji Hirabarao |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,927 |percentage=19.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gonsalves Vincent Dioga |party=Communist Party of India |votes=659 |percentage=4.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,458 |percentage=30.00% |change= {{increase}}20.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,859 |percentage=74.62% |change= {{decrease}}6.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,912 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.28 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1994===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StaticialReportGOA94.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006094522/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StaticialReportGOA94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,268 |percentage=49.65% |change={{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rane Krishnarao Appasaheb |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=5,840 |percentage=39.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vincy Gonsalves |party=Communist Party of India |votes=517 |percentage=3.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gawas Tarak Rama |party=Independent politician |votes=357 |percentage=2.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rane Jaisingrao Venkatrao |party=Janata Dal |votes=289 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,428 |percentage=9.75% |change= {{decrease}}6.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,639 |percentage=78.91% |change= {{increase}}0.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,085 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] : Poriem<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20Goa%201989.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006124346/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20Goa%201989.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pratapsingh Rane]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,231 |percentage=55.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rane Krishnarao Appasaheb |party=Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party |votes=5,126 |percentage=39.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gawas Sundare Ramchandra |party=Gomantak Bahujan Samaj Parishad |votes=113 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,105 |percentage=16.22% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,975 |percentage=77.14% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,166 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Goa Legislative Assembly]]
* [[North Goa district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Goa Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/71-goa/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Goa}}

{{coord|15.59|74.03|display=title}}

[[Category:North Goa district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Goa]]
[[Category:Politics of Goa]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Goa]]

Shrutika Arjun

2026-04-17T11:55:27Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{short description|Indian television personality}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|09|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| yearsactive = 2002–2003, 2022–present
| spouse = Arjun Raaj
| children = 1
| occupation = Television personality, entrepreneur, actress
}}

'''Shrutika Arjun''' (born 17 September 1987)<ref name=":2" /> is an Indian television personality, entrepreneur and former actress who appeared in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=18 July 2002 |title=Mass hero films |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/18/stories/2002071800140402.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040128033241/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/18/stories/2002071800140402.htm |archive-date=28 January 2004 |access-date=20 April 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref name="open to comeback">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Suriya's heroine Shrutika open to comeback after seventeen years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-heroine-shrutika-open-to-comeback-after-seventeen-years/articleshow/78034149.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711111435/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/suriyas-heroine-shrutika-open-to-comeback-after-seventeen-years/articleshow/78034149.cms |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=13 September 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Ayyappa |date=6 July 2001 |title=Sruthika makes her debut |url=http://www.screenindia.com/20010706/rtel5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006103323/http://www.screenindia.com/20010706/rtel5.html |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref> She debuted as an actress in 2002. After two years of acting, she quit the entertainment industry, but returned in 2022 with the third season of the reality series ''[[Cooku with Comali season 3|Cooku with Comali 3]]'', in which she emerged the winner. She was a contestant on the [[Hindi]] reality show, [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 18|''Bigg Boss Season 18'']] in 2024.

== Early and personal life ==
Shrutika was born on 17 September 1987. Her paternal grandfather is actor [[Thengai Srinivasan]]. She studied in [[Adarsh Vidyalaya Higher Secondary School]], Chennai.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2002 |title=Interview: Sruthiga Speaks Out: |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/interviews/2002/augu/21-08-02.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040704000910/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/interviews/2002/augu/21-08-02.html |archive-date=4 July 2004 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> Her cousin [[Yogi (actor)|Yogi]] and brother Adithya are actors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan V. |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=20 October 2012 |title=He walked tall in tinsel town |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/he-walked-tall-in-tinsel-town/article4016391.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130005021/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/he-walked-tall-in-tinsel-town/article4016391.ece |archive-date=30 November 2016 |access-date=9 September 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1168903510936686595 |user=Shivpink |title=Yes , it's on the birth certificate as my surname... a combination of my dad (shivashanker) and mom (pinky) 😁 |author=Adithya Shivpink |date=3 September 2019 |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref> Shrutika's father is Tamil and her mother is Punjabi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandal |first=Pramila |date=2024-11-06 |title=Bigg Boss 18 EXCLUSIVE: Shrutika Arjun reveals what triggers her, calls herself 'Salman Khan fanatic'; 'Can't hear a word against him' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-18-exclusive-shrutika-arjun-reveals-what-triggers-her-calls-herself-salman-khan-fanatic-cant-hear-a-word-against-him-1356979 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226081137/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/bigg-boss-18-exclusive-shrutika-arjun-reveals-what-triggers-her-calls-herself-salman-khan-fanatic-cant-hear-a-word-against-him-1356979 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> Shrutika is married to businessman Arjun, and they have a son.<ref name="open to comeback" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojKVeR1_fqo |title="நெறய Directors-ஓட Career-அ நான் Finish பண்ணிருக்கேன்!" – Suriya's Heroine Shrutika Breaks! |date=6 September 2020 |last=BehindwoodsTV |language=ta |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203192349/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojKVeR1_fqo |archive-date=3 December 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> In 2018, she founded an [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] skin brand named Haappy Herbs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2024 |title=Explore how Shrutika Arjun built Haappy Herbs; Learn about her education, journey, and more |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/explore-how-shrutika-arjun-built-haappy-herbs-learn-about-her-education-journey-and-more/3366498/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430091148/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/explore-how-shrutika-arjun-built-haappy-herbs-learn-about-her-education-journey-and-more/3366498/ |archive-date=30 April 2024 |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
At age 14, Shrutika was picked to star in ''[[Sri (2002 film)|Sri]]'' (2002) opposite [[Suriya]].<ref name="open to comeback" /> A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted that the two make a "nice screen pair".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=26 July 2002 |title=Sri |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/26/stories/2002072600880201.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716102424/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/26/stories/2002072600880201.htm |archive-date=16 July 2013 |access-date=20 April 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Her role as Ammu in the Malayalam film ''[[Swapnam Kondu Thulabharam]]'' was praised by reviewers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sruthika |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/profile.php?id=13197920&cid=2409 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202137/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/profile.php?id=13197920&cid=2409 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |access-date=25 April 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Shrutika also appeared in supporting roles in the 2003 Tamil films ''[[Nala Damayanthi (2003 film)|Nala Damayanthi]]'' and ''[[Thithikudhe]]'', starring [[R. Madhavan|Madhavan]] and [[Jiiva]] respectively. She then left the film industry to focus on her education,<ref name=":0" /> but said in 2020 that she was open to returning.<ref name="open to comeback" /> Shrutika returned to entertainment in 2022 with the [[Cooku with Comali season 3|third season]] of the reality series ''[[Cooku with Comali]]'', of which she emerged the winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2022 |title=Cooku with Comali 3 fame Shurutika Arjun thanks fans for support; says "I am not even worthy of your overwhelming love" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cooku-with-comali-3-fame-shurutika-arjun-thanks-fans-for-support-says-i-am-not-even-worthy-of-your-overwhelming-love/articleshow/89593733.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216081538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cooku-with-comali-3-fame-shurutika-arjun-thanks-fans-for-support-says-i-am-not-even-worthy-of-your-overwhelming-love/articleshow/89593733.cms |archive-date=16 February 2022 |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2024, she became the first Tamil contestant on the Hindi reality series ''[[Bigg Boss|Big Boss]]'', participating in its [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 18|18th season]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=7 October 2024 |title=Shrutika Arjun enters Bigg Boss Hindi season 18 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shrutika-arjun-enters-bigg-boss-hindi-season-18/articleshow/114002789.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008013622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shrutika-arjun-enters-bigg-boss-hindi-season-18/articleshow/114002789.cms |archive-date=8 October 2024 |access-date=8 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and was evicted on Day 96.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Bigg Boss 18 Day 95: Shrutika Arjun evicted from the show ahead of finale |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-18-shrutika-arjun-evicted-ahead-of-grand-finale-salman-khan-chaahat-pandey-2663265-2025-01-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116210247/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-18-shrutika-arjun-evicted-ahead-of-grand-finale-salman-khan-chaahat-pandey-2663265-2025-01-11 |archive-date=16 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2026, she appeared on ''The 50'', which aired on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-26 |title=The 50: Shrutika Arjun makes a big confession about nepotism, says, “My grandfather did 965 movies in Tamil par maine nepotism ko waste kar diya” |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-50-shrutika-arjun-makes-a-big-confession-about-nepotism-says-my-grandfather-did-965-movies-in-tamil-par-maine-nepotism-ko-waste-kar-diya/articleshow/128817440.cms |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002 || ''[[Sri (2002 film)|Sri]]'' || Meenakshi || rowspan="3" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|-
| ''[[Album (2002 film)|Album]]'' || Vijaya "Viji" Lakshmi
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003 || ''[[Nala Damayanthi (2003 film)|Nala Damayanthi]]'' || Malathy
|-
| ''[[Swapnam Kondu Thulabharam]]'' || Ammu || [[Malayalam]]
|-
| ''[[Thithikudhe]]'' || Sruthi || Tamil
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role!! Language !! class="unsortable" |Notes
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''[[Cooku with Comali season 3]]''
| Contestant
| rowspan="5" | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Winner<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2022 |title=CWC 3 Final: 5 லட்சம் பரிசை ஜெயித்த ஸ்ருத்திகா.. அவரது கணவர் செய்த விஷயம் |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/shrutika-arjun-wins-cooku-with-comali-3-title-1658673838 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808231822/https://cineulagam.com/article/shrutika-arjun-wins-cooku-with-comali-3-title-1658673838 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Cineulagam |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mr. and Mrs. Chinnathirai]]''
|Guest host
|Season 4
|-
|''Anda Ka Kasam''
|Contestant
|
|-
|''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]''
|Contestant
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Kalakka Povathu Yaaru? Champions]] Season 4''
|Judge
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 February 2023 |title=Reality show 'KPY Champion 4' set to launch soon; deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reality-show-kpy-champion-4-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/97722061.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210202836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/reality-show-kpy-champion-4-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/97722061.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=10 February 2023 |access-date=7 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024–2025
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 18|Bigg Boss 18]]''
|Contestant
|[[Hindi]]
|Evicted Day 96 (9th place)
|-
|2025
|''[[Single Pasanga]]''
|Judge
|Tamil
|
|-
|2026
|''[[The 50]]''
|Contestant
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-20 |title=Exclusive - Bigg Boss 18 fame Shrutika Arjun confirmed for ‘The 50’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-bigg-boss-18-fame-shrutika-arjun-confirmed-for-the-50/articleshow/126787015.cms |access-date=2026-01-24 |work=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> Evicted Day 21 (23rd/50th place)
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1801446}}
* {{Instagram|shrutika_arjun}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arjun, Shrutika}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian television personalities]]

Deogarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:55:26Z

OlivaGabel6: Stub

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Odisha}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Debagarh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Deogarh
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 19
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northen Division
| district = [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Romanch Ranjan Biswal]]
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,51,730{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Deogarh''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Debagarh district]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000601/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=19 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Deogarh (19) District : Deogarh |accessdate= 27 January 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes [[Debagarh]], Tileibani block, Barkote block and Reamal block.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their Extent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls|title=Seats of Odisha}}</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp134.htm|title= 134 - Deogarh Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|45.02}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|41.52}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|53.87}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|38.99}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|51.19}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|39.27}}
{{bar percent|1998 (bypoll)|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|55.34}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|42.78}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|72.38}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.80}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|43.63}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|60.62}}
}}

Since its formation in 1957, 17 elections were held till date including in one bypoll in 1998. It was a 2-member constituency for 1957.

List of members elected from Deogarh constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Deogarh Assembly Election Results 2024: Deogarh Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/deogarh-constituency-result-18019 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Romanch Ranjan Biswal]]
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />
|[[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=7 October 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |accessdate=8 November 2022 |date=24 May 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108183944/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |archivedate=8 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|[[Nitesh Ganga Deb]]
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|Sanjeeb Kumar Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|[[Nitesh Ganga Deb]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|1998 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Pradipta Gangdev}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Bye Election: Deogarh 1998 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/453 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| rowspan="2" |Pradipta Gangdev
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Raja Kishore Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Aswini Kumar Behera
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="4" |Bhanuganga Tribhuban Deb
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Jayadev Thakur
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Rani Jyotimanjari Debi
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|-
|Jayadev Thakur
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Romanch Ranjan Biswal]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]] by a margin of 15, 792 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]],Deogarh}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Romanch Ranjan Biswal]]
|votes = 89,074
|percentage = 45.02
|change = {{increase}}7.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]]|votes=73,282|percentage=37.03|change={{decrease}}4.49}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sem Hembram|votes=28,279|percentage=14.29|change={{decrease}}1.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=2,767|percentage=1.40|change={{increase}}0.67}}
{{Election box majority||votes=15,792|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,97,873|percentage=78.61|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
In 2019 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Romanch Ranjan Biswal]] by a margin of 7,106 votes.<ref name="Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners" />

{{Election box begin|
| title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Deogarh<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |candidate=[[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]] |votes=74,355 |percentage=41.52 |change={{decrease}}12.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Romanch Ranjan Biswal]]|votes=67,249|percentage=37.56|change={{increase}}6.97}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Uma Shankar Sahu|votes=27,426|percentage=15.32|change={{increase}}6.42}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,313|percentage=0.73|change=048|}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,106|percentage=3.96|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,79,063|percentage=74.7|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
In 2014 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Nitesh Ganga Deb]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Anita Pradhan by a margin of 38,739 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Deogarh<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Deogarh|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1819.htm?ac=19|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 May 2014|archive-date=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529154421/http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1819.htm?ac=19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Deogarh (19)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529144816/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=19|url-status=usurped|archive-date=29 May 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nitesh Ganga Deb]]
|votes = 89,636
|percentage = 53.87
|change = {{increase}}30.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Anita Pradhan
|votes = 50,897
|percentage = 30.59
|change = {{decrease}}8.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sem Hemram
|votes = 14,809
|percentage = 8.9
|change = {{decrease}}22.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2011
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 38,739
|percentage = 23.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,66,394
|percentage = 78.97
|change = 7.89
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,10,712
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Sanjeeb Kumar Pradhan defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Nitesh Ganga Deb]] by a margin of 10,705 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=12712 |accessdate=27 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= 2009 Vidhan Sabha Election, Deogarh<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_OR_April2009.pdf |title=Statistical report on general election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |access-date=27 January 2014 |archive-date=17 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217135150/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_OR_April2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Sanjeeb Kumar Pradhan
|votes = 54,267
|percentage = ''38.99''
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Nitesh Ganga Deb]]
|votes = 43,561
|percentage = 31.30
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Subash Chandra Panigrahi]]
|votes = 33,009
|percentage = 23.72
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,705
|percentage = ''7.69''{{efn|%of total valid votes}}
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,39,257
|percentage = 71.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Debagarh district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|21.54|84.73|display=title}}

[[Category:Debagarh district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Orissa]]

Skardu–Kargil Road

2026-03-21T23:48:22Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Short description|Road in the greater Kashmir region of South Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{infobox road
| name = Skardu–Kargil Road {{Nastaliq|شاہراہِ کارگل}}
| country = PAK
| image = Kargil-Skardu Road.svg
| length_km = 126
| terminus_a = [[Skardu]]
| terminus_b = [[Kharmang Valley|Kharmang]]
| alternate_name = Kargil Highway
| maint = [[Government of Gilgit-Baltistan|Planning & Development Department]]
| restrictions = [[Line of Control]]
}}

The '''Skardu–Kargil Road''' ({{langx|ur|{{unq|شاہراہ کارگل}}}}) is a {{Convert|126|km|mi|adj=on}} [[Provincial Highways of Gilgit-Baltistan|provincial highway]] in the [[Pakistani-administered Kashmir|Pakistani-administered territory]] of [[Gilgit-Baltistan|Gilgit–Baltistan]], running from the city of [[Skardu]] to the [[Line of Control]] with the [[Indian Administered Kashmir|Indian-administered territory]] of [[Ladakh]], via the [[Kharmang Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/opinion/01-Sep-2015/opening-the-kargil-skardu-road|title = Opening the Kargil-Skardu road|date = 31 August 2015}}</ref> The original road continued to run until the town of [[Kargil]], but has been [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|closed since 1948]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/5483-political-debris-blocking-the-skardu-kargil-road | title=Political debris blocking the Skardu-Kargil road | first=M Ismail | last=Khan | date=9 May 2006 | newspaper=The News | location=Pakistan | accessdate=26 October 2020 }}</ref>

==History==
Prior to [[First Kashmir War]], the regions of [[Kargil district|Kargil]], [[Leh district|Leh]] and [[Baltistan]] constituted the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)#Administration|Ladakh Wazarat]] in the [[princely state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in [[British Raj|British India]]. Following the end of the [[First Kashmir War]], Kargil and Baltistan came under the control of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] respectively.<ref name="Askary">Haidar Ali Askary, [http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/kargil-skardu-road-only-connect/187225.html Kargil-Skardu Road: Only Connect], Greater Kashmir, 24 May 2015.</ref>

Many people from both sides of the [[Line of Control]] seek to have the road re-opened to traffic, partly on humanitarian grounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/198840/refugees-seek-opening-of-skardu-kargil-road|title = Refugees seek opening of Skardu, Kargil road|date = 27 June 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/615159|title = Kashmir issue and Skardu-Kargil road|date = 23 March 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Provincial Highways of Gilgit-Baltistan|Provincial highways of Gilgit–Baltistan]]
*[[Kashmir conflict]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Provincial Highways of Gilgit-Baltistan}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Skardu-Kargil Road}}
[[Category:Highways in Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Roads in Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Skardu District]]
[[Category:Kharmang District]]
{{Roads in Pakistan}}

{{coord missing|Pakistan}}{{Pakistan-road-stub}}

Anant Singh Pathania

2026-03-19T07:08:00Z

OlivaGabel6: expanded content

{{Short description|Recipient of Maha Vir Chakra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Major General]]
|name=Anant Singh Pathania
| honorific_suffix =[[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[Military Cross|MC]]
|image=
|alt=
|caption=
|birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1913|05|25}}
|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2007|12|19|1913|05|25}}
|birth_place= [[Village]] [[Rey Khas]], [[Tehsil]] [[Fatehpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur]], [[District]] [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], [[Himachal Pradesh|H.P]] [[India]]
 [[File:British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg|30px]] [[Punjab Province (British India)]]
|death_place= [[Dharamsala]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label=
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flag|British India}} (1936–1947) {{flag|India}} (1947–1965)
|branch={{army|British India}} {{army|India}}
|serviceyears=1936–1965
|rank= [[File:Major General of the Indian Army.svg|22px]] [[Major-General]]
|servicenumber = IC-56
| unit =[[13th Frontier Force Rifles]] [[5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]]
|commands= [[4th Infantry Division (India)|4th Infantry Division]]
|battles=
{{tree list}}
* [[Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)|Waziristan campaign]]
* [[World War II]]
** [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African campaign]]
*** [[Battle of Keren]]
** [[Burma Campaign]]
* [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1947]]
** [[Operation Bison (Jammu & Kashmir 1948)|Operation Bison]]
* [[Sino-Indian War]]
{{tree list/end}}
|awards=[[Maha Vir Chakra]] [[Military Cross]]
|relations=
|laterwork=
|signature=
}}

[[Major General]] '''Anant Singh Pathania''' [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]], [[Military Cross|MC]] (25 May 1913 – 19 December 2007) was a decorated [[Indian Army]] general; the first Indian to receive a [[Military Cross]] in the Second World War, he was also the first Indian commanding officer of the Gorkha Rifles.<ref name=soldier_core>{{cite news|title=Soldier to the core|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080109/himplus1.htm|access-date=2 September 2018|newspaper=The Tribune (Chandigarh)|date=9 January 2008}}</ref> During the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, he commanded the [[4th Infantry Division (India)|4th Infantry Division]] during a critical stage of the conflict where his leadership was criticised.<ref name="poor_leadership_report"/>

==Early life and career==
Pathania was born the third and youngest son of Lieutenant-Colonel [[Raghbir Singh Pathania]] (1874–1915), an officer in the Jammu and Kashmir princely army, and Raj Devi Dalpatia. He was a member of a distinguished Rajput military and royal clan which had served the Dogra rulers of Jammu and Kashmir for generations. Descended from a cadet branch of the ruling Pathania Rajas of Nurpur, his paternal grandfather, Major-General ''Sardar Bahadur'' Nihal Singh Pathania (1853–1926), had been the commander of the Jammu and Kashmir army, leading them in the 1891 Hunza campaign and in the Black Mountain Expedition; his maternal grandfather Baj Singh Dalpatia had been a general during campaigns in Chitral. Pathania's father was killed during the First World War in Tanganyika while leading the 2nd Kashmiri Rifles during the [[East African Campaign (World War I)|East African Campaign]].<ref name= "pathania_clan"/>

Pathania had two elder brothers, Baldev Singh Pathania (1897–1985), who served as Military Secretary to Maharaja [[Hari Singh]] and who eventually retired as ''dewan'' of the [[princely state]] of Poonch, and Harnam Singh Pathania (1900-?), who became Chief Conservator of Forests in the state.<ref name= "pathania_clan">{{cite book |editor1-last=Brentnall |editor1-first=Mark |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire (Volume I: Himachal Pradesh) |year=2004 |publication-date=2004 |page=360 |isbn=81-7387-163-9}}</ref>

Pathania was educated at Ranbir High School in Jammu.<ref name="war_decorated">{{cite web |url=http://twdi.in/node/1224|title=Maj Gen Anant Singh Pathania, MVC, MC (now deceased)|website=The War Decorated India & Trust |access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> Commissioned into the [[13th Frontier Force Rifles]] on 1 February 1936, he served on the North-West Frontier during the [[Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)|Waziristan campaign]].<ref name="soldier_core"/> As a temporary captain during the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]], he fought in the [[Battle of Keren]] as a company commander and was awarded a [[Military Cross]] (MC) for his heroism.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35221|date=15 July 1941 |page=4110|supp=y}}</ref> According to author Antony Brett: "Although wounded in the face and in both legs, he collected his company headquarters and any other men he could muster, and pushed the enemy out with the bayonet. Only then, and under orders, did he hand over the company to his second-in-command, but the latter, too, was wounded by bomb splinters."<ref name="soldier_core"/>

The citation recommending Pathania for a Military Cross runs as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7363124|title=Recommendation for Award for Anant Singh Pathania |website=The National Archives (UK)|publisher=UK Government |access-date=5 September 2018}}</ref>

{{blockquote|
22 March 1941

Lieut. (Ty. Captain) ANANT SINGH PATHANIA, 13th Frontier Force Rifles, [[29th Indian Infantry Brigade]], [[5th Indian Division]]

For conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty.

On 17 March 1941, this officer was commanding a flank company which was heavily attacked by at least a battalion of enemy, using mortars, light mortars and grenades. When the enemy succeeded in penetrating the centre of his sector, he led his Company Headquarters and a few men whom he had collected to the counter-attack. He was hit by a grenade on the [illegible] of his steel helmet and temporarily blinded in one eye. He was also wounded in the legs, but he continued to lead his men, firing at the enemy at a few yards range with his pistol. The enemy withdrew and Company's position was re-established. He continued to command his company for another five hours under shell, mortars and small arms fire until ordered to the rear by a senior officer. His actions undoubtedly prevented the development of a very serious situation.
}}

Subsequently posted to Burma, Pathania fought in the Burma Campaign as the first Indian officer to serve as a Brigade Major. In 1945, he was selected as deputy president of the Regular Commission Selection Board over 400 more senior officers.<ref name="soldier_core"/>

==Indian independence and Kashmir war==
At Independence in 1947, Pathania was selected as the first Indian CO of the [[5 Gorkha Rifles|1/5 Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]], his parent unit of the 13th Frontier Force Rifles having been allocated to [[Pakistan]]. As CO, he helped to provide aid for refugees and local residents in Delhi during the post-Partition chaos and rioting.

His battalion was sent to Kashmir during the 1947-48 Indo-Pakistan War, where in November 1948, the Indian Army's advance towards Drass and Kargil was being halted at Pindras gorge. As part of [[Operation Bison (Jammu & Kashmir 1948)|Operation Bison]], then [[5 Gorkha Rifles|1/5 Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)]] was deployed to capture the ridge ahead of Pindras, on the north of Gumri Nala; the resulting battle was reportedly the hardest ever fought during the Jammu and Kashmir operations.<ref name="soldier_core"/> Anant not only led several reconnaissance missions but also pressed home the attack on the enemy on 14 November 1948. Despite heavy enemy machine gun fire the 5th Gorkhas achieved their objectives and inflicted heavy casualties. The victory was attributed to Pathania's daring reconnaissance of enemy positions on the eve of battle. In tribute to Pathania, the strategically important mountain top he captured was named "Anant Hill."<ref name="soldier_core"/>

Pathania was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) for his efforts. The official citation reads:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/Awardee/anant-singh-pathania-mc |title=Maha Vir Chakra - Lt. Col. Anant Singh Pathania, MC |website=Gallantry Awards (Ministry of Defence)|publisher=Government of India |access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref>

{{blockquote|
Lt-Colonel ANANT SINGH PATHANIA, MC (IC-56), 1 Bn. The 5th Gurkha Rifles

The fine achievement of 1/5 RGR during the ZOJILA operations was due entirely to the courage and fine leadership of Lt-Colonel PATHANIA.

The hardest battle fought by the infantry was in breaking the well-fortified enemy position on [the] 'ANANT' feature. The success of this operation was due entirely to Lt-Colonel PATHANIA's personal reconnaissance of the enemy defence and in finding the most suitable routes for the attack of his Bn. on [the] night [of] 14/15 November 1948. Throughout the reconnaissance stage and during the attack, this officer personally led his men. He was a source of great encouragement to his men.}}

==Subsequent career and the 1962 Sino-Indian War==
On 14 October 1949, Pathania was promoted to acting brigadier and assigned to supervise the integration of the Saurashtra and Kutch princely state forces into the Indian Army.<ref name="brig_com"/> From 1952 to 1956, he served as Director General, Military Intelligence (DGMI) before being given command of a brigade in 1956.<ref name="soldier_core"/> On 1 July 1959, he was promoted to acting major-general and given a divisional command,<ref name="actg_maj_gen"/> with promotion to substantive major-general on 13 December 1960.<ref name="maj_gen"/> He commanded the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) as its Director-General from 6 October 1961 until November 1962.<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=299 |date=11 November 1961 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref><ref name="soldier_core"/>

At the outbreak of the [[Sino-Indian War]] in autumn 1962, Pathania was still Director-General of the NCC. In November, when fighting resumed in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], he was abruptly recalled to active service with only a few hours notice. He was given command of the [[4th Infantry Division (India)|4th Infantry Division]], to replace Major-General Niranjan Prasad under whom the division had been badly defeated at [[Namka Chu]] in the [[Tawang district]]. In 2012, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' discovered that four pages of a 40-page covering note to the still-classified [[Henderson Brooks–Bhagat Report]], a review of the Indian Army's performance during the conflict, mentioned that then-Defence Minister [[V. K. Krishna Menon]] had been directly involved in reshuffling senior generals, including Pathania. According to the ''Express'', sources mentioned the Report particularly singled out and harshly criticised Pathania's appointment and the performance of the 4th Infantry Division under his command.<ref name="poor_leadership_report">{{cite news |last=Samanta |first=Pranab Dhal |date=14 October 2012 |title=Poor military leadership, not equipment, led to 1962 debacle: Report under wraps |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/poor-military-leadership-not-equipment-led-to-1962-debacle-report-under-wraps/ |work=The Indian Express |location=New Delhi |access-date=11 November 2018 }}</ref> The Report noted that despite Pathania not having commanded troops for a considerable time, he was still appointed a division commander.<ref name="poor_leadership_report"/>

Under Pathania, the 4th Infantry Division was hastily reconstructed and under the IV Corps, assigned to defend fallback positions along the Se La-Senge-Dhirang axis in Arunachal Pradesh. This would allow the Army to fight an intense defensive campaign and make it difficult for the Chinese army to sustain operations.<ref name="poor_leadership_report"/> On 14 November, the Chinese forces launched a general offensive in the eastern sectors along the front, resulting in the defeat of an Indian brigade at [[Walong]]. IV Corps commander Lieutenant-General [[Brij Mohan Kaul]] had left his headquarters for Walong on 12 November, only departing with his surviving troops on 16 November.<ref name="retreat_rout">{{cite news |last=Malhotra |first=Inder |date=19 September 2011 |title=How the retreat turned into a rout |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/how-the-retreat-turned-into-a-rout/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=11 November 2018 }}</ref> In Kaul's absence, Pathania panicked and contacted the Corps HQ requesting permission to withdraw from his positions at the [[Sela Pass]]. Despite Kaul's staff issuing a clear order to Pathania forbidding withdrawal from Se-la, Pathania continued to persist for an immediate withdrawal and spoke to Kaul after his return to the IV Corps HQ. In response, according to Kaul's chief of staff A. M. Vohra, Kaul issued ambiguous and unclear orders to Pathania. Though General [[Pran Nath Thapar]], the Chief of Army Staff, and the [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] army commander Lieutenant-General L. P. Sen, along with Director of Military Operations Palit had arrived at Tezpur to boost Kaul's morale, and though Palit pleaded with both Thapar and Sen to convince Pathania against withdrawing from Se-la, neither general wanted to interfere with Kaul's corps.<ref name="retreat_rout"/>

As a result, though Kaul repeatedly attempted to contact his division commander, during the night of 17 November Pathania withdrew two battalions from Se-la though neither had engaged the Chinese troops. He also closed his divisional HQ at Dirang Dzong and fled with his troops towards Assam. At the same time, the Chinese had rapidly infiltrated the Indian positions around [[Bomdila]], encircling and ambushing the remaining Indian troops as they chaotically withdrew.

In almost every book or article written on Sino-Indian war 1962, he has been criticized for the retreat of 4th Div.

Brigadier Hoshiar Singh, the commander of 62 Brigade who had withdrawn from Se-la only after being threatened with court-martial, was killed in one ambush.<ref name="retreat_rout" />

[[Hoshiar Singh (Brigadier)]] who retreated on 18 November was massacred along with 32 others by Chinese on 23 November 1962 at Phudung (two days after the cease fire was announced).

After his panicky retreat, Pathania wrote to [[Harish Chandra Sarin]], then a joint secretary in the Defence Ministry, and requested another chance to fight, even as an ordinary soldier at the front.<ref name="poor_leadership_report" />

==Later life==
Pathania retired from the Army in January 1965, after being on deputation to the Ministry of Education as Director-General of the National Discipline Scheme, devised to foster national integration and discipline among students. As a retired general officer, he continued to serve in this capacity until finally retiring in July 1967, first settling at [[Jammu]] before moving to a residence at [[Dharamsala]]. In his final years, concerned about shortfalls of officers in the Indian Army, he delivered a message to youngsters that they should "serve in the world's best fighting force. There is nothing greater than wearing the uniform of the Indian Army." He died at his Dharamsala home on 19 December 2007, aged 94.<ref name="soldier_core"/>

==Personal life==
Pathania was married to Uma Katoch, who survived him.<ref name="soldier_core"/> The couple had four children, Major-General Narayan Singh Pathania (b. 8 April 1945), Indu (b. 15 March 1948), Meenakshi (b. 23 August 1951) and Vasudev Singh (b. 2 July 1953).<ref name= "pathania_clan"/><ref name="war_decorated"/>

==Awards and decorations==

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Maha_Vir_Chakra_ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=India_General_Service_Medal_1947.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Indian_Independence_medal_1947.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Military_cross_BAR.svg|width=106}}
|}
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=India_General_Service_Medal_1936_BAR.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_1939-45_Star.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_Africa_Star.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_Burma_Star.png|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon_-_War_Medal.png|width=106}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|[[Maha Vir Chakra]]
|colspan="2"|[[General Service Medal 1947]]
|[[Indian Independence Medal]]
|[[Military Cross]]
|-
|[[India General Service Medal (1936)]]
|[[1939–1945 Star]]
|[[Africa Star]]
|[[Burma Star]]
|[[War Medal 1939–1945]]
|}

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-1a.svg|35px]] || [[Second lieutenant#United Kingdom & other Commonwealth countries|Second Lieutenant]] || [[British Indian Army]] || 1 February 1936<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-1b.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|Lieutenant]] || British Indian Army || 24 February 1937<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47">{{cite book|pages=205E|title=Indian Army List|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1947|edition=August 1947; Special}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-2.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]] || British Indian Army || 1940-20 April 1942 (acting) 21 April 1942 (temporary)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 3 February 1943 (substantive)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Army (1920–1953) OF-3.svg|35px]] || [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] ||British Indian Army || 21 April-31 August 1942 (acting)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 1 September 1942 (temporary)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-4.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]] ||British Indian Army || 8 March 1945 (acting)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/> 8 June 1945 (temporary)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_47"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_OF-2.svg|35px]] || Captain || [[Indian Army]] || 15 August 1947<ref name="insignia" group="note">Upon independence in 1947, India became a [[Dominion of India|Dominion]] within the British [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. As a result, the rank insignia of the [[British Army]], incorporating the [[Tudor Crown]] and four-pointed [[Order of the Bath|Bath Star]] ("pip"), was retained, as [[George VI of the United Kingdom|George VI]] remained Commander-in-Chief of the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. After 26 January 1950, when India became a [[Republic of India|republic]], the [[President of India]] became Commander-in-Chief, and the [[Lion Capital of Asoka|Ashoka Lion]] replaced the crown, with a five-pointed star being substituted for the "pip."</ref><ref name="insignia_designs"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-4.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]] ||Indian Army || September 1947 (temporary)<ref name="insignia" group="note"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Army (1920–1953) OF-3.svg|35px]] || [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]] ||Indian Army || 1948 (substantive)<ref name="insignia" group="note"/><ref name="brig_com">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=286 |date=25 February 1950 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-5.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] ||Indian Army || 1949 (acting)<ref name="insignia" group="note"/><ref name="brig_com"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:British Army (1928-1953) OF-6.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier]] ||Indian Army || 14 October 1949 (acting)<ref name="insignia" group="note"/><ref name="brig_com"/>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || Major || Indian Army || 26 January 1950 (recommissioning and change in insignia)<ref name="insignia_designs">{{cite web|title=New Designs of Crests and Badges in the Services|url=http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India - Archive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://pib.nic.in/archive/docs/DVD_38/ACC%20NO%20807-BR/HOM-1950-01-06_484.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 1952<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=241 |date=1 November 1952 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel]] || Indian Army || 3 February 1953<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=44 |date=23 February 1957 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 3 February 1958 (substantive)<ref name="brig_subs">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=80 |date=5 April 1958 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general#India|Major General]] || Indian Army || 1 July 1959 (acting)<ref name="actg_maj_gen">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=208 |date=29 August 1959 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref> 13 December 1960 (substantive)<ref name="maj_gen">{{cite news |title=Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=245 |date=16 September 1961 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathania, Anant Singh}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:2007 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kangra district]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:People of the India–Pakistan war of 1947–1948]]
[[Category:People of the Sino-Indian War]]
[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Frontier Force Regiment officers]]
[[Category:Indian recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]

Horror film

2026-03-07T15:59:04Z

OlivaGabel6: brief cleanup lead per sources and corrected details after review

{{short description|Film genre}}
{{redirect|Scary movie|the 2000 film|Scary Movie}}
{{redirect|Horror Movie|the Skyhooks song|Horror Movie (song)}}
[[File:Max Schreck as Count Orlok in Nosferatu – Eine Symphonie des Grauens (1922).jpg|thumb|292x292px|[[Max Schreck]] as [[Count Orlok]] in the 1922 film ''[[Nosferatu]]''. Critic and historian [[Kim Newman]] declared that it set the template for the horror film.{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=20}}]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Speculative fiction sidebar|cTopic=Horror fiction}}
'''Horror''' is a [[film genre]] that seeks to elicit physical or psychological [[fear]] in its viewers.<ref name="Kuhn-2012">{{Cite book |last1=Corrigan |first1=Timothy |title=The Film Experience : An Introduction |last2=White |first2=Patricia |publisher=Bedford/St. Martin’s |year=2021 |isbn=9781319208189 |edition=Sixth}}</ref> Horror films often explore dark subject matter and may deal with [[Transgressive art|transgressive topics or themes]]. Broad elements of the genre include [[Monster movie|monsters]], [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|apocalyptic events]], and [[Religion|religious]] or [[Folk horror|folk]] beliefs.

Horror films have existed [[History of horror films|since the early 20th century]]. Early inspirations predating film include [[folklore]]; the religious beliefs and [[superstition]]s of different cultures; and the [[Gothic fiction|Gothic]] and [[Horror fiction|horror literature]] of authors such as [[Edgar Allan Poe]], [[Bram Stoker]], and [[Mary Shelley]]. From its origins in [[silent film]]s and [[German expressionist cinema|German Expressionism]], horror became a codified [[genre]] only after the release of [[Dracula (1931 English-language film)|''Dracula'']] (1931). Many sub-genres emerged in subsequent decades, including [[body horror]], [[comedy horror]], [[erotic horror]], [[slasher film]]s, [[splatter film]]s, [[Supernatural horror film|supernatural horror]], and [[Psychological horror (film and television)|psychological horror]]. The genre has been produced worldwide, varying in content and style between regions. Horror is particularly prominent in the cinema of [[Japanese horror|Japan]], [[Korean horror|Korea]], and [[Thai horror|Thailand]], among other countries.

Despite being the subject of social and legal controversy due to their subject matter, some horror films and franchises have seen major [[List of highest-grossing horror films|commercial success]], influenced society, and generated popular [[Cultural icon|culture icons]].
{{TOCLIMIT|3}}

== Characteristics ==
{{See also|Horror and terror}}The book ''The Film Experience: An Introduction'' (2021) defines the horror film as a genre with origins in Gothic literature that seeks to frighten the viewer. The authors highlight the fundamental elements of the horror film as "characters with physical, psychological, or spiritual deformities"; "narratives built on suspense, surprise, and shock"; and "visual compositions that move between the dread of not seeing and the horror of seeing".<ref name="Kuhn-2012" />

Alternatively'', The Dictionary of Film Studies'' (2012) defines the horror film as representing "disturbing and dark subject matter, seeking to elicit responses of [[fear]], [[Horror and terror|terror]], [[disgust]], shock, [[suspense]], and (of course) horror from their viewers."<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kuhn |first1=Annette |title=A dictionary of film studies |last2=Westwell |first2=Guy |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-19-174442-6 |edition=1st |series=Oxford reference online premium |location=Oxford}}</ref> In his chapter "The American Nightmare: Horror in the 70s" from the book ''Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan'' (2002), film critic [[Robin Wood (critic)|Robin Wood]] declared that the commonality between horror films is that “normality is threatened by the monster.”{{sfn |Balmain |2008 |p=4}} This idea was further expanded on by [[Noël Carroll]] in his book ''The Philosophy of Horror, or Paradoxes of the Heart'' (1990); he noted that "repulsion must be pleasurable, as evidenced by the genre's popularity."{{sfn |Balmain |2008 |p=4}}

Before the release of ''[[Dracula (1931 English-language film)|Dracula]]'' (1931), as historian [[Gary D. Rhodes]] explained, the ideas and terminology of horror films did not yet exist as a codified [[Film genre|genre]], although critics had used the term ''horror'' to describe films in reviews prior to ''Dracula''{{'}}s release.{{sfn |Rhodes |2014 |p=91}} ''Horror'' was a term used with a variety of meanings. In 1913, the magazine ''[[The Moving Picture World|Moving Picture World]]'' defined ''horrors'' as showcasing "striped convicts, murderous Indians, grinning 'black-handers', homicidal drunkards".{{sfn |Rhodes |2018b |p=97}} Some titles directly suggested horror, such as ''The Hand of Horror'' (1914), a melodrama about a thief who steals from his own sister.{{sfn |Rhodes |2018b |p=97}} During the silent era, the term ''horror'' was used to describe everything from battle scenes in war films to stories of drug addiction.{{sfn |Rhodes |2018b |p=98}} Rhodes concluded that the term ''horror film'' (or ''horror movie'') was not used in early cinema.{{sfn |Rhodes |2018b |p=97-98}}

The [[mystery film]] genre was then in vogue, and early information commonly promoted ''Dracula'' as a mystery film, despite the [[Dracula|novel]], the [[Dracula (1924 play)|play]], and the film relying on the [[supernatural]].{{sfn |Rhodes |2014 |p=90}} [[Kim Newman]] discussed the genre in [[British Film Institute]]'s book ''Companion to Horror'', where he noted that horror films in the 1930s were easy to identify, but after that decade, “the more blurred distinctions become, and horror becomes less like a discrete genre than an effect which can be deployed within any number of narrative settings or narrative patterns”.{{sfn |Balmain |2008 |p=5}} In the 1940s, the horror film was viewed in different terms. Critic [[Siegfried Kracauer]] included ''[[The Lost Weekend]]'' among films described as “terror films,” along with ''[[Shadow of a Doubt]]'' (1943), ''[[The Dark Corner]]'' (1946), ''[[Gaslight (1944 film)|Gaslight]]'' (1944), ''[[Shock (1946 film)|Shock]]'' (1946), ''[[The Spiral Staircase (1946 film)|The Spiral Staircase]]'' (1946), ''[[The Stranger (1946 film)|The Stranger]]'' (1946), and ''[[Spellbound (1945 film)|Spellbound]]'' (1945). Two years earlier, the ''[[New York Times]]'' described a new cycle of “horror” productions included ''Gaslight'', ''[[The Woman in the Window (1944 film)|The Woman in the Window]]'' (1944), ''[[Dark Waters (1944 film)|Dark Waters]]'' (1944), ''[[Laura (1944 film)|Laura]] (1944),'' and ''[[Phantom Lady (film)|Phantom Lady]]'' (1944).{{sfn |Jancovich |2008 |p=28}} Mark Jancovich wrote in the book ''The Shifting Definitions of Genre: Essays on Labeling Films, Television Shows and Media'' (2008) that ''horror'' was virtually synonymous with mystery as a generic term, not being limited to films concerned with the strange, eerie, and uncanny.{{sfn |Jancovich |2008 |p=28}}

Various writings on genre from Altman, Lawrence Alloway (''Violent America: The Movies 1946-1964'' (1971)) and Peter Hutchings (''Approaches to Popular Film'' (1995)) implied that it is easier to view films as [[Social cycle theory|cycles]] rather than genres, suggesting that viewing the [[slasher film]] as a cycle would locate it in terms of several factors: the film industry's economy and production, the personnel involved in particular eras, and the manner of film marketing, distribution, and exhibition.{{sfn |Jancovich |2000 |p=31-32}}
In an essay, Mark Jancovich declared that "there is no simple 'collective belief' as to what constitutes the horror genre" among [[Fandom|fans]] and [[Film criticism|critics]] of the genre.{{sfn |Jancovich |2000 |p=25-26}} Jancovich found that disagreements existed between audiences who wanted to distinguish themselves. Such disagreement included fans of other genres who may view a film such as ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'' (1979) as belonging to [[Science fiction film|science fiction]], as well as horror fans dismissing it as inauthentic for either genre.{{sfn |Jancovich |2000 |p=26-27}} Further debates exist among genre fans having personal definitions of “true” horror films: some fans embrace [[Cult following|cult figures]] such as [[Freddy Krueger]] of the ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)|A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' series, while other fans disassociate themselves from characters and series and focus instead on genre ''[[auteur]]'' directors such as [[Dario Argento]], while still other fans would deem Argento's films too mainstream, preferring more [[underground film]]s.{{sfn |Jancovich |2000 |p=28}} Andrew Tudor wrote in his book ''Monsters and Mad Scientists: A Cultural History of the Horror Movie'' that "Genre is what we collectively believe it to be."{{sfn |Tudor |1991 |p=6-7}}

=== Cinematic techniques ===
{{One source|date=December 2021|section}}
Jacob Shelton investigated in detail the many ways that horror films manipulate audience members.<ref name="Ranker">{{cite web |title=15 Ways You Didn't Even Realize Horror Movies Are Manipulating You into Fear |url=https://www.ranker.com/list/horror-movie-tricks-for-scaring-the-audience/jacob-shelton |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=Ranker |language=en}}</ref> Shelton notes that [[negative space]] can draw viewers' eyes to anything in the frame—for example, a wall or the empty blackness in the shadows.<ref name="Ranker" />

Anna Powell explores how horror directors use [[cinematography]] to induce certain viewer reactions. Powell observes that lighting extremes, whether bright or dark, can prevent viewers from seeing every detail in a scene, which provokes unease. Bright lighting might also trick viewers into feeling safe.{{sfn |Powell |2005 |p=120}}

Powell also points out how distorting space and time can confuse and disorient horror film viewers.{{sfn |Powell |2005 |p=130}} To confound viewers' senses, directors might use [[Dutch angle|tilted camera angles]] and shots in slow-motion or reverse.{{sfn |Powell |2005 |p=131-2}}

Powell notes that directors also use colour, through costuming, setting, and [[Photographic filter|lens filters]], to communicate mood and evoke certain connotations. Red, for example, might convey blood, passion, or disease.{{sfn |Powell |2005 |p=137}} Contrasting colours bring viewers’ attention to certain places in the frame.{{sfn |Powell |2005 |p=141}}

The [[jump scare]] is a horror film [[Trope (cinema)|trope]] where an abrupt change in image accompanied by a loud sound aims to surprise the viewer.<ref name="Ranker" /> This trope can also be [[subversion|subverted]] to create tension, as audiences may feel increased unease and discomfort in anticipating jump scares.<ref name="Ranker" />
[[File:Woman-wearing-red-t-shirt-2898511.jpg|thumb|Mirrors are often used to create a sense of tension in horror films.]]
[[Mirror]]s are often used in horror films to create visual depth and build tension. Shelton argues that mirrors have been used so often in horror films that audiences have been [[Classical conditioning|conditioned]] to fear them, and subverting audience expectations of a jump scare in a mirror can further build tension.<ref name="Ranker" /> [[Framing (visual arts)|Tight framing]] and [[close-up]]s are also commonly used; these can build tension and induce [[anxiety]] by not allowing the viewer to see beyond what is near the [[protagonist]].<ref name="Ranker" />

The interaction between horror films and their audiences is another significant issue discussed by Rhodes. He notes that horror films often serve as a safe space for viewers to confront and process their fears. This cathartic experience can provide psychological relief and a sense of empowerment, as viewers face and overcome their anxieties in a controlled environment. The communal experience of watching horror films in theaters or discussing them in fan communities also plays a crucial role in the genre's impact and popularity.[6]

=== Music ===
{{Main|Horror film score}}
[[File:John Carpenter Live 2016.jpg|thumb|Filmmaker and composer [[John Carpenter]], who has directed and scored [[John Carpenter filmography|numerous horror films]], performing in 2016]]
[[Horror film score|Music]] is a key element of horror films. In his book ''Music in the Horror Film'' (2010), Lerner writes that "music in horror film frequently makes us feel threatened and uncomfortable" and intends to intensify the atmosphere created by imagery and themes. Music helps to set the tense or chilling mood that horror movies often aim to achieve; it can even cause physiological effects that override learned reactions and behaviors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Donnelly |first=K. J. (Kevin J. ) |url=https://archive.org/details/spectreofsoundmu0000donn_i6l0/mode/2up |title=The spectre of sound : music in film and television |date=2005 |publisher=BFI |isbn=978-1-84457-025-6 |location=London |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> [[Dissonance (music)|Dissonance]], [[atonality]] and experiments with [[timbre]] are typical techniques used by [[composer]]s in horror film music.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lerner |first=Neil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VyOAgAAQBAJ&dq=horror+film+music&pg=PP1 |title=Music in the Horror Film: Listening to Fear |date=2009-12-16 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-28044-4 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Themes ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| width = 150
| total_width = 400
| image1 = Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus (Revised Edition, 1831) Creature.jpg
| image2 = Apocalypse-Albert Goodwin.jpg
| image3 = Kitab al-Bulhan -- devil.jpg
| caption1 = [[Frankenstein's monster]]
| caption2 = ''Apocalypse'' by [[Albert Goodwin (artist)|Albert Goodwin]]
| caption3 = A [[demon]] in the [[Book of Wonders]]
| caption_align = center
| link1 = Frankenstein's monster
| link2 = Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
| link3 = Demon
| footer = Charles Derry proposed that the three key components of horror are personality, Armageddon and the demonic.
| footer_align = center
}}

In his book ''Dark Dreams'', author Charles Derry conceived horror films as focusing on three broad [[Theme (narrative)|themes]]: the horror of [[personality]], the horror of [[Armageddon]], and the horror of the [[demon]]ic.{{sfn |Prawer |1989 |p=16}} First, the horror of personality derives from [[Monster movie|monsters]] being at the centre of the plot, such as [[Frankenstein's monster]], whose psychology makes them perform horrific acts including [[rape]]s, [[mutilation]]s, and [[wikt:sadistic|sadistic]] killings.{{sfn |Prawer |1989 |p=16}} Other key works with this theme include [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]],'' which feature psychotic murderers without monster make-up.{{sfn |Prawer |1989 |p=16}} Second, the Armageddon theme explores the fear of [[Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction|large-scale destruction]], which includes [[List of science fiction horror films|science fiction works]] but also [[List of natural horror films|natural events]], such as Hitchcock's ''[[The Birds (film)|The Birds]]'' (1963).{{sfn |Prawer |1989 |p=16}} Finally, the theme of the demonic features graphic accounts of [[Satanic film|satanic rites]], [[witchcraft]], and [[exorcism]]s outside traditional forms of worship, as seen in films such as ''[[The Exorcist]]'' (1973) and ''[[The Omen]]'' (1976).{{sfn |Prawer |1989 |p=17}}

Some critics have suggested that horror films can be vessels for exploring contemporary cultural, political and social trends. Jeanne Hall, a film theorist, supports the use of horror films to ease the process of understanding issues by making use of their visual elements.<ref name="Lizardi">{{cite journal |last1=Lizardi |first1=Ryan |date=31 August 2010 |title='Re-Imagining' Hegemony and Misogyny in the Contemporary Slasher Remake |journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=113–121 |doi=10.1080/01956051003623464 |s2cid=191466131}}</ref> The use of horror films can help audiences to understand prior historical events, for example, the [[Vietnam War]], the [[Holocaust]], the worldwide [[AIDS epidemic]]<ref name="History Horror">{{cite book |last=Heller-Nicholas |first=Alexandra |title=History and Horror |publisher=Screen Education}}</ref> or [[post-9/11]] pessimism.{{sfn |Aston |Walliss |2013 |p=4}}

Anxieties surrounding race and racism have historically and continuously informed the horror genre.<ref name="Kuhn-2012" /> A good example is the history of the [[zombie apocalypse]] subgenre. The first [[zombie]] horror films, such as ''[[White Zombie (film)|White Zombie]]'' (1932), were inspired by stories brought back to Europe by colonizers, and these stories explicitly presented [[Afro-Haitians|Afro-Haitian]] religious and spiritual practices as evil and perverse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McAlister |first=Elizabeth |title=Zombie theory: a reader |date=2017 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-5179-0091-5 |editor-last=Lauro |editor-first=Sarah Juliet |location=Minneapolis |chapter=Slaves, Cannibals, and infected Hyper-Whites: The Race and Religion of Zombies}}</ref> The film which later revived the subgenre, ''[[Night of the Living Dead]]'' (1968), incidentally presented themes surrounding race in America by casting [[Duane Jones]], a Black actor, as the lead.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Means Coleman |first=Robin R. |title=Horror Noire: A History of Black American Horror from the 1890s to Present |date=2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-367-76719-8 |location=Oxford}}</ref> Whether accidentally or actively, horror films demonstrate societal issues by who or what is chosen to incite fear, and how this choice is represented visually and narratively.

== History ==
{{Excerpt|History of horror films|templates=no}}In discussing narrative trends in horror, scholar Isabel Pinedo draws on the book ''Monsters and Mad Scientists: A Cultural History of the Horror Movie'' (1989) to map the development of the Anglo-American horror genre. She points out that early synchronized sound, as well as post-war period films, present threats to social order as external, while human agency (largely male) prevails. The focus is on the monster's acts of violence and the characters' failed attempts at resistance, ending with male experts using violence or knowledge to defeat the monster and restore social order.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Pinedo |first=Isabel Cristina |title=Recreational terror: women and the pleasures of horror film viewing |date=1997 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3441-3 |series=SUNY series, interruptions--border testimony(ies) and critical discourse/s |location=Albany, N.Y}}</ref>{{sfn |Tudor |1991}}

Pinedo presents the category of postmodern horror. She summarizes the narrative structure as indicating the prevalence of internal threats to social order by using a combination of monstrous violence and ineffectual human resistance with open endings. These open endings may be as follows: the monster triumphs as in ''[[Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer]]'' (1990); the monster is defeated but only temporarily as in ''[[Halloween (1978 film)|Halloween]]'' (1978); or there is an ambiguous outcome as in ''[[Night of the Living Dead]]'' (1968), ''[[The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|The Texas Chainsaw Massacre]]'' (1974), ''[[The Thing (1982 film)|The Thing]]'' (1982), and ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street|Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' (1984).<ref name=":0" />{{Horrorfilmlist}}

==Sub-genres of horror film==
Horror is a malleable genre, and it can often be altered to accommodate other genres such as [[Science fiction film|science fiction]], which makes some films difficult to categorize.{{sfn |Odell |Le Blanc |2007 |p=15}}

===Lovecraftian horror===
{{main|Lovecraftian horror}}
Named after American author [[H. P. Lovecraft]] (1890–1937), this sub-genre of horror films include themes of [[Existential dread|cosmic dread]], forbidden and dangerous knowledge, madness, non-human influences on humanity, religion and superstition, fate and inevitability, and the risks associated with scientific discoveries.

===Body horror===
{{main|Body horror}}
A genre that emerged in the 1970s, body horror films focus on the process of a bodily transformation. In these films, the body is either engulfed by some larger process or heading towards fragmentation and collapse.{{sfn |Jancovich |1994 |p=26}}{{sfn |Jancovich |1992 |p=112}} The focus can be on apocalyptic implication of an entire society being overtaken, but the focus is generally upon an individual and their sense of identity, primarily them watching their own body change.{{sfn |Jancovich |1994 |p=26}} The earliest appearance of the sub-genre was the work of director [[David Cronenberg]], specifically with early films like ''[[Shivers (1975 film)|Shivers]]'' (1975).{{sfn |Jancovich |1994 |p=26}}{{sfn |Jancovich |1992 |p=112}} Mark Jancovich of the University of Manchester declared that the transformation scenes in the genre provoke fear and repulsion, but also pleasure and excitement such as in ''[[The Thing (1982 film)|The Thing]]'' (1982) and ''[[The Fly (1986 film)|The Fly]]'' (1986).{{sfn |Jancovich |1992 |p=115}}

=== Christmas horror ===
{{Main|Christmas horror}}
[[Christmas horror]] is a film subgenre that emerged in the 1970s with films such as ''[[Whoever Slew Auntie Roo?]]'' (1971) and ''[[Silent Night, Bloody Night]]'' (1972),{{sfn |Newby |2018}} which were soon followed by the influential ''[[Black Christmas (1974 film)|Black Christmas]]'' (1974).{{sfn |Newby |2018}}{{sfn |Ulaby |2015}} Defining the Christmas horror genre has been described as challenging,{{sfn |DuPée |2022 |p=6}} as it has generally been regarded as a sub-genre of the [[slasher film]].{{sfn |DuPée |2022 |p=5}}{{sfn |Rockoff |2003 |p=30}} Adam Rockoff, in ''[[Rue Morgue (magazine)|Rue Morgue]]'', noted that the sub-genre sits within a trend of holiday-themed slasher films, alongside films such as ''[[My Bloody Valentine (film)|My Bloody Valentine]]'' (1981) and ''[[April Fool's Day (1986 film)|April Fool's Day]]'' (1986).{{sfn |Rockoff |2003 |p=30}} Others take a broader view that Christmas horror is not limited to the slasher genre,{{sfn |DuPée |2022 |p=5}} noting how it evolved from the English Christmas tradition of telling ghost stories.{{sfn |Newby |2018}} Christmas in literature has historically included elements of "darkness"—fright, misery, death and decay—tracing its literary antecedents as far back as the biblical account of the [[Massacre of the Innocents]] and more recently in works such as E. T. A. Hoffmann's "[[The Nutcracker and the Mouse King]]" (1816) and Charles Dickens' ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' (1843).{{sfn |Newby |2018}}{{sfn |Ulaby |2015}} Although ghosts have largely been replaced by serial killers, Christmas horror creates an outlet through which to explore "a modern reinvention of the Christmas ghost story".{{sfn |Newby |2018}}

=== Erotic horror ===
{{main|Erotic horror}}
[[Erotic horror]] is a subgenre of horror fiction that blends sensual and sexual imagery with horrific themes for the sake of [[sexual arousal]]. Erotic horror has had influences on French<ref name="www.kinoeye.org">{{Cite web |title=Kinoeye {{!}} French horror: Jean Rollin - an introduction |url=https://www.kinoeye.org/~kinoeyeo/02/07/kalat07.php |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.kinoeye.org}}</ref> and American horror cinema. The [[Jean Rollin filmography|works]] of [[Jean Rollin]], such as ''[[Le Viol du Vampire]]'' and ''[[Fascination (1979 film)|Fascination]]'', are considered quintessential erotic horror films, blending deeply sexual imagery with gore.<ref name="www.kinoeye.org" /> American cinema has also featured notable erotic horror film franchises, such as ''[[Candyman (film series)|Candyman]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hobbs |first=Thomas |date=2021-10-31 |title='A living mirror to white brutality': Tony Todd on Candyman's violent (and erotic) horror |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/living-mirror-white-brutality-tony-todd-candymans-violent-erotic/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> An example of a British erotic horror film series is ''[[Hellraiser (franchise)|Hellraiser]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-01 |title=The sexual undertones of Clive Barker's 'Hellraiser' |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/sexual-undertones-of-clive-barkers-hellraiser/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=faroutmagazine.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[Alien (franchise)|Alien]]'' features heavy erotic imagery, with the design of the [[Xenomorph]] by [[H. R. Giger]] featuring both [[Phallus|phallic]] and vaginal imagery, intended to symbolize patriarchal guilt<ref>{{Cite web |last=Topel |first=Fred |date=2019-01-29 |title=What 'Memory: The Origins of Alien' Reveals About the Sexual Metaphors in the 1979 Film [Interview] |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/interviews/3543552/sundance-alien-documentary-reveals-sexual-metaphors-film-exclusive/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Bloody Disgusting! |language=en-US}}</ref> as well as sex, rape, and pregnancy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-19 |title=What's the Meaning Behind the Sexual Imagery in "Alien"? {{!}} Watch {{!}} The Take |url=https://the-take.com/watch/whats-the-meaning-behind-the-sexual-imagery-in-alien |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=What's the Meaning Behind the Sexual Imagery in "Alien"? {{!}} Watch {{!}} The Take |language=en}}</ref>

=== Extreme Horror ===
[[Extreme cinema|Extreme horror]] is a subgenre of horror that emerged from early twentieth century theater through shocking performances from Paris, France's [[Grand Guignol|Théâtre du Grand‑Guignol.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dissections Horror E-Zine |url=https://www.simegen.com/writers/dissections/Dissections%202019/Dissections_page_13.html |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=www.simegen.com}}</ref> The transition from theater to cinema allowed transgressive acts of uncensored sex, torture, mutilation, and [[taboo]] exploitation to reach a wider audience. Notably, the 1970s herald in extreme horror that is frequently cited as the beginning of the film subgenre including ''[[The Last House on the Left|Last House on the Left]]'' (1972), ''[[Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom]]'' (1975)'','' and ''[[I Spit on Your Grave]]'' (1978)''.'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dissections Horror E-Zine |url=https://www.simegen.com/writers/dissections/Dissections%202019/Dissections_page_13.html |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=www.simegen.com}}</ref> Extreme horror film series, such as ''[[Saw (franchise)|Saw]]'' (2004) and [[Hostel (film series)|''Hostel'']] (2005), have reached mainstream media with character(s) appearances in video games namely ''[[Dead by Daylight]]'' and the subject of musical lyrics for the band [[Ice Nine Kills]].

=== Folk horror ===
{{Main|Folk horror}}
[[Folk horror]] uses elements of [[folklore]] or other [[Religion|religious]] and cultural beliefs to instill fear in audiences. Folk horror films have featured [[Rural area|rural settings]] and themes of isolation, religion and nature.<ref name="Hurley-2019">{{Cite news |last=Hurley |first=Andrew Michael |date=2019-10-28 |title=Devils and debauchery: why we love to be scared by folk horror |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/28/devils-and-debauchery-why-we-love-to-be-scared-by-folk-horror |access-date=2020-02-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="Murphy">{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Bernice M. |title=Beyond Midsommar: 'folk horror' in popular fiction |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/beyond-midsommar-folk-horror-in-popular-fiction-1.3963971 |access-date=2019-11-12 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> Frequently cited examples are ''[[Witchfinder General (film)|Witchfinder General]]'' (1968), ''[[The Blood on Satan's Claw]]'' (1971), ''[[The Wicker Man]]'' (1973), [[The Witch (2015 film)|''The Witch'']] (2015), and ''[[Midsommar (film)|Midsommar]]'' (2019).<ref name="Hurley-2019" /><ref name="Murphy" /> Local folklore and beliefs have been noted as being prevalent in horror films from the [[Southeast Asian cinema|Southeast Asia]] region, including [[Thai horror|Thailand]] and [[Indonesian horror|Indonesia]].<ref name="Ferrarese">{{Cite web |last=Ferrarese |first=Marco |title='New kinds of monsters': The rise of Southeast Asian horror films |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/2/zombie-films-breathe-new-life-into-malaysian-and-indonesia-horror |access-date=2022-01-19 |publisher=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rithdee |first=Kong |date=5 November 2021 |title=Into the devil's lair |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/2210099/into-the-devils-lair |access-date=2022-01-19 |work=Bangkok Post}}</ref>

===Found footage horror===

The [[Found footage (film technique)|found footage horror]] film "technique" gives the audience a [[First-person narrative|first person view]] of the events on screen, and presents the footage as being discovered after. Horror films which are framed as being made up of "found-footage" merge the experiences of the audience and characters, which may induce suspense, shock, and bafflement.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McRobert |first1=Neil |date=November 2015 |title=Mimesis of Media: Found Footage Cinema and the Horror of the Real |journal=Gothic Studies |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=137–150 |doi=10.7227/GS.17.2.9}}</ref> [[Alexandra Heller-Nicholas]] noted that the popularity of sites like [[YouTube]] in 2006 sparked a taste for amateur media, leading to the production of further films in the found footage horror genre later in the 2000s including the particularly financially successful ''[[Paranormal Activity]]'' (2007).{{sfn |Heller-Nicholas |2014 |p=4}}

===Gothic horror===
{{main|Gothic film}}
In their book ''Gothic film'', Richard J. McRoy and Richard J. Hand stated that "Gothic" can be argued as a very loose subgenre of horror, but argued that "Gothic" as a whole was a style like ''[[film noir]]'' and not bound to certain cinematic elements like the [[Western (genre) film|Western]] or [[science fiction film]].{{sfn |Hand |McRoy |2020 |p=3}} The term "gothic" is frequently used to describe a stylized approach to showcasing location, desire, and action in film. Contemporary views of the genre associate it with imagery of castles at hilltops and labyrinth like ancestral mansions that are in various states of disrepair.{{sfn |Hand |McRoy |2020 |p=1}} Narratives in these films often focus on an audience's fear and attraction to social change and rebellion.{{sfn |Hand |McRoy |2020 |p=2}} The genre can be applied to films as early as ''The Haunted Castle'' (1896), ''Frankenstein'' (1910) as well as to more complex iterations such as [[Park Chan-wook]]'s ''[[Stoker (film)|Stoker]]'' (2013) and [[Jordan Peele]]'s ''[[Get Out (film)|Get Out]]'' (2017).{{sfn |Hand |McRoy |2020 |p=3}}

The gothic style is applied to several films throughout the history of the horror film. This includes [[Universal Classic Monsters|Universal Pictures' horror films]] of the 1930s, the revival of gothic horror in the 1950s and 1960s with films from Hammer, [[Roger Corman]]'s Poe-cycle, and several Italian productions.{{sfn |Hand |McRoy |2020 |p=5-6}} By the 1970s American and British productions often had vampire films set in a contemporary setting, such as Hammer Films had their ''Dracula'' stories set in a modern setting and made other horror material which pushed the erotic content of their vampire films that was initiated by ''Black Sunday''.{{sfn |Muir |2012 |p=10}}{{sfn |Muir |2012 |p=11}}{{sfn |Curti |2015 |p=38}} In the 1980s, the older horror characters of Dracula and Frankenstein's monster rarely appeared, with vampire themed films continued often in the tradition of authors like [[Anne Rice]] where vampirism becomes a lifestyle choice rather than plague or curse.{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=220}} Following the release of [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s ''[[Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992 film)|Bram Stoker's Dracula]]'' (1992), a small wave of high-budgeted gothic horror romance films were released in the 1990s.{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=272}}

===Natural horror===
{{see also|List of natural horror films}}
Also described as "eco-horror", the [[natural horror film]] is a subgenre "featuring nature running amok in the form of mutated beasts, carnivorous insects, and normally harmless animals or plants turned into cold-blooded killers."<ref>{{cite web |title=Natural Horror Top rated Most Viewed – AllMovie |url=http://www.allrovi.com/movies/subgenre/natural-horror-d584 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207022414/http://www.allrovi.com/movies/subgenre/natural-horror-d584 |archive-date=7 February 2012 |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Allrovi.com}}</ref>{{sfn |Gregersdotter |Hoglund |Hallen |2015 |p=32}} In 1963, [[Alfred Hitchcock]] defined a new genre nature taking revenge on humanity with ''[[The Birds (1963 film)|The Birds]]'' (1963) that was expanded into a trend into the 1970s. Following the success of ''[[Willard (1971 film)|Willard]]'' (1971), a film about killer rats, 1972 had similar films with ''[[Stanley (1972 film)|Stanley]]'' (1972) and an official sequel ''[[Ben (1972 film)|Ben]]'' (1972).{{sfn |Muir |2012 |p=17}} Other films followed in suit such as ''[[Night of the Lepus]]'' (1972), ''[[Frogs (film)|Frogs]]'' (1972), ''[[Bug (1975 film)|Bug]]'' (1975), ''[[Squirm]]'' (1976) and what Muir described as the "turning point" in the genre with ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'' (1975), which became the highest-grossing film at that point and moved the animal attacks genres "towards a less-fantastic route" with less giant animals and more real-life creatures such as ''[[Grizzly (1976 film)|Grizzly]]'' (1976) and ''[[Night Creature]]'' (1977), ''[[Orca (1977 film)|Orca]]'' (1977), and ''[[Jaws 2]]'' (1978).{{sfn |Muir |2012 |p=17}}{{sfn |Muir |2012 |p=19}}{{sfn |Muir |2012 |p=20}} The film is linked with the environmental movements that became more mainstream in the 1970s and early 1980s such [[vegetarianism]], [[animal rights movement]]s, and organizations such as [[Greenpeace]].{{sfn |Gregersdotter |Hoglund |Hallen |2015 |p=31}} Following ''Jaws'', sharks became the most popular animal of the genre, ranging from similar such as ''[[Mako: The Jaws of Death]]'' (1976) and ''[[Great White (1981 film)|Great White]]'' (1981) to the ''[[Sharknado (film series)|Sharknado]]'' film series.{{sfn |Gregersdotter |Hoglund |Hallen |2015 |p=31}} [[James Marriott (author)|James Marriott]] found that the genre had "lost momentum" since the 1970s while the films would still be made towards the turn of the millennium.{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=187}}

=== Psychological horror ===
{{Main|Psychological horror films}}

Bill Gibron of [[PopMatters]] declared a mixed definition of the psychological horror film, ranging from definitions of anything that created a sense of disquiet or apprehension to a film where an audience's mind makes up what was not directly displayed visually. Gibron concluded it as a "clouded gray area between all out splatter and a trip through a cinematic dark ride."{{sfn |Gibron |2013}}

=== Religious horror ===
{{Main|Religious horror}}
Religious horror is a subgenre of horror film whose common themes are based on religion and focus heavily on supernatural beings, often with [[demon]]s as the main antagonists that bring a sense of threat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=From 'The Exorcist' to 'Saint Maud': 8 of The Best Religious Horror Movies |url=https://collider.com/from-the-exorcist-to-saint-maud-best-religious-horror-movies/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Collider |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2023 |title=Two New Religious Horror Films Showdown Over Demonic Possession |url=https://religionunplugged.com/news/2023/4/17/this-weekend-two-new-religious-horror-films-showdown-over-demonic-possession?format=amp |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=religionunplugged.com}}</ref> Such films commonly use religious elements, including the crucifix or cross, holy water, the Bible, the rosary, the sign of the cross, the church, and prayer, which are forms of religious symbols and rituals used to depict the use of faith to defeat evil.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hong |first=Seung Min |date=June 2010 |title=Redemptive Fear: A Review of Sacred Terror and Further Analyses of Religious Horror Films |url=https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/jrpc.22.2.006 |journal=The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture |language=en |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=6 |doi=10.3138/jrpc.22.2.006 |issn=1703-289X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== Slasher film ===
{{Main|Slasher film}}
The [[slasher film]] is a horror subgenre which involves a killer murdering a group of people (often teenagers), usually by use of bladed tools.<ref name=":0p">{{cite book |title=Style and form in the Hollywood slasher film |date=2015 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9781137496478 |editor=Clayton, Wickham |location=Basingstoke |oclc=927961472}}</ref> In his book on the genre, author Adam Rockoff wrote that these villains represented a "rogue genre" of films that are "tough, problematic, and fiercely individualistic."{{sfn |Muir |2007 |p=17}} Following the financial success of ''[[Friday the 13th (1980 film)|Friday the 13th]]'' (1980), at least 20 other slasher films appeared in 1980 alone.{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=218}} These films usually revolved around three properties: unique social settings (campgrounds, schools, holidays) and a crime from the past committed (an accidental drowning, infidelity, a scorned lover) and a ready made group of victims (camp counselors, students, wedding parties).{{sfn |Muir |2007 |p=21}} The genre was derided by several contemporary film critics of the era such as Ebert, and often were highly profitable in the box office.{{sfn |Muir |2007 |p=18-19}} The release of ''[[Scream (1996 film)|Scream]]'' (1996), led to a brief revival of the slasher films for the 1990s.{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=274}} Other countries imitated the American slasher film revival, such as South Korea's early 2000s cycle with ''[[Bloody Beach]]'' (2000), ''[[Nightmare (2000 film)|Nightmare]]'' (2000) and ''[[The Record (film)|The Record]]'' (2000).{{sfn |Chung |2013 |p=87}}

===Splatter film===
{{Main|Splatter film}}
[[Splatter film|Splatter]] is a subgenre that depends on [[violence]] and [[Graphic violence#Gore|gore]] to display and accentuate a fascination with the theatricality of [[mutilation]] and the vulnerability of the human body.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hesseldenz |first=Peter |title=Research Guides: Horror Film: Splatter Film |url=https://libguides.uky.edu/horrorfilms/splatter |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=libguides.uky.edu |language=en}}</ref>

===Supernatural horror===
{{Main|Supernatural horror film}}
[[Supernatural horror film]]s, sometimes referred to as [[paranormal]] horror films, integrate [[Supernatural fiction|supernatural elements]], such as the [[afterlife]], [[spirit possession]] and religion into the horror genre.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-03-26 |title=Supernatural |url=https://thescriptlab.com/screenplay/genre/992-supernatural/ |access-date=2021-12-19 |website=The Script Lab |language=en-US}}</ref> Since they often focus on undead or non-physical beings, they may create unease in viewers without a visible presence on screen. This may include characters feeling a touch or chill in the air, furniture moving on its own, mysterious sounds, or lights flickering with no apparent cause. Prominent supernatural horror films include ''[[Paranormal Activity]]'' and ''[[The Conjuring]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arnaud |first=Jourdan |date=2021-10-18 |title=Subgenres of Horror Films Explained |url=https://www.lafilm.edu/blog/subgenres-of-horror-films-explained/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=The Los Angeles Film School |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Suburban gothic ===
{{Main|Suburban Gothic}}
Suburban gothic is a subgenre of [[Gothic fiction]], art, film and television, focused on anxieties associated with the creation of [[suburb|suburban communities]], particularly in the United States and the [[Western world]], from the 1950s and 1960s onwards.

This genre often explores themes of paranoia, conformity, and hidden dangers. Suburban horror films include ''[[Halloween (1978 film)|Halloween]]'' (1978), ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street]]'' (1984), and ''[[The Stepford Wives (1975 film)|The Stepford Wives]]'' (1975), all of which use the suburban setting to heighten the tension and fear.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subgenre deep dive: Suburban Horror |url=https://britishfantasysociety.org/subgenre-deep-dive-suburban-horror/ |website=The British Fantasy Society |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Janelle |date=February 17, 2024 |title=10 Best Suburban Horror Movies, Ranked |url=https://collider.com/suburban-horror-movies-ranked/ |website=Collider |language=en}}</ref>{{better source|date=May 2025|reason=Per [[BP:RSP/VALNET]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2024 |title=The First Big Thriller of 2024 Reveals the Power of an Overlooked Genre |url=https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/best-suburban-horror-movies |website=Inverse |language=en}}</ref>

=== Teen horror ===
[[Teen horror]] is a horror subgenre that victimizes teenagers while usually promoting strong, [[Anticonformity (psychology)|anti-conformity]] teenage leads, appealing to young generations. This subgenre often depicts themes of sex, under-aged drinking, and gore.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=Cynthia J. |last2=Bowdoin Van Riper |first2=A. |date=2015 |title=Marketing, Monsters, and Music: Teensploitation Horror Films |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/112063413/jacc.1230320240304-1-h52eri.pdf |journal=The Journal of American Culture |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=130–141 |doi=10.1111/jacc.12303 |issn=1542-7331}}</ref> Horror films aimed a young audience featuring teenage monsters grew popular in the 1950s with several productions from [[American International Pictures]] (AIP) and productions of [[Herman Cohen]] with ''[[I Was a Teenage Werewolf]]'' (1957) and ''[[I Was a Teenage Frankenstein]]'' (1957).{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=70}} This led to later productions like ''[[Daughter of Dr. Jekyll]]'' (1957) and ''[[Frankenstein's Daughter]]'' (1958).{{sfn |Marriott |Newman |2018 |p=70}} Teen horror cycle in the 1980s often showcased explicit gore and nudity, with John Kenneth Muir described as cautionary conservative tales where most of the films stated if you partook in such vices such as drugs or sex, your punishment of death would be handed out.{{sfn |West |2018 |p=4}}
Prior to ''Scream'', there were no popular teen horror films in the early 1990s.{{sfn |Shary |2005 |p=99}} After the financial success of ''Scream'', teen horror films became increasingly reflexive and self-aware until the end of the 1990s with films like ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]'' (1997) and non-slasher ''[[The Faculty]]'' (1998).{{sfn |Shary |2005 |p=102}}{{sfn |Shary |2005 |p=99}} The genre lost prominence as teen films dealt with threats with more realism in films like ''[[Donnie Darko]]'' (2001) and ''[[Crazy/Beautiful]]'' (2001).{{sfn |Shary |2005 |p=103}} In her book on the 1990s teen horror cycle, Alexandra West described the general trend of these films is often looked down upon by critics, journals, and fans as being too glossy, trendy, and sleek to be considered worthwhile horror films.{{sfn |West |2018 |pp=3–4}}

== Regional horror films ==
===Asian horror films===
{{main|Horror films of Asia}}
Horror films in [[Cinema of Asia|Asia]] have been noted as being inspired by national, cultural or religious [[folklore]], particularly beliefs in [[ghost]]s or spirits.<ref name="Ferrarese" /><ref name="Richards-2010">{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=Andy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbiDAAAAQBAJ |title=Asian Horror |date=2010-10-21 |publisher=Oldcastle Books |isbn=978-1-84243-408-6 |language=en}}</ref> In ''Asian Horror'', Andy Richards writes that there is a "widespread and engrained acceptance of [[supernatural]] forces" in many Asian cultures, and suggests this is related to [[Animism|animist]], [[Pantheism|pantheist]] and [[Karma|karmic]] religious traditions, as in [[Buddhism]] and [[Shintoism]].<ref name="Richards-2010" /> Although [[Chinese horror film|Chinese]], [[Japanese horror|Japanese]], [[Thai horror|Thai]] and [[Korean horror|Korean]] horror has arguably received the most international attention,<ref name="Richards-2010" /> horror also makes up a considerable proportion of [[Horror films of Cambodia|Cambodian]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chronister |first=Kay |author-link=Kay Chronister |date=2020-03-01 |title='My Mother, the Ap': Cambodian Horror Cinema and the Gothic Transformation of a Folkloric Monster |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/gothic.2020.0040 |journal=Gothic Studies |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=98–113 |doi=10.3366/gothic.2020.0040 |issn=1362-7937 |s2cid=216404862 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> and [[Malaysian cinema|Malaysian]] cinema.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ainslie |first=Mary J. |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/10.1057/978-1-137-58417-5_9 |title=Transnational Horror Cinema: Bodies of Excess and the Global Grotesque |date=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-58416-8 |editor-last1=Siddique |editor-first1=Sophia |publication-place=London |pages=179–203 |chapter=Towards a Southeast Asian Model of Horror: Thai Horror Cinema in Malaysia, Urbanization, and Cultural Proximity |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-58417-5_9 |editor2-last=Raphael |editor2-first=Raphael}}</ref>

===European horror films===
{{main|Horror films of Europe}}
Ian Olney described the horror films of [[Cinema of Europe|Europe]] were often more erotic and "just plain stranger" than their British and American counter-parts.{{sfn |Olney |2013 |p=xi}} European horror films (generally referred to as Euro Horror){{sfn |Wynter |2016 |p=44}} draw from distinctly European cultural sources, including [[surrealism]], [[romanticism]], [[Decadent movement|decadent tradition]], early 20th century [[Pulp magazine|pulp-literature]], [[film serials]], and [[erotic comics]].{{sfn |Olney |2013 |p=6}} In comparison to the narrative logic in American genre films, these films focused on imagery, excessiveness, and the irrational.{{sfn |Olney |2013 |p=7}}

Between the mid-1950s and the mid-1980s, European horror films emerged from countries like Italy, Spain and France, and were shown in the United States predominantly at drive-in theatre and [[grindhouse]] theaters.{{sfn |Olney |2013 |p=xi}} As producers and distributors all over the world were interested in horror films, regardless of their origin, changes started occurring in European low-budget filmmaking that allowed for productions in the 1960s and 1970s for horror films from Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Spain, as well as co-productions between these countries.{{sfn |Lazaro-Reboll |2012 |p=11-12}} Several productions, such as those in Italy, were co-productions due to the lack of international stars within the country.{{sfn |Heffernan |2004 |p=141}} European horror films began developing strong [[cult following]] since the late 1990s.{{sfn |Olney |2013 |p=xi}}

===Oceania===
==== Australia ====
It is unknown when [[Cinema of Australia|Australia's cinema]] first horror title may have been, with thoughts ranging from ''[[The Strangler's Grip]]'' (1912) to ''[[The Face at the Window (1919 film)|The Face at the Window]]'' (1919) while stories featuring ghosts would appear in ''[[The Guyra Ghost Mystery|Guyra Ghost Mystery]]'' (1921).{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=9}} By 1913, the more prolific era of Australian cinema ended with production not returning with heavy input of government finance in the 1970s.{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=5-6}} It took until the 1970s for Australia to develop sound film with television films that eventually received theatrical release with ''[[Dead Easy (1970 film)|Dead Easy]]'' (1970) and ''[[Night of Fear (film)|Night of Fear]]'' (1973). ''[[The Cars That Ate Paris]]'' (1974) was the first Australian horror production made for theatrical release.{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=9}} 1970s Australian art cinema was funded by state film corporations, who considered them more culturally acceptable than local exploitation films ([[Ozploitation]]), which was part of the Australian phenomenon called the [[cultural cringe]].{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=10}} The greater success of genre films like ''[[Mad Max (film)|Mad Max]]'' (1979), ''[[The Last Wave]]'' (1977) and ''[[Patrick (1978 film)|Patrick]]'' (1978) led to the [[Australian Film Commission]] to change its focus to being a more commercial operation. This closed in 1980 as its funding was abused by investors using them as tax avoiding measures. A new development known as the [[Film and television financing in Australia|10BA tax shelter scheme]] was developed ushering a slew of productions, leading to what Peter Shelley, author of ''Australian Horror Films'', suggested meant "making a profit was more important than making a good film."{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=10}} Shelley called these films derivative of "American films and presenting generic American material".{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=10}} These films included the horror film productions of [[Antony I. Ginnane]].{{sfn |Odell |Le Blanc |2007 |p=192}} While Australia would have success with international films between the mid-1980s and the 2000s, less than five horror films were produced in the country between 1993 and 2000.{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=12}}{{sfn |Withers |2016}} It was only after the success of ''[[Wolf Creek (film)|Wolf Creek]]'' (2005) that a new generation of filmmakers would continuously make horror genre films in Australia that continued into the 2010s.{{sfn |Shelley |2012 |p=12}}{{sfn |Withers |2016}}

==== New Zealand ====
By 2005, [[Cinema of New Zealand|New Zealand]] has produced around 190 feature films, with about 88% of them being made after 1976.{{sfn |Conrich |2005 |p=115}} New Zealand horror film history was described by Philip Matthews of [[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] as making "po-faced gothic and now we do horror for laughs."{{sfn |Matthews |2017}} Among the earliest known New Zealand horror films productions are ''[[Strange Behavior]]'' (1981), a co-production with Australia and ''[[Death Warmed Up]]'' (1984) a single production.{{sfn |Conrich |2005 |p=117}} Early features such as [[Melanie Read]]'s ''[[Trial Run (1984 film)|Trial Run]]'' (1984) where a mother is sent to remote cottage to photograph penguins and finds it habitat to haunted spirits, and Gaylene Preston's ''[[Mr. Wrong (1984 film)|Mr. Wrong]]'' (1984) purchases a car that is haunted by its previous owner.{{sfn |Conrich |2005 |p=116}} Other films imitate American slasher and splatter films with ''[[Bridge to Nowhere (film)|Bridge to Nowhere]]'' (1986), and the early films of [[Peter Jackson]] who combined splatter films with comedy with ''[[Bad Taste]]'' (1988) and ''[[Braindead (film)|Braindead]]'' (1992) which has the largest following of the mentioned films.{{sfn |Conrich |2005 |p=117}} Film producer [[Ant Timpson]] had an influence curating New Zealand horror films, creating the Incredibly Strange Film Festival in the 1990s and producing his own horror films over the 2010s including ''[[The ABCs of Death]]'' (2012), ''[[Deathgasm]]'' (2015), and ''[[Housebound (2014 film)|Housebound]]'' (2014).{{sfn |Matthews |2017}} Timpson noted the latter horror entries from New Zealand are all humorous films like ''[[What We Do in the Shadows]]'' (2014) with [[Jonathan King (film director)|Jonathan King]], director of ''[[Black Sheep (2006 New Zealand film)|Black Sheep]]'' (2006) and ''[[The Tattooist]]'' (2007) stating "I'd love to see a genuinely scary New Zealand film but I don't know if New Zealand audiences – or the funding bodies – are keen."{{sfn |Matthews |2017}}

=== North America ===
==== Mexico ====
{{Main|Horror films of Mexico}}
After the 1931 release of an American-produced Spanish-language version of ''[[Dracula (1931 Spanish-language film)|Dracula]]'' by [[George Melford]] for the Latin-American market employing Mexican actors, Mexican horror films were produced throughout the 1930s and 1940s, often reflecting on the overarching theme of [[Relationship between religion and science|science vs. religion conflict]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Green |first=Doyle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niNzBgAAQBAJ |title=Mexploitation Cinema: A Critical History of Mexican Vampire, Wrestler, Ape-Man and similar films, 1957-1977 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company, Inc.]] |year=2005 |isbn=0-7864-2201-7}}</ref> Ushered by the release of ''[[El vampiro]]'', the Mexploitation horror film era started in 1957, with films characterised by their low production values and camp appeal, often featuring vampires, wrestlers, and Aztec mummies.{{Sfn |Green |2005 |pp=6-9}} A key figure in the Mexican horror scene (particularly in [[Germán Robles]]-starred vampire films) was producer [[Abel Salazar (actor)|Abel Salazar]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Flores |first=Silvana |year=2018 |title=Entre monstruos, leyendas ancestrales y luchadores populares: La inserción del Santo en el cine fantástico mexicano |url=https://revistas.uam.es/secuencias/article/view/secuencias2018.48.001/11722 |journal=Secuencias |location=Madrid |publisher=[[Autonomous University of Madrid|UAM Ediciones]] |page=17 |doi=10.15366/secuencias2018.48.001 |hdl=10486/690219 |issn=1134-6795 |s2cid=213113335 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The late 1960s saw the advent of the prominence of [[Carlos Enrique Taboada]] as an standout Mexican horror filmmaker, with films such as ''[[Hasta el viento tiene miedo]]'' (1967), ''[[El libro de piedra]]'' (1968), ''[[Más negro que la noche]]'' (1975) or ''[[Veneno para las hadas]]'' (1984).{{Sfn |García Ruiz |2019 |pp=41–42}} Mexican horror cinema has been noted for the mashup of classic gothic and romantic themes and characters with autochthonous features of the Mexican culture such as the [[Ranchería]] setting, the colonial past or the myth of [[La Llorona]] (shared with other Hispanic-American nations).<ref>{{Cite book |last=García Ruiz |first=Pedro Enrique |url=http://ru.atheneadigital.filos.unam.mx/jspui/bitstream/FFYL_UNAM/33/2/cinemexicanoyfilosofia.pdf |title=Cine mexicano y filosofía |publisher=[[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-607-30-2039-8 |location=Ciudad de México |page=40 |chapter=El cine de terror mexicano: más que romanticismo y gótico}}</ref>

Horror has proven to be a dependable genre at the Mexican box office in the 21st-century, with Mexico ranking as having the world's largest relative popularity of the genre among viewers (ahead of South Korea), according to a 2016 research.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gallón |first=Angélica |date=26 August 2022 |title=¿Qué dice de México que sea el primer país del mundo que más cine de terror consume? |url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2022-08-26/que-dice-de-mexico-que-sea-el-primer-pais-del-mundo-que-mas-cine-de-terror-consume.html |website=[[El País]]}}</ref>

==Effects on audiences==
=== Psychological effects ===

In a study done by Uri Hasson et al., brain waves were observed via [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (fMRI). This study used the inter-subject correlation analysis (ISC) method of determining results. It was shown that audience members tend to focus on certain facets in a particular scene simultaneously and tend to sit as still as possible while watching horror films.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hasson |first1=Uri |last2=Landesman |first2=Ohad |last3=Knappmeyer |first3=Barbara |last4=Vallines |first4=Ignacio |last5=Rubin |first5=Nava |last6=Heeger |first6=David J. |date=2008-06-01 |title=Neurocinematics: The Neuroscience of Film |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/projections/2/1/proj020102.xml |journal=Projections |language=en-US |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.3167/proj.2008.020102 |issn=1934-9696 |s2cid=5680951 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In another study done by John Greene and Glenn Sparks, it was found that the audience tends to experience the [[Excitation-transfer theory|excitation transfer process]] (ETP) which causes a physiological arousal in audience members. The ETP refers to the feelings experienced immediately after an emotion-arousing experience, such as watching a horror film. In this case, audience members' heart rate, blood pressure and respiration all increased while watching films with violence. Audience members with positive feedback regarding the horror film have feelings similar to happiness or joy felt with friends, but intensified. Alternatively, audience members with negative feedback regarding the film would typically feel emotions they would normally associate with negative experiences in their life.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=John O. |last2=Sparks |first2=Glenn G. |date=1983 |title=The role of outcome expectations in the experience of a state of communication apprehension |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01463378309369506 |journal=Communication Quarterly |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=212–219 |doi=10.1080/01463378309369506 |issn=0146-3373|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Only about 10% of the American population enjoy the physiological rush felt immediately after watching horror films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin-risepoint |date=2020-07-13 |title=The Psychology of Fear |url=https://online.csp.edu/resources/article/pyschology-of-fear/ |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=CSP Global |language=en-US}}</ref> The population that does not enjoy horror films could experience emotional fallout similar to that of [[Post-traumatic stress disorder|PTSD]] if the environment reminds them of particular scenes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Araújo |first1=Alexandre Xavier Gomes |last2=Luz |first2=Mariana Pires |last3=Berger |first3=William |last4=Pagotto |first4=Luiz Felipe |last5=Figueira |first5=Ivan |last6=Mendlowicz |first6=Mauro V. |date=2019 |title=Can horror movies induce PTSD-like syndrome? |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47142019000200360&tlng=en |journal=Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=360–375 |doi=10.1590/1415-4714.2019v22n2p360.11 |issn=1984-0381}}</ref>

A 2021 study suggested horror films that explore [[grief]] can provide psychological benefits to the bereaved, with the genre well suited to representing grief through its genre conventions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Millar |first1=Becky |last2=Lee |first2=Jonny |date=2021-07-01 |title=Horror Films and Grief |journal=Emotion Review |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=171–182 |doi=10.1177/17540739211022815 |issn=1754-0739 |s2cid=235779574 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Physical effects ===
In a study by Medes et al., prolonged exposure to [[infrasound]] and low-frequency noise (<500 Hz) in long durations has an effect on vocal range (i.e. longer exposure tends to form a lower phonation frequency range).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bonanca |first1=Iris |last2=Caetano |first2=Marlene |last3=Castelo Branco |first3=NunoA.A. |last4=Ferraria |first4=Renata |last5=Graca |first5=Andreia |last6=Jorge |first6=Ana |last7=Mendes |first7=Ana P |last8=Oliveira |first8=Nadia |last9=Santos |first9=Carolina |last10=Alves-Pereira |first10=Mariana |year=2014 |title=Voice acoustic profile of males exposed to occupational infrasound and low-frequency noise |journal=Journal of Laryngology and Voice |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=12 |doi=10.4103/2230-9748.141460 |hdl=10400.26/14507 |s2cid=53399379 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Another study by Baliatsas et al. observed that there is a correlation between exposure to infrasound and low-frequency noises and sleep-related problems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baliatsas |first1=Christos |last2=van Kamp |first2=Irene |last3=van Poll |first3=Ric |last4=Yzermans |first4=Joris |date=July 2016 |title=Health effects from low-frequency noise and infrasound in the general population: Is it time to listen? A systematic review of observational studies |url=https://www.nivel.nl/nl/publicaties/6138 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=557-558 |pages=163–169 |bibcode=2016ScTEn.557..163B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.065 |pmid=26994804}}</ref> Though most horror films keep the audio around 20–30 Hz, the noise can still be unsettling in long durations.<ref name="Ranker"/>

Another technique used in horror films to provoke a response from the audience is [[cognitive dissonance]], which is when someone experiences tension in themselves and is urged to relieve that tension.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dissonance theory |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Dissonance+theory |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> Dissonance is the clashing of unpleasant or harsh sounds.<ref>{{Citation |title=dissonance |work=The Free Dictionary |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/dissonance |access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref> A study by Prete et al. identified that the ability to recognize dissonance relied on the left hemisphere of the brain, while consonance relied on the right half.<ref name="Prete-2015">{{cite journal |last1=Prete |first1=Giulia |last2=Fabri |first2=Mara |last3=Foschi |first3=Nicoletta |last4=Brancucci |first4=Alfredo |last5=Tommasi |first5=Luca |date=4 May 2015 |title=The 'consonance effect' and the hemispheres: A study on a split-brain patient |journal=Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1080/1357650X.2014.959525 |pmid=25256169 |s2cid=31138548}}</ref> There is a stronger preference for consonance; this difference is noticeable even in early stages of life.<ref name="Prete-2015" /> Previous musical experience also can influence a dislike for dissonance.<ref name="Prete-2015" />

[[Skin conductance response]]s (SCRs), heart rate (HR), and [[Electromyography|electromyographic]] (EMG) responses vary in response to emotional stimuli, showing higher for [[negative emotion]]s in what is known as the "negative bias."<ref name="Dellacherie-2011">{{cite journal |last1=Dellacherie |first1=Delphine |last2=Roy |first2=Mathieu |last3=Hugueville |first3=Laurent |last4=Peretz |first4=Isabelle |last5=Samson |first5=Séverine |date=March 2011 |title=The effect of musical experience on emotional self-reports and psychophysiological responses to dissonance: Psychophysiology of musical emotion |journal=Psychophysiology |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=337–349 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01075.x |pmid=20701708}}</ref> When applied to dissonant music, HR decreases (as a bodily form of adaptation to harsh stimulation), SCR increases, and EMG responses in the face are higher.<ref name="Dellacherie-2011" /> The typical reactions go through a two-step process of first orienting to the problem (the slowing of HR), then a defensive process (a stronger increase in SCR and an increase in HR).<ref name="Dellacherie-2011" /> This initial response can sometimes result in a [[fight-or-flight response]], which is the characteristic of dissonance that horror films rely on to frighten and unsettle viewers.<ref name="Ranker" />

== Reception ==

=== In film criticism ===
{{See also|Vulgar auteurism}}
Critic [[Robin Wood (critic)|Robin Wood]] was not the first film critic to take the horror film seriously, but his article ''Return of the Repressed'' in 1978 helped inaugurate the horror film into academic study as a genre.{{sfn |Peirse |Martin |2013 |p=7}} Wood later stated that he was surprised that his work, as well as the writing of Richard Lippe and Andrew Britton would receive "historic importance" intellectual views of the film genre.{{sfn |Peirse |Martin |2013 |p=7}} William Paul in his book ''Laughing Screaming'' comments that "the negative definition of the lower works would have it that they are less subtle than higher genres. More positively, it could be said that they are more direct. Where lower forms are explicit, higher forms tend to operate more by indirection. Because of this indirection the higher forms are often regarded as being more metaphorical, and consequently more resonant, more open to the exegetical analyses of the academic industry."{{sfn |Paul |1994 |p=32}}

Steffen Hantke noted that academic criticism about horror cinema had "always operated under duress" noting that challenges in legitimizing its subject, finding "career-minded academics might have always suspected that they were studying something that was ultimately too frivolous, garish, and sensationalistic to warrant serious critical attention".{{sfn |Hantke |2007}}

Some commentary has suggested that horror films have been underrepresented or underappreciated as serious works worthy of [[film criticism]] and major films awards.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barber |first=Nicholas |date=14 June 2018 |title=Is horror the most disrespected genre? |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180614-is-horror-the-most-disrespected-genre |access-date=2021-12-20 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=2020-10-02 |title=Horror and the Academy: 13 Times the Oscars Could Have Embraced the Genre |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/awards/academy-awards-horror-movies-the-exorcist-1234786184/ |access-date=2021-12-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2025, only seven horror films have been nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]], with [[The Silence of the Lambs (film)|''The Silence of the Lambs'']] being the sole winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-23 |title=Oscars 2025: Is the Academy finally taking horror seriously? |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/oscars-2025-academy-taking-horror-seriously/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=faroutmagazine.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> However, horror films have still won major awards.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=15 Horror Films That Won Major Awards |url=https://screenrant.com/horror-films-won-major-awards-get-out-rosemarys-baby/ |access-date=2021-12-20 |website=ScreenRant |language=en-US}}</ref>

Critics have also commented on the [[Gender in horror films|representation of women]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Linz |first1=Daniel G. |last2=Donnerstein |first2=Edward |author-link2=Edward Donnerstein |last3=Penrod |first3=Steven |year=1988 |title=Effects of long-term exposure to violent and sexually degrading depictions of women. |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.758 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |language=en |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=758–768 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.758 |issn=1939-1315 |pmid=3210143 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Clover |first=Carol J. |date=1987-10-01 |title=Her Body, Himself: Gender in the Slasher Film |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/representations/article/doi/10.2307/2928507/82266/Her-Body-Himself-Gender-in-the-Slasher-Film |journal=Representations |language=en |volume=20 |issue=20 |pages=187–228 |doi=10.2307/2928507 |issn=0734-6018 |jstor=2928507 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Spines">{{cite magazine |last=Spines |first=Christine |title=Chicks dig scary movies |url=https://www.ew.com/article/2009/07/24/chicks-dig-scary-movies |access-date=15 April 2012 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref><ref name="Nowell">{{cite journal |last1=Nowell |first1=Richard |year=2011 |title='There's More Than One Way to Lose Your Heart': The American Film Industry, Early Teen Slasher Films, and Female Youth |journal=Cinema Journal |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=115–140 |doi=10.1353/cj.2011.0073 |jstor=41342285 |s2cid=144874450 |id={{Gale|A277106285}}}}</ref> and [[Disability in horror films|disability]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Sutton |first=Travis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118883648.ch5 |title=A Companion to the Horror Film |date=2014-09-09 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-67260-0 |editor-last=Benshoff |editor-first=Harry M. |edition=1 |pages=73–89 |language=en |chapter=Avenging the Body: Disability in the Horror Film |doi=10.1002/9781118883648.ch5 |access-date=2022-09-30 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> in horror films, as well as the [[Race in horror films|prevalence of racial stereotypes]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-02-07 |title=From Blacula to Get Out: the documentary examining black horror |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/feb/07/horror-noire-documentary-black-horror |access-date=2021-12-21 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Means Coleman |first=Robin R. |url=http://archive.org/details/horrornoireblack0000mean |title=Horror noire : blacks in American horror films from the 1890s to present |date=2011 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-88019-0 |location=New York |via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

=== Censorship ===
{{Expand section|date=January 2022}}
Many horror films have been the subject of [[moral panic]], [[Film censorship|censorship]] and legal controversy.

In the United Kingdom, [[Film censorship in the United Kingdom|film censorship]] has frequently been applied to horror films.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kermode |first=Mark |title=British Horror Cinema |date=2001 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-99676-8 |editor=Steve Chibnall, Julian Petley |chapter=The British censors and horror cinema |doi=10.4324/9780203996768 |access-date=2021-12-22 |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203996768-5/british-censors-horror-cinema-mark-kermode}}</ref> A moral panic over several [[Slasher film|slasher]] films in the 1980s led to many of them being banned but released on videotape; the phenomenon became popularly termed "[[Video nasty|video nasties]]".<ref>{{cite web |date=2014-07-11 |title=Film censorship: How moral panic led to a mass ban of 'video nasties' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/film-censorship-how-moral-panic-led-to-a-mass-ban-of-video-nasties-9600998.html |access-date=2021-12-22 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=9 December 2014 |title=Looking Back at Britain's Moral Panic Over Slasher Flicks |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/video-nasty-frankie-mullin-045/ |access-date=2021-12-22 |website=Vice (magazine) |language=en}}</ref> Constraints on permitted subject matter in [[Cinema of Indonesia|Indonesian films]] has also influenced [[Indonesian horror|Indonesian horror films]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Heeren |first=Katinka van |date=2007-06-01 |title=Return of the Kyai: representations of horror, commerce, and censorship in post-Suharto Indonesian film and television |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13583880701238688 |journal=Inter-Asia Cultural Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=211–226 |doi=10.1080/13583880701238688 |issn=1464-9373 |s2cid=145086314 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In March 2008, [[Film censorship in China|China banned]] all horror films from its market.<ref>{{cite web |date=2008-03-25 |title=Feature: China bans horror movies |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-03/25/content_6564049.htm |website=China Daily}}</ref>

In the U.S., the [[Motion Picture Production Code]] which was implemented in 1930, set moral guidelines for film content, restraining movies containing controversial themes, graphic violence, explicit sexuality and/or nudity. The gradual abandonment of the Code, and its eventual formal repeal in 1968 (when it was replaced by the [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|MPAA film rating system]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hunt |first1=Kristin |date=February 28, 2018 |title=The End of American Film Censorship |url=https://daily.jstor.org/end-american-film-censorship/ |access-date=June 30, 2022 |website=JSTOR Daily}}</ref> offered more freedom to the movie industry.

== References ==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

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* {{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Gary D. |author-link=Gary D. Rhodes |title=Tod Browning's Dracula |publisher=Tomahawk Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-9566834-5-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rhodes |first1=Gary D. |title=No Traveler Returns: The Lost Years of Bela Lugosi |last2=Kaffenberger |first2=Bill |publisher=BearManor Media |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-59393-285-5 |edition=Kindle}}
* {{cite journal |last=Rhodes |first=Gary D. |year=2018b |title="Horror Film": How the Term Came to Be |url=https://www.monstrum-society.ca/uploads/4/1/7/5/41753139/rhodes_-_horror_film_-_monstrum_1.pdf |journal=Monstrum |volume=1 |issue=1 |issn=2561-5629 |access-date=October 14, 2022}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Rockoff |first=Adam |date=November–December 2003 |title=Yuletide Terror |magazine=[[Rue Morgue (magazine)|Rue Morgue]] |publisher=Marrs Media Inc |issue=36 |issn=1481-1103}}
* {{cite web |last=Salvi |first=Pooja |date=October 28, 2018 |title=Have you ever wondered what the Ramsays are doing? We find out |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-have-you-ever-wondered-what-the-ramsays-are-doing-we-find-out-2680042 |publisher=DNA India}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Sélavy |first=Virginie |date=November 2020 |title=The Psychedelic Renaissance: The Enduring Influence of 1970s Horror |magazine=Sight & Sound |publisher=British Film Institute |volume=30 |issue=9}}
* {{cite book |last=Shary |first=Timothy |title=Teen Movies: American Youth on Screen |publisher=Wallflower |year=2005 |isbn=1 904764-49-5}}
* {{Cite book |last=Shelley |first=Peter |title=Australian Horror Films, 1973-2010 |publisher=McFarland |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-7864-6167-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Shipka |first=Danny |title=Perverse Titillation: The Exploitation Cinema of Italy, Spain and France, 1960–1980 |date=2011 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-4888-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Tsang |first=Raymond |title=Hong Kong Horror Cinema |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4744-2460-8 |editor-last1=Bettinson |editor-first1=Gary |chapter=What Can a ''Neoi Gwei'' Teach Us? Adaptation as Reincarnation in Hong Kong Horror of the 1950s |editor-last2=Martin |editor-first2=Daniel}}
* {{cite book |last=Tudor |first=Andrew |title=Monsters and Mad Scientists : A Cultural History of the Horror Movie |date=1991 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=063116992X}}
* {{Cite web |last=Ulaby |first=Neda |date=12 December 2015 |title=Oh Holy Fright: Christmas Horror Movies That Slay |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/12/12/459204220/oh-holy-fright-christmas-horror-movies-that-slay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115193643/https://www.npr.org/2015/12/12/459204220/oh-holy-fright-christmas-horror-movies-that-slay |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |website=[[NPR]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Weaver |first1=Tom |title=Universal Horrors |last2=Brunas |first2=Michael |last3=Brunas |first3=John |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7864-2974-5 |edition=2 |orig-date=1990}}
* {{cite book |last=Walker |first=Johnny |title=Italian Horror Cinema |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-7486-9353-5 |editor-last1=Baschiera |editor-first1=Stefano |chapter=4. Knowing the Unknown Beyond 'Italianate' and 'Italian' Horror Cinema in the Twenty-First Century |editor-last2=Hunter |editor-first2=Russ}}
* {{cite journal |last=Werbeck |first=Kai-Uwe |year=2016 |title=The State vs. Buttgereit and Ittenbach: Censorship and Subversion in German No-Budget Horror Film |journal=Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts |volume=27 |issue=3}}
* {{cite book |last=West |first=Alexandra |title=Films of the New French Extremity |publisher=McFarland |year=2016 |isbn=9781476663487}}
* {{cite book |last=West |first=Alexandra |title=The 1990s Teen Horror Cycle: Final Girls and a New Hollywood Formula |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-7064-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Willis |first=Andy |title=Hong Kong Horror Cinema |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4744-2460-8 |editor-last1=Bettinson |editor-first1=Gary |chapter=From Killer Snakes to Taxi Hunters: Hong Kong Horror in an Exploitation Context |editor-last2=Martin |editor-first2=Daniel}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wynter |first=Kevin |title=Transnational Horror Cinema. Bodies of Excess and the Global Grotesque |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-137-58416-8 |editor-last=Siddique |editor-first=Sophia |page=44 |chapter=An Introduction to the Continental Horror Film |doi=10.1057/978-1-137-58417-5 |editor-last2=Raphael |editor-first2=Raphael}}
* {{cite web |last=Withers |first=Ned Athol |date=January 18, 2016 |title=The 10 Best Australian Films of The 21st Century |url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2016/the-10-best-australian-films-of-the-21st-century/ |access-date=January 21, 2021 |work=Taste of Cinema}}
* {{cite book |last=Worland |first=Rick |title=The Horror Film: A Brief Introduction |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4051-3902-1}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Dixon, Wheeler Winston. ''A History of Horror''. (Rutgers University Press; 2010), {{ISBN|978-0-8135-4796-1}}.
* Steffen Hantke, ed. ''American Horror Film: The Genre at the Turn of the Millennium'' (University Press of Mississippi; 2010), 253 pages.
* Petridis, Sotiris (2014). "[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/intellect/fint/2014/00000012/00000001/art00007 A Historical Approach to the Slasher Film]". [[Film International]] 12 (1): 76–84.
* Gooch, Joshua. ''Capitalism Hates You: Marxism and the New Horror Film''. (Minnesota University Press, 2025), {{ISBN|978-1-517917975}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?genres=horror&explore=title_type,genres&ref_=tt_ov_inf Horror genre] on [[IMDb]]

{{Horror film}}
{{Film genres}}
{{Filmsbygenre}}
{{Horror fiction}}
{{Goth subculture}}
{{Sister bar|wikt=horror movie|commons=Category:Horror films|s=Portal:Horror films|auto=1}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Film genres]]
[[Category:Horror films| ]]
[[Category:Horror fiction|*]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

Govindaya Namaha

2026-03-03T21:24:31Z

OlivaGabel6: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Govindaya Namaha
| image = Kannada film Govindaya Namaha poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Pawan Wadeyar]]
| producer = Suresh
| writer = Pawan Wadeyar
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Komal Kumar]] [[Parul Yadav]] [[Rekha Vedavyas]]
| music = [[Gurukiran]]
| cinematography = Suresh Babu
| editing = Sanath Kumar Suresh Arumugam
| studio = Suresh Arts
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2012|3|30|df=y}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross = {{INRConvert|8|c}} <ref name="100 days"/>
}}

'''''Govindaya Namaha''''' ({{translation}} ''Hail Govinda'') is a 2012 Indian [[Kannada language]] [[comedy drama]] film directed by debutante [[Pawan Wadeyar]]. The film was released on 30 March 2012 across cinema halls. It stars [[Komal Kumar]], Anna Georgia, Madhulika, [[Rekha Vedavyas]] and [[Parul Yadav]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2012/jan/17/govindaya-namaha-hits-the-jackpot-330811.html|title='Govindaya Namaha' hits the jackpot|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=17 January 2012}}</ref> The music is composed by [[Gurukiran]]. This film is remade as ''[[Potugadu]]'' in Telugu. The movie was accused to be a copy of 2006 Kannada movie ''Avnandre Avne''. However Karnataka Film Directors Association writer's wing set aside the allegations as far from truth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/govindaya-a-rip-off/articleshow/21401246.cms|title=Govindaya.. a rip-off?|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=9 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2012/apr/27/govindaya-namaha-makes-way-for-anna-bond-362768.html|title=Govindaya Namaha makes way for Anna Bond|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=27 April 2012}}</ref>

Music of this film has been received well and the song [[Pyarge Aagbittaite]] written by Pawan in Kannada and Urdu language mixture recorded an amazing hit in YouTube by hitting more than 1500000 views in less than a week of its release. This song is performed by Chethan and Indu Nagaraj and music by Gurukiran song was picturized on Komal Kumar and Parul at Bijapur Fort and Ibrahim Roza.<ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/glam-sham/creative-spree-007 On a creative spree] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212162327/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/tabloid/glam-sham/creative-spree-007 |date=12 February 2012 }}. [[Deccan Chronicle]] (2012-02-02). Retrieved on 2012-05-26.</ref>
<ref>[http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/77142.html Bhat Bombat! – Kannada Movie News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708065147/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/77142.html |date=8 July 2012 }}. IndiaGlitz (2012-01-25). Retrieved on 2012-05-26.</ref>

==Plot==
Govinda pretends to be in love with three women later cheats and abandons them. However, he realises his mistake when the woman he loves cheats on him.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Komal Kumar]] as Govinda
* [[Parul Yadav]] as Mumtaz
* Madhulika as Vydehi
* [[Rekha Vedavyas]]
* Anna Georgia
* [[H. G. Dattatreya|H G Dattatreya]]
* [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] as Vydehi's father
* [[Harish Raj]] as Harsha
* [[Vinayak Joshi]]
* Chandru
*[[Tabla Nani]] as Nataraj
*Dattatreya H. G.
*[[Chikkanna]] as Gopal
*Sandeep Gowda as Pids Pokesh
*Kirloskar Sathya
*[[Raju Talikote]]
*Jayasheela Gowda
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Govindaya Namaha
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Gurukiran]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2012|1|11|df=yes}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:27
| label = Ashwini Media
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[Gurukiran]] composed the film's background score and music for its soundtrack, with the lyrics penned by [[Pawan Wadeyar]], Santhosh Nayak, Shivananje Gowda and [[Jayant Kaikini]]. The album consists of five tracks.<ref>{{cite web |title= Govindaya Namaha (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP |date= 8 January 2012 |url= https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/govindaya-namaha-original/id871007251 |publisher= iTunes |access-date= 13 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160203051349/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/govindaya-namaha-original/id871007251 |archive-date= 3 February 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| total_length = 19:27
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Anthare Ivananna
| lyrics1 = [[Pawan Wadeyar]]
| extra1 = Gururaj Hoskote
| length1 = 3:12
| title2 = Laka Laka
| lyrics2 = Shivananje Gowda
| extra2 = [[Gurukiran]], Apoorva
| length2 = 3:35
| title3 = [[Pyarge Aagbittaite]]
| lyrics3 = Pawan Wadeyar
| extra3 = [[Chetan Sosca]], [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| length3 = 4:13
| title4 = Ninnindane
| extra4 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| lyrics4 = Santhosh Nayak
| length4 = 4:29
| title5 = Sura Sundara
| extra5 = [[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan|Jyotsna]]
| lyrics5 = [[Jayant Kaikini]]
| length5 = 3:58
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 3.5 out of 5 stars and says "Don't miss the popular number Pyar ke Aagbuttaithe sung by Chethan and Indu Nagaraj to the lyric penned by Pavan Wadeyar, and excellent costume designing by Shachina Heggar, and the dance choreographed by Murali.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/govindaya-namaha/movie-review/12470433.cms?from=mdr|title=GOVINDAYA NAMAHA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 May 2016}}</ref> A critic from [[News18 India]] wrote "'Govindaya Namaha' is an entertainer which should be watched for its entertaining values and it carries the message about futility of committing suicide".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kannada-review-govindaya-namaha-is-engaging-460920.html|title=Kannada Review: 'Govindaya Namaha' is engaging|work=[[News18 India]]|date=31 March 2012}}</ref> A critic from [[NDTV]] wrote "Govindaya Namaha is an entertainer which should be watched for its entertaining values and it carries the message about futility of committing suicide".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/movie-review-govindaya-namaha-626470/amp/1|title=Movie Review: Govindaya Namaha|work=[[NDTV]]|date=13 July 2012}}</ref> A critic from [[Bangalore Mirror]] wrote "One thing that bugged audience on Day 1 was the dull look of the film which can be blamed on the satellite broadcast. More than 90 per cent of theatres screening the film are through satellite broadcast rather than the stock reel".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/govindaya-namahakomal-gets-it-right/articleshow/21407805.cms|title=Govindaya Namaha:Komal gets it right|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=31 March 2012}}</ref> A critic from [[The New Indian Express]] wrote "The only consolation are the four duets that are shot well with good editing. Gurukiran’s music has added popularity to the film. Parul Yadav makes for a gorgeous nurse and can be commended for her acting".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2012/apr/02/overall-a-huge-disappointment-354450.html|title=Overall, a huge disappointment|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=2 April 2012}}</ref>

== Box office ==
The film was a surprise box office success and ran for a hundred days.<ref name="100 days">{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kannada-film-govindayanamaha-completes-100-days-486353.html|title=Kannada film 'Govindayanamaha' completes 100 days|work=[[News18 India]]|date=7 July 2012}}</ref>

==Awards==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
|rowspan="9"|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role
|[[Rekha Vedavyas]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Comedian
|[[Komal (actor)|Komal]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Music Director
|[[Gurukiran]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Lyricist
|Pawan for "Pyarge Agbittaite"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
|Indu Nagaraj for "Pyarge Agbittaite"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Dance Choreographer
|Murali for "Pyarge Agbittaite"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Debutant Producer
|K. A. Suresh
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Debutant Director
|Pawan Wodeyar
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Female Debutant
|[[Parul Yadav]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[60th Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Pavan Wadeyar]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|35em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=3198656}}

{{Pavan Wadeyar}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gurukiran]]
[[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2012 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bijapur, Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pavan Wadeyar]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]

Pranayakadha

2026-03-03T20:42:19Z

OlivaGabel6: Made!

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pranayakadha
| image = Pranayakadha 2014 poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Aadhi Balakrishnan
| producer = Firoz Pandarakkattil
| writer = Aadhi Balakrishnan
| screenplay = Aadhi Balakrishnan
| story = Aadhi Balakrishnan
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = Arun V. Narayan Swarna Thomas [[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty]]
| music = [[Alphons Joseph]]
| cinematography = Murali Krishnan
| editing = Vijay Shankar
| studio = Shehnaz Movie Creations
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|1|18}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pranayakadha''''' is a 2014 Malayalam [[Romance film|romance]]-[[drama film]] written and directed by Aadhi Balakrishnan. Starring actors Arun V. Narayan and Swarna Thomas in the lead roles, the film was released on 17 January 2014.<ref name=msidb>{{cite web|title=Pranayakadha (2014)|url=https://en.msidb.org/m.php?7426|publisher=msidb.org|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=moviebuff>{{cite web|title=Pranayakadha (2014)|url=https://moviebuff.com/pranayakadha|publisher=Moviebuff.com|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref>

== Cast & Crew ==
* Arun V. Narayan
* Swarna Thomas
* [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]]
* Firos P.S.
* [[Govindankutty (Actor)|Govindankutty Adoor]]
* Jayaprakash Kuloor
* [[Joy Mathew]]
* Thara Kalyan
* [[Urmila Unni]]

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pranayakadha
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Alphons Joseph]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|12|2}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=7|s=2}}
| label = [[Muzik 247]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[The Hitlist]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = @ Andheri
| next_year = 2014
}}
The soundtrack album of the film has been composed by [[Alphons Joseph]], while lyrics have been penned by [[Murukan Kattakada]] and [[Rafeeq Ahammed]]. On 25 June 2013, the making of the song "Manjil Mungippongum" was leaked on the net by Metromatinee.com.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shreya Ghosal Singing a Beautiful song - Movie "PRANAYAKADHA"| website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34qRLOgv7QE|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref>

=== Track listing ===
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Pranayakadha
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 7:02
| all_lyrics = [[Rafeeq Ahammed]] and [[Murukan Kattakada]]
| all_music = [[Alphons Joseph]]
| title1 = Manjil Mungippongum
| lyrics1 = [[Rafeeq Ahammed]]
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length1 = 3:34
| title2 = Doore Puthiyoru Theeram
| lyrics2 = [[Murukan Kattakada]]
| extra2 = [[Alphons Joseph]]
| length2 = 3:28
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg5qZdCXqGU Official Movie Trailer]

[[Category:2014 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Alphons Joseph]]

Aha! Naa Pellanta!!

2026-03-03T19:02:28Z

OlivaGabel6: Done - done

{{short description|1987 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aha! Naa Pellanta!!
| image = Aha Naa-Pellanta 1987 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| screenplay = Jandhyala
| based_on = {{based on|''Satyam Gaari Illu'' (novel)|Adivishnu}}
| producer = [[D. Ramanaidu]]
| director = [[Jandhyala]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]]
| music = [[Ramesh Naidu]]
| cinematography = [[S. Gopal Reddy]]
| editing = B Satyam
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1987|11|27}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|16 [[lakh]]}}<ref name="sak" />
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|5 [[crore]]}}<ref name="sak" />
}}
'''''Aha! Naa Pellanta!!'''''{{Efn|Spelt as ''Ahana Pellanta'' on the CBFC certificate.}} ({{translation|Yeah! It’s my wedding!!}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[Jandhyala]], and produced by [[D. Ramanaidu]] under his banner [[Suresh Productions]]. The film stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] and [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]] while [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Nutan Prasad]], and [[Brahmanandam]] play supporting roles. The film has music composed by [[Ramesh Naidu]]. An adaptation of Adivishnu's novel ''Satyam Gaari Illu'' ({{translation|Mr. Satyam's House}}), the film's title is based on a song from the [[epic fantasy]] film ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957).<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2015 |title=The Star maker |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-02-22/The-Star-maker-133035 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706053254/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-02-22/The-Star-maker-133035 |archive-date=6 July 2015 |access-date=6 May 2015 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> The film released on 27 November 1987.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ఎవర్ గ్రీన్ కామెడీ సినిమా..@31 ఇయర్స్! |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment/aha-naa-pellanta-released-31-years-ego-piurpn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126182424/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment/aha-naa-pellanta-released-31-years-ego-piurpn |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=te}}</ref>

''Aha! Naa Pellanta!!'' is considered one of the best comedy films of all time in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=M. L. |first=Narasimham |date=29 June 2001 |title=End of a comedy era |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/06/29/stories/0929022g.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604045757/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/06/29/stories/0929022g.htm |archive-date=4 June 2015 |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandya |first=Haresh |date=2001-08-03 |title=Obituary: Jandhyala Sastri |url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/aug/04/guardianobituaries.filmnews |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Kota Srinivasa Rao's character as a miser and his mannerism "Naakenti?" ({{Translation|What's in it for me?}}) became famous.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-17 |title=పండుగ చూస్కో |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/funday/hundred-sixteen-years-telugu-film-industry-507568 |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=Sakshi |language=te |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024005756/https://www.sakshi.com/news/funday/hundred-sixteen-years-telugu-film-industry-507568 |url-status=live }}</ref> Brahmanandam's role as 'Ara Gundu' received wide appreciation from both critics and audience and it became his [[breakthrough role]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopalrao |first=Griddaluru |date=4 December 1987 |title=సమీక్ష: ఆహా నా పెళ్ళంటా! |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1987/Dec/4-dec-1987.pdf |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-date=13 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913140015/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1987/Dec/4-dec-1987.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-01 |title=Birthday Special! Brahmanandam: Tracing the journey of the popular comedian in Tollywood so far |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/birthday-special-brahmanandam-tracing-the-journey-of-the-popular-comedian-in-tollywood-so-far/photostory/67790174.cms |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110161810/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/birthday-special-brahmanandam-tracing-the-journey-of-the-popular-comedian-in-tollywood-so-far/photostory/67790174.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Made on a budget of {{Indian Rupee|}}16 [[lakh]], the film grossed over {{Indian Rupee|}}5 [[crore]] at the box office and became a blockbuster.<ref name="sak">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-17 |title=పండుగ చూస్కో |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/funday/hundred-sixteen-years-telugu-film-industry-507568 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024005756/https://www.sakshi.com/news/funday/hundred-sixteen-years-telugu-film-industry-507568 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Producer D. Ramanaidu mentioned that the profits from the film helped him in the establishment of Ramanaidu Studios.<ref name=":1" /> The film was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Challenge Gopalakrishna]]'' (1990).

==Plot==
Krishna Murthy, the son of industrialist Kasthuri Satyanarayana, leads an eccentric competitive lifestyle with his father. Murthy has been raised by his father in luxury, ever since his mother died in childbirth. Due to his wife's ostracism from her family, Satyanarayana had made a promise with her before her death that when Murthy gets married, it will be with consent from both families. As such, Satyanarayana imagines every girl he sees as a potential suitor for Murthy. While attending his friend's wedding, Murthy meets Padma. He gradually falls in love with her, but worries about his father's response. After his initial attempts to notify him are thwarted by his servant Appanna, a staunch supporter of his father, Murthy succeeds in having his father see him with Padma. After confronting Murthy, Satyanarayana reveals that Padma is the daughter of Lakshmipati, a notorious miser in the adjacent village, and that wooing him for Padma's hand is not easy. Not willing to accept defeat, Murthy wagers with his father that if he can make Lakshmipati accept him as his son-in-law, he will have to accept defeat, and leaves for the village. Murthy reaches Lakshmipati's village and meets ''Aragundu,'' Lakshmipati's long suffering bonded labor. After being caught by ''Aragundu'', Murthy decides to rent out in the adjacent living space that Lakshmipati's neighbour Subba Rao lives in, asking his family to allow him room as one of their own. Murthy then begins the process of wooing Lakshmipati by acting like a miser himself. He claims to be the local head of the All India Miser Community, and leads Lakshmipati into a series of comical acts under the guise of saving money, which also include deterring any prospective suitors for Padma, who Lakshmipati continually blackmails by threatening to kill himself. Murthy also offers to coach Sundaram, Lakshmipati's son, who's in love with Subba Rao's sister Sita.

Subba Rao catches Sundaram and Sita together one day and hits her until Murthy intervenes. He tells Subba Rao that he's taking his anger on the wrong person and offers to pay the dowry for Sita and Sundaram's wedding on Subba Rao's behalf. Meanwhile, after Murthy successfully manages to convince Lakshmipati to give his daughter's hand in marriage, Satyanarayana shows up under the guise of seeking Lakshmipati for a business partnership, and tries to sabotage Murthy's efforts. On the day of the wedding, Lakshmipati declares to everyone that the wedding is void because the dowry wasn't paid. Lakshmipati also insults and assaults Murthy when he tries to intervene, earning Satyanarayana's ire. Despite the setback, Murthy refuses to give up, and asks his father for one last chance. ''Aragundu'', having grown tired of Lakshmipati's antics, resigns and joins up with Murthy. Both of them convince an earlier suitor, Kukkuteswarao, into offering Lakshmipati reverse dowry for Padma's hand. Additionally, Subba Rao's transport company goes on strike, driving their buses through the village, creating a nuisance until Sundaram and Sita's wedding ceremony is conducted. Consequently, four other suitors offer increasing reverse dowry amounts for Padma, all of which Lakshmipati agrees to. On the day of the wedding ceremony, all four grooms turn up and accuse Lakshmipati of deceiving them. Padma confronts her father over his greed blinding him to his daughter's welfare, and his treatment of her like a commodity rather than a human. Lakshmipati's wife joins in and offers to kill themselves so that he can sell their bodies to science for money, which he always wanted. His eyes opened, Lakshmipati realizes the error of his ways, and requests the grooms to choose among themselves who would be marrying Padma. The grooms instead tell him that there's one person who they all unanimously vote to marry Padma: Murthy, which Lakshmipati agrees to. Showing up at the wedding ceremony, an elated Satyanaraya happily accepts his defeat, and reveals his relationship with Murthy to a shocked Lakshmipati, who in turn shocks Satyanarayana more by offering to pay for refreshments.

An epilogue states that Lakshmipati passed peacefully after donating his wealth to charity, while Murthy and Padma had a son, who Murthy is shocked to discover has inherited his grandfather's miserly behavior.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Krishna Murthy
* [[Rajani (actress)|Rajani]] as Padma
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Lakshmipati
* [[Nutan Prasad]] as Satyanarayana
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Appanna
* [[Bramhanandam]] as Govindu a.k.a. Ara Gundu
* [[Suthi Veerabhadra Rao]] as Collector Venkat Rao
* [[Suthi Velu]] as Pinaasi Sangham Head
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Kukkuteswara Rao
* [[Babu Mohan]] as a member of RTC bus union
* Vidyasagar as Subba Rao
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Bridegroom's father
* [[Ashok Kumar (Telugu actor)|Ashok Kumar]] as Kaviraju, Hotel manager
* [[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]] as Chitti, Krishna Murthy's mate
* [[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]] as Hotel server
* [[Telangana Shakuntala]] as Hostel warden
* [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Rajyam
* [[Dubbing Janaki]] as Janaki
* Sandhya as Sita
* Jhansi
* Vishwas as Sundaram
* [[Kuyili (actress)|Kuyili]] as a special appearance as jogging girl
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as a special appearance as Sasirekha from [[Mayabazar]] in the song "Aha Na Pellanta"
* [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as a special appearance as Ghatotkacha from [[Mayabazar]] in the song "Aha Na Pellanta"
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[Ramesh Naidu]]. Music released on AVM Audio Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aha Naa Pellanta (1987) |url=https://www.raaga.com/telugu/movie/aha-naa-pellanta-songs-A0004052 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225165302/https://www.raaga.com/telugu/movie/aha-naa-pellanta-songs-A0004052 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=2 May 2022 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S.No!!Song title!!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Thikkana Padinadi"
|[[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|5:05
|-
|2
|"Kasthuri Rangayya"
|M. R. S. Sastry
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[P. Susheela]]
|3:54
|-
|3
|"Idi Srungara"
|[[Veturi]]
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Vani Jayaram]]
|5:45
|-
|4
|"Peenasi Aina"
|Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|3:46
|-
|5
|"Swagatham"
|Veturi
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Vani Jayaram
|3:29
|-
|6
|"Aha Na Pellanta"
|Ghantasala
|[[P. Susheela]], Ghantasala
|2:33
|}

==Reception==
Griddaluru Gopalrao of ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'', writing his review on 4 December 1987, appreciated the way Jandhyala imbibed humour in the film's dialogues, "Though the comedy scenes are far from reality at times, they are very close in making the audience laugh [<nowiki/>''[[sic]]'']," Gopalrao added.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopalrao |first=Griddaluru |date=4 December 1987 |title=సమీక్ష: ఆహా నా పెళ్ళంటా! |language=te |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1987/Dec/4-dec-1987.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913140015/http://zaminryot.com/pdf/1987/Dec/4-dec-1987.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Jahnavi Reddy of ''[[The News Minute]]'', wrote that the film is noted for its dialogues and unique insults, which came to be used commonly in conversations. "While more recent films and their dialogues are frequently woven into conversations, there has been a big change in the kind of Telugu used in these popular dialogue," she added.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Jahnavi |date=2020-07-17 |title=Jandhyala's 'Aha Naa-Pellanta!': A comedy that still influences Telugu pop culture |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jandhyala-s-aha-naa-pellanta-comedy-still-influences-telugu-pop-culture-128920 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220172054/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jandhyala-s-aha-naa-pellanta-comedy-still-influences-telugu-pop-culture-128920 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0249336|Aha! Naa Pellanta!!}}
{{Jandhyala Subramanya Sastry}}

[[Category:1980s feminist films]]
[[Category:1987 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1987 Indian films]]
[[Category:1987 comedy films]]
[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jandhyala]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ramesh Naidu]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Films about social realism]]
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy-drama films]]

Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side B

2026-03-03T12:11:12Z

OlivaGabel6: adding info

{{Short description|2023 Kannada-language Romantic drama movie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Sapta Saagaradaache Ello Side B poster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Hemanth M. Rao]]
| producer = [[Rakshit Shetty]]
| writer = Gundu Shetty Hemanth M. Rao
| starring = Rakshit Shetty [[Rukmini Vasanth]] [[Chaithra J Achar]]
| cinematography = Advaitha Gurumurthy
| editing = Sunil S. Bharadwaj Hemanth M. Rao
| music = [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]]
| studio = [[Paramvah Studios]]
| distributor = [[#Distribution|see below]]
| released = {{Film date|2023|11|17|df=yes}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget = {{INR}}20 crore (shared with ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A|Side A]]'')
| gross = {{Estimation}}{{INR}}26.25 crore{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}
}}

'''''Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side B'''''{{efn|stylized as ''Sapta Saagaradaache Ello (Side-B)''}} ({{translation|"Somewhere Beyond the Seven Seas (Side B)"}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[action drama]] co-written and directed by [[Hemanth M. Rao]] and produced by [[Rakshit Shetty]]. It is the sequel to the ''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A]]''. It stars Rakshit Shetty, [[Rukmini Vasanth]] and [[Chaithra J Achar]] in the lead roles. The music was composed by [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]], while the cinematography was handled by Advaitha Gurumurthy and editing by Sunil S. Bharadwaj and Hemanth M. Rao.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hemanth Rao announces his next movie "Sapta Saagaradaache Ello"|url=https://udayavani.com/article/hemanth-rao-announces-his-next-movie-sapta-sagaradaache-yello/809233|date=19 March 2020|accessdate=6 August 2023|newspaper=Udayavani}}</ref>

The movie was released on 17 November 2023.

==Plot==
In 2021, after 10 years from the events of [[Sapta Sagaradaache Ello - Side A|Side A]] and during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Manu is out of prison and in search of Priya. He comes across Surabhi, a kind-hearted call girl, in between and gets help from Prakasha. Then he finds that Priya is not happy in her marriage as her husband has lost his restaurant business due to COVID-19. Manu tries to fix the financial and emotional situation of Priya's family along with facing hurdles from Soma and his gang with whom he had a feud in prison, which resulted in Soma almost losing his hearing. Manu dies in the end.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Rakshit Shetty]] as Manu
*[[Rukmini Vasanth]] as Priya
*[[Chaithra J Achar]] as Surabhi
*[[Achyuth Kumar]] as Prabhu
*[[J. P. Thuminad]] as Deepak, Priya's husband
*Ramesh Indira as Soma
*Gopal Krishna Deshpande as Prakash
*Bharath G B as Vinodha
*Yamuna Srinidhi
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]]
| alt =
| released = October 3, 2024
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio = 2bq Studios, Audiokraft Studios
| genre = Soundtrack
| length =
| label = Paramvah Music
| producer = Charan Raj
| chronology = [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title = [[Bad Manners (2023 film)|Bad Manners]]
| next_year = 2023
| misc =
{{Singles
| name = Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Olave Olave
| single1date = Oct 31, 2023
| single2 = Sapta Saagaradaache Ello Title Track
| single2date = Nov 10, 2023
| single3 = Dhare Neeneedidaasare
| single3date = Nov 21, 2023
| single4 = Usire
| single4date = Nov 24, 2023
| single5 = Gaju Koodide
| single5date = Dec 02, 2023
}}
}}

Charan Raj composed the soundtrack and background score.<ref>{{cite news|title='Horaata', The First single from Rakshith Shetty's 'Sapta Saagaradaache Ello' Out|url=https://m.udayavani.com/article/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-new-song/1505704|date=21 June 2023|accessdate=6 August 2023|newspaper=Udayavani|archive-date=6 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806064813/https://m.udayavani.com/article/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-new-song/1505704|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Songs===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Usire
| extra1 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| length1 = 04:26
| lyrics1 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| title4 = Olave Olave
| extra4 = Srilakshmi Belamannu
| length4 = 03:17
| lyrics4 = B R Suvarna Sharma
| title5 = Sapta Saagaradaache Ello Title Track
| extra5 = Karthik Chennoji Rao
| length5 = 04:52
| lyrics5 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| title3 = Dhare Neeneedidaasare
| extra3 = [[K. S. Harisankar]]
| length3 = 02:33
| lyrics3 = [[Rakshit Shetty]]
| title2 = Gaju Koodide
| extra2 = [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]]
| length2 = 02:15
| lyrics2 = Dhananjay Ranjan
| title6 = Gaali Geethe
| extra6 = [[Job Kurian]]
| length6 = 03:41
| lyrics6 = Nagarjun Sharma
| title7 = Kadalanu
| extra7 = Srilakshmi Belmannu
| length7 = 05:23
| lyrics7 = Nagarjun Sharma
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical===
''Sapta Sagaradaache Ello (Side B)'', was originally set for release on October 20, 2023 but was rescheduled.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-18 |title=Rakshit Shetty's 'Sapta Sagaradaache Ello (Side B)' postponed again |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rakshit-shettys-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-postponed-again/article67434637.ece |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The movie was released theatrically on 17 November 2023 in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-20 |title=Rakshit Shetty's 'Sapta Sagaradaache Ello – Side B' is all set to hit screens on November 17, 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rakshit-shettys-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-november-17-2023/articleshow/104585407.cms |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
[[KVN Productions]] released the Kannada version, People Media Factory released the Telugu version, Karthik Subbaraj’s [[Stone Bench Creations]] presented the Tamil version and [[Prithviraj Productions]] released the Malayalam version.<ref>{{cite web | title=Side B of Sapta Sagaradaache Ello gets a bigger release | date=6 November 2023 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/Nov/06/side-b-of-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-gets-a-bigger-release-2630377.html }}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 25 January 2024 in Kannada with dubbed versions of Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Catch Rakshit Shetty's Sapta Sagaradaache Ello Side – B On THIS Platform; Deets Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/catch-rakshit-shettys-sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-on-this-platform-deets-inside-8755661.html |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Sapta Saagaradaache Ello - Side B'' received positive to mixed reviews with praise for its storytelling, acting, cinematography and technical aspects while the characterization of the lead was criticized. The movie also had a rich production values which was appreciated by many.

Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Sridevi S wrote "If Side-A is a one-sided love letter, Side-B is a fitting response to that letter. If you have seen Side A, Side B is worth watching in theatres to find how life comes full circle for Manu and Priya. If you haven't watched Side A, Side B still serves as a sublime story to see how far a person can go for love".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sapta Sagaradaache Ello - Side B Movie Review : SSE Side-B review: Hemanth Rao, Rakshit Shetty dish out a satisfying sequel to Side A |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b/movie-review/105275909.cms |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Vivek MV of ''[[The Hindu]]'' in his review wrote "Director Hemanth M Rao puts his lead character in a flawed and morally wrong path, yet soulful performances from Rakshit, Chaithra J Achar and Rukmini Vasanth overshadows the film's convenient writing."<ref>{{Cite news |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=2023-11-17 |title='Sapta Sagaradaache Ello (Side B)' movie review: A fantastic Rakshit Shetty steers the sequel to the shore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-movie-review-a-fantastic-rakshit-shetty-steers-the-sequel-to-the-shore/article67544047.ece |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Shashiprasad of ''The South First'' rated the movie 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "All is well that ends well! Amidst all the action films presently trending in Indian cinema, ''Sapta Sagaradaache Ello'' is a relief as one of the finest love stories on the silver screen."<ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Shashiprasad S. |date=2023-11-17 |title=Sapta Sagaradaache Ello-Side B review: Hemanth Rao showcases the brilliant side of Rakshit Shetty as Manu. Period. |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-movie-review/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref>

The ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' was critical of the film, finding it showed "slick production values in a sluggish sequel"<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Pranati A. |title='Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side B' movie review: Slick production values in a sluggish sequel |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sapta-saagaradaache-ello-side-b-movie-review-slick-production-values-in-a-sluggish-sequel-2775340 |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> In a similar review Swaroop Kodur of ''OTTPlay'' appreciated the technical aspects of the movie and acting of the leads while criticism towards the writing of characters,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapta Sagaradaache Ello Side B review: Treading dark but predictable waters |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-review-rakshit-shettys-film-treads-dark-but-predictable-waters/51e458071c614 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> which ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' similarly did.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-17 |title=Sapta Sagaradaache Ello Side B movie review: It's a Rakshit Shetty show, but in a superficial world |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sapta-sagaradaache-ello-side-b-movie-review-its-a-rakshit-shetty-show-but-in-a-superficial-world-9030517/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*''[[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello – Side A]]''

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28857146}}
{{Hemanth M. Rao}}
{{Paramvah Studios}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sapta Saagaradaache Ello - Side B}}
[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films released in separate parts]]

Kaiyodu Kai

2026-03-03T04:38:41Z

OlivaGabel6: correct lead additionally

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kaiyodu Kai
| image =

| caption =
| director = [[Rajan Sarma]]
| producer = Vamana Pictures
| writer = Rajan Sarma
| starring = {{ubl|[[Aravind Akash]]|[[Yugendran]]|Sona}}
| music = Banapathra
| cinematography = B. R. Rajan
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| distributor =
| studio = Vamana Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2003|09|27}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kaiyodu Kai''''' ({{translation|Hand in hand}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Rajan Sarma]]. The film stars [[Aravind Akash]], [[Yugendran]] and newcomer Sona, with [[Raghuvaran]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], [[Karunas]], [[M. N. Rajam]], Pasi Sathya, [[Shanthi Williams]] and Srilatha playing supporting roles. It was released on 27 September 2003.

==Plot==
In [[Chennai]], Raja ([[Aravind Akash]]) and Manik ([[Yugendran]]) are best friends since their childhood. The orphan Manik owns a garage while Raja is a college student. Manik's garage stands just in front of a ladies hostel where Nithya (Sona) lives and Manik is in love with her. Raja and Nithya are collegemates and lovers. The morning, Nithya acts as a soft-spoken woman to the hostel warden and she leaves the hostels in a traditional dress which makes Manik falling in love with her. But then, she goes to her friend's house, changes her dress and goes to the college in modern dress. Nithya is also an outspoken and straightforward woman who hates male chauvinism.

Manik decides to impress Nithya's father Shanmugam ([[Malaysia Vasudevan]]) who lives in a village and Manik helps him sorting out a case. Shanmugam then promises him to give his daughter in marriage and Nithya finally sees Manik at the engagement in her village. The day of the wedding, she elopes and arrives at Raja's home. A distraught Manik starts drinking alcohol. In the meantime, Raja and Nithya get married in a temple in Chennai.

Later, Raja introduces to Manik his newly-wed wife Nithya and the two are shocked. Manik then promises Nithya that he will not tell anything to Raja. Nithya doesn't want to be a typical housewife doing housework so she starts to behave harshly towards Raja's family. Raja tries his best to bear her arrogant behaviour and the situation worsens dramatically day by day. Manik then plays a double game: on the one hand, Manik advises his friend Raja to behave violently towards his wife and on the other hand, Manik blindly supports Nithya in her decisions.

Three years later, Nithya and Raja live separately from each other and they are now busy with their professional career. To prove that the women are equal to men, Nithya asks Manik to marry her at the registrar office and invites Raja. The day of the marriage, Manik refuses to marry her and humiliates her. Manik tells Nithya that he doesn't do it to take revenge on her but to make her understand that Raja is a good husband who is still in love with her. Nithya realises her mistakes, Raja forgives her and the couple hugs each other. The film ends with Raja and Manik happily shaking hands.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Aravind Akash]] as Raja
*[[Yugendran]] as Manik (Manikkam)
*Sona as Nithya
*[[Raghuvaran]] as Manickavasagam, Raja's father
*[[Malaysia Vasudevan]] as Shanmugam
*[[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as Vijayakumar
*[[Karunas]]
*[[M. N. Rajam]] as Hostel warden
*[[Pasi Sathya]] as Mallika
*[[Shanthi Williams]] as Raja's mother
*Srilatha as Rekha Vijayakumar
*R. Vijaya as Nithya's mother
*Divya
*Shivani
*Adade Manohar
*Karuppatti Kannan
*Naresh Babu
*Vendakkai Sekhar
*[[Abhinayashree]] in a special appearance
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Kaiyodu Kai
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = Banapathra
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2003
| recorded = 2003
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 29:12
| label = Five Star Audio
| producer = Banapathra
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by Banapathra. The soundtrack features 6 tracks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mio.to/album/Kaiyodu+Kai+(2003)|title=Kaiyodu Kai (2003)|access-date=6 January 2020|publisher=MusicIndiaOnline}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

{{track listing|
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|headline=Tracklist
|total_length=29:12
|title1=Ichukalaama|extra1=Krishnaraj, [[Swarnalatha]]|lyrics1=Ponniyin Selvan|length1=5:11
|title2=Innoru Bhoomi|extra2=[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]|lyrics2=[[Snehan]]|length2=4:54
|title3=Iru Manam|extra3=[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]|lyrics3=[[Rajan Sarma]]|length3=5:16
|title4=Pennondru|extra4=Karthik, [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]|lyrics4=[[Piraisoodan]]|length4=3:45
|title5=Saianora|extra5=[[Anuradha Sriram]]|lyrics5=[[Thamarai]]|length5=5:22
|title6=Sugam Idhu|extra6=[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]|lyrics6=[[P. Vijay]]|length6=4:44
}}

==Reception==
Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' opined that "The script defies logic many a time, and Manic's explanation for his actions are not convincing either. Arvind and Yugendar as Raja and Manic, try to fit into their roles, but are bogged down by an inadequate script".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov300.asp|title=Kaiyodu Kaiy|publisher=Chennai Online|date=5 October 2003|last=Mannath|first=Malini|archive-date=24 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050324063100/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov300.asp}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041029212609/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/archaics/151003/reviews/review5.asp www.cinemaexpress.com - Review of the Film 'Kaiyodu Kai']

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy drama films]]
[[Category:2003 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2000s buddy films]]
[[Category:2003 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Vrinda Rathi

2026-03-03T03:47:32Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{short description|Indian cricket umpire (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Vrinda Rathi
| image = Vrinda Rathi.jpg
| country = India
| fullname = Vrinda Ghanshyam Rathi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|2|14|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Navi Mumbai]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| role = [[Umpire (cricket)|Umpire]]
| umpire = true
| odisumpired =
| umpodidebutyr =
| umpodilastyr =
| t20isumpired = 14
| umpt20idebutyr = 2023
| umpt20ilastyr = 2024
| wtestsumpired = 1
| umpwtestdebutyr = 2023
| umpwtestlastyr =
| wodisumpired = 19
| umpwodidebutyr = 2023
| umpwodilastyr = 2026
| wt20isumpired = 55
| umpwt20idebutyr = 2022
| umpwt20ilastyr = 2026
| fcumpired = 3
| umpfcdebutyr = 2023
| umpfclastyr = 2024
| date = 19 November
| year = 2024
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vrinda-rathi-1290109 ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Vrinda Ghanshyam Rathi''' (born 14 February 1989) is an Indian [[cricket umpire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vrinda-rathi-1290109|title=Vrinda Rathi |accessdate=11 February 2023 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> She is currently a member of [[Development Panel of ICC Umpires]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2020/news/147175/india-s-janani-narayanan-and-vrinda-rathi-named-in-icc-panel |title=India's Janani Narayanan and Vrinda Rathi named in ICC Panel |website=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/12367-rathi-and-janani-become-a-part-of-icc-development-panel-of-umpires.html|title=Rathi and Janani become a part of ICC development Panel of umpires|work=Female Cricket|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/indian-umpires-janani-narayanan-vrinda-rathi-named-in-icc-panel-1219544 |title=Indian umpires Janani Narayanan, Vrinda Rathi named in ICC panel |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> She was one of the female umpires named by the ICC to stand in matches in the [[2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3039127 |title=Historic feat: All-female panel to officiate at the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2023 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/3038392 |title=All-female match official group announced for ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2023 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref>

On 10 January 2023, she along with [[Narayanan Janani]] and [[Gayathri Venugopalan]] became the first woman umpires to stand as an on-field umpire in a [[Ranji Trophy|men's domestic fixture in India]], when she was one of the umpires in the match between [[Goa cricket team|Goa]] and [[Pondicherry cricket team|Pondicherry]] in the [[2022–23 Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women umpires Rathi, Janani and Gayathri make history in Ranji Trophy |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/women-umpires-vrinda-rathi-janani-narayanan-and-gayathri-venugopalan-make-history-at-ranji-trophy-1353118 |access-date=10 January 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In September 2024 she was named as part of an all-female officiating group for the [[2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/all-female-panel-of-match-officials-announced-for-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 |title=All-female panel of match officials announced for Women’s T20 World Cup 2024 |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1290109}}

{{ICC Associate and Affiliate Umpires Panel}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathi, Vrinda}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Indian Twenty20 International cricket umpires]]

Ferrari Ki Sawaari

2026-03-02T09:30:53Z

OlivaGabel6: further refined citations for clarity additionally and added references

{{Short description|2012 Indian Hindi-language film}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ferrari Ki Sawaari
| image = Ferrari_ki_sawaari.jpg
| caption = Theatrical film poster
| director = [[Rajesh Mapuskar]]
| writer = Rajesh Mapuskar [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] [[Rajkumar Hirani]] (Dialogues)
| producer = Vidhu Vinod Chopra
| starring = [[Sharman Joshi]] [[Boman Irani]] [[Ritvik Sahore]] [[Vidya Balan]] [[Paresh Rawal]] [[Seema Pahwa|Seema Bhargava Pahwa]] [[Deepak Shirke]] [[Aakash Dabhade]] [[Vijay Nikam]] [[Nilesh Diwekar]] [[Bhalchandra Kadam]]
| cinematography = Sudheer Palsane
| editing = [[Deepa Bhatia]] [[Rajkumar Hirani]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Pritam]] '''Background Score:''' [[Tapas Relia]]
| studio = [[Eros International]] [[Vinod Chopra Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2012|06|15|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget = [[Indian rupee|₹]]10 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharman's Ferrari Ki Sawari makes profit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sharman-s-ferrari-ki-sawari-makes-profit/story-eQyIIahcR1hMNKH3DlyQ0M.html |publisher=HindustanTimes |date=18 June 2012 }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|45.69 crore}}<ref name="bo">{{Cite web|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ferrari-ki-sawaari/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 June 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://boxofficeday.com/yearly-records/box-office-collections-of-movies-in-2012/ Box Office Collections of Moviews in 2012] Box Office Day {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214235517/http://boxofficeday.com/yearly-records/box-office-collections-of-movies-in-2012/ |date=14 February 2012 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Ferrari Ki Sawaari''''' ([[translation]]: ''A Ride In The Ferrari'') is a [[List of Hindi films of 2012|2012]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-language [[Sports film|sports]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[Drama film|drama]] film written and directed by [[Rajesh Mapuskar]] and produced by [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] under the production banners of [[Eros International]] and [[Vinod Chopra Films]]. The film was released in [[India]] on 15 June 2012 and stars an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Ritvik Sahore]], [[Vidya Balan]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Seema Pahwa|Seema Bhargava Pahwa]], [[Deepak Shirke]], [[Aakash Dabhade]], [[Vijay Nikam]], [[Nilesh Diwekar]] and [[Bhalchandra Kadam]].

==Plot==
Rustom Deboo ([[Sharman Joshi]]), also known as Rusy, is a [[lower-middle-class]] [[Parsis|Parsi]] head [[clerk]] at the [[Worli]] [[Regional Transport Office]] in [[Mumbai]]. Since his wife died, he resides in a small [[apartment]] in the Parsi colony along with his young, school-going son, Kayoze Deboo ([[Ritvik Sahore]]), also known as Kayo, and his elderly, grumpy father, Behram Deboo ([[Boman Irani]]). Rusy is a completely honest and upright man who teaches his son to emulate him. Kayo has an extreme obsession with [[cricket]] with lots of promises, but his father is unable to purchase him enough [[cricket clothing and equipment]] because of his meager income. Kayo's school organises a [[Club cricket|cricket camp]] in [[Lord's Cricket Ground]], [[London]], which would provide Kayo a chance to play with his [[role model]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]]. Rusy decides that his son will attend this camp in spite of the hefty [[fee]] of [[Indian rupee|₹]]1.5 [[lakh]]. The hopeless Behram, who is lamenting the tragedy that changed the game of his life, believes that Kayo just wastes his time in playing cricket and unsuccessfully warns Rusy against sending his son to London. Rusy tries every trick in his book to put the money together, but all his efforts go in vain.

In an attempt to fulfill his son's dream, Rusy reluctantly performs his first act of dishonesty by somehow [[stealing]] the gleaming red [[Ferrari]] car owned by Sachin Tendulkar just for a couple of hours. The only problem is that the [[Naivety|naive]] Rusy does not inform the legendary owner of the car about it. A wild, breathless, bumpy ride begins that leads to a [[menagerie]] of amazing characters: a [[Wedding planner|marriage planner]] who will stop at nothing; a greedy [[politician]] and his reckless son; a [[Laurel and Hardy|Laurel-and-Hardyesque]] pair of loyal [[Servant|attendants]]; and a [[mechanic]] who specialises in [[Motor vehicle theft|stolen cars]]. As the Ferrari zooms through this chaotic world of street thugs and [[Collective wedding|collective marriages]], another [[saga]] unfolds – Behram and his secret injuries and an epic [[rivalry]] that goes back 38 years. Rusy must dodge bullets and bouncers for one unforgettable night and play the role of a perfect father. Can he do it? ''Ferrari Ki Sawaari'' is a fun-filled story of small guys and their big dreams and how these dreams turn into a mad comedy of errors. Fasten your seatbelts. The joy ride awaits.

==Cast==
* [[Sharman Joshi]] as Rustom Behram Deboo (Rusy): Behram's son; Kayo's father
* [[Boman Irani]] as Behram Ardeshir Deboo: Rusy's father; Kayo's paternal grandfather
* [[Ritvik Sahore]] as Kayoze Rustom Deboo (Kayo): Rusy's son; Behram's grandson
* [[Vidya Balan]] as [[item number]] in "Mala Jau De" song ([[cameo appearance]])
* [[Paresh Rawal]] as Dilip N. Dharmadhikari: Behram's childhood friend
* [[Seema Pahwa|Seema Bhargava Pahwa]] as Babbu Chanchal Didi
* [[Deepak Shirke]] as Mahavir Tambe (Mama): [[Sachin Tendulkar]]'s [[security guard]]
* [[Aakash Dabhade]] as Mohan: [[Sachin Tendulkar]]'s [[domestic worker]]
* Vijay Nikam as [[Corporator]] Tatyasaheb Mandke
* Nilesh Diwekar as Prakash Tatyasaheb Mandke (Pakya)
* [[Bhalchandra Kadam]] as Shamshu Bhai: garage owner
* [[Uday Sabnis]] as [[Inspector]] Kadam: Rustom's accquaintance
* [[Satyadeep Mishra]] as Vilayat Sir: Kayo's cricket coach
* [[Achyut Potdar]] as Bat shop owner

==Production==
[[Rajesh Mapuskar]] has worked as an associate director on films such as ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009) and ''[[Lage Raho Munna Bhai]]'' (2006); in fact the idea of the film came to him during the post-production work of ''Lage Raho Munna Bhai'', when for an [[advertising]] assignment he went out looking for expensive cars in Mumbai, he found them all except a [[Ferrari]]. Eventually, he managed to track a Ferrari parked at [[Pali Hill]]. This gave him the idea, "What if I steal this car for a day? What will happen?", which developed into the idea of [[Sachin Tendulkar]]'s Ferrari and the script was developed over the next seven and a half years along with [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rajesh Mapuskar: 'Only a Parsi came to mind' |url=http://www.livemint.com/2012/06/14192839/Rajesh-Mapuskar--8216Only.html |publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=14 June 2012 }}</ref>

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ferrari Ki Sawaari
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Pritam]]
| cover = blank
| alt =
| released = 21 May 2012
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 29:06
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]
| prev_title = [[Jannat 2]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Cocktail (2012 film)|Cocktail]]
| next_year = 2012
}}
The background music is composed by [[Tapas Relia]] while the soundtrack is composed by [[Pritam]]. The album contains seven original tracks. The lyrics are penned by [[Swanand Kirkire]], [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]], Guru Thakur and duo of Satyanshu & Devanshu Singh.

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ferrari Ki Sawaari
| extra1 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Boman Irani]], Aayush Phukan
| lyrics1 = [[Swanand Kirkire]]
| length1 = 3:43
| title2 = Life Yeh Mausambi Si
| extra2 = K. Mohan
| lyrics2 = [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]
| length2 = 4:14
| title3 = Aey Mere Mann
| extra3 = Shyamantan Das
| lyrics3 = Guru Thakur
| length3 = 5:09
| title4 = Mala Jau De
| extra4 = [[Urmila Dhangar]]
| lyrics4 = Devanshu Singh
| length4 = 4:16
| title5 = Maara Re
| extra5 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Aishwarya Nigam]], [[Rana Majmuder]], Ashish
| lyrics5 = Satyanshu Singh
| length5 = 3:38
| title6 = Good Night
| extra6 = Priyani Vani
| lyrics6 = Pritam
| length6 = 5:10
| title9 =
| length10 =
| title10 =
| length9 =
| title7 =
| length8 =
| title8 =
| length7 =
| all_writing =
| total_length =
}}

==Reception==

===Critical reception===
The movie received favorable reviews from critics for its storyline and performances.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/505855|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302035944/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/505855|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2012|title = Ferrari Ki Sawaari Review 3.5/5. Ferrari Ki Sawaari Movie Review. Ferrari Ki Sawaari 2012 Public Review. Film Review| website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] }}</ref> Subhash K. Jha of IANS gave it 3 out 5 stars and said, "The dialogues in Ferrari Ki Sawaari lack the punch of Hirani's Munnabhai films but the heart is still in the right place. Honestly, the film is hard to dislike. It has moments of immense warmth and humour."<ref>{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Subhash K.|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari Movie Reviews : 3 out of 5 stars|url=http://news.worldsnap.com/entertainment/movie-review/ferrari-ki-sawaari-movie-reviews-3-out-of-5-stars-132371.html|access-date=16 June 2012|publisher=Worldsnap}}</ref> Rajeev Masand of CNN IBN gave 2.5/5 stars and mentioned that "it would have been a good movie if was kept short." Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave it 3.5 out 5 stars, saying that "This heartwarming, tender and sprightly film should not be missed!".<ref>{{cite web|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari : Movie Review|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/505855|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302035944/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/505855|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2012|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=15 June 2012}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref> [[Rediff]] gave the movie 2.5 stars out of 5. Rachit Gupta of [[Filmfare]] gave a rating of 4 stars out of 5. He said,"Ferrari Ki Sawaari is a well constructed film that switches between drama and comedy with ease. Hirani's dialogue is pitch-perfect."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmfare.com/reviews/ferrari-ki-sawaari-634.html|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari|author=Rachit Gupta|publisher=Filmfare}}</ref> Madhureeta Mukherjee of [[Times of India]] gave it 4 stars out of five,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Ferrari-Ki-Sawaari/movie-review/14120639.cms|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari|author=Madhureeta Mukherjee|publisher=Time of India}}</ref> with Kunal Guha of [[Yahoo! Movies]] and Sonia Chopra of [[Sify]] giving 1.5 and 3 stars out of five respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/blogs/movie-reviews/ferrari-ki-sawaari-review-235922492.html;_ylt=AilCO.X0w7qMN5hg.RDvW6eq1rx_;_ylu=X3oDMTQwazdxZmRyBG1pdANtb3ZpZSByZXZpZXcganVtYm90cm9uBHBrZwNmZmE0N2NhNS03YTY1LTM5MzAtODZjNy03YzE1ZDJhMmE2MjEEcG9zAzMEc2VjA2p1bWJvdHJvbgR2ZXIDZDhkYzBmNTYtYjY4ZC0xMWUxLThkY2YtMTUyNmNkYzNhM2Uy;_ylg=X3oDMTFxYWV2dWg5BGludGwDaW4EbGFuZwNlbi1pbgRwc3RhaWQDBHBzdGNhdANtb3ZpZXJldmlld3MEcHQDc2VjdGlvbnM-;_ylv=3|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari review|author=Kunal Guha|publisher=Yahoo! Movies}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ferrari-ki-sawaari-review-a-fun-yet-bumpy-ride-review-bollywood-15001022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513012207/http://www.sify.com/movies/ferrari-ki-sawaari-review-a-fun-yet-bumpy-ride-review-bollywood-15001022.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-05-13|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari review: A fun yet bumpy ride|author=Sonia Chopra|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

===Box office===

====India====
''Ferrari Ki Sawaari'' collected {{INR|3.04 crore}} nett approx. on day one.<ref name="bo" /> The film showed growth on Saturday and Sunday to around {{INR|10.87 crore}};<ref name="bo" /> and made additional {{INR|7.05 crore}} by end of the first week for a total of {{INR|20.96 crore}} nett.<ref name="bo" />
Ferrari Ki Sawaari made a lifetime collection of {{INR|28.10 crore}} - {{INR|30.52 crore}} nett in India and a worldwide gross of {{INR|45.69 crore}}.<ref name="bo" /><ref name="boi" />

====Overseas====
''Ferrari Ki Sawaari'' collected a gross of around $1.2 million overseas.<ref name="bo" /> The gross collections from major markets were: UK - £140,000; North America (Canada & USA) - $435,000; UAE - $385,000; Australia - $53,700.<ref name="boi">{{Cite web|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari - Movie - - Box Office India|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/circuit_collection.php?movieid=179&cityid=17&area=overseas|access-date=2020-07-07|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ferrari Ki Sawaari}}
* {{Official website|http://www.ferrarikisawaarithefilm.com/}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|ferrari-ki-sawaari}}

{{Vidhu Vinod Chopra}}
{{Vinod Chopra Films}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2010s sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2012 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about cricket in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Pritam]]
[[Category:Indian sports comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Sachin Tendulkar]]
[[Category:Films distributed by Eros International]]

2013 ICC Champions Trophy final

2026-02-28T19:09:46Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
| title = 2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final
| image = Eric Hollies, South and West Stands at Edgbaston Cricket Ground.jpg
| event = [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]]
| team2 = [[England cricket team|England]]
| team2flag = {{flagicon|ENG|size=40px}}
| team2score = 124/8
| team2overs = 20
| team1 = [[India national cricket team|India]]
| team1flag = {{flagicon|IND|size=40px}}
| team1score = 129/7
| team1overs = 20
| rain = Match start delayed due to rain and reduced 50 overs to 20 overs
| details = India won by 5 runs
| date = 23 June 2013
| stadium = [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]]
| city = [[Birmingham]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind)
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| attendance = 24,867
| television =
| previous = [[2009 ICC Champions Trophy final|2009]]
| next = [[2017 ICC Champions Trophy final|2017]]
|caption=The Final was held in [[Edgbaston]] located in [[Birmingham]]|imagesize=250px}}
The final of the [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy]] was played on 23 June 2013 between [[England cricket team|England]] and [[India cricket team|India]] at the [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground]] in [[Birmingham]]. This was the 7th edition of the [[ICC Champions Trophy]]. India won the match by 5 runs.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=30 June 2013 |title=India beat England by 5 runs to win ICC Champions Trophy |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/champions-trophy/story/india-beat-england-by-5-runs-to-win-icc-champions-trophy-167795-2013-06-23 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name=ICC1>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/news/2013/match-reports/70716/ashwin-jadeja-spin-india-to-elusive-title|title=Ashwin, Jadeja spin India to elusive title|publisher=[[International Cricket Council|ICC]]|date=24 June 2013|access-date=28 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208190247/http://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/news/2013/match-reports/70716/ashwin-jadeja-spin-india-to-elusive-title|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> England qualified for the final by defeating [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] in the first semi-final at [[The Oval]], [[London]] on 19 June 2013. India made their way into the final after defeating [[Sri Lanka cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in the second semi-final played at [[SWALEC Stadium]], [[Cardiff]] on 20 June 2013. The match was delayed almost six hours due to rain and started at 16:20 local time, and it was reduced to 20 overs per innings. So all the rules of this match were same as a [[Twenty20]] game.<ref name="ICC1" /><ref name=BBC1>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/23015551|title=Champions Trophy: India beat England to win final|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=23 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=Guardian1>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jun/23/england-india-champions-trophy-final-live|title=England v India: Champions Trophy final – as it happened|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Joe|last=Drabble|access-date=27 May 2017|date=27 May 2017|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013: How India beat England to title|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/10893849/icc-champions-trophy-2013-how-india-beat-england-to-title |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> It was India's second title victory after the [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy]], although the first time they had shared the honour with [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/8242929.stm|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2002: Rain ruins the final|date=21 September 2009 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> So this was the first time that India won the title individually.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2013 |date=23 June 2013 |title=India seize Champions Trophy victory as England choke in final straight |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jun/23/england-india-champions-trophy-final |work=The Guardian}}</ref> In addition India became the second team after [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] to win the [[ICC Champions Trophy]] more than one time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/series_results.html?id=44;type=trophy|title= Records / ICC Champions Trophy (ICC KnockOut) / Series results
|publisher=[[ESPNCricinfo]]}}</ref> [[Ravindra Jadeja]] earned the [[Man of the Match]] award for scoring 33 runs and taking 2 wickets in the match.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2023 |date=23 June 2023 |title='Golden Boy': Ravindra Jadeja recalls India's last ICC trophy triumph |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/golden-boy-ravindra-jadeja-recalls-indias-last-icc-trophy-triumph-8682573/ |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> [[Shikhar Dhawan]] was named the Man of the Series for scoring 363 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] in the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 June 2013 |date=24 June 2013 |title=Shikhar Dhawan dedicates ICC Champions Trophy 2013 performance to Uttarakhand floods |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/shikhar-dhawan-dedicates-icc-champions-trophy-2013-performance-to-uttarakhand-floods-victims-28234/ |website=cricketcountry.com}}</ref>

As a result of this match, [[MS Dhoni]] became the first captain to win the [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|ICC T20 World Cup]] (2007), [[Cricket World Cup]] (2011) and [[ICC Champions Trophy]] (2013).<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 August 2020 |title=Dhoni retires: the only international captain to win 3 ICC trophies |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-2011-world-cup-final-2007-t20-world-cup-2013-champions-trophy/article28321561.ece |date=15 August 2020 |website=Sportstar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 April 2024 |date=13 April 2024 |title='2013 Champions Trophy wasn't a trophy': MS Dhoni's last India feat undermined in fresh ICC trophy drought verdict |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/2013-champions-trophy-not-trophy-ms-dhoni-last-india-feat-undermined-india-icc-trophy-drought-michael-vaughan-101713009180289.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Prior to this match England and India had played 86 times against each other in [[One Day International|ODIs]], where India had the upper hand with 46 wins whereas England won in 35 matches. 2 matches were tied and 3 matches ended in No Result.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;opposition=6;spanmax1=22+Jun+2013;spanval1=span;team=1;template=results;type=team|title= Statistics/Statsguru/One-Day Internationals/Team records/}}</ref> Their latest meeting had resulted a six wicket win for England in a bilateral series in India in [[English cricket team in India in 2012–13|2013]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/565816.html|title=England tour of India, 5th ODI, Dharamshala, January 27, 2013 |access-date=27 January 2013 |website=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>

These teams had met thrice in [[ICC Champions Trophy]] history, where India had won all three games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;opposition=6;size=100;team=1;template=results;trophy=44;type=team|title= Statistics/Statsguru/One-Day Internationals/Team records/ICC Champions Trophy}}</ref>

== Road to the final ==

=== India ===
India had dominated the tournament from the first match to semi final match. They beat South Africa,<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 June 2013 |date=6 June 2013 |title=ICC Champions Trophy: India beat South Africa by 26 runs after Shikhar Dhawan's maiden century |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/champions-trophy-2013-india-vs-south-africa-in-cardiff-1535556 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref> West Indies<ref>{{cite web |access-date=12 June 2013 |date=12 June 2013 |title=Dhawan, Jadeja are heroes as India crush West indies to become first team to enter ICC Champions Trophy semifinals |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/champions-trophy-2013-india-vs-west-indies-pool-b-match-1535324 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref> and Pakistan<ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 June 2013 |date=15 June 2013 |title=India's Shikhar Dhawan stars in soggy but simple win over Pakistan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jun/15/india-pakistan-champions-trophy |website=The Guardian}}</ref> in assertive wins to be the group champions of [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy#Group B|Group B]]. They brought their strong performance in the semi-final match too where they beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets to reach the final for the third time after [[2000 ICC Champions Trophy|2000]] and [[2002 ICC Champions Trophy|2002]].<ref>{{cite news |access-date=20 June 2013 |title=India cruise into Champions Trophy final with easy win over Sri Lanka |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jun/20/india-sri-lanka-champions-trophy |website=The Guardian|date=20 June 2013 |last1=Marks |first1=Vic }}</ref><ref name=cricmatez>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricmatez.com/2013/04/19/all-about-the-icc-champions-trophy/|title=All About The ICC Champions Trophy|access-date=2015-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208043215/http://www.cricmatez.com/2013/04/19/all-about-the-icc-champions-trophy/|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2 centuries & 1 half century from [[Shikhar Dhawan]] powered the Indian batting line up. [[Ravindra Jadeja]] was the leader from the front of the Indian bowling line-up. India didn't lose a single match since the start of the tournament with winning both of their warm-up matches against Sri Lanka and Australia.<ref>{{cite web |first=George |last=Dobell |access-date=1 June 2013 |date=1 June 2013 |title=Kohli, Karthik set up strong win for India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-karthik-set-up-strong-win-for-india-638671 |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=4 June 2013 |date=4 June 2013 |first=Nagraj |last=Gollapudi |title=Sorry Australia fold for 65 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-england-and-scotland-2013-531603/australia-vs-india-634966/match-report |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

=== England ===
England's qualified for the semi-finals as the group champions of [[2013 ICC Champions Trophy#Group A|Group A]] In the very first match of their tournament they won against Australia by 48 runs<ref>{{cite web |access-date=11 June 2013 |title=ICC Champions Trophy: Bell, Anderson star as England beat Australia in pre-Ashes clash |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/icc-champions-trophy-england-vs-australia-1535467 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref> but lost to Sri Lanka in the next match.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=13 June 2013 |date=13 June 2013 |title=Kumar Sangakkara and Sri Lanka put England in Champions Trophy jeopardy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/jun/13/kumar-sangakkara-sri-lanka-england |website=The Guardian}}</ref> But they beat New Zealand in the last match to qualify for the semi-final.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=17 June 2013 |date=17 June 2013 |title=England clinch a spot in ICC Champions Trophy semis after 10-run win against New Zealand |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/icc-champions-trophy-match-11-england-vs-new-zealand-1535084 |publisher=NDTV Sports}}</ref> In the semi-final they beat South Africa with [[Jonathan Trott]] scoring an unbeaten 82 run innings, England won the match by 7 wickets. It was the second time after [[2004 ICC Champions Trophy|2004]] that England made the final.<ref name="cricmatez" /><ref>{{cite web |access-date=19 June 2013 |date=19 June 2013 |title=ICC Champions Trophy semifinal: England cruise to 7-wicket over South Africa, book place in final |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/icc-champions-trophy-semifinal-steyn-less-south-africa-put-in-to-bat-vs-england-1534937 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref>

== Match details ==

===Match officials ===
[[Kumar Dharmasena]] from Sri Lanka and [[Rod Tucker]] from Australia were named as the [[Umpire (cricket)|on-field umpires]]. They had both previously officiated in the semi-final match of England and South Africa. [[Bruce Oxenford]] of Australia was appointed as [[Third umpire|TV umpire]] while [[Aleem Dar]] of Pakistan, who also officiated in the semi-final as an on-field umpire, was appointed as the reserve umpire. [[Ranjan Madugalle]] of Sri Lanka was the [[match referee]], completing the five-member match official team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/news/2013/media-releases/70683/match-officials-announced-for-final|title=Match officials announced for final|publisher=ICC|date=21 June 2013|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208173731/http://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy/news/2013/media-releases/70683/match-officials-announced-for-final}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2013 |date=21 June 2013 |title=Dharmasena, Tucker to umpire in Champions Trophy final |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/top-stories/dharmasena-tucker-to-umpire-in-champions-trophy-final/articleshow/20698493.cms |website=Times of India}}</ref>

* '''On-field umpires:''' [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
* '''TV umpire:''' [[Bruce Oxenford]] (Aus)
* '''Reserve umpire:''' [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak)
* '''Match referee:''' [[Ranjan Madugalle]] (SL)

=== Toss ===
England's captain [[Alastair Cook]] won the toss and elected to field. India remained unchanged from the side that played the semi-final, while England brought [[Tim Bresnan]] in place of [[Steven Finn]]. However, the match was delayed almost six hours due to rain and was reduced to 20 overs per innings. So all the rules of this match were the same as a Twenty20 game.<ref name=BBC1/>

=== India's innings ===
India lost their first wicket early as [[Rohit Sharma]] was bowled by [[Stuart Broad]] for 9 runs. [[Shikhar Dhawan]] continued to strike despite couple of rain delays. Soon, [[Ravi Bopara]] dismissed Dhawan thanks to a well-judged catch by [[James Tredwell]] at extra cover. Two overs later, Tredwell dismissed [[Dinesh Karthik]], and Bopara bowled a maiden over next. Both [[Suresh Raina]] and [[MS Dhoni]] were dismissed cheaply by Bopara leaving India on 66 for five. [[Ravindra Jadeja]] joined [[Virat Kohli|Kohli]] in the middle, and the duo tried to stabilize the innings. With India on the back foot due to lower run rate, Cook reintroduced in-form bowler [[James Anderson (cricketer)|Anderson]], who conceded only a single. Kohli took charge and smashed 2 boundaries to Bopara and a six to Broad while Jadeja managed to hit six to Anderson in the next over. Later while attempting a big hit to Anderson's bowl, Kohli was caught by Bopara at long-off for 43 runs. [[Ravichandran Ashwin|Ashwin]] came in with nine balls remaining, but was run out in the last over. However, Jadeja, with a six to [[Tim Bresnan|Bresnan]], added 12 runs in the over and took India to 129 runs. Bopara was the best bowler for England as he picked up 3 wickets for 20 runs in 4 overs while Anderson, Tredwell and Broad each took one wicket.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2013 |date=23 June 2013 |first=Sidharth|last=Monga |title=Cool India steal title in 20-20 sprint |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/england-vs-india-final-566948/match-report |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=15 April 2014 |date=15 April 2014 |first=Lawrence|last=Booth |title=India v England: Wisden's review of the Final, India vs England |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wisden-almanack-review-india-v-england-782221 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

=== England's innings ===
England also lost their first wicket early in the second over as [[Alastair Cook]] edged to [[Umesh Yadav]] in the slips. [[Jonathan Trott]] joined [[Ian Bell]] as the duo managed to score 25 runs. Ashwin managed to dismiss Trott and [[Joe Root]] while Jadeja sent back Bell in the next over leaving England on 46 off 4 wickets. With spinners getting wickets, Dhoni gave the ball to Raina but failed to break the partnership of [[Eoin Morgan]] and Ravi Bopara. The duo made a partnership of 64 off 59 but the match turned in the 18th over when [[Ishant Sharma]] got the wickets of Morgan and Bopara in two consecutive balls as England were 110 for six. England needed 19 off 12 balls as [[Jos Buttler]] and Tim Bresnan came to bat but soon Jadeja bowled Buttler and Bresnan was run out. Broad and Tredwell came to the crease as 15 runs were required in the last over which was bowled by Ashwin. Broad managed to score a boundary on the second ball and the duo were able to score five runs in the next three balls as England needed 6 runs off the last ball. Tredwell failed to connect on the last ball as India won the match by five runs. Ashwin, Jadeja, Ishant Sharma each got two wickets while Umesh Yadav got one wicket.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2013 |title=2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final: India vs England - As it happened... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2013/2013-icc-champions-trophy-final-india-vs-england-as-it-happened_763910.html |date=23 June 2013 |website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 June 2013 |date=24 June 2013 |title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013 Results: India Are Champions After Stunning England In Thrilling Final |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/icc-champions-trophy-2013-results-india-are-champions-after-stunning-england-in-thrilling-final-482179 |website=IBTimes India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2013 |date=23 June 2013 |first=Nagraj|last=Gollapudi |title=Dhoni rejoices after long hard Sunday |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ms-dhoni-rejoices-after-long-hard-sunday-644763 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

{{Limited overs matches
| date = 23 June
| time = 10:30
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 = {{cr|ENG}}
| score1 = 129/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 124/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Virat Kohli]] 43 (34)
| wickets1 = [[Ravi Bopara]] 3/20 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Eoin Morgan]] 33 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 5 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/566948.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Edgbaston Cricket Ground|Edgbaston]], [[Birmingham]]
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] (Ind)
| toss = England won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = The match was reduced to 20 overs per side due to rain.
| notes = [[MS Dhoni]] (Ind) became the first captain to win [[ICC Men's T20 World Cup|ICC T20 World Cup]] (2007), [[Cricket World Cup]] (2011) and [[ICC Champions Trophy]] (2013).<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 June 2013 |date=24 June 2013 |title=India vs England, Champions Trophy stats: MS Dhoni first captain to win all three ICC trophies |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-champions-trophy-2013/india-vs-england-champions-trophy-stats-ms-dhoni-first-captain-to-win-all-three-icc-trophies-1534699 |website=NDTV Sports}}</ref>
}}

===Scorecard===
'''Source:<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2013 |title=ENG vs IND Cricket Scorecard, Final at Birmingham, June 23, 2013 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/england-vs-india-final-566948/full-scorecard |work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref>'''

'''1st innings'''
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title={{cr|IND}} batting}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rohit Sharma]] |status=b Broad|runs=9|balls=14|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=64.28}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Shikhar Dhawan]] |status=c Tredwell b Bopara|runs=31|balls=24|4s=2|6s=1|strike_rate=129.16}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Virat Kohli]] |status=c Bopara b Anderson|runs=43|balls=34|4s=4|6s=1|strike_rate=126.47}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Dinesh Karthik]] |status=c Morgan b Tredwell|runs=6|balls=11|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=54.54}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Suresh Raina]] |status=c Cook b Bopara|runs=1|balls=6|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=16.66}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[MS Dhoni]] *{{dagger}} |status=c Tredwell b Bopara|runs=0|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ravindra Jadeja]] |status=not out|runs=33|balls=25|4s=2|6s=2|strike_rate=132.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]|status=run out (Bell)|runs=1|balls=1|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=100.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]|status=not out|runs=1|balls=1|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=100.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ishant Sharma]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Umesh Yadav]]|status=|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}

{{Cricket match batsman status|player=Extras|status=(w 4)|runs=4|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status=(7 wickets; 20 overs)|runs='''129'''|balls=|4s=9|6s=4|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

Fall of wickets: 1/19 (Rohit, 3.5 ov), 2/50 (Dhawan, 8.2 ov), 3/64 (Karthik, 11.1 ov), 4/66 (Raina, 12.2 ov), 5/66 (Dhoni, 12.6 ov), 6/113 (Kohli, 18.3 ov), 7/119 (Ashwin, 19.2 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title={{cr|ENG}} bowling}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=24|wickets=1|econ=6.00|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Stuart Broad]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=26|wickets=1|econ=6.50|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Tim Bresnan]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=34|wickets=0|econ=8.50|wides=3|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[James Tredwell]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=25|wickets=1|econ=6.25|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ravi Bopara]]|overs=4|maiden=1|runs=20|wickets=3|econ=5.00|wides=1|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''2nd innings'''
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title={{cr|ENG}} batting}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Alastair Cook]] *|status=c Ashwin b Yadav|runs=2|balls=9|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=22.22}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ian Bell]]|status=st †Dhoni b Jadeja|runs=13|balls=16|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=81.25}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jonathan Trott]]|status=st †Dhoni b Ashwin|runs=20|balls=17|4s=2|6s=0|strike_rate=117.64}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Joe Root]]|status=c I Sharma b Ashwin|runs=7|balls=9|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=77.77}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Eoin Morgan]]|status=c Ashwin b I Sharma|runs=33|balls=30|4s=3|6s=1|strike_rate=110.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ravi Bopara]]|status=c Ashwin b I Sharma|runs=30|balls=25|4s=0|6s=2|strike_rate=120.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jos Buttler]] {{dagger}}|status=b Jadeja|runs=0|balls=1|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Tim Bresnan]]|status=run out (Rohit/†Dhoni)|runs=2|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=50.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Stuart Broad]]|status=not out|runs=7|balls=5|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=140.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[James Tredwell]]|status=not out |runs=5|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=125.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[James Anderson (cricketer)|James Anderson]]|status=did not bat|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}

{{Cricket match batsman status|player=Extras|status=(lb 1, w 4)|runs=5|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status=(8 wickets; 20 overs)|runs='''124'''|balls=|4s=7|6s=3|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

Fall of wickets: 1/3 (Cook, 1.5 ov), 2/28 (Trott, 5.1 ov), 3/40 (Root, 7.4 ov), 4/46 (Bell, 8.4 ov), 5/110 (Morgan, 17.3 ov), 6/110 (Bopara, 17.4 ov), 7/112 (Buttler, 18.2 ov), 8/113 (Bresnan, 18.4 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title={{cr|IND}} bowling}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]|overs=3|maiden=0|runs=19|wickets=0|econ=6.33|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Umesh Yadav]]|overs=2|maiden=0|runs=10|wickets=1|econ=5.00|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ravindra Jadeja]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=24|wickets=2|econ=6.00|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ravichandran Ashwin]]|overs=4|maiden=1|runs=15|wickets=2|econ=3.75|wides=2|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ishant Sharma]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=36|wickets=2|econ=9.00|wides=2|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Suresh Raina]]|overs=3|maiden=0|runs=19|wickets=0|econ=6.33|wides=0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''Key'''
* <nowiki>*</nowiki> – [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
* {{dagger}} – [[Wicket-keeper]]
* c ''Fielder'' – Indicates that the batsman was dismissed by a catch by the named [[Fielding (cricket)|fielder]]
* b ''Bowler'' – Indicates which [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] gains credit for the dismissal

==Aftermath==
After India's victory the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] announced a cash reward of {{INRConvert|1|c|nolink=y}} for each player. Besides this, each member of the support staff also received {{INRConvert|30|l|nolink=y}} each. India further received $2 million as the prize money for winning the tournament from [[International Cricket Council|ICC]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=24 June 2013 |date=24 June 2013 |title=2013 ICC Champions Trophy: BCCI announces cash prize of Rs one crore to each player |url=https://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/icc-champions-trophy-2013/2013-icc-champions-trophy-bcci-announces-cash-prize-of-rs-one-crore-to-each-player_763970.html |website=Zee News}}</ref> This was also India's last ICC tournament victory until the [[2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{official website|http://www.icc-cricket.com/champions-trophy}}
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910/england-vs-india-final-566948/full-scorecard ICC Champions Trophy 2013 final at ESPN Cricinfo]
* [https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scores/11562/eng-vs-ind-final-icc-champions-trophy-2013 2013 ICC Champions Trophy final at Cricbuzz]

{{India Squad 2013 ICC Champions Trophy}}
{{ICC Champions Trophy}}
{{International cricket in 2013}}

[[Category:ICC Champions Trophy finals]]
[[Category:2013 ICC Champions Trophy]]
[[Category:India–United Kingdom cricket relations]]
[[Category:England in international cricket]]
[[Category:India in international cricket]]

Bahram Jung Mosque

2026-02-24T20:43:02Z

OlivaGabel6: quick update

{{Short description|Mosque in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Bahram Jung Mosque
| native_name = பஹ்ராம் ஜங் மஸ்ஜித்
| native_name_lang = ta
| image = Mosque in Anna Salai.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption = The mosque in 2009
| map_type = India Chennai
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = yes
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Chennai]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|13.062765105506537|80.26431232073354|type:landmark_region:IN-TN|format=dms|display=it}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
| locale =
| location = [[Anna Salai]], [[Nandanam]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| deity =
| rite =
| sect =
| tradition =
| festival = 
| cercle =
| sector =
| administration =
| consecration_year =
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| ownership =
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]
| founded_by =
| creator = Muhammad Abdullah Qadir Nawaz Khan Bahadur Bahram Jung
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| established =
| groundbreaking = 1789
| year_completed = 1795
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished = 
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| interior_area =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = One
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = One
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
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| inscriptions =
| materials =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
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| added =
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| website =
}}
The '''Bahram Jung Mosque''' ({{langx|ta|பஹ்ராம் ஜங் மஸ்ஜித்}}), also known as the '''Nandanam Mosque''', is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[mosque]] located in the [[Nandanam]] neighbourhood of [[Chennai]], in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The mosque was constructed between 1789 and 1795 by Muhammad Abdullah Qadir Nawaz Khan Bahadur Bahram Jung, a poet in the court of [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah]], the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]].<ref name=Muthiah/>

Bahram Jung and his younger brother, Hafiz Ahmad Khan, who constructed the [[Hafiz Ahmad Khan Mosque]], incurred huge expenses on part of the Carnatic state that on the death of Wallajah's successor, [[Umdat ul-Umara]], the lands belonging to the brothers were confiscated by the [[East India Company]].<ref name=Muthiah>{{cite book| page=125 |title=Madras, Chennai: A 400-year record of the first city of Modern India |volume=1 |editor=Muthiah, S. |editor-link=S. Muthiah |publisher=Palaniappa Brothers |year=2008}}</ref>

Completed in the [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] style, the architecture of the mosque reflects the grandeur of [[Islamic architecture|Islamic design]] during the Mughal period. The mosque has many intricate carvings and ornate decorations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chennaiproperties.in/blog/famous-mosques-in-chennai |title=Famous mosques in Chennai |work=Chennai Properties |date=2025 |access-date=26 February 2025 }}</ref>

The mosque is situated adjacent to [[Anna Salai]], an arterial road.

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}
{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:18th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1790s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Chennai]]
[[Category:Mughal mosques]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1795]]
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]]

{{India-mosque-stub}}

Rampur Village

2026-02-23T19:00:34Z

OlivaGabel6: Done!

{{Short description|Village in Mithila}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rampur
| official_name = Rampur
| native_name = रामपुर
| native_name_lang = mai
| other_name = Rampur Virit
| settlement_type = Village
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|26.6004359|N|85.8488846|E}}
| mapframe-frame-coordinates = {{Coord|26.6004359|N|85.8488846|E}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.6004359|N|85.8488846|E}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Bihar
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = Mithila region
| subdivision_type3 = District
| subdivision_name3 = Madhubani district
| subdivision_type4 = Block
| subdivision_name4 = Madhwapur
| named_for = Lord Rama
| population_demonym = [[Maithil]]
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type2 = Additional language
| demographics2_title1 = Mother language
| demographics2_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
}}
'''Rampur''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: रामपुर) is a village in the [[Madhubani district]] of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] in the state of [[Bihar]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=मधवापुर, रामपुर एवं विरीत गांवों में शांति बरकरार - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-13087655.html |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=पंचायत भवन निर्माण के खिलाफ विरोध जारी |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-villagers-protest-against-proposed-panchayat-building-construction-in-madhavapur-201741200545626.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref> It is located in the [[Madhwapur]] block. It is situated on the western bank of the [[Dhouns River]] near the [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal International border]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=त्रिमुहान से रामपुर तक क्षतिग्रस्त बांध से कई गांव के लोगों में खौफ |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-the-damaged-dam-from-trimuhan-to-rampur-has-created-fear-in-many-villages-10242476.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref>

The village of Rampur is the part of [[Madhwapur]] [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchyat]]. It lies in the north side of the [[Basuki Bihari]] village.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Madhubani district]]

{{Madhubani-geo-stub}}

National Highway 703A (India)

2026-02-22T11:08:22Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 703A
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q55593246|title=National Highway 703A|text= Map of National Highway '''703A''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| image =
| length_km = 101
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 3
| direction_a = East
| direction_b = West
| terminus_a = [[Jalandhar]]
| terminus_b = [[Arifke]]
| junction =
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 3
| next_route = 354
| states = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| destinations = Kapurthala, Sultanpur Lodhi, Pindi, Makhu, mallanwala
}}

'''National Highway 703A''', commonly referred to as '''NH 703A''', is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158870.pdf|title=New highways notification dated March, 2014|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 3 (India)|National Highway 3]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref> The 101-km NH 703A traverses the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pwdpunjab.gov.in/RNationalHighway.aspx?languageid=1&pageid=1394&linkid=198|title=National highways in Punjab|website=Public Works Department - Punjab, India|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref>

== Route ==
[[Jalandhar]] - [[Kapurthala]] - Sultanpur Lodhi - Pindi - Makhu - Maluwalia Wala - Mallanwala - Ilmewala - [[Arifke]]<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/183256.pdf|title=Route substitution for national highways 703A, 148BB and 152A|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=6 Dec 2018}}</ref>

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: {{jct|NH|3|country=IND}} Terminal near Jalandhar.<ref name=":122" />
: {{Jct|NH|703B|country=IND}} near Makhu.
: {{jct|NH|54|country=IND}} near Makhu.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|354|country=IND}} Terminal near Arifke.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/7892477 NH 703A on OpenStreetMap]
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{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH3 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Transport in Jalandhar]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

C. K. Raju

2026-02-21T01:43:51Z

OlivaGabel6: cleaned up content further

{{Short description|Indian physicist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

{{BLP primary sources|date=February 2026}}

'''C. K. Raju''' (born 7 March 1954) is an Indian [[computer scientist]], [[mathematician]], [[educator]], and [[physicist]].<ref name="phayul">{{cite news |url=http://www.phayul.com/news/tools/print.aspx?id=37461&t=0 |title=Dalai Lama hosts interactive discussion on Indian Philosophy and Modern Sciences |publisher=Phayul |date=4 Nov 2016 |access-date=4 November 2016 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305010800/http://www.phayul.com/news/tools/print.aspx?id=37461&t=0 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hindubarooah" />

== Early life ==
Raju was born on 7 March 1954 in [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. He obtained a B.Sc. degree from the [[The Institute of Science, Mumbai|Institute of Science, Mumbai]] in 1973, an M.Sc. from the [[University of Mumbai]] in 1975, and a Ph.D. from the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] in 1980.<ref name="Thesis">{{cite web |last=Raju |first=C. K. |date=August 1980 |title=Thesis |url=http://library.isical.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10263/4410/TH58.CV01.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118233121/http://library.isical.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10263/4410/TH58.CV01.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=18 November 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
During the early 1980s, Raju was a faculty member at the Department of Statistics at the [[University of Pune]], teaching mathematics. He was a key contributor to the first Indian supercomputer, [[PARAM]] (1988–91).<ref name="hindubarooah">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820194106/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2004-08-20|title=Beyond the history of Time|last=Pisharoty|first=Sangeeta Barooah|date=2003-09-18|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-04-24}}.</ref> He has also engaged in amateur historical research, including claiming that the Jesuits brought [[calculus]] to Europe from India.<ref>''Mathematics and Culture''. ''Implications of philosophy and culture for contemporary mathematics''. Book Review. [[The Hindu]]. 12 February 2008</ref><ref name="ferreiros">{{citation|title=Book Review: C.K. RAJU. Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE.|author=José Ferreirós|journal=Philosophia Mathematica|volume=17|year=2009|url=http://philmat.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/17/3/378|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415135518/http://philmat.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/extract/17/3/378|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-15}}</ref><ref name="Agrawal">{{citation |author=Agrawal |first=D. P. |title=The Kerala School, European Mathematics and Navigation |url=http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_kerala.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001231211/http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_kerala.htm |archive-date=2023-10-01}}</ref> Certain elements of calculus [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics|were developed in India]] as well as other regions of the world centuries before the notion of calculus was formalized in Europe in the 17th century, but no evidence has been found for the claim that calculus itself was brought to Europe from India.

Raju built on [[E. T. Whittaker]]'s controversial belief that [[Albert Einstein]]'s theories of special and general relativity relied on the earlier work of [[Henri Poincaré]]. Raju claims that they were "remarkably similar", and that Poincaré published every aspect of special relativity in papers between 1898 and 1905. He also goes further, claiming that Einstein's failure to recognize a claimed need for functional differential equations constituted a mistake that underlies subsequent relativistic physics (a claim with which the broader scientific community widely disagrees), and therefore proposes that relativistic physics be reformulated using functional differential equations.<ref>C. K. Raju, Time: Towards a Consistent Theory, Kluwer Academic, 1994, Chapter 5b. The error is that the essential history-dependence of the relativistic many-body problem has been washed away by using a Taylor expansion in powers of the delay to convert a retarded functional differential equation into an ordinary differential equation.</ref><ref>C.K. Raju. ''Electromagnetic Time'', chapter 5b, p.116-35 in {{cite book|isbn=978-0-7923-3103-2|author=Raju, C.K.|title=Time: Towards a Consistent Theory|publisher=Kluwer Academic|year=1994}}</ref><ref>See {{cite book|isbn =978-0-7619-9624-8|author=Raju, C.K. |title=The Eleven Pictures of Time|publisher=Sage|year=2003}} p.298-299.</ref> He also introduced the retarded gravitation theory, making use of the same principle as [[Retarded potential|retarded potentials]] in electromagnetism.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Raju |first=C. K. |author-link= |date=October 2012 |title=Retarded gravitation theory |url=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/acp/article-abstract/1483/1/260/727544/Retarded-gravitation-theory?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=AIP Conference Proceedings |volume=1483 |issue=1 |pages=260–276 |arxiv=1102.2945 |bibcode= 2012AIPC.1483..260R|doi=10.1063/1.4756973 |issn=}}</ref>

Raju has controversially claimed that the Western philosophy of science, including its aspects that pertain to time and the nature of mathematical proof, are rooted in the theocratic needs of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |date=28 September 2017 |title=GroundUp: UCT invites 'conspiracy theorist' to talk about decolonisation of science |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-09-29-groundup-uct-invites-conspiracy-theorist-to-talk-about-decolonisation-of-science/ |journal=Daily Maverick |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929025427/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-09-29-groundup-uct-invites-conspiracy-theorist-to-talk-about-decolonisation-of-science/#.Wc215mF_pqY |archive-date=September 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>Review of ''The Eleven Pictures of Time'' in ''Time and Society'', London, 13(2), September, 2004, pp. 405-7</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Cultural Foundations of Mathematics |periodical=Ghadar Jari Hai |volume=2 |issue=1 |df=dmy-all |year=2007 |url=http://www.ghadar.in/Vol2_Issue1_PDF/v2_I1_Book_Review.pdf |access-date=13 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011064910/http://www.ghadar.in/Vol2_Issue1_PDF/v2_I1_Book_Review.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2010 |url-status=dead}} Book Review</ref><ref>Raju, C.K. "Towards Equity in Mathematics Education 1. Goodbye Euclid!", Bharatiya Samajik Chintan, Indian Academy of Social Science. pp. 255-264. 2009.[http://ckraju.net/papers/MathEducation1Euclid.pdf]</ref> He has authored 12 books and dozens of articles, mainly on the subjects of physics, mathematics, and the history and philosophy of science.<ref>[http://ckraju.net/cv/institutions.html Education, Positions held and Society memberships], Institutions, ckraju.net</ref>

Raju's positions regarding the historical origins of calculus, the priority of Einstein's discovery of special and general relativity relative to Poincaré, the mathematical formulation of Einstein's theories, the retarded gravitation theory, and the origins and functionality of the Western philosophy of science are all widely viewed by the scientific community at large as unsupported, unsupportable, or both. The promotion of his theories has been viewed as part of an ethnonationalist right-wing cultural movement in India spearheaded by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to frame Indian (and particularly [[Hinduism|Hindu]]) mathematics, physics, and culture in general as inherently superior to that of all others and in particular "wronged" by Western forces.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Meera |title=The Science Wars in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QkcuQFBXLFQC |journal=University of Nebraska Press |date=January 2000 |pages=206–213 |isbn=9780803219243}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Raju received the Telesio-Galilei Academy Award in 2010 for several claimed accomplishments in physics.<ref name="tga">{{cite web |title=Gold Medal Winners 2010 |url=http://www.telesio-galilei.com/tg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11&Itemid=12}}</ref><ref name="psd">{{cite journal |last=Raju |first=C. K. |date=11 November 1983 |title=product of Schwartz distributions |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0305-4470/16/16/013 |journal=Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General |volume=16 |issue=16 |pages=3739–3753 |doi=10.1088/0305-4470/16/16/013|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="quantum">{{cite journal |last=Raju |first=C. K. |date=1981 |title=Interpretation of quantum mechanics as a theory of extended particles |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00671825 |journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=681–696 |doi=10.1007/BF00671825|bibcode=1981IJTP...20..681R |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="time">{{cite book |last=Raju |first=C. K. |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-015-8376-3_5 |title=Einstein's Time |date=1994 |isbn=978-90-481-4462-4 |pages=59–75 |doi=10.1007/978-94-015-8376-3_5}}</ref> However, Telesio-Galilei Academy was generally considered a highly scientifically fringe organization at best, and stopped giving out awards entirely after 2013 following a series of investigations in 2012.<ref name="Scott.net">{{cite web |last1=Collins |first1=Harry |last2=Bartlett |first2=Andrew |last3=Reyes-Callindo |first3=Luis |date=May 2017 |title=Demarcating Fringe Science for Policy |url=https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/102651/1/harry%20collins%20perspectives%20in%20science%2029-06-17.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120224055/https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/102651/1/harry%20collins%20perspectives%20in%20science%2029-06-17.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2024 |publisher=Mit Press Direct "Perspectives On Science"}}</ref><ref name="Fringe">{{cite web |last1=Quinn |first1=Joe |last2=Bradley |first2=Niall |date=April 2012 |title=Corruption in Science: Francesco Fucilla and the Telesio-Galilei Academy of Science |url=https://www.sott.net/article/244011-Corruption-in-Science-Francesco-Fucilla-and-the-Telesio-Galilei-Academy-of-Science}}</ref><ref name="Corrupt">{{cite web |last=Cassiopaea Forum |first=Laura |date=30 March 2012 |title=Telesio Galilei Academy of Science a Fraud? |url=https://cassiopaea.org/forum/threads/telesio-galilei-academy-of-science-a-fraud.27261/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120221703/https://cassiopaea.org/forum/threads/telesio-galilei-academy-of-science-a-fraud.27261/ |archive-date=20 November 2024 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |isbn=978-0-7923-3103-2 |author=Raju |first=C.K. |title=Time: Towards a Consistent Theory |publisher=Kluwer Academic |year=1994}}
* {{cite book |isbn=978-0-7619-9624-8 |author=Raju |first=C.K. |title=The Eleven Pictures of Time |publisher=Sage |year=2003}}
* {{cite book |isbn=978-81-317-0871-2 |title=Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The nature of mathematical proof and the transmission of the calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE |publisher=Pearson Longman |year=2007 |author=Raju |first=C. K.}}
* {{cite book |asin=B0030EG1FQ |title=Is Science Western in Origin? |publisher=Multiversity and Citizens International |year=2009 |author=Raju |first=C. K.}}
* {{cite book |isbn=978-983-3046-17-1 |title=Euclid and Jesus: How and why the church changed mathematics and Christianity across two religious wars |publisher=Multiversity and Citizens International |year=2013 |author=Raju |first=C. K.}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite journal |last=Ferreirós |first=José |year=2009 |title=Book review: C.K. RAJU. Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th c. CE. |journal=Philosophia Mathematica |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |volume=17 |pages=378 |doi=10.1093/philmat/nkp003}}
* {{cite news |last=Pisharoty |first=Sangeeta Barooah |date=2003-09-18 |title=Beyond the history of Time |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820194106/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/09/18/stories/2003091800260100.htm |archive-date=2004-08-20 |accessdate=2012-09-26 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}
* {{cite journal |last=Woodward |first=James F. |date=Dec 1996 |title=Book review:Time: Towards a Consistent Theory. C. K. Raju. |journal=[[Foundations of Physics]] |publisher=Springer Netherlands |volume=26 |issue=12 |doi=10.1007/BF02282131 |s2cid=189834650}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}

* [http://ckraju.net/index.html Raju's] [http://ckraju.net/index.html website]
* [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=%22CK+Raju%22+%22Statistics%22+&btnG=Search&as_sdt=800000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0 Raju's statistics papers]
* [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=%22CK+Raju%22+%22Physics%22+&btnG=Search&as_sdt=800000000000&as_ylo=&as_vis=0 Raju's physics papers]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, C.K.}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:Scientists from Madhya Pradesh]]

Odisha Juggernauts

2026-02-14T16:09:27Z

OlivaGabel6: Info

{{Short description|Ultimate Kho Kho team}}
{{Infobox sports team
| image = Odisha Juggernauts.png
| name = Odisha Juggernauts
| full_name = Odisha Juggernauts
| nickname = Juggernauts
| short_name = OJ
| founded = 2022
| city = [[Odisha]]
| sport = Kho kho
| league = [[Ultimate Kho Kho]]
| owner =
| coach =
| captain =
| titles = 2
}}
The '''Odisha Juggernauts''' ('''OJ''') are a team in [[Ultimate Kho Kho]] (UKK). They won the [[2022 Ultimate Kho Kho season|inaugural UKK season]] by defeating Telugu Yoddhas 46–45 in the final.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-07 |title=Naveen Patnaik felicitates Odisha Juggernauts for winning Ultimate Kho Kho |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/naveen-patnaik-felicitates-odisha-juggernauts-for-winning-ultimate-kho-kho/articleshow/94059193.cms |access-date=2023-12-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Odisha Juggernauts' sponsor for the first two seasons has been AM/NS India, which has also partnered with the Odisha government to promote kho-kho in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-16 |title=ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India once again backs ‘Odisha Juggernauts’ as the Principal Team Sponsor for the second edition of Ultimate Kho Kho League |url=https://orissadiary.com/arcelormittal-nippon-steel-india-once-again-backs-odisha-juggernauts-as-the-principal-team-sponsor-for-the-second-edition-of-ultimate-kho-kho-league/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Odisha Diary |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Name ==
The Juggernauts are named after [[Jagannath]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Gopalakrishnan |date=2022-08-29 |title="Women's League in Pipeline": Ultimate Kho Kho CEO Tenzing Niyogi |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/bos/women-s-league-pipeline-ultimate-kho-kho-ceo-tenzing-niyogi |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

== Results ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Season
!League stage
position
!Furthest
stage reached
!Opponent
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|[[2022 Ultimate Kho Kho|'''2022''']]
|'''2nd'''
|'''Final'''
|'''Telugu Yoddhas'''
|'''Won 46-45'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-09-04 |title=Ultimate Kho Kho 2022: Telugu Yoddhas emerge runner-up |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ultimate-kho-kho-2022-telugu-yoddhas-emerge-runner-up |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[2023-24 Ultimate Kho Kho|2023-24]]
|2nd
|Semifinal 1
|Gujarat Giants
|Lost 29-27
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirodkar |first=Neel |date=2024-01-11 |title=UKK: Gujarat Giants in final after downing defending champions Odisha Juggernauts |url=https://pune.news/sports/ukk-gujarat-giants-in-final-after-downing-defending-champions-odisha-juggernauts-117060/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=PUNE.NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Ultimate Kho Kho}}
[[Category:Ultimate Kho Kho teams]]

Siddiqui

2026-02-13T22:22:22Z

OlivaGabel6: fix formatting per sources and corrected details for consistency

{{for|the community of Muslims known as Siddiqui|Muslim Kayasths}}
{{distinguish|Siddique (disambiguation)}}
'''[[Siddiqui]]''' ({{Langx|ar|صدیقی}}) are a Muslim community, found mainly in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, and in communities in Saudi Arabia, the Middle East and North Africa.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

It is also an Islamic-based common name in reference to the 1st Rashidun Caliph [[Abu Bakr]] who was known as Al-Siddiq and is considered the common ancestor of Siddiquis.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Notable people with the name include:

==Given name==
*[[Siddiqui Ahmed Khan]] (1914–?), Indian [[sarangi]] player

==Surname==
===Siddiqui===
*[[Aafia Siddiqui]] (born 1972), Pakistani scientist
*[[Abul Lais Siddiqui]] (1916–1994), Pakistani author and linguist
*[[Abdul Latif Siddiqui]] (born 1943), Bangladeshi politician, serving as a member of Jatiya Sangsad
*[[Abdul Samad Siddiqui]], Indian politician
*[[Adnan Siddiqui]] (born 1969), Pakistani actor and model
*[[Aftab Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician and member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
*[[Ahmed Siddiqui (American youth)]] (born 1996), American who was kidnapped as a child
*[[Akhtar Hameed Siddiqui]] (1947–2017), Bangladeshi politician who served as the Deputy Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad
*[[Ali Jehangir Siddiqui]] (born 1976), Pakistani politician, administrator and ambassador
*[[Arifa Siddiqui]], Pakistani actress
*[[Asad Siddiqui]], Pakistani actor
*[[Ashraf Siddiqui]] (1927–2020), Bangladeshi poet, researcher, folklorist and essayist
*[[Ataullah Siddiqui]], British academic
*[[Ausaf Umar Siddiqui]] (born 1966), also known as Omar Siddiqui, Pakistani business executive
*[[Aziza Siddiqui]] (born c. 1983), Afghan women's rights activist
*[[Bari Siddiqui]] (1954–2017), Bangladeshi singer-songwriter, flutist, and folk musician
*[[Barkat Siddiqui]], Pakistani television director, producer and actor
*[[Fawad Siddiqui]], American actor, improvisational comedian, journalist and cartoonist
*[[Hammad Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician
*[[Haroon Siddiqui]], Indo-Canadian newspaper journalist, columnist and a former editor
*[[Iqbal Siddiqui]] (born 1974), Indian cricketer
*[[Islam A. Siddiqui]], American lobbyist of Indian descent
*[[Ishrat Ali Siddiqui]], Indian gandhian, poet of Urdu literature and editor
*[[Jahangir Siddiqui]], Pakistani businessman and philanthropist
*[[Javed Siddiqi]] (born 1942), Indian screenwriter
*[[Khalid Siddiqui]] (born 1958), Indian film and television actor
*[[Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician and government minister
*[[Kalim Siddiqui (writer)|Kalim Siddiqui]] (1931–1996), Pakistani-British writer and Islamic activist
*[[Kamal Uddin Siddiqui]], Bangladeshi economist and social scientist
*[[Mohsin Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician and businessman
*[[Mona Siddiqui]] (born 1963), British academic and professor of Islamic and Interreligious Studies
*[[Muhammad Alauddin Siddiqui]] (1936–2017), Islamic Sufi scholar from Nerian Sharif Azad Kashmir Pakistan
*[[Muhammad Ali Siddiqui]] (1938–2013), Indian scholar of Urdu literature
*[[Muhammad Ibrahim Siddiqui]], Indian Islamic scholar
*[[Muhammad Shafi Siddiqui]] (born 1965), Pakistani jurist and Justice of the Sindh High Court
*[[Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician and Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
*[[Muneeba Ali Siddiqui]] (born 1997), Pakistani female cricketer
*[[Naeem Siddiqui]] (1916–2002), Pakistani Islamic scholar, writer and politician
*[[Nasimuddin Siddiqui]] (born 1959), Indian Uttar Pradesh politician, member of Indian National Congress
*[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] (born 1974), Indian film actor
*[[Nazim Hussain Siddiqui]] (born 1940), Pakistani jurist who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
*[[Obaidur Rahman Siddiqui]] (born 1964), Indian historian+
*[[Qamar Siddiqui]], Pakistani poet
*[[Rasheed Ahmad Siddiqui]] (1892–1977), Urdu writer and a professor
*[[Rauf Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician and a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh
*[[Sadiya Siddiqui]], Indian film and television actress
*[[Sadaf Siddiqui]] (born 1985), Pakistani track and field sprint athlete
*[[Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui]] (1939–2017), Pakistani jurist and legislator, former Chief Justice of Pakistan
*[[Salimuzzaman Siddiqui]] (1897–1994), Pakistani organic chemist specialising in natural product chemistry
*[[Saghar Siddiqui]] (1928–1974), Pakistani poet in Urdu
*[[Shahid Siddiqui]], Indian politician and journalist, former member of the Rajya Sabha
*[[Shaukat Siddiqui]] (1923–2006), Pakistani writer of fiction
*[[Shaukat Aziz Siddiqui]] (born 1959), Pakistani jurist and former senior Justice of the Islamabad High Court
*[[Shakeel Siddiqui]], Pakistani television stand-up comedian
*[[Sultana Siddiqui]], Pakistani television director, producer and businessperson
*[[Tasneem Siddiqui]], Pakistani politician and member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
*[[Tooba Siddiqui]], Pakistani model
*[[Uroosa Siddiqui]], Pakistani television actress and comedian
*[[Zeeshan Siddiqui]] (born 1975), Pakistani-born Norwegian cricketer
*[[Zillur Rahman Siddiqui]] (1928–2014), Bangladeshi writer, academic and educationist
*[[Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi|Mohammad Iftikhar Ali Khan Siddiqui Pataudi]] (1910–1952), 8th Nawab of Pataudi
*[[Sheheryar Munawar Siddiqui]] (born 1988), Pakistani actor and model

===Siddiqi===
*[[Abul Hasan Siddiqi]] (1943–2020), Indian mathematician and Professor of Applied Mathematics
*[[Abdul Wahab Siddiqi]] (1942–1994), Pakistani Sunni Muslim religious scholar and Sufi master
*[[Aijaz Siddiqi]] (1911–1978), Urdu writer and poet
*[[Anis Siddiqi]] (born 1959), Pakistani cricketer
*[[Asif Azam Siddiqi]], Bangladeshi American space historian
*[[A. Y. B. I. Siddiqi]] (1945–2021), Bangladeshi Inspector General of Police
*[[Hafiz Siddiqi]] (1931–2018), Bangladeshi academic
*[[Imran Siddiqi]] (born 1957), Indian geneticist
*[[Irfan Siddiqi]], American physicist and currently a Professor of Physics at the Quantum Nanoscience
*[[Jameela Siddiqi]], British novelist, journalist, broadcaster, linguist
*[[Javaid Siddiqi]] (born 1977), American educator
*[[Javed Siddiqi]] (born 1942), Indian Hindi and Urdu writer

*[[Jawed Siddiqi]], Pakistani British computer scientist and software engineer
*[[Kamal Siddiqi]], Australian journalist of Pakistani origin
*[[Kashif Siddiqi]] (born 1986), English footballerof Indian descent
*[[L. K. Siddiqi]] (1939–2014), Bangladeshi politician and philanthropist and member of parliament
*[[Manzoor Ul Haq Siddiqi]] (1917–2004), Indian educationist, historian and an author
*[[Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi]] (1892–1954), Indian Islamic scholar
*[[Mustafizur Rahman Siddiqi]] (1925–1992), Bangladeshi entrepreneur, politician and diplomat
*[[Nasir Siddiqi]] (born 1965), Pakistani Emirati cricketer
*[[Nawab Khwaja Abid Siddiqi]], also known as Kilich Khan, Nawab under Aurangzeb
*[[Obaid Siddiqi]] (1932–2013), Indian geneticist
*[[Ravish Siddiqi]] (1911–1971), Urdu Ghazal and Nazm writer
*[[Shujauddin Siddiqi]] (1919–2003), Indian cricketer
*[[Sumaiya Siddiqi]] (born 1988), Pakistani cricketer

==See also==
*[[Amblyseius siddiqui]], a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae
*[[Daniel Seddiqui]], American traveler and writer

{{Wiktionary}}

{{surnames}}

[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Urdu surnames]]
[[Category:Pakistani names]]

Seetharaman Sundaram

2026-02-11T07:15:05Z

OlivaGabel6: adding new article

{{Short description|Indian lawyer, yogi}}
{{Indian patronymic|Sundaram|Seetharaman}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Seetharaman Sundaram
| image = Seetharaman_Sundaram_in_Halasana_(Plough_Pose)_1928.jpg
| alt =
| caption = In [[Halasana]], Plough Pose, 1928
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 25 February 1901
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age text|26 December 1994|25 February 1901}}
| death_place =
| known_for = ''Yogic Physical Culture''
| occupation = Lawyer, [[Yoga]]charya
}}
'''Seetharaman Sundaram''' (25 February 1901 – 26 December 1994<ref name="School of Yoga">{{cite web |title=About School Of Yoga |url=https://schoolofyoga.in/school-classical-yoga-about |publisher=School of Yoga |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>) was a lawyer and pioneer of [[yoga as exercise]], often known as '''Yogacharya Sundaram''', and the first person to publish a handbook of yoga [[asana]]s in English, his 1928 '''''Yogic Physical Culture'''''. This was also the first yoga book to be illustrated with photographs.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|pp=152–178}} He travelled India with the bodybuilder [[K. V. Iyer]], helping to popularise the new blend of [[hatha yoga]] and [[physical culture]].

==Life==

Seetharaman Sundaram was born in [[Mathurai]], Tamil Nadu in a [[Brahmin]] family.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|p=153}} He trained as a lawyer and worked in law throughout his career.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|pp=154-155}}{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|pp=177–178}} He ran the Yogic School of Physical Culture (also called the Sri Sundara Yoga Shala{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|p=177}}) in [[Bangalore]] in the 1930s, and travelled around India with the bodybuilder [[K. V. Iyer]] doing lecture/demonstrations, Iyer on muscles, Sundaram on yoga.{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=126}} His legal colleagues did not know that he was revered as a yoga guru; in 1949, a retired [[high court judge]] was astonished to see Sundaram being seen off at Madras's Central Railway Station by a crowd of wealthy and powerful people, prostrating before the garlanded figure of the man he knew as a lawyer.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|pp=177–178}}

==''Yogic Physical Culture''==

In 1928 he published ''Yogic Physical Culture'', describing a modernised [[hatha yoga]] reworked as a combination of gymnastics, [[bodybuilding]], and hygiene, illustrated with photographs. It explicitly references contemporary Western [[physical culture]] as well as traditional Indian philosophy; and it goes along with [[Indian nationalism]] by stating that the "sons of India" will need to combine yoga [[asana]]s with bodybuilding to "obtain super-strength to make their ''Mother'' [India] an equal sister among Nations!"{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=126}} The language of the book, with phrases like "Physical Culture Religion", also echoes the bodybuilder [[Eugen Sandow]]'s idea of making the body holy through physical fitness. In Sundaram's view, argues the yoga scholar [[Mark Singleton (yoga researcher)|Mark Singleton]], the "tinge of religion" (Sundaram's phrase) makes yoga different from and superior to the purely material Western forms of exercise.{{sfn|Singleton|2010|p=127}}

The book describes just 13 asanas: the eleven{{efn|[[Kuvalayananda]] described [[Sirsasana]], [[Sarvangasana]], [[Matsyasana]], [[Halasana]], [[Bhujangasana]], [[Salabhasana]], [[Dhanurasana]], [[Ardha Matsyendrasana]], [[Paschimottanasana]], [[Mayurasana]], and [[Savasana]].}} covered by [[Kuvalayananda]] in his 1926 book, plus [[Trikonasana]] and [[Padahastasana]]. Sundaram stated that these provided a complete workout for "an average man of health". Kuvalayananda also included in his selection from hatha yoga's techniques one [[Bandha (yoga)|bandha]], one [[mudra]], one [[Shatkriya|kriya]], and two [[pranayama]] exercises. The format, essentially a [[field guide]] with the name of each item, a description in text, and a photograph, was adopted by all later yoga manuals including ''[[Light on Yoga]]''.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|p=161}} It introduces a procedural innovation, too, creating stages in the adoption of each asana, something entirely missing from medieval texts like the ''[[Hatha Yoga Pradipika]]''. The photographs are all of Sundaram himself, presented not as a new system like that of Sandow and the other bodybuilders like [[Bernarr Macfadden]] (whom Sundaram references), but as of Sundaram's way of practising an age-old system. The effect was to demystify the asanas: they turned from difficult, strange, even repulsive spiritual practices into mere exercises.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|pp=162–163}}

In [[Elliott Goldberg]]'s view, Sundaram's detailed instructions moved the practice of asanas from what had "in all likelihood" been perfunctory and haphazard towards the precision of [[modern yoga]], in which close attention is paid to the tensions in individual muscles. This approach, Goldberg argues, led to executing the asanas slowly and under control, observing one's body and making necessary adjustments accordingly to achieve correct alignment. All of this facilitated total absorption in the task of performing each asana properly, which in turn allowed the practitioner to go beyond pain or pleasure to the absolute.{{sfn|Goldberg|2016|pp=166–167}}

==Legacy==

Dr. Asana Andiappan, founder of the Sundara Yoga and Natural Living Trust and the monthly ''Asana International Yoga Journal'', studied yoga under Sundaram as a child.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guruji Dr. Asana Andiappan |url=https://www.andiappanyoga.com/yogafamily/guruji-dr-asana-andiappan/ |publisher=Andiappan Yoga |access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/yoga-forum/724024-yogasanaratna-dr-asana-andiappan-receive-maharishi-patanjali-award-2005-a.html |title=Dr Asana Andiappan to Receive the Maharishi Patanjali Award - 2005 |work=IndiaDivine |date=4 May 2005 |access-date=4 May 2005}}</ref>

==Works==

* 1928 ''Yogic Physical Culture or the Secret of Happiness''. Bangalore: Brahmacharya Publishing.

==See also==

* ''[[Yogasopana]]'', an earlier yoga manual, written in Marathi and illustrated with halftone plates

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Sources==

* {{cite book | last=Goldberg | first=Elliott | author-link=Elliott Goldberg | title=The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice | publisher=Inner Traditions | publication-place=Rochester, Vermont | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-62055-567-5 | oclc=926062252 }}
* {{cite book | last=Singleton | first=Mark | author-link=Mark Singleton (yoga teacher) | title=Yoga body : the origins of modern posture practice | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-19-539534-1 | oclc=318191988 }}

{{Modern yoga}}
{{Physical culture}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sundaram, Seetharaman}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Modern yoga pioneers]]
[[Category:People associated with physical culture]]
[[Category:Modern Indian yoga gurus]]

List of Sikhs

2026-02-07T23:38:06Z

OlivaGabel6: Article updated with latest changes

{{short description|None}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}

'''Sikh''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|k}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|k}}; {{langx|pa|ਸਿੱਖ}}, ''{{IAST|sikkh}}'' {{IPA|pa|ˈsɪkkʰ|IPA}}) is the title and name given to an adherent of [[Sikhism]]. The term has its origin in the [[Sanskrit]] term ''{{IAST|[[śiṣya]]}}'', meaning "disciple, learner" or ''{{IAST|śikṣa}}'', meaning "instruction".
{{Dynamic list}}

==Academia==
[[File:Dr.Jagdeep SIngh Bachher.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Jagdeep Singh Bachher]] is the incoming Chancellor at [[University of Waterloo]]]]
*[[Jagdeep Singh Bachher]], Chancellor of [[University of Waterloo]] and [[Chief Investment Officer]] of the [[University of California]]
*[[Deep Saini]], Vice Chancellor at [[McGill University]]

===Biology===
*[[Baldev Singh Dhillon]]
*[[Gurcharan Singh Kalkat]]
*[[Kartar Singh Thind]]
*[[Khem Singh Gill]]
*[[Mohinder Singh Randhawa]]
*[[Narinder Singh Randhawa]]
*[[Sardul Singh Guraya]]

===Economics===
*[[Indermit Gill]], [[Chief Economist of the World Bank]]
*[[Manmohan Singh]], [[Padma Vibhushan]] and prime minister.
*[[Tarlok Singh (economist)]], [[Padma Vibhushan]], member of [[Planning Commission (India)]] from its inception in 1950 until 1967.
*[[Sucha Singh Gill]]

===Medicine===
*[[Autar Singh Paintal]], [[Padma Vibhushan]], discovered [[Low pressure receptors|Type B atrial receptors]], Gastric Stretch Receptors, Mucosal Mechanoreceptors of the Intestines, Ventricular Pressure Receptors, Pressure-Pain Receptors in the Muscles, and [[Juxtacapillary receptors]].
*[[Baldev Singh (neurologist)|Baldev Singh]]
*[[Daljit Singh (ophthalmologist)|Daljit Singh]]
* [[David Shannahoff-Khalsa]], prolific researcher on the psychiatric applications of Kundalini Yoga based at the Biocircuits Institute at the [[University of California]], San Diego.
*[[Gagandeep Kang]]
*[[Jaswant Singh Neki]]
*[[Harkishan Singh]]
*[[Harpal Kumar]], Chief Executive of [[Cancer Research UK]]
* [[Harminder Dua]], discovered a previously unknown layer lurking in the human eye named the "dua's layer".{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}
*[[Harpinder Singh Chawla]]
* [[Harvinder Sahota]], cardiologist; invented the FDA-approved Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty and holds patents of 24 other medical inventions.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
*[[Jasbir Singh Bajaj]], [[Padma Vibhushan]]
*[[Khem Singh Grewal]]
*[[Khushdeva Singh]]
*[[Kirpal Singh Chugh]]
*[[M. M. S. Ahuja]]
*[[Prithipal Singh Maini]]
*[[Sahib Singh Sokhey]]
* [[Sat Bir Singh Khalsa]], [[Harvard University]]{{En dash}}based researcher of Kundalini Yoga and an authority on the field of yoga research.
*[[Tarlochan Singh Kler]]

===Physics===
*[[Manjit Singh (armament scientist)]]
* [[Narinder Singh Kapany]], physicist, specializing in fiber optics. He was named as one of the seven "Unsung Heroes" by ''[[Fortune Magazine]]'' in its ''Businessmen of the Century'' (November 22, 1999) edition.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
*[[Piara Singh Gill]]

==Architects==
*[[Ram Singh (architect)|Ram Singh]], one of pre-partition Punjab's foremost architects

==Artists==
===Actors===
====Punjabi Cinema====
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Ammy Virk]]
* [[Amrinder Gill]]
* [[Anurag Singh (director)|Anurag Singh]]
* [[Babbu Maan]]
* [[Baljit Singh Deo]]
* [[Binnu Dhillon]]
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
* [[Gippy Grewal]]
* [[Gugu Gill]]
* [[Gurdaas Maan]]
* [[Gurpreet Ghuggi]]
* [[Harbhajan Mann]]
* [[Harry Baweja]]
* [[Jasmin Bhasin]]
* [[Jaspal Bhatti]]
* [[Jaswinder Bhalla]]
* [[Jimmy Shergill]]
* [[Kulraj Randhawa]]
* [[Mahi Gill]]
* [[Mandy Takhar]]
* [[Neeru Bajwa]]
* [[Rana Ranbir]]
* [[Shavinder Mahal]]
* [[Sidhu Moosewala]]
* [[Simran Kaur Mundi]]
* [[Smeep Kang]]
* [[Sonam Bajwa]]
* [[Sonia Anand]]
* [[Surveen Chawla]]
* [[Yograj Singh]]
* [[Yuvraj Hans]]{{div col end}}

====Bollywood====
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

*[[Gippy Grewal]]
*[[Honey Singh]]
*[[Manjot Singh]]
*[[Minissha Lamba]]
*[[Navneet Kaur Dhillon]]
*[[Sunny Leone]]
*[[Geeta Bali]]
*[[Gracy Singh]]
*[[Gulzar]]
*[[Guru Randhawa]]
*[[Jagjit Singh]]
*[[Jaspal Bhatti]]
*[[Jesse Randhawa]]
*[[Jimmy Shergill]]
*[[Joginder]]
*[[Kabir Bedi]]
*[[Kanwaljit Singh (actor)|Kanwaljit Singh]]
*[[Kuldip Kaur]]
*[[Kulraj Randhawa]]
*[[Mangal Dhillon]]
*[[Manjot Singh]]
*[[Neetu Singh]]
*[[Neha Dhupia]]
*[[Poonam Dhillon]]
*[[Priya Gill]]
*[[Priya Rajvansh]]
*[[Swaran Lata (actress)|Swaran Lata]]
*[[Taapsee Pannu]]
*[[Yogeeta Bali]]
*[[Parmeet Sethi]]
{{div col end}}

====Telugu Cinema====
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Rakul Preet Singh]]
*[[Charmy Kaur]]
*[[Mehreen Pirzada]]
*[[Taapsee Pannu]]
{{div col end}}

====British====
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Ameet Chana]] – Actor
* [[Amy Maghera]] – Professional model turned actress
* [[Chandeep Uppal]] – Starred as Meena Kumar in the film ''[[Anita and Me (film)|Anita and Me]]''.
* [[Jassa Ahluwalia]] – Actor and presenter
* [[Kulvinder Ghir]]<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/08_august/13/sikhs.shtml Press Office – Sikhs and the City]. BBC (2004-08-13). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091003182649/http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/desidownload/ Podcasts – Desi Download]. BBC. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
* [[Lena Kaur]] – Best known for her role as [[Leila Roy]] in Channel 4's [[Hollyoaks]]
* [[Mandip Gill]] – Actress
* [[Parminder Nagra]]<ref>[http://www.celebrityweddingbuzz.com/celebrity_weddings/2009/01/er-star-parminder-nagra-weds-in-traditional-sikh-ceremony.html Celebrity Weddings: “ER” Star Parminder Nagra Weds in Traditional Sikh Ceremony] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202024609/http://www.celebrityweddingbuzz.com/celebrity_weddings/2009/01/er-star-parminder-nagra-weds-in-traditional-sikh-ceremony.html |date=2010-02-02 }}. Celebrityweddingbuzz.com (2009-01-29). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
* [[Simon Rivers]] – English actor who played the role of [[Kevin Tyler (Doctors)|Kevin Tyler]] in Doctors
* [[Stephen Uppal]] – Known for playing Ravi Roy in the British soap ''[[Hollyoaks]]''
{{div col end}}

====Others====
* [[Kabir Bedi]]
* [[Satinder Sartaaj]]
* [[Tarsem Singh]]

===Comedians===
[[File:LillySingh.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Lilly Singh]] became the first person of Indian descent to host an American major broadcast network late-night talk show, hosting [[A Little Late with Lilly Singh]] on [[NBC]] from 2019 to 2021.<ref name="first">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/youtube-star-lilly-singh-set-become-first-bisexual-late-night-n983896 |title=YouTube star Lilly Singh set to become first bisexual late-night host |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=NBC News |language=en |access-date=March 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320054532/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/youtube-star-lilly-singh-set-become-first-bisexual-late-night-n983896 |archive-date=March 20, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/singh-talk-show-1.5280121 |title='All these people have my back:' celebs support Lilly Singh's talk show debut |date=September 11, 2019 |publisher=[[CBC News]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921204340/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/singh-talk-show-1.5280121 |archive-date=September 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/lilly-singh-late-night-show/ |title=YouTube Star Lilly Singh is the First Woman of Indian-Origin to Host a U.S. Late Night Show - |date=March 16, 2019 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] India |language=en-US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011135558/https://rollingstoneindia.com/lilly-singh-late-night-show/ |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=October 11, 2019}}</ref>]]
* [[Paul Chowdhry]] – Comedian and actor
*[[Lilly Singh]]
*[[Jus Reign]]
*[[Jaspal Bhatti]]

===Directors===
[[File:Dhar Mann Updated (cropped).jpg|130px|thumb|[[Dhar Mann]] is known for his video production company, Dhar Mann Studios, that creates short films for social media platforms such as YouTube.]]
*[[Dhar Mann]]
*[[Vikkstar123]]
*[[Gurinder Chadha]]<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_032603a.html Biographies – Gurinder Chadha: Bender of Rules]. The Sikh Times (2003-03-26). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.sikhnet.com/-arts/gurinder-chadha-va-sikh-treasures Gurinder Chadha at the V&A : Sikh Treasures.]. SikhNet (2008-07-21). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.sikhchic.com/film_stage/sikhbriton_filmmaker_gurinder_chadha_is_back The Art and Culture of the Diaspora | Sikh-Briton Filmmaker Gurinder Chadha is Back!]. sikhchic.com (2009-05-14). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Param Gill]]
* [[Perry Bhandal]] – Film director, screenwriter
*[[Namrata Singh Gujral]]<ref>[http://www.sikhchic.com/article-detail.php?id=55&cat=12 The Art and Culture of the Diaspora | Breaking the Mold: Namrata Singh Gujral]. sikhchic.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.perfectpeople.net/biography/5700/namrata-singh-gujral.htm Namrata Singh Gujral Biography]. Perfect People (1976-02-26). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>

===Fashion===
* Amarjot Kaur<ref name="Indiatimes.com 2015">{{cite web | title=Amarjot Kaur - Femina Miss India Chandigarh Contestants | website=Indiatimes.com | date=20 August 2015 | url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/photoshow/17568937.cms?curpg=3 | access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[Harnaaz Kaur Sandhu]], Punjabi beauty pageant titleholder and model who was crowned [[Miss Universe 2021]]
* [[Hasleen Kaur]]
* [[Jesse Randhawa]], Bollywood model
* [[Kuljeet Randhawa]]
* [[Mahek Chahal]]
* [[Mandira Bedi]]
* [[Navneet Kaur Dhillon]]
* [[Neha Kapur]]
* [[Neelam Gill]], [[Burberry]]
* [[Gurleen Chopra]], model<ref name="The Independent 2014">{{cite news | title=Burberry enlists first Indian model Neelam Gill as its new beauty muse | website=The Independent | date=22 August 2014 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/features/burberry-enlists-first-indian-model-as-its-new-beauty-muse-9685846.html | access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref>
* [[Simran Kaur Mundi]]
* [[Sonam Bajwa|Sonampreet Bajwa]]
*[[Waris Ahluwalia]]

===Other artists===
* [[Vishavjit Singh]], American cartoonist

==Musicians==
=== Punjabi music ===
* [[Amar Singh Chamkila]]
* [[Amrinder Gill]]
* [[AP Dhillon]] singer, rapper and record producer associated with Punjabi music
* [[Apna Sangeet]]
* [[Asa Singh Mastana]]
* [[B21 (band)|B21]] (Bally and Bhota Jagpal)
* [[Babbu Mann]]
* [[Balkar Sidhu]]
* [[Bally Sagoo]]
* [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
* [[Bobby Friction]]
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
* [[Dr. Zeus]]
* [[Garry Sandhu]]
* [[Gippy Grewal]]
* [[Gurdas Maan|Gurdas Mann]]
* [[Gurinder Gill]]
* [[Gurnam Bhullar]]
* [[Guru Randhawa]]
* [[Harbhajan Mann]]
* [[Hard Kaur]]
* [[Harrdy Sandhu]]
* [[Honey Singh]]
* [[Jas Mann]] (with [[Babylon Zoo]])
* [[Jasmine Sandlas]]
* [[Jaspinder Narula]]
* [[Jass Manak]]
* [[Jassie Gill]]
* [[Jaz Dhami]]
* [[Jazzy B]]
* [[Juggy D]]<ref>[http://www.desiparty.com/content/content.aspx?GetArticle=1&ArticleID=5&BackURL=/content/ContentHome.aspx Content|Juggy D profile] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709014856/http://www.desiparty.com/content/content.aspx?GetArticle=1&ArticleID=5&BackURL=%2Fcontent%2FContentHome.aspx |date=2011-07-09 }}, DesiParty.com;m retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref>
* [[Kamal Heer]]
* [[Kanth Kaler]]
* [[Karan Aujla]]
* [[Kuldeep Manak]]
* [[Labh Janjua]]
* [[Lal Chand Yamla Jatt]]
* [[Lehmber Hussainpuri]]
* [[Malkit Singh]]
* [[Manmohan Waris]]
* [[Miss Pooja]]
* [[Narinder Biba]]
* [[Nimrat Khaira]]
* [[Panjabi MC]]
* [[Prem Dhillon]]
* [[Rabbi Shergill]]
* [[Ravinder Grewal]]
* [[Rishi Rich]]<ref>[http://www.desihits.com/celebs/view/Rishi+Rich Rishi Rich]. Desihits.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://singhisking.co.uk/?p=213 Rishi rich] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110222629/http://singhisking.co.uk/?p=213 |date=2010-01-10 }}. Singh is King.co.uk (2008-12-29); retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref>
* [[Roshan Prince]]
* [[Sahotas]]
* [[Sangtar]]
* [[Satinder Sartaaj]]
* [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
* [[Shehnaaz Gill]]
* [[Sidhu Moose Wala]] Indian rapper, singer-songwriter
* [[Snatam Kaur]]
* [[Sukhbir (musician)|Sukhbir]]
* [[Surinder Kaur]]
* [[Surinder Shinda]]
* [[Surjit Bindrakhia]]
* [[Tarsame Singh Saini]] AKA "Taz"
* [[Tarsem Jassar]]
* [[Uttam Singh]]

=== English music ===
[[File:JaySean-3110.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Kamaljit Singh Jhooti]] (better known by his stage name Jay Sean) became the first [[South Asian]] to top the [[Billboard Hot 100]] in 2009 with his single [[Down (Jay Sean song)|''Down'']].<ref>{{citation|title=Jay Sean's the Urban US legend|work=Daily Mirror|date=10 October 2009|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/10/10/jay-sean-s-the-urban-us-legend-115875-21736136/|access-date=30 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013001217/http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/10/10/jay-sean-s-the-urban-us-legend-115875-21736136/|archive-date=13 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
*[[Jay Sean]]
*[[NAV (rapper)]]
[[File:Nav Denver Co May 7th.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Navraj Singh Goraya]] (better known by his stage name NAV) topped the [[Billboard Hot 200]] in 2019 with his album [[Bad Habits (Nav album)|''Bad Habits'']].]]

===Visual arts===
*[[Amrita Sher-Gil]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/arts/amritashergil/amritashergill.html|title=Untitled Document|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref><ref>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/art-culture/amrita-sher-gill.html Amrita Sher-Gill]. Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Aman Singh Gulati]]
*[[Sobha Singh (painter)|Sobha Singh]]
*[[S. G. Thakur Singh]]
*[[Sohan Singh]]

=== Hindi music ===
* [[Arijit Singh]]
* [[Asees Kaur]]
* [[Daler Mehndi]]
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]]
* [[Guru Randhawa]]
*[[Hans Raj Hans]]
* [[Harrdy Sandhu]]
*[[Harshdeep Kaur]]
* [[Honey Singh]]
* [[Jagjit Singh]]
* [[Jasleen Royal]]
* [[Mika Singh]]
* [[Neha Kakkar]]
* [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
* [[Badshah (rapper)]]

==Writers==
*[[Ranj Dhaliwal]]
*[[Harbans Singh]]
*[[Jodh Singh]]
*[[Sant Isher Singh]]
*[[Rattan Singh Bhangu]]
*[[Max Arthur Macauliffe]]
*[[Khushwant Singh]]
*[[Tavleen Singh]]
*[[Sathnam Sanghera]]
*[[Jagjit Singh Dardi]] ([[Punjab Rattan]])

=== Punjabi, Hindi and Urdu ===
*[[Rajkavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi]]
*[[Bhai Gurdas]]
*[[Nanak Singh]]
*[[Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha]]
*[[Bhai Vir Singh]]
*[[Rajinder Singh Bedi]]
*[[Jaswant Neki]]
*[[Rupinderpal Singh Dhillon]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh (poet)|Harbhajan Singh]]
*[[Harcharan Singh (writer)|Harcharan Singh]] (playwright)
*[[Jaswant Singh Kanwal]]
*[[Amrita Pritam]], [[Padma Vibhushan]]
*[[Dalip Kaur Tiwana]]
*[[Kulwant Singh Virk]]
*[[Sahib Singh]]
*[[Pritam Saini]]

=== English ===
[[File:Rupi Kaur by Baljit Singh.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Rupi Kaur]] is a [[New York Times Bestselling]] poet.]]
*[[Rupi Kaur]]
*[[Bali Rai]]
*[[Jaspreet Singh]]
*[[Khushwant Singh]], [[Padma Vibhushan]]
*[[Dayal Kaur Khalsa]]
*[[Ranj Dhaliwal]]
*[[Shauna Singh Baldwin]]
*[[Indu Banga]]
*[[Upinder Singh]]

==Athletes==

===Running===
[[File:Milkha Singh.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Milkha Singh]]]]
*[[Milkha Singh]],<ref>[http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sports/milkha.html Sikh Sports personality Flying Sikh Milkha Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225164938/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sports/milkha.html |date=2015-02-25 }}. Sikh-history.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/sports/milkha-singh.html Milkha Singh]. Mapsofindia.com; retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[https://www.rediff.com/sports/2000/sep/08milka.htm Olympics Special: Milkha Singh on the race of his life]. Rediff.com; retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.sadapunjab.com/cv/Literature_On_Punjab/PUNJAB/Milkha_Singh_The_Flying_Sikh/index0.html Milkha Singh The Flying Sikh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324114916/http://www.sadapunjab.com/cv/Literature_On_Punjab/PUNJAB/Milkha_Singh_The_Flying_Sikh/index0.html |date=2010-03-24 }}. Sadapunjab.com; retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Ranjit Bhatia]]
*[[Gurbachan Singh Randhawa]]
*[[Kamaljeet Sandhu]]
*[[Fauja Singh]],<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_041904a.html Biographies – Fauja Singh: "I Run While Talking to God"]. The Sikh Times (2004-04-19); retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref> centenarian marathon runner

===Basketball===
*[[Nav Bhatia]], businessman, First Sikh with NBA Championship Ring
*[[Sim Bhullar]], Canadian professional basketball player<ref>{{cite news|last1=Magagnini|first1=Stephen|title=Region's Sikhs rally behind Kings rookie Sim Bhullar|url=https://www.sacbee.com/sports/nba/sacramento-kings/article17482079.html|access-date=2 June 2016|work=[[Sacramento Bee]]|date=April 5, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Satnam Singh Bhamara]]

[[File:Harry Dhami.jpg|thumb|upright|Harry Dhami]]

===Boxing===
*[[Harry Dhami]] - British professional boxer, British welterweight champion 2000-2001. First Asian to win a British Title. Undefeated Southern Area Champion 1996-2000
*[[Andrew Kooner|Andrew Singh Kooner]] - Former bantamweight champion of Canada
*[[Akaash Bhatia]] - British featherweight professional boxer
*[[Sukhdeep Singh Chakria]] - Canadian middleweight boxer

===Cycling===
*[[Alexi Grewal]], Olympic Gold medalist<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/books_060803a.html Book Reviews – The Many Faces of the Sikh Diaspora]. The Sikh Times (2003-06-08). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030308/windows/note.htm The Tribune – Windows – Taking note]. Tribuneindia.com (2003-03-08). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> (1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles)

===Cricket===
*[[Amar Virdi]] - cricketer for [[Surrey County Cricket Club]]
*[[Anureet Singh]]
*[[Arshdeep Singh (cricketer)|Arshdeep Singh]] - cricketer for India's national team<ref>{{cite web|title=How 'the kid who wanted the world' is taking it by storm|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/124458/how-the-kid-who-wanted-the-world-is-taking-it-by-storm|access-date=3 January 2025|date=1 January 2025|website=Cricbuzz}}</ref>
*[[Balwinder Sandhu]]
*[[Bhupinder Singh, Sr.]]
*[[Bishan Singh Bedi]] - former cricketer and captain for India's national team
*[[Gurkeerat Singh Mann]]
*[[Gursharan Singh]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh]]
*[[Gurinder Sandhu]] - member of Australia cricket team
*[[Harvinder Singh (cricketer)|Harvinder Singh]]<ref name="sikhtimes.com">[http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_100706b.html News and Analysis – Harbhajan Apologizes for Letting Hair Down, Slams S.G.P.C]. The Sikh Times (2006-10-07); retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Ish Sodhi]] - member of New Zealand cricket team
*[[Jasprit Bumrah]] - Indian cricketer, regarded as one of the best bowlers in modern-day cricket.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bumrah's phenomenal 2024:Redefining fast bowling excellence|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/132968/bumrahs-phenomenal-2024-redefining-fast-bowling-excellence|access-date=3 January 2025|date=1 January 2025|website=Cricbuzz}}</ref>
*[[Mandeep Singh]]
*[[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]]
*[[Manpreet Gony]]
[[File:Monty Panesar (2014) (02).jpg|thumb|Monty Panesar, former cricketer for England's national team|150px]]
*[[Monty Panesar]] - former cricketer for England's National Team<ref>[http://www.biographyonline.net/sport/monty_panesar.html Monty Panesar Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607124042/http://www.biographyonline.net/sport/monty_panesar.html |date=2010-06-07 }}, Biographyonline.net; retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref> member of English cricket team
*[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] - former cricketer for India's national team
*[[Ravi Bopara]]<ref>[https://www.cricketnirvana.com/players/england/ravi-bopara.html Ravi Bopara], Cricketnirvana.com; retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref> - member of English cricket team
*[[Reetinder Sodhi]]
*[[Sarandeep Singh]]
*[[Simi Singh]] - cricketer for Ireland national team
*[[Simranjit Singh]]
*[[Shubman Gill]]
*[[Sukhdeep Singh (cricketer)|Sukhdeep Singh]] - cricketer for Kenya national team
*[[Sunny Sohal]]
*[[Tanveer Sangha]] - member of Australia cricket team
*[[Vikramjit Singh]] - cricketer for Netherlands national team
*[[V. R. V. Singh]]
*[[Yograj Singh]]
*[[Yuvraj Singh]] - former cricketer for India's national team

===Equestrian===
*[[Amarinder Singh]]

===Football===
*[[Manprit Sarkaria]] - Footballer for [[SK Sturm Graz]] in [[Austrian Football Bundesliga]]. He was named in the Team of the Year for [[2021–22 Austrian Football Bundesliga|2021-2022 Austrian Bundesliga Season]]
*[[Shaan Hundal]] - Footballer for [[Inter Miami]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://canadasoccer.com/profile/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Canada Soccer |date=21 November 2019 |language=en-CA}}</ref>
*[[Yan Dhanda]] - Footballer for [[Ross County F.C.]]
*[[Rikki Bains]] - Footballer for [[Bedworth United]]
*[[Danny Batth]] - Footballer for [[Sunderland A.F.C.]] Previously played for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Stoke City]], [[Middlesbrough F.C.]]
*[[Mal Benning]] - Footballer for [[Port Vale F.C.]]
*[[Gurdev Singh Gill (footballer)|Gurdev Singh Gill]] - Former footballer for [[India national football team]]
*[[Arjan Raikhy]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Twitter Status |url=https://twitter.com/arjanraikhy20/status/1382419105937043460 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> - Footballer for [[Aston Villa]]
*[[Harpal Singh]] - Former footballer for [[Leeds United]]
*[[Harmeet Singh (footballer)|Harmeet Singh]] - Former [[Norwegians|Norwegian]] international footballer
*[[Inder Singh (footballer)|Inder Singh]] - Former footballer for [[JCT FC]]
*[[Roger Verdi]] - Former [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] footballer
*[[Jazz Juttla]] - Former footballer for [[Greenock Morton F.C.]]
*[[Jarnail Singh (referee)|Jarnail Singh]] - Former [[English Football League]] referee<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-01-04 |title=Singh Gill is Premier League's first Sikh assistant referee |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/singh-gill-is-premier-leagues-first-sikh-assistant-referee-2023-01-04/ |access-date=2023-05-11}}</ref>
*[[Jagvir Singh]] - [[Denmark|Danish]] footballer

===Golf===
*[[Jyoti Randhawa]]<ref name="hindustantimes.com">[http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/viewscolumnskhushwantsingh/Rooting-for-the-turban/Article1-518784.aspx Rooting for the turban] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419065529/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/viewscolumnskhushwantsingh/Rooting-for-the-turban/Article1-518784.aspx |date=2010-04-19 }}. Hindustan Times (2010-03-14); retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Arjun Atwal]]<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
*[[Gaganjeet Bhullar]]<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>
*[[Ashbeer Saini]]
*[[Jeev Milkha Singh]]

===Hockey===
====Ice hockey====
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Arshdeep Bains]] - Prospect of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League
*[[Jujhar Khaira]] - Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Chicago Blackhawks in [[NHL]].
{{div col end}}

====Field hockey====
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Avtar Singh Sohal]]
*[[Balbir Singh Dosanjh]]
*[[Harvinder Singh Kular]]
*[[Harvinder Singh Marwa]]
*[[Harmanpreet Singh]]
*[[Ravi Kahlon]]
*[[Ajit Pal Singh]]
*[[Baljeet Singh Saini]]
*[[Baljit Singh Dhillon]]
*[[Balwant (Bal) Singh Saini]]
[[File:Jagbir & Sandeep Singh.jpg|thumb|Jagbir Singh (L) and Sandeep Singh (R), Indian professional field hockey player|150px]]
*[[Jagbir Singh]]
*[[Gagan Ajit Singh]]
*[[Garewal Singh]]
*[[Gurdev Singh (field hockey)|Gurdev Singh Kullar]]
*[[Kulbir Bhaura]]
*[[Paramjit Bahia]] – field hockey Canada<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikhs in Hockey {{!}} Canada {{!}} World Cup {{!}} Paramjit Bahia |url=https://www.sikhsinhockey.com/Default.aspx?id=595214 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.sikhsinhockey.com}}</ref>
*[[Pargat Singh]]
*[[Prabhjot Singh (field hockey)|Prabhjot Singh]]
*[[Prithipal Singh]]
*[[Ramandeep Singh (field hockey, born 1971)|Ramandeep Singh]]
*[[Surjit Singh Randhawa]]
*[[Sardar Singh]]
*[[Sandeep Singh]]
{{div col end}}

===Mixed martial arts===

====Muay Thai====
*[[Kash Gill]]

===Powerlifting===
*[[Rajinder Singh Rahelu]], Sikh paralympian and also 2004 Athens bronze medalist

===Rally===
* [[Joginder Singh (rally driver)|Joginder Singh]], won the Safari Rally three times, in 1965 driving a Volvo PV544 with his brother Jaswant as co-driver, and in 1974 and 1976. A Kenyan known as "The Flying Sikh"
*[[Karamjit Singh]], PRWC champion 2002, Asia Pacific Rally Championship champion 2001. A Malaysian known as the "Flying Sikh"

===Rugby===
*[[Tosh Masson]]

===Shooting===
*[[Abhinav Bindra]],<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/><ref>[http://worldsikhnews.com/6%20August%202008/Sikh%20shooter%20wins%20first%20ever%20individual%20gold%20for%20India%20at%20Olympics.htm WSN-Sports News-Sikh shooter wins first ever individual gold for India at Olympics]. Worldsikhnews.com (2008-08-11). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.sikhnet.com/daily-news/sikhs-shoot Sikhs that shoot]. SikhNet (2008-08-13); retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[https://www.nriinternet.com/NRIsports/INDIA/A_Z/B/Abhinav_Bindra_1/1_Won_Gold-Medal.htm Abhinav Bindra won the gold medal]. Nriinternet.com; retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref> Olympic gold medalist in shooting
*[[Avneet Sidhu]], Commonwealth Games medalist in shooting
*[[Manavjit Singh Sandhu]], world champion in shooting
*[[Heena Sidhu]], world champion in shooting

=== Skateboarding ===

* [[PJ Ladd]], American professional skateboarder

===Swimming===
*[[Pamela Rai]], 1984 Olympic bronze medalist, 1986 Commonwealth Games gold medalist

===Wrestling===
*[[Amar Dhesi]] - Canadian freestyle wrestler in 125&nbsp;kg Class
*[[Dara Singh]] - Former wrestler and inducted in WWE Legacy Class in 2018
*[[Tiger Joginder Singh]]
*[[Randhawa (wrestler)|Randhawa]]
*[[Tiger Jeet Singh]]<ref>[http://www.garywill.com/wrestling/canada/singh.htm PAGE OF FAME: Tiger Jeet Singh]. Garywill.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[https://in.rediff.com/sports/2005/may/05sspec.htm Tiger Singh: Most feared man in Japan – Rediff Sports]. In.rediff.com (2005-05-05); retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.sceneandheard.ca/article.php?id=1080&morgue=1 SceneandHeard.ca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505075751/http://www.sceneandheard.ca/article.php?id=1080&morgue=1 |date=2009-05-05 }}. SceneandHeard.ca. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Dilsher Shanky]] - [[WWE]] wrestler
*[[Jinder Mahal]] - [[WWE]] wrestler and former holder of the WWE Championship
*[[Jasleen Singh Saini]]
*[[Tiger Ali Singh|Gurjit Singh]] - Former [[WWE]] wrestler
*[[Ranjin Singh]]
*[[Gadowar Singh Sahota]]
*[[Arjan Bhullar]]
*[[Tiger Ali Singh]]
*[[Raj Singh (wrestler)]] - Former [[Impact Wrestling]] wrestler

==Business==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
[[File:President Joe Biden meets with newly appointed President of the World Bank Ajay Banga, Thursday, May 4, 2023, in the Oval Office of the White House - P20230504AS-0840.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Ajay Banga]] is [[President of the World Bank Group]].]]
*[[Ajay Banga]], Indian-born American business executive. He is currently the president of the [[World Bank Group]] and was before that executive chairman of [[Mastercard]], after having previously served as president and chief executive officer (CEO) of the company from July 2010 until December 31, 2020
*[[Analjit Singh]], founder/chairman, Max India Limited; chair, Max New York Life Insurance Company Ltd; Max Healthcare Institute Ltd and Max Bupa Health Insurance Company Ltd
* [[Avtar Lit]], founder of Sunrise Radio
* [[Avtar Saini]], microprocessor designer and former vice president of Intel
* [[Baljit Singh Chadha]], Canadian businessman and philanthropist
*[[Bob Singh Dhillon]], founder/CEO, Mainstreet Equity Corp.
*[[Dyal Singh Majithia]], Indian banker
*[[Gurbachan Singh Dhingra]], owner of [[Berger Paints|Berger Paints India]]
*[[Gurbaksh Chahal]], entrepreneur who founded several internet advertising companies<ref>[https://www.sfgate.com/style/article/Advice-from-young-millionaire-Gurbaksh-Chahal-3264414.php Advice from young millionaire Gurbaksh Chahal]. Sfgate.com (2008-10-26). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[H. S. Bedi (entrepreneur)]], telecom
*[[Jasminder Singh]], British businessman
*[[Jessie Singh Saini]], founder of BJS Electronics and American industrialist of Indian descent
*[[Kamel Hothi]], former banker at Lloyds Bank
* [[Kanwal Rekhi]], one of the first Indian entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley
*[[Kuldip Singh Dhingra]], owner of [[Berger Paints|Berger Paints India]]
*[[Kushal Pal Singh]], Chairman and CEO of [[DLF Limited|DLF]]
*[[Malvinder Mohan Singh]], Ranbaxy/Fortis Group
*[[Mohan Singh Oberoi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/ms-oberoi.html|title=M.S. Oberoi Profile|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref>
*[[M. S. Banga]], ex-CEO, Hindustan Lever
*[[Omichund]], Bengali Sikh merchant who participated in the conspiracy against the Nawab of Bengal with the British East India Company
*[[Param Singh (property developer)]], property developer, entrepreneur
*[[Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi]], [[Padma Vibhushan]]
*[[Sanjiv Sidhu]], Founder and President of [[i2 Technologies]], richest Indian on Earth in 2000
*[[Sant Singh Chatwal]],<ref name="forbes.com">[https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0619/078.html Upgrading], Forbes.com; retrieved 14 December 2010</ref> owner of the Bombay Palace chain of restaurants and Hampshire Hotels & Resorts
*[[Satwant Singh]], Le Meridien Hotel, DSS Enterprises, Pure Drink
*[[Shivinder Mohan Singh]], Ranbaxy/Fortis Group
*[[Sobha Singh (builder)]] developer of [[New Delhi]]
*[[Tom Singh]], founder, New Look (Fashion chain)
*[[Trishneet Arora]], author
*[[Vikram Chatwal]], hotelier
{{div col end}}

==Humanitarians==
*[[Bhagat Puran Singh]],<ref>[http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/puransingh.html Read Biography of Bhagat Puran Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726141832/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/puransingh.html |date=2010-07-26 }}. Sikh-history.com (1904-06-04). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://sikhfoundation-store.org/catalog/selfless-life-bhagat-puran-singh-pingalwara-p-236.html A Selfless Life – Bhagat Puran Singh of Pingalwara: A Selfless Life – Bhagat Puran Singh of Pingalwara] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728022610/http://sikhfoundation-store.org/catalog/selfless-life-bhagat-puran-singh-pingalwara-p-236.html |date=2011-07-28 }}. Sikhfoundation-store.org (2009-06-02). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> founder of Pingalwara, Home of Disabled, Amritsar
*[[Bhai Trilochan Singh Panesar]], devoted his life to sewa (service to community and God) and simran (remembrance of God), the two tenets of Sikh life.
*[[Ravi Singh (humanitarian)|Ravi Singh]], CEO, Khalsa Aid
* [[Alex Sangha]], social worker and documentary film producer and Founder of Sher Vancouver
* [[Gurdev Singh Gill (physician)|Gurdev Singh Gill]], Canadian physician, community leader, and activist, of Indian origin

==Military==
===Indian Army===
* [[General (India)|General]] [[Joginder Jaswant Singh]], former [[Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army]].
* [[General (India)|General]] [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1952)|Bikram Singh]], former [[Chief of Army Staff of Indian Army]].
* [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Bikram Singh (general, born 1911)|Bikram Singh]], GOC [[XV Corps (India)|XV Corps]], 1960–63
* [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Harbaksh Singh]], [[Padma Vibhushan]] led Indian Army in [[Indo-Pak War of 1965]]
* [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Joginder Singh Dhillon]] led Indian Army in [[Indo-Pak War of 1965]]
* [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]], led Indian Amy in [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]]

===Indian Navy===
* [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Karambir Singh]]
* [[Vice admiral (India)|Vice Admiral]] [[Surinder Pal Singh Cheema]]

===Indian Air Force===
* [[Marshal of the Indian Air Force]] [[Arjan Singh]], former [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]], [[Indian Air Force]], [[Padma Vibhushan]].<ref>[https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/defence/marshal-arjan-singh.html Marshal Arjan Singh]. Mapsofindia.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
* [[Air Chief Marshal]] [[Dilbagh Singh]], former Chief, [[Indian Air Force]].
*[[Air Chief Marshal]] [[Birender Singh Dhanoa]], former Chief, [[Indian Air Force]].
*[[Air Chief Marshal]] [[Amar Preet Singh]]
*[[Harjit Singh Arora]]
*[[Trilochan Singh Brar]]
*[[Kulwant Singh Gill]]
*[[Jasjit Singh (IAF officer)|Jasjit Singh]]
*[[Jagjeet Singh]]
*[[Flying Officer]] [[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]], [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]

===Singaporean Army and Navy===
* General [[Ravinder Singh (general)|Ravinder Singh]]
* [[Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|Pritam Singh]]
*Colonel [[Gurcharan Singh Sekhon]]

===Sikhs In US Military===
* [[Bhagat Singh Thind]]
* [[Uday Singh Taunque]]

===Military Gallantry Award Winners===

====British Indian Army====

=====Victoria Cross=====
*[[Ishar Singh]], first [[Sikh]] to receive the [[Victoria Cross]]
*[[Nand Singh]]
*[[Gian Singh (soldier)|Gian Singh]]
*[[Parkash Singh]]
*[[Karamjeet Singh Judge]]

====Indian Armed Forces====

=====Param Veer Chakra=====
*[[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]], only Indian Air Force officer to be awarded Param Vir Chakra
*[[Subedar]] [[Bana Singh]]
*[[Karam Singh]]
*[[Joginder Singh Sahnan]]

=====Mahavir Chakra=====
*[[Dewan Ranjit Rai]], first Indian to receive Mahavir Chakra
*Brigadier [[Rajendra Singh (brigadier)|Rajinder Singh]]
*[[Rajinder Singh Sparrow]]
*[[Sant Singh]]
*[[Ranjit Singh Dyal]]
*Brigadier [[Kuldip Singh Chandpuri]], known for his heroic leadership in the famous [[Battle of Longewala]]
*Major General [[Kulwant Singh Pannu]]

==Sikh General==
* [[Baba Gurditta]], son of Guru Hargobind (sixth Sikh guru), and father of Guru Har Rai (seventh Sikh guru) of Sikhism
* [[Bidhi Chand]], Sikh religious preacher and military commander
* [[Baba Banda Singh Bahadur]], commander of [[Khalsa]] army
* [[Binod Singh]], army man and disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was among few Sikhs who accompanied him to Nanded in 1706
* [[Baj Singh]], also known as Baj Bahadur; Sikh general, governor, scholar and martyr
* [[Fateh Singh (Sikh warrior)|Fateh Singh]], warrior in Sikh history; known for beheading Wazir Khan who was the Mughal Governor of Sirhind, administering a territory of the Mughal Empire between the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers
* [[Hari Singh Nalwa|Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa]], Commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Fauj, the army of the Sikh Empire
* [[Mahan Singh Mirpuri|Raja Mahan Singh Mirpuri]], famous general in the Sikh Khalsa Army, and was the second-in-command General to General Hari Singh Nalwa
* [[Khushal Singh Jamadar|Raja Khushal Singh Jamadar]], military officer and chamberlain of the Sikh Empire
* [[Sahib Singh Bedi|Baba Sahib Singh Bedi]]
* [[Bhai Maharaj Singh]]

==Monarchs==
===Sikh Empire===
* [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab, a founder of the [[Sikh Empire]], also a Misldar of [[Sukerchakia Misl]]
* [[Maharaja Kharak Singh]], second emperor of the [[Sikh Empire]]
* [[Nau Nihal Singh|Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh]], third emperor of the Sikh Empire
* [[Sher Singh|Maharaja Sher Singh]], fourth maharaja of the Sikh Empire
* [[Maharaja Dalip Singh|Maharaja Duleep Singh]], last Emperor of the Sikh Empire

=== [[Misl]] Period Rulers ===
* [[Nawab Kapur Singh]], oraganizer of [[Sikh Confederacy]] and [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh Army)|Dal Khalsa]], He was also a Founder of [[Singhpuria Misl]]
* [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]], Sikh leader of during the [[Sikh Confederacy]] and ruler of [[Ahluwalia Misl]]
* [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]], Sikh leader during the period of [[Sikh Confederacy]] and founder of [[Ramgarhia Misl]]
* [[Baba Deep Singh]], one of the most hallowed martyrs in the history of Sikhs, he was also a founder of [[Shaheedan Misl]]
* [[Charat Singh]], father of [[Mahan Singh]], and the grandfather of [[Ranjit Singh]]; he was the founder of [[Sukerchakia Misl]]
* [[Maha Singh]], second chief of [[Sukerchakia Misl]]. He was the eldest son of [[Charat Singh]]. He was the father of [[Ranjit Singh]]
* [[Jodh Singh Ramgarhia]], second ruler of the [[Ramgarhia Misl]]
* [[Phulkian sardars|Phul Singh Sidhu]], founder of the [[Phulkian Misl]]
* [[Hari Singh Dhillon]], ruler of [[Bhangi Misl]], one of the most powerful rulers of Punjab during Misl period
* [[Bhuma Singh Dhillon]], ruler of [[Bhangi Misl]]
* [[Jhanda Singh Dhillon]], Chief of Bhangi Misl; under his leadership the Dhillon family became the dominant de facto ruling power of Punjab.
* [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]], founder of [[Kanhaiya Misl]]
* [[Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya]], second chief of [[Kanhaiya Misl]]. He was the eldest son of [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] And the father of Maharani [[Mehtab Kaur]]
* [[Sada Kaur]] was the chief of [[Kanhaiya Misl]] and the mother-in-law of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]
* [[Baghel Singh]], ruler of the [[Singh Krora Misl]]
* [[Sardar Gulab Singh]], founder of [[Dallewalia Misl]]
* [[Heera Singh Sandhu]], founder of [[Nakai Misl]]
* [[Ran Singh Nakai]], third ruler of [[Nakai Misl]]
* [[Karmo Kaur]], regent of [[Nakai Misl]]
* [[Datar Kaur|Datar Kaur Sandhu]], princess of [[Nakai Misl]]
* [[Kahan Singh Nakai]], last ruler of the [[Nakai Misl]]

== Revolutionaries and freedom fighters==
*[[Bhai Maharaj Singh]]
*[[Bhai Randhir Singh]]
*[[Baba Gurdit Singh]]
*[[Baba Gurmukh Singh]]
*[[Baldev Singh]]
*[[Bhagat Singh]], also known as "Shaheed-e-Azam",<ref>[http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/bhagat.html Shaheed-e-Azam Bhagat Singh]. Sikh-history.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> was a charismatic Indian socialist revolutionary whose acts of dramatic violence against the British in India and execution at age 23 made him a folk hero of the Indian independence movement
*[[Captain Mohan Singh]]
*[[Gurdan Saini]]
*[[Kartar Singh Sarabha]],<ref>[http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sarabha.html Kartar Singh Sarabha]. Sikh-history.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.searchsikhism.com/sarabha.html Sikh Martyrs – Kartar Singh Sarabha] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404004508/http://www.searchsikhism.com/sarabha.html |date=2010-04-04 }}. Searchsikhism.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> Indian Sikh revolutionary and the most active member of the [[Ghadar Party]]
*[[Labh Singh Saini]]
*[[Teja Singh Samundri]]
*[[Udham Singh]]<ref>[http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/udhams.html Shaheed Udham Singh]. Sikh-history.com. Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref>
*[[Harnam Singh Saini]]
*[[Sardul Singh Kavishar]]
*[[Sardar Ajit Singh]], Indian revolutionary, uncle of sardar [[Bhagat Singh]]
*[[Dharam Singh Hayatpur]], Indian revolutionary, prominent member of the [[Sikh]] political and religious group the [[Babbar Akali Movement]] in India
*[[Kartar Singh Jhabbar]], Indian revolutionary, [[Sikh]] leader known for his role in the [[Gurdwara Reform Movement]] of the 1920s
*[[Ripudaman Singh]], Indian revolutionary
*[[Baba Kharak Singh]]
*[[Bhai Balmukund]], Indian revolutionary freedom fighter
*[[Ram Singh (activist)|Ram Singh]], credited as being the first [[Indian people|Indian]] to use non-cooperation and boycott of British merchandise and services as a political weapon.
*[[Kishan Singh Gargaj]]
*[[Sohan Singh Bhakna]], Indian revolutionary, the founding president of the [[Ghadar Party]]
*[[Sohan Singh Josh]], Indian communist activist and freedom fighter
*[[Diwan Mulraj Chopra]]
*[[Gulab Kaur]]
*[[Sunder Singh Lyallpuri]], a General of [[Akali Movement]]
*[[Maya Singh Saini]]
*[[Jagbir Singh Chhina]]
*[[Sadhu Singh Hamdard]], well-known freedom fighter and the journalist of Punjab
*[[Darshan Singh Pheruman]], Indian freedom fighter, Sikh activist and politician
*[[Jaswant Singh Rahi]]
*[[Giani Ditt Singh]]
*[[Ganda Singh]], prominent member of the Ghadar Party
*[[Teja Singh Swatantar]]
*[[Sukhwinder Singh Sangha]]
*[[Ishar Singh Marhana]], Ghadr revolutionary

==Politicians==
===India===
[[File:Stamp of India - 1995 - Colnect 163737 - Giani Zail Singh former President - Commemoration.jpeg|130px|thumb|[[Zail Singh]] ]]
[[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Manmohan Singh]] ]]
*[[Amarinder Singh]] former [[chief minister]] of [[Punjab India|Punjab]]
*[[Baldev Singh]], first [[Minister of Defence (India)|defence minister]] of India 1947-1952
*[[Bhagwant Maan]] current [[chief Minister]] of [[Punjab India|Punjab]]
*[[Buta Singh]]
*[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
*[[Darbara Singh]]
*[[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]]
*[[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]]
*[[Gurmukh Singh Musafir]], [[Padma Vibhushan]], Chief Minister of Punjab 1966-1967
*[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
*[[Harsimrat Kaur Badal]]
*[[Manmohan Singh]], served as the only non-[[Hinduism in India|Hindu]] [[Prime Minister of India]] from 2004 to 2014, becoming the first Sikh [[head of government]] in 155 years.<ref>[http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_111405a.html Biographies – Manmohan Singh: Architect of the New India]. The Sikh Times (2005-11-14); retrieved 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEaDKgzcs3gC&dq=father+of+economic+reforms+manmohan&pg=PA46 |title=Manmohan Singh: Visionary to Certainty - K. Bhushan, G. Katyal - Google Books |accessdate=2016-04-02|isbn=9788176486941 |last1=Bhushan |first1=K. |last2=Katyal |first2=G. |year=2004 |publisher=APH }}</ref>
*[[M. S. Gill]], [[Padma Vibhushan]], implemented [[electronic voting machines]] as [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]] from 1996 to 2001, presided over [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] and associated [[Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|scandal]] as [[Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)|Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports]] from 2008 to 2011.
*[[Master Tara Singh]]
*[[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]],<ref>[http://www.india-server.com/news/montek-singh-ahluwalia-receives-sikh-of-4795.html Montek Singh Ahluwalia Receives Sikh Of The Year 2008 Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521171756/http://www.india-server.com/news/montek-singh-ahluwalia-receives-sikh-of-4795.html |date=2010-05-21 }}, India-server.com; retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.journalism.co.uk/66/articles/532849.php Mr Montek Singh Ahluwalia confirmed for Sikh Forum Annual Dinner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826075121/http://www.journalism.co.uk/66/articles/532849.php |date=2010-08-26 }}. Journalism.co.uk (2008-11-17). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.sikhnet.com/news/montek-singh-conferred-sikh-year-2008-award Montek Singh conferred 'Sikh of the Year' 2008 award]. SikhNet (2008-11-24). Retrieved on 2010-12-14.</ref> [[Padma Vibhushan]], Deputy Chairman, Planning commission of India
*[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
*[[Nirmal Singh Kahlon]]
*[[Parkash Singh Badal]], [[Padma Vibhushan]]
*[[Pratap Singh Bajwa]]
*[[Pratap Singh Kairon]]
*[[Preneet Kaur|Preneet Kaur Kahlon]]
*[[Rajinder Kaur Bhattal]]
*[[Sant Fateh Singh]]
*[[Sardar Ujjal Singh]], former Governor of Punjab and Tamil Nadu<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Governors|url=http://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/PastGovernors.htm|publisher=[[Raj Bhavan, Chennai]]}}</ref>
*[[Sardul Singh Caveeshar]]
*[[Simranjit Singh Mann]]
*[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
*[[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
*[[Surinder Singh Bajwa]]
*[[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
*[[Swaran Singh]], [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second-longest serving cabinet minister; served as [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] 1964-1966 and 1970-1974 and as [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defense]] 1966-1970 and 1974-1975.
*[[Varinder Singh Bajwa]]
*[[Zail Singh]] served as [[President of India]] from 1982 to 1987, becoming the first Sikh [[head of state]] in 133 years.

===Canada===
[[File:Harjit Sajjan February 2016.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Harjit Sajjan]] ]]
[[File:Jagmeet Singh at the 2nd National Bike Summit - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped v2).jpg|130px|thumb|[[Jagmeet Singh]] ]]
[[File:Uppalmp.png|130px|thumb|[[Tim Uppal]] ]]
* [[Gurbax Singh Malhi]] – former Liberal MP
* [[Amrit Mangat]] – Liberal MPP, Brampton
* [[Gulzar Singh Cheema]] – [[Manitoba]] and [[British Columbia]] Former MLA
* [[Gurmant Grewal]] – former Conservative MP, half (with Nina, listed below)
* [[Manmeet Bhullar|Manmeet Singh Bhullar]] – former Progressive Conservative MLA, Calgary-Greenway, Alberta
* [[Hardial Bains]] – founder and leader of the Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada from 1970–1997
* [[Harinder Takhar]] – Ontario Liberal MPP and [[Minister of Transportation (Ontario)|Minister of Transportation]]
* [[Harry Bains]] – [[British Columbia]] [[New Democratic Party of British Columbia|New Democratic]]
* [[Herb Dhaliwal]] – former Liberal MP and the first Indo-Canadian cabinet minister.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Austen|first=Ian|date=2017-10-02|title=Sikh Becomes Canada's First Nonwhite Political Party Leader|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/01/world/canada/jagmeet-singh-canada-politics.html|access-date=2021-04-28|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Jagmeet Singh]] – Ontario NDP MPP / leader of the Federal New Democratic Party is the first non-[[White Canadian|White]] leader of a major federal political party in Canada, having led the [[New Democratic Party]] since [[2017 New Democratic Party leadership election|2017]]
* [[Vic Dhillon]] – [[Ontario]] [[Liberal Party of Ontario|Liberal]] [[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|MPP]]
* [[Harjit Sajjan]] – Liberal MP, [[Vancouver South (federal electoral district)|Vancouver South]] and [[Minister of National Defence (Canada)]] served as the first non-[[White Canadian|White]] [[Canadian Minister of National Defence]] from 2015 to 2021.
* [[Navdeep Bains]] – Liberal MP, Minister of Education and Science
* [[Amarjeet Sohi]] – Liberal MP, Minister of Infrastructure and Communities
* [[Bardish Chagger]] – Liberal MP, Minister of Small Business and Tourism and leader of the Government in the House of Commons
* [[Ujjal Dosanjh]] – former Premier of British Columbia, former MPP, former federal Minister of Health
* [[Prab Gill]] – MLA, Calgary-Greenway, Alberta
* [[Tim Uppal]] became the first turbaned Sikh Canadian cabinet minister in 2011 and is currently [[Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada|deputy leader of the Conservative Party]].

===Pakistan===

* [[Mahindar Pall Singh]], Sikh MPA, politician and Business man from [[Multan]]

===Fiji===
*[[Ujagar Singh]] Elected to the Legislative Council of Fiji in the 1968, representing the National Federation Party (NFP). He was also a member of independent Fiji's House of Representatives.

===Kenya===
*[[Makhan Singh (trade unionist)]]
*[[Sonia Birdi]]

===Malaysia===
*[[Gobind Singh Deo]] – Democratic Action Party Central Executive Committee, Current Member of Parliament, Minister of Communications and Multimedia
*[[Karpal Singh]] – Chairman of DAP. Member of parliament (aka "Tiger of Jelutong")

===Mauritius===
*[[Kher Jagatsingh]] – Minister of Education and Minister of Planning & Economic Development (1967-1982)

===New Zealand===
*[[Kanwal Singh Bakshi]], Member of Parliament from 2008 (first Indian and first Sikh MP in New Zealand)
*[[Sukhi Turner]], Mayor of Dunedin 1995-2005

===Philippines===

*[[Ramon Bagatsing]]

===Singapore===
[[File:Pritam Singh Singapore 4 (cropped).jpg|130px|thumb|[[Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|Pritam Singh]]]]
*[[Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)|Pritam Singh]] served as [[Singapore]]'s first [[Leader of the Opposition (Singapore)|Leader of the Opposition]] since 2020.

===Thailand===
*[[Santi Thakral]]

===United Kingdom===
* [[Parmjit Dhanda]], former Labour MP
* [[Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi|Tan Dhesi]], Labour MP
* [[Preet Gill]], Labour MP
* [[Indarjit Singh]], non-party
* [[Marsha Singh]], former Labour MP
* [[Parmjit Singh Gill]], Liberal Democrats
* [[Paul Uppal]], former Conservative MP

===United States===
[[File:Gurbir Grewal SEC.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Gurbir Grewal]] ]]
[[File:DS Saund.jpg|130px|thumb|[[Dalip Singh Saund]] ]]
*[[Ravinder Bhalla]], New Jersey politician and [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] mayor elect
*[[Preet Bharara]] (born 1968), former U. S. attorney
*[[Harmeet Dhillon]], Republican Party official in San Francisco
*[[Preet Didbal]], First Sikh Mayor in the United States. Mayor of Yuba City, CA
*[[Kashmir Gill]], banker and former mayor
*[[Gurbir Grewal]], 61st Attorney General of New Jersey served as the first non-[[White American|White]] [[Attorney General of New Jersey|Attorney General]] of [[New Jersey]] from 2018 to 2021.
*[[Nikki Haley]], governor of South Carolina and former UN Ambassador
*[[Martin Hoke]] (born 1952), Republican politician
*[[Dalip Singh Saund]] (1899–1973), Democrat politician served as the first [[Asian American]] in Congress from 1957 to 1963. At the time of his first inauguration, he was the only non-[[White American|White]] in Congress.
*[[G. B. Singh]], periodontist and retired army officer
*[[Bhagat Singh Thind]] (Bhagat Singh Thind (1892–1967) writer, scientist, and lecturer on spirituality, involved in legal battle over the rights of Indians to obtain U.S. citizenship
*[[Uday Singh Taunque]] (1982–2003) soldier, KIA, bronze star recipient

==Religious figures==
===Sikh Gurus===
* [[Guru Nanak]] known as Bābā Nānak ('Father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
* [[Guru Angad]] was the second of the ten Sikh gurus of Sikhism. After meeting Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with Nanak for many years, Nanak gave Lehna the name Angad ("my own limb") and chose Angad as the second Sikh Guru
* [[Guru Amar Das]] sometimes spelled as Guru Amardas, was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73
* [[Guru Ram Das]] was the fourth of the ten Sikh gurus. Guru Ram Das is credited with founding and building the city of Amritsar.
* [[Guru Arjan Dev]] was the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. He is regarded as the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith.
* [[Guru Hargobind Sahib]] was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He had become Guru at the young age of eleven, after the execution of his father, Guru Arjan, by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Hargobind introduced the process of militarization to Sikhism, He symbolized it by wearing two swords, representing the dual concept of mīrī and pīrī (temporal power and spiritual authority). In front of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Hargobind constructed the Akal Takht (the throne of the timeless one). The Akal Takht represents the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa (the collective body of the Sikhs) today
* [[Guru Har Rai]] was the seventh of the ten Sikh Gurus. He became the Sikh leader at age 14, on 3 March 1644, after the death of his grandfather and the sixth Sikh leader Guru Hargobind.He guided the Sikhs for about seventeen years, till his death at age 31.
* [[Guru Har Krishan]] was the eighth of the ten Sikh Gurus. At the age of five, he became the youngest Guru in Sikhism on 7 October 1661. He contracted smallpox in 1664 and died before reaching his eighth birthday. It is said that he died because he contracted smallpox while successfully curing his followers
* [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] was the ninth of ten gurus who founded the Sikh religion and was the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his beheading in 1675.
* [[Guru Gobind Singh]] was the tenth and last human Sikh Guru. He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs after his father Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb

===Panj Pyare (the five beloved ones)===
* [[Daya Singh|Bhai Daya Singh]]
* [[Mohkam Singh|Bhai Mokham Singh]]
* [[Bhai Sahib Singh]]
* [[Bhai Himmat Singh]]
* [[Bhai Dharam Singh]]

===Historical importance to [[Sikh]] religion===
*[[Bhai Mardana]] (1459–1534) was Guru Nanak Dev's companion on all of his Udasis (travels) and he played kirtan.
*[[Bebe Nanaki]] (1464–1518) is known as the first Sikh. She was the elder sister of Guru Nanak Dev, the founder and first Guru (teacher) of Sikhism. Bebe Nanaki was the first to realize her brother's spiritual eminence.
*[[Sri Chand]] ( ਸ੍ਰੀ ਚੰਦ )(1494–1629)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/personalities/baba%20srichand/babasrichand.htm|title=Untitled Document|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2016}}</ref> was the first son of [[Guru Nanak]], raised by his sister. Sri Chand was a renunciate [[yogi]]. After his father left Sri Chand stayed in [[Dera Baba Nanak]] and maintained Guru Nanak's temple. He established the [[Udasi]] order who travelled far and wide to spread the Word of Nanak.
*[[Mata Khivi]] ( ਮਾਤਾ ਖੀਵੀ ) (1506–1582) is the only woman mentioned in the Siri Guru Granth Sahib. She was the wife of Guru Angad, and established the langar system, a free kitchen where all people were served as equals. Only the best possible ingredients were used, and everyone was treated with utmost courtesy. Her hospitality has been emulated over the centuries and has become the first cultural identity of the Sikhs. She helped her husband to establish the infant Sikh community on a stronger footing, and is described as good natured, efficient, and beautiful.
*[[Baba Buddha]] (6 October 1506 – 8 September 1631) was one of the earliest disciples of Guru Nanak. He lived an exemplary life and was called on to perform the ceremony passing the guruship on to five gurus, up to Guru Hargobind. Baba Buddha trained the sixth Guru in martial arts as a young man to prepare him for the challenges of the guruship.
*[[Bhai Gurdas]] ( ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਦਾਸ ) (1551–1637) is one of the most eminent literary personalities in the history of the [[Sikh]] [[religion]]. He was a scholar, poet and the [[scribe]] of the [[Adi Granth]]. He was an able [[missionary]] and an accomplished [[theologian]]. Being well versed in Indian religious thought, he was able to elaborate profoundly the tenets of [[Sikhism]].
*[[Mata Gujri]] (1624–1705) joined the ninth Guru in his long meditation at [[Baba Bakala]] before he assumed the guruship. She gave birth to and raised the tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Mata Gujri accompanied her youngest grandsons, Baba Fateh Singh and Baba Zorawar Singh to their martyrdom at [[Sirhind-Fategarh]], and subsequently passed as well.
*[[Mai Bhago]] (ਮਾਈ ਭਾਗੋ)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/bhago.html|title=Great Sikh Warriors|publisher=|accessdate=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320221721/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/warriors/bhago.html|archive-date=20 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> is one of the most famous women in Sikh history. She is always pictured on horseback wearing a turban with her headscarf gracefully flowing in the wind, courageously leading an army into battle. A staunch Sikh by birth and upbringing, she was distressed to hear in 1705 that some of the Sikhs of her village who had gone to Anandpur to fight for Guru Gobind Singh had deserted him under adverse conditions. She rallied the deserters, persuading them to meet the Guru and apologize to him. She led them back to Guru Gobind Singh in the battlefield at Muktsar (Khidrana) Punjab. She thereafter stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh as one of his bodyguards, in male attire. After Guru Gobind Singh left his body at Nanded in 1708, she retired further south. She settled in Jinvara, where, immersed in meditation, she lived to an old age.
*[[Bhai Mani Singh]] (1644–1738) was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr. He was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh[1] and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Khalsa in March 1699. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar to take charge of the Harmandar, which had been without a custodian since 1696. He took control and steered the course of Sikh destiny at a critical stage in Sikh history. The nature of his death in which he was dismembered joint by joint has become a part of the daily Sikh Ardas (prayer).
*[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (1780–1839) was the leader of the Sikh Empire which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. Ranjit Singh's reign introduced reforms, modernization, investment into infrastructure, and general prosperity. His government and army included Sikhs, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans. Ranjit Singh's legacy includes a period of Sikh cultural and artistic renaissance, including the rebuilding of the Harimandir Sahib in Amritsar as well as other major gurudwaras, including Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Bihar and Hazur Sahib Nanded, Maharashtra under his sponsorship. He was popularly known as Sher-i-Punjab, or "Lion of Punjab".
*[[Bhagat Puran Singh]] ( ਭਗਤ ਪੁਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ )(1904–1992) was a great visionary, an accomplished environmentalist and a symbol of selfless service to humanity. He was the founder of the All India [[Pingalwara]] charitable society which imparts service to the poor, downtrodden, the dying, and the mentally and physically handicapped people.

===Martyrs===
* [[Guru Arjun Dev]] was the first of two Guru's martyred in [[Sikh]] faith and fifth of the ten total [[Sikh Gurus]]
* [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] was the second of two Guru's martyred in Sikh faith and ninth of the ten total Sikh Gurus]]
* [[Bhai Dayala]] also known as Bhai Dyal Das was an early martyr in [[Sikhism]]. He was martyred in Delhi. 1675 along with his Sikh companions [[Bhai Mati Das]] and [[Bhai Sati Das]] and the ninth [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] ji.
* [[Bhai Mati Das]] was an early martyr in Sikhism. He was martyred in Delhi in 1675 along with his younger brother [[Bhai Sati Das]] and companion [[Bhai Dayala]] and the ninth [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] ji,
* [[Bhai Sati Das]] was an early martyr in Sikhism. He was martyred in Delhi in 1675 along with his elder brother [[Bhai Mati Das]] and companion [[Bhai Dayala]] and the ninth [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] ji
* [[Ajit Singh (Sikhism)|Baba Ajit Singh ji]] was the eldest son of [[Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji. He was martyred in battle during second [[battle of chamkaur]] along with his younger brother [[Jujhar Singh]] Ji,
* [[Jujhar Singh|Baba Jujhar Singh Ji]] was the second son of Guru Gobind Singh ji. He was martyred in battle during second [[battle of chamkaur]] along with his elder brother [[Ajit Singh (Sikhism)|Baba Ajit Singh ji]]
* [[Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)|Baba Zorawar Singh]] was the third son of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. He and his younger brother [[Baba Fateh Singh]] are among the most hallowed martyr in Sikhism.
* [[Baba Fateh Singh]] was the fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh He and his elder brother Baba [[Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)|Zorawar Singh]] are among the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism
* [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] was a Sikh warrior and a commander of [[Khalsa]] army. He was among the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism. Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was executed at Delhi in 9 June 1716
* [[Baba Deep Singh]] is revered among [[Sikh]]s as one of the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism
* [[Bhai Mani Singh]] was one of the most hallowed martyrs in Sikhism. Bhai Mani Singh was executed in Nakhaas chowk in [[Lahore]] in December 1738 ca.the Nakhaas chowk since known as Shaheed Ganj- The place of Martyrdom
* [[Bhai Taru Singh]] was a prominent [[Martyrdom in Sikhism|Sikh martyr]] known for sacrificing his life, in the name of protecting Sikh values, by having had his head [[Scalping|scalped]] rather than [[Kesh (Sikhism)|Cutting his hair]] and [[converting to Islam]].
*[[Kartar Singh Sarabha]] was an Indian revolutionary
* [[Bhagat Singh]] Lahore 1931
* [[Udham Singh]] Barnsbury, England, 1940
* [[Fauja Singh (Sikh leader)|Fauja Singh]] Amritsar, 1979

===Other Religious Figures===
* [[Bhai Kanhaiya]]
* [[Bhai Daya Singh]]
* [[Bhai Dharam Singh]]
* [[Bhai Himmat Singh]]
* [[Bhai Mohkam Singh]]
* [[Bhai Sahib Singh]]
* [[Bhai Nand Lal]]
* [[Sahib Singh Bedi|Baba Sahib Singh Bedi]]
* [[Bhai Maharaj Singh]]
* [[Sant Isher Singh|Sant Baba Isher Singh]]
* [[Nand Singh (saint)|Sant Baba Nand Singh]]
* [[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Randhir Singh]]
* [[Babaji Singh]]
* [[Thaminder Singh Anand]]

===[[Gurbani]] [[Keertan]]===

* [[Bhai Nirmal Singh Khalsa]] – Performer of Sikh Keertan at [[Harimandir Sahib]]
* [[Singh Kaur]] – Composer and performer of Sikh Keertan and New-age music
* [[Snatam Kaur]] – Performer of Sikh Keertan and New-age music

==Cause celebre==
* [[Jasleen Kaur harassment controversy]]
*[[Jagtar Singh Johal]]
*[[Surjit Athwal]]
*[[Jaswinder Kaur Sidhu]]

== See also ==

* [[List of British Sikhs]]
* [[List of Canadian Sikhs]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Sikhism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikhs}}
[[Category:Lists of people by religion]]
[[Category:Sikhism-related lists]]
[[Category:Sikhs|*List]]

Khoja Zufar

2026-02-01T11:37:22Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{short description|16th century general in Western India}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Khoja Zufar or Coge Cofar
| image = Coge Çofar (14782344374).jpg
| caption = Drawing from 1520–1790
| nickname = Khoje Cofar or Coge Cofar
| birth_date = {{birth year|1500}}
| birth_place = [[Otranto]], [[Apulia]], [[Kingdom of Naples]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1546|06|24|1500|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Diu, India]]
| allegiance = [[Ottoman Empire]]
| serviceyears = 1515–1546
| rank = General
| commands = Ottoman naval forces
| battles = {{Tree list}}
* [[Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts]]
** [[Battle of al-Shihr (1531)]]
** [[Siege of Diu (1531)]]
** [[Siege of Diu (1538)]]
** [[Siege of Diu (1546)]]{{KIA}}
{{Tree list/end}}
| awards = Governor of Diu
| relations = Friend of [[Garcia de Orta]]
}}

'''Khoja Zufar''' or '''Coje Çafar''' (1500 – 24 June 1546 - probably born a few years before 1500<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yamey |first=Adam |title=An Albanian in India: The Life and Adventures of Khwaja Safar |date=2024 |publisher=Adam Yamey |isbn=9798328834513 |location=UK |pages=15 |language=en}}</ref>), also called '''Coge Sofar''', or '''Safar Aga'''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mubārak |first1=Abū al-Faḍl Ibn |title=The Akbar Nāmā of Abu-l-Fazl: (History of the Reign of Akbar Including an Account of His Predecessors) |date=1977 |publisher=Ess Ess Publications |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXFDAAAAYAAJ&q=Khwaja+Safar+ |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], '''Cosa Zaffar''' in [[Italian language|Italian]], and also as '''Khwaja Safar Salmani''' or '''Khuádja Tzaffar''' ('''خوجا زفار'''),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Orta |first1=García da |title=Coloquios dos simples e drogas da India |date=2014 |publisher=Editorial Maxtor |isbn=9788490014516 |page=286 |edition=Translation: seria Khuádja Tzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCOlBAAAQBAJ&q=Khu%C3%A1dja+Tzaffar&pg=PA286 |access-date=7 November 2019 |language=pt}}</ref> was a soldier and local ruler in [[Western India]] during the 16th century. He was a leader in the failed [[Siege of Diu (1538)|Siege of Diu]]. Zufar was an experienced merchant with the distant markets of the Arabian Gulf around the Strait of Mecca and Lepanto at the [[Mediterranean]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mathew |first1=K. S. |title=Khwaja Safar, the Merchant Governor of Surat and the Indo-Portuguese Trade in the Early Sixteenth Century |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1982 |volume=43 |pages=232–242 |jstor=44141233 }}</ref>

== Name ==

For centuries, his name has been given in different forms, depending on whether the writer is English, an Ottoman Turk, or Portuguese.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Markotić |first1=Vladimir |title=Symposium: Emigrants from Croatia and their Achievements |date=1987 |publisher=Western Publischers |isbn=978-0-919119-12-3 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItN5AAAAMAAJ&q=Coje+Zofar |access-date=1 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The variations of his name include Khoja Zufar,<ref>{{cite book |title=Ta-ssi-yang-kuo ...: Archivos e annaes do Extremo-Oriente portuguez, colligidos ... |date=1902 |page=376 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8A7AQAAMAAJ&q=Khoja+Zufar |language=pt}}</ref> Coje Çafar,<ref>{{cite web |title=Drawing of Coge Cofar |url=http://tribop.pt/ARG/1899-HP/04/HP4-217.jpg}}</ref> Coge Sofar,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Sidney R. |title=South Africa Under John III, 1521-1557 |date=1949 |publisher=Juta |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Coge+sofar |language=en}}</ref> and Khojah Zaffar. [[Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III|Muhammad III of Gujarat]] had forced him to change his Christian name to "Khwaja". He was later known as Khudawand Khan Safar Salmani.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chase |first1=Kenneth |last2=Chase |first2=Kenneth Warren |title=Firearms: A Global History to 1700 |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521822749 |page=136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esnWJkYRCJ4C&q=Albanians+in+the+Portuguese+ships&pg=PA136 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life==
Zufar was born in [[Otranto]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cagle |first1=Hugh |title=Assembling the Tropics: Science and Medicine in Portugal's Empire, 1450–1700 |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107196636 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3lnDwAAQBAJ&q=Assembling+the+Tropics+Science+and+Medicine+in+Portugal%27s+Empire,+1450–1700+Coge+Çofar&pg=PA355 |language=en}}</ref> into an [[Albanians|Albanian]] family.<ref>{{cite book |location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press |title=The Project Gutenberg e-Book of Rulers of India: Albuquerque|first=H. Morse |last=Stephens |page=315 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/31226/31226-h/31226-h.htm#page186}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Heritage History {{!}} Albuquerque: Rulers of India by Morse Stephens |url=https://www.heritage-history.com/index.php?c=read&author=stephens&book=albuquerque&story=successors1 |website=www.heritage-history.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Yamey |first1=Adam |title=Travels Through Gujarat, Daman, and Diu |date=2019 |isbn=9780244407988 |page=160 |publisher=Lulu.com |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AyLDwAAQBAJ&q=Khadjar+Safar&pg=PA160 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Yamey |first1=Adam |title=Travels Through Gujarat, Daman, and Diu |date=2019 |isbn=9780244407988 |page=160 |publisher=Lulu.com |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AyLDwAAQBAJ&q=Muharram+Rumi+Khan&pg=PA160 |language=en}}</ref> His mother was from [[Brindisi]]. He was born to [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Albanians|Albanian]] parents in Otranto in the [[Kingdom of Naples]] in modern-day [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rajamanickam |first1=G. Victor |last2=Subbarayalu |first2=Y. |last3=Kal̲akam |first3=Tañcai Tamil̲p Palkalaik |title=History of traditional navigation |date=1988 |publisher=Tamil University |isbn=978-81-7090-122-8 |page=137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6IEAQAAIAAJ&q=Khwaja+Safar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chalmers |first1=Alexander |title=English Translations: From Ancient and Modern Poems |date=1810 |publisher=Johnson |page=565 |edition=This officer was by birth an Albanese of catholic parents and had served in the wars in Italy and Flanders Having commenced merchant he was taken at sea by the Turks and carried to Constantinople from whence he went to Cambaya where he embraced Mohammedism and became the prime minister and favourite of king Badur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3NHAQAAMAAJ&q=Achemet+Turco+Albanese&pg=PA565 |access-date=1 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

He began his career as a military adventurer, serving in the armies of [[Italy]] and [[Flanders]], and was captured at sea at the age of fifteen by an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] general
[[Selim I]]. The Ottoman [[sultan]] was impressed by the young Zufar and sent him to Constantinople where he was put in command of several vessels to attack the Portuguese.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Markotić |first1=Vladimir |title=Symposium: Emigrants from Croatia and their Achievements |date=1987 |publisher=Western Publischers |isbn=9780919119123 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItN5AAAAMAAJ&q=Khwaja+Safar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Livermore |first1=H. V. |last2=Goertz |first2=R. O. W. |title=Iberia: Literary and Historical Issues : Studies in Honour of Harold V. Livermore |date=1985 |publisher=Canada |isbn=9780919813144 |page=82 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDgoAQAAIAAJ&q=Khudawand+Khan+Safar+Salmani |language=en}}</ref> He was then sent to [[Khambhat|Cambaya (Khambhat)]] where he became good friends with King [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]].<ref>Alexander Chalmers, 1810, p. 565</ref> He was also the captain of the king.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radhakumud |title=Indian shipping: a history of the sea-borne trade and maritime activity of the Indians from the earliest times |date=1912 |publisher=Longmans, Green and co. |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104209/page/n253 201] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104209 |access-date=1 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Around 1527, Khoja Zufar took refuge in Diu, where he was met with great respect, and with him he had 300 000 "cruzados" and 600 Turkish soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |title=Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa |date=1991 |publisher=The Directorate |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_I_lAAAAMAAJ&q=Khwaja+Safar+ |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Drawing of Coge Cofar (Khoja Zafar) from 1798.jpg|thumb|"Portuguese drawing of Khoja Zufar (Coge Cofar) from 1798"]]

== War with the Portuguese ==
In February 1531, Khoja Zufar and Ottoman Admiral Mustafa entered the harbor of [[Diu, India|Diu]], a Portuguese island fortress on the coast of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] in what is now [[Western India]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Mughal India According to European Travel Accounts: Texts and Studies |date=1997 |publisher=Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dw3kZAS8w_YC&q=Safar+Salmani |language=en}}</ref> In 1532, Zufar established himself in [[Gujarat]], and obtained privileges in [[Surat]] and [[Diu, India|Diu]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Subrahmanyam |first1=Sanjay |title=The Portuguese empire in Asia, 1500-1700: a political and economic history |date=1993 |publisher=Longman |isbn=9780582050693 |page=95 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhwOAQAAMAAJ&q=Safar-us-Salmani+Khwaja |language=en}}</ref> becoming the general of the [[Muslim]] forces.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bouterwek |first1=Friedrich |title=Geschichte der Poesie und Beredsamkeit seit dem Ende des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts: Introduction (40 p.) Italy |date=1805 |publisher=J.F. Röwer |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6j8PAAAAIAAJ/page/n352 331] |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6j8PAAAAIAAJ |quote=Coge-Sofar. |language=de}}</ref> Here he was known as "Khoja Sofar of Surat". He initially cooperated with the Portuguese who put him in charge of Diu,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beirão |first1=Caetano |title=A Short History of Portugal |date=1960 |publisher=Edic̜ões Panorama |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Xo6EciQi5EC&q=Coge+sofar |language=en}}</ref> but when he heard of [[Hadım Suleiman Pasha]]'s [[Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean#Expedition by Hadim Suleiman Pasha, 1538|naval expedition]], he betrayed the Portuguese and joined Suleiman.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire |date=1940 |publisher=CUP Archive |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ&q=Khudawand+Khan+Safar+Salmani&pg=PA671 |language=en}}</ref> Among the sailors of Suleiman were many of Venetian origin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Camões |first1=Luís Vaz |title=The Lusiad;: Or the Discovery of India. An Epic Poem |date=1776 |edition=Seventy large veffels well fupplied with cannon and all military stores under the command of Solyman Bashaw of Cairo failed from the port of Suez to extirpate the Portuguese from India The feamen were of different nations many of them Venetian galleyflaves taken in war all of them trained failors and 7ooo Janifaries were deftined to aćt on fhore Some Portuguese Rene gados dos were also in the fleet and Coje Zofar who had hitherto been the friend of Nunio with a party of Cambayans joined Solyman The hoftile operations began with the feige of Dio |url=https://archive.org/details/lusiadordiscover00camuoft |language=en}}</ref> Prior to Zufar's change of allies, he had been very offended by Suleiman Pasha's arrogance.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beveridge |first1=Henry |title=A Comprehensive History of India, Civil, Military, and Social, from the First Landing of the English, to the Suppression of the Sepoy Revolt: Including an Outline of the Early History of Hindoostan |date=1867 |publisher=Blackie and Son |page=1991 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TepNAAAAMAAJ&q=Khojah+Zofar&pg=PA191 |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== Zufar meeting Nuno da Cunha and Antonio da Silveira ==
On February 1537, When [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]] was killed on his ship by the Portuguese, led by [[Nuno da Cunha]], Zufar abandoned ship and swam ashore where he was well met by the Portuguese, who massacred the rest of Bahadurs crew. Cunha was so impressed by Zufar that he recommended him to Portuguese commander Antonio da Silveira de Menezes. Khoja then fled to King Mahmud of Cambaya, where Khoja was instructed to once again fight the Portuguese, with the help of the Ottoman fleet which was on its way. Khoja then appeared in front of the city of Rums, near Diu, where he was wounded in the arm. Zufar was aided by the local kings which resulted in Silveira ordering his men to abandon the town and instead fortify the port. When the Ottoman fleet arrived, Silveira sent letter to Nunho asking for help.<ref>{{cite book |title=A New General Collection of Voyages and Travels ... in Europe, Asia, Africa and America ..., Also the Manners and Customs of the Several Inhabitants ...: Consisting of the Most Esteemed Relations, which Have Been Hitherto Published in Any Language, ... |date=1745 |publisher=Thomas Astley |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9e1aAAAAcAAJ&q=Khojah+Zofar&pg=PA103 |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== Suleiman Pasha's fleet ==

In 1537, the Portuguese sent a fleet to attack Diu, which was defended by Zufar's land forces. Suleiman witnessed the preparations:
{{Verse translation|lang=pt|... venne un chiamato il Cosa Zaffer, il quale é da Otranto, ma renegato, et fatto turcho, et era patrone di una galea quando il Signore Turcho mandó l'altra armata ...<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCOlBAAAQBAJ&q=venne+un+chiamato+il+Cosa+Zaffer+suleiman&pg=PA286|page=286|title=Coloquios dos simples e drogas da India|volume=1|author=Garcia de Orta|author-link=Garcia de Orta|editor=Francisco Manuel de Melo Ficalho|publisher=Impresna Nacional|language=pt|year=1891|isbn=9788490014516}}</ref>|... there came a lad called the Khoja Zuffar, who is from Otranto, but a renegade, and made Turk, and was the patron of a galley when the Sultan sent the other army ...<ref>{{cite book |title=Viaggi fatti da Vinetia, alla Tana, in Persia, in India, et in Costantinopoli: con la descrittione particolare di città, luoghi, siti, costumi, & della Porta del gran Turco: & di tutte le intrate, spese, & modo di gouerno suo, & della ultima impresa contra portoghesi |date=1545 |publisher=eredi di Aldo Manuzio 1. |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXgtc7oeyC0C&q=quale+%C3%A9+da+Otranto,+ma+renegato,+et+fatto+turcho,+et+era+patrone+di+una+galea+quando+il+Signore+Turcho+mand%C3%B3+laltra+amrata&pg=PA149 |access-date=6 November 2019 |language=it}}</ref>}}

In 1537, Sultan Bahadur and Khoja Zufar agreed to meet with the Portuguese governor [[Nuno da Cunha]] in Diu, on his ship and despite being warned, Bahadur was murdered and his body thrown into the ocean, while Zufar barely escaped onto the ship of Antonio de Soto-Maior.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pearson |first1=Michael Naylor |title=Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century |date=1976 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520028098 |page=[https://archive.org/details/merchantsrulersi0000pear/page/78 78] |url=https://archive.org/details/merchantsrulersi0000pear |url-access=registration |quote=Khwaja Safar. |access-date=6 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Determined to avenge himself, Zufar wrote to his relative Nacoda Hamede, the ruler of Zebit, to send the Ottoman army to India, to which the Sultan approved.<ref>Portuguese and the Sultanate of Gujarat, 1500-1573, Kuzhippalli Skaria Mathew, p. 44-46,</ref> According to Portuguese author Luís Vaz Camões letters published in 1776, Zufar and Nunio had been serving together in service of the Portuguese, but Zufar, with a party of locals of Cambaya, switched side and joined Hadim Suleiman Pasha.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Camões |first1=Luís Vaz |title=The Lusiad;: Or the Discovery of India. An Epic Poem |date=1776 |url=https://archive.org/details/lusiadordiscover00camo |access-date=1 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In April 1538, Zufar, having received news of the Portuguese fleet preparing for war, secretly sent his wife and children to safety. He then presented himself before the new sultan, [[Mahmud Shah III of Gujarat|Mahmud III]], who made him governor of Surat with the title of Khudawand Khan. Zufar then made an attack on the outer fort of Diu, driving the Portuguese into the city, and initiating the [[Siege of Diu (1538)|Siege of Diu]] which was made possible thanks to Zufar's close friend Ruy Freire, a Portuguese who collected information.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mathew |first1=Kuzhippalli Skaria |title=Portuguese and the Sultanate of Gujarat, 1500-1573 |date=1986 |publisher=Mittal Publications |page=138 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dRmvGS5MYcC&q=Khwaja+Safar&pg=PA138 |access-date=6 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> In June 1538, Zufar was wounded<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jaques |first1=Tony |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E |date=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313335372 |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3amnMPTPP5MC&q=Khadjar+Safar&pg=PA304 |language=en}}</ref> by the Portuguese,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Almeida |first1=Fortunato de |title=História de Portugal |date=1923 |publisher=F. de Almeida |page=316 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_dWAAAAMAAJ&q=Coge-Sofar |language=pt}}</ref> and attacked again on June 26 with 4,000 men outside the village of Rome.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Sidney R. |title=South Africa Under John III, 1521-1557 |date=1949 |publisher=Juta |page=126 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Coge-Sofar |language=en}}</ref>

Throughout his reign as a governor, Zufar had urged the Muslim leader of Gujarat to expel the Portuguese,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Sidney R. |title=South Africa Under John III, 1521-1557 |date=1949 |publisher=Juta |page=125 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Coge-Sofar+Albanian |language=en}}</ref> who had taken possession of Surat Port and robbed the city at the beginning of the century.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} The following quote is attributed to him, as part of a speech to his men about the Portuguese:
{{Verse translation|lang=pt|Que temos que recear deste Império de loucos, que com um braço na Ásia e outro no Ocidente, querem abarcar o Mundo?|What do we have to fear from this Empire of mad-men, who with one arm in Asia and the other in the West want to embrace the world?<ref>{{cite book |title=Recueil de morceux en prose: extraits del meilleurs auteurs français et portugais; tels que Fénélon, Lesage, Florian, Berquin, Jean de Barros, Freire de Andrada, etc, etc.; précédé d'un choix d'anecdotes, de bons mots et de pensées diverses. En français et en portugais (What do we have to fear from this Empire of madmen, who with one arm in Asia and the other in the West want to embrace the World? |date=1818 |publisher=chez Théophile Barrois fils, libraire, quai Voltaire, no. 11 |page=168 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sGro7d8G5RoC&q=Que+temos+que+recear+deste+Império+de+loucos,+que+com+um+braço+na+Ásia+e+outro+no+Ocidente,+querem+abarcar+o+Mundo&pg=PA168 |language=fr}}</ref>}}

Delayed by other conflicts, Suleiman arrived with a fleet of 72 vessels, and told his men of a certain "Cosazaffer who originally came from Otranto and was a renegade for Islam".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ulughkhānī |first1=ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar |last2=Ross |first2=E. Denison (Edward Denison) |title=An Arabic history of Gujarat; Zafar ul-wálih bi Muzaffar wa ālih; by ʻAbdallah Mu.hammad bin ʻOmar Al-Makkí, Al-Āsafí |date=1910 |publisher=London, John Murray |page=37 |url=https://archive.org/stream/arabichistoryofg00ulug/arabichistoryofg00ulug_djvu.txt}}</ref>
In 1540, to resist the attacks of the Portuguese, Zufar constructed a strong, high, and large fort in the place of the small old fort.<ref>{{cite web |title=NRI Division {{!}} About Gujarat {{!}} History of Gujarat {{!}} Surat |url=https://nri.gujarat.gov.in/his-surat-1.htm |website=nri.gujarat.gov.in |access-date=2019-04-07 |archive-date=2019-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407055647/https://nri.gujarat.gov.in/his-surat-1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Portuguese protested against the decision.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pearson |first1=M. N. |title=The Portuguese in India |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-02850-9 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XLPnkqwzDYC&q=Khwaja+Safar+Surat&pg=PA38 |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Zufar had a personal relationship with [[Garcia de Orta]] as he would receive gifts of [[Lathyrus sativus|curcas (cataputia minor)]], from Zufar.<ref>{{cite book |title=Coloquio S Dos Simple S E Arci A D Ort A Droga S D A Índi A |date=1891 |publisher=Ediçã O Publicad A |location=Lisabon |page=285 |edition=It is interesting that we come to meet Coge Çofar, the great enemy of the Portuguese, the instigator and soul of Diu's sieges, sending gifts of curcas to Garcia da Orta, and teaching him their name in Cairo. |url=http://obrasraras.sibi.usp.br/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1956/S-263704-1-1_ORTA_Coloquios_dos_simples_e_drogas_da_India_1891.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Azzam |first1=Abdul Rahman |title=The Other Exile: The Remarkable Story of Fernão Lopes, the Island of St Helena and the meaning of human solitude |date=2017 |publisher=Icon Books Limited |isbn=9781785781841 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kv6hDQAAQBAJ&q=Cogeatar+portuguese&pg=PT84 |language=en}}</ref> In 1542, a ship filled with 60,000 pieces of Venetian gold was sent to Zufar, to prepare for the incoming fleet.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yule |first1=Henry |last2=Burnell |first2=Arthur Coke |title=Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary |date=1996 |publisher=Wordsworth Editions |isbn=9781853263637 |page=946 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcjmiBm8hHQC&q=Coje+Cafar&pg=PA964 |language=en}}</ref> In 1545, Zufar attempted another siege of Diu<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire |date=1940 |publisher=CUP Archive |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ&q=Khudawand+Khan+Safar+Salmani&pg=PA671 |language=en}}</ref> and failed.

In 1546, Zufar complained that his merchant vessels were harassed by the Portuguese [[cartaz]] which resulted in skirmishes with the Portuguese fleets. The Sultan, determined to retake Diu, applied for support from Indo-Islamic states.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Shounak |title=Unraveling the Strands of Diplomacy in the Contest for Coastal Gujarat in the Sixteenth Century |location=Vanderbilt University |page=37 |url=https://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/media/universityofexeter/collegeofhumanities/history/exhistoria/volume9/Ghosh_16-48.pdf |access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref>

In 1546, Zufar fortified his base at Surat<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chokshi |first1=U. M. |last2=Trivedi |first2=M. R. |title=Gujarat State Gazetteer |date=1991 |publisher=Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |page=603 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKLiAAAAMAAJ&q=Khwaja+Safar |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and persuaded the sultan of Gujarat to once again attack Diu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stephens |first1=H. Morse |title=Albuquerque |date=2000 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120615243 |page=186 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4RDjvtqc28UC&q=Coge+Cofar+Albanian&pg=PA186 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alam |first1=Muzaffar |last2=Subrahmanyam |first2=Sanjay |title=Writing the Mughal World: Studies on Culture and Politics |date=2012 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231158114 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mmLOKuzT-IC&q=Khwaja+Safar&pg=PA72 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Feio Doutoramento em História |first1=Gonçalo Couceiro |title=O ensino e a aprendizagem militares em Portugal e no Império, de D. João III a D. Sebastião: a arte portuguesa da guerra. |date=2013 |publisher=Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras |location=História dos Descobrimentos e da Expansão |page=116 |url=http://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/10965/1/ulsd068126_td_Goncalo_Feio.pdf}}</ref> In March, 1546, Zufar appeared in front of Diu with 7,000 "guzatteres" and 1,000 Turks in order to take it from the Portuguese.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mughal India According to European Travel Accounts: Texts and Studies |date=1997 |publisher=Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4n4bM5kqf2kC&q=khwaja |language=en}}</ref><ref>Saturnino Monteiro (2010): Portuguese Sea Battles - Volume I - The First World Sea Power 1139-1521 p.223</ref> Their leader, Dom Joao Mascarenhas, defended the city as did his predecessor Antonio da Silveira. Portuguese women participated in the defence as well.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stephens |first1=H. Morse |title=Albuquerque |date=2000 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120615243 |page=186 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4RDjvtqc28UC&q=Khojah+Atar&pg=PA213 |language=en}}</ref> The sieges failed and Suleiman departed on November 5. Zufar then set fire to his encampment and abandoned the island of Diu.

According to Diogo do Cuoto, the keeper of the Portuguese Record Office in Goa, throughout the 1540s, Zufar received letters every year from his mother, a Catholic, who was much upset that Zufar had converted to Islam.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mathew |first1=Kuzhippalli Skaria |title=Portuguese and the Sultanate of Gujarat, 1500-1573 |date=1986 |publisher=Mittal Publications |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dRmvGS5MYcC&q=Khwaja+Safar&pg=PA138 |language=en}}</ref>

== International writings ==
C. K. Goertz wrote that "Safar Salmani was a man of genius and determination, circumspection and foresight, and it was upon these qualities that he advances to [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]]'s inner circle. Later, [[Pope Julius III]] would consider him sufficiently important to mention him in his bull "pracclara charissimi" of December 30, 1551.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Markotić |first1=Vladimir |title=Symposium: Emigrants from Croatia and their Achievements |date=1987 |publisher=Western Publischers |isbn=978-0-919119-12-3 |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ItN5AAAAMAAJ&q=Khwaja+Safar+Surat |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
Before his death, Zufar had a [[wakil]], a servant, named Bahar Khan Yagut Salmani, an Ottoman slave, who also accompanied him during the Siege of Diu. On June 24, 1546, while supervising the trenches, Zufar's head was taken off by a cannonball fired from the Portuguese in the fort of [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Reflective Approach on Last Phase of Portuguese Diu Besieged By The Sultan of Gujarar, 1539–1548|page=134 |edition=Chapter VII |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/75942/11/11_chapter%207.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Indica |date=1986 |publisher=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xavier's College. |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GghDAAAAYAAJ&q=Safar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Alam |first1=Muzaffar |last2=Subrahmanyam |first2=Sanjay |title=Writing the Mughal World: Studies on Culture and Politics |date=2012 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231158114 |page=73 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mmLOKuzT-IC&q=Safar-us-Salmani+Khwaja&pg=PA510 |language=en}}</ref> One of Zufar's men, Bilal Khairit Khani Habashi, was killed as well.<ref>https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144517428.pdf, p. 159</ref> His son, Ramazan Rumi Khan, inherited the title and ruled [[Surat]] in 1554.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Corrêa |first1=Gaspar |title=Lendas da India: Que conta dos feitos de Pero Mascarenhas, e Lopo Vaz de Sampayo, e Nuno da Cunha : em que se passara︣o 17 annos. Livro terceiro |date=1863 |publisher=Academia Real das Sciencias |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIZTAAAAcAAJ&q=albanes |language=pt}}</ref>

== Tomb ==
His tomb in Surat was attended to in 1933-34 and restored.<ref>{{cite book |title=Annual Report |date=1930 |publisher=Swati Publications |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXJNLtSv-BoC&q=Khwaja+Safar+ |access-date=2 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zufar, Khoja}}
[[Category:Indian people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Indian people of Albanian descent]]

[[Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Ottoman military personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Italian pirates]]
[[Category:1546 deaths]]

Maa Ka Doodh

2026-02-01T10:17:47Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Short description|Indian documentary}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maa Ka Doodh (Mother's Milk)
| image = Maa Ka Doodh.jpg
| caption = Official Poster
| native_name = माँ का दूध
| director = Dr Harsha Atmakuri
| writer = Dr Harsha Atmakuri
| producer = Dr Harsha Atmakuri Zac Lovas
| starring =
| cinematography = Shrikanth Iyer Dr Harsha Atmakuri
| editing = Akshay Vedpathak
| studio = Empathy Films Vegvoyages Foundation
| released = {{Film date|2023|01|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = English and Hindi
}}
'''''Maa Ka Doodh: Uncovering A Nation’s Dairy Disaster''''' is an investigative feature-length documentary film that follows the journey of Dr. Harsha Atmakuri, who investigates to find out the untold stories behind the success of India’s White Revolution - The World’s Largest Dairy Production and Development Campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Flood {{!}} nddb.coop |url=https://www.nddb.coop/about/genesis/flood |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=www.nddb.coop}}</ref> The documentary also explores the ethical, cultural, environmental, religious, economic, and political complexities that the consumption of dairy in India has created for millennia.

The film was made to be released on [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] [[Streaming media|streaming]] services. However, due to the sensitivity of the film, many studios declined to stream. So, the filmmakers have decided to make the movie available for free to watch on YouTube and Vimeo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> It took 3 years for the filmmakers to complete the film.

The film is available in English, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, and Tamil languages, with additional Telugu dubbing on its way.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maa Ka Doodh |url=https://www.youtube.com/@maakadoodh |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=YouTube |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Maa Ka Doodh |url=https://vimeo.com/user205140613 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Vimeo |language=en}}</ref> The film is also available for streaming on [[Apple TV+]], [[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]], [[Plex Inc.|Plex]] , and [[Tubi]] in the US region.

== Plot ==
The film follows Dr. Harsha Atmakuri, who travels over 20,000 kilometres across the length and breadth of India, by road, for over two years, meeting people who are directly or indirectly associated with the dairy industry. During his extensive research, he conducted nearly 100 interviews that included eminent and notable people like Smt. [[Maneka Gandhi]] ''(Member of Parliament at the time of the interview and film's release)'', Sri [[Acharya Prashant]] ''(Spiritual Guru)'', Padma Shri awardee Smt. [[Friederike Irina Bruning|Sudevi Mataji]], former IAS officers, IPS officers, [[Nari Shakti Puraskar|Nari Shakti]] awardees [[Shakuntala Majumdar]], [[Mini Vasudevan]], [[Gauri Maulekhi]], and Dr. [[Nandita Shah]], as well as in-depth interviews with dairy farmers, gaushala administrators, gau rakshaks ''(cow protectors)'', and restaurant owners, among others.

In the course of the documentary, Dr. Harsha discovers how India became one of the largest exporters of beef in the world and identifies its direct link to the nation’s dairy industry. He uncovers the negative impacts of this industry on India’s bovine population, public health, environment, and culture. This film aims to bring forth to viewers sustainable, ethical, and compassionate solutions to the negative consequences associated with dairy and beef production in India.

== Director ==
Dr. Harsha Atmakuri is an Indian [[General practitioner|general physician]] turned documentarian. He learned about animal rights issues while working as a medical writer, and shortly after becoming vegan, he started participating in various animal rights awareness campaigns, such as public outreaches and lectures. To reach a broader audience, he began making short documentary videos and uploading them on social media platforms like Facebook and YouTube. In 2018, he decided to quit his job and become a full-time animal rights activist. He embarked on an investigative journey to explore India's dairy industry and uncover the potential link between India's position as the world's largest dairy producer and one of the largest exporters of beef. This is his first feature-length documentary film project.

== Production Companies ==
'''Empathy Films''' is a film and media production non-profit organisation with an underlying philosophy to produce impact films and other digital media-related projects to encourage and promote a cruelty-free, sustainable, and compassionate society. Maa Ka Doodh is its first production.

'''VegVoyages Foundation''' is a non-profit organization established with the belief that travel should be beneficial for both the people traveling and the communities they visit. Since the beginning, Vegan Travel Asia by VegVoyages has been incorporating social charitable activities, projects, and programs as a key part of their journeys in South Asia and Southeast Asia countries. Whether it is helping out at a local grassroots animal rescue or sanctuary, assisting with community education projects or community recycling programs, supporting local animal protection and conservation initiatives, providing school supplies, water filtration plants and desks to village schools, or serving up vegan lunches at children’s homes and emergency relief centers, producing impact documentary films and media, amongst many others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foundation |url=https://vegantravelasia.com/foundation/ |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Vegan Travel Asia |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards ==
The film received four awards at the [[Jaipur International Film Festival]]:<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-01-07 |title=Harsha Atmakuri's documentary 'Maa Ka Doodh' bags four awards at Jaipur Film Festival |url=https://theprint.in/feature/harsha-atmakuris-documentary-maa-ka-doodh-bags-four-awards-at-jaipur-film-festival/1303329/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=‘Maa ka Doodh’ documentary wins 4 awards at JIFF including Best Documentary Film |url=https://www.veganfirst.com/article/maa-ka-doodh-documentary-wins-4-awards-at-jiff-including-best-documentary-film |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Vegan First |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Devasheesh |last2= |first2= |date=2023-01-07 |title=Jaipur Film Festival: Documentary Maa Ka Doodh with message on animal cruelty bags four awards |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/jaipur-film-festival-documentary-maa-ka-doodh-with-message-on-animal-cruelty-bags-four-awards-2023-01-07-837372 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref>

* Best Documentary Film Award
* Best Director Award
* Best Documentary Feature Award
* Best Screenplay Award
Best Documentary Filmmaker of the Year Award from [[PETA India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/petaindia/p/C1ZZo_5KoQ6/?img_index=1 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of vegan and plant-based media]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Indian documentaries]]
[[Category:Documentary films about veganism]]

Ormakalude Bhramanapadham

2026-01-14T23:03:25Z

OlivaGabel6: Done

{{Short description|Autobiography of Nambi Narayanan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Ormakalude Bhramanapadham
| image = Autobiography_of_Nambi_Narayanan.jpg
| image_size =
| border =
| alt =
| caption = Autobiography of Nambi Narayanan
| author = [[Nambi Narayanan]], [[Prajesh Sen]]
| audio_read_by =
| title_orig = ഓർമകളുടെ ഭ്രമണപഥം
| orig_lang_code = ml
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist = Lebison Gopi
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| series =
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre = [[Autobiography]]
| set_in =
| publisher = Current Books, Thrissur
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| english_pub_date =
| published = 26 October 2017
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards = Best Seller in Malayalam 2018
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
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}}
'''''Ormakalude Bhramanapadham''''' ([[Malayalam]]: '''''ഓർമകളുടെ ഭ്രമണപഥം''''') is the autobiography of [[Nambi Narayanan]], former [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) scientist and the [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/former-isro-scientist-nambi-narayanan-awarded-padma-bhushan-95674 | title= Former ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan awarded Padma Bhushan| date=25 January 2019|publisher= The News Minute}}</ref> After his education at [[Princeton University]] in chemical rocket propulsion he was invited by [[United States]] to join [[NASA]], but he decided to serve the nation and joined ISRO{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}. He came to India with expertise in liquid propulsion at a time when Indian rocketry was still solely dependent on solid propellants.

He was closely associated with [[Vikram Sarabhai]], [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|APJ]], [[Satish Dhawan]] and [[U. R. Rao]]. As a senior official at the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO), he was in-charge of the [[cryogenics]] division. In 1994, he was falsely charged with espionage and arrested.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49836270 | title= Nambi Narayanan: The fake spy scandal that blew up a rocket scientist's career| date=27 January 2020|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

Written by journalist turned filmmaker [[Prajesh Sen]],<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-scientist-implicated-in-fake-spy-case-to-get-rs-1-3-crore-from-kerala-govt-1631928-2019-12-27 | title= Isro scientist Nambi Narayanan implicated in fake spy case to get Rs 1.3 crore from Kerala govt| date=27 December 2019|publisher= India Today}}</ref> the book also presents the story of [[Nambi Narayanan]]’s life.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/nambi-narayanan-pens-book-on-experience-in-jail/article25032042.ece| title= Nambi Narayanan pens book on experience in jail| date=25 September 2018|work= The Hindu}}</ref> The book untangles the scientific quest and his preliminary efforts in emerging the country's homegrown cryogenic technology that drives India's space technology today.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/here-s-the-real-story-of-isro-spy-case-that-rocked-the-nation-in-1990s-118091600109_1.html | title= Here's the real story of Isro 'spy' case that rocked the nation in 1990s|date=17 September 2018|publisher= Business standard}}</ref>

==The espionage case in 1994==
The book ''Ormakalude bhramanapadham'' probes into the ISRO spy case. It was purported that [[Nambi Narayanan]] and other scientists had sold defense secrets to two Maldivian agents.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-nambi-narayanan-5356189/ | title= Who is Nambi Narayanan?|date=15 September 2018|publisher= Indian Express}}</ref> In 1996, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] dismissed the case, and in 1998 the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] acquitted [[Nambi Narayanan]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/here-s-the-real-story-of-isro-spy-case-that-rocked-the-nation-in-1990s-118091600109_1.html | title= Here's the real story of Isro 'spy' case that rocked the nation in 1990s|date=17 September 2018|publisher= Business standard}}</ref>

==Publication==
It was published by Current Books Thrissur. The book was released by [[Shashi Tharoor]] on 26 October 2017. In his speech, [[Shashi Tharoor]] mentioned that the "Nation owes an apology to [[Nambi Narayanan]]"
<ref>{{cite web|url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61252003.cms| title= 'Nation owes an apology to Nambi Narayanan'|date=27 October 2017|publisher= Times of India}}</ref> “He chose to work for ISRO though he was invited by [[NASA]] after his education at [[Princeton University]]. Maybe he would have risen to the post of ISRO chairman for his meritorious service, but he now survives to reveal a moving tale which is a warning to the dedicated few,” Tharoor said

The preface for this book was written by [[T. N. Seshan]].

==English translation==
The book was published in English by the name "The orbit of memories" in the end of 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.news18.com/news/india/isro-spy-case-may-have-been-cia-plot-to-sabotage-indias-cryogenic-progress-former-scientist-1558579.html | title= 3-MIN READ ISRO Spy Case May Have Been CIA Plot to Sabotage India's Cryogenic Progress: Former Scientist |date=27 October 2017|publisher= News 18}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2017 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographies]]

Master Dattaram

2025-12-22T21:48:01Z

OlivaGabel6: adding some data initial version.

{{Short description|Indian theatre actor (1913–1984)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Master Dattaram
| image = Master Dattaram -Konkani Vishwakosh.png
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Dattaram Narayan Walwaikar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1913|6|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Volvoi]], [[Portuguese Goa]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1984|9|19|1913|6|10|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Vasai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| spouse =
| other_names =
| occupation = Theatre actor, director
| years_active =
| known_for =
| movement =
| notable_works =
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (1978)
}}

'''Master Dattaram''', born '''Dattaram Narayan Walwaikar''' (also spelled as '''Dattaram Narayan Volvoikar'''; 10 June 1913 – 19 September 1984), was an Indian theatre actor and director from [[Goa]]. He is known for his work in the [[Marathi theatre]], particularly for his association with the Goa Hindu Association and his roles in historical plays.

==Early life==
Dattaram Narayan Walwaikar<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0142 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=9780195644463 |editor-last=Lal |editor-first=Ananda |chapter=Dattaram Narayan Walwaikar, ‘Master’ (1913–84)|url-access=subscription}}</ref> was born on 10 June 1913 in the village of [[Volvoi]], [[Portuguese Goa]]. He received formal education up to the fourth grade, but reportedly lacked an interest in academic studies. Instead, he developed a passion for performance by participating in traditional [[Dashavatara|Dashavtari]] plays.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999">{{cite wikisource |editor-first1=Tanaji |editor-last1=Halarnkar |editor-link1=Tanaji Halarnkar |others= |title=Konkani Vishwakosh |trans-title=Konkani Encyclopaedia |wslink=Page:Konkani Viswakosh Vol3.pdf/694 |type= |edition= |series= |pages=694–695 |volume=3 |year=1999 |publisher=[[Goa University]] |location=Goa |language=gom |wslanguage=gom }}</ref>

==Career==
===Early career (1923–1940s)===
At the age of 10, Dattaram joined the Lalitprabha musical troupe, led by Sakharam Barve. He briefly performed the role of Pendha in the play ''Kunjvihari'', written by [[Mama Varerkar]]. He subsequently joined the Rang Bodhechhu Samaj, a theatre company run by Raghuvir Savkar. During his time with this group, he was noted for his performance as Kritike in the play ''Sanshaykallol''. Although he did not receive formal training from a playwright, he taught himself acting by observing established artists such as [[Nanasaheb Phatak]], [[Chintamanrao Kolhatkar]], and Ganpatrao Joshi.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

Dattaram later joined the Prabhat Sangeet Mandal, owned by Vishnu Borkar. During his tenure there, he demonstrated versatility by enacting a wide range of roles, including heroes, heroines, villains, and comedic characters. His repertoire included plays such as ''Manaapman'', ''Lalatlekh'', ''Punyaprabhav'', ''Paishancha Paus'', ''Nekjat Maratha'', and ''Rakshasi Mhavakansha''. Beyond acting, he was involved in various aspects of theatre production, including costume design, curtain painting, accounting, and conducting rehearsals. He was also known for mentoring new artists within the company.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

===Move to Mumbai and mainstream success===
With the rise of [[Cinema of India|cinema]], the popularity of theatre began to decline, leading Dattaram to move to [[Mumbai]]. Despite facing financial difficulties during this transition, he continued to pursue theatre with various groups.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

He eventually joined the Mumbai Marathi Sahitya Sangh's theatre wing. His acting style was characterized by precise voice modulation, posture, and flexible movement. Significant roles during this period included Jaipal in ''Vaijayanti'', the King in ''Janatecha Raja'', Karna in ''Kaunteya'', and the villain Udaji in ''Honaji Bal''. He received acclaim for his portrayal of [[Ramashastri]] in a production that featured Nanasaheb Phatak as Raghoba and [[Durga Khote]] as Anandi. This specific production won the first prize at the All India All Language Theater Festival held in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

Dattaram was later invited to join the Lalitkaladarsha theatre company. He gained fame for his performances in plays such as ''Satteche Gulam'', ''Sonyacha Kalas'', ''Aakashganga'', ''Duritche Timir Javo'', and ''Panditraj Jagannath''.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

===Direction and later years===
Dattaram made significant contributions to the Goa Hindu Association's art department. He achieved major success directing and playing the lead role of [[Shivaji]] in the play ''Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete'' (When Raigad Wakes Up). He also directed the association's production of ''Matsyagandha'', in which he played the character of [[Bhishma]].<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

In his later years, Dattaram taught theatre studies. He died in [[Vasai]] on 19 September 1984.<ref name="Vishwakosh1999" />

==Legacy==
In June 2012, [[Kala Academy]] celebrated a World Theatre Festival to commemorate the centenary year of Dattaram's birth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Loretta |date=2012-06-10 |title=Theatre festival in Volvoikar's memory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/theatre-festival-in-volvoikars-memory/articleshow/13981444.cms |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> On his 100th birth anniversary in 2013, a book on his life was released as part of a special programme at the [[Institute Menezes Braganza]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fernandes |first=Joaquim |date=2013-06-05 |title=As part of the birth centenary celebrations of renowned Goan theatre artiste Dattaram Volvoikar alias Master Dattaram, the directorate of art and culture will hold a special programme to release a book on his life on June 9, 2013. Announcing this at a press conference, minister for art and culture Dayanand Mandrekar said that programme will be held at 3.45 p.m. on June 9 at the Institute Menezes Braganza hall, Panaji. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/as-part-of-the-birth-centenary-celebrations-of-renowned-goan-theatre-artiste-dattaram-volvoikar-alias-master-dattaram-the-directorate-of-art-and-culture-will-hold-a-special-programme-to-release-a-book-on-his-life-on-june-9-2013-announcing-this-at-a-press-conference-minister-for-art-and-culture-dayanand-mandrekar-said-that-programme-will-be-held-at-3-45-p-m-on-june-9-at-the-institute-menezes-braganza-hall-panaji-/articleshow/20445012.cms |access-date=2025-12-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

An auditorium at Rajiv Gandhi Kala Mandir, Ponda, is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Konkani Play 'Ganv Zala Zantto' Sets World Record with 7 Shows in a Day at Ponda |work=Herald Goa |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/goa/konkani-play-ganv-zala-zantto-sets-world-record-with-7-shows-in-a-day-at-ponda/411004/ |access-date=2025-12-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Master Dattaram}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Male actors from Goa]]

People's Reporter

2025-12-14T05:17:02Z

OlivaGabel6: Details!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = People's Reporter (A forum of current affairs)<ref name="PR">''People's Reporter'', Volume 30, Issue 2, 25 January – 10 February 2017.[http://www.radicalizing-reformation.com/files/Peoples_Reporter_-_Vol_30_Iss__02.pdf]</ref>
| school =
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| caption =
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| type =
| format = [[Compact (newspaper)]]
| owner = New Education and Welfare Trust
| founder = [[Sri]] Godfrey Raymond Karat<ref>''Press in India Part 2'', Office of the Registrar of Newspapers, New Delhi, 1969, p.484.[https://books.google.com/books?id=kfI5AAAAMAAJ&q=godfrey+raymond+karat]</ref> (10.3.1924 - 2.9.2007)<ref>''People's Reporter'', Volume 30, Issue 16,
25 August – 10 September 2017.[https://www.si-ekd.de/download/PR%2030-16.pdf]</ref>
| publisher = [[Sri]] Vattukalathil Chacko John<ref name="PR"/>
| president =
| editor =
| chief_editor = [[Professor|Prof.]] Mammen Varkey,<ref name="PR"/> [[Doctor of Divinity|D. D.]] ([[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore]])<ref>[[Senate of Serampore College (University)]],
''List of the Recipients of the Degree of Doctor of Divinity (Honoris Causa) - 2016''.[http://www.senateofseramporecollege.edu.in/hall-of-fame/doctor-of-divinity/]</ref>
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| political_position =
| language = [[English language]]
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| free =
}}
'''''People's Reporter'' (A forum of current affairs)''' ''(established in 1988)''<ref name="RNI"/> is a semi-monthly<ref name="PR"/> newspaper published from [[Mumbai]], especially on events covering [[Ecumenism]] and [[Interfaith dialogue]], both nationally and internationally.
{{Portal|Journalism}}

Though the newspaper is available in print edition, it is also made available in [[pdf]] format through many other web sites which host it, namely, [[SlideShare]],<ref>[[SlideShare]][https://www.slideshare.net/VibhutiPatel/peoples-reporter-feb-10-25-2015-vol-28-no3-obituary-pravinaben-patel]</ref> Dockoc,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dockoc.com/prof-vibhuti-patel/people-s-reporter-feb-10-25-2015a-vol-28a-no-3-obituary-pravinaben-patel-9w6ptq.html |title=Dockoc |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904021952/https://dockoc.com/prof-vibhuti-patel/people-s-reporter-feb-10-25-2015a-vol-28a-no-3-obituary-pravinaben-patel-9w6ptq.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Academia.edu]],<ref>[[Academia.edu]][https://www.academia.edu/3280261/Peoples_Reporter]</ref> [[Jaffna Diocese of the Church of South India]],<ref>[[Jaffna Diocese of the Church of South India]]. [http://www.csijaffnadiocese.org/?page_id=908]</ref> the [[National Council of Churches in India]],<ref>[[National Council of Churches in India]] [http://ncci1914.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PR-27-22.pdf]</ref> Radicalizing reformation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.radicalizing-reformation.com/files/Peoples_Reporter_-_Vol_30_Iss__02.pdf |title=Radicalizing reformation |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903211111/http://www.radicalizing-reformation.com/files/Peoples_Reporter_-_Vol_30_Iss__02.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Social Sciences Institute of the [[Evangelical Church in Germany]].<ref>Social Sciences Institute of the [[Evangelical Church in Germany]]. [https://www.si-ekd.de/download/PR%2030-16.pdf]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reporter, People's}}
[[Category:Semi-monthly newspapers]]
[[Category:English-language newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Mass media in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Mumbai]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1988]]

William Mitchell (missionary)

2025-12-12T23:57:56Z

OlivaGabel6: adding new article

{{Short description|British missionary (1803–1870)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2011}}
[[Image:Rev. William Mitchell.jpg|thumb|right|200px|William Mitchell]]
'''William Mitchell''' (20 November 1803 – 3 August 1870) was a [[Church of England]] priest who was the second ordained person, after [[Louis Giustiniani]], to provide religious services in the [[Swan Valley (Western Australia)|Swan Valley]] area of the [[Swan River Colony]]. He worked in the Swan Parish for over 20 years before moving to [[Perth]] to take up a position working with convicts and prisoners in the [[Perth Gaol]] in Beaufort Street.

Mitchell was the first [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of the Swan Parish, an area which extended north to [[Gingin, Western Australia|Gingin]] and [[Chittering, Western Australia|Chittering]] and east to [[Toodyay, Western Australia|Toodyay]] and [[York, Western Australia|York]]. The southern boundary included [[Guildford, Western Australia|Guildford]] and [[Midland, Western Australia|Midland]].

==Early life and India==

Mitchell was born in [[County Monaghan]], Ireland. He and his three brothers were orphaned as young children after his father, William Mitchell, was reputedly killed in [[Dublin]] riots (his mother's cause and date of death is uncertain). The boys grew up in "Stackallen House" in [[County Meath]], Ireland, the home of an uncle and under the care of a nurse. In 1810 he moved to live with his grandfather, Blayney Owen Mitchell, in Dublin who was a well-known attorney. While living there, he was apprenticed to an [[apothecary]] for about one year and studied at [[Trinity College, Dublin]] before deciding to become a [[missionary]].

Missionary training was done at [[Olney, Buckinghamshire|Olney]], Buckinghamshire and at the Church Missionary House in Salisbury Square, London which was run by the [[Church Missionary Society]] from where he was [[ordain]]ed as a priest by the [[Bishop of London]] in 1825. In January 1826 he married Mary Anne Holmes. They left Ireland for a missionary position in [[India]], where two daughters and a son were born in 1826, 1828 and 1829.

Due to the failing health of his wife, the family returned to England. However, she died in March 1831.
[[Image:Frances Tree Mitchell.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mitchell's second wife, Frances Tree Mitchell (née Tatlock)]]
Mitchell met a school teacher, Frances Tree Tatlock, and they married on 24 January 1832 before sailing for India to continue the missionary work in [[Bombay]]. His wife gave birth to a son, Blaney, on 12 November 1832 but he died on 16 August 1833. A second son, Samuel, was born on 5 February 1834. Frances and the children returned to England on board {{ship||Severn|ship|2}} in February 1834, leaving William to continue his missionary work until he returned to England in April 1835 due to his own failing health. After recuperating for some time on the [[Isle of Wight]], Mitchell had a disagreement with his Church Missionary Society employers and started to seek alternative missionary work.

==Recruitment==
[[Frederick Irwin]] travelled to England in 1834 to seek clergy for the Swan River Colony and, as a result, a society within the [[Church of England]] was formed called the Western Australian Missionary Society, later to merge with other similar societies to become the Colonial and Continental Church Society. This organisation provided [[Anglican]] missionaries for many of England's colonies in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

In 1836, a meeting was held in Guildford of residents of the Middle and Upper Swan regions of the new colony "... for the purpose of obtaining a clergyman for those populous districts, which owing to their remoteness from the Colonial Chaplains' residence, were destitute of spiritual leadership and devoid of public worship."{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

Shortly after, Giustiniani was appointed, arriving at the Swan Parish in July 1836. He started a church at ''Woodbridge'' in Guildford and established the Middle Swan native mission (at the site of what was to become [[St Mary's Church, Middle Swan]]), aimed at [[evangelism|evangelising]] the local [[Indigenous Australians|Aboriginal]] population. His tenure was unpopular, however, and he left the colony in 1838.

Mitchell was appointed to the replacement position and he and his family and a governess named [[Anne Camfield|Anne Breeze]] left [[Portsmouth]] on board {{ship||Shepherd|1824|2}} on 1 April 1838, arriving at [[Fremantle, Western Australia|Fremantle]] on 4 August 1838.

The eldest child{{snd}}Annie, then 12 years old{{snd}}described her first impressions in her memoirs:
{{cquote|
The ship "Shepherd" anchored off [[Garden Island, Western Australia|Garden Island]] on 4 August 1838, after a voyage of four months and three days. We landed at Fremantle by the ships boats. The first sight we witnessed was a very large whale lying on the sea beach at Fremantle, from which the natives were cutting large pieces and carrying them away on spears.

We lodged at Fremantle for a week and then proceeded to [[Government House, Perth|Government House]] where we were entertained by Sir [[James Stirling (Australian governor)|James Stirling]] and Lady Stirling. It was usual practice at this time for new arrivals to call at Government House on arrival. We stayed at [[William Mackie|Judge Mackies]] house for a while (he was the first Judge in the Colony). After this we went to Henley Park, on the Upper Swan, by boat. [[Frederick Irwin|Major Irwin]] was landlord at this time. He was Commandant of the troops in W.A. We stayed with him for a week or so then went to the Mission-house on the Middle Swan where we settled.

The whole of Perth at this time was all deep sand and scrub. There was no road or railway to Perth. All transport was done by water travel. The banks of the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]] were a mass of green fields and flowers, with everlastings as far as the eye could see.

At the time of arrival, there were only two vessels, the "Shepherd" and the "Britomart" plying between London and Western Australia. When a ship arrived, a cannon was fired to let people know that a vessel had arrived. The people used to ride or row down to Fremantle to get their letters. There were then about seven or eight hundred people settled in W.A. mostly along the banks of the Swan.

There was no church in the colony at this time and the services were conducted in the courthouse by the Revd [[John Burdett Wittenoom|John Wittenoom]], the first colonial chaplain.

The natives were held in dread, as they occasionally attacked the settlers. We were surrounded by natives for several months, and [[George Edward Grey|Captain Grey]] (afterwards [[Governor of New Zealand]]) used to supply us with rice and sugar to give to the natives to settle quietly and enable my father to learn their lingo. This went quietly until one night one of the Aborigines speared another while he was sleeping. With that the natives cleared out and would not return for a considerable time on account of their fellows spirit worrying them. The whites generally travelled together as they were afraid of the natives giving them a prod with a spear.

The governor and colonial secretary used to ride up the Swan and visit all of the houses. The people were very hospitable at this time and used to take sheets off the bed to use as a tablecloth. No boots or shoes were to be obtained and the Governors' children used to go about barefoot like the rest of them.

We used to often be for weeks together without any flour to make bread and had to live on rice and salt pork. We used to pay seven and six for a leg of [[mutton]]. The only fruit available was had when a vessel used to come from the [[Cape of Good Hope]] occasionally with Cape fruit.}}

==Parish life==
[[Image:Bishop Hale, Archdeacon Brown, Rev. W. Mitchell.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Matthew Blagden Hale|Bishop Hale]], Archdeacon James Brown and the Revd William Mitchell, early Anglican clergy in the [[Swan River Colony]]]]
The mission house in Middle Swan, which had been built for Giustiniani on a narrow strip of land known as the ''Mission Grant'', was purchased for £150. The {{convert|866|acre|ha|adj=on|order=flip}} grant was originally given to settler John Wade in September 1829. It ran for about {{convert|10|mi|order=flip}} from the river to the [[Darling Range]] but was only 10 [[chain (unit)|chains]] ({{convert|{{#expr: (10 * 20.1168) round 2 }}|m|ft|disp=or}}) wide. The house was made of mud bricks with a thatched roof and is believed to have stood where Huddelston House now stands at Swanleigh, a short distance from St Mary's.

Immediately after arrival, a school was established, with Anne Breeze assisting.

A church for which construction had been initiated by Giustiani in East Guildford was completed in 1839. It was consecrated as "St Matthew's".

On 5 August 1839 the foundation stone for ''[[St Mary's Church, Middle Swan|St Mary's Church]]'' in Middle Swan was laid, and opened fifteen months later by [[John Hutt|Governor John Hutt]] on 29 November 1840. It was built in memory of Lucy Yule, the wife of Magistrate {{thinspace|T.|N.}} Yule who died and was the first person buried on the site in 1838. The church was built with an octagonal layout and could hold about 100 people. It was consecrated in 1848 and remained in use until 1869 when it was replaced by a new rectangular church immediately adjacent.

Prior to the arrival of Mitchell, church services in Upper Swan were conducted at Henley Park by lay-preachers, either by Major [[Frederick Irwin]] who was the joint owner of that property with Judge [[William Mackie]], or by [[George Fletcher Moore]] who had a land grant on the opposite (eastern) side of the river. Moore would often swim across the river to conduct the service. Part of the Henley Park estate included the site at which James Stirling had camped in his 1827 exploratory journey up the river. Accordingly, an area of land within Henley Park was donated by the owners for the construction of a church which was named ''[[All Saints Church, Henley Brook|All Saints Church]]''. The foundation stone was laid on 31 October 1839 with the church consecrated on 21 November 1848. That church is the oldest still-standing church in the state.

Within three years of his arrival, Mitchell had overseen the opening of three permanent church buildings in his parish where Perth and Fremantle were yet to have one.

In December 1840, Mitchell officiated at the marriage of Anne Breeze and Henry Camfield, the Post Master General at St Mary's.

In 1842, he was reclassified by the governor from a missionary to a chaplain and first rector of the Swan Parish.

Three additional children were born in the Mission House, in 1841, 1843 and 1846, which meant a family of seven children spanning 20 years.

In 1858, after 20 years in the Swan Parish, Mitchell was transferred to Perth where he and his family lived at the [[The Deanery, Perth|Deanery]]. His position was Chaplain of the [[Perth Gaol]] as well as chaplaincy duties at various hospitals in Perth.

After returning from a brief trip to visit his son Samuel in [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]] in 1870, his youngest son Andrew died suddenly on 31 May. Mitchell became ill and died in [[Perth]], Western Australia, at the age of 66 on 3 August 1870. He was buried at [[Middle Swan, Western Australia|Middle Swan]]. His wife Frances died in Perth on 1 July 1879. They are both buried, along with Andrew, at St Mary's graveyard.

==Family==
A full list of his children and their spouses is as follows:

*First wife: Mary Anne Holmes (1803–1831). Married 1826
**Annie (1826–1917). Married: Edward Lane Courthope
**Susan Augusta (1828–1867). Married: [[Philip Chauncy|Philip Lamothe Snell Chauncy]]
**William Owen (1829–1914). Married: Isa Izon Bickley
*Second wife: Frances Tree Tatlock (1806–1879). Married 1832
**Blaney (1832–1833)
**Samuel (1834–1908). Married: Mary Ann Bispham
**Francis Tree (1841–1894). Married [[Archdeacon James Brown]]
**Charlotte (1843–1922). Married (1): Frederick Parker. Married (2): John Adam
**Andrew Forster (1846–1870) (unmarried)

==References==
*{{cite book|title=A History of the Swan Parish|author=Wilson, Harold S.|publisher=Access Press|location=Bassendean|isbn=0-86445-134-2|year=1997}}
*{{cite book|title=Mitchell Amen|author=Greenslade, Frank Nelder|publisher=University of Western Australia Press|location=Nedlands|isbn=0-9595359-1-8|year=1979}}
*{{cite book|title=St Mary's Churchyard Middle Swan, A review of Churchyard Occupants and Memorials|author=Page, Charles|year=2002}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Western Australia|author=Ericson, Rica}}
*{{cite book|title=On The Swan|author=Bourke, Michael J.}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitchell, William}}
[[Category:Settlers of Western Australia]]
[[Category:English Anglican missionaries]]
[[Category:19th-century English Anglican priests]]
[[Category:Australian Anglican priests]]
[[Category:1803 births]]
[[Category:1870 deaths]]
[[Category:Anglican missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Anglican missionaries in Australia]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from County Monaghan]]
[[Category:Christian clergy from County Meath]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College Dublin]]
[[Category:19th-century Irish Anglican priests]]
[[Category:British missionaries in India]]
[[Category:British missionaries in Australia]]

First Sampurnanand ministry

2025-12-03T19:17:29Z

OlivaGabel6: Done...

{{Short description|Government of Uttar Pradesh, India (1954–57)}}
{{One source|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

The '''First Sampurnanand ministry''' was the Council of Ministers in the 1st [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] headed by [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]] [[Sampurnanand]] from 1954 to 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Vidhan Sabha Members (1952-1957) |url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/pdfs/1th_vs_sadashya_parichay.pdf |publisher=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |format=PDF |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Council of Ministers of Uttar Pradesh (Sampurnanand Ministry)
|-
! State Name
! Start Year
! End Year
! Name
! Office
! Portfolio
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Sampurnanand]]
| Chief Minister
| General Administration, Home
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Hafiz Mohd Ibrahim]]
| Cabinet Minister
| Finance, Power, Forest, Cooperatives
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Hukum Singh]] (Bisen)
| Cabinet Minister
| Agriculture and Relief, Rehabilitation
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Girdhari Lal
| Cabinet Minister
| Excise, Registration
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Chandra Bhanu Gupta]]
| Cabinet Minister
| Planning, Health, Industries, Civil Supplies
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Charan Singh]]
| Cabinet Minister
| Revenue, Transport
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Syed Ali Zahir]]
| Cabinet Minister
| Law, Self-governance
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Hargovind Singh
| Cabinet Minister
| Education, Harijan Assistance
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Kamalapati Tripathi]]
| Cabinet Minister
| Information, Irrigation
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Vichitra Narayan Sharma
| Cabinet Minister
| Public Works
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Acharya Jugal Kishore
| Cabinet Minister
| Labour, Social Welfare
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Mangla Prasad
| Deputy Minister
| Cooperatives
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Jagmohan Singh Negi
| Deputy Minister
| Forest
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Jagan Prasad Rawat
| Deputy Minister
| Police
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Muzaffar Hasan]]
| Deputy Minister
| Prison
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Chaturbhuj Sharma
| Deputy Minister
| Revenue
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Ram Murti
| Deputy Minister
| Irrigation
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Phool Singh]]
| Deputy Minister
| Planning
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Sita Ram
| Deputy Minister
| Education
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Kailash Prakash
| Deputy Minister
| Self-governance
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Lakshmi Raman Acharya
| Deputy Minister
| Public Works
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Kripa Shankar
| Parliamentary Secretary
| Attached with Chief Minister
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Banarsi Das]]
| Parliamentary Secretary
| Planning, Health, Industries and Civil Supplies
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Baldev Singh Arya]]
| Parliamentary Secretary
| Planning, Health, Industries and Civil Supplies
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Mohd Rauf Jafri]]
| Parliamentary Secretary
| Attached with Agriculture and Relief, Rehabilitation Minister
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| Dharm Singh
| Parliamentary Secretary
| Attached with Finance, Power, Forest and Cooperatives Minister
|-
| Uttar Pradesh
| 1954
| 1957
| [[Lakshmi Shankar Yadav]]
| Parliamentary Secretary
| Attached with Information and Irrigation Minister
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:First Sampurnanand ministry}}
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh ministries|Sampurnanand]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Uttar Pradesh|Sampuranand I]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1954|Sampurnanand I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1957|Sampurnanand I]]

{{India-poli-stub}}

Moira, Goa

2025-11-21T12:39:16Z

OlivaGabel6: adding basic post w/ refs

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Moira
| other_name = Moiddem
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Moira in [[Goa]]
| coordinates = {{coord|15|35|39|N|73|50|24|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Goa]]
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bardez]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postcode
| postal_code = 403507
| area_code = 0832
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Moira''' ({{IPA|kok|mɔjɽɛ̃ː|}}) is a village in the Bardez Taluka of the North [[Goa]] District in [[India]]. Till the recent past, Moira has been known for its typical, large bananas (known as ''Mundollchim kellim'' in [[Konkani language|Konkani]]) that grew in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernandes|first=Paul|date=August 1, 2020|title=Goa: Moira bananas, Harmal chillies get GI tag|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/moira-bananas-harmal-chillies-get-gi-tag/articleshow/77294024.cms|access-date=2020-10-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Origin of name==
[[File:Rice-fields-moira1.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Rice fields at Moira|Village setting]]
The village derives its name from either from 'Moriya', which describes a Mauryan settlement (the 'mor' ({{Translation|peacock}}) was an important symbol of the [[Maurya Empire]]) or from 'Moim', a locality near [[Tivim]] (many of Moira's initial settlers came from Tivim).<ref name="MendisToI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/village-of-famed-bananas-wise-fools/articleshow/65555314.cms|title=Village of Famed Bananas & 'Wise Fools'|first=Isidore |last=Mendis |date=28 August 2018 |website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>

[[File:Moira church.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Large, white church|Moira Church at dusk]]Historian, the late Dr. [[Teotónio de Souza]], published a brochure on Moirá for its church's 350th anniversary in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moirá - A peep into its past (1986) {{!}} Portugal {{!}} Catholic Church|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/102007695/Moira-A-peep-into-its-past-1986|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Scribd|language=en}}</ref> His writing on the same subject is also available in a local text recently released.<ref name="Teo">{{Cite book|last=Souza, de|first=Teotonio R.|title='Moira: A Peep into the Past -- Some Historical Notes on Moira' published in Souvenir of the Centenary of Associação Académica de Moira 1920-2020|publisher=Associação Académica de Moira|year=2020|location=Moira|pages=Not paginated}}</ref>

==Christianity==
The mass conversions of Moira villagers to Christianity are believed to have happened around 1619, according to De Souza.<ref name="Teo" /> A deed drawn up in Goa on 14 March 1623 and preserved in the National Library of Lisbon records that Joseph de Coutre (known as "Couto" in Goa) financially assisted the Franciscans to build the first Moira church. This conflicts with the account by Paulo de Trindade, who said that the church was financed entirely by local villagers. The two Flemish brothers—diamond dealers Jacques and Joseph de Coutre—lived in Goa at the time the church was being built.

Although men and women were arrested by the Holy Office of the Inquisition during its ''[[auto-da-fé]]'' in the cathedral on 7 December 1664, Moira was relatively unscathed by the [[Portuguese Inquisition]].

==Moira in recent times==
Moira village has seen a lot of out-migration, including as part of early [[Goan]] migration to then British-ruled Africa, in the 20th century. In the past two decades or so, other settlers have set up homes in the village. In 2020, the local village club—the Associação Académica de Moira—celebrated its centenary. It is now also home to some prominent centres of art and cuisine.

==Reputation==
[[File:Moira was once famous for its particular variety of bananas, now only few left.jpg|thumb|Moira was once famous for its particular variety of bananas, now only few left]]

In folklore, the residents of the village acquired the reputation of Mad Moidekars or "Wise Fools of Moira", similar to other stories of "[[town of fools]] type.<ref name=freno>Frederick Noronha, [https://www.navhindtimes.in/2020/06/20/magazines/panorama/wise-tales-from-moira/ Wise tales from Moira]</ref>

In his essay "The Wise of Moira",<ref>{{Cite book|title=Abolim: The Flower Songs, Folk Tales and Legends of Goa|last=Rodrigues|first=Lucio|publisher=Goa,1556|year=2015|location=Goa}}</ref> Prof Lucio Rodrigues describes the village and its villagers thus:

[[File:Tiatr Festival 2014, Goa. A Moira troupe performs at the festival of Konkani plays.jpg|thumb|Tiatr Festival 2014, Goa. A Moira troupe performs at the festival of Konkani plays]]

<blockquote>...the river of Mapusa flows along its southern, western and northern sides, making its soil very fertile. The village is famous for many things, among others for its banana plantations, which yield big, long bananas, called ''munnouchinz kellim'' in [[Konkani language|Konkani]], and each fruit is equal to a square meal. Each grows to the length of nearly a foot with a diameter of about two and a half to three inches...

But the bananas are not Moira's chief claim to fame among [[Goan]] villages. The people are as famous, if not more than their ''kellim'' [bananas], so famous indeed that they have passed into simile and proverb and legend. They are among the most industrious people of Goa. Blessed as they are with fertile land, they have used Nature's gift to raise many crops - rice, chillies, vegetables, bananas. Every Friday will see them wending their way with their produce on their head to the weekly fair at Mapuca. But it is not their industriousness that signals them out for unique honour among their Goan fellows. It is for a legacy that they have inherited from their forefathers - a wisdom that is traditional.

This wisdom has a stamp of its own which defies definition. Perhaps you have heard of the [[Wise Men of Gotham]], and of their ingenious feats. The wise men of Moira of old were as ingenious. There is only one other village in Goa which rivals Moira in this characteristic and that is Benaulim in Salcete. Even in Konkani it has not been possible to give this baffling quality an appropriate term. This is how the people of Bardez describe the indefinite trait. ''To moiddekar num re,'' he is a guy from Moira, ''sarkoch moiddekar'', every inch like a guy from Moira; take ''matxem moiddechem assa'', he's got a bit of it from Moira.<ref name=luro>{{Citation|last=Rodrigues|first=Lucio|title=The Wise Fools of Moira and Other Goan Folk Tales|date=2020-08-20|url=https://archive.org/details/goan-folk-tales|access-date=2020-10-02}}</ref></blockquote>

[[File:En route to Moira and Aldona.jpg|thumb|En route to Moira and Aldona]]
Glenis Maria D'Souza writes of the village and its people: "If you behave a little idiosyncratic [sic] in Goa, don't be surprised if you are called a 'Moidekar'."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goacom.com/village/moiravillage/index.html|title=The Majestic Village of Moira|last=D'souza|first=Glenis Maria|website=Goacom.com|accessdate=22 September 2014|archive-date=15 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615134443/http://www.goacom.com/village/moiravillage/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The villagers are known thus for being hardworking and fun-loving at the same time.<ref name="MendisToI" />

===Sample stories===
As the population of Moira grew, the Moidekars realized that their church is too small. After a deliberation they decided that the church will grow larger, just like a tree sapling will grow, if fertilized with manure.<ref name=freno/><ref name=luro/>

The Moidekars noticed that there is too much space in front of the church and too little in the back, and they could not decide how to fix this. A shrewd [[sacristan]] suggested to push the church. In order to mark how far the church must be pushed, the sacristan suggested to spread the blankets for this distance. When all Moidekars went back behind the church for pushing, the sacristan rolled up the blankets and hid them. After a long and hard push the villagers decided to check how far the church moved. They looked in front, saw no blankets, and concluded that the blankets are under the church, meaning they had pushed far enough.<ref name=luro/>

==Families in the area==
[[File:Entry to Moira, a river-surrounded village in Goa.jpg|thumb|Entry to Moira, a river-surrounded village in Goa]]Leroy Veloso, who has studied local genealogy issues, says that there are five {{transliteration|kok|vangodd}} (founding families, or clans) in Moira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groups.google.com/group/moira-net/browse_thread/thread/7faa1ad3e0afc277?hl=en|title=Kulachars in Moira|last=Veloso|first=Leroy|website=Moira-Net|date=13 September 2007|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> According to Veloso, the third {{transliteration|kok|vangodd}} is a composite of families with a number of surnames. They include [[Jack de Sequeira]], and [[Erasmo Sequeira]].

==Notable residents, or people tracing roots to Moira==
[[File:Expats and locals meet up in Moira village, Goa.jpg|thumb|Expats and locals meet up in Moira village, Goa.]]
* [[Jack Sequeira]] – prominent Goa politician and Goa's first Leader of the Opposition
* [[Erasmo de Sequeira]] – former Member of Parliament for South Goa
* [[Teotonio R de Souza]] – prominent Indo-Portuguese historian, and former Director of the [[Xavier Centre of Historical Research]], Alto-Porvorim, Goa

==Attractions in the locality==
[[File:Moira-Nachinola road leading to Aldona.jpg|thumb|Moira-Nachinola road leading to Aldona]]* The backwaters of Moira provide a scenic view<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inditales.com/walk-through-backwaters-of-moira-goa/|title=Walk Through The Backwaters of Moira Goa|last=Goyal|first=Anuradha|date=2015-02-26|website=Inditales|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-07}}</ref>
* Assoçiacão Académica de Moira: Sataporio locality's Moira Club was founded in 1920
* Dr Jack de Sequeira's ancestral house: It is located at Bambordem
* Moira bridge: This bridge at Atafondem connects Moira to Bastora and was built in 1978
* Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church: Built in 1636, it is located between Raim and Calizor. From 1838, it housed a unique bell, which had previously been part of [[Old Goa]]'s Madre de Deus convent
* St Xavier’s High School: Founded on 5 June 1935 it is run by the Diocesan Society of Education<ref name="MendisToI" />

==See also==
*[[Myndoli Banana]] also known as Moira banana, a variety of banana awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.villageofmoira.blogspot.com/ Village blog]
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/11074204@N07/sets/72157602044303629/show/ Photos of Moira]
*[http://www.goacom.com/culture/biographies/mprofile.html#8 Prominent residents of Moira]
*[https://groups.google.com/forum/m/#!topic/goa-book-club/iC1yDy2kjNk Articles on Moira]

[[Category:Villages in North Goa district]]
[[Category:Towns of fools]]

[[de:Ferdinand Cron|Ferdinand Cron]]

Santacruz, Mumbai

2025-11-04T14:07:49Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{refimprove|date=October 2025}}
{{Other places|Santa Cruz (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santacruz
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Suburb
| image_skyline = SuratAhmedabadMumbai 108.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Domestic airport at Santacruz
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Mumbai
| pushpin_label_position =
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| coordinates = {{coord|19.081667|N|72.841389|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mumbai]]
| established_title = 
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| unit_pref = Metric
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| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code = 022
| area_code_type =
| registration_plate = MH-02
| website =
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}}

'''Santacruz''' or '''Santa Cruz''' (Pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[saːn̪t̪akɾuːz]]]) is a suburb of [[Mumbai]]. The [[Santacruz railway station]] on the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway]], the domestic terminal (T1) of the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]], and one campus of the [[University of Mumbai]], are all located in Santacruz (East).

==History==
The term ''Santa Cruz'' comes from the Portuguese words meaning "[[Christian cross|Holy Cross]]",<ref name= "MD1">{{cite news | url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/meher-marfatia-where-have-all-the-santas-gone/18852152 | title=Meher Marfatia: Where Have All The Santas Gone? | work=[[Mid-Day]] | date=24 December 2017 | access-date= 21 February 2020}}</ref> a reference to a 150-year-old cross located on Chapel Lane within the compound of a home for destitute women run by [[Mother Teresa]]'s [[Missionaries of Charity]] trust. That name was also given to a church that existed on a site on the western side of the railway station along the current [[Swami Vivekanand Road (Mumbai)|Swami Vivekanand Road]], presently occupied by the [[Sacred Heart Boys High School]] and [[Sacred Heart Church, Santacruz|Sacred Heart Church]]. This original church was destroyed by the Marathas during their conquest of the [[Salsette Island]] from Portugal. When the railways began operations in October 1888, the local railway station was named after the Holy Cross, and Santacruz, as a locality came into being.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/civic/Leave-Holy-Cross-out-of-road-widening-say-locals/articleshow/31967394.cms|title=Leave Holy Cross out of widening, say locals|work= [[Mumbai Mirror]]|date=14 March 2014| access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>

The then British Government set up [[RAF Santa Cruz]], a military airfield, in 1942. It was home to several [[RAF]] squadrons during World War II, from 1942 to 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafweb.org/Stations/Stations-S.htm#Santa%20Cruz |title=RAF Santa Cruz |publisher= rafweb.org |date=9 January 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011}}</ref> The airfield covered an area of about {{convert|1160|ha}} and initially had three runways.<ref name="GAZ">{{cite web|url=http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/communication.html |title=Transport by Air |publisher= Maharashtra State Gazetteers |year= 1987 |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref> The airfield was transferred to the Indian Government for civilian use upon Independence,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1946/oct/30/airfield-santa-cruz |title=Airfield, Santa Cruz |work= [[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=30 October 1946 |access-date=17 September 2011}}</ref> and came to be known as Santa Cruz airport, the city's main airport.

=== Kalina ===
During the statewide [[Maharashtra floods of 2005|floods in 2005]], Air India Colony was flooded with water five to six metres deep. In many buildings, the water had entered in the ground floor and first floor level houses and the people had to take shelter on the upper floors. Rescue boats of Navy were requisitioned deployed in the area. Immediately after the deluge, restoration programme was implemented and portable pumps were installed at Air India colony, helping the early discharge of flood water.<ref name="fact">{{cite news|url=http://www.unisdr-apps.net/confluence/download/attachments/9994389/Fact+Finding+Committee+on+Mumbai+Floods-vol1.pdf?version=1|title=Final Report|access-date=23 March 2012|work=Fact Finding Committee on Mumbai floods|date=March 2006|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032348/http://www.unisdr-apps.net/confluence/download/attachments/9994389/Fact+Finding+Committee+on+Mumbai+Floods-vol1.pdf?version=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Willingdon Colony ===
The Bombay Catholic Cooperative Housing Society constructed in 1930 a low-cost housing estate for the Catholic community, known as Willingdon Colony. It included pre-existing bungalows that the Cooperative had built as early as 1917.<ref name="mirror">{{cite news |last1=Sadhwan |first1=Yogesh |title=SRA panel clears Willingdon Colony redevelopment, demolition starts |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/sra-panel-clears-willingdon-colony-redevelopment-demolition-starts/articleshow/30690619.cms |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=20 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref> The colony was spread over {{cvt|5.5|acres}} and managed by the Cooperative. The members of the cooperative voted in 1966 to redevelop the colony, with 673 new flats to be built. The redevelopment was planned to provide permanent accommodation for 230 members, with the excess flats to be offered for sale. An additional, separate, building on the land was to provide capacity to temporarily house a further 530 people displaced by slum redevelopments, through the Slum Rehabilitation Authority. A small number of cooperative members opposed the redevelopment, and it was delayed by litigation for nearly 50 years.<ref name="ht 49"/>

Despite heritage preservation concerns, and over the objections of the twenty remaining resident families, their final challenge was dismissed by the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in 2014, allowing redevelopment to proceed. Demolition of historic bungalows commenced soon after. Further pauses occurred throughout 2014, as stays for proceedings continued.<ref name="xpress">{{cite news |last1=Express Staff |title=Builder resumes demolition at heritage Willingdon Colony |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/builder-resumes-demolition-at-heritage-willingdon-colony/ |access-date=6 November 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=20 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref> Despite the court's rejection of the challenge to redevelopment, the same group began a new round of legal actions in 2015, with a petition to the [[Bombay High Court|High Court]], challenging the validity of the permit issued to the developer to transplant 103 trees from the site. The petitioners were not successful in having the tree removal permit withdrawn.<ref name="ht 49">{{cite news |last=Chaudhari |first=Kanchan |date=2015-07-11 |title=Held up for 49 yrs, HC paves way for revamp of Santacruz society |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/held-up-for-49-yrs-hc-paves-way-for-revamp-of-santacruz-society/story-YPpyoWaHeaG5qJ9CGJOu6K.html |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=2016-07-13}}</ref>

==Amenities and places of interest==
===Cultural===
* [[Ramakrishna Mission]] (though strictly in Khar) has a yearly fest between October (for the [[Durga Puja]] festival) and December. It is widely attended for its mix of eclectic stalls selling cultural wares, clothes, religious and spiritual books, devotional music and eateries. The food stalls outside the hospital are famous in Mumbai for ''[[Chaat]]''
* [[The Yoga Institute]] (TYI), founded in 1918, is widely reported to be the oldest organised yoga center in the world. It was the first to offer courses to men, women and children of any caste or creed, for free. Initially located at [[Versova, Mumbai|Versova]], Bombay, its permanent home was established at Santacruz in 1948. TYI's founder, [[Shri Yogendra]] (1897–1989), played a key role in developing medical hatha yoga, a step in the history of yoga that would later lead to the development of [[Yoga therapy]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=President to inaugurate centenary of world's oldest yoga institute in Mumbai |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/president-to-inaugurate-centenary-of-world-s-oldest-yoga-institute-in-mumbai-118122500466_1.html |access-date=22 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |date=2018-12-25}}</ref><ref name="toi2014">{{cite news |last1=Mumbai News - Times of India |title=World's oldest yoga centre still going strong |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/worlds-oldest-yoga-centre-still-going-strong/articleshow/36904643.cms |access-date=22 June 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=20 June 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Guha |first1=Kunal |title=Relative value: A century of wellness |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/relative-value-a-century-of-wellness/articleshow/62398932.cms |access-date=22 June 2021 |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=7 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

===Education===
====University campuses====
* [[SNDT Women's University]], with Juhu campus on the Juhu Tara Road, which houses approximately 15 institutions, mostly for Postgraduate
* [[University of Mumbai#Kalina Campus|The Kalina Campus]] of the University of Mumbai

====Schools====
* St. Anthony High School, Nehru Road, Vakola, Santacruz (East): for boys from preschool to Standard-X levels; named 'high school' even though it also offers primary and pre-primary education<ref>{{cite web |author1=((St. Anthony Church)) |title=Welcome to St. Anthony High School, Vakola, Mumbai |url=https://www.stanthonyschoolvakola.org/ |website=St. Anthony High School Vakola |access-date=13 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* St. Anthony Girls' High School, St. Anthony's Road, Chembur (West)<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Anthony Girls' High School, Chembur |url=https://stanthonygirlshigh.wixsite.com/saghs |website=SAGHS |access-date=13 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* Billabong High International School, Santacruz West, a coeducational school from pre-primary to class 12, offering [[IGCSE|{{abbr|IGCSE|International General Certificate of Secondary Education}}]] (Cambridge) curriculum<ref>{{cite web |title=About us: Academics and extra curricular |url=https://www.billabonghighschool.com/mumbai-santacruz/academics-and-extra-curricular/academics/ |website=Billabong High International School}}</ref>
* [[R. N. Podar School]], a [[Central Board of Secondary Education|{{abbr|CBSE|Central Board of Secondary Education}}]]-board school offering education from junior kindergarten to class 12.
*Panbai International School - IGCSE<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://panbaiinternationalschool.com/|title=International Schools in Mumbai | IGCSE Schools in Mumbai|date=25 February 2016}}</ref>
* Flamingo Kids International Pre primary School - Santacruz East <ref>Best Preschools in Santacruz East https://panbaiinternationalschool.com/preschool-santacruz-east/</ref>
* Panbai International College - A levels, Santacruz, Mumbai<ref>{{cite web | url=https://panbaiinternationalschool.com/a-level-school-mumbai/ | title=Panbai International College - Best a Level Schools in Mumbai | date=2 December 2019 }}</ref>

===Parks and gardens===
* Juhu Garden, Juhu-Tara Road, Santacruz (West), known for its large-scale aircraft replica in the children's playground, and consequently popularly called the "Aeroplane Garden". The original version, a concrete replica of a Boeing 707-437 was donated by [[Air India]] in the 1960s, and generations of local children played in its cabin and "cockpit". Its partial collapse in 2009 was the cause of a fatality, after which public access was closed; its demolition followed in 2011. A replacement version was installed and opened to the public in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mehta |first1=Manthan K. |title=Razing of Santa Cruz garden plane upsets locals - Mumbai News |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/razing-of-santa-cruz-garden-plane-upsets-locals/articleshow/7294258.cms |access-date=24 June 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=16 January 2011 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gopinath |first1=Rajitha |title=Aeroplane Garden, Juhu Tara road, Santacruz West |url=https://mumbaioutdoors.com/2015/07/17/aeroplane-garden-juhu-tara-road-santacruz-west/ |website=Mumbai Outdoors |access-date=24 June 2021 |language=en |date=2015-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marpakwar |first1=Chaitanya |title=Boeing to take off at Santacruz (even if it's at a kids' park) |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/team-uddhav-who-will-play-and-who-will-not/articleshow/18163792.cms |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=24 January 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

===Churches, temples and other religious sites===
* [[Sacred Heart Church, Santacruz]] (West)
* [[Our Lady of Egypt Church]], Kalina

===Hospitals===
* [[Nanavati Hospital]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}

[[Category:Mumbai Suburban district]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Mumbai]]

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

2025-10-05T04:51:49Z

OlivaGabel6: expand citations and updated info

{{Short description|American professor, novelist, and poet (born 1956)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox writer 
| image = ChitraBanerjeeDivakaruni.JPG 
| imagesize = 220px
| name = Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Chitralekha Banerjee
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1956}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-miscellaneous-biographies/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni#3416300043|title=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni|website=Encyclopedia.com|access-date=25 December 2022}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Writer
| nationality = American
| education = [[University of Calcutta]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[Wright State University]] [[University of California, Berkeley]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| period =
| genre = Poetry, short stories, novels; fantasy, young adult, magical realism, historical fiction
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''Arranged Marriage: Stories'' ''[[Mistress of Spices]]'' ''[[Sister of My Heart (novel)|Sister of My Heart]]'' ''[[The Palace of Illusions: A Novel|The Palace of Illusions]]'' ''[[One Amazing Thing]]'' ''[[The Conch Bearer]]'' ''[[The Mirror of Fire and Dreaming]]'' ''[[Independence (novel)|Independence]]''
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = [[American Book Award]] [[PEN Oakland awards|PEN Josephine Miles Literary Award]]
| website = {{URL|www.chitradivakaruni.com}}
| spouse = Murthy
| children = 2
}}
'''Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni''' (born '''Chitralekha Banerjee''', 1956<ref>{{cite book |title= Asian American Short Story Writers: An A-to-Z Guide|last= Davis|first= Rocío G.|editor1-first= Guiyou|editor1-last= Huang|year= 2003|publisher= Greenwood Press|location= Westport, CT|isbn= 978-0-313-32229-7|page= 65|chapter=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (1956– )|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skdEeK1SEAQC&pg=PA65}}</ref>) is an Indian-born American author, poet, and the Betty and Gene McDavid Professor of Writing at the [[University of Houston]] Creative Writing Program. Her short story collection, ''Arranged Marriage'', won an [[American Book Award]] in 1996. Two of her novels (''[[Mistress of Spices|The Mistress of Spices]]'' and ''[[Sister of My Heart (novel)|Sister of My Heart]]''), as well as a short story (''The Word Love)'' were adapted into films.

Divakaruni's works are largely set in India and the United States, and often focus on the experiences of [[South Asian]] immigrants. She writes for children as well as adults, and has published novels in multiple [[genres]], including [[realistic fiction]], historical fiction, [[magical realism]], myth and [[fantasy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/166154/Divakaruni%2c%20Chitra%20Banerjee.pdf|title=Voices from the Gaps: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni|last=Bredemus|first=James Thomas|date=1999-04-04|website=conservancy.umn.edu|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all
|hdl=11299/166154}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Divakaruni was born in [[Calcutta]], India. She received her B.A. from the [[University of Calcutta]] in 1976.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} In the same year, she went to the United States to attend [[Wright State University]], where she received a master's degree. She received a PhD in English from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1985 ([[Christopher Marlowe]] was the subject of her doctoral dissertation).<ref>{{Cite thesis|author=Chitralekha Divakaruni|url=http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b13348453~S53|title=For danger is in words : changing attitudes to language in the plays of Christopher Marlowe|website=OskiCat - UC Berkeley Library Catalog|date=December 1984|access-date=2019-02-23|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Career==
Divakaruni put herself through graduate school by taking on odd jobs, working as a babysitter, a store clerk, a bread slicer in a bakery, a laboratory assistant at [[Wright State University]], and a dining hall attendant at [[International House, Berkeley]]. She was a graduate teaching assistant at U.C. Berkeley. She taught in California at [[Foothill College]] and [[Diablo Valley College]]. She now lives and teaches in [[Texas]], where she is the McDavid Professor of Creative Writing at the [[University of Houston]] Creative Writing Program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uh.edu/class/news/archive/2019/october/department-english-creative-writing-program-professor-honored-among-houston-finest-authors/|title=Department of English Creative Writing Program Professor Honored Among Houston's Finest Authors|date=2019-10-01|website=University of Houston – College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences – uh.edu|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Divakaruni is the co-founder and former president of Maitri, a helpline founded in 1991 in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] for [[South Asian]] women dealing with [[domestic abuse]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weber.edu/weberjournal/Journal_Archives/Archive_C2/Vol_18_2/CDivakaruniConv.html|title=Writing As Spiritual Experience: A Conversation with Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni|last=Seshachari|first=Neila C.|date=Winter 2001|website=Weber Journal Archive|access-date=2019-06-08|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Divakaruni is on its advisory board and on the advisory board of Daya, a similar service in Houston. She has served on the board of Pratham Houston, an organisation working to bring literacy to disadvantaged Indian children{{when|date=December 2022}}, and is on their emeritus board.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agarwal|first=Dr. Gunjan and Gunjan Kapil|date=December 2014|title=The Representation of Woman in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's ''Doors, Affair'', and ''Meeting Mrinal''|url=http://www.the-criterion.com/V5/n6/GunjanKapil.pdf|journal=The Criterion|volume=5| issue = 6|page=77}}</ref>

==Works==
===Fiction and poetry===
Divakaruni began her writing career as a poet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/i-see-my-writing-as-an-extension-of-my-activism-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/story-mHVEc6mZRTksdTABF03PnN.html|title=I see my writing as an extension of my activism: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni|last=Banerjee|first=Kaushani|date=2017-04-11|df=dmy-all|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> Her volumes of poetry include ''Black Candle'' and ''Leaving Yuba City''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni|title=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni|website=poetryfoundation.org|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Her first collection of stories ''Arranged Marriage'' won an [[American Book Award]], a PEN Josephine Miles Award, and a Bay Area Book Reviewers Award.<ref name="OK 2021" /> Her major novels include ''The [[Mistress of Spices]]'', ''[[Sister of My Heart (novel)|Sister of My Heart]]'', ''Queen of Dreams'', ''One Amazing Thing'', ''[[The Palace of Illusions: A Novel|Palace of Illusions]]'', ''Oleander Girl'' and ''Before We Visit the Goddess''. She has also written a young adult fantasy series called ''The Brotherhood of the Conch'' which is located in India and draws on the culture and folklore of that region. The first book of the series, ''The Conch Bearer'' was nominated for the 2003 Bluebonnet Award.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} The second book of the series, ''The Mirror of Fire and Dreaming'' came out in 2005 and the third and final book of the series, ''Shadowland'', was published in 2009.

Divakaruni's novel ''The Palace of Illusions'', was a national best-seller for over a year in India and<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.indiareads.com/views-and-reviews/palace-of-illusions-by-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/ |title=Book Review: Palace of Illusions by Chitra Divakaruni @ INDIA reads Online Library cum Bookstore | INDIAreads |access-date=2011-02-05|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215125833/http://blogs.indiareads.com/views-and-reviews/palace-of-illusions-by-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/ |archive-date=15 February 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> is a re-telling of the [[Indian epic poetry|Indian epic]] ''The [[Mahabharata]]'' from [[Draupadi]]'s perspective.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050313/asp/calcutta/story_4482774.asp | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203132519/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050313/asp/calcutta/story_4482774.asp | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 February 2013 | location=Calcutta, India | work=The Telegraph | first=Madhumita | last=Bhattacharyya | title=Dreams and dislocation | date=13 March 2005}}</ref>

Divakaruni's work has been published in ''[[The Atlantic Monthly]]'' and ''[[The New Yorker]]'', and her writing has been included in anthologies including the ''[[Best American Short Stories]]'', the ''[[O. Henry Award|O. Henry Prize Stories]]'', and the [[Pushcart Prize]] anthology. Her fiction has been translated into 29 languages, including Dutch, Hebrew, Indonesian, Bengali, Turkish and Japanese.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

===Film, television, theatre and opera===
Divakaruni's novel ''The [[Mistress of Spices]]'' was released as a film [[The Mistress of Spices (film)|of the same name]] in 2005. It was directed by [[Paul Mayeda Berges]], with a script by Berges and his wife, [[Gurinder Chadha]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Her novel ''Sister of my Heart'' was made into a television series by [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] in Tamil and aired in India, as ''Anbulla Snegithiye (Loving Friend)''. In 2018 the producers NR Pachisia und Dipankar Jojo Chaki secured the rights to a film adaption of ''[[The Palace of Illusions]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/895908/film-adaptation-of-chitra-banerjee-divakarunis-novel-on-drapaudi-in-the-works|title=Entertainment News: Film adaptation of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's novel on Drapaudi in the works|date=2018-09-26|website=scroll.in|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>

Divakaruni's story ''Clothes'' from the collection ''Arranged Marriage'' was adapted into play under the title ''Arranged Marriage'' by Peggy Shannon in 2004, 2010, and 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fusia.ca/canadian-premiere-of-award-winning-bollywood-play-arranged-marriage/|title=Canadian Premiere of Award-Winning Bollywood Play – Arranged Marriage|last=Dhanji|first=Aabida|df=dmy-all|date=2016-05-22|website=fusia.ca|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ryerson.ca/news-events/podcasts/2016/08/peggy-shannon-arranged-marriage/|title=Podcast: Peggy Shannon on 'Arranged Marriage'|last=Sloan|first=Will|date=2016-05-12|website=Ryerson Today – ryerson.ca|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2013, Divakaruni wrote the libretto to a chamber opera for [[Houston Grand Opera]], ''River of Light'', about the life of an Indian woman in Houston. It premiered in 2014<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indoamerican-news.com/houston-grand-operas-river-of-light-to-feature-libretto-by-chitra-divakaruni/|title=Houston Grand Opera's "River of Light" to Feature Libretto by Chitra Divakaruni|last=Kulkarni|first=Pramod|date=2013-12-12|website=indoamerican-news.com|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref> with original compositions by Jack Perla<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anopenbookblog.org/writers-opera-and-chitra-divakaraunis-river-of-light/|title=Writers, Opera, and Chitra Divakaruni's River of Light|date=2014-03-21|website=anopenbookblog.org|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> and was shown again in 2015 by the opera company Festival Opera, directed by Tanya Kane-Parry at the [[Oakland Asian Cultural Center]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfcv.org/reviews/festival-opera/-lt-em-gt-river-of-light-lt-/em-gt-shines-at-festival-opera|title=River of Light Shines at Festival Opera|last=Wishnia|first=Rebecca|date=2015-11-16|website=San Francisco Classical Voice – sfcv.org|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

''The Palace of Illusions'' was adapted into a play named ''Fire and Ice: Draupadi's Story'' by Joe DiSabatino and performed in India under his direction. A Bollywood movie with the title ''Mahabharat'', starring [[Deepika Padukone]] as Draupadi, is being prepared in India based on ''The Palace of Illusions''. The premiere was scheduled for 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2019/deepika-padukone-starrer-mahabharat-based-on-the-novel-the-palace-of-illusions/articlecontent-pf303283-291760.html|title=Deepika Padukone Starrer Mahabharat Based On The Novel 'The Palace Of Illusions'|last=Aishwarya|date=2019-11-14|website=filmibeat.com|access-date=2020-02-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

As of 2021, her novel ''One Amazing Thing'' has been optioned to become a Bollywood film.<ref name="OK 2021" />

==Honors and awards==
* 1996 [[American Book Award]] (''Arranged Marriage'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beforecolumbusfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Aba2001prior.pdf|title=Previous Winners of the American Book Award|website=beforecolumbusfoundation.com|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
* 1996 [[PEN Oakland awards|PEN Josephine Miles Literary Award]] (''Arranged Marriage'')<ref name="OK 2021">{{cite news |last1=OK |first1=Anand Raj |title=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni: 'I never thought I'd be a writer' |url=https://gulfnews.com/friday/art-people/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-i-never-thought-id-be-a-writer-1.2312208 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Gulf News]] |date=9 June 2021}}</ref>
* Bay Area Book Reviewers' Award (''Arranged Marriage'')<ref name="OK 2021"/>
* 1997 [[Pushcart Prize]] (''Leaving Yuba City: New and Selected Poems'')<ref name="Patel 2017">{{cite web |last1=Patel |first1=Nilu N. |title=Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee |url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/10/divakaruni-chitra-banerjee/ |website=Postcolonial Studies @ Emory |publisher=scholarblogs.emory.edu |access-date=11 December 2022 |date=May 2017}}</ref>
* 2003 Pushcart Prize (''The Lives of Strangers'')<ref name="Patel 2017"/>
* 2007 Distinguished Writer Award from the South Asian Literary Association<ref name="Patel 2017"/>

== Publications ==
=== Fiction ===
* ''Arranged Marriage: Stories'' (1995)<ref>Reviews of ''Arranged Marriage: Stories''
*{{cite news |title=Arranged Marriage: Stories |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780385483506 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=29 April 1996}}
*{{cite news |title=Arranged Marriage |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/arranged-marriage/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=1 July 1995}}</ref>
* ''[[Mistress of Spices (novel)|The Mistress of Spices]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Sister of My Heart (novel)|Sister of My Heart]]'' (1999)
* ''The Unknown Errors of our Lives'' (2001)<ref>Reviews of ''The Unknown Errors of our Lives''
*{{cite news |title=The Unknown Errors of our Lives |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/the-unknown-errors-of-our-lives/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=15 February 2001}}
*{{cite news |title=The Unknown Errors of Our Lives |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780385497275 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=April 1, 2001}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Aldama |first1=Frederick Luis |title=Reviewed Work: The Unknown Errors of Our Lives by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni |journal=[[World Literature Today]] |date=Winter 2002 |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=112–113 |doi=10.2307/40157026|jstor=40157026 }}</ref>
* ''The Vine of Desire'' (2002)<ref>Reviews of ''The Vine of Desire''
*{{cite news |title=The Vine of Desire |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/the-vine-of-desire/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=15 November 2001}}
*{{cite news |title=The Vine of Desire |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780385497299 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=26 November 2001}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Aldama |first1=Frederick Luis |title=Reviewed Work: The Vine of Desire by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni |journal=[[World Literature Today]] |date=April–June 2003 |volume=77 |issue=1 |page=78 |doi=10.2307/40157799|jstor=40157799 }}</ref>
* ''Queen of Dreams'' (2004)<ref>Reviews of ''Queen of Dreams''
*{{cite news |last1=Sahgal |first1=Tara |title=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's 'Queen Of Dreams' is a modern American immigrant saga |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/books/story/20041206-book-review-queen-of-dreams-by-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-788925-2004-12-05|df=dmy-all |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[India Today]] |date=January 18, 2012}}
*{{cite news |title=Queen of Dreams |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780385506823 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=9 August 2004}}
*{{cite news |title=Queen of Dreams |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/queen-of-dreams-2/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=July 15, 2004}}</ref>
* ''The Lives of Strangers'' (2007)
* ''[[The Palace of Illusions: A Novel]]'' (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/sep/27/palace-illusions-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni|title=The Palace of Illusions by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni|last=Purdon|first=James|date=2009-09-27|work=The Guardian|df=dmy-all|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
* ''[[One Amazing Thing]]'' (2010)
* ''Oleander Girl'' (2013)<ref>Reviews of ''Oleander Girl''
*{{cite news |title=Oleander Girl |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781451695656 |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=April 1, 2013}}
*{{cite news |title=Oleander Girl |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/oleander-girl/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=15 January 2013}}</ref>
* ''Before We Visit the Goddess'' (2016)<ref>Saraswat, Surbhi. "Myth & Gender: A Critical Reading of Chitra Banerjee Devakaruni’s Before We Visit the Goddess." International Journal of English Language, Literature in Humanities 6.2 (2018): 748-754.</ref><ref>Reviews of ''Before We Visit the Goddess''
*{{cite news |title=Before We Visit the Goddess |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/before-we-visit-the-goddess/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=March 1, 2016}}
*{{cite news |last1=Patel |first1=Pooja |title=Book Review: Before We Visit the Goddess |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-book-review-before-we-visit-the-goddess-2222544 |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Zee Media Corporation#Online|DNA India]] |date=5 December 2017}}</ref>
* ''The Forest of Enchantments'' (2019)<ref>Review of ''The Forest of Enchantments''
*{{cite journal |last1=Ray |first1=Samrat |title=The forest of enchantments (Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni) |journal=Journal of Medical Evidence |date=May–August 2021 |volume=2 |issue=2 |page=372 |doi=10.4103/JME.JME_69_21 |s2cid=237394964 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A674119495/AONE|via=Gale|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''The Last Queen'' (2021)
* ''[[Independence (novel)|Independence]]'' (2023)<ref>Reviews of ''Independence''
*{{cite news |last1=Kapoor |first1=Mina |title=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Partition tale, 'Independence' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/book-review-chitra-banerjee-divakaruni-independence-partition-sisters-freedom-harper-collins-india-pakistan-muslim-league/article66199309.ece |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 November 2022}}
*{{cite news |title=Independence |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780063142381 |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=1 November 2022}}
*{{cite news |title=Independence |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/independence-divakaruni/ |access-date=10 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=15 November 2022}}</ref>

=== Young adult and children's ===
* ''Neela: Victory Song'' (2002)
* ''Grandma and the Great Gourd'' (2013) (children's picture book)<ref>Reviews of ''Grandma and the Great Gourd''
*{{cite news |title=Grandma and the Great Gourd: A Bengali Folktale |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781596433786 |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=11 February 2013}}
*{{cite news |title=Grandma and the Great Gourd |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/grandma-and-great-gourd/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=1 February 2013}}</ref>

==== Brotherhood of the Conch series ====
* ''[[The Conch Bearer]]'' (2003)
* ''[[The Mirror of Fire and Dreaming]]'' (2005)
* ''Shadowland'' (2009)<ref>Review of ''Shadowland''
*{{cite news |title=Shadowland |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chitra-banerjee-divakaruni/shadowland/ |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |date=15 March 2009}}</ref>

=== Poetry ===
* "Dark like the River", 1987.
* ''The Reason for Nasturtiums'', Berkeley (Berkeley Poets Workshop) 1990. {{ISBN|978-0-917658-28-0}}
* ''Black Candle. Poems About Women from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh'', Corvallis (Calyx Books) 1991. {{ISBN|978-0-934971-74-4}}
* ''Leaving Yuba City'', St. Louis (Turtleback Books) 1997. {{ISBN|978-1-4177-1097-3}}<ref>Review of ''Leaving Yuba City''
*{{cite news |title=Leaving Yuba City: Poems |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780385488549 |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=14 July 1997}}</ref>

=== Anthologies ===
* ''Multitude: Cross Cultural Readings for Writers'' (1993)
* ''We Too Sing America'' (1997)
* ''California Uncovered: Stories for the 21st Century'' (2004)

==Personal life==
Divakaruni lives in Houston with her husband, Murthy. She has two sons, Anand and Abhay (whose names she has used in her children's novels).<ref>[http://www.chitradivakaruni.com/about/bio/ Author's Bio on her webpage]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Literature}}
* [[List of Indian Americans]]
* [[Indian English literature]]
* [[List of Asian American writers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Abcarian, Richard and Marvin Klotz. "Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni." In ''Literature: The Human Experience'', 9th edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006: 1544.
* {{cite book|last1=Cheung|first1=King-Kok|title=Words matter conversations with Asian American writers|date=2000|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press in association with UCLA Asian American Studies Center, Los Angeles|location=Honolulu|isbn=9780585469423|oclc=52974184}}
* Softsky, Elizabeth. "Cross Cultural Understanding Spiced with the Indian Diaspora." ''Black Issues in Higher Education'' 14 (15):26. 18 September 1997.
* X.J. Kennedy et al. ''The Bedford Reader'', 10th edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007: 446.
* Majithia, Sheetal. "Of Foreigners and Fetishes: A Reading of Recent South Asian American Fiction." ''Samar'' 14: The South Asian American Generation (Fall/Winter 2001): 52–53. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140112040407/http://samarmagazine.org/archive/articles/59 Of Foreigners and Fetishes | Samar Magazine]
* Newton, Pauline T. ''Transcultural Women of Later Twentieth Century US American Literature''. Ashgate Publishing, 2005.
* Merlin, Lara. "The Mistress of Spices." ''World Literature Today''. University of Oklahoma. 1 January 1998.
* Johnson, Sarah Anne. "Writing outside the Lines." ''Writer'' 117(3):20 Mar 2004.
* Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath. ''Asian American Novelists A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook''. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2000. {{ISBN|9780313309113}}
* {{Cite journal | last = Zupančič | first = Metka | title = The power of storytelling: an interview with Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni | journal = [[Contemporary Women's Writing]] | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–101 | doi = 10.1093/cww/vpr023 | date = July 2012 | doi-access = free }}

==External links==
* {{wikiquote-inline|Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni}}
* {{Official website|http://www.chitradivakaruni.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|id=2117209|name=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni}}
* {{ISFDB name|id=Chitra_Banerjee_Divakaruni|name=Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni}}

{{American Book Awards}}
{{American Book Awards (2020–2039)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee}}
[[Category:21st-century American novelists]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American women short story writers]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Wright State University alumni]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:University of Houston faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:American people of Bengali descent]]
[[Category:20th-century American novelists]]
[[Category:American novelists of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American women writers of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American short story writers of Asian descent]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century American short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American women novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century American women novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award winners]]
[[Category:American Book Award winners]]
[[Category:Novelists from Texas]]
[[Category:American women academics]]

Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs 2019

2025-09-10T01:07:15Z

OlivaGabel6: Stub

{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox television season
| image = lil champs.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Official poster
| num_episodes = 35
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2019|2|9|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2019|06|09|df=y}}
| prev_season = [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2017|2017]]
| next_season = [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2020|2020]]
}}
'''''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2019''''' is an Indian reality television program that premiered on 9 February 2019 and ended on 9 June 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/zoom/telly-talk/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-launch-event-shaan-richa-sharma-amaal-mallik/22336|title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs launch event|last=|first=|date=|website=Times Now News|language=hi|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> on Zee TV. The series, a children's singing competition, was hosted by [[Ravi Dubey]] and judged by [[Amaal Malik]], [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]] and [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]. It was the 7th season of the franchise and was won by 14-year-old Sugandha Date.<ref name="auditionsdatelil">{{cite web|url=https://www.auditionsdate.in/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-2019-judges|title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2019 Judges, Host And Start Date|website=Auditionsdate.in|date=11 January 2019|accessdate=14 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www-latestly-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/ravi-dubey-and-aditya-narayan-swap-places-former-to-host-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-aditya-approached-for-rising-star-3-589138.html/amp?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQCCAE%3D#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latestly.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Fravi-dubey-and-aditya-narayan-swap-places-former-to-host-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-aditya-approached-for-rising-star-3-589138.html|title=Ravi Dubey And Aditya Narayan Swap Places; Former To Host Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs; Aditya Approached for Rising Star 3!|website=Latestly-com.cdn.ampproject.org|date=14 January 2019|accessdate=15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auditiondate.in/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-auditions-registration|title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2018–19 Auditions and Registration|work=www.auditiondate.in|date=24 October 2018|accessdate=15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/launch-date-for-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-on-zee-tv-confirmed/|title=Launch date for 'Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs' on ZEE TV confirmed|first=Raj|last=Baddhan|date=16 January 2019|website=Bizasialive.com|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref>

==Format==
Children aged 5 – 15 years participate in a singing competition. In the auditions round, they have 100 seconds to impress the three judges and the 30-members of the grand jury. If two of the three judges say YES and they secure at least 50 per cent of the support of the Grand Jury, then the contestant progresses to the next round.

In the Gala round, the judges select the 'Student of the Week' who is the best performer according to them. The contestant gets to sit on a 'flying sofa', which indicates that the contestant is safe from next week's elimination.

The last episode would be called as Grand finale and would be crowded winner among the top 7 finalists.<ref>{{URL|1=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-season-6-review-fabulous-performances-by-the-tiny-tots-kickstarts-himesh-reshammiyas-show-on-a-fantastic-note/|2=L'il Champs 2019 finalists}}</ref>

==Grand jury==
There were 30 jurists who score each contestant up to 10 points for the strength of their performance. The contestants' points were averaged, and if any performer receives 100% her/his performance becomes a "Chartbuster Performance". The jurists were:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saregamapavote.com/2019/02/saregamapa-2019-lil-champs-30-grand-jury-members.html|title=SaReGaMaPa 2019 Lil Champs 30 Grand Jury Members List revealed|first=Sona|last=Jain|website=Saregamapavote.com|accessdate=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042959/https://www.saregamapavote.com/2019/02/saregamapa-2019-lil-champs-30-grand-jury-members.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Grand Jury==
{{columns-list|
* [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
* [[Sanchita Bhattacharya]]
* Ram Shankar
* [[Vaishali Mhade]]
* [[Ami Mishra]]
* Farhad Bhiwandiwala
* Bhavya Pandit
* [[Raman Mahadevan]]
* Kiran Kamath
* Arpita Mukherjee
* Sarfaraz Ahmed Khan
* [[Vipin Aneja]]
* Rishikesh Kamerkar
* [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]]
* Hamsika Iyer
* Padma Wadekar
* [[Pawni Pandey]]
* Arvinder Singh Arv
* Vinod Hasal
* [[Suzanne D'Mello]]
* [[Debojit Saha]]
* [[Sumedha Karmahe]]
* Sanjeevani Bhelande
* Sudhakar Sharma
* Qadir Mustafa
* [[Soham Chakraborty (singer)|Soham Chakraborty]]
* Hrishikesh Chury
* Sandeep Thakur
* Tuheen Chakravorty
* Paroma Dasgupta
* Pradip Saran
* Ghanshyam Vaswani
* Murtuza Mustafa
* Sunil Das
}}

==Top 16 Contestants==
After the "Mega Audition", the show received its top 16 singers, 9 of whom where eliminated in the weeks prior to the finale who are as follows:

*Laisel Rai – eliminated on 24 March 2019
*Abhiroop Kundu – eliminated on 24 March 2019
*Vansh Wadhwa – eliminated on 21 April 2019
*Mithila Mali – eliminated on 21 April 2019
*Swarnali Acharya – eliminated on 12 May 2019
*Aavya Saxena – eliminated on 12 May 2019
*Bhavish Mattu – eliminated on 2 June 2019
*Pickosa Moharkar – eliminated on 2 June 2019
*Ritik Gupta – eliminated on 2 June 2019

===Top 7 finalists===
The following top seven finalists went on to the grand finale:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://totalreporter.com/zee-tv-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-little-champs-2017-details-audition-dates-venues-online-registration/|title=Top 16 finalists of Saregamapa L'il Champs 2019|date=7 March 2019 }} Retrieved on 7 March 2019</ref>

*Sugandha Date – Winner<ref name=":0">{{URL|1=
https://zeenews.india.com/television/sugandha-date-wins-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-2210429.html|2=Sugandha Date wins Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs}} Retrieved on 9 June 2019</ref>
*Mohammed Faiz – First runner-up
*Pritam Acharya – second runner-up<ref name=":0" />
*Aayush K.C – Finalist
*Anushka Patra – Finalist
*Aastha Das – Finalist
*Swaransh Tiwari – Finalist<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-li-il-champs-grand-finale-list-of-top-6-contestants-and-their-best-performances-2758802|title='Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'il Champs' Grand Finale: List of top 7 contestants and their best performances}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-sugandha-date-won-the-musical-reality-show-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-2019-2568755.html|title=Sugandha Date won the musical reality show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs|date=10 June 2019|access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref>

===Contestants===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
| Sugandha Date
| {{Won|place=1|'''Winner'''}}
|-
| Mohammed Faiz
| {{Won|place=2|'''1st Runner up'''}}
|-
| Pritam Acharya
| {{Won|place=3|'''2nd Runner up'''}}
|-
| Aayush K.C.
| {{CFinalist|'''Finalist'''}}
|-
| Anushka Patra
| {{CFinalist|'''Finalist'''}}
|-
| Aastha Das
| {{CFinalist|'''Finalist'''}}
|-
| Swaransh Tiwari
| {{CFinalist|'''Finalist'''}}
|}

===Grand finale===
In the grand finale the show had 100 piece grand symphony orchestra, a first for Indian television. The show also invited three professional singers:<ref>{{URL|1=
https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/tv/sugandha-date-wins-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-2019/ar-AACCOwW?li=AA51UE |2=L'il Champs 2019 celebration}} Retrieved on 9 June 2019</ref>
*[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
*[[Kumar Sanu]]
*[[Mika Singh]]

==See also==
*[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]
*[[Superstar Singer]]
*[[The Voice India Kids]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-2019/0-6-1317 Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2019] Streaming on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]
[[Category:2019 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Zee TV original programming]]

Lalthanmawia Renthlei

2025-08-29T18:46:55Z

OlivaGabel6:

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Amawia
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Lalthanmawia Renthlei
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|05|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]], India
| height = 1.71 m
| position = [[Left winger]]
| currentclub = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| clubnumber = 97
| youthyears1 =2015–2021
| youthclubs1 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| years1 = 2021–2024
| clubs1 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| caps1 = 42
| goals1 = 5
| years2 = 2024–
| clubs2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| club-update = 15:40, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
}}

'''Lalthanmawia Renthlei''' (born 9 May 2002), commonly known by his nickname '''Amawia''', is an Indian professional [[association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[left winger]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24|title=Kerala Blasters FC sign winger R Lalthanmawia|url=https://keralablastersfc.in/kerala-blasters-fc-sign-winger-r-lalthanmawia/|access-date= 2024-06-24|website=Kerala Blasters FC|language=en |archive-date=|archive-url=|url-status= }}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Amawia was born in [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] on 9 May 2002.

===2015–2024 - Aizawl FC===
In 2015, he joined [[Aizawl FC]] under-14 academy. After six years of impressive performance in the academy, he was promoted to their senior team in 2021. He made 42 appearances for the club, scoring five goals and giving eight assists. In 14 May 2024, he announced his departure from [[Aizawl FC]] via his Instagram account,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14|title=Where to start, After years of wearing the badge that gave me the identity and what it's like to be a professional footballer. Today I bid farewell to this chapter of my life.|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C68_wxGSsDq/|access-date=2024-05-14|website=Instagram|language=en |archive-date=|archive-url=|url-status= }}</ref> ending a nine-year stint with the club.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-17|title=Today, we bid farewell to our very own R Lalthanmawia, who joined Aizawl FC Under-14 Academy at the age of 13 and developed into a talented winger with exceptional skills.|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C7EK_ShsqZI/|access-date= 2024-05-17|website=Instagram|language=en |archive-date=|archive-url=|url-status= }}</ref>

===2024–present - Kerala Blasters FC===
On 24 June 2024, [[Indian Super League]] outfit [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]], announced that they have signed Amawia on a three-year deal,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24|title=ISL: Kerala Blasters rope in R Lalthanmawia on multi-year deal|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-isl-kerala-blasters-rope-r-lalthanmawia-multi-year-deal|access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Sportskeeda|language=en |archive-date=|archive-url=|url-status= }}</ref> which will keep him with the club till 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |date=|title=KBFC rope in Lalthanmawia; Ninthoi leaves CFC; MCFC announce Apuia exit.|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kbfc-rope-in-lalthanmawia-ninthoi-leaves-cfc-mcfc-announce-apuia-exit|access-date=2024-06-24|website=Indian Super League|language=en |archive-date=|archive-url=|url-status= }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/112566?type=club Profile] at the [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]].com

[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Aizawl]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Aizawl FC players]]
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
{{Kerala Blasters FC squad}}
{{India-footy-forward-stub}}

First Hemant Soren ministry

2025-08-22T16:01:27Z

OlivaGabel6: Info...

{{short description|Ministers in Government of Jharkhand headed by Chief Minister Hemant Soren}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = the [[State of Jharkhand]]
| flag =
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = Hemant Soren.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Hemant Soren]] [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Jharkhand]]
| date_formed = 13 July 2013
| date_dissolved = 28 December 2014
| government_head = [[Hemant Soren]]
|legislature_status =[[Coalition government|Coalition]]{{Composition bar|43|81|{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}
| deputy_government_head =
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[Syed Ahmed (politician)|Syed Ahmed]]
| former_members_number =
| total_number = 12
| political_parties =
| opposition_party = {{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| opposition_leader = [[Arjun Munda]] ,
[[BJP]]
| election =
| last_election =[[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| legislature_term =5 years (Unless sooner dissolved)
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[President's rule]]
| successor = [[Raghubar Das ministry]]
}}
This is a list of ministers from First Hemant Soren cabinet starting from 13 July 2013 – 28 December 2014. [[Hemant Soren]] is a politician belonging to the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]], and was sworn in as the [[Chief Minister of Jharkhand]] on 13 July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-13 |title=Hemant Soren becomes Jharkhand CM, heads ninth government |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/jharkhand-hemant-soren-sworn-in-as-ninth-chief-minister-president-rule-revoked-170158-2013-07-12 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

On 13 July 2013, [[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]] of [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Annpurna Devi]] of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] were sworn in as cabinet ministers along with Hemant Soren as Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-07-13 |title=Hemant Soren becomes Jharkhand CM, heads 9th government in 13 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/hemant-soren-becomes-jharkhand-cm-heads-9th-government-in-13-years/articleshow/21051174.cms |access-date=2024-08-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=Hemant Soren sworn in as Jharkhand Chief Minister |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/top-stories/hemant-soren-sworn-in-as-jharkhand-chief-minister.html |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2013-07-13 |title=Hemant Soren takes oath as ninth CM of Jharkhand |url=https://twocircles.net/2013jul13/hemant_soren_sworn_jharkhand_cm.html |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Ministers ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! SI No.
! Name
! Constituency
! Department
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
! Termstart
! Termend
|- style="text-align:center; height:60px;"
|-
| 1.
| '''[[Hemant Soren]]''' [[List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand|Chief Minister]]
|[[Dumka (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dumka]]
|
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|13 July 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 2.
| '''[[Rajendra Prasad Singh (Bihar and Jharkhand politician)|Rajendra Prasad Singh]]'''
| [[Bermo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bermo]]
|
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|13 July 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 3.
| '''[[Annpurna Devi]]'''
| [[Kodarma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
|• Irrigation • Women and Child Welfare
| {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|13 July 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
|4.
|'''[[Haji Hussain Ansari]]'''
|[[Madhupur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Madhupur]]
|
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|4 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
|5.
|'''[[Jai Prakash Bhai Patel]]'''
|[[Mandu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandu]]
|
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|4 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
|6.
|'''[[Simon Marandi]]'''
|[[Litipara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Litipara]]
|
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|4 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
|7.
|'''[[Champai Soren]]'''
|[[Seraikella (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Seraikella]]
|•Food and Civil Supplies •Transport
|{{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|4 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 8.
| '''Geeta Shree Oraon'''
| [[Sisai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sisai]]
|
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|4 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 9.
| '''[[Suresh Paswan]]'''
| [[Deoghar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Deoghar]]
|
| {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|4 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 10.
| '''[[Chandra Shekhar Dubey]]'''
| [[Bishrampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bishrampur]]
|• Rural Development
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|24 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 11.
| '''Mannan Mallick'''
| [[Dhanbad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]]
|
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|24 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
| 12.
| '''[[Yogendra Sao]]'''
| [[Barkagaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barkagaon]]
|• Agriculture
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
|24 August 2013
|28 December 2014
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]
* [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Arjun Munda third ministry]]
* [[Raghubar Das ministry]]
* [[Second Hemant Soren ministry]]
* [[Third Hemant Soren ministry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hemant Soren ministry}}
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2013|Hemant I]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2014|Hemant I]]
[[Category:Jharkhand ministries|Hemant I]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal]]

IITB-Monash Research Academy

2025-07-27T09:44:45Z

OlivaGabel6: made basic entry nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
The '''IITB-Monash Research Academy''' is a graduate research school located in [[Mumbai]], India. It opened in 2008 as a [[joint venture]] between the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] and [[Monash University]]. Students of the Academy study for a dual [[PhD]] from both institutions, spending time in both Australia and India, with supervisors from both IITB and Monash.<ref name="IITB-Monash Research Academy">{{cite web |url=http://www.iitbmonash.org/about.html |title=IITB-Monash Research Academy |publisher=Iitbmonash.org |accessdate=2009-11-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310194353/http://www.iitbmonash.org/about.html |archivedate=10 March 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The establishment of the academy marked the first time that an Australian university has set up an extensive physical presence in India.<ref name="monash1">{{cite web|url=http://www.monash.edu.au/news/monashmemo/stories/20060308/india.html |title=Monash-India sign landmark agreement - (Monash Memo, 8 March 2006) |publisher=Monash.edu.au |date=2006-03-08 |accessdate=2009-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/01/2673549.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904133232/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/01/2673549.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2009 |title=India to open door to Australian universities|website=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=2009-09-01 |accessdate=2009-11-21|last1=Andersen |first1=Brigid }}</ref>

== History ==
In 2006, vice-chancellor of Monash [[Richard Larkins]] went on a tour of India with senior Monash staff and an executive from [[BHP]]. The tour was led by Monash Dean of Engineering Tam Sridhar, an Indian-Australian professor. The team met with research institutions, public officials and industry research bodies around the country.<ref>Graeme Davison & Kate Murphy, ''University Unlimited: The Monash Story'', [[Allen & Unwin]], p 318</ref>

After extensive negotiations, Monash University and IITB signed an agreement to undertake joint research and establish a graduate research school together. The agreement was signed on 7 March 2006 in the presence of then Australian Prime Minister [[John Howard]].<ref name="monash1"/> The academy attracted early industry support, with a commitment from BHP and [[Infosys]] to joint research and commercialisation.

The academy was officially opened on 26 November 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitbmonash.org/Resources/News/DOC230109.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=26 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913173020/http://www.iitbmonash.org/Resources/News/DOC230109.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 36 research projects began immediately, with several hundred further projects in the planning phase.

By June 2009, 41 PhD students were enrolled at the academy.<ref name="monash2">{{cite web|url=http://www.monash.edu.au/pubs/monmag/issue24-2009/inbrief/students-embrace.html |title=In brief, Monash Magazine, Issue 24 October 2009 |publisher=Monash.edu.au |date=2009-10-24 |accessdate=2009-11-21}}</ref> By 2012, that number had risen to 80.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.monash.edu.au/news/show/scientific-solutions-for-grand-challenges|title = Scientific solutions for grand challenges}}</ref> It is expected that the Academy will eventually house around 250-300 PhD students at any one time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitbmonash.org/about-us/|title = About Us | IITB-Monash Research Academy}}</ref>

== Research ==

The academy's research encompasses a range of issues of concern to industry and government in [[Australia]] and [[India]].<ref name="IITB-Monash Research Academy"/> This includes [[clean energy]], [[water]], [[biotechnology]], [[infrastructure engineering]], [[stem cells]], advanced [[computational engineering]] and [[nanotechnology]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://education.mathrubhumi.com/php/news_events_details.php?nid=6981 |title=Mathrubhumi Education |publisher=Education.mathrubhumi.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-21 |archive-date=28 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028195943/http://education.mathrubhumi.com/php/news_events_details.php?nid=6981 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The academy has five foundation partners, each of whom will contribute around $1–2 million in research sponsorship in the early years of the academy. The foundation partners were [[Infosys]], [[BHP]], [[Shell plc|Shell]], the [[CSIRO]] and the [[Australian Stem Cell Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitbmonash.org/Resources/News/4-10-09_TFE.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218041140/http://www.iitbmonash.org/Resources/News/4-10-09_TFE.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/automobile/michelin-iit-bombay-join-hands-for-sustainable-mobility-research-121021600512_1.html| title=Michelin, IIT Bombay join hands for sustainable mobility research | language=en |accessdate=2022-07-25}}</ref>

== Location ==
The academy is located at IITB's campus in [[Powai]], Mumbai.<ref name="monash2"/>

== Governance ==
The IITB-Monash Research Academy is governed by a board of directors, advisory council (a consultative body), and chief executive officer. The board consists primarily of senior management figures from Monash and IITB. The advisory council is made up of leaders from scientific research and industry, including [[N. R. Narayana Murthy|Narayana Murthy]] (founder of Indian software company [[Infosys]]) and Australian biologist [[Gustav Nossal]].<ref name="IITB-Monash Research Academy"/> [[Mohan Krishnamoorthy]] was the CEO of the Academy from 2008-2015. Professor [[Murali Sastry]] was the CEO from 2015-2020. The current CEO{{as of?|date=July 2023}} is [[M. S. Unnikrishnan]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website|iitbmonash.org}}
<div class="Boxmerge">
{{Monash University}}
</div>
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2008]]
[[Category:Monash University]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay]]
[[Category:Education in Mumbai]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in India]]

Mahanandpur

2024-02-22T21:52:34Z

OlivaGabel6: adding initial details more to come

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahanandpur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.23935|N|79.21244|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.663
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 944
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mahanandpur''' ({{IAST|Mahānandpur}}) is a village in [[Bewar, Mainpuri|Bewar]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 944, in 164 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Mahanandpur had a population of 944, in 164 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|186}} This population was 51.2% male (483) and 48.8% female (461). The 0-6 age group numbered 147 (76 male and 71 female), or 15.6% of the total population. No residents were members of Scheduled Castes.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|136-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Mahanandpur as having a population of 545 people, in 106 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|180-1}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Mahanandpur as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 710 people (379 male and 331 female), in 63 households and 53 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 169 acres; it was then counted as part of [[Allau]] block.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|cii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Mahanandpur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|186-91}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Share bazaar

2023-10-13T01:37:19Z

OlivaGabel6: adding new details

'''Share bazaar''' may refer to:

* [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]
* [[National Stock Exchange of India]]
* ''[[Share Bazaar (film)]]'', a 1997 Bollywood film

{{Disambiguation}}

Stella Maris College

2023-09-30T21:32:47Z

OlivaGabel6: adding a article

'''Stella Maris College''' may refer to:

* Stella Maris Presentation College, a parent college of [[Nagle Catholic College]] in Geraldton, Australia
* Stella Maris College, a parent college of [[Chanel College (Gladstone)|Chanel College]] in Gladstone, Australia
* [[Stella Maris College (Frankston)]], in Melbourne, Australia
* [[Stella Maris College, Manly]], in Sydney, Australia
* [[Stella Maris College, Chennai]], in Chennai, India
* [[Stella Maris College (Malta)]], a [[Lasallian educational institutions|Lasallian educational institution]] in Malta
* [[Stella Maris College (Meerssen)]], in [[Meerssen]], the Netherlands
* [[Stella Maris College (Valkenburg)]], in [[Valkenburg aan de Geul]], the Netherlands
* [[Stella Maris College, Port Harcourt]], Nigeria
* [[Stella Maris College Quezon City]], in the Philippines
* Stella Maris College, [[Nkokonjeru]], Uganda
* [[Stella Maris College (Montevideo)]], in Montevideo, Uruguay

==See also==
* [[Stella Maris (disambiguation)]]

{{schooldis}}

Kinana railway station

2023-09-30T19:16:06Z

OlivaGabel6: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of railway stations in Haryana]]

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{{R to related topic}}
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Vedic hymns

2014-06-02T22:02:11Z

OlivaGabel6: creating new data more to come

#REDIRECT [[Vedic chant]]