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Hemchander Chunder

2026-05-02T21:11:29Z

Ola22W86488:

{{notability|1=Biographies|date=March 2026}}
{{Short description|Indian filmmaker, film director, Writer and editor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hemchandra Chunder
| native_name =
| alias =
| image =
| birth_date = 1907
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1964|12|04|1907|df=y}}
| death_place = Rajgir. [[India]]
| father =
| mother =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Filmmaker
| spouse =
| years_active =
| children =
}}

''' Hemchandra Chunder''' (1924 – 04 December 1964) <ref>{{Cite web|url= https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/hemchandra-chunder/IEIN112252 |title= Hemchandra Chunder |website= in.bookmyshow.com }}</ref> was an Indian filmmaker, film director, writer and editor, who directed all-time classics like Madh Bhare Nain, Chhoti Maa etc He also wrote stories and screenplays. He completed his intermediate course from St Xavier's College Kolkata then he admitted to the Presidency College. During his time at Presidency College, he was active in amateur theatre, collaborating with legendary figures like Sisir Bhaduri and Naresh Mitra.
<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.moviebuff.com/hemchandra-chunder|title= Hemchandra Chunder |website= moviebuff.com }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://indiancine.ma/FFG/info |title= Hemchandra Chunder |website= indiancine.ma }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mdblist.com/movies/?director=1636117&mediatype=movie |title= The best Hem Chunder directed Movies |website= mdblist.com }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://chiloka.com/celebrity/hemchandra-chunder |title= Hemchandra Chunder |website= chiloka.com }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mabumbe.com/movies/people/1321823/hemchandra-chunde |title= The best Hem Chunder directed Movies |website= mabumbe.com }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.binged.com/person/hemchandra-chunder-2/ |title= Hemchandra Chunder |website= binged.com }}</ref>
==Death==
Dutt died on December 04, 1964, at Rajgir due to heart attack.
==Selected filmography==
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|}}
# Natun Fasal (Bengali) ● 1960
# Manmoyee Girls' School (Bengali) ● 1958
#[[ Bandhan (1956 film)]] (Hindi) ● 1956
# [[Madh Bhare Nain]] (Hindi) ● 1955
# Teen Bhai (Hindi) ● 1955
# Chitrangada (Bengali) ● 1954
# Chhoti Maa (Hindi) ● 1952
# Bishnupriya (Bengali) ● 1949
# [[Pratibad (1948 film)|Pratibad]] (Bengali) ● 1948
# [[Meri Bahen]] (Hindi) ● 1944
# Wapas (Hindi) ● 1943
# Saugandh (Hindi) ● 1942
# Pratisruti (Bengali) ● 1941
# Jawani Ki Reet (Hindi) ● 1939
# Parajay (Hindi) ● 1939
# Anath Ashram (Hindi) ● 1937
# Karodpati(Hindi)● 1936
#[[Karwan-E-Hayat]] (Urdu) ● 1935

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name| 0161172}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chundur, Hem Chandra}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:Film directors from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Hindi film editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:1964 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Rashid Meer

2026-05-01T04:22:12Z

Ola22W86488: new new info and citations

{{Short description|Gujarati poet (1950–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Rashid Meer
| image = Poet Rashid Meer (Cropped).jpg
| caption = Meer at Atma Auditorium, Ahmedabad on 6 November 2016
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Rashid Kamaluddin Meer
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1950|6|1}}
| birth_place = Thasra, Padal, [[Kheda]], [[Bombay State]], India
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|2021|5|11|1950|6|1}}
| occupation = poet, critic, editor, researcher
| death_place = [[Vadodara]], Gujarat, India
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = Indian
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education = * Master of Arts
* Ph.D
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
| period = postmodern [[Gujarati literature]]
| genre = [[ghazal]]
| subjects = [[love]] and [[spirituality]]
| movement =
| notableworks = * ''Gujarati Ghazal Ni Saundarya Mimansha''
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Shayda Award]] (2003)
| signature = Poet Rashid Meer Autograph.svg
| years_active = 1968 - 2021
| module = {{Infobox academic
| child = yes
| doctoral_advisor = Lovekumar Desai
| thesis_title = Aesthetics of Gujarati gazal after 1942
| thesis_url= http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/59105
}}
}}
'''Rashid Meer''' (1 June 1950 – 11 May 2021) was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] [[ghazal]] poet, critic, editor, and researcher from India.<ref name="gs">{{cite encyclopedia|year=1990|title=Meer Rashid Kamaluddin|encyclopedia=Gujarati Sahitya Kosh (Encyclopedia of Gujarati literature|publisher=Gujarati Sahitya Parishad|location=Ahmedabad|volume=2}}</ref>

He was a founder editor of ''[[Dhabak]]'', a Gujarati ghazal poetry journal. He received his Ph.D. His significant works include ''Saat Suka Pandada'' (1993), ''Ghazal Nu Pariprekshya'' (1995), ''Thes'' (1998), and ''Adhakhula Dhwar'' (1999). The Indian National Theater, [[Mumbai]], conferred the [[Shayda Award]] (2003) on him for his contributions to Gujarati ghazal poetry.<ref name= "rm">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Radheshyam |date=2014 |title=Saksharno Sakshatkar (Question-based Interviews with biographical literary sketches |location= Ahmedabad |publisher=Rannade Prakashan |page=390 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Meer was born in Thasra, a village in Padal of [[Kheda district]], to Kamaluddin Meer and Halima Meer. He completed his S.S.C. in 1968 from Sharada Mandir High School, Menpura. He completed a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1973 at Arts and Commerce College, [[Balasinor]], and a [[Master of Arts]] in 1975 from C. B. Patel Arts College, [[Nadiad]] with Gujarati literature as one of his subjects. He completed his B. Ed. in 1980 from the Faculty of Education, [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] and obtained his Ph.D.{{when|date=July 2016}} for his dissertation, ''Gujarati Ghazal Ni Saundarya Mimansa'' from the same university.<ref name= "gs"/>

He died of [[COVID-19]] on 11 May 2021 at [[Vadodara]].<ref name="Divya Bhaskar 2021">{{cite news|title=દુખદ: જાણીતા ગઝલકાર ડો.રશીદ મીરનું કોરોના બાદ નિધન|newspaper=Divya Bhaskar|date=12 May 2021|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/vadodara/news/well-known-ghazal-singer-dr-rashid-mir-passed-away-after-korona-128484655.html|language=gu|access-date=12 May 2021|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512082609/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/vadodara/news/well-known-ghazal-singer-dr-rashid-mir-passed-away-after-korona-128484655.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
Meer started his career as a teacher at M.E.H Girls High School, [[Vadodara]]. He started his writing career in 1968 with influences of [[Ghalib]], Faiz, [[Jigar Moradabadi]] and [[Kalidasa]]. In the same year, his ghazal came out for first time in Gujarati magazine ''Jay Jay''. He served as an administrator of Muslim Educational Society, Vadodara and wrote column ''Gulchhadi'' in ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'' on every Tuesday. He was a founder editor of Gujarati ghazal poetry journal ''[[Dhabak]]'' in 1991.<ref name= "gs"/><ref name= "rm"/>

== Works ==
His first ghazal anthology, ''Thes'', was published in 1985, followed by ''Chitkaar'' (1987), ''Saat Suka Pandada'' (1993), ''Khali Hathno Vaibhav'' (1996), ''Adhakhula Dhwar'' (1999), ''Rubaru'' (2002) and ''Laapata ni Shodh'' (2010).<ref>{{cite book |title=Sandhyadeep |editor1=Dinesh Dongre 'Nadan' |editor2=Ashok Jani 'Aanand' |year=2018 |publisher=Rannade Prakashan |location=Ahmedabad |page=1 |isbn=978-93-86685-56-8}}</ref>

=== Criticism ===
His criticism of ghazal poetry includes;
* ''Gujarati Ghazalni Saundarya Mimansa'' (1990; Ph.D. theses)
* ''Ghazal Nu Paripreksha'' (1995)
* ''Aapna Ghazalsarjako'' (1996)
* ''Ghazal Vivaksha'' (2000)
* ''Ghazal Vilokana'' (2001)
* ''Ghazal Lok'' (2008)
* ''Jigar Muradabadi'' (2002)
* ''Faiz Ahmed Faiz'' (2005)
* ''Ghazal Vanchana'' (2015)

=== Compilation ===
* ''Ghazal Nu Shil Ane Saundarya'' (1988)
* ''Ghazals From Gujarati'' (English translation of selected Gujarati ghazals; 1996)
* ''Ghazal Vimarsh'' (1998)
* ''Suralay'' (2001)
* ''Diwan-e-Patil'' (Unpublished works of Patil; 2003)
* ''Gulchhadi'' Vol. 1 (2010) <ref name= "rm"/>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meer, Rashid}}
[[Category:Gujarati-language poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara district]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]

Abhisar Sharma

2026-04-25T04:34:46Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
'''Abhisar Sharma''' is an Indian journalist and YouTuber.<ref name="t700">{{cite web | title=Assam Police File Sedition Case Against Journalist Abhisar Sharma Over Video Criticising CM | website=The Wire | date=22 August 2025 | url=https://m.thewire.in/article/media/assam-police-file-sedition-case-against-journalist-abhisar-sharma-over-video-criticising-cm | access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref> In 2008, he was awarded with [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards]].<ref name="o849">{{cite web | title=RNG Awards 2008 | website=Ramnath Goenka Awards | url=https://rngfoundation.com/awards/pastawards/2008.html | access-date=22 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Journalist Abhisar Sharma receives Ramnath Goenka Award for excellence in Hindi Journalism | date=5 January 2019 | url=https://hwnews.in/news/national-news/abhisar-sharma-ramnath-goenka-award/70907/ }}</ref> The [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] described him as a "prominent video journalist known for his critical views of the government".<ref name="t711">{{cite web | last=Mateen | first=Zoya | title=NewsClick: India police arrest journalists over China funding claims | website=BBC News | date=2023-10-03 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66909370.amp | access-date=2025-08-24}}</ref>

==Career==

In 2018, while reporting for the [[ABP News]], he justapoxed two crimes in Uttar Pradesh on the day when Narendra Modi was campaigning in the state and hailing the Yogi government for improving the law and order.<ref name="y246">{{cite book | last=Manglik | first=Mr Rohit | title=Media Occupations and Functions: [9789368757658] | publisher=EduGorilla Publication | date=2023-11-23 | isbn=978-93-6875-765-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lFEzEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA260 | access-date=2025-08-24 | page=260}}</ref> He was then asked by the ABP news to go off-air, before he resigned after a long leave.<ref name="g769">{{cite book | last=Borchard | first=Gregory A. | title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Journalism: 2nd Edition | publisher=SAGE Publications | date=2022-02-22 | isbn=978-1-5443-9118-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KvJbEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT79 | access-date=2025-08-24 | page=79}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Abhisar Sharma formally quits ABP News | website=Newslaundry | date=2018-09-03 | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/09/03/abp-news-abhisar-sharma-resigns | access-date=2025-08-24}}</ref>

Sharma was among the journalists whose home was searched in October 2023, over the government's investigation against the outlet ''[[NewsClick]]''.<ref name="v828">{{cite web | title=UAPA case against NewsClick, journalists detained, cops search homes | website=Newslaundry | date=2023-10-03 | url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/10/03/over-a-month-after-newsclick-china-funding-row-cops-search-homes-of-journalists | access-date=2025-08-24}}</ref><ref name="v576">{{cite web | title=newsclick: NewsClick row: Delhi Police calls journalist Abhisar Sharma again for questioning | website=The Economic Times | date=2023-10-05 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/newsclick-row-delhi-police-calls-journalist-abhisar-sharma-again-for-questioning/articleshow/104183701.cms?from=mdr | access-date=2025-08-24}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Abhisar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Shakhahaari

2026-04-24T02:49:20Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shakhahaari
| image = Shakhahaari.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Sandeep Sunkad
| writer = Sandeep Sunkad
| story = S. R. Girish<br />Sandeep Sunkad
| producer = Rajesh Keelambi<br />Ranjini Prasanna
| starring = {{ubl|[[Rangayana Raghu]]|[[Gopalkrishna Deshpande]]|Vinay UJ|Nidhi Hegde}}
| cinematography = Vishwajith Rao
| editing = Shashank Narayana
| music = Mayur Ambekallu
| studio = Keelambi Media Lab
| distributor = [[KRG Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|02|16}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Shakhahaari''''' ({{Translation|Vegetarian}}) is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[Crime fiction|murder mystery]] film written and directed by debutant Sandeep Sunkad. The film features [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Gopalkrishna Deshpande]], Vinay UJ and Nidhi Hegde in the lead roles. The film's score and soundtrack is composed by Mayur Ambekallu while Vishwajith Rao handled the cinematography and editing by Shashank Narayana. The film was shot extensively in [[Malenadu]] capturing the picturesque landscapes.

The film was released on 16 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakhahaari trailer – Rangayana Raghu is a machete-wielding chef in this intense tale |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaari-trailer-rangayana-raghu-is-a-machete-wielding-chef-in-this-intense-tale/d4fb1cb483991 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214042421/https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaari-trailer-rangayana-raghu-is-a-machete-wielding-chef-in-this-intense-tale/d4fb1cb483991 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Rangayana Raghu's Shakhahari gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/feb/10/rangayana-raghus-shakhahari-gets-a-release-date-51918.html |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214042420/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2024/feb/10/rangayana-raghus-shakhahari-gets-a-release-date-51918.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened to positive reviews from critics and audience. At the [[70th Filmfare Awards South]], the film won under [[Filmfare Award for Best Film - Kannada|Best Film]] category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-22 |title=70th Filmfare Awards South winners list: Pushpa 2, Amaran, Aadujeevitham win big; Amitabh Bachchan bags Best Supporting Actor award. See full list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/70th-filmfare-awards-south-winners-list-pushpa-2-amaran-aadujeevitham-win-big-10545383/ |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Mastikatte Subramanya "Subbanna" Bhat is a middle-aged, soft-spoken chef who operates a small vegetarian restaurant in a rural village—a family-run establishment passed down through three generations. Having remained unmarried following a separation from his girlfriend Subhadra, Subbanna continues to observe her daily as she passes by on a bus route behind the restaurant and exchanges glances with him. One day, an injured fugitive named Vijay—who has escaped police custody and sustained gunshot wounds during an encounter with a unit led by [[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]] Mallikarjuna Hiremath—collapses inside Subbanna's restaurant. Although initially hesitant, Subbanna chooses to conceal Vijay's presence when questioned by the authorities and provides him shelter in his bedroom located at the rear of the establishment. While caring for his injuries, Subbanna learns about Vijay's background and circumstances.

Vijay, who was raised in an orphanage, formed a close bond with a fellow orphan named Harsha, whom he came to regard as family. The two remained inseparable into adulthood. Vijay later secured employment with the [[Border Security Force]]. Seeking to provide Vijay with familial stability, Harsha arranged his marriage to a local woman named Saugandhika. The couple developed a mutual affection, though Vijay's subsequent departure for a two-year military training program broke her. During his absence, Saugandhika entered into an extramarital relationship with a neighbour, Madan—a fact Vijay discovered through a letter from Harsha. Upon confronting her, Saugandhika admitted to the affair but insisted that she still loved Vijay. That night, drunk, Vijay returned home and allegedly witnessed Madan strangling Saugandhika in their room before losing consciousness. The following morning, Vijay was arrested by the police for her murder. With the police prepared to close the case based on the initial evidence, Vijay attempted to escape custody in order to establish his innocence.

Compelled by Vijay's assertions of innocence, Subbanna chooses to shelter and care for him. He even assists in planning Vijay's escape to another village. However, before their plan can be carried out, Vijay dies under unclear circumstances. In an effort to avoid suspicion or criminal charges, Subbanna discreetly disposes of Vijay's body and thoroughly cleans the restaurant premises to eliminate any trace of the incident, by mutilating the body into small parts and throwing them into the kitchen's pyre along with other stock wood. Soon after, a regular customer begins to complain about a persistent unpleasant odour in the establishment, irritating Subbanna. Meanwhile, another patron—Shastry, a nosy and inquisitive local—grows suspicious of Subbanna's behaviour and decides to investigate the matter further, partly driven by personal amusement.

As the investigation progresses, Mallikarjuna begins to suspect Vijay's innocence, informed both by his findings and conversations with Harsha. Considering a successful case closure would expedite his transfer to his hometown—where his ailing wife is recovering—Mallikarjuna continues to pursue the identity of the real killer. His inquiries eventually lead him to Madan, whose whereabouts he begins to trace. Meanwhile, Subbanna receives a letter from Subhadra, who informs him that her marriage has ended poorly and expresses interest in rekindling their relationship, which brings Subbanna a sense of renewed happiness. Shastry—already suspicious—takes note of Subbanna's sudden change in demeanor and following a confrontation in which Subbanna reacts strongly to Shastry's probing, he becomes further convinced that something is wrong. Mallikarjuna, after hearing from Shastry and other locals about the unusual odour in the restaurant and Subbanna's increasingly erratic behaviour, uncovers that Madan is in fact Subbanna's stepbrother. This revelation leads him to confront Subbanna directly.

Subbanna discloses the full truth regarding Madan, a criminal with whom he has long been estranged. On one occasion, a drunken Madan forcibly entered Subbanna's restaurant after hours demanding money. During this confrontation, Subbanna discovers a collection of photographs in Madan's possession, which include images of Vijay and Saugandhika. These photos reveal that Madan has been involved in multiple extramarital affairs, using the threat of exposure to extort money from those involved. Saugandhika was Madan's most recent victim; lacking financial resources, she was killed by Madan, who then sought to implicate Vijay in the murder. When Subbanna attempted to prevent Madan from stealing money and forcibly removed him from the premises, he found Madan dead, leading to a state of panic. Subsequently, Subbanna disposed of Madan's body in the same manner as Vijay's. This revelation explains Subbanna's decision to protect Vijay from the police, as he recognized him from the photographs and felt a sense of responsibility for the crimes committed by his stepbrother.

Shocked by Subbanna's confession, Mallikarjuna demands that he surrender to the police, presenting a recording of their conversation as evidence. However, upon discovering that the recorder was without battery and no conversation was captured, Subbanna mocks Mallikarjuna. In response, Mallikarjuna strikes Subbanna, inadvertently causing a fatal injury when a nail pierces Subbanna's temple. Aware that [[Head constable|Head Constable]] Mamtha Kini—one of his subordinates who is aware Subbanna was last seen by him—is in collusion with a lawyer who has had previous disputes with Mallikarjuna, he opts to dispose of Subbanna's body in the same manner as those of Madan and Vijay. After completing this, Mallikarjuna dies from ingesting a drink laced with rat poison, which Subbanna had given him before his death. The investigation remains open, with the restaurant sealed off as a crime scene. Subhadra, entering the restaurant through the back door one morning, discovers her letter partially burnt on the stove and is left devastated.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Mastikatte Subramanya "Subbanna" Bhat
* [[Gopalkrishna Deshpande]] as SI Mallikarjuna Hiremath
* Sujay Shastry as Shastry
* Harini Srikanth as Subhadra
* Vinay Uj as Vijay
* Nidhi Hegde as Saugandhika
* Prathima Nayak as Headconstable Mamtha Kini
* Shreesharsha Gobhatt as Harsha
* Prashanth Natana as Senior Inspector
}}

== Production ==
The film explored an entirely new avatar of [[Rangayana Raghu]] which sparked curiosity and interest among people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Kannada Actor Rangayana Raghu's Serious Avatar In First Look For Shakahari Amazes Fans |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kannada-actor-rangayana-raghus-serious-avatar-in-first-look-for-shakahari-amazes-fans-8623677.html |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

Before the release of the film, [[Rangayana Raghu]] was awarded with the title of "Abhinayaasura" by the team in the presence of [[Ashwini Puneeth Rajkumar]] and [[Duniya Suri]] for his contribution in the past 35 years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-02-09 |title=ಶಾಖಾಹಾರಿ ಚಿತ್ರತಂಡದಿಂದ 'ಅಭಿನಯಾಸುರ' ಬಿರುದು ಪಡೆದ ರಂಗಾಯಣ ರಘು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/!entertainment/rangayana-raghu-got-the-title-of-abhinayasura-from-shakhahaari-movie-team-kas24020906146 |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065001/https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/!entertainment/rangayana-raghu-got-the-title-of-abhinayasura-from-shakhahaari-movie-team-kas24020906146 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = ''Shakhahaari''
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Mayur Ambekallu
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2024
| recorded = 2024
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 10:58
| label = MRT Music
| producer = Mayur Ambekallu
}}

The soundtrack and background score for the film was composed by Mayur Ambekallu in his debut.{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Sougandhika
| length1 = 4:50
| lyrics1 = Sandeep Sunkad
| extra1 = Siddhartha Belmannu, Aishwarya Rangarajan
| title2 = Soul of Shakhahaari
| length2 = 3:59
| lyrics2 = Vishwajith Rao
| extra2 = [[Chaithra J Achar]]
| title3 = Agali Iralareno
| length3 = 2:49
| lyrics3 = [[Chandrashekhara Kambara]]
| extra3 = Mayur Ambekallu
| total_length = 10:58
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Shakhahaari'' was theatrically released in India on 16 February 2024 and received positive reviews from critics as well as audience. The film had competed 50 day run in selected theatres in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/sandeep_sunkada/p/C5XYYQ-LSrb/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=www.instagram.com |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523141622/https://www.instagram.com/sandeep_sunkada/p/C5XYYQ-LSrb/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film was available for digital streaming in US and UK on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 22 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakhahaari OTT release date: When and where to watch Rangayana Raghu-led thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaari-ott-streaming-date-when-and-where-to-watch-rangayana-raghu-led-thriller/83c9c8520b530 |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=23 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523141621/https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaari-ott-streaming-date-when-and-where-to-watch-rangayana-raghu-led-thriller/83c9c8520b530 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[India]] it started streaming from 23 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakhahaari on OTT: ‘One of the best Kannada films of 2024', 'must-watch thriller', say netizens |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaari-on-ott-one-of-the-best-kannada-films-of-2024-must-watch-thriller-say-netizens/f5fd0587b4527 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526025946/https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaari-on-ott-one-of-the-best-kannada-films-of-2024-must-watch-thriller-say-netizens/f5fd0587b4527 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was further dubbed into Telugu and released on [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]] and [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakhahaari's Telugu OTT release: Popular Tollywood actor dubs for the Kannada hit |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shakhahaaris-telugu-ott-release-popular-tollywood-actor-dubs-for-the-kannada-hit/687fb4cabf27 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film received positive reviews with praise for acting of Rangayana Raghu, Gopalkrishna Deshpande, direction and music.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-02-09 |title='ಶಾಖಾಹಾರಿ' ರಂಗಾಯಣ ರಘುಗೆ ಹೊಸ ಬಿರುದು: ಏನದು? |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/rangayana-raghu-starrer-shakahari-movie-releasing-on-february-16-mcr-778371.html |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=TV9 Kannada |language=kn |archive-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214070433/https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/rangayana-raghu-starrer-shakahari-movie-releasing-on-february-16-mcr-778371.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/shakahaari/movie-review/107758072.cms?from=mdr|title=Shakhahaari Movie Review : Shakahaari review: A riveting crime thriller to keep you on the edge of your seat|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224072233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/shakahaari/movie-review/107758072.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rangayana-raghu-shines-in-unusual-thriller-2898584|title='Shakhahaari' movie review: Rangayana Raghu shines in unusual thriller|first=Sujay B.|last=M|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225054238/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/rangayana-raghu-shines-in-unusual-thriller-2898584|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shakhahaari-movie-review-rangayana-raghu-gopalkrishna-deshpande-power-this-crime-thriller/article67859708.ece|title='Shakhahaari' movie review: Rangayana Raghu, Gopalkrishna Deshpande power this crime thriller|first=Vivek|last=M.V|date=18 February 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224115143/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/shakhahaari-movie-review-rangayana-raghu-gopalkrishna-deshpande-power-this-crime-thriller/article67859708.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Harish Basavarajiah of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and described it as "A riveting crime thriller to keep you on the edge of your seat".<ref name=":0" /> Pratibha Joy of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 and wrote "Rangayana Raghu and Gopalkrishna Deshpande excel in film that oscillates between thriller and love story" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakhahaari movie review: Rangayana Raghu and Gopalkrishna Deshpande excel |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/shakhahaari-movie-review-rangayana-raghu-and-gopalkrishna-deshpande-excel-in-film-that-oscillates-between-thriller-and-love-story/a56e8a48a3292 |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224085653/https://www.ottplay.com/review/shakhahaari-movie-review-rangayana-raghu-and-gopalkrishna-deshpande-excel-in-film-that-oscillates-between-thriller-and-love-story/a56e8a48a3292 |url-status=live }}</ref> Vivek M.V of ''[[The Hindu]]'' in his review said "While faltering near the end, director Sandeep Sunkad makes a promising debut with ‘''Shakhahaari''’, a film that puts two vulnerable characters in the middle of a murder mystery."<ref name=":2" /> A Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' appreciating the director and wrote "Director Sandeep’s debut film may seem deceptive to those who have watched it, but he has executed the movie with precision, gradually building momentum as the story unfolds."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakahaari Movie Review: Wholesome tale of mystery and transformation |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/feb/17/shakahaari-movie-review-wholesome-tale-of-mystery-and-transformation-52139.html |access-date=2024-02-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065001/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/feb/17/shakahaari-movie-review-wholesome-tale-of-mystery-and-transformation-52139.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sujay B M of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' in his review said "Despite its flaws, ‘Shakhahaari’ is worth a watch for its creative plot carried effectively on Raghu's able shoulders."<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|30890061}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada}}

[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian murder mystery films]]
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]

3 (2012 Indian film)

2026-04-23T06:24:29Z

Ola22W86488: made a entry

{{Short description|2012 Indian film by Aishwarya R. Dhanush}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| image = 3 (2012 Indian film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Aishwarya Rajinikanth]]
| producer = K. Vimalageetha<br />[[Dhanush]]
| writer = Aishwarya Rajinikanth
| starring = {{Plain list |
* Dhanush
* [[Shruti Haasan]]
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]
* [[Sivakarthikeyan]]
* [[Sunder Ramu]]
* [[Gabriella Charlton]]
}}
| music = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cinematography = [[Velraj]]
| editing = [[Kola Bhaskar]]
| studio = [[Kasthuri Raja|R. K. Productions Pvt. Ltd]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2012|03|30}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''3''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[psychological thriller]] film written and directed by [[Aishwarya Rajinikanth]], in her directorial debut. Her then husband [[Dhanush]] played the lead role alongside [[Shruti Haasan]], whilst [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and [[Sunder Ramu]] appear in prominent roles. The film follows Ram (Dhanush) and Janani (Haasan), two intermediate sweethearts who eventually get married. However, Ram suddenly commits suicide and she tries to unearth the truth behind his death.

The cinematography was handled by [[Velraj]] and editing was done by [[Kola Bhaskar]]. The soundtrack album and background score were composed by Dhanush's cousin-in-law [[Anirudh Ravichander]], marking his debut as a composer with lyrics written by Dhanush, received positive reviews upon release. The song "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]" penned and sung by Dhanush, became one of the most streamed songs of all time and was also listed as one of the "Recently Most Popular (Gold) Videos" on [[YouTube]].

The film was released worldwide on 30 March 2012, and mixed reviews, with most critics praising the performances of Dhanush and Shruti, Anirudh's soundtrack and score, but the narration of the film received some criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birthday Special: The Top 10 Films of Dhanush |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-birthday-special-the-top-10-films-of-dhanush/20140728.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914193751/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-birthday-special-the-top-10-films-of-dhanush/20140728.htm |archive-date=14 September 2020 |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> The film won three [[Filmfare Awards]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Male Playback Singer]] for Dhanush, and [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director]] for Anirudh Ravichander. Dhanush won three awards, [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]], Best Lyricist, and Best Male Playback Singer at the [[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]. Following the success of "Why This Kolaveri Di", Dhanush was invited by Former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]] as a Guest of Honour.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Kolaveri" bags YouTube Gold Award |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kolaveri-bags-youtube-gold-award-news-news-lmhmfCidgif.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208140712/http://www.sify.com/movies/kolaveri-bags-youtube-gold-award-news-news-lmhmfCidgif.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=2011-12-08 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
At Ram's funeral, his wife Janani hallucinates about him running away, and the film flashes back to when Ram and Janani were 12th-grade students when Ram helps Janani fix her bicycle and tells his friends Senthil and Kumaran that he has a crush on her. He joins her tuition, to see her every day, in the hopes that she will reciprocate his love for her. As time goes by, she eventually reciprocates his love.

After Janani is awoken by her maid, she tries to hunt for Ram's friend, Senthil, to know the mystery behind Ram's death. Janani enquires about Senthil's parents but she doesn't find any clue. Later, Janani finds a suicide letter from Ram in his coat. She again requests Senthil's parents to convince Senthil to help Janani and she asks him to reveal what they were hiding from her. A distraught Senthil tells Janani that when she was leaving for the US, Kumaran got a job and moved to Singapore. Upon finding out that his two friends have moved on, Ram hallucinates and almost drowns when he tries to swim past a beach but is saved by Senthil. Senthil doesn't suspect anything strange and just thinks that this happened because Ram was drunk. Later on, one day when Ram took a 3.2 crore loss, he lost his control and accidentally killed Janani's pet dog, Tom. This leads Senthil to consult a doctor who notices him being strange having extreme emotions, the primary emotions being despair or anger. Senthil tells a doctor about Ram's actions, the doctor reveals it might be [[bipolar disorder]], and if bipolar disorder is not treated, It could lead to suicide. When Senthil tries to warn Ram by inviting him to spend nights out with him, Ram loses his sense of control and attacks Senthil with a bottle and chair, leaving the place. Later, Senthil finds Ram unconscious on the road.

The visit from the doctor confirms Ram has severe bipolar disorder, but Ram refuses to get admitted to the Hospital because of his love for Janani. To stay away from Janani, Ram goes on a pilgrimage, causing further anguish. Janani takes notice of Ram's absurd behavior and she asks Ram why he is acting weird. Later, at a club, Ram picks a fight with a drunkard who was misbehaving with Janani. Later, Ram and Senthil are beaten up by the gang of the drunkard's friends. When the drunkard tries to kill him, Ram beats them up and hinders them. That night, Ram and Senthil get back home with wounds. Janani becomes restless seeing Ram injured. After this incident, Ram decides not to reveal his condition to Janani. Ram spends time in the hospital as his condition worsens. Janani becomes frustrated with Ram for not telling her where he goes, and why. Janani suspects Ram of having an extramarital affair. Janani lashes out at Ram and she cries. After a while, Ram, in a [[manic state]], tries to kill Janani, unbeknownst to her (since she was in a deep sleep) but is stopped by Senthil. This makes Ram feel guilty.

Ram requests his father to transfer his company shares to Janani, and Ram wants Senthil to leave him to see Janani. Senthil refuses, and Ram suddenly bashes Senthil's head against a steering wheel, rendering him unconscious. Ram tearfully says goodbye to Senthil and he leaves the car. In the present, Senthil and Janani are crying profusely. As Ram goes to Janani's bedroom and he watches her sleep, he suddenly hallucinates seeing a young girl saying "Either kill her or you die." Terrified, Ram immediately gets away from her bed. Ram goes to his office and he writes a suicide note while the hallucinations continue. Ram grabs a knife and struggles to kill himself. In the present, Janani is wailing in grief as she learns her husband's fate. The film ends with Ram committing suicide by slitting his throat and saying his final words, "I love you, Janani".

The movie ends with a message that "Suicide is not a solution. Bipolar disorder can be treated with proper medical help."

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Dhanush]] as Ramachandran "Ram"
* [[Shruti Haasan]] as Janani Ramachandran, Ram's wife
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Ram's father
* [[Sivakarthikeyan]] as Kumaran, Ram's friend since school days
* [[Sunder Ramu]] as Senthil, Ram's friend since school days, the only one who knew Ram's condition
* [[Bhanupriya]] as Ram's mother
* [[Jeeva Ravi]] as Janani's father
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Janani's mother
* [[Gabriella Charlton]] as Sumi, Janani's sister
* Sunita Gogoi as Priya, Janani's friend
* Sumathi Sree as Eshwari, Ram's and Janani's housemaid
* [[Badava Gopi]] as Teacher
* [[Manoj Kumar (Tamil director)|Manoj Kumar]] as Senthil's father
* Anuradha Krishnamoorthy as Senthil's mother
{{colend}}

==Production==
[[Aishwarya Rajinikanth]] stated that the script was written with [[Amala Paul]] in mind after being impressed by her work in ''[[Mynaa]]'', but the actress was unavailable to do the film. Aishwarya later signed [[Amala Paul]] to the role. However, Amala Paul was unavailable to start the film early and left the project, and [[Shruti Haasan]] joined the team after her Telugu film was delayed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Aug 4, 2011 |title=Shruti Haasan rejects Rajinikanth's film |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_shruti-haasan-rejects-rajinikanth-s-film_1572474 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423060325/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_shruti-haasan-rejects-rajinikanth-s-film_1572474 |archive-date=23 April 2012 |access-date=5 August 2011 |website=DNA India}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2011 |title=My dates could not be reworked: Amala Paul |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/my-dates-could-not-be-reworked-amala-paul-news-tamil-lirlXUabejc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317020840/http://www.sify.com/movies/my-dates-could-not-be-reworked-amala-paul-news-tamil-lirlXUabejc.html |archive-date=17 March 2014 |access-date=21 November 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-17 |title=Shruti Haasan replaces Amala Paul! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/shruti-haasan-replaces-amala-paul-news-tamil-liroCIhbfef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818030411/http://www.sify.com/movies/shruti-haasan-replaces-amala-paul-news-tamil-liroCIhbfef.html |archive-date=18 August 2011 |access-date=9 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-08-18 |title=Shruti Haasan back in 3! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/shruti-haasan-back-in-3/articleshow/9645834.cms |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Filming began in late July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-07-29 |title=Aishwarya's gift to Dhanush on his birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/aishwaryas-gift-to-dhanush-on-his-birthday/articleshow/9396549.cms |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A press meet was held at the Star City Hotel in early August 2011 in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmJWKL5nNSI |title=Number 3 Press Meet dhanush amala paul aishwarya |date=2011-08-05 |publisher=Behindwoods TV |access-date=2025-06-25 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|3 (soundtrack)}}

The soundtrack and score for this film are composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]], marking his debut as a music composer. The song "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]" was released as a single by [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]] on 16 November 2011. This song written and performed by [[Dhanush]], became one of the most streamed songs of all time. It also featured in the "Recently Most Popular (Gold) Videos" on YouTube. The full soundtrack album was released at a launch event on 23 December 2011 and gained extremely positive reviews.

==Release==
The film was released on 30 March 2012, with 400 prints in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2012 |title=Dhanush's '3' to hit the screens on March 30 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dhanushs-3-to-hit-the-screens-on-march-30/234493-8-68.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229103239/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dhanushs-3-to-hit-the-screens-on-march-30/234493-8-68.html |archive-date=29 February 2012 |access-date=6 April 2012 |website=[[IBNLive]]}}</ref>

Film producer and distributor Natti Kumar reportedly said that out of the Rs. 60  million (US$1.33 million approximately) he spent on distribution rights and publicity, he had been able to recover only Rs. 47.0 million (US$0.83 million approximately).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush-Shruti's 3 fails at the box office |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/Dhanush-Shruti-s-3-fails-at-the-box-office/Article1-842419.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021232047/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/Dhanush-Shruti-s-3-fails-at-the-box-office/Article1-842419.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=2013-05-23 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

In September 2024, the film was re-released in theatres.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}

==Reception==
The film received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday, Dhanush. The Extraordinary Journey of the Actor @36 |url=https://movies.ndtv.com/photos/happy-birthday-dhanush-the-extraordinary-journey-of-the-actor-36-97739 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804035157/https://movies.ndtv.com/photos/happy-birthday-dhanush-the-extraordinary-journey-of-the-actor-36-97739 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref> Vishnupriya Bhandaram of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Aishwarya R. Dhanush takes a twisted look at love and its meaning – when you put someone before your own existence – comes across as profound, underlining theme in the film. It fades out as a moving and tragic ode to romance, to the grand idea called 'love'".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vishnupriya Bhandaram |title=3 Review by The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3265846.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630001112/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article3265846.ece |archive-date=30 June 2012 |access-date=1 April 2012 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' called the film "poignant", quoting that "On the whole, ''3'' has its heart in the right place, though the second half seem scattered. Overlook these faults, and make it a point to watch 3".<ref>{{Cite web |title=3 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/3-review-tamil-14995392.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020033637/http://www.sify.com/movies/3-review-tamil-14995392.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=25 June 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Pavithra Srinivasan of ''[[Rediff]]'' rated the movie 3 out of 5, saying that "There are certain moments in ''3'' that defy logic at times, and sentiment rules the roost, but Aishwarya Dhanush has chosen to present a take on romance that is appealing in its freshness. The lead actors help as well. Her little thriller-twist aside, 3 is a movie that is an ode to romance, above all else."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pavithra Srinivasan |title=3 Review by Rediff |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-3-is-sincere/20120330.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152303/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-3-is-sincere/20120330.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=31 March 2012 |publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref>

L Romal M Singh of ''[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]'' gave the movie 3 stars out of 5, commenting that "We do not think anyone would want to watch the movie again, only because it demands too much from you emotionally. We however, plan to watch this movie once more and walk out during the interval, we'd advise the romantics to do the same."<ref>{{Cite web |last=L Romal M Singh |title=Review: 3 (Tamil) |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-3-tamil_1669665 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525034300/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review_review-3-tamil_1669665 |archive-date=25 May 2012 |access-date=7 October 2012 |website=DNA India |publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]}}</ref> ''[[In.com]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5, claiming that "3 is average and not worth watching in the theaters. Better wait for the DVD! It fails to meet the expectations and works only in parts, but Aishwarya had shown promise by taking a serious subject in her very first film".<ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Review:Makes you sulk in the second half |url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/3-makes-you-sulk-in-the-second-half-22651064-in-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401182849/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/3-makes-you-sulk-in-the-second-half-22651064-in-1.html |archive-date=1 April 2012 |access-date=2 April 2012 |publisher=[[In.com|In]]}}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
* [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - [[Dhanush]]
* Best Lyricist - [[Dhanush]] for "Kannazhaga"
* Best Male Playback Singer - [[Dhanush]] for "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]"
* Nominated—Best Actress - Shruti Haasan
* Nominated—Best Music Director - Anirudh Ravichander.
* Nominated—Best Male Playback Singer - [[Mohit Chauhan]] for "Po Nee Po"
* Nominated—Best Female Playback Singer - [[Shruti Haasan]] for "Kannazhaga"
* Nominated—Best Female Playback Singer - [[Shweta Mohan]] for "Nee Partha Vizhigal"
* Nominated—Best Debutant Producer - Dhanush
* Nominated—Best Debutant Director - Aishwarya Dhanush

;[[60th Filmfare Awards South]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor]] - Dhanush
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Male Playback Singer]] - Dhanush ("Why This Kolaveri Di")<ref>{{Cite web |title="South Indian movie stars honoured in run-up to awards ceremony"date=23 Oct 2012 |url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/f3754c79-d7b7-4b23-84ba-efe67894c301.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110024028/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/f3754c79-d7b7-4b23-84ba-efe67894c301.aspx |archive-date=10 November 2012 |website=[[The Gulf Today]]}}</ref>
* Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress]] - Shruti Haasan
* won—[[60th Filmfare Awards South|Best Music Director]] - Anirudh

;[[Asiavision Awards]]
* Excellence in Tamil - Shruti Hassan<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2012 |title=South Indian movie stars honoured in run-up to awards ceremony |url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/f3754c79-d7b7-4b23-84ba-efe67894c301.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110024028/http://gulftoday.ae/portal/f3754c79-d7b7-4b23-84ba-efe67894c301.aspx |archive-date=10 November 2012 |website=[[The Gulf Today]]}}</ref>

;[[Vijay Awards]]
* [[Vijay Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] - Dhanush
* [[Vijay Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[Mohit Chauhan]] for "Po Nee Po"
* [[Vijay Award for Best Find of the Year|Best Find of the Year]] - Anirudh
* Nominated—[[Vijay Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] - Shruti Haasan
* Nominated—[[Vijay Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] - Anirudh
* Nominated—[[Vijay Award for Favourite Hero|Favourite Hero]] - Dhanush
* Nominated—[[Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine|Favourite Heroine]] - Shruti Haasan
* Nominated—[[Vijay Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song]] - "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]"

==See also==
* [[Mental disorders in fiction]]
* [[List of mental disorders in film]]
* [[Bipolar disorder]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Wunderbar Films}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Films about suicide]]
[[Category:Films about bipolar disorder]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anirudh Ravichander]]
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2012 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:2012 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aishwarya Rajinikanth]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films produced by Dhanush]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]

Suryabanshi Suraj

2026-04-23T04:31:45Z

Ola22W86488: new some data basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Suryabanshi Suraj
| image = Suryabanshi Suraj (new image).jpg
| office = Minister of Higher Education<br/>[[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start = 12 June 2024
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
| predecessor = [[Atanu Sabyasachi Nayak]]
| office1 = Minister of Sports & Youth Services<br/>[[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start1 = 12 June 2024
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
| predecessor1 = Tusharkanti Behera
| office2 = Minister of Odia Language, Literature & Culture<br/>[[Government of Odisha]]
| term_start2 = 12 June 2024
| 1blankname2 = [[Chief Minister of Odisha|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]]
| predecessor2 = [[Aswini Kumar Patra]]
| office3 = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 2022
| predecessor3 = [[Bishnu Sethi]]
| constituency3 = [[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency|Dhamnagar (SC)]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1995|05|18}}
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| father = [[Bishnu Sethi]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Technology]]<br/>[[Bachelor of Laws]]
| source = https://odishaassembly.nic.in/memberprofile.aspx?img=1505
}}

'''Suryabanshi Suraj''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] who is serving as member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Dhamnagar Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Pradeep |title=BJP's Suryavanshi Suraj wins by 9881 votes |url=https://odishatv.in/live-updates/politics/dhamnagar-bypoll-results-189598 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=[[Odisha TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohanty |first=Debabrata |last2=Dhar |first2=Aniruddha |date=2022-11-06 |title=In Odisha bypoll, BJP's Suryabanshi Suraj defeats BJD to retain Dhamnagar seat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/in-odisha-bypoll-bjp-s-suryabanshi-suraj-defeats-bjd-to-retain-dhamnagar-seat-101667738419534.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayak |first=Subadh |date=2022-11-06 |title=Dhamnagar bypoll counting ends, BJP's Suryavanshi Suraj wins |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/dhamnagar-bypoll-counting-ends-bjps-suryavanshi-suraj-wins/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=[[Kalinga TV]] |language=en-US}}</ref> His father, [[Bishnu Sethi]] also served as the member of assembly from the same constituency.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Haraprasad |date=2022-10-11 |title=Dhamnagar by-election: BJP candidate Suryavanshi Suraj files nomination |url=https://pragativadi.com/dhamnagar-by-election-bjp-candidate-suryavanshi-suraj-files-nomination/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=[[Pragativadi]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Suraj was born on 18 May 1995 at Bhadrak to [[Bishnu Sethi]], a former politician and poet from Odisha.<ref name=":0" /> His mother, Urmila Panigrahi, is a retired headmistress. He completed his B.Tech from [[Siksha 'O' Anusandhan]] and pursued LLB (Bachelor of Laws) from [[Fakir Mohan University]].

Before venturing into politics, Suraj was working as a Software Developer at [[Tata Consultancy Services]]. Subsequently, he served as a System Engineer at Adani DPCL, Dhamra, contributing to critical infrastructure projects.

== Political career ==
Suryabanshi Suraj's entry into politics was marked by the untimely passing of his father, Bishnu Sethi. In 2022, he contested the by-elections to carry forward his father's legacy and successfully secured victory. Since then, he has been representing the Dhamnagar constituency in the Odisha Legislative Assembly.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suraj, Suryabanshi}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]

Okha–Tuticorin Vivek Express

2026-04-22T10:36:44Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = D24E01
| name = Okha - Tuticorin ''Vivek Express''
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| caption =
| type = [[Vivek Express]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2011|11|18}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Tuticorin}} (TN)
| stops = 40
| end = {{stnlnk|Okha}} (OKHA)
| distance = {{convert|2711|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 52 hours 30 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-catering <br> On-board catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Yes
| otherfacilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 19567 / 19568
| speed = {{convert|51|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map = [[File:(Okha - Tuticorin) Vivek Express Route map.jpg|300px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 19567 / 19568 '''Okha–Tuticorin [[Vivek Express]]''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] - [[Western Railway zone|Western Zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Tuticorin}} and {{stnlnk|Okha}} in [[India]].

It operates as train number 19567 from {{stnlnk|Tuticorin}} to {{stnlnk|Okha}} and as train number 19568 in the reverse direction serving the states of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]].<ref>[http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=3611&did=1392633073541E04CCC3CF8CC763AB12E0C0272C4A01C.web103], ''South Central Railway'', 17 February 2014</ref>

==Coach composition==

Before [[LHB coach]] upgrade this train was used to have [[ICF coach]], now The train has standard LHB rakes with a max speed of 130 kmph. The train consists of 21 coaches :

* 2 AC II Tier
* 4 AC III Tier
* 6 Sleeper Coaches
* 4 General Unreserved
* 2 EoG (Seating cum Luggage Rake)

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==

*The 19567/Tuticorin–Okha Vivek Express has an average speed of 51 km/h and covers 2711 km in 53 hrs 05 mins.
*The 19568/Okha–Tuticorin Vivek Express has an average speed of 53 km/h and covers 2711 km in 51 hrs 35 mins.<ref>[http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5002&did=14882821647185BC5812CD8636840C8AF38CE05684359.web107], ''Southern Railway'', 1 March 2017</ref>

As the average speed of the train is lower than {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per railway rules, its fare doesn't include a Superfast surcharge.

==Route==

The 19567 / 68 '''Tuticorin–Okha Vivek Express''' runs from {{stnlnk|Tuticorin}} via {{stnlnk|Vanchi Maniyachchi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Virudhunagar Junction}},
{{rws|Madurai Junction}},
{{rws|Dindigul Junction}},
{{rws|Karur Junction}},
{{rws|Erode Junction}},
{{rws|Salem Junction}},
{{rws|Bangarapet Junction}},
{{rws|Krishnarajapuram}},
{{rws|Yelahanka Junction}},
{{rws|Raichur Junction}},
{{rws|Wadi Junction}},
{{rws|Kalaburagi Junction}},
{{rws|Dharmavaram Junction}},
{{rws|Guntakal Junction}},
{{rws|Solapur}}, {{rws|Pune Junction}}, {{rws|Kalyan Junction}},
{{rws|Vasai Road}}, {{rws|Vadodara Junction}},
{{rws|Ahmedabad Junction}},
{{rws|Viramgam Junction}},
{{rws|Rajkot Junction}},
{{rws|Jamnagar}},
{{rws|Dwarka}} to {{rws|Okha}} and vice versa.

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 19567 || TN || [[Tuticorin railway station|Tuticorin]] || 22:35 PM || Sun || [[Okha railway station|Okha]] || 03:35 AM || Wed
|-
| 19568 || OKHA || [[Okha railway station|Okha]] || 00:55 AM || Fri || [[Tuticorin railway station|Tuticorin]] || 03:55 AM || Sun
|}

==Traction==

Earlier this train used to pull by [[Vatva]] Diesel Loco Shed [[WDM-3A]] , [[WDM-3D]] and Shakti [[WDG-3A]]. The entire route is now fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad|Valsad Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] and [[WAP-5]] electric locomotive from end to end.

==Direction reversal==

The train is reverses its direction once at;

* [[Erode Junction]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/tuticorin-okha-vivek-express-19567/15700/2548/1757 19567 Vivek Express] at India Rail Info
*[https://indiarailinfo.com/train/okha-tuticorin-vivek-express-19568/15584/1757/2548 19568 Vivek Express] at India Rail Info

{{Vivek Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Okha-Tuticorin Vivek Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Okha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Thoothukudi]]
[[Category:Vivek Express trains]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2011]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Archeparchy of Changanacherry

2026-04-21T03:14:38Z

Ola22W86488: made new stub

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic archeparchy in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Archeparchy
| name = Changanacherry
| latin = Changanacherrensis
| local = {{nobold|{{ubl
| {{big|{{lang|syr|ܐܪܟܝܕܝܘܩܝܐ ܕܫܢܓܢܫܪܝ}}}}
| {{lang|ml|ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി അതിരൂപത}}
}}}}
| border = Catholic
| image = Cathedral Changancherry.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = St Mary’s Metropolitan Cathedral Changanacherry
| coat = The Offical Logo of MAR THOMAS THARAYIL.jpg
| coat_size = 150px
| coat_alt =
| coat_caption =
| flag = 
| flag_size =
| flag_alt =

| country = {{flagu|India}}
| territory = Districts of [[Kottayam]], [[Alappuzha]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kollam]], and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in [[Kerala]], and [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari ]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| episcopal conference = Syro-Malabar Synod of Bishops
| ecclesiastical region =
| province =
| metropolitan =
| archdeaconries =
| deaneries =
| subdivisions =
| headquarters =
| coordinates = {{coord|9|26|38.49|N|76|32|10.77|E|display=inline, title}}

| area_km2 = 8,450
| area_footnotes = <ref name="ch.dccsm">{{Cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]] |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dccsm.html |title=Archeparchy of Changanacherry (Syro-Malabar) |publisher=David M. Cheney |date=29 August 2025 |accessdate=25 March 2026}}</ref>
| population = {{up}} 10,455,520<ref name="ch.dccsm"/>
| population_as_of = 2023
| catholics = {{up}} 402,275<ref name="ch.dccsm"/>
| catholics_percent = {{down}} {{percentage|402,275|10,455,520|1|%=}}
| parishes = {{same}} 248 (2023)<ref name="ch.dccsm"/>
| churches = 
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Syro-Malabar Church]]
| rite = [[Syro-Malabaric Rite]]
| established = {{ubil
| '''Vicariate Apostolic''': {{start date and age|28 July 1896|p=y}}
| '''Eparchy''': {{start date and age|21 December 1923|p=y}}
| '''Archeparchy''': {{start date and age|29 July 1956|p=y}}
}}
| dissolved =
| archdiocese = Changanacherry
| diocese =
| cathedral = [[St Mary's Metropolitan Cathedral]] in [[Changanassery]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Saint Joseph]]
| patron_title = 
| priests = 508 (2026)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.syromalabarchurch.in/eparchies/changanacherry-
| title = Syro-Malabar Church Statistics
| author = Syro-Malabar Church
| publisher = Syro-Malabar Church Official Website
| date = 2025-12-01
| access-date = 2026-04-07
}}</ref>
| language =
| calendar =
| music =

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
| major_archbishop = [[Raphael Thattil]]
| bishop = 
| bishop_title = 
| metro_archbishop = [[Thomas Tharayil (archbishop of Changanassery)|Thomas Tharayil]]
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops = 
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general =
| episcopal_vicar =
| judicial_vicar =
| dean =
| archdeacons = 
| emeritus_bishops = [[Joseph Perumthottam]]
| website = {{Official URL}}
}}

[[File:Archbishop's House, Changanassery, Kerala.jpg|thumbnail|Headquarters of the Metropolitan Archeparchy of Changanacherry]]
The '''Archeparchy of Changanacherry'''
({{langx|syr|ܐܦܪܟܝܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܫܢܓܢܐܣܐܪܐ|translit=Afarkaya Rabbta d-Shanganasara}}; {{langx|ml|ചങ്ങനാശ്ശേരി അതിരൂപത|translit=Changanassery Atirūpata)}} is a [[Syro-Malabar Church]] archeparchy of the [[Catholic Church]] with an area of 24,595 km<sup>2</sup> comprising the districts of [[Kottayam]](excluding [[Vaikom]]), [[Alappuzha]](excluding [[Cherthala]]), [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kollam]], and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in [[Kerala]], and also [[Kanyakumari district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the largest Catholic dioceses in [[India]] in terms of area. Mar [[Thomas Tharayil (archbishop of Changanassery)|Thomas Tharayil]] is the current [[Metropolitan Archbishop]], serving from 2024. [[Suffragan diocese|Suffragan eparchies]] of the Changanassery archeparchy includes [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Palai|Palai]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kanjirappally|Kanjirappally-Nilackal]], and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thuckalay|Thuckalay-Thiruvithancode]] (Tamil Nadu).

The Changanacherry (originally named Kottayam) jurisdiction was one of the first two Syro-Malabar vicariates, along with [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur]], when [[Pope Leo XIII]] in 1887 re-organized Syro-Malabar Catholics as a separate church from the [[Latin Church]]'s jurisdiction ever since the [[Synod of Diamper]] in 1599.

==History==
The Apostolic Church of [[St. Thomas Christians]] traditionally traces its origin to [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas, the Apostle]], who is held to have arrived on the [[Kerala]] Coast in A.D. 52. In the course of history this Church entered into good relationship with the [[East Syriac Rite|East Syriac]] Church. The presbiteral office of the [[Archdeacon]] of all India did the temporal administration.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

The Portuguese missionaries who arrived in the 15th century could not decipher the liturgical traditions and the mode of governance of this Church. They Latinized the ancient liturgical texts and forced existing [[East Syriac Rite|East Syriac]] Christians or Nasranis to convert to the Roman Catholic Church under the Padroado Archbishop of Goa. When the domination of the Portuguese missionaries became unbearable, a section of this community broke away from western supremacy in 1653 and accepted allegiance to Antiochian [[West Syriac Rite|West Syriac]] Rite and Miaphysite belief. But a good number returned to the East Syriac Catholic fold through unification efforts. Those who did not return constitute the present Malankara Churches. The others maintained and regained loyalty to the [[Apostolic see|Apostolic See of Rome]]. This relationship started only in 1553 as a half Catholic-half Nestorian position due to a split in the Babylonian Church of the East and strengthened in 1599 through the [[Synod of Diamper|Udayamperur sunnahadose (Synod of Diamper)]].{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

The first two Vicariates of the Syro-Malabar Church are Trichur and Kottayam. The Archdiocese of Changanacherry is part of the Kottayam Vicariate and the second [[Metropolitan Archdiocese]] of the [[Syro-Malabar Church]], after the establishment of the Syro-Malabar hierarchy which was the prelude to the restoration of the identity of the Church in 1992 as a Sui Iuris Church. [[Pope Leo XIII]] of happy memory by his Bull ‘Quod Iam Pridem’ dated 20 May 1887 established two [[Vicariate Apostolic|Vicariates Apostolic]] - Kottayam and Thrissur; exclusively for the Syro-Malabarians. [[Charles Lavigne|Dr. Charles Lavigne]] for Kottayam and [[Adolph Medlycott|Dr. Adolph Medlycott]] for Trichur respectively were appointed the [[Vicars Apostolic]].{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

The same Pope reorganised the existing Vicariates by the Bull ‘Quae Rei Sacrae’ dated 28 July 1896 establishing a new Vicariate, Ernakulam, with territories carved out from the two existing Vicariates (1) [[Pallippuram, Alappuzha]], 2) [[Edappally]] and 3) [[Arakuzha]] divisions from Kottayam Vicariate). Indigenous bishops were appointed Vicars Apostolic in the new Sees. They included [[Mar Mathew Makil]] for Changanacherry, Mar Louis Pazheparambil (from Changanacherry Vicariate) for Ernakulam and [[Mar John Menacherry]] (from Ernakulam Vicariate) for Thrissur.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

A new Vicariate of Kottayam was constituted in 1911 exclusively for the Southists and [[Mar Mathew Makil]] was transferred to Kottayam as the Vicar Apostolic of Southists and [[Mar Thomas Kurialachery|Mar Thomas Kurialacherry]] was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of Changanacherry. With the establishment of the Syro-Malabar Hierarchy on 21 December 1923 by the Bull ‘Romani Pontifices’ of [[Pope Pius XI]], the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur|Diocese of Thrissur]], Changanacherry and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Kottayam|Kottayam]] became suffragans of the [[Archdiocese of Ernakulam]] thereby constituting the first Modern Syro-Malabar Province.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

On 25 July 1950 the Diocese of Changanacherry was bifurcated by the Bull ‘Quo Ecclesiarum’ of [[Pope Pius XII]] and the new [[Diocese of Palai]] was created. [[The Holy See]] being impressed by the wonderful progress achieved by the Syro-Malabarians, extended the hitherto held boundaries of Changanacherry to the areas south of [[river Pamba]], up to (including) [[Kanyakumari]], by the Bull ‘Multorum Fidelium’ of [[Pope Pius XII]], dated 29 April 1955. Changanacherry was raised to the status of an [[archdiocese]] on 26 July 1956 by [[Pope Pius XII]] constituting the second province in the [[Syro-Malabar Church]] and Kottayam and Pala became its suffragans. The Apostolic Constitution ‘Regnum Caelorum’ of 26 November 1959 of [[Pope John XXIII]] gave effect to this decision of [[Pope Pius XII]].

In 1975 the missionary work of three (now five) civil districts of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra|Archdiocese of Agra]] in the State of [[Uttar Pradesh]] was taken up completely by the Archeparchy of Changanacherry. The Archdiocese was again divided on 26 February 1977 by the Bull ‘Nos Beati Petri’ of [[Pope Paul VI]] and the new [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kanjirappally|Eparchy of Kanjirappilly]] was set up comprising parts of the Civil districts of [[Kottayam]] and [[Idukki]]. The Archeparchy was divided a fourth time when its [[Kanyakumari]] Mission was elevated to the status of a new diocese by the Bull Apud Indorum Gentes of [[John Paul II]], dated 18 December 1996. The formal inauguration of the new [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thuckalay|eparchy of Thuckalay]] and the Episcopal consecration of [[Mar George Alencherry]] as its first Bishop took place on 2 February 1997.

The Archeparchy of Changanacherry now comprises the civil districts of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kollam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Alappuzha]] and [[Kottayam]] in [[Kerala]] and [[Syro-Malabar Eparchy of Palai|Palai]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kanjirappally|Kanjirapally]] and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thuckalay|Thuckalay]] as its suffragans. Archbishop [[Mar Joseph Powathil]] assumed the office of the Archbishop of Changanacherry on 17 January 1986 and resigned in 2007. [[Joseph Perumthottam|Mar Joseph Perumthottam]] was appointed on 20 January 2007 as the new Metropolitan Archbishop of Changanacherry and was installed on 19 March 2007.<ref>{{cite web|last=Changanacherry|first=Archdiocese|title=History|url=http://www.archdiocesechanganacherry.org/archdiocesechanganacherry-archdiocese.php?id=3|publisher=Archdiocese|access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref>

==Ordinaries==
'''Bishops and Archbishops'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.no
! style="background: #efefef;" | Ordinary
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Charles Lavigne]]
| align="center" | Vicar Apostolic of Changanacherry
| align="center" | 1887
| align="center" | 1896
|-
| 2
| [[Matthew Makil]]
| align="center" | Vicar Apostolic of Changanassery
| align="center" | 1896
| align="center" | 1911
|-
| 3
| [[Thomas Kurialacherry]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1911
| align="center" | 1925
|-
| 4
| [[James Kalacherry]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1927
| align="center" | 1949
|-
| 5
| [[Mathew Kavukattu]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 1950
| align="center" | 1969
|-
| 6
| [[Antony Padiyara]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 1970
| align="center" | 1985
|-
| 7
| [[Joseph Powathil]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 1985
| align="center" | 2007
|-
| 8
| [[Joseph Perumthottam]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 2007
| align="center" | 2024
|-
| 9
| [[Thomas Tharayil (archbishop of Changanassery)|Thomas Tharayil]]
| align="center" | Archbishop
| align="center" | 2024
| align="center" | ''present''
|}
'''Auxiliary Bishops'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.no
! style="background: #efefef;" | Ordinary
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Joseph Powathil]]
| align="center" | Auxiliary bishop
| align="center" | 1972
| align="center" | 1977
|-
| 2
| [[Joseph Perumthottam]]
| align="center" | Auxiliary bishop
| align="center" | 2002
| align="center" | 2007
|-
| 3
| [[Thomas Tharayil (archbishop of Changanassery)|Thomas Tharayil]]
| align="center" | Auxiliary bishop
| align="center" | 2017
| align="center" | 2024
|}

'''Prelates Hailing From The Archdiocese'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl.no
! style="background: #efefef;" | Ordinary
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Designation
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Year of appointment
! style="background: #ffdead;" | Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Aloysius Pazheparambil]]
| align="center" | First Vicar Apostolic of Ernakulam
| align="center" | 1896
| align="center" | 1919
|-
| 2
| [[Antony Cardinal Padiyara]]
| align="center" | The First Major Archbishop
| align="center" | 1985
| align="center" | 1996
|-
| 3
| [[Msgr. Jacob Vadakkeveettil CM]]
| align="center" | Administrator of Balasore
| align="center" | 1968
| align="center" | 1990
|-
| 4
| [[George Anathil SVD]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Indore
| align="center" | 1973
| align="center" | 2009
|-
| 5
| [[Joseph Pathalil]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Udaipur
| align="center" | 1985
| align="center" | 2012
|-
| 6
| [[Hyppolitus Kunnumkal OFM]]
| align="center" | Bishop Emeritus of Jammu - Srinagar
| align="center" | 1986
| align="center" | 1998
|-
| 7
| [[ Simon Stock Palathra CMI]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Jagdalpur
| align="center" | 1993
| align="center" | 2013
|-
| 8
| [[George Alencherry]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Tuckalay
| align="center" | 1997
| align="center" | 2011
|-
| 9
| [[Mathew Cheriankunnel]]
| align="center" | Bishop Emeritus of Kurnool
| align="center" | 1987
| align="center" | 1995
|-
| 10
| [[George Kocherry]]
| align="center" | Apostolic Nuntio
| align="center" | 2000
| align="center" | 2022
|-
| 11
| [[George Cardinal Alencherry]]
| align="center" | Major Archbishop of Syro Malabar Church
| align="center" | 2011
| align="center" | 2023
|-
| 12
| [[Alex Thomas Kaliyaniyil SVD]]
| align="center" | Archbishop of Bulawayo (Zimbabwe)
| align="center" | 2009
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 13
| [[James Athikalam MST]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Sagar
| align="center" | 2020
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 14
| [[Thomas Padiyath]]
| align="center" | Auxiliary Bishop of Shamshabad
| align="center" | 2022
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 15
| [[George Jacob Koovakad]]
| align="center" | Titular Archbishop of Nisibis dei Caldei
| align="center" | 2024
| align="center" | ''present''
|}

==Suffragan eparchies==
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Palai]]
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Kanjirappally]]
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Thuckalay]]

==Institutions and personnel==
The total number of parishes is nearly 300. In addition,. The population of Syro-Malabar Catholics in [[Changanacherry]] Archdiocese is nearly about 4 Lakh+. There are 18 [[dean (Christianity)|foranes]] under [[Changanacherry]] Archdiocese.

==Parishes and population==
There are 18 Foranes under Archeparchy of Changanasserry:

01) [[Alappuzha|Alappuzha Forane]] <br />
02) [[Amboori|Amboori Forane]] <br />
03) [[St. Mary's Forane Church, Athirampuzha|Athirampuzha Forane]] <br />
04) [[Basilica of St. Mary, Champakulam|Champakkulam Forane]] <br />
05) [[Changanacherry|Changanacherry Forane]] <br />
06) [[Chengannur|Chengannur Forane]] <br />
07) [[Edathua|Edathua Forane]] <br />
08) [[Kollam|Kollam-Ayur Forane]] <br />
09) [[Kottayam|Kottayam Forane]] <br />
10) Kudamaloor Forane <br />
11) Kurumpanadom Forane <br />
12) [[Manimala|Manimala Forane]] <br />
13) [[Muhamma|Muhamma Forane]] <br />
14) [[Nedumkunnam|Nedumkunnam Forane]] <br />
15) [[Pulincunnu|Pulincunnu Forane]] <br />
16) [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram Forane]] <br />
17) Thrickodithanam Forane <br />
18) Thuruthy Forane <br /> .

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Institutions !! Number
|-
| Foranes || 18
|-
| Parishes || 300
|-
| Filial churches || 35
|-
| Shrines/Chapels || 18
|-
| Colleges/Institutes || 29
|-
| Higher Secondary Schools || 29
|-
| Hostels || 16
|}

== Important events ==
* 16 January 1887: Reconstruction of the present Metropolitan Church.
* 15 April 1887: Nazarani Deepika launched.
* 20 May 1887: Establishment of Vicariates of Kottayam and Thrissur .
* 13 September 1887: Bishop Charles Lavigne, Vicar Apostolic of Kottayam.
* 10 May 1888: Bishop Charles assumes charge.
* 14 December 1888: Bishop Lavigne established St. Germane's, the first Orphanage and FCC.
* 18 December 1888: Bishop Charles Lavigne convenes Changanacherry Synod.
* 1 October 1890: Letter of Permission to shift the headquarters of Kottayam, Vicariate to Changanacherry.
* 3 February 1891: [[St. Berchmans Higher Secondary School|St. Berchmans English High School]], the first high school of the Syrians founded on the precincts of St. Mary's Cathedral Changanacherry.
* 21 March 1891: Bishop Lavigne shifts his residence to Changanacherry (Mount Carmel CMC Convent).
* 19 February 1892: Foundation Stone laid for the new Bishop's House at Vedikkunnu.
* 28 July 1896: Vicariate of Ernakulam created, with territories from both Vicariates.
* 19 June 1922: [[Thomas Kurialacherry|Venerable Mar Thomas Kurialacherry]] started its first institution of higher education, [[St. Berchmans College|St Berchmans College (SB College)]], on the premises of Parel St Mary's Church.
* 21 December 1923: Establishment of Syro Malabar Hierarchy with Ernakulam as the Metropolitan See
* 29 July 1956: The diocese of Changanassery made Metropolitan See
* 3 July 1962: Establishment of St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor, Kottayam.
* 3 December 1972: Establishment of archdiocese youth movement, [[YUVADEEPTI-KCYM]]
* 15 January 2003: [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki|Diocese of Idukki]] established.<ref>{{cite web|last=Changanacherry|first=Archdiocese|title=Archdiocese|url=http://www.archdiocesechanganacherry.org/archdiocesechanganacherry-church.php?id=1|work=Chronicles|publisher=Archdiocese|access-date=31 January 2012}}</ref>
*15-August-2019 :Honorary Doctorate for [[Archbishop Emeritus]] [[Joseph Powathil|Mar Joseph Powathil]]
*30 August 2024: [[Thomas Tharayil (archbishop of Changanassery)|Mar Thomas Tharayil]] has been elected as the Youngest Archbishop of Changanacherry.

==First vicar general==

*1889-1892 Msgr [[Nidhiry Mani Kathanar]]

==Saints and causes for canonisation==
* St Alphonsa
*St. [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/saints.php?saintname=Chavara&page=history |title=Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara |publisher=Syromalabarchurch.in |access-date=2020-02-26}}</ref>
* Ven. [[Thomas Kurialacherry]]<ref name="CCBI">{{cite web|url=http://ccbi.in/saints-blessed/|title=Saints & Blessed – CCBI|access-date=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref>
* Ven. Mar Mathew Kavukattu<ref name="CCBI" />
* Servant of God Thommachan Puthenparampil<ref name="CCBI" />
* Servant of God Mother Mary Francisca De Chanthal (Philomena Vallayil) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1972.htm|title=1972|website=newsaints.faithweb.com|access-date=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Benedict Onamkulam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/2001.htm|title=2001|website=newsaints.faithweb.com|access-date=Oct 17, 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource1913CatholicEnc|Changanacherry}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.syromalabar.com/dioceses/changanassery/ Archdiocese of Changanassery: Information & Photographs]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/chan0.htm GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dccsm.html Catholic-hierarchy.org]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041010180706/http://www.theindiancatholic.com/ Catholic Bishop Conference of India (CBCI)]}}

{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Archeparchy of Changanacherry}}
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Changanassery| ]]
[[Category:Changanassery]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1896]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic dioceses|Changanacherry]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century|Changanacherry]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic dioceses in India|Changanacherry]]

Madras International Circuit

2026-04-20T18:46:12Z

Ola22W86488: Put up some details v1...

{{Short description|Motor racing circuit in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox motorsport venue
|name = Madras International Circuit
|former_names = Madras Motor Race Track<br />Irungattukottai Race Track
|location = [[Irungattukottai]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|13|0|9|N|79|59|9|E|display=it}}
|image = [[Image:Irungattukottai Race Track map -- Full track.svg|class=skin-invert|250px]]
|image_caption = Full Circuit (1990–present)
|track_map = [[Image:Irungattukottai Race Track map -- 'Club' track.svg|class=skin-invert|250px]]
|track_map_caption = Short Circuit (1990–present)
|fia_grade = 2
|broke_ground = 1988
|opened = 1990
|owner = [[Madras Motor Sports Club]]
|events = '''Current:'''<br />'''[[MRF Challenge|MRF Formula 2000]]''' (2013–2020, 2022–present)<br />'''Former:'''<br />[[Indian Racing League]] (2022–2025)<br />[[F4 Indian Championship|F4 India]] (2023–2025)<br />[[Formula 4 South East Asia Championship|F4 SEA]] (2018–2019)<br />[[Asia Road Racing Championship]] (1997, 2009–2011, 2013, 2017–2018)<br />[[Asian Formula Three Championship|Asian F3]] (2008)
|layout = Full Circuit (1990–present)
|length_km = 3.717
|length_mi = 2.310
|turns = 17
|record_time = 1:30.323
|record_driver = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Yuven Sundaramoorthy]]
|record_car = [[List of Dallara cars|Dallara Formulino Pro]]
|record_year = [[2019–20 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|2020]]
|record_class = [[MRF Challenge]]
|layout2 = Short Circuit (1990–present)
|turns2 = 9
|length2_km = 2.067
|length2_mi = 1.280
|record_time2 = 0:56.257
|record_driver2 = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Cooper Webster]]
|record_car2 = [[Mygale M21-F4]]
|record_year2 = [[2023 F4 Indian Championship|2023]]
|record_class2 = [[Formula 4|F4]]
|website = {{URL|en.madrasmotorsports.com}}
}}

The '''Madras International Circuit''' ('''MIC''', previously known as Madras Motor Race Track and Irungattukottai Race Track) is a permanent motor [[race track|racing circuit]] located in [[Irungattukottai]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It was built in the late 1980s and was inaugurated in 1990. It was the first permanent racing circuit in India and is owned by the [[Madras Motor Sports Club]].<ref name=mmsc/> In July 2022, the track was renamed as Madras International Circuit.

==History==
[[File:Irungaattukkottai racing track.jpg|class=skin-invert|250px|thumb|right|The Outer Layout]]
In 1971, the Madras Motor Sports Club, Coimbatore Auto Sports Club, [[Karnataka Motor Sports Club]] along with Calcutta Motor Sports Club and Mumbai's Indian Automotive Racing Club, united to form the [[Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India|Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (FMSCI)]], headquartered in Chennai, to ensure common regulations and orderly conduct of events.<ref name="LiveMint_F1UpFromSouth"/> Race meets were held on airstrips at [[Sholavaram]] in Chennai, [[Sulur]] in Coimbatore and Agara in Bangalore. In 1990, the Irungattukottai track was built to provide a permanent structure for racing.<ref name="LiveMint_F1UpFromSouth">{{cite news |last=Rajan |first=Sanjay |title=Formula One—Up from the South |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/nUdWd6xLLGtd9J0jI9UlUN/Formula-One--Up-from-the-South.html |newspaper=Live Mint |date=18 October 2013 |access-date=27 October 2013}}</ref> Hosts the Indian Racing National Championships for both bikes and cars, and the Indian National Motorcycle Drag Racing Championships. An annual round of the [[MRF Challenge]] was held till 2020 and was since discontinued due to [[COVID-19]].

== Karting arena ==
MMSC has also built a go-kart track to promote the sport at the grassroots level in 2023. The {{cvt|1.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} CIK approved track named, [[Madras International Karting Arena]] popular as MIKA, was inaugurated on 19 September 2024 by former [[Formula One|Formula 1]] world champion [[Mika Häkkinen|Mika Hakkinen]] in presence of former F1 drivers [[Narain Karthikeyan]] and [[Karun Chandhok]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=MOTORSPORTS {{!}} New karting track at Sriperumbudur to be opened later this year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/motorsports-new-karting-track-at-sriperumbudur-to-be-opened-later-this-year/article67759149.ece |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=20 January 2024 |access-date=21 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ragav |first=S. Dipak |title=Mika to inaugurate MIKA: Chennai to get state-of-the-art karting facility |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/motorsport/chennai-state-of-the-art-karting-facility-mika-hakkinen-to-inaugurate-modern-international-area/article68574282.ece |website=Sportstar |language=en |date=27 August 2024 |access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref>

==Layout==
The main circuit is {{cvt|3.717|km|mi|abbr=on}} long with 12 turns and 3 straights, with the longest one being {{cvt|250|m|yd|abbr=on}}. The club circuit is {{cvt|2.067|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and has 7 turns. Both the tracks are {{cvt|11|m|yd|abbr=on}} wide on average with {{cvt|12|m|yd|abbr=on}} at the start line and operate in a clockwise direction. The track is a [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] and [[Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme]]-certified circuit.<ref name=mmsc>{{cite news |title=Madras Motor Sports Club |url=http://www.mmsc.in/track.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226053011/http://www.mmsc.in/track.htm |publisher=mmsc.in |archive-date=26 December 2008 |access-date=2 February 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The tracks were resurfaced in 2007 and vehicles allowed for races include bikes of all categories and cars up to F3. FIA granted a Grade 2 license to the circuit in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chennai race track gets FIA grade 2 mark |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/top-stories/Chennai-race-track-gets-FIA-Grade-2-mark/articleshow/45309154.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305182836/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/top-stories/Chennai-race-track-gets-FIA-Grade-2-mark/articleshow/45309154.cms |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=28 November 2014 |archive-date=5 March 2015 |access-date=9 August 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Events==

; Current

* January: [[MRF Challenge|MRF Formula 2000]], [[Formula LGB|Formula LGB 1300]], Indian Touring Car National Championship

; Former

* [[Asia Road Racing Championship]] (1997, 2009–2011, 2013, 2017–2018)
* [[Asian Formula Three Championship]] (2008)
* [[F4 Indian Championship]] (2023–2025)
* [[Formula 4 South East Asia Championship]] (2018–2019)
* [[Indian Racing League]] (2022–2025)

==Lap records==

As of December 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Madras International Circuit are listed as:

{| class="wikitable"
!Category!!Time!!Driver!!Vehicle!!Event
|-
! colspan=5 | Full Circuit (1990–present): {{cvt|3.717|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[MRF Challenge]] || '''1:30.323'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finale Race 4 results #MRFRacing #MRFChallenge #Formula2000 #FormulaRacing #F2000 |url=https://twitter.com/MRF_Racing/status/1228926368152293376/photo/1 |website=[[Twitter]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719220048/https://twitter.com/MRF_Racing/status/1228926368152293376/photo/1 |date=16 February 2020 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=22 June 2024}}</ref> || [[Yuven Sundaramoorthy]] || [[List of Dallara cars|Dallara Formulino Pro]] || [[2019–20 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|2020 Madras MRF Challenge round]]
|-
| [[Group CN|CN]] || '''1:30.681'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Sprint Race 1 🏁 was a spectacle of raw speed & technical prowess that saw Alister Yoong, Rajeev Rishon & Lola Lovinfosse put in brilliant performances to take the podium spots. Who will get on to the podium tomorrow & stake their claim to the championship? |url=https://twitter.com/Irlofficial1/status/1599078945391271937 |website=[[Twitter]] |date=3 December 2022 |access-date=11 December 2022 }}</ref> || [[Rishon Rajeev]] || [[Wolf GB08|Wolf GB08 Thunder]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Racing League: All you need to know ahead of race weekend |url=https://www.evoindia.com/motorsport/indian-racing-league |date=19 November 2022 |access-date=11 December 2022 |website=Evo India}}</ref> || [[2022 Indian Racing League|2022 2nd Madras Indian Racing League round]]
|-
| [[Formula 4]] || '''1:36.496'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |title=Cooper Webster wins first ever Indian F4 title in Chennai finale |url=https://formulascout.com/cooper-webster-wins-first-ever-indian-f4-title-in-chennai-finale/114111 |website=Formula Scout |language=en |date=17 December 2023 |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref> || [[Cooper Webster]] || [[Mygale M21-F4]] || [[2023 F4 Indian Championship|2023 4th Madras F4 India round]]
|-
| [[Sports motorcycle#Classes|Supersport]] || '''1:41.057'''<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Asia Road Racing Championship Rd 4 - Madras Motor Race Track, India Supersports 600cc - Race 1 Official Result - Final |url=https://asiaroadracing.com/arrcdata/result/2018/r4/2018_rd04_ss600_r1.pdf |date=4 August 2018 |access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref> || [[Yuuki Ito (motorcyclist)|Yuuki Ito]] || [[Yamaha YZF-R6]] || [[2018 Asia Road Racing Championship|2018 Madras ARRC round]]
|-
| [[Asia Road Racing Championship|Asia Production 250]] || '''1:48.148'''<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Asia Road Racing Championship Rd 4 - Madras Motor Race Track, India Asia Production 250cc - Race 1 Official Result - Final |url=https://asiaroadracing.com/arrcdata/result/2018/r4/2018_rd04_ap250_r1.pdf |date=4 August 2018 |access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref> || [[Rheza Danica Ahrens]] || [[Honda CBR250RR (2017)|Honda CBR250RR]] || [[2018 Asia Road Racing Championship|2018 Madras ARRC round]]
|-
| [[Asia Road Racing Championship|Asia Underbone 150]] || '''1:52.184'''<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Asia Road Racing Championship Rd 4 - Madras Motor Race Track, India Underbone 150cc - Race 1 Result - Final |url=https://asiaroadracing.com/arrcdata/result/2018/r4/2018_rd04_ub150_r1.pdf |date=4 August 2018 |access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref> || [[Fazli Ahmad Fazli Sham]] || [[Yamaha T-150]] || [[2018 Asia Road Racing Championship|2018 Madras ARRC round]]
|-
! colspan=5 | Short Circuit (1990–present): {{cvt|2.067|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Formula 4]] || '''0:56.257'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |title=Cooper Webster takes three more Indian F4 wins at Chennai |url=https://formulascout.com/cooper-webster-takes-three-more-indian-f4-wins-at-chennai/113958 |website=Formula Scout |language=en |date=10 December 2023 |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref> || [[Cooper Webster]] || [[Mygale M21-F4]] || [[2023 F4 Indian Championship|2023 3rd Madras F4 India round]]
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Sports}}
* [[Madras Motor Sports Club]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Irungattukottai Race Track}}
* [http://www.madrasmotorsports.in/ Irungattukottai Race Track]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Indian motorsports}}
{{Sport venues in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Asia Road Racing Championship circuits}}

[[Category:Motorsport venues in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Chennai]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1990]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Ram Naresh Ram

2026-04-20T09:26:49Z

Ola22W86488: new new info w/ refs

{{short description|Indian politician (1924–2010)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Naresh Ram
| occupation = [[Politician]]<br />[[Social worker]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Sahar, Bihar|Sahar]]
| term_start1 = 1995
| predecessor1 =
| term_end1 = 2010
| successor1 =
| image = File:Ram_Naresh_Dusadh.jpeg
| death_place = [[Patna, Bihar]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|10|26|1924|8|16}}
| birth_place = [[Sahar, Bihar]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|8|16}}
| caption =
}}

'''Ram Naresh Ram''' (16 August 1924 – 26 October 2010); popularly known as '''Parasji''', was a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] between 1995 and 2010, representing Sahar Assembly constituency from [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI-ML Liberation]] party.<ref>{{cite web |title=RAM NARESH RAM (CPI(ML)(L)):Constituency- Sahar (Bhojpur ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/bih2005/candidate.php?candidate_id=79 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The first generation Dalit naxalite leader of Bhojpur Ram Naresh Ram alias Parasji is not likely to contest this time due to his prolonged illness, according to party sources.CPI-ML leader Ram, himself one of the pillars of Ekbari's Naxal movement, has already made a hat-trick in the erstwhile reserved Dalit constituency of Sahar in Bhojpur district. Octagenarian leader is currently on pacemaker. - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/the-first-generation-dalit-naxalite-leader-of-bhojpur-ram-naresh-ram-alias-parasji-is-not-likely-to-contest-this-time-due-to-his-prolonged-illness-according-to-party-sources-cpi-ml-leader-ram-himself-one-of-the-pillars-of-ekbaris-naxal-movement-has-already-made-a-hat-trick-in-the-erstwhile-reserved-dalit-constituency-of-sahar-in-bhojpur-district-octagenarian-leader-is-currently-on-pacemaker-/articleshow/6553358.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=🗳️ Ram Naresh Ram winner in Sahar, Bihar Assembly Elections 2000: LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results & Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/2000/sahar/ |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Santosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&dq=Ram+Naresh+Ram+Naxal&pg=PT180 |title=Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar |date=2015-10-09 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-93-85436-42-0 |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Ram Naresh Ram joined in the [[Communist Party of India]] in 1951. After the fraction he joined in [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]]. In 1967, he became the CPI(M) candidate in the [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly elections]]. He participated in the [[Naxalbari uprising|Naxal movement]] in [[Ekwari]] region, and is considered one of the leader of [[1970 Bhojpur uprising]] along with Subrata Dutta and others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comrade Ram Naresh Ram |url=https://archive.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2010/dec_10/special.html |website=archive.cpiml.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Naresh, Ram}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1995–2000]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation politicians]]
[[Category:Indian communists]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Maholi Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:30:13Z

Ola22W86488: Put up initial page from scratch...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Maholi
| constituency_no = 145
| map_image = 145-Maholi.svg
| mla = [[Shashank Trivedi]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 323,667 (2012)
| type= SLA
}}
'''Maholi Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency]]. The first election in this assembly constituency was held in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed and the constituency was formed in 2008. The second elections were held in 2017. The constituency is assigned identification number 145.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 19 Dec 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=19 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=19 Dec 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/mohammadi.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=19 Dec 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Maholi Assembly constituency is KCs Pisawan, Maholi, Chandra & Maholi NP of Mishrikh Tehsil; PCs Saraora, Godwa, Bambhaura, Rojaha, Jagana, Tihar, Sahadat Nagar, Sohai, Baseti, Bibipur, Koraiya Udaypur, Jar, Arthalia Grant, Keshawpur & Aliya of Aliya KC of Sitapur Tehsil (Sadar).

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
|03
|[[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Vidhan Sabha]]
|[[Shashank Trivedi]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Mar-2022
|Incumbent
| -
|
|
|-
|02
|[[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]]
|[[Shashank Trivedi]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Mar-2017
|Mar-2022
| 5 years
|
| <ref name="2017 List of successful candidates">{{cite news|title= 2017 UP Assembly Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=24 Aug 2017|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/UP/01.List%20of%20Sucsesful%20Candidates.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 01 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Anoop Kumar Gupta]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Mar-2012 || Mar-2017 || 5 years || - || <ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=19 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
<ref name="election2022">{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24145.htm?ac=145|title= GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2022|access-date=2022-03-24|publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2022]]: Maholi Assembly constituency<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shashank Trivedi
|votes = {{formatnum:112040}}
|percentage = 44.73
|change = {{increase}}11.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Anoop Kumar Gupta]]
|votes = {{formatnum:99868}}
|percentage = 39.87
|change = {{increase}}7.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dr Rajendra Prasad Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:25507}}
|percentage = 10.18
|change = {{decrease}}15.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1480}}
|percentage = 0.59
|change = {{decrease}}0.1
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12172}}
|percentage = 4.86
|change = {{increase}}3.32
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:250504}}
|percentage = 66.11
|change = {{decrease}}2.57
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing = +11.25%
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
<ref name="election2017">{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS24145.htm?ac=145|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2017|access-date=2017-08-24|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808113314/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS24145.htm?ac=145|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Maholi Assembly constituency<ref name="2017 List of successful candidates"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shashank Trivedi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:80938}}
|percentage = 33.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Anoop Kumar Gupta]]
|votes = {{formatnum:77221}}
|percentage = 31.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mahesh Chandra Mishra
|votes = {{formatnum:60917}}
|percentage = 25.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Dal
|candidate = Mahendra Singh Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:11214}}
|percentage = 4.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1665}}
|percentage = 0.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3717}}
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:241699}}
|percentage = 68.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing = +30.52%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: Maholi Assembly constituency<ref name="2012 Election Results"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Anoop Kumar Gupta]]
|votes = 87,160
|percentage = 40.04
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mahesh Chandra Mishra
|votes = 64,445
|percentage = 29.6
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gaya Prasad
|votes = 29,089
|percentage = 13.36
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Er R A Singh Arkwanshi
|votes = 18,700
|percentage = 8.60
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 22,715
|percentage = 10.43
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 217,700
|percentage = 67.26
|change = -
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing = -
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref name="election2012">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|title= Stats Report UP2012|access-date=2017-08-24|publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dhaurahra Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Sitapur district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Sitapur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Ashok Parashar Pappi

2026-04-18T22:39:47Z

Ola22W86488: made post

{{Short description|Indian politician from Punjab}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashok Prashar Pappi
| birth_date = 28 November 1964
| website =
| profession = Politician
| alma_mater =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| spouse =
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]]
| image = Ashok-prashar-pappi-mla-ludhiana-central.jpg
| caption = Ashok Prashar Pappi member of Punjab Legislative Assembly from Ludhiana Central constituency
| term_start = 11 March 2022
| predecessor = [[Surinder Kumar Dawar]]
| term_end =
| successor =
| constituency = [[Ludhiana Central Assembly constituency|Ludhiana Central]]
| office = Member of the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ashok Prashar (Pappi)''' (born November 28, 1964) is an [[Aam Aadmi Party]] politician from Punjab. Currently, he represents the [[Ludhiana Central Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ludhiana Central Election Result 2022 : Ashok Prashar (Pappi ) of AAP Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ludhiana-central-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4856690.html|access-date=2021-03-10|website=news18.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashok Parashar Pappi Won|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election-candidates-list-2022/ashok-parashar-pappi--19063-1|website=NDTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Day after AAProoting, traditional parties go into introspection mode|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/ludhiana-day-after-aaprooting-traditional-parties-go-into-introspection-mode-101647021549176.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

==Political career==
In 2022, he won the Ludhiana Central on an [[Aam Aadmi Party]] ticket, he defeated Surinder Kumar Dawar of Congress and Gurdev Sharma Debi of BJP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ludhiana Central Result|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS1963.htm?ac=63|access-date=2021-03-10|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ludhiana Central Result|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/assembly-elections/punjab-election-result/constituency/Ludhiana%20East-constituency-s19a063/|website=[[CNBC TV18]]}}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Highlights ==
Pioneered the program to add a dose of vitamins, antioxidants, and proteins through fruits and cheese to 4000 midday meals. He further ensured to keep a regular check on the reform initiated and well-executed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ludhiana Central MLA volunteers to distribute fruits daily in 17 govt schools|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/ludhiana-central-mla-volunteers-to-distribute-fruits-daily-in-17-govt-schools-101651091108446.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MLA and friends add fruits, cheese to 4k midday meals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/mla-and-friends-add-fruits-cheese-to-4k-midday-meals/articleshow/91111481.cms|website=[[Times of India]]}}</ref>
;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Petitions|Committee on Petitions]]<ref name="Committee on Petitions">{{cite web |title=Vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=33&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Questions & References|Committee on Questions & References]]<ref name="Committee on Questions & References">{{cite web |title=Vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=37&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

In 2023, during severe flood‑like conditions in central Ludhiana especially in areas such as Dhoka Mohalla, Madhopuri, and Ranjit Park Area, MLA Pappi personally assessed the situation and aided affected residents. According to reports, he distributed milk packets to children and delivered cooked meals door‑to‑door until the floodwaters receded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flood‑like conditions also happened in Ludhiana; MLA took stock of the situation |url=https://punjabi.abplive.com/district/ludhiana/flood-like-conditions-also-happened-in-ludhiana-mla-took-stock-of-the-situation-730274 |website=abplive.com |language=pa |access-date=15 November 2025}}</ref> Afterward, he advocated for infrastructure improvements. Eventually, three powerful motors (170 hp each) were installed to speed up drainage in flood‑prone areas, including Dhoka Mohalla, Ranjit Park, and Dharampura, helping prevent water from accumulating so quickly during heavy rain.<ref>{{Cite news |title=3 motors installed to combat waterlogging |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/3-motors-installed-to-combat-waterlogging/ |work=The Tribune |date=14 July 2025 |access-date=15 November 2025}}</ref>

In 2024, Ashok Parashar Pappi stood as a candidate for the Lok Sabha elections from the Ludhiana constituency. He filed his nomination papers as an Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) candidate and received 237,077 votes in the election.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pappi keeps it simple while filing nomination |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/pappi-keeps-it-simple-while-filing-nomination/articleshow/110097923.cms |work=The Times of India |date=14 May 2024 |access-date=15 November 2025}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Ludhiana Central Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Ludhiana Central Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Facebook|ashokprasharldh}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parashar, Ashok}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:People from Ludhiana district]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]

Badtameez Gill

2026-04-16T16:24:47Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Short description|Hindi comedy movie}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = 
| caption =
| director = Navjot Gulati
| writer =
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Saga Films
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Vaani Kapoor]]
* [[Aparshakti Khurana]]
* [[Paresh Rawal]]
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]]
* [[Monica Chaudhary]]
}}
| cinematography = Piyush Puty
| editing =
| music =
| studio = Saga Films
| distributor =
| released =
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Badtameez Gill''''' is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by Navjot Gulati. Produced under Saga Films, it stars [[Vaani Kapoor]], [[Aparshakti Khurana]], [[Paresh Rawal]], [[Sheeba Chaddha]], Richard Bhakti Klein, and [[Monica Chaudhary]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Aparshakti Khurana starts his next film titled Badtameez Gill, co-starring Vaani Kapoor, Paresh Rawal and Sheeba Chadha | website=Hindustan Times | date=3 May 2024 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/aparshakti-khurana-starts-his-next-film-titled-badtameez-gill-co-starring-vaani-kapoor-paresh-rawal-and-sheeba-chadha-101714744772811.html | access-date=9 September 2024 | archive-date=13 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045557/https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/aparshakti-khurana-starts-his-next-film-titled-badtameez-gill-co-starring-vaani-kapoor-paresh-rawal-and-sheeba-chadha-101714744772811.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Release Date |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=December 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/badtameez-gill/}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Vaani Kapoor]]
* [[Aparshakti Khurana]]
* [[Paresh Rawal]]
* [[Sheeba Chaddha]]
* [[Monica Chaudhary]]
* [[Ishita Raj]]
* Richard Bhakti Klein

== Production ==
The film was announced in May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Vaani Kapoor to star in dramedy movie 'Badtameez Gill' | website=The Hindu | date=3 May 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vaani-kapoor-to-star-in-dramedy-movie-badtameez-gill/article68135044.ece | access-date=9 September 2024 | archive-date=9 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909030650/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vaani-kapoor-to-star-in-dramedy-movie-badtameez-gill/article68135044.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Principal photography]] commenced the same month.<ref>{{cite web | last=Ramachandran | first=Naman | title=Vaani Kapoor to Headline Bollywood Coming-of-Age Film 'Badtameez Gill' (EXCLUSIVE) | website=Variety | date=2 May 2024 | url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/vaani-kapoor-badtameez-gill-1235989876/ | access-date=9 September 2024 | archive-date=9 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909030832/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/vaani-kapoor-badtameez-gill-1235989876/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The film was mainly shot in [[Bareilly]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Pandey | first=Avanish | title=Shooting going on in Bareilly "Badtameez Gill" film crew members' belongings stolen from hotel, hotel staff accused, uproar ensued | website=Patrika News | date=7 May 2024 | url=https://www.patrika.com/bareilly-news/shooting-going-on-in-bareilly-badtameez-gill-film-crew-members-belongings-stolen-from-hotel-hotel-staff-accused-uproar-ensued-18675328 | language=hi | access-date=9 September 2024 | archive-date=13 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045429/https://www.patrika.com/bareilly-news/shooting-going-on-in-bareilly-badtameez-gill-film-crew-members-belongings-stolen-from-hotel-hotel-staff-accused-uproar-ensued-18675328 | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[London]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Sistu | first=Suhas | title=Vaani Kapoor excited to dive into new genre with 'Badtameez Gill' | website=Andhra Pradesh Breaking News, Telangana News, Hyderabad News Updates, National News, Breaking News | date=29 June 2024 | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/vaani-kapoor-excited-to-dive-into-new-genre-with-badtameez-gill-888135}}</ref> before wrapping in July 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Vaani Kapoor's 'Badtameez Gill' wraps filming | website=The Hindu | date=31 July 2024 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vaani-kapoors-badtameez-gill-wraps-filming/article68468121.ece | access-date=9 September 2024 | archive-date=9 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909031318/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vaani-kapoors-badtameez-gill-wraps-filming/article68468121.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt31261286}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|badtameez-gill}}

[[Category:Upcoming films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]

{{2020s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Sonipat Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:51:46Z

Ola22W86488: new a article w/ refs

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sonipat Assembly constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = Sonipat Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Haryana]]
| established = 1967
| abolished =
| electors = 2,50,225
| mla = [[Nikhil Madaan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no = 31
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Sonipat district|Sonipat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency|Sonipat]]
| reservation = None
}}

'''Sonipat Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] of [[Haryana]] a north state of [[India]]. Sonipat is also part of [[Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/sonipat.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Sonipat Assembly constituency]</ref>

[[Nikhil Madaan]] is the current MLA from Sonipat.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-08 |title=Sonipat assembly election results today: BJP's Nikhil Madaan wins Sonipat by 29,627 votes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/sonipat-assembly-election-results-today-bjps-nikhil-madaan-in-tough-fight-with-congress-surender-panwar-who-is-winning/articleshow/114032139.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-09-06 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonipat Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/sonipat.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Mohan Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || [[Mukhtiar Singh Malik]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Chiranji Lal || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=3 | Devi Das || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || Sham Dass || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || rowspan=2 | Devraj Diwan || {{party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Anil Thakur || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=2 | [[Kavita Jain]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || [[Surender Panwar]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Nikhil Madaan]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Nikhil Madaan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=84,827 |percentage=58.59% |change={{increase}}23.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surender Panwar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,200 |percentage=38.13% |change={{decrease}}21.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devinder Gautam |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,200 |percentage=0.83% |change={{decrease}}0.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sardharam Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=1,026 |percentage=0.71% |change={{increase}}0.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=729 |percentage=0.50% |change={{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,627 |percentage=20.46% |change= {{decrease}}4.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,44,776 |percentage=57.66% |change= {{decrease}}4.10 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,50,225 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Surender Panwar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=79,438 |percentage=59.51% |change={{increase}}34.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kavita Jain]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=46,560|percentage=34.88%|change={{decrease}}10.91}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hans Raj|party=Loktanter Suraksha Party|votes=1,845|percentage=1.38%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Vimal Kishor|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=1,661|percentage=1.24%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Azad Singh|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,337|percentage=1.00%|change={{increase}}0.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Amit|party=Jannayak Janta Party|votes=835|percentage=0.63%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=654|percentage=0.49%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Balkishan Sharma|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=547|percentage=0.41%|change={{decrease}}23.62}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,878 |percentage=24.63% |change= {{increase}}3.83 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,33,483|percentage=61.76%|change={{decrease}}6.95}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,16,117 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}13.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kavita Jain]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=56,832 |percentage=45.79% |change={{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dev Raj Diwan|party=Indian National Congress|votes=31,022|percentage=25.00%|change={{decrease}}18.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Surender Panwar]]|party=Indian National Lok Dal|votes=29,826|percentage=24.03%|change={{increase}}18.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anil Ankush|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,176|percentage=0.95%|change={{decrease}}1.66}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Arun Kaushik|party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)|votes=895|percentage=0.72%|change={{decrease}}0.07}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rajiv Verma|party=Communist Party of India|votes=755|percentage=0.61%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,810 |percentage=20.80% |change= {{increase}}17.55 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,24,102|percentage=68.71%|change={{increase}}5.92}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,80,608 |ref = |change= {{increase}}38.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.64 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kavita Jain]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=37,954 |percentage=46.43% |change={{increase}}38.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Kumar Thakkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,297 |percentage=43.18% |change={{increase}}12.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Jogi |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=4,411 |percentage=5.40% |change={{decrease}}14.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khurshid |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,134 |percentage=2.61% |change={{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satbir |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=645 |percentage=0.79% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Joginder |party=Independent politician |votes=514 |percentage=0.63% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,657 |percentage=3.25% |change= {{decrease}}0.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,745 |percentage=62.80% |change= {{decrease}}1.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,30,175 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}21.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}15.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Thakar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,057 |percentage=31.15% |change={{increase}}21.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajiv Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=28,941 |percentage=27.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satinder Kumar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=20,915 |percentage=19.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devraj Dewan |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=9,523 |percentage=8.97% |change={{increase}}8 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalit Batra|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,284 |percentage=7.81% |change={{decrease}}23.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satpal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,671 |percentage=2.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sityender |party=Independent politician |votes=1,085 |percentage=1.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender |party=Independent politician |votes=636 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,116 |percentage=3.88% |change= {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,130 |percentage=63.93% |change= {{increase}}5.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,66,004 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}4.61 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dev Raj Diwan |party=Independent politician |votes=30,341 |percentage=35.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Dass |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,856 |percentage=31.65% |change={{increase}}20.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajiv Kumar |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=16,803 |percentage=19.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,134 |percentage=9.59% |change={{increase}}3.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shardha Nand Solanki |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,881 |percentage=2.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalit |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=828 |percentage=0.98% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,485 |percentage=4.11% |change= {{decrease}}37.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,843 |percentage=58.78% |change= {{decrease}}3.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,44,338 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.28 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}17.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dev Raj Diwan |party=Independent politician |votes=47,269 |percentage=53.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash S/O Hari Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=10,129 |percentage=11.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,116 |percentage=11.38% |change={{decrease}}5.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem S/O Khera |party=Samata Party |votes=7,365 |percentage=8.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sham Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,760 |percentage=6.48% |change={{decrease}}30.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil |party=Independent politician |votes=4,029 |percentage=4.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander |party=Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi |votes=505 |percentage=0.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramdhari |party=Independent politician |votes=494 |percentage=0.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash S/O Manohar Lal |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=477 |percentage=0.54% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=37,140 |percentage=41.76% |change= {{increase}}29.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=88,927 |percentage=64.40% |change= {{increase}}2.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,43,933 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}16.09 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sham Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,623 |percentage=37.07% |change={{increase}}7.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satender |party=Janata Party |votes=17,023 |percentage=24.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Dass |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,715 |percentage=16.95% |change={{decrease}}36.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Phal |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,371 |percentage=10.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash S/O Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,781 |percentage=8.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajinder S/O Siri Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=436 |percentage=0.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hukam Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=364 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,600 |percentage=12.44% |change= {{decrease}}11.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,122 |percentage=60.61% |change= {{decrease}}5.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,17,372 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}16.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Das |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=34,962 |percentage=53.23% |change={{increase}}7.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sham Dass |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,217 |percentage=29.26% |change={{decrease}}1.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumer Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=6,584 |percentage=10.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunehra |party=Independent politician |votes=961 |percentage=1.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwar Singh Dahiya |party=Independent politician |votes=917 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalbir |party=Independent politician |votes=581 |percentage=0.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jai Pal |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=460 |percentage=0.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virender |party=Independent politician |votes=392 |percentage=0.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraj Bhan |party=Independent politician |votes=361 |percentage=0.55% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manohar Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=342 |percentage=0.52% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,745 |percentage=23.97% |change= {{increase}}9.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,676 |percentage=65.35% |change= {{decrease}}1.62 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,01,952 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.99 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}7.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Das |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,890 |percentage=45.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,813 |percentage=30.97% |change={{increase}}1.9 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shardha Nand Solanki |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=5,752 |percentage=10.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumer Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=3,576 |percentage=6.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=712 |percentage=1.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subash |party=Independent politician |votes=658 |percentage=1.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jitender Kumar |party=Janata Party |votes=634 |percentage=1.17% |change={{decrease}}59.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=373 |percentage=0.69% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,077 |percentage=14.88% |change= {{decrease}}16.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=54,296 |percentage=67.24% |change= {{increase}}2.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,223 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.52 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}14.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Das |party=Janata Party |votes=26,456 |percentage=60.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chiranji Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,722 |percentage=29.06% |change={{decrease}}27.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rattan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,698 |percentage=6.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=662 |percentage=1.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=364 |percentage=0.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=329 |percentage=0.75% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sat Pal |party=Communist Party of India |votes=309 |percentage=0.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hawa Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=233 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,734 |percentage=31.38% |change= {{increase}}13.08 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,773 |percentage=63.71% |change= {{decrease}}5.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,375 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.19 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chiaranji Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,183 |percentage=56.74% |change={{increase}}16.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vas Dev |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=17,063 |percentage=38.44% |change={{decrease}}17.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Bhan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,505 |percentage=3.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satya Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=635 |percentage=1.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,120 |percentage=18.29% |change= {{increase}}2.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,386 |percentage=69.86% |change= {{increase}}11.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,723 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chaudhary Mukhtiar Singh Malik |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=18,480 |percentage=56.15% |change={{increase}}12.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dewan Dwarka Khosla|party=Indian National Congress|votes=13,174|percentage=40.03%|change={{decrease}}5.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dev Raj Diwan|party=Independent politician|votes=894|percentage=2.72%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Om Parkash|party=Independent politician|votes=235|percentage=0.71%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ram Phal Alias Lekh Ram|party=Independent politician|votes=128|percentage=0.39%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,306 |percentage=16.12% |change= {{increase}}13.84 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=32,911|percentage=58.45%|change={{decrease}}14.56}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,461 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Sonipat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,930 |percentage=45.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=17,035 |percentage=43.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Mal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,057 |percentage=7.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Lal |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,191 |percentage=3.04% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=895 |percentage=2.28% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,213 |percentage=75.96% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,589 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}
{{coord|28.95|77.09|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Sonipat district]]
[[Category:Sonipat]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Nanded-Waghala City Municipal Corporation

2026-04-13T08:41:56Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Nanded-Waghala City Municipal Corporation (NWCMC)
| background_color = #691eac
| motto = {{native phrase|sa|"कटिबद्धा जनहिताय"|italics=off}}<br /> <small>Prepared for public interest</small>
| house_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
| body = Nanded
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1997|03|26}}
| preceded_by = Nanded Municipal Council
| leader2_type = [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader2 = Dr. Maheshkumar Doiphode<ref>{{Cite web | title=Commissioner | url=https://www.nwcmc.gov.in/commissioner.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021142620/http://www.nwcmc.gov.in:80/commissioner.php | access-date=2025-05-10 | archive-date=2012-10-21}}</ref>
| party2 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| election2 = May 2020
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = Mrs. Kavita Muley
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| election1 = 10 February 2026
| leader3_type = [[Chairman]], Standing Committee
| leader3 =
| party3 =
| leader4_type = Leader of the Opposition
| leader4 =
| party4 =
| structure1 = [[File:India Nanded-Waghala City Municipal Corporation 2026.svg|300px]]
| structure1_res =
| election4 =
| seats = '''81'''
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (50)'''
:*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janta Party|45}}<ref name="BJP wrests control of Nanded Waghala civic body after 28 years, Kavita Mule elected mayor">{{cite news |title=BJP wrests control of Nanded Waghala civic body after 28 years, Kavita Mule elected mayor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/bjp-wrests-control-of-nanded-waghala-civic-body-after-28-years-kavita-mule-elected-mayor/articleshow/128172356.cms |access-date=20 March 2026 |publisher=The Times of India |date=11 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260320130646/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/bjp-wrests-control-of-nanded-waghala-civic-body-after-28-years-kavita-mule-elected-mayor/articleshow/128172356.cms |archive-date=20 March 2026}}</ref>
:*{{Party legend|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|4}}
:*{{Party legend|Independent|1|shortname=IND}}
''' Opposition (31)'''
:*{{Party legend|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|14}}
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|10}}
:*{{Party legend|Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|5}}
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party|2}}

| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| first_election1 = October, 1997
| last_election1 = [[2025–26 Maharashtra local election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |publisher=India TV News |date=15 December 2025}} </ref>
| next_election1 = 2031
| meeting_place = Town Hall, Oppo. SGGS Memorial Hospital & Near Collectorate, [[Nanded]]-431605.
| website = [http://www.nwcmc.gov.in http://www.nwcmc.gov.in]
}}

The '''Nanded-Waghala City Municipal Corporation''' is the municipal governing body of the city of [[Nanded]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref> Sitamarhi Municipal Corporation is headed by [[Mayor]] of city and governed by [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]]. The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and the Municipal Commissioner is the CEO who administers the city's civic services, infrastructure.<ref>The Nanded Waghala City Municipal Corporation</ref>

==List of Mayor==

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Party
!Term
|-
|1
|Sudhakar Pandhare
|[[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]]
|1997-98
|-
|2
|Mangala Nimkar
|INC
|1998-99
|-
|3
|Gangadhar More
|INC
|1999-2002
|-
|4
|Omprakash Pokarna
|INC
|2002-05
|-
|5
|A.Shamim Begum A.Hafiz
|INC
|2005-07
|-
|6
|Balwantsingh Gadiwale
|INC
|2007-09
|-
|-
|7
|Prakash Mutha
|INC
|2009-10
|-
|8
|Ajay Bisen
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2010-12
|-
|9
|Abdul Sattar
|INC
|2012-15
|-
|10
|Shailaja Kishor Swami
|INC
|2015-17
|-
|11
|Shila Kishor Bhavre
|INC
|2017-19
|-
|12
|Deeksha Dhabale
|INC
|2019-20
|-
|13
|Mohini V. Yevankar
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2020-22
|-
|14
|Jayashree Nilesh Pawde
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2022-23
|-
|17
| ''Administrator''
| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|2022, November- February 2026
|-
|18
|Kavita Mule
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|2026- present
|}
{{Short description|Municipal corporation in Maharashtra, India}}

== History ==
'''NWCMC''' was established on 26 March 1997, by merging [[Nanded]] Municipal Council and adjoining Waghala Municipal Council. The Corporation is constituted under the provisions of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949.
Corporation is governed by the provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

==Geographical scope==

[[Nanded]] City is divided in two parts i.e. Old Nanded (20.62 km<sup>2</sup>) situated north side of the [[Godavari River]] (on the left bank) and New Nanded (31.14 km<sup>2</sup>) comprising Waghala and six other newly merged villages and CIDCO area, compromising south of the [[Godavari River]].
The total area under the NWCMC jurisdiction is 51.76 km<sup>2</sup> i.e. (5,176.66 Ha).

In addition to the Waghala Municipal Council 5 more Villages viz. Vasarni Village, Kautha Village, Asarjan Village, Fatehjangpur Village, Asadwan Village & CIDCO and HUDCO colonies were merged with the NWCMC.<ref>The Nanded-Waghala municipal corporation</ref>

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Na11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Na12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Na13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

== Administration ==

The NWCMC is headed by an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer who serves as [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal Commissioner]], wielding executive power. A quinquennial election is held to elect corporators, who are responsible for basic civic infrastructure and enforcing duty. The [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]], usually from the majority party, serves as head of the house.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="3" | City officials
|-
| [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayor]]
| Kavita Mule
| 10 February 2026
|-
| [[Mayor of Mumbai|Deputy Mayor]]
| Deepak Singh Rawat
| 10 February 2026
|-
| [[Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai|Municipal Commissioner]]
| Lahuraj Mali
| 8 May 2020
|-
| [[Police Commissioner of Mumbai|Police Commissioner]]
| Manoj Singhal
| 28 February 2019
|}

== Commissioner's of Nanded ==

Office of ''NWCMC'' is located at [[Nanded]] which is situated on the banks of Godavari River.
* Sumant Bhange
* Shravan Hardikar, IAS
* Shushil Khodwekar
* Lahuraj Mali
*Dr. Sunil Lahane
*Current Commissioner is Dr.Maheshkumar Doiphode

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Nanded]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Maharashtra]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Mewasa Taloda Akrani West Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:24:39Z

Ola22W86488: Put up new stub first draft...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mewasa Taloda Akrani West
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 95,358
| mla = Patil, Vishram Hari
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = ST
}}
<b>Mewasa Taloda Akrani West Assembly constituency </b>was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Patil, Vishram Hari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| Valvi, Janardan Poharya
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mewasa Taloda Akrani West <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil, Vishram Hari |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,734 |percentage = 15.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranasaheb Jaideosing Gulabsing |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,159 |percentage = 14.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Valvi, Janardan Poharya |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 13,585 |percentage = 14.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gujar, Pralhad Bhaidas |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 11,500 |percentage = 12.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahajan, Gorakh Hulaji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 10,810 |percentage = 11.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Padvi, Ukhadu Dewla |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,490 |percentage = 11.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhil, Shakharam Bhagwan |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 9,977 |percentage = 10.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Valvi, Laxman Vedu |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 9,357 |percentage = 9.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 575 |percentage = 0.61% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,612 |percentage = 49.61% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 94,612}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,358 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]][[Constituencies established in 1951]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Tata Mutual Fund

2026-04-09T15:09:49Z

Ola22W86488: new new pg needs work

{{Short description|Indian bank sponsored fund house}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Tata Mutual Fund
| logo =
| type = [[Private Limited]]
| foundation = March 1994
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| key_people = Prathit Bhobe (MD & CEO),<ref>{{cite web |title=Tata Mutual Fund appoints Prathit Bhobe as MD and CEO |url=https://www.vccircle.com/tata-amc-appoints-prathit-bhobe-as-new-md-and-ceo |website=VCCircle |publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> Mr. Rajiv Sabharwal (Chairman), Rahul Singh (CIO)<ref>{{cite web |title=Equity returns are in a phase of normalisation: Tata MF's Rahul Singh |url=https://www.business-standard.com/markets/interviews/equity-returns-are-in-a-phase-of-normalisation-tata-mf-s-rahul-singh-125042700446_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com |publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
| industry = [[Investment management]]
| area_served = India
| products = {{ubl|[[Asset Management]]|[[Wealth Management]]}}
| aum = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|1119756.6|C}} {{small|(September 2024)}}
| owner = [[Tata Group]]
| num_employees =
| homepage = {{url|https://www.tatamutualfund.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gattaiah |first1=Tadoori, Dr. |title=Integration of ESG Investment With the Traditional Portfolio- a Study of TATA Mutual Funds |date=1 March 2018 |journal=SSRN |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3704684 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Tata Mutual Fund Achieved 58% Growth in Engagement |url=https://www.haptik.ai/resources/case-study/tata-mutual-fund |website=www.haptik.ai |publisher=[[Haptik]] |language=en-us}}</ref>
}}
'''Tata Mutual Fund''' is an Indian private [[asset management company]] introduced by the [[Tata Group]] and incorporated in 1994 with its [[Corporate headquarters|corporate head office]] located in [[Mumbai]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kalyanaraman |first1=Anand |title=Tata Mutual Fund is in the top 10 again. There’s nothing to celebrate |url=https://the-ken.com/story/tata-mutual-fund-is-in-the-top-10-again-theres-nothing-to-celebrate |website=The Ken |publisher=[[The Ken]]|date=22 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tata Ethical Fund: An inconsistent performer |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/tata-ethical-fund-an-inconsistent-performer/articleshow/62093401.cms |website=The Economic Times |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=18 December 2017}}</ref> It manages mutual funds, portfolio management services, and retirement solutions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bazaz |first1=Shivani |title=Narrative for IT spends continues to remain strong, says Meeta Shetty of Tata Mutual Fund |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/narrative-for-it-spends-continues-to-remain-strong-says-meeta-shetty-of-tata-mutual-fund/articleshow/90676729.cms |website=The Economic Times |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=6 April 2022}}</ref>

==History==
The mutual fund industry in India originally began in 1963 with the [[Unit Trust of India]] as a [[Government of India]] and the [[Reserve Bank of India]] initiative. Tata Mutual Fund was launched in March 1994, and became non-[[UTI Asset Management|UTI mutual fund]] in India. The business is registered under registration number INP000001058. The registration number for Tata Asset Management Ltd. as a mutual fund is MF/023/95/9. It also runs Tata Asset management (Mauritius) Pvt. Ltd. a foreign institutional investor (FII) that is registered with SEBi under registration number INMUFD161207.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tata Asset Management Pvt Ltd - Latest Mutual Fund Schemes, NAV, Performance, Returns |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/mutual-funds/amc/tata-asset-management-limited-detail-page-17 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Fake Identity of TMF==
Several fraudulent websites, mobile applications, and WhatsApp groups were created using the name of Tata Mutual Fund.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Shivendra |title=Scam alert! Sebi warns investors against fraudulent communications demanding fines, using fake logos |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/scam-alert-sebi-warns-investors-against-fraudulent-communications-demanding-fines-using-fake-logos/articleshow/121625423.cms |website=The Economic Times |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

In May 2024, Tata Mutual Fund released a public caution notice warning investors and partners about fraudulent websites, mobile apps, and WhatsApp groups.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Khanna |first1=Surbhi |title=Tata Mutual Fund warns investors of fake social media accounts |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/mf-news/tata-mutual-fund-warns-investors-of-fake-social-media-accounts/articleshow/110357459.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=23 May 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mutual funds in India]]
* [[Government of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|tatamutualfund.com}}

{{Major asset management companies}}
{{Tata Group}}

[[Category:Financial services companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mutual funds of India]]
[[Category:Exchange-traded funds]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Investment management companies of India]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Asset management companies]]

Nagpur II Assembly constituency

2026-04-08T17:30:41Z

Ola22W86488: Put up a article v1...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nagpur Ii
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1964 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Delimitation Commission (1964) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 84,209
| mla = Dhondbaji Dashrath Hadav
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}

'''Nagpur II Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Dindayal Nandram Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Gupta Dindayal Nandram
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Dhondbaji Dashrath Hadav || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur II <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dhondbaji Dashrath Hadav |party = Independent politician |votes = 33,176 |percentage = 53.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pratapsinhrao Laxmanrao Bhonsle |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,175 |percentage = 26.30% |change = {{decrease}}24.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramjiwan Faluram Choudhary |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 9,787 |percentage = 15.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vikram Narayan Sawarkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,361 |percentage = 3.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,001 |percentage = 27.64% |change = {{increase}}26.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,731 |percentage = 75.68% |change = {{increase}}7.27 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,499}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,209 |ref = |change = {{increase}}25.37 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.20 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur II <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gupta Dindayal Nandram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,321 |percentage = 50.75% |change = {{decrease}}9.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Samarth Ramkrishna Paikuji |party = Independent politician |votes = 22,629 |percentage = 49.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 692 |percentage = 1.51% |change = {{decrease}}32.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,950 |percentage = 68.41% |change = {{increase}}5.50 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 45,950}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,169 |ref = |change = {{increase}}47.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Nagpur II <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dindayal Nandram Gupta |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,175 |percentage = 60.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchndra Sakharam Ruikar |party = Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) |votes = 7,364 |percentage = 25.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithoba Gopal Badwaik |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 3,215 |percentage = 11.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Tatyaji Bhonsale |party = Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha |votes = 825 |percentage = 2.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,811 |percentage = 34.33% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 28,579 |percentage = 62.91% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 28,579}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,426 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Saraswati (disambiguation)

2026-04-08T15:04:04Z

Ola22W86488: Created stub!

{{wiktionary|Saraswati|Sarasvati}}
'''[[Saraswati]]''', or Sarasvati, is a Hindu goddess.

'''Saraswati''', '''Saraswathi''', or '''Sarasvati''' may also refer to:
{{TOC right}}
== River ==
* [[Saraswati River]], a river mentioned in ancient Indian texts
**[[Ghaggar-Hakra River]], the possible remains of the Sarasvati River in India and Pakistan
**[[Saraswati River (Madhya Pradesh)]], India
**[[Saraswati River (Uttarakhand)]], India
**[[Saraswati River (Gujarat)]], India
**[[Saraswati River (West Bengal)]], India
**[[Saraswati Flumen]] on Titan

==People==
*[[Saraswat Brahmin]], Brahmin sub-caste of India who claim an origin from settlements near the Sarasvati river
===Given name===
*[[K. Saraswathi Amma]]
* [[Saraswati Devi (music director)]] (1912–1980), Indian director of music and score composer
* [[Saraswati Devi (scholar)]], Telugu scholar and poet
* [[Sarada (actress)]], Indian actress, born Saraswati Devi
* [[Saraswati Devi (veena player)]], daughter of Tansen
*[[Saraswathi Rajamani]]
* [[Saraswati Saha]], an Indian sprinter
*[[Saraswati Samman]]
*[[Saraswathi Subbiah]]
* [[Saraswati Vidyardhi]], an Indian singer

===Surname===
*[[Chinmayananda Saraswati]]
*[[C. R. Saraswathi]]
*[[Jayendra Saraswathi]]
* [[Isyana Sarasvati]] (born 1993), Indonesian singer
* [[Rahayu Saraswati]] (born 1986), Indonesian politician
*[[Vijayendra Saraswati Swamigal]]

==Other uses==
* [[Sarasvati Productions]], a Canadian theatre company
* [[Saraswati Supercluster]], an astronomical object
* [[Saraswati veena]], a musical instrument
* [[Saraswati (sculpture)]], an outdoor sculpture
* [[Saraswati (TV series)]], an Indian Marathi language television series
* [[Saraswati (magazine)]], the first Hindi monthly magazine
*''[[S. Saraswathi]]'', 2026 Indian film

==See also==
* [[Saraswatichandra (disambiguation)]]
* [[Saraswoti (disambiguation)]]
* [[Harahvaiti (disambiguation)]], Iranic equivalent

{{Disambiguation|geo|given name}}

Perumal Govindaswamy

2026-04-05T21:58:24Z

Ola22W86488: new basic article from scratch

{{Short description|Singaporean politician (1911–1978)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Govindaswamy|Perumal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Perumal Govindaswamy
| honorific_suffix = [[Bintang Bakti Masyarakat|BBM]]
| term_start = {{Start date|1963|10|22|df=y}}
| term_end = {{End date|1978|06|04|df=y}}
| predecessor = [[David Marshall (Singaporean politician)|David Marshall]]
| successor = [[Devan Nair]]
| birth_date = 1911
| birth_place = [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|06|04|1911|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Singapore]]
| spouse = Krishnaveni
| children = 9
| alma_mater =
| image = Perumal Govindaswamy.jpeg
| native_name = <small>{{nobold|{{native name|ta|பெருமாள் கோவிந்தசாமி|paren=omit}}}}</small>
| native_name_lang = ta
| party = [[People's Action Party]]
| prime_minister = [[Lee Kuan Yew]]
| nickname =
| parliament = Singapore
| constituency_MP = [[Anson Constituency|Anson]]
}}

'''Perumal Govindaswamy''' {{Post-nominals|country=||list=[[Bintang Bakti Masyarakat|BBM]]}} (1911 – 4 June 1978), also known as P. Govindaswamy, was a Singaporean trade unionist, politician, and a founding member of the [[People's Action Party]], serving as Member of Legislative Assembly and later Member of Parliament for [[Anson Constituency|Anson]] from 1963 till his death in 1978.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Yap |first=Sonny |date=1974-06-25 |title=The restless mind of a 'nosy' MP |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newnation19740625-1.2.22.5 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[New Nation]] |pages=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-06-06 |title=Govindaswamy meninggal akibat diserang sakit jantung |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19780606-1.2.54 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[Berita Harian (Singapore)|Berita Harian]] |oclc=53812840|pages=8 |language=ms}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
In 1911, Perumal Govindaswamy was born in [[India]], and in 1927, he migrated to [[Singapore]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1978-06-05 |title=MP dies of heart attack |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newnation19780605-1.2.24 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[New Nation]] |pages=4}}</ref> He received no formal education.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=1978-06-15 |title=House pays respects to late MP |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19780615-1.2.25.10 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref>

In 1929, Govindaswamy joined the Postal Service Department (now known as [[Singapore Post]]) and soon became involved in the Union of Postal Workers and the Postal and Telecommunication Uniformed Staff Union. In May 1952, Govindaswamy was one of the organisers of a postal union strike, and engaged lawyer [[Lee Kuan Yew]] as their negotiator and legal advisor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-26 |title=Mr Lee Kuan Yew a 'brother to our workers': NTUC |url=https://www.todayonline.com/rememberinglky/mr-lee-kuan-yew-brother-our-workers-ntuc |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[Today (website)|Today]]|oclc=46474542}}</ref> More than 400 workers began the 13-day strike on 13 May 1952.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1952-05-13 |title=Members of Singapore Post and Telegraph Uniformed Staff Union in discussion during a 13-day postal strike in negotiation for fairer pay |url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/b779c9d5-1162-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=nas.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1952-05-15 |title=Work Continues As Postmen Picket GPO |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singstandard19520515-1.2.20 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[Singapore Tiger Standard|Singapore Standard]] |pages=2}}</ref> Lee was able to negotiate a settlement resulting in pay increase and better working conditions.<ref name=":2" />

In 1963, Govindaswamy retired from the department as inspector of posts.<ref name=":1" />

==Political career==
Upon retirement from the postal service, Govindaswamy stood for the Legislative Assembly at the [[1963 Singaporean general election|1963 general elections]] in the constituency of [[Anson Constituency|Anson]]. He won 46.9% of the votes cast and was elected to the [[3rd Legislative Assembly of Singapore|3rd Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1963 |title=1963 Legislative Assembly General Election Results |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1963.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Elections Department Singapore]]}}</ref>

In the [[1968 Singaporean general election|1968 general elections]], Govindaswamy was the only candidate contesting in the constituency of Anson, and was elected unopposed to the [[2nd Parliament of Singapore|2nd Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1968 |title=1968 Parliamentary General Election Results |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1968.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Elections Department Singapore]]}}</ref>

In 1971, rumours alleged that some applicants were able to receive their [[Housing and Development Board]] (HDB) flats earlier than others "if they are willing to pay". As the chairman of the committee overseeing allocation of HDB flats, Govindaswamy said such allegations were untrue, and elaborated in his speech at a balloting exercise:{{Blockquote|text=The board's first-come-first-served policy has always been followed and in every balloting, the cards are checked and sealed in envelopes by me personally. The allocation of flats is based strictly on Housing Board rules and regulations.<br />The rumours might have been spread by people who did not understand the rules of the board or by people with malicious intention of damaging the good name of the Board.<br />Action can be taken by the police to charge these people in court for spreading malicious rumours.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perumal Govindaswamy |date=1971-07-16 |title=MP: No truth in 'jump HDB queue' rumours |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19710716-1.2.52 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=9}}</ref>}}

In the [[1972 Singaporean general election|1972 general elections]], Govindaswamy won 74.3% of the votes cast and was elected to the [[3rd Parliament of Singapore|3rd Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1972 |title=1972 Parliamentary General Election Results |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1972.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Elections Department Singapore]]}}</ref> The other two candidates were Tay Kim Oh from [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Workers' Party]] and Paul C. Kunjuraman from [[United National Front (Singapore)|United National Front]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-09-02 |title=Election Scoreboard |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19720902-1.2.17 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=4}}</ref>

In 1975, during a debate in Parliament about conducting feasibility studies into the [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] (MRT) system, Minister for Communications [[Yong Nyuk Lin]] announced that the cost of the studies was expected to be {{SGD|4500000|link=on}}. Govindaswamy felt that there was no need to waste "good money" on research into the MRT system as the Government was already improving the existing public transport system, and the money could be diverted to other projects. MP for [[Moulmein Single Member Constituency|Moulmein]] [[Lawrence Sia]] disagreed with Govindaswamy, and felt that the MRT system should be introduced as soon as possible to cope with the increasing reliance on public transport.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1975-03-20 |title=MRT SYSTEM STUDY TO COST $4.5M |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19750320-1.2.30.3 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=6}}</ref>

Once again, in the [[1976 Singaporean general election|1976 general elections]], as the sole candidate for Anson, Govindaswamy was elected unopposed to the [[4th Parliament of Singapore|4th Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1976 |title=1976 Parliamentary General Election Results |url=https://www.eld.gov.sg/elections_past_parliamentary1976.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Elections Department Singapore]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1976-12-23 |title=THE 16 WHO WERE RETURNED UNOPPOSED... |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19761223-1.2.62 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=12}}</ref>

In 1978, Minister for Culture [[Ong Teng Cheong]] was addressing criticisms of [[Radio Television Singapore]] (RTS). Govindaswamy complained of discrimination by RTS against Indians as not many Indians were hired as staff, and that Tamil listeners were neglected by RTS as football matches were not broadcast in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chia |first1=Poteik |last2=Ngiam |first2=Tong Hi |last3=Rodrigues |first3=Christina |last4=Chong |first4=Elena |last5=Teo |first5=Edmund |date=1978-03-23 |title=No way you can compare RTS with Hollywood |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19780323-1.2.42.3 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Together with his wife, Krishnaveni, they had four children, as well as five adopted children.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=1999-10-24 |title=Obituaries |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/page/straitstimes19991024-1.1.38 |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=38}}</ref>

Govindaswamy lived in the Windsor Park estate, off Upper Thomson Road. In 1971, Govindaswamy was elected as the president of the estate's association.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1971-04-28 |title=MP heads Windsor Park Assn |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/singherald19710428-1.2.36 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[Singapore Herald]] |pages=5}}</ref> On 12 March 1972, Prime Minister [[Lee Kuan Yew]] was accompanied by Govindaswamy to officiate the opening of the estate's {{SGD|18000|link=on}} clubhouse located at 2 Jupiter Road.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1972-03-14 |title=VITAL TO LEARN TO LIVE AT EASE WITH EACH OTHER: LEE |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19720314-1.2.81 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=15}}</ref> In 1974, he was re-elected as president.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1974-04-25 |title=Govindaswamy re-elected |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19740425-1.2.50 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659}}</ref> The clubhouse was demolished in 2000 and a [[terraced house]] subdivided into three units was constructed on the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Koh |first=Boon Pin |date=1999-05-23 |title=Windsor Park clubhouse may have to go |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19990523-1.2.34.7 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=28}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]] |title=PROPOSED ERECTION OF 3 UNITS OF 2-STOREY TERRACE HOUSES EACH WITH AN ATTIC |date=2000-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]] |title=SUBDIVISION OF LAND OF THE 2 STOREY TERRACE HOUSE |date=2002-08-01}}</ref>

On 4 June 1978, after complaining of chest pains and difficulty of breathing, Govindaswamy was sent to [[Toa Payoh Hospital]]. He died of a heart attack on the way to the hospital.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-06-05 |title=MP for Anson dies |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19780605-1.2.13 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=1}}</ref> In a condolence message to his widow, Lee described Govindaswamy as "an old and treasured friend" that was a "responsible, firm and steady leader" who always spoke from his heart, representing the constituents of Anson with sincerity by looking after their interests.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-06-06 |title=Man who always spoke from his heart, says the PM |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19780606-1.2.28 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ho |first=Ai Li |date=2015-08-16 |title=The MP who won affection with his sincerity |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes20150816-1.2.37.12.7 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref> On 6 June 1978, Acting Prime Minister and Defence Minister [[Goh Keng Swee]] led ministers and MPs at the funeral service held at [[Mount Vernon Columbarium]], paying their last respects.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-06-07 |title=Goh leads ministers and MPs at Govin's funeral |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19780607-1.2.48 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Penghormatan akhir utk Govindaswamy |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19780607-1.2.45 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[Berita Harian (Singapore)|Berita Harian]]|oclc=53812840 |pages=8 |language=ms}}</ref>

His wife died on 22 October 1999.<ref name=":4" />

== Awards and decorations ==
After his death, Govindaswamy was posthumously awarded the Public Service Star, and the award was received by his wife.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ngoo |first=Irene |date=1978-12-09 |title=Joy and sadness for award recipients |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19781209-1.2.23 |access-date=2025-01-02 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |issn=0585-3923 |oclc=8572659 |pages=8}}</ref>

* [[File:Bintang Bakti Masyarakat ribbon (1963–1996).png|80x80px]] [[Bintang Bakti Masyarakat|Public Service Star]], in 1978.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-08-09 |title=Peguam Negara dahului senarai penerima pingat |via=[[NewspaperSG]] |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/beritaharian19780809-1.2.14 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[Berita Harian (Singapore)|Berita Harian]]|oclc=53812840 |pages=1 |language=ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1978-08-09 |title=Republic of Singapore Government Gazette Extraordinary |url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/-/media/PMO/National-Day-Awards/PDF-before-1998/NDA-Recipients-1978-pdf.ashx |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|Prime Minister's Office]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par | sg}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[David Marshall (Singaporean politician)|David Marshall]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = Member of Parliament for <br /> [[Anson Constituency|Anson]]
| years = 1968 – 1978
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Devan Nair]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{1st Parliament of Singapore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Govindaswamy, Perumal}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Singaporean politicians]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Singapore]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Singapore]]
[[Category:People's Action Party politicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Bintang Bakti Masyarakat]]
[[Category:Singaporean trade unionists]]
[[Category:Singaporean people of Tamil descent]]
[[Category:Singaporean politicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of Singapore]]
[[Category:20th-century trade unionists]]

Pundir Rajputs

2026-04-03T03:23:35Z

Ola22W86488: new initial entry initial version

{{Short description|Clan of Rajputs in India}}{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Pundir Rajputs
| image = 
| caption =
| regions = [[India]]
| languages = [[Hindi]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]
| religions = [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]]
| related = [[Rajputs]]
}}

The '''Pundir''' are a clan of [[Rajput]]s based in [[Uttarakhand]] and western [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kolenda |first=Pauline |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnraAAAAMAAJ |title=Caste, Marriage, and Inequality: Essays on North and South India |date=2003 |publisher=Rawat Publications |isbn=978-81-7033-799-7 |pages=82: The dominant caste was and is '''Pundir Rajput'''; about 40 percent of the population belongs to one or another of the minor or minimal patrilineages of the maximal patrilineage of Pundir Rajputs . Virtually , all male Rajputs trace their |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[Eric Thomas Stokes|Eric Stokes]] noted that: {{Blockquote|text=In the Katha the Pundir Rajputs stood out as the dominant landholders, dwelling together as a formidable clan that had never been properly brought under close administration. A proud, hardy race ... they possessed a long history of turbulence. Significantly they had successfully warded off alien intrusion ... So formidable did they appear as adversaries before the recapture of Delhi at the end of September 1857 that the British left them severely alone, despite their attacks on Deoband town and in similar depredations.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in Colonial India |first=Eric |last=Stokes |authorlink=Eric Thomas Stokes |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-52129-770-7 |page=172}}</ref>}}

== See also ==

* [[Rajput clans]]
* [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]
* [[First Battle of Tarain]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajput, Pundir}}

==Sources==
*Evatt, John T. ''Historical Record of the Royal Garhwal Rifles'' (p. 78; p. 103)
*Roy, K. ''The Construction of Regiments in the Indian Army: 1859-1913. War in History, 1 April 2001, vol. 8, no. 2'' (pp. 127–148)
*Bajpai, Shiv Chandra. ''The Northern Frontier of India: Central and Western Sector'' (p. 23)
*Siddiqi, Jamal Muhammad. ''A Historical Survey: Ancient Times to 1803 AD'' (p. 124; p. 180)

{{Rajput Groups of India}}

[[Category:Rajput clans]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Uttarakhand]]

Infant Matriculation Higher Secondary School

2026-03-20T15:11:15Z

Ola22W86488: slightly update article for consistency and updated info

{{Short description|Secondary school in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{mi|
{{Out of date|date=August 2025}}
{{more references needed|date=March 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox school
| schooltype = [[Secondary school]]
| established = {{start year and age|1987}}
| principal = Ms. Vijaya Kumari
| grades = Lower Kindergarten - Grade 12
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Mixed]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
}}
'''Infant Preparatory Matriculation Higher Secondary School''' otherwise known as IMPHSS is located in Periyar Nagar, [[Vriddhachalam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Infant Preparatory Matriculation Higher Secondary School-Vriddhachalam (Virddhachalur, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu) - Reviews, Ratings {{!}} EduConnectIn |url=http://educonnectin.com/schools/tamil-nadu/cuddalore/virddhachalur/infant-preparatory-matriculation-higher-secondary-school-vriddhachalam/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=educonnectin.com |language=en}}</ref> The school was established in 1987.

The correspondent and principal of this school is Vijaya Kumari. The English medium, co-educational school offers education from the grades of LKG to the 12th standard and is affiliated with the State Board for both secondary and higher secondary levels.

The school offers extracurricular activities like martial arts, music and sports.

== References ==
<references />
{{coord|11.517844|79.342369|display=title}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Education in Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1987]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

{{TamilNadu-school-stub}}

List of programmes broadcast by Nickelodeon (India)

2026-03-16T21:23:15Z

Ola22W86488: put up first pg w/ refs

{{Short description|None}}
{{Cleanup|reason=Article as written meets WP:NOTTVGUIDE and needs cleanup to comply with guidelines and policy|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
This is a list of television programmes broadcast by [[Nickelodeon (Indian TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] in [[India]]. The channel was launched on 16 October 1999.
[[File:Nickelodeon 2023 logo (outline).svg|thumb|300x300px|Nickelodeon India's current logo, used since 2024.]]

== Current programming ==
=== Nickelodeon SD ===
* ''[[Abhimanyu Ki Alien Family]]''
* ''Bittu Bahanebaaz''
* ''[[Chikoo Aur Bunty]]''
* ''[[Motu Patlu]]''
=== Nickelodeon HD+ ===
* ''[[Dora and Friends: Into the City!]]''
* ''[[iCarly]]''
* ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''
* ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''
* ''[[The Casagrandes]]''
* ''[[The Legend of Korra]]''
* ''[[The Loud House]]''
* ''[[The Penguins of Madagascar]]''
* ''[[Transformers: EarthSpark]]''
* ''[[WITS Academy]]''<ref>https://www.tvwish.com/IN/Channels/Nick-HD/78/Schedule/Today</ref>

== Former programming ==
=== Live action/mixed ===
* ''[[Action League Now!]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/summertime.htm|title=Summertime - Are kids tooned in?|date=13 May 2002|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref>
* ''[[The Amanda Show]]''<ref name="auto8">{{Cite news|url=https://indiantelevision.com/mam/marketing/mam/spotlight-on-indian-kids-with-nick-dekho-prize-jeeto-031004|title=Spotlight on Indian kids with 'Nick Dekho Prize Jeeto'|date=2003-10-04|work=Indian Television|access-date=2025-12-13}}</ref>
* ''[[Artzooka!]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/artzooka.php|title=Artzooka on Nick|access-date=27 November 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726132650/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/artzooka.php|archive-date=26 July 2010}}</ref>
* ''[[Clarissa Explains It All]]''
* ''[[Drake & Josh]]''
* ''Dum Duma Dum''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/nick-brings-family-game-show-based-on-international-hit-double-dare-14389.html|title=Nick brings family game show based on international hit Double Dare - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref>
* ''[[Figure It Out]]''<ref name="auto8"/>
* ''[[Genie in the House]]''<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/hires.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201075551/http://www.nickindia.com/hires.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 February 2008|title=Welcome to Nick India.|date=1 February 2008}}</ref>
* ''Gilli Gilli Gappa''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/mar/mar175.htm|title=Nick launches "Gilli Gilli Gappa" on Holi|date=14 March 2006|access-date=18 November 2017}}</ref>
* ''Globo Loco''
* ''[[J Bole Toh Jadoo]]''<ref name="auto3"/>
* ''[[Jai Shri Krishna (TV series)|Jai Shri Krishna]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/story/23109_Colors-to-share-Jai-Shri-Krishna-with-Nick-but-with-a-different-touch|title=Colors to share Jai Shri Krishna with Nick, but with a different touch|date=16 January 2009|access-date=27 November 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[The Journey of Allen Strange]]''
* ''[[Junior G]]''
* ''[[Kenan & Kel]]''
* ''[[LazyTown]]''
* ''[[Legends of the Hidden Temple]]''
* ''[[Mr. Meaty]]''{{fact|date=December 2025}}
* ''[[NG Knight Ramune & 40]]''
*''Nick Kathakali''<ref name="auto10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000312/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Nickelodeon Guts]]''
* ''[[Pankun|The Munnabhai Show]]''<ref name="auto6"/>
* ''[[Power Rangers]]''
**''[[Power Rangers Super Ninja Steel]]''
**''[[Power Rangers Ninja Steel]] ''
** ''[[Power Rangers Dino Super Charge]]''
** ''[[Power Rangers Dino Charge]]''
** ''[[Power Rangers Super Samurai]]''
** ''[[Power Rangers Samurai]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/sonic-and-nickelodeon-premieres-power-rangers-samurai-in-india-989.html|title=Sonic and Nickelodeon Premieres POWER RANGERS SAMURAI in India|first=Adgully|last=Bureau|website=www.adgully.com|date=15 April 2012 }}</ref>
** ''[[Power Rangers Megaforce]]''
** ''[[Power Rangers Beast Morphers]]''
* ''[[Sam & Cat]]''{{fact|date=December 2025}}
* ''Say Please!''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/factual-documentary/nickelodeon-premieres-first-indian-show-021216|title=Nickelodeon premieres first Indian show|date=2002-12-16|work=Indian Televison Dot Com|access-date=2025-12-13}}</ref>
* ''[[Spellz]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/spellz.php|title=NickIndia.com : Shows - Spellz|access-date=2025-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503182929/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/spellz.php|archive-date=2010-05-03|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Tricky TV]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/52/tricky-tv.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902134322/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/52/tricky-tv.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2011|title=NickIndia.com : shows|date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
* ''[[Unfabulous]]''{{fact|date=December 2025}}
* ''[[Uncle Max]]''<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/apr/apr381.php|title=Indiantelevision.com's Kidology: Nick's summer strategy gets 'Fundoo'; unveils refreshed India specific website|last=Wanvari|first=Anil|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>

=== Animated series ===
* ''[[Aaahh!!! Real Monsters]]''
* ''[[The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius]]''<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109173439/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2013|title=Nick India Shows|date=9 November 2013}}</ref>
* ''[[The Angry Beavers]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/international-news/nickelodeons-childrens-day-contest-3336.html|title=Nickelodeon's Children's Day contest - Exchange4media|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref>
* ''[[As Told by Ginger]]''
* ''[[Atashin'chi]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/atashinchi.php|title=Atashin'chi on Nick|access-date=27 November 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411061747/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/atashinchi.php|archive-date=11 April 2010}}</ref>
* ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]''<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/nickelodeon-gets-cooler-this-march-258.html|title=Nickelodeon gets cooler this March!|first=Adgully|last=Bureau|website=www.adgully.com|date=9 March 2011 }}</ref>
* ''[[Back at the Barnyard]]''<ref name="auto5"/>
* ''[[Backkom]]''<ref name="auto6"/>
* ''[[Batfink]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/june/june248.php|title=Nick India adds 'Batfink' to weekly primetime line up|date=2007-06-19|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''[[Bigfoot Presents: Meteor and the Mighty Monster Trucks]]''<ref name="auto7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/jan/jan346.htm|title=Nick ramps up Feb-schedule with two new shows & SpongeBob 'Pakda Pakdi' contest|date=2007-01-31|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''[[Blue's Clues]]''<ref name="auto6"/>
* ''[[CatDog]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/catdog.php|title=CatDog on Nick|access-date=2026-03-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402010224/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/catdog.php|archive-date=2010-04-02}}</ref>
* ''[[ChalkZone]]''<ref name="auto6"/>
* ''[[Chibi Maruko-chan]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/chibi.php|title=Chibi Maruko-chan on Nick|access-date=27 November 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412130844/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/chibi.php|archive-date=12 April 2010}}</ref>
* ''Chicken Stew''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/nickelodeon-premiers-new-show-chicken-stew/|title=Nickelodeon Premiers New Show Chicken Stew|date=5 December 2013|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[The Daltons (2010 TV series)|The Daltons]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k12/sep/sep17.php|title=Nick takes broadcasting rights of "The Daltons"|date=3 September 2012|access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[Danger Mouse (2015 TV series)|Danger Mouse]]''
* ''[[Danny Phantom]]''<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k3/mar/mar121.htm|title=Nick lines up seven new shows for 2003-04|date=2003-03-24|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''[[Dennis the Menace (1986 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k12/june/jun75.php|title=Nick to air classic Dennis the menace|date=8 June 2012|access-date=5 November 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[Dinosaur King]]''{{fact|date=March 2023}}
* ''[[Dora the Explorer (TV series)|Dora the Explorer]]''<ref name="auto4"/>
* ''Dougie in Disguise''<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/mar/mar390.htm|title=Kids' channels line up hot fanfare as summer beckons|date=2006-03-25|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''[[Dreamkix]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/dreamkix.php|title=Dreamix on Nick|access-date=27 November 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718093740/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/dreamkix.php|archive-date=18 July 2010}}</ref>
* ''[[Engie Benjy]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/apr/apr176.php|title=Dora to Explore India on Nick's summer trip|date=2007-04-13|work=Indian Televison Dot Com|access-date=2026-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006164744/http://indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k7/apr/apr176.php|archive-date=2008-10-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]''<ref name="auto8"/>
* ''[[Fetch the Vet]]''<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/sep/sep211.htm|title=Nick scores hat trick with new shows on board|date=2006-09-21|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''Gattu Battu''
* ''[[Go, Diego, Go!]]''<ref name="auto6"/>
* ''[[The Harveytoons Show]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/40/harvey-toons.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902134212/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/40/harvey-toons.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2011|title=NickIndia.com : shows|date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
* ''[[Hey Arnold!]]''<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/feb/feb118.htm|title=Nick to feature a two hour Valentine marathon|date=12 February 2005|website=Indian Television Dot Com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315235710/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/feb/feb118.htm|archive-date=2022-03-15}}</ref>
* ''[[Hubert & Takako]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://caribara-montreal.com/project/hubert-takako/|title=Hubert & Takako|website=Caribara Montreal|access-date=2025-12-18}}</ref>
* ''[[Idaten Jump]]''{{fact|date=March 2023}}
* ''[[Invader Zim]]''<ref name="auto8"/>
* ''[[Jankenman]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/jankenman.php|title=Jankeman on Nick|access-date=27 November 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407060940/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/jankenman.php|archive-date=7 April 2010}}</ref>
* ''[[Journey to the West: Legends of the Monkey King]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k8/july/july40.php|title=Indiantelevision.com's Kidology: Nick to air The legend of the Monkey King on 6 July|website=www.indiantelevision.com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''[[Kaeloo]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902023939/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2011|title=NickIndia.com : shows|date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
* ''Kanha – Morpankh Samrat'' (aired only for two days)
* ''[[Keymon Ache]]''
* ''Kiri the Clown''<ref name="auto3"/>
* ''[[Little Krishna]]''<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-variety/animation-series-little-krishna-debut-on-may-11/article1051136.ece|title=Animation series 'Little Krishna' debut on May 11|date=7 May 2009|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref>
* ''[[Le Petit Spirou#Media adaptations|Little Spirou]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/76/little-spirou.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117170614/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/76/little-spirou.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2013|title=NickIndia.com : shows|date=17 January 2013}}</ref>
* ''[[The Loud House]]''
* ''[[Mighty Cat Masked Niyander]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nickindia.com/shows/niyandar.php|title=Mighty Cat on Nick|access-date=27 November 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129070914/http://nickindia.com/shows/niyandar.php|archive-date=29 January 2009}}</ref>
* ''[[Ninja Hattori]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/broadcasting/tv-channels/kids/nick-to-air-new-espisodes-of-ninja-hattori|title=Nick to air new espisodes of Ninja Hattori|date=15 May 2012|website=Indian Television Dot Com}}</ref>
* ''[[Oggy and the Cockroaches]]''
* ''[[Pakdam Pakdai]]''
* ''[[The Penguins of Madagascar]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nickindia.com/shows/13/penguins-of-madagascar.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902134404/http://www.nickindia.com/shows/13/penguins-of-madagascar.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2011|title=NickIndia.com : shows|date=2 September 2011}}</ref>
* ''[[Perman]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nickindia.com/shows/perman.php|title=Perman on Nick|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129093950/http://nickindia.com/shows/perman.php|archive-date=2009-01-29}}</ref>
* ''[[Roary the Racing Car]]''
* ''[[Rocket Monkeys]]''<ref name="auto5"/>
* ''[[Rocket Power]]''<ref name="auto8"/>
* ''[[Rocko's Modern Life]]''
* ''[[Rudra: Boom Chik Chik Boom|Rudra]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv/nickelodeon-launches-fifth-local-ip-rudra-targets-500-hrs-of-content-by-fy19_90374.html|title=Nickelodeon launches fifth local IP Rudra; targets 500 hrs of content by FY19|work=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|access-date=2018-06-10|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''[[Rugrats]]''<ref name="auto8"/>
* ''[[Shaktimaan: The Animated Series]]''
*''Shiva''
* ''[[Skyland]]''<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/mar/mar116.htm|title=Nickelodeon lines-up new shows for 2005-06 season|date=2005-03-11|work=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref>
* ''[[Speed Racer X]]''<ref name="auto8"/>
* ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''
* ''[[Tak and the Power of Juju (TV series)|Tak and the Power of Juju]]''
* ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''
* ''Tony & Alberto''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k12/july/july122.php|title=Nick introduces new show|date=14 July 2012|access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref>
* ''[[Trollz (TV series)|Trollz]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/news-broadcasting/nick-strengthens-nicktoons-block-launches-trollz-060302|title=Nick strengthens NickToons block; launches 'Trollz'|date=2006-03-02|work=Indian Televison Dot Com|access-date=2025-12-13}}</ref>
* ''Tumoya Island''<ref name="auto7"/>
* ''[[Turbo Dogs]]''
* ''[[The Twisted Timeline of Sammy & Raj]]''
* ''[[The Wild Thornberrys]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indiantelevision.com/television/nick-showcases-four-hours-of-sibling-special-on-raksha-bandhan/|title=Nick showcases four hours of sibling special on Raksha Bandhan|date=2005-08-11|work=Indian Televison Dot Com|access-date=2026-03-16}}</ref>
* ''[[Winx Club]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tv.burrp.com/channel/nickelodeon/79/ |title=Schedule for Nickelodeon |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=Burrp TV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906221751/http://tv.burrp.com/channel/nickelodeon/79/ |archive-date=2015-09-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Nickelodeon (Pakistani TV channel)|Nickelodeon (Pakistan)]]
* [[Nickelodeon (Pakistani TV channel)|List of programs broadcast by Nickelodeon (Pakistan)]]
* [[Nickelodeon Sonic|Sonic]]
* [[List of Indian animated television series]]
* [[List of programmes broadcast by Cartoon Network (India)]]
* [[List of programmes broadcast by Disney Channel (Indian TV channel)|List of programmes broadcast by Disney Channel (India)]]
* [[List of programs broadcast by Hungama TV|List of programmes broadcast by Hungama TV]]
* [[List of programmes broadcast by Discovery Kids (India)]]
* [[Super Hungama|Marvel HQ (India)]]
* [[Sony YAY!|Sony Yay]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nickelodeon India}}
{{Nickelodeon}}
{{Lists of TV programs by country}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Programmes broadcast by Nickelodeon (India)}}
[[Category:Nickelodeon-related lists|India]]
[[Category:Lists of television series by network|Nickelodeon (India)]]
[[Category:Indian television-related lists|Nickelodeon (India)]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian television series]]

Masrur Temples

2026-03-16T11:02:09Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Short description|8th-century rock cut stone temple and ruins in Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Good article}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Masrur Temples
| image = Masrur rockcut temple.jpg
| alt = Rock cut Hindu temples of Masrur
| caption = Rock-cut Hindu temples of Masrur
| map_type = India #India Himachal Pradesh
| relief = yes
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32|04|21.2|N|76|08|13.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kangra district]]
| location = Othra, [[Beas River]] Valley
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Devi]], others
| festivals =
| architecture_style = [[Hindu temple architecture|Nagara]]
| year_completed = 8th-century<ref name=meister2006>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (Mar., 2006), University of California Press, pp. 26- 49</ref>
| creator =
| website =
}}

The '''Masrur Temples''', also referred to as '''Masroor Temples''' or '''Rock-cut Temples at Masrur''', is an early 8th-century complex of [[Rock-cut architecture|rock-cut]] [[Hindu temple]]s in the [[Kangra Valley]] of [[Beas River]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], India.<ref name="Thakur1996p39"/> The temples face northeast, towards the Dhauladhar range of the [[Himalayas]].<ref name=meister2006/> They are a version of North Indian [[Hindu temple architecture|Nagara architecture]] style, dedicated to [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Devi]] and Saura traditions of [[Hinduism]], with its surviving iconography likely inspired by a [[henotheism|henotheistic]] framework.

Though a major temple complex in the surviving form, the archaeological studies suggest that the artists and architects had a far more ambitious plan and the complex remains incomplete. Much of the Masrur's temple's sculpture and reliefs have been lost. They were also quite damaged, most likely from earthquakes.<ref name=meister2006/>

The temples were carved out of monolithic rock with a [[shikhara]], and provided with a sacred pool of water as recommended by [[Hindu text]]s on temple architecture.<ref name=meister2006/> The temple has three entrances on its northeast, southeast and northwest side, two of which are incomplete. Evidence suggests that a fourth entrance was planned and started but left mostly incomplete, something acknowledged by the early 20th-century colonial era archaeology teams but ignored leading to misidentification and erroneous reports.<ref name=meister2006/> The entire complex is symmetrically laid out on a square grid, where the main temple is surrounded by smaller temples in a mandala pattern. The main sanctum of the temples complex has a square plan, as do other shrines and the mandapa. The temples complex features reliefs of major [[Vedas|Vedic]] and [[Puranas|Puranic]] [[Hindu deities|gods and goddesses]], and its friezes narrate legends from the Hindu texts.<ref name=meister2006/><ref name="Thakur1996p39">{{cite book|author=Laxman S. Thakur|title=The Architectural Heritage of Himachal Pradesh: Origin and Development of Temple Styles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zb8YAAAAYAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0712-7|pages=27, 39–43}}</ref>

The temple complex was first reported by Henry Shuttleworth in 1913 bringing it to the attention of archaeologists.<ref name="Anand1997p16">{{harvnb|Mulk Raj Anand|1997|pp=16–17, 22}}</ref> They were independently surveyed by [[Harold Hargreaves]] of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1915. According to [[Michael W. Meister|Michael Meister]], an art historian and a professor specializing in Indian temple architecture, the Masrur temples are a surviving example of a temple mountain-style Hindu architecture which embodies the earth and mountains around it.<ref name=meister2006/>

==Location==
The Masrur Temples are about {{Convert|45|km}} southwest of the [[Dharamshala]]-McLeod Ganj and {{Convert|35|km}} west from the [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] town in the mountainous state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in north India. The temple is built in the Beas River valley, in the foothills of the Himalayas, facing the snowy peaks of the [[Dhauladhar]] range. The temples are about {{convert|225|km}} northwest from [[Shimla]], about {{convert|150|km}} north of [[Jalandhar]] and about {{convert|85|km}} east of [[Pathankot]]. The nearest railway station is [[Nagarota Surian|Nagrota Surian]], and the nearest airport is Dharamshala([[IATA]]: DHM). The closest major airports with daily services are [[Amritsar]] and [[Jammu]].<ref name=meister2006/><ref name="Thakur1996p39"/>

[[File:Masrur Rock Cut Temple 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The temple is located in the Himalayan foothills. Above: the damaged structure with sacred pool in the front.]]
The rock-cut temple is located in the valley, on the top of a naturally rocky hill, which Hargreaves in 1915 described as, "standing some 2,500 feet above sea level, and commanding, as they [Hindu temples] do, a magnificent view over a beautiful, well-watered and fertile tract, their situation, though remote, is singularly pleasing".<ref name=hargreaves39/>

==Date==
The Hindu temples in Masrur show similarities to the [[Elephanta Caves]] near [[Mumbai]] (1,900 km away), [[Angkor Wat]] in [[Cambodia]] (4,000 km away), and the rock-cut temples of [[Mahabalipuram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] (2,700 km away). The features also suggest the influence of "Gupta classicism", and therefore he places their construction in the 8th century.<ref name=Khan>{{harvnb|Khan|2014}}</ref> The area around the temple complex has caves and ruins which, suggests that the Masrur region once had a large human settlement.{{sfn|Khan|2014|p=31}}

According to Meister, the temples are from the first half of the 8th century based on the regional political and art history.<ref name=meister27/> The temples follow one version of the Nagara architecture, a style that developed in Central India, particularly during the rule of the Hindu king Yasovarman, an art patron.{{refn|group=note|Several scholars attribute major Hindu temples including iconic ones such as the [[Teli ka Mandir]] in [[Gwalior]] to Yasovarman era.<ref name="Thakur1996p47">{{cite book|author=Laxman S. Thakur|title=The Architectural Heritage of Himachal Pradesh: Origin and Development of Temple Styles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zb8YAAAAYAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0712-7|pages=47–56}}</ref>}} In Kashmir, a region immediately north and northwest of the site, Hindus built temples with square pyramidal towers by the mid 1st millennium CE, such as the numerous stone temples built by Hindu king Lalitaditya, another art patron.<ref name=meister27/> These kingdoms traditionally collaborated as well as competed in their construction projects rivalry, while the guilds of artists moved between the two regions, through the valleys of ancient Himachal Pradesh. The region is in the Himalayan terrain and forested, making conquests difficult and expensive. Historical records from the 6th to 12th centuries do not mention any military rivalries in the Beas river Kangra valley region.<ref name=meister27/> There is a mention of a Himalayan kingdom of Bharmour just north of Masrur area in early medieval era texts. The 12th-century text ''Rajatarangini'' as well as the 12th-century Kashmir chronicle by Kalhana, both mention political rivalries in the 9th century but these 11th and 12th century authors were too far removed in time from 8th century events, and they weave in so much ancient mythology that their semi-fictional texts are largely ahistorical and unreliable.<ref name=meister27/><ref name="Thakur1996p47"/>

The inscriptions and architecture suggest that Yasovarman's influence had reached the Himalayan foothills in north India, and the central Indian influence is illustrated in the architectural style adopted for Masrur temples rather than the styles found in ruined and excavated temples of the northwestern Indian subcontinent.<ref name=meister27>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 27-30</ref> According to Meister, the influence of middle India must have reached the north Indian region earlier than the 8th century and this style was admired by the royal class and the elites, because this style of temple building is now traceable in many more historic sites such as those in Bajaura and many places in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Nepal where many of the holy rivers of Hindus emerge. Some of the smaller stone temples that have survived from this region in steep mountain terrain are from the 7th century. Further, these large temple complexes in the second half of the 1st millennium were expensive projects and required substantial patronage, which suggests that the earlier examples must have preceded them for wide social and theological acceptance.<ref name=meister27/>

==History==
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 180
| footer = Masrur temple plan and section (1915 sketch)
| image1 = 8th century Masrur temple ground plan.jpg
| caption1 = Ground plan
| image2 = 8th century Masrur temple roof plan.jpg
| caption2 = Roof plan
| image3 = 8th century Masrur temple section.jpg
| caption3 = Section
}}
The period between 12th and 19th century was largely of religious wars and geo-political instability across the Indian subcontinent, and the literature of this era do not mention Masrur temples or present any scholarly studies on any Hindu, Jain or Buddhist temples for that matter, rather they mention [[iconoclasm]] and temple destruction. After the 12th century, first northwestern Indian subcontinent, then India, in general, witnessed a series of plunder raids and attacks of Turko-Afghan sultans led Muslim armies seeking wealth, geopolitical power and the spread of Islam.<ref name="Metcalf2009p2">{{cite book|author=Barbara D. Metcalf|title=Islam in South Asia in Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR0LzVCpfw8C|year=2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-3138-8|pages=2–9, 20–31}}</ref><ref name="Wink2002p1">{{cite book|author=André Wink|title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC|year=2002|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=0-391-04173-8|pages=1–11, 249–252}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Muslim historians mention the looting and destruction of temples.<ref>{{cite book|author= André Wink|title= Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C|year=2004 |publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-13561-8|pages=124–129}}</ref> Some texts also mention periods of tolerance and temple repairs such as those during the rule of [[Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=George Michell|author2=Rana P. B. Singh|author3=Clare Arni|title=Banaras, the city revealed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4tuAAAAMAAJ |year=2005|publisher=Marg|page=25|isbn=9788185026725}}</ref>}} Successive Muslim dynasties controlled the [[Delhi Sultanate]] as waves of wars, rebellions, secessions, and brutal counter-conquests gripped Indian regions including those in and around Kashmir.<ref name="Metcalf2009p2"/><ref name="Wink2002p1"/><ref name="Jackson2003p146">{{cite book|author=Peter Jackson|title=The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-54329-3|pages=146, 168}}</ref> The [[Mughal Empire]] replaced the Delhi Sultanate in early 16th-century. The Mughal dynasty ruled much of the Indian subcontinent through early 18th-century, and parts of it nominally through the 19th century. The Kangra valley region with Masrur in the Himalayas was ruled by smaller [[jagir]]dars and feudatory Hill Rajas who paid tribute to the Mughal administration for many centuries.<ref name="Verma1995p32">{{cite book|author=V. Verma|title=The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpWloqN5LTAC&pg=PA32 |year=1995|publisher=Indus |isbn=978-81-7387-035-4|pages=32–35}}</ref> The arrival of the colonial era marked another seismic shift in the region's politics. By the late 19th century, British India officials had begun archeological surveys, documented sites and charted out site plans. The first known visits to study the Masrur temples occurred in 1887.<ref name=meister30>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 30-32</ref>

A British empire officer Henry Shuttleworth visited and photographed the temples in 1913, calling it a "Vaishnava temple" and claiming in his report that he was the first European to visit them.<ref name=meister30/> He wrote a paper on the temples, which was published by the journal ''The Indian Antiquary''.<ref name=shuttleworth23>[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.443055/2015.443055.THE-INDIAN#page/n19/mode/2up The Rock-hewn Vaishnava Temple at Masrur], The Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Volume XLIV, January 1911, pages 19-23</ref> He shared his findings with Harold Hargreaves, then an officer of the Northern Circle of the Archaeology Survey of India. Hargreaves knew more about Hindu theology, noticed the Shiva linga in the sanctum and he corrected Shuttleworth's report.<ref name=meister30/> Hargreaves wrote up his tour and published his photographs and observations in 1915 as a part of the ASI Annual Report Volume 20.<ref name=hargreaves39>Harold Hargreaves, [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.35540/2015.35540.Annual-Report-Of-The-Archaeological-Survey-Of-India-1915-16#page/n99/mode/2up The Monolithic Temples of Masrur], ASI Annual Report Vol 20, pages 39-49</ref> Hargreaves acknowledged the discovery that a draftsman in his office had already toured, measured and created temples plans and sections in 1887, and that some other ASI workers and Europeans had visited the temple in 1875 and after 1887.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=meister30/> The Hargreaves report described the site as many temples, listed iconography at these temples from different Hindu traditions, mentioned his speculations on links with Mahabalipuram monuments and Gandhara art, and other theories. The Hargreaves text became the introduction to Masrur temples for guides by reporters with little to no background knowledge of Indian temple traditions or Hindu theology.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=meister30/> According to Meister, these early 20th century writings became a source of the temple's misidentification and misrepresentations that followed.<ref name=meister30/>

===Earthquake damage===
[[File:Masroor-Kangra-Himachal-R16 02699.jpg|thumb|right|Damaged right-hand section, with reflection in the sacred pool.]]

The site was already damaged but still in decent condition in the late 19th century. Hargreaves wrote that, "the remote situation and general inaccessibility of the temples have been at once the cause of their neglect and of their fortunate escape from the destroying hands of the various Muhammadan invaders of the valley".<ref name=hargreaves39/> In the [[1905 Kangra earthquake]], the Himachal valley region was devastated. Numerous ancient monuments were destroyed. However, although parts of the Masrur temple cracked and tumbled, the temple remained standing, because of its monolithic nature built out of stone in-situ.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=meister30/>

The damage from wars and 1905 earthquake of the region has made comparative studies difficult. However, the careful measurements and drawings made by the unknown draftsperson in 1887, particularly of the roof level and mandapa which were destroyed in 1905, have been a significant source for late 20th-century scholarship.<ref name=meister30/> It supports Shuttleworth's early comments that the temple complex has a "perfect symmetry of design".<ref name=meister30/>

==Description==
{{Quote box
|quote = '''Masrur temple: symmetry of design'''
<poem>
At first, it seems an extravagant and confused mass of spires,
doorways and ornament. The perfect symmetry of the design,
all centering in the one supreme spire, immediately over the
small main cell, which together form the ''[[vimana]]'',
can only be realized after a careful examination of each part
in relation to the other.
</poem>
|source = —''Henry Shuttleworth'', 1913<ref name=meister30/>
|bgcolor=#FFE0BB
|align = right
}}
The main monument at the Masrur temples site appears, at first sight, to be a complex of shrines, but it is an integrated monument.<ref name=meister30/> Its center has a principal shrine which unlike most Hindu temples does not face east, but faces Northeast towards the snowy Himalayan peaks of Dhauladhar range. The main spire is flanked by subsidiary spires of smaller size, all eight symmetrically placed to form an octagon (or two rotated squares). These spires of the temple seem to grow out of the natural rock that makes the mountain. Above the main sanctum, the rock was cut to form the flat roof and the second level of the temple naturally fused with the rising main spire (''shikhara'') as well as the eight subsidiary shrines.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=meister30/>

[[File:8th century rock cut Masrur Hindu temple, Himachal Pradesh India, 1913 sketch annotated.jpg|thumb|left|Some structures and the plan at Masrur temple (1913 sketch, incomplete).<ref name=shuttleworth23/>]]
The main sanctum has four entrances, of which one on the east side is complete, two on the north and south side are partially complete and the fourth can be seen but is largely incomplete.{{refn|group=note|For a photo of the incomplete north entrance, for example, see Figure 13 in Meister's 2006 publication.<ref>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, p. 35 Figure 13</ref>}}{{refn|group=note|The temple did not have a door, was always open as is typical in ancient and medieval Hindu temples. It had a raised mandapa and walled portico before. However, after the quake, both were gone. The temple management added a thick wooden door to prevent wild animals and cattle, looking for new shelter to settle in, from entering the sanctum.}} The eastern entrance had a large mandapa and a portico, but this was destroyed in the 1905 earthquake, its existence known from site visit notes prior to the earthquake. Attached to this mandapa were two stairs to take the pilgrims to the upper-level views. The stairs were set inside smaller two rotating stair spires, but much of the structure of this too is gone. Thus, at one time the main temple had 13 spires according to Hargreaves count, and 15 according to Shuttleworth's count, all designed to appear growing naturally out of the rock.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=meister30/>

According to Meister, the early descriptions though well-intentioned were based on information then available and clouded by the presumptions of those authors. These presumptions and generally damaged condition of the complex, for example, led Shuttleworth and Hargreaves to describe the temple in terms such as "subsidiary" and "shrines" instead of witnessing the integrated plan and architecture in early Hindu texts on temple design.<ref name=meister32>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 32-41</ref>

===Material of construction===
The temple complex was carved out of the natural [[sandstone]] rock. In some places, the rock is naturally very hard, which would have been difficult to carve, but is also the reason why the intricate carvings on it have preserved for over 1,000 years. In other places the stone was soft or of medium quality. In some cases, the artists carved with a bit softer stone and this has eroded over time from natural causes. In other cases, the stone's hardness was so low that the artists cut out the stone and substituted it with better stone blocks. Then they added their friezes or sculptures. The substituted blocks have better resisted the effect of nature and time.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=meister30/>

===Pool and mandapa===
The temple complex has a sacred pool in front on the east side. The construction of the sacred pool is dated to the early 8th century. Its rectangular dimensions are about {{Convert|25|x|50|m}}, or two stacked squares. The temple had an outside square mandapa with about {{convert|27|ft}} side and {{convert|20|ft}} height. It had a solid {{Convert|1.5|ft}} thick roof supported by four carved massive pillars. The platform had a covered drainage system to allow water anywhere on the mandapa to naturally drain off. This was visible before the 1905 quake, now only remnants of the floor and a pillar remain.<ref name=meister2006/><ref name=hargreaves39/>

{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Broken is Beautiful (MASROOR) rOCK CUT TEMPLE.jpg
| width1 = 175
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Masroor rock-cut temple and adjoining water tank.JPG
| width2 = 175
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Two views of the temple pool.
}}
The entrances lead the pilgrim and visitor towards the main sanctum, through a series of mandapas with wall carvings and then an ''antarala'' (vestibule). They also connect the created space to a pair of covered stairs, on the north and south side, to the upper floor from where he or she can complete a ''pradakshina'' (circumambulation) to view more sculptures and the mountain scenery, all of this space and structure created from the pre-existing monolithic rock.<ref name=meister2006/><ref name=hargreaves39/>

===Sanctum and ceiling===
The garbhagriha, in a square plan with each side of {{Convert|13|ft}}.{{Sfn|Singh|2009|p=39}} The main sanctum has a four faced Shiva.<ref name=meister32/>{{sfn|Sinha|1998|pp=19-21}}

The ceiling of various mandapa and the sanctum inside the temple are fully carved, predominantly with open lotus.<ref name=meister32/> However, the inside walls remained incomplete. This may be because the artists carving into the rock worked on cutting and finishing the ceiling first, then moved on to cutting, finishing and decorating the inside walls and creating pillars below those ceilings. The wall height is {{convert|16|feet}}, and only the eastern entrance and passage into the sanctum is fully complete, while the side entrances are not and the fourth western entrance being the least complete.<ref name=meister32/> The site suggests that the work was completed in parallel by teams of workers. This is a common style of construction found in numerous Hindu temples that have survived, at least in the ruins form, from the 1st millennium. The 8th-century three-entry, four-faced Shiva found at the Masrur temple is not unique as the same plan is found in the [[Jogeshwari Caves|Jogesvari Cave]] temple near [[Mumbai]]. The Jogesvari is dated to have been completed between 400 and 450 CE, or several centuries before the Masrur temple's construction, suggesting a common thematic foundation that inspired these temples pre-existed in the Hindu texts.<ref name=meister32/>{{refn|group=note|The Jogesvari Hindu cave temple is generally dated to either the 5th century or the 6th. For example, [[Walter Spink]] in his 1978 paper proposed Jogesvari to be the link between Ajanta Caves and Elephanta Caves, and dated its completion in the decades immediately after the Ajanta Caves, or 500-525 CE.<ref>[[Walter Spink]] (1978), Jogesvari: A Brief Analysis, ''Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art'', Moti Chandra Commemoration Issue, pages 1-34</ref>}}

The art historian [[Stella Kramrisch]] identified one of these Hindu architecture texts to be the ''Visnudharmottara'', dated to have existed by the 8th century ([[floruit]]), and whose manuscripts have been found with Hindus of the Kashmir valley. This is one of such texts that describe "hundred-and-one [Hindu] temple" designs.<ref name="Kramrisch1946p411">{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple, Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-aS52MgIkMC |year=1976|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass |isbn= 978-81-208-0224-7|pages= 411–426| chapter= The Hundred-and-one Temples of the Visnudharmottara}}</ref> According to Meister, the sanctum and spire plan for the Masrur temple fits one of these, where it is called the ''Kailasa'' design.<ref name=meister36>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 36-39</ref>

The ''Kailasa'' style of Hindu temple is one with a central Shikhara (spire) symmetrically surrounded by four smaller spires set between the four entrances into the temple from the four cardinal directions, a format that matches the Masrur temple plan. Further, the ''Visnudharmottara'' text also describes the principles and procedures for image making and painting, the former is also found preserved in the Masrur temple mandapa and sanctum.<ref name=meister36/> Further, the Jogesvari and Masrur are not the only surviving temples that correspond to this style, others have been discovered that do, such as the Bajaura Hindu temple in Kulu valley of Himachal Pradesh which is another stone temple.<ref name=meister36/>{{refn|group=note|The Bajaura temples is also called as the Bishweshwar Temple, dated to be from the last centuries of the 1st millennium, more specifically to late 9th century by George Michell.<ref name="CastroTempleman2015p244">{{cite book|author1=Angelo Andrea Di Castro|author2=David Templeman|title=Asian Horizons: Giuseppe Tucci's Buddhist, Indian, Himalayan and Central Asian Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGGfCgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Monash University Press|isbn=978-1-922235-33-6|pages=243–245 with footnotes}}</ref> Other correspondences are found in preserved temple structure that are not rock-cut, but structural ones such as the Chatrari temple, which can be more firmly dated to the 8th-century based on inscriptions found at the site.<ref name=meister36/>}}

The multi-spire style, states Meister, is possibly inspired by the Indian Meru mythology shared by Buddhists, Hindus and Jains. Lush mountainous Meru is heaven and the abode of gods, but mountains are not singular but exist in ranges. The highest Mount Kailasha is the abode of Shiva, and the secondary spires symbolize the mountain range. Eight heavenly continents surround the Mount Kailasha in this mythology, where all the ''Deva'' (gods) and ''Devi'' (goddesses) live together. The Masrur temple symbolically projects this mythical landscape, narrating the Indian cosmology from stone, into stone.<ref>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 42-43</ref>

===Spire design===
All spires in the Masrur temple are of ''Nagara'' style, an architecture that was developed and refined in central India in the centuries before the 8th century.<ref>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 28, 37-38</ref> More specifically, these are what Indian texts called the ''[[Latina (architecture)|latina]]'' sub-style, from ''lata''. These are curvilinear spires composed of a rhythmic series of superimposed shrinking horizontal square slabs with offsets, each offset called ''lata'' or grape vine-like, in principle reflecting natural growth on a mountain in stone.<ref name="Tillotson2014p110">{{cite book|author=G. H. R. Tillotson|title=Paradigms of Indian Architecture: Space and Time in Representation and Design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzVpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 |year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-79981-5|pages=110–114}}</ref><ref name="Hardy1995p19">{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C |year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-312-0|pages=19, 270–284}}</ref>

[[File:Carvings on rock at Masroor rock-cut temple.JPG|thumb|upright=0.85|One of the spires with lintel carvings.]]
The superstructure towers embed styles that are found in Indian temples from the 7th and 8th-century such as in the Mahua Hindu temple and the [[Alampur Navabrahma Temples]], but these are no longer found in temples that can be firmly dated after the 8th century. This supports dating the Masrur temple to about the mid-8th century.<ref name=meister39>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, pp. 39-40</ref> The spires show differences, but all spires that are symmetrically position in the temple mandala show the same design. The stairway spire is based on four turned squares, and features eight rotating ''lata'' spines that alternate with eight right-angled projections.<ref name=meister39/>

The temple complex also has two free-standing sub-shrines near the sacred pool. These have spires with sixteen ''lata'' spines, a style that is uncommon in India and found associated with Shiva temples associated with Hindu monks of the Matamayura ''[[matha]]'' between the 7th and 12th century CE such as the Bajaura temple in nearby Kulu valley and the [[Chandrehi]] temple in central India.<ref name=meister39/>

===Sculpture and reliefs===
The main sanctum has nine seated deities. The center one is Shiva, and with him are others including [[Vishnu]], [[Indra]], [[Ganesha]], [[Kartikeya]] and [[Durga]]. The shrines around the central shrine feature five Devis in one case, while other shrines reverentially enshrine Vishnu, Lakshmi, Ganesha, Kartikeya, [[Surya]], Indra and [[Saraswati]]. The avatars of Vishnu such as the [[Varaha]] and the [[Narasimha]] are presented in the niches. In the ruins have been found large sculptures of [[Varuna]], [[Agni]] and others Vedic deities. The temple also includes fusion or syncretic ideas revered in Hinduism, such as [[Ardhanarishvara]] (half Parvati, half Shiva), [[Harihara]] (half Vishnu, half Shiva) and a three faced trinity that shows Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva in one sculpture.<ref name=meister49/> The temple also has secular images from the common life of people, of couples in courtship and various levels of intimacy (mithuna), people making music and dancing, apsaras and ornamental scrollwork.{{sfn|Mulk Raj Anand|1997|p=22}}

The surviving structures in the Masrur temple lacks any image of [[Lakulisha]], the founder of Pashupata Shaivism, which makes it unlikely that this temple was associated with that tradition. According to Meister, the wide range of Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakti and Saura (Surya, sun god) themes displayed within the Masrur temple suggest that it was built by those who cherish ecumenism or [[henotheism]], of the style commonly found in Pancharatra literature of Hinduism.<ref name=meister49>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, p. 44, 49 note 113</ref>

{{wide image|8th century iconography at Masrur Hindu temple.jpg|600px|The Masrur rock-cut temple presents a diversity of iconography, likely reflecting ecumenism or henotheism in 8th-century Hinduism. Above: Incomplete iconography locations.<ref>Michael W. Meister (2006), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25068237 Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur], ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 2006), University of California Press, p. 44 Figure 25</ref>|alt=The Masrur rock-cut temple presents a diversity of iconography, likely reflecting ecumenism or henotheism in 8th-century Hinduism.}}

===Pilgrim resthouse===
According to Hargreaves, when he visited the temple for the first time in 1913, the temple complex had a dharmashala (pilgrim's resthouse), a kitchen and there was a priest for whom there was a small integrated living quarters. The temple work was priest's part-time work, while his main source of livelihood was from maintaining cattle and working in farms.<ref name=hargreaves39/>

===Analysis and interpretation===
The Masrur temple and the 8th-century ''Prasat Ak Yum'' temple found in Siam Reap, Cambodia have parallels, in that both are temple mountains with a symmetric design.<ref name=meister39/>

==Legends==
[[File:Broken Idols of Masroor rock cut temple in Himachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|258x258px|Idols of Masroor Rock Cut Temple]]
According to a local legend, the [[Pandavas]] of [[Mahabharata]] fame resided here during their "incognito" exile from their kingdom and built this temple.{{Sfn|Kapoor|2002|p=4713}} According to Khan, the identity and location of Pandavas was exposed, so they shifted from here. This is said to be why the temple complex was left unfinished.<ref name=Khan/> Sometime in the 20th century, someone introduced three small blackstone statues inside the shrine which faces east. These are of Rama, Lakshmana and Sita of the ''[[Ramayana]]'' fame.<ref name=Himachal>{{Cite web|url=http://himachal.gov.in/WriteReadData/l892s/26_l892s/3598055023Tourism.pdf |title= Places of Interest in District Kangra|work=Masroor Temple|access-date= 5 October 2015|publisher=Government of Himachal Pradesh}}</ref>

At least since the time Harold Hargreaves visited the temple in 1913, the central temple has been locally called the ''Thakurdvara''.<ref name=hargreaves39/><ref name=Khan/>

== See also ==
*[[Lakshana Devi Temple, Bharmour]] – a wooden temple in Himachal Pradesh dated to about 700 CE
*[[Martand Sun Temple]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|author=Mulk Raj Anand|title=Splendours of Himachal Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zY2gTcG6yIC |year=1997| publisher= Abhinav Publications|isbn= 978-81-7017-351-9}}
*{{cite book|last= Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia: Mahi-Mewat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mc6C5dVHbGAC&pg=PA4713|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-272-0}}
*{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Nisar|url=https://www.academia.edu/12616519|title=Architecture of the Rock-Cut Temples of Masroor|access-date=5 October 2015|publisher=Heritage Conservators, New Delhi|year=2014|archive-date=4 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104044947/https://www.academia.edu/12616519|url-status=dead}}
* [[Stella Kramrisch]], ''Hindu Temple: Vols 1 and 2'', {{ISBN|978-8120802223}}, Princeton University Press
* [[Michael W. Meister]], ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture'', {{ISBN|978-0195615371}}
* S.L. Nagar, The temples of Himachal Pradesh. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.
*{{cite book| publisher=Indian Art History Congress |last= Sinha |first=Chandreshwar Prasad |title=Proceedings of the 6th Session of Indian Art History Congress, Shillong, November 1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5DWAAAAMAAJ|year=1998}}
*{{cite book|last=Singh|first=N.K. |title=Coronation of Shiva: Rediscovering Masrur Temple|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pR5p2ZLQU8AC&pg=PT54|year=2009|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-1478-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Prasanna Kumar Acharya|title=An encyclopaedia of Hindu architecture|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press (Republished by Motilal Banarsidass)|url= https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediaofh07achauoft#page/n9/mode/2up | isbn=978-81-7536-534-6}}
*{{cite book|author=Prasanna Kumar Acharya|title=A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture: Treating of Sanskrit Architectural Terms with Illustrative Quotations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbayQwAACAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press (Reprinted in 1997 by Motilal Banarsidass)|isbn=978-81-7536-113-3}}
*{{cite book|author1=Vinayak Bharne|author2=Krupali Krusche|title=Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGukBgAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6734-4}}
*{{cite book|author=Alice Boner|title=Principles of Composition in Hindu Sculpture: Cave Temple Period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doQLZ21CGScC|year=1990|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0705-1}}
*{{cite book|author1=Alice Boner|author2=Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā|title=Silpa Prakasa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=itQUAAAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Brill Academic (Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass)|isbn=978-8120820524}}
*{{cite book|author1=A.K. Coomaraswamy|author2=Michael W. Meister|title=Essays in Architectural Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5B1QAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=978-0-19-563805-9}}
*Dehejia, V. (1997). ''Indian Art''. Phaidon: London. {{ISBN|0-7148-3496-3}}.
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aU0hCAS2-08C|year=1995|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-312-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=The Temple Architecture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofUVAQAAIAAJ |year=2007|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0470028278}}
*{{cite book|author=Adam Hardy|title=Theory and Practice of Temple Architecture in Medieval India: Bhoja's Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra and the Bhojpur Line Drawings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oADrgEACAAJ|year=2015|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|isbn=978-93-81406-41-0}}
*Harle, J.C., ''The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent'', 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, {{ISBN|0300062176}}
*{{cite book|author=Monica Juneja|title=Architecture in Medieval India: Forms, Contexts, Histories|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7N7VAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-8178242286}}
*{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNcXrBlI9S0C|year= 1976|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted 1946 Princeton University Press)|isbn=978-81-208-0223-0}}
*{{cite book|author=Stella Kramrisch|title=The Hindu Temple Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-aS52MgIkMC|year= 1979|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted 1946 Princeton University Press)|isbn=978-81-208-0224-7}}
*{{cite book|author1=Michael W. Meister|author2=Madhusudan Dhaky|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian temple architecture|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DRY3AQAAIAAJ|year=1986|publisher=American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn=978-0-8122-7992-4}}
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ajgImLs62gwC|year=1988|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-53230-1}}
*{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Hindu Art and Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/hinduartarchitec00mich|url-access=registration|year=2000|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-20337-8}}
*{{cite book|author=T. A. Gopinatha Rao|title=Elements of Hindu iconography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0878-2}}
*{{cite book|author=Ajay J. Sinha|title=Imagining Architects: Creativity in the Religious Monuments of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WvqLzaSUGi8C |year=2000|publisher=University of Delaware Press|isbn=978-0-87413-684-5}}
*{{cite book|title=South Indian Temples|author=Burton Stein|isbn=978-0706904499|publisher =Vikas|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hq5BngAACAAJ| year=1978}}
*{{cite book|author=Burton Stein|title=The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OpxeaYQbGDMC|year=1989|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-26693-2}}
*{{cite book|author1=Burton Stein|author2=David Arnold|title=A History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-2351-1}}
*{{cite book|author=Kapila Vatsyayan|title=The Square and the Circle of the Indian Arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vwLJc3pBzzUC&pg=PR10|year=1997|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-362-5}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Masroor Temples}}

{{Hindudharma}}
{{Hindu inscriptions and arts|state=autocollapse}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Shaivism]]
[[Category:Monoliths]]
[[Category:8th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Indian architectural history]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]
[[Category:Hindu cave temples in India]]
[[Category:Tourism in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kangra district]]
[[Category:8th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Caves of Himachal Pradesh]]

Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh

2026-03-13T11:24:30Z

Ola22W86488: content fix

{{more citations needed|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pratapgarh district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Maa Chauharjan (Barahi) Devi Temple.JPG
| image_caption = Chauharjan Devi Temple
| image_map = India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Pratapgarh.svg
| map_caption = Location of Pratapgarh district in Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|25.897|81.945|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prayagraj division|Prayagraj]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = Raniganj, Kunda, Lalganj, Patti, Sadar
| area_total_km2 = 3,730
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3,209,141
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 175242
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 73.1 %
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 1. [[Babaganj Assembly constituency|Babaganj]] 2. [[Kunda Assembly constituency|Kunda]] 3. [[Patti, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Patti]] 4. [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Sadar]] 5. [[Rampur Khas Assembly constituency|Rampur Khas]] 6. [[Raniganj, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Raniganj]] 7. [[Vishwanathganj Assembly constituency|Vishwanathganj]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = NH-96, NH-236
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://pratapgarh.nic.in/}}
}}

'''Pratapgarh district''' is one of the [[districts of Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]]. Pratapgarh administrative headquarters is located in [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]] city. The district is part of the [[Prayagraj division]] (formerly known as Allahabad). Pratapgarh covers a total area of 3,730 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Pratapgarh, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} The City of Aonla {{!}} India|url=https://pratapgarh.nic.in/|access-date=8 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Wildlife ==
The district has [[South Asian river dolphin|Ganga Dolphin]]s in its river.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gangetic Dolphin Beaten To Death In UP, 3 Arrested As Video Goes Viral |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gangetic-dolphin-beaten-to-death-in-up-3-arrested-as-video-goes-viral-2349586 |access-date=8 January 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=8 January 2021}}</ref>

==History==
The city Pratapgarh is named by Somvanshi Dynasty ruler Raja Pratap Bahadur Singh, a Rajput ruler who built a castle named ''Pratapgarh Mahal''. After time around the areas of the castle was also known by, Pratapgarh; In 1928, the arrival of [[Simon Commission]] in India led to widespread agitations against the British government. Many of the talukdars took the lead in the movement and openly displayed their opposition against the [[British Raj|Imperial Government]]. On 10 July the Congress politician [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and Mohanlal Saxena, visited the Pratapgarh district to address a public meeting at Hadi Hall (in [[Bela Pratapgarh]]), they were welcomed by [[Brajesh Singh]]. The district was also visited by Mahatma Gandhi on 14 November 1929, who addressed a crowd of 5000 and was awarded a purse of Rs 5,570 by then-Raja Awadhesh Singh of [[Kalakankar]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Pratapgarh|last=Dangli Prasad |first=Varun|date=1980|publisher=Lucknow, Department of District Gazetteers|url= https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3143/page/n56/mode/1up|access-date=28 August 2021|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Pratapgarh one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund|Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme]] (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=9,08,105|13=1911|14=8,95,279|15=1921|16=8,50,752|17=1931|18=9,01,618|19=1941|20=10,36,496|21=1951|22=11,06,805|23=1961|24=12,52,196|25=1971|26=14,22,707|27=1981|28=18,01,049|29=1991|30=22,10,700|31=2001|32=27,31,174|33=2011|34=32,09,141|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Pratapgarh district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.11}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Islam]]|green|14.10}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.79}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh had a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,209,141,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Pratapgarh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1274/download/4110/DH_2011_0942_PART_A_DCHB_PRATAPGARH.pdf|access-date= |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Mongolia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Mongolia 3,133,318 July 2011 est.}}</ref> or the US state of [[Iowa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=30 September 2011| quote =Iowa 3,046,355}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 109th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district had a population density of {{convert| 854 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.2%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Pratapgarh had a [[sex ratio]] of 994 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 73.1%. 5.46% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 22.10% of the population.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Pratapgarh district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Hindi]] |value1 = 90.74 |color1 = orange
|label2 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] |value2 = 6.02 |color2 = indianred
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 3.13 |color3 = green
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.11 |color4 = grey
|thumb=right
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 90.74% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 6.02% [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] and 3.13% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10224/download/13336/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0900.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Administration==
There are 17 blocks in Pratapgarh district.<ref name="blocks">{{cite web |title=Subdivision & Blocks {{!}} District Pratapgarh, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://pratapgarh.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/ |access-date=27 January 2022}}</ref>

== Education ==
{{Main|List of educational institutions in Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh}}

==Notable persons==
{{alumni|people|date=September 2017}}
*[[Munishwar Dutt Upadhyay]], freedom fighter, later became only member of [[Constituent Assembly]] from Pratapgarh and twice elected [[Member of Parliament]] from Pratapgarh.
*[[Swami Karpatri]] Maharaj, spiritual leader and founder of Ramrajya party
*[[Rajesh Kumar Mishra (born 1967)|Rajesh Kumar Mishra]], leader and politician at Kisaan Morcha, BJP
*[[Bajrang Bahadur Singh]], founder vice-chancellor of Pant Nagar University and later the second [[Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] state of India
*[[Kripalu Maharaj|Jagadguru Kripalu Maharaj]] (1922–2013), Hindu spiritual leader and [[saint]] from Mangarh, Pratapgarh
*[[Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Dinesh Singh]] (1925–1995), Deputy Minister in the ministry of external affairs and served as a member of parliament
*[[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] (1907–2003) [[poet]] and professor of [[Allahabad University]], best known for his early work ''Madhushala''; father of Bollywood star [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
*[[Raghuraj Pratap Singh]] (born 1969) known as Raja Bhaiya, politician, independent member of legislative assembly and MLA of Pratapgarh district Uttar Pradesh
*[[Anupam Shyam|Anupam Shyam Ojha]] (1957–2021), film and television [[actor]], who usually played villainous role on international films set in India
*[[Babulal Gaur]] (born 1930) BJP Leader and Ex. Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]] also hails from Pratapgarh.
*[[Shweta Tiwari]] (born 1980), [[Bollywood]] and [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]] film [[actress]] and winner of the fourth season of the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss]]''
*[[Ratna Singh|Rajkumari Ratna Singh]] (born 1959), politician from [[Indian National Congress Party]], member of parliament.
*[[Pramod Tiwari]] (born 1956), senior leader of Congress Party and EX MLA from (Rampur Khas), and current MP of Rajya Sabh Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh.
*[[Lal Pratap Singh]] freedom fighter
*[[Ajit Pratap Singh]], ex-royal and politician
*[[Sumitranandan Pant]], poet

==See also==
* [[Munishwar Dutt Upadhyay]]
* [[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]]
* [[Harshpur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Partabgarh (United Provinces)|Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh}}
* {{official website|http://pratapgarh.nic.in/}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Pratapgarh district
|North = [[Sultanpur district]], [[Amethi district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Jaunpur district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Prayagraj district]]
|Southwest = [[Kaushambi district]]
|West =[[Fatehpur district]]
|Northwest = [[Rae Bareli district]]
}}

{{Pratapgarh district}}
{{Districts of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Allahabad division topics}}

{{Uttar Pradesh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratapgarh District, Uttar Pradesh}}
[[Category:Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1858 establishments in India]]

Totapuri: Chapter 2

2026-03-05T18:54:43Z

Ola22W86488: new the article from scratch

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Short description|Kannada language film directed by Vijay Prasad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| director = [[Vijaya Prasad]]
| producer = K. A. Suresh
| writer = Vijaya Prasad
| starring = [[Jaggesh]]<br/>[[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjay]]<br/>[[Aditi Prabhudeva]]<br/>[[Suman Ranganathan]]
| cinematography =
| music = Arun Andrews <br/> Hemanth Subrahmanya
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|2023|09|28|df=yes}}
| runtime = 120 minutes<ref name=":0"/>
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Tothapuri: Chapter 2''''' ({{Translation|Parrot Face: Chapter 2}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada-language]] [[romantic comedy]] film, serving as a sequel to the movie ''[[Totapuri: Chapter 1]]''. The film is written and directed by filmmaker [[Vijaya Prasad]] and produced by K A Suresh. It features a notable cast, including renowned actors [[Jaggesh]], [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjay]], [[Suman Ranganathan]], and [[Aditi Prabhudeva]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Thothapuri Chapter 2 Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/thothapuri-2/movie-review/104034283.cms |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Cast ==

{{cast listing| * [[Jaggesh]] as Eeregowda
* [[Dhananjaya (actor)|Dhananjay]] as Narayana Pillai
* [[Aditi Prabhudeva]] as Shakeela Banu
* [[Suman Ranganathan]] as Victoria
* [[H. G. Dattatreya]]
* [[Veena Sundar]] as ‘Donne’ Rangamma
*Hema Dutta as Nanjamma
}}

== Reception ==
In his review for Bangalore Mirror, Y Maheswara Reddy awarded "Thothapuri Chapter 2" a rating of 3 out of 5 stars. He emphasized that beyond the humor, the film conveys an important message about communal harmony, making it a recommended choice for discerning viewers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Thothapuri Chapter 2 Movie Review: Comic delight |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/thothapuri-chapter-2-movie-review-comic-delight/articleshow/104025121.cms |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=bangaloremirror.com}}</ref>

Vivek M. V., reviewing for [[The Hindu]], stated that "Thothapuri: Chapter 2" redeems the series with a more mature storytelling approach, deeper character exploration, and tackling the conflict with a fresh character introduced by Dhananjaya. The film courageously addresses issues of religion and caste versus love and unity while maintaining candid conversations about sensitive topics like alcohol and sex. Prasad's potential to create impactful films is evident, provided he diversifies his storytelling beyond a single template.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title='Thothapuri: Chapter 2' movie review: A less preachy, more controlled expansion on an important theme |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/thothapuri-chapter-2-movie-review-a-less-preachy-more-controlled-expansion-on-an-important-theme/article67356934.ece |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

Bharat Times reviewed "Thothapuri: Chapter 2" and found it to demonstrate an improved approach compared to its predecessor, offering a more balanced and less preachy take on its important theme. Director Vijay Prasad refines his storytelling by toning down the adult humor, becoming more of a storyteller, and delving deeper into character development. The film retains its focus on inclusivity but manages to avoid excessive lecturing, although it occasionally struggles with misplaced innuendos. Prasad's strength lies in portraying everyday people and challenging societal biases, making him a filmmaker unafraid to explore complex themes such as a Hindu-Muslim love story in contemporary times, as long as he diversifies his storytelling approach.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title='Thothapuri: Chapter 2' movie review: A less preachy, more controlled expansion on an important theme |url=https://news.bharattimes.co.in/thothapuri-chapter-2-movie-review-a-less-preachy-more-controlled-expansion-on-an-important-theme/ |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=news.bharattimes.co.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt28254944}}

[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vijaya Prasad]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Films about the caste system in India]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]

{{2020s-romantic-comedy-film-stub}}

Muthyamantha Muddu

2026-03-03T22:00:08Z

Ola22W86488: Put up basic article more to come...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Muthyamantha Muddu
| image = Muthyamantha_Muddu.jpg
| caption = Movie Poster
| writer = G. Satya Murthy {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]
| screenplay = Ravi Raja Pinisetty
| producer = K. Benarjee
| director = [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]<br />[[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]]
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = [[Lok Singh]]
| editing = Velle Swamy
| based_on = Thiller {{small|(Novel)}}
| studio = Pramoda Art Films<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0249034/ |title=Muthyamantha Muddu (Overview) |work=IMDb}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1989||}}
| runtime = 136 Mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

''''' Muthyamantha Muddu''''' ({{translation|Pearl Size Kiss}}) is a 1989 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[thriller film]] produced by K. Benarjee under the Pramoda Art Films banner, Presented by [[K. S. Rama Rao]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telugumoviepedia.com/movie/cast/708/muthyamantha-muggu-cast.html |title=Muthyamantha Muddu (Banner) |work=Chitr.com}}</ref> and directed by [[Ravi Raja Pinisetty]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knowyourfilms.com/film/Mutyamantha-Muddu/8744 |title=Muthyamantha Muddu (Direction) |work=Know Your Films}}</ref> It stars [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] and [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]], with music composed by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/muthyamantha-mudhdhu-movie/17881 |title=Muthyamantha Muddu (Cast & Crew) |work=gomolo.com}}</ref> The film is based on [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]] novel ''Thriller''.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/7478?ed=Tolly |title=Muthyamantha Muddu (Review) |work=The Cine Bay}}</ref> [[Hamsalekha]] used the tune of two songs from two different Kannada movies in this movie.

==Plot==
The film is an idea that sparked the mindset of [[Yandamuri Veerendranath]]: a tale of a special someone, Anudeep. He performed 7 years of penance for ''Love'' at [[Vindhya Range|Vindhya]], which molded him into a miraculous person. Vidyadhari is a misandrist because of her straight knowledge and feds up with the horny males around from sunrise: House owner Prof. Ranganatham, his son Rama Rao, & Proprietor Chakradhar. Chankradhar constantly proposes, which he denies and defies. So, he claims her for a theft plot for the bed's imperiling. Vidyadhari is currently downtrodden when startling Anudeep arrives as a mysterious individual. He communicates like he has intimate knowledge about her, boasts courage, and they advance to Chakradhar. Anudeep drives Vidyadhari to hit him with her shoe, threatening Chakradhar by picking a photograph from his pocket and bowing him down on Vidyadhari's feet. Astonished, Vidyadhari gazes at some occult powers in him and asks his profession, who replies he woos.

From there, Anudeep is beyond her as ''white or rice'' and secures her from the dangers. Yet, his activities completely perplexed & tense Vidyadhari, and she sounds out actuality. Then, he proclaims that the girl he adores with divinity is herself from the past 7 years. Anudeep also conveys his excessive penance to attain knowledge of eminence & true nature love by which he became supernatural. Vidyadhari dismisses it as a phony story and confirms he is too routine a guyish monster. So, Anudeep challenges her to prove his love's strength. He states to lock the house that night tightly, and he will write a love mark on her body. The following day, viewing it, Vidyadhari is terrified when she berates Anudeep for his offense, and he vows to penalize himself.

After a while, in a movie house, Vidyadhari petrifies, spotting Anudeep amputating his hand. Commissioner Dharma Rao Vidyadhari's familiar pacifies her and charges SI Viswanatham on Anudeep, who arrests him. Subsequently, he torments him when Anudeep smiles due to his worship of love. Hence, Viswanatham tests him to sprout his hand again, which he does with holiness, and Anudeep calmly walks out, confounding all. Forthwith, Dharma Rao announces him as an impostor to Vidyadhari, who is misleading her with his mesmerizing tricks. SP Ravi Sastry also starts his investigation conscious of the events. He reaches Vindhya hills, justifies it, and declares that Anudeep is a great love soul. Parallelly, Vidyadhari's hot girl buddy Vaishali bets to subdue Anudeep. Accordingly, she carries him to the room where he feels a motherly touch in her, which makes Vaishali penitent, who kneels to his reputation.

Meanwhile, the Police Department is suspicious that Chakradhar will turn around his board by swindling wise investors. So, Dharma Rao seeks Vidyadhari's aid to attain his confidential data. Besides, Chakradhar's partner Sampath is alarmed about the Police threat and demands for his share, which Chakradhar deaf ears. Anudeep approaches Vidyadhari to bar the task since the danger is behind her. However, she upbraids him for his witchcraft when Anudeep surrenders the powers gained by his penance. Right on Schedule, Vidyadhari befriends Chakradhari and heads to him that night with Viswanatham as a backup security. Startlingly, Viswanatham turns into a knave and mingles with Sampath. They ruse by assassinating Chakradhar and incriminating Vidyadhari.

Anudeep meets her in prison when she accuses him of her difficulties' prime cause. Ravi Sastry encounters on his back, having complete knowledge of him. Anudeep proves Vidyadhari's nonguilty via Ravi Sastry and acquits her. Soon, Vidyadhari recollects a suspicious one's movement that day, which she can detect. Overhearing it, Vishwanatham & Sampath wile to slay her, when Anudeep guards her but is gravely injured and hospitalized. Now, Ravi Sastry sets foot for Vidyadhari, who denounces Anudeep. Then, Ravi Sastry revolts, stating that his penance is accurate and that he is the one who shielded her from miscreants. At last, Vidyadhari comprehends Anudeep's ethereal love and rushes, but it's too late because he leaves his breath. Finally, the movie ends happily with Anudeep's soul retrieved by Vidyadhari's idolization.

==Cast==
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Anudeep
*[[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] as Vidyadhari
*[[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] as Prof. Ranganatham
*[[Murali Mohan]] as Ravi Sastry
*[[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Chakradhar
*[[Brahmanandam]] as S. I. Viswanatham
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Rikshawala
*[[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Commissioner Dharma Rao
*[[Prasad Babu]] as Sampath
*[[G. V. Narayana Rao]] as Rama Rao
*[[Kanta Rao]] as Anudeep's father
*Dham as Priest
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Anudeep's mother
*Divyavani as Vishali
*[[Raasi (actress)| Raasi]] as Young Vidyadhari

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Muthyamantha Muddu
| type = film
| artist = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1989
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 18:31
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = [[Hamsalekha]]
| prev_title = [[Agni (1989 film)|Agni]]
| prev_year = 1989
| next_title = Aarthanadham
| next_year = 1989
}}

Music composed by [[Hamsalekha]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]]. Music released on Lahari Music Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineradham.com/telugu-audio/movie/1265/Muthyamantha%20Muddu(1989)/ |title=Muthyamantha Muddu (Songs) |work=Cineradham}}</ref>

[[Hamsalekha]] used the tune of two songs from two different Kannada movies starring [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]] in this movie. The song ''Premalekha Raasa'' was the reused version of the song ''Aakaradalli Gulabi Rangide'' from the 1988 Kannada movie ''[[Anjada Gandu]]''. The song ''Ichcohuko'' was the reused version of the song ''Yaavudo Ee Bombe'' with a tune in between taken from the tune of the line ''Neenenayya Maayagaaranu'' from another song ''Sri Krishna Bandanu'' - both from the 1989 Kannada movie ''[[Yuga Purusha]]''.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Premalekha Raasa"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|4:47
|-
|2
|"Goppinti Gopamma"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|4:24
|-
|3
|"O Andama"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
|4:33
|-
|4
|"Ichcohuko"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
|4:32
|}

==Awards==
*[[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]] won [[Nandi Special Jury Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020 | language=Telugu}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
{{Ravi Raja Pinisetty}}

[[Category:1989 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty]]
[[Category:Films based on novels by Yandamuri Veerendranath]]
[[Category:1989 thriller films]]

Puthan Panam

2026-03-03T20:35:17Z

Ola22W86488: new initial article and citations

{{short description|2017 film by Ranjith}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Puthan Panam
| image = PuthanPanamFirstLook.jpg
| caption = First look poster
| director = [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]
| producer = [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]<br>Abraham Mathew<br>Arun Narayanan
| writer = [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]]<br>[[P. V. Shajikumar]]<br>( Dialogues)
| starring = [[Mammootty]]<br>[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]
| music = '''Songs:'''<br>[[Shaan Rahman]]<br>'''Score:'''<br>[[Achu Rajamani]]
| cinematography = [[Om Prakash (cinematographer)|Om Prakash]]
| editing = Manoj Kannoth
| studio = Three Colour Cinema Cinema
| distributor = Phars Films, Tricolor Entertainment & Popcorn Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|4|12}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| gross = ₹8.3 crore
}}
'''''Puthan Panam''''' ({{translation}} New money) is a 2017 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action thriller]] film written, directed and co-produced by [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]], based on the issue of [[Indian black money|black money]] and [[Legal tender#Demonetization|demonetisation]]. It stars [[Mammootty]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Mamukkoya]], [[Hareesh Perumanna]], Nirmal Palazhi and Swaraj Gramika in prominent roles.

The film follows the series of incidents that happened in [[Mangalore]]-based underworld don Nithyananda Shenoy ([[Mammootty]])'s life, following the announcement of [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation]] on 8 November. Mammootty speaks [[Kasaragod|Kasargod]] dialect in the movie. The film was released on 12 April 2017 two days before the [[Vishu]] holiday.<ref name=DC1>{{cite news|title=Ranjith- Mammootty film titled Puthan Panam.|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/131116/ranjith-mammootty-film-titled-puthan-panam.html |url-status=live | date=13 November 2016 | first=Priya | last=Sreekumar | newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207043029/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/131116/ranjith-mammootty-film-titled-puthan-panam.html |archive-date=7 December 2016 | access-date=21 October 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mammootty has a Kasargode dialect in Puthen panam |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mammootty-has-a-Kasargode-dialect-in-Puthen-panam/articleshow/55686289.cms |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201161549/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mammootty-has-a-Kasargode-dialect-in-Puthen-panam/articleshow/55686289.cms |archivedate=1 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/04/12/puthan-panam-audience-response.html Puthan Panam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417080203/http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2017/04/12/puthan-panam-audience-response.html |date=17 April 2017 }}</ref> The film was dubbed in Tamil as ''Cash back'' and Kannada as ''Demonetization''.

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=December 2023}}
Nithyananda Shenoy, an infamous gangster and financier from Kasaragod, becomes embroiled in the chaos following the 2016 Indian banknote demonetisation. The sudden policy change forces Shenoy to navigate the treacherous waters of black money and corruption. As he attempts to safeguard his wealth, Shenoy encounters various characters, including Muthuvel, a young boy from the underprivileged sections of Kochi, and his mother Sundari. Their lives intersect with Shenoy's as they struggle to survive in a society upended by the demonetisation. Shenoy's journey is marked by ethical dilemmas as he confronts corrupt politicians, law enforcement, and fellow criminals.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Mammootty]] as Nityananda Shenoy
* Swaraj Gramika as Muthuvel
* [[Ineya|Iniya]] as Sundari
* [[Mammukkoya]] as Awkku
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as C.I Habeeb Rahman
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Ex-Minister Chandrabhanu
* [[P. Balachandran|P Balachandran]] as Adv.M.K Pillai
* [[Baiju Santhosh|Baiju]] as Neutral Kunjappan
* [[Joy Mathew]] as Mahin Haji
* [[Jennifer Antony]] as Saradha, Shenoy's wife
* [[Sheelu Abraham]] as City Police Commissioner Sara Dominic IPS
* [[Niranjana Anoop]] as Miya
* [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] as Manager Ramanna
* [[Hareesh Perumanna]] as Chandru aka Chandrahassan
* [[Anil Murali]] as Adv.Shihab
* [[Ravi Mariya]] as Narayanan
* [[Arun Cherukavil|Arun]] as Artist
* [[Parvathy Nambiar]] as Artist
* [[Vishak Nair]] as Sunil
* [[Kottayam Nazeer]] as Nagaraj
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Kumaravel
* [[Vijayakumar (Malayalam actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Jamshad
* [[Ganapathi (actor)|Ganapathi]] as Shine
* [[Abu Salim (actor)|Abu Salim]] as Aravindan
* [[Kunchan (actor)|Kunchan]] as Bharathettan
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Babu Rajesh
* [[Indrans]] as Kuruvi (Marthandan)
* [[Sohan Seenulal]] as Sathyan
* [[Biju Pappan]] as Ganeshan
* [[Prajin]] as Alen Mathew
* [[Renji Panicker]] as Iqbal Mether, [[Director General of Police]]/DGP, State Police Chief
* [[Nirmal Palazhi]] as Sharaf
{{colend}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
A film with [[Mammootty]] and [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] uniting was reported in April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mammootty-to-team-up-with-ranjith-next-news-malayalam-qe2iD3bfbbfce.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505113910/http://www.sify.com/movies/mammootty-to-team-up-with-ranjith-next-news-malayalam-qe2iD3bfbbfce.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2016|title= Mammootty to team up with Ranjith next?|website=[[Sify]] |date=28 April 2016|agency=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|agency=[[Asianet News]]|date=2 September 2016|url= http://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/mammootty-ranjith-venture-named-vamban|title= Ranjith promises a 'different' Mammootty flick next}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/250916/mammootty-to-lead-in-vamban.html|title=Mammootty to lead in Vamban|agency=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=26 September 2016}}</ref> Ranjith later confirmed the news and said the title was not confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=84709|title= Ranjith's Mammootty film is not Vamban|agency=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]|date=2 November 2016}}</ref> In November, the title was revealed as ''Puthan Panam'', with its subject reported to be of [[black money]] and a cast including [[Ineya|Iniya]], [[Renji Panicker]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] and [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]].<ref name=DC1 /> A tagline, 'The New Indian Rupee', is suffixed to the title, coinciding with the situation when the ₹1000 and ₹500 banknotes were demonetised in India by the [[Central Government of India|Central Government]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/movies-music/news/mammootty-ranjith-puthanpanamthenewindianrupee-malayalammovie-currency-blackmoney-malayalam-news-1.1493359|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=10 November 2016|accessdate=1 November 2017|trans-title=Ranjith-Mammootty film 'Puthan Panam: The New Indian Rupee'|title= രഞ്ചിത്ത്‌-മമ്മൂട്ടി ചിത്രം 'പുത്തൻ പണം: ദി ന്യൂ ഇന്ത്യൻ റുപ്പി'|language=Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mammootty-look-in-puthan-panam-is-awe-worthy-4554601|author=Priyanka Sundar|date=4 March 2017|accessdate=12 October 2017|work=[[Indian Express]]|title=Puthan Panam first look released: Mammootty's look in the film is awe-worthy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jaihindtvonline.in/2017/01/03/19803.html|date=3 January 2017|accessdate=10 October 2017|work=[[Jaihind TV]]|trans-title=The New Indian Rupee|language=Malayalam|title=ദി ന്യൂ ഇന്ത്യൻ റുപ്പി|archive-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073300/http://www.jaihindtvonline.in/2017/01/03/19803.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Filming began on 25 November 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mammoottys-next-to-start-shooting-from-Nov-25/articleshow/55556779.cms|title= Mammootty's next to start shooting from Nov 25|author= Sanjith Sidhardhan|website= [[The Times of India]]|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=21 November 2016}}</ref> Filming took place in [[Cochin]], [[Calicut]], [[Goa]] and [[Pollachi]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/030217/who-is-mammoottys-new-pair.html|title=Who is Mammootty's new pair?|author=JANANI K|agency=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=2 March 2017|access-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> Mammootty plays Nithyananda Shenoy, a middle-aged man who hails from [[Kumbala]]<ref name="sr"/> and speaks [[Kasargode]] dialect.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mammootty-has-a-Kasargode-dialect-in-Puthen-panam/articleshow/55686289.cms|title= Mammootty has a Kasargode dialect in Puthen panam|author=Asha Prakash |website= [[The Times of India]]|date=29 November 2016|agency=TOI}}</ref> Mammootty was trained in Kasargode accent with the guidance of dialogue writer [[P. V. Shajikumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sify.com/movies/mammootty-to-team-up-with-shyamdhar-and-shafi-news-malayalam-qm2jqdjefdffg.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161231205005/http://www.sify.com/movies/mammootty-to-team-up-with-shyamdhar-and-shafi-news-malayalam-qm2jqdjefdffg.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 31 December 2016|title= Mammootty to team up with Shyamdhar and Shafi|date=28 December 2016|accessdate=17 November 2017|author=Moviebuzz|website= [[Sify]]|agency=Sify}}</ref> Ranjith called Shajikumar for writing dialogues in ''Puthan Panam'' as per the suggestion of Mammootty. Mammootty found Kumar on a [[WhatsApp]] group named 'Njatuvela' where both were members. When Shajikumar translated a poem, "Apolitical Intellectuals" by [[Otto René Castillo]], in Kasargode dialect and posted on the group, Mammootty was impressed. Shooting lasted three months.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/movies-music/features/pv-shajikumar-take-off-mammootty-movie--1.1839885|date=1 April 2017|accessdate=12 November 2017|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|author=Aneesh K Mathew|trans-title=Let those who ridicule Kasargode slang learn from Mammootty|language=Malayalam|title=കാസർഗോഡ്‌ ഭാഷയെ പരിഹസിക്കുന്നവർ മമ്മൂട്ടിയെ കണ്ടു പഠിക്കട്ടെ}}</ref> Swaraj Gramika, a child artiste from a [[Thiruvananthapuram]]-based theatre group, who played a prominent role in the film, was selected after a casual meet with Ranjith in [[Kozhikode]], whom he had earlier sent the details of his two short films and theatre productions.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/221117/swaraj-gramika-best-foot-forward.html?fromNewsdog=1 |date=22 November 2017|access-date=12 December 2017|author=Elizabeth Thomas|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|title= Swaraj Gramika: Best foot forward }}</ref> [[Shaan Rahman]] composed the soundtrack.<ref name="sr">{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/shaan-rahman-composes-music-for-puthan-panam/articleshow/56080803.cms|title= Shaan Rahman composes music for Puthan Panam|author=Anjana George |website= [[The Times of India]]|date=20 December 2016|agency=TOI}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Box office===
The film got mixed to positive reviews from the critics. The film grossed ₹2.42 crore from first day of its release in Kerala box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-puthan-panam-earns-2-42-crores-on-domestic-box-office-on-day-1/articleshow/58162311.cms|title=Puthan Panam box office collection day 1: Mammootty's film earns 2.42 crores on domestic box office|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 April 2017}}</ref> The film grossed ₹10.3 crore from 25 days in Kerala box office.<ref>{{cite web|author=Abhijith|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2017/puthan-panam-box-office-25-days-kerala-collections-260471.html|title=Puthan Panam: 25 Days Kerala Collections!|work=Filmibeat|date=9 May 2017}}</ref>

===Critical response===
Deepa Soman of [[The Times of India]] rated the film three out five and concluded, "If you go expecting to watch a wholesome film on the black money issue, you might not get your money's worth from this flick. But if all that you care about is to stay entertained through the length of the film, it is worth your ‘Puthan Panam’".<ref>{{cite web|author=Deepa Soman|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/puthan-panam/movie-review/58145300.cms#_ga=2.171942631.612418846.1511161555-1925176884.1511161555|title= Puthan Panam Movie Review| website=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 April 2017|access-date=18 November 2017|agency=TOI}}</ref>
Though appreciating Mammootty's characterisation saying, "You feel sorry for Mammootty, who plays his character with total dedication. He looks convincing and is his makeover is just brilliant," Moviebuzz of [[Sify]] stated, "Puthan Panam is lazily done and besides some casual references here and there, the connection with the demonetization drive is barely impressive. In short, after a good start, this one goes awry. Sad!"<ref>{{cite web|agency=[[Sify]]|author=Moviebuzz|date=12 April 2017|accessdate=18 November 2017|url= http://www.sify.com/movies/puthan-panam-review--a-tedious-watch-review-malayalam-remwwwbcfbedc.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170413160631/http://www.sify.com/movies/puthan-panam-review--a-tedious-watch-review-malayalam-remwwwbcfbedc.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 13 April 2017|title= Puthan Panam review- A tedious watch|website=[[Sify]] }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=tt6426832}}
{{Ranjith}}

[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shaan Rahman]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ranjith (director)]]

Ghatothkachudu

2026-03-03T18:21:52Z

Ola22W86488: started info

{{short description|1995 Telugu film by S. V. Krishna Reddy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ghatothkachudu
| image = Ghatotkachudu.jpg
| caption = DVD Cover
| writer = Diwakar Babu {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = S. V. Krishna Reddy<br />K. Atchi Reddy
| screenplay = S. V. Krishna Reddy
| director = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| producer = K. Atchi Reddy<br />Kishore Rathi {{small|(presents)}}
| starring = [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]]<br />[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]<br />[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]
| music = S. V. Krishna Reddy
| cinematography = Sarath
| editing = K. Ramgopal Reddy
| studio = Manisha Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1995|3|31}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Ghatothkachudu''''' ({{Translation|[[Ghatotkacha]]}}) is a 1995 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[fantasy comedy]] film co-written, directed and composed by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghatodgajudu (1995) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AJKD/info |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref> The film was produced by K. Atchi Reddy and stars [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] in the title role, with [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] and [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] in prominent roles. Other key cast members include Baby Nikita, [[AVS (actor)|AVS]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Tanikella Bharani]], [[Brahmanandam]], and [[Tinnu Anand]]. The film also features cameo appearances by [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]], and [[Srikanth (actor, born 1968)|Srikanth]]. ''Ghatothkachudu'' was a commercial success at the box office.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=26 April 2020 |title=25 వసంతాల 'ఘటోత్కచుడు'.. ఇది ఎస్వీ కృష్ణారెడ్డి మాయ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/sv-krishna-reddys-ghatotkachudu-completes-25-years/articleshow/75392470.cms |website=[[Samayam]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=26 April 2020 |title=25 Years for SV Krishna Reddy, K Atchi Reddy's 'Ghatotkachudu' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/25-years-for-sv-krishna-reddy-k-atchi-reddys-ghatotkachudu-619308 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film follows the mythological character [[Ghatotkacha]], who is mortally wounded in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. As he lies dying, he is aided by a young tribal girl who offers him water. In gratitude, Ghatotkacha promises to repay her kindness when she is in need.

Centuries later, the girl is reborn as Chitti, the only heir to a wealthy family of [[Indian diaspora|NRIs]]. Chitti's parents, Koteswara Rao and Sudha, are targeted by two relatives, Chalapathi and his son, who plot to murder them and inherit their wealth. Basanna, a mute servant in the family, saves Chitti from several assassination attempts. However, Chalapathi and his cronies eventually succeed in throwing Basanna out of the house and attempt to kill Chitti's family. They plant a bomb in the family's car, killing her parents but sparing Chitti. Basanna sacrifices his life to save her, and Chitti is later rescued by Basanna's son, Ranga. Ranga, along with Chitti, flees and eventually takes refuge in a forest. As they are cornered by the assassins, Chitti calls for help, and Ghatotkacha, remembering his promise, appears to save her.

In a separate storyline, a [[Robocop]]-styled [[robot]] named Subba Rao saves Roja from a bald-headed criminal ([[AVS (actor)|AVS]]), who attempts to murder her. Subba Rao falls in love with Roja and frequently visits Ghatotkacha, Chitti, and Roja, often clashing with Ranga.

Chalapathi, [[Yamaleela#Plot|Thota Ramudu]], and their associates continue their attempts to kill Chitti. They succeed in killing her before Ghatotkacha, enraged, destroys Subba Rao’s 10,000-[[watt]] power. Ghatotkacha pleads to [[Hanuman|Lord Anjaneya]] to restore Chitti's life. In response, Ghatotkacha becomes a supergiant and uses his powers to reverse time, saving Chitti before her death and thwarting the villains.

Ghatotkacha reprograms Subba Rao to defeat the villains. Subba Rao kills Chalapathi by redirecting a [[Laser|laser beam]], while Ghatotkacha plays tennis with the wizard's head. Ghatotkacha also defeats the bald-headed criminal and the scientist who created Subba Rao. As punishment for betraying Ghatotkacha, Thota Ramudu is forced to remain on a scrap collector's TV.

In the climax, Chalapathi's son and the wizard's henchmen are involved in a chaotic accident, where a ball controlled by a watch multiplies into hundreds of balls. After Subba Rao completes his task, Ghatotkacha reduces his power from 10,000 watts to a manageable 220 watts.

==Cast==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Ranga
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as [[Ghatotkacha]]
*[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Roja
*Baby Nikita as Chitti
*[[Sarath Babu]] as Koteswara Rao, Chitti's father
*[[Tinnu Anand]] as Scientist
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Brahmam "Pilaka", an artifact Collector
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as [[Magician (fantasy)|wizard]]
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Chalapathi Rao, the main villain
*[[Sivaji Raja]] as Chalapathi's son
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as [[Yamaleela#Plot|Thota Ramudu]]
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Basanna "Kaka"
*[[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Ranga's friend
*[[AVS (comedian)|AVS]] as a villain with his motto "Rangu Paduddi"
*[[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]] as the wizard's assistant
*[[Chitti Babu Punyamurthula|Chitti Babu]] as the wizard's assistant
*[[Ananth Babu]] as the wizard's assistant
*[[Subbaraya Sarma]]
*Chakrapani as [[Lord Krishna]]
*[[Giri Babu]] as [[Yudhishthira|Dharma Raju]]
*[[Prasad Babu]] as [[Duryodhana]]
*Vijaya Rangaraju as [[Bhima]]
*Jaggu as Alambusa
*Kishore Rathi as [[Indra]]
*[[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Princess in the song "Priya Madhuram"
*[[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Brahmam's wife
*[[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Sudha, Chitti's mother
*[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as himself (cameo appearance)
*[[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] as [[Karna]] (cameo appearance)
*[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as [[Arjuna]] (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
After the success of the fantasy film ''[[Yamaleela]]'' (1994), which featured comedian [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] in the lead role and [[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as [[Yama]], director [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]] ventured into another fantasy film. For this project, he chose the character of [[Ghatotkacha]] from the ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Krishna Reddy teamed up once again with producer K. Atchi Reddy, as well as with Satyanarayana and Ali. Satyanarayana was cast as Ghatotkacha, while Ali played one of the lead roles.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

The film also featured the character [[Yamaleela#Plot|Thota Ramudu]] from ''Yamaleela'', with [[Tanikella Bharani]] reprising his role. Additionally, the film included [[Cameo appearance|cameo appearances]] by [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] and [[Srikanth (actor, born 1968)|Srikanth]] as [[Karna]] and [[Arjuna]], respectively, with [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] appearing in a special song.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Ghatothkachudu
| type = film
| artist = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1995
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:50
| label = Magna Sound
| producer = S. V. Krishna Reddy
| prev_title = [[Number One (1994 film)|Number One]]
| prev_year = 1994
| next_title = [[Top Hero]]
| next_year = 1995
}}
The music for the film was composed by the director, [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]], himself.
{{Track listing
| headline = Track list<ref>{{cite web | url = https://open.spotify.com/album/5FEhXZ6lMzDMpBuFfs9AtW | website = [[Spotify]] | title = Ghatothkachudu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | date = 12 March 1995 | access-date = 11 January 2021 | archive-date = 24 May 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210524132022/https://open.spotify.com/album/5FEhXZ6lMzDMpBuFfs9AtW | url-status = live }}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 28:46
| title1 = Ja Ja Jja Roja
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 5:15
| title2 = Andala Aparanji Bomma
| lyrics2 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length2 = 5:07
| title3 = Bhamaro Nanne Pyar Karo
| lyrics3 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Swarnalatha
| length3 = 4:08
| title4 = Bham Bham Bham
| lyrics4 = [[Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 4:08
| title5 = Dingu Dingu
| lyrics5 = Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length5 = 5:03
| title6 = Priya Madhuram
| lyrics6 = Jonnavittula Ramalingeswara Rao
| extra6 = [[Remo Fernandes]], Swarnalatha
| length6 = 5:03
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{S. V. Krishna Reddy}}
{{Works based on the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
[[Category:1995 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1995 comedy films]]
[[Category:Supernatural films]]
[[Category:Films about the afterlife]]
[[Category:Paranormal films]]

Thalaimuraigal

2026-03-03T03:29:00Z

Ola22W86488: new the post nd citations

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Balu Mahendra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
|image=Thalaimuraigal.jpg
|caption=Theatrical poster
|director = [[Balu Mahendra]]
|producer = [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]]<br>Balu Mahendra
|starring = Master Karthik<br />Balu Mahendra
|writer = Balu Mahendra
|music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|cinematography = Balu Mahendra
|editing = Balu Mahendra
|studio = Company Production
|distributor = Cinema Pattarai
|country = India
|language = Tamil
|released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|12|20|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Balu Mahendra's Thalaimuraigal releases on December 20 |url=http://cinesine.com/kollywood/3730/balu-mahendras-thalaimuraigal-releases-on-december-20 |publisher=Cinesine}}</ref>}}
}}

'''''Thalaimuraigal''''' ({{translation|Generations}}) is a 2013 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film written, cinematography, edited, and directed by [[Balu Mahendra]] in his last directorial film. Produced by [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]]'s Company Productions and [[Balu Mahendra]]'s Cinema Pattarai, the film has Master Karthik and Balu Mahendra, while [[Sashikumar Subramani]], Ramya Shankar, and [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] appear in supporting roles and Sasikumar in a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thalaimuraigal - Balu Mahendra is back |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Thalaimuraigal-Balu-Mahendra-is-back-imagegallery-Kollywood-nmbtNQhjcgd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203223132/http://www.sify.com/movies/thalaimuraigal-balu-mahendra-is-back-imagegallery-kollywood-nmbtNQhjcgd.html |archive-date=2013-12-03 |access-date=2013-12-26 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film's score was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-21 |title=Thalaimuraigal first look revealed |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-21/news-interviews/42272387_1_first-look-legendary-balu-mahendra-thalaimuraigal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924112543/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-21/news-interviews/42272387_1_first-look-legendary-balu-mahendra-thalaimuraigal |archive-date=2013-09-24 |access-date=2013-09-22 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> and the film released on 20 December 2013. At the [[61st National Film Awards]], the film won the [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]].

==Cast==
* Master Karthik as Aditya
* [[Balu Mahendra]] as Subbu
* [[Sashikumar Subramani]] as Sivaraman
* Ramya Shankar as Stella
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] as Sivaraman's sister
* [[M. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]] as Dr. Adithya (cameo)
* [[Pasi Sathya]]
* Rail Ravi

==Production==
Four years after his last directional venture ''[[Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam]]'', Balu Mahendra announced a project called ''Anal Kaatru'' in 2008, but the project was dropped for unknown reasons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=Balu Mahendra's new movie |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/36380.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207152235/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/36380.html |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=2013-12-26 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> In 2013, he announced that he would direct ''Thalaimuraigal''. The film was made in 50 days on a shoestring budget of under ₹1 crore (worth ₹1.9 crore in 2021 prices). Apart from directing, Balu Mahendra revealed that he would play a pivotal role in the film.<ref name="thehindu1">{{Cite news |last=Karthik Subramanian |date=2013-12-02 |title=In a first, Balu Mahendra faces the camera |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/in-a-first-balu-mahendra-faces-the-camera/article5411367.ece |access-date=2013-12-26 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Besides, Sasikumar who produced this film will appear in a cameo appearance.<ref name="thehindu1" /> Ramya Shankar, who appeared in the television series ''[[Saravannan Meenatchi]]'', was selected to play a mother of 10 year old. Master Karthik, who earlier appeared in ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'', was selected as the child artist. [[Sashikumar Subramani]], who earlier appeared in Balu Mahendra's television series ''Kathai Neram'' and also played the roles of Rambha's brother in ''[[Anandham]]'' and [[Atul Kulkarni]]'s brother in the [[Dhanush]]-starrer ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'', was selected to play an important role. [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]], who acted in films like ''[[Engaeyum Eppothum]]'' and ''[[Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam]]'', was signed to play Balu Mahendra's daughter in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-04 |title=Vinodhini grabs major roles now |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131204/entertainment-kollywood/article/vinodhini-grabs-major-roles-now |access-date=2013-12-26 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The film was shot entirely with [[Canon EOS 5D]], a still camera.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthik Subramanian |date=2013-12-07 |title=The age of transition |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-age-of-transition/article5433502.ece |access-date=2013-12-26 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4 stars out of 5 and wrote, "there is plenty of genuineness and warmth, which, elevated by the minimalist storytelling and genteel performances turn this simple film into the feel-good film of the year".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thalaimuraigal Movie Review {4/5}: Critic Review of Thalaimuraigal by Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/thalaimuraigal/movie-review/28019810.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Rediff]] gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, "''Thalaimuraigal'' is a heartwarming tale of a grandfather coming to terms with his own conservative values and beliefs, while at the same time instilling in his grandson, a sense of pride and appreciation in his language and culture".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: Thalaimuraigal is brilliant |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-thalaimuraigal-is-brilliant-south/20131223.htm |access-date=2013-12-26 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> Behindwoods too gave 3.5 stars out of 5 and called it "an artistic piece of parallel cinema".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-20 |title=Thalaimuraigal (aka) Thalaimuraigal review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/thalaimuraigal/thalaimuraigal-review.html |access-date=2013-12-26 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "If Mahendra's aim was to make a film that can compete on a global level, ''Thalaimuraigal'' is a concrete step in that direction".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Malathi Rangarajan |date=2013-12-21 |title=Thalaimuraigal: For generations to come |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/thalaimuraigal-for-generations-to-come/article5486872.ece |access-date=2013-12-26 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote, "''Thalaimuraigal'' is well crafted movie that strikes a chord and is a heart-warming story of a relationship between a grandfather and his grandson".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review : Thalaimuraigal |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thalaimuraigal-review-tamil-15045614.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230239/http://www.sify.com/movies/thalaimuraigal-review-tamil-15045614.html |archive-date=2013-12-20 |access-date=2013-12-26 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Indiaglitz rated it 4.5 out of 5 and wrote, "''Thalaimuraigal'' is an emotional, touching and beautiful film that will bring you closer to family", calling it "definitely one of Balu Mahendra's best".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil Cinema News {{pipe}} Tamil Movie Reviews {{pipe}} Tamil Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Tamil |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/18148.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220140749/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/review/18148.html |archive-date=20 December 2013}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[61st National Film Awards|2013]] – [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3426284}}

{{Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration}}
{{Balu Mahendra}}
{{M. Sasikumar}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Balu Mahendra]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Best Film on National Integration National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2013 drama films]]
[[Category:Films produced by M. Sasikumar]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas

2026-03-02T09:44:58Z

Ola22W86488: further updated page after review also and improved wording

{{short description|2019 Indian Hindi-language romantic film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas
| image = Pal Pal Dil Ke Pass poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sunny Deol]]
| writer = Jasvinder Singh Bath<br>Ravi Shankaran
| producer = [[Zee Studios]]<br>Sunny Sound Pvt. Ltd.
| starring = Karan Deol <br>[[Sahher Bambba]]<br>[[Aakash Ahuja]]
| music = '''Songs''':<br>[[Sachet–Parampara]]<br>[[Rishi Rich]]<br>[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br>'''Score''':<br>[[Raju Singh]]
| cinematography = Himman Dhamija<br>Ragul Dharuman
| editing = Devendra Murdeshwar
| studio = [[Zee Studios]]<br>Sunny Sound Pvt. Ltd.<br>[[Vijayta Films]]
| distributor = [[Zee Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|09|20|ref1=<ref name="taran">{{cite tweet|user=taran_adarsh| author=Taran Adarsh|date=18 June 2019|number = 1140833420328591360 |title=New release date...#PalPalDilKePaas will now release on 20 Sept 2019.. Marks the acting debut of Sunny Deol's son Karan Deol and Sahher Bambba... Directed by Sunny Deol... Produced by Zee Studios and Sunny Sounds Pvt Ltd. https://t.co/EuX5CVfTI7}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 154 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/pal-pal-dil-ke-pass-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029224857/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/pal-pal-dil-ke-pass-2019 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 October 2019 | title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Pass | website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref>
| budget = {{INR}}30 crore<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-box-office-collection-day-7-karan-deol-s-debut-film-admits-defeat-total-rs-6-52-crore/496179|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas box office collection Day 7: Karan Deol's debut film admits defeat, total Rs 6.52 crore |date=27 September 2019 }}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR}}10 crore<ref name="botop">{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=20 September 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas''''' ({{translation|Every moment, close to the heart}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama]] film written and directed by [[Sunny Deol]] and produced by [[Sunny Deol|Sunny Sounds Pvt Ltd]] and [[Zee Studios]]. The films stars his son Karan Deol and [[Sahher Bambba]].<ref name="B">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/revealed-saher-bamba-play-lead-opposite-sunny-deols-son-karan/|title=REVEALED: Sahher Bambba to play the lead opposite Sunny Deol's son Karan – Bollywood Hungama|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=6 March 2017|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 August 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> The film was released on 20 September 2019.<ref name="taran"/>

With the box office revenue recovering only a third of its production budget, the film was deemed a [[Box-office bomb|box office bomb]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-box-office-collection-day-6-karan-deol-s-debut-film-sinks-without-trace-total-rs-6-07-cr/495616 |title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas box office collection Day 6: Karan Deol's debut film sinks without trace, total Rs 8.07 cr|website=Times Now|date=26 September 2019 |access-date=25 November 2019}}</ref>

==Plot==
Saher Sethi, a vlogger from Delhi, goes to Manali to review a solo trekking trip organized by Camp Ujhi Dhaar, run by Karan Sehgal. She thinks that the costly solo trip is a scam, and she would expose the camp's owner. Although they started on a bitter note, things began to improve between them during their journey, leading to Karan falling for her. He doesn't confess his feelings but tells her that he is afraid of attachment. Saher admits that she wanted to become a singer but couldn't follow her passion as Viren, her boyfriend, made fun of her at an open mic. He takes Saher to his childhood spot, where he sees a snow leopard, and remembers his mother, who died in an avalanche when she tried to capture a snow leopard on her camera. The trip finally comes to an end, Karan drops Saher at the airport, and both bid farewell to each other.

On reaching Delhi, Saher realizes that she has fallen in love with Karan and breaks up with Viren. She informs Karan that she is performing again at an open mic and indirectly asks him to come to Delhi. Karan unexpectedly shows up at the Open Mic, and they both confess their love for each other and share a kiss. The next day, at Saher's house party, Karan is introduced to Saher's family members and meets Viren, who invites Karan to his party the next day. Seeing Saher and Karan close and happy with each other, Viren feels devastated and becomes angry and pledges that he will do anything to be with Saher, whether right or wrong. The next Day, Saher's father talks to Karan in anger, and when Saher asks him, he replies that Viren told him everything. Saher speaks to Viren over the phone about lying to his parents, but he blackmails her about leaking her photos, which he took secretly on the Goa trip. Karan goes to Viren, and when Viren abuses Saher and Karan's mother, he thrashes him. Feeling insulted, Saher posts a video online of being eve-teased by Viren, who gets to know about this, goes to Saher's house and gets involved in a fight with her. The fight leads to Saher falling off the first floor. With Saher now in an unconscious condition, Viren's parents use political power to turn the case against Saher and beat up Karan.

Seeing Saher's condition deteriorate and her family suffering all the disrespect, Karan goes to Viren's house, beats him up, drags him to the hospital, and tells him to apologize to Saher. When he refuses, Karan chokes him, almost killing him, but Viren's mother asks him to leave him, and she apologizes to everyone.

Saher soon recovers from the accident, and in the end credits, Karan and Saher are shown as a happily married couple.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* Karan Deol as Karan Sehgal, Sahher’s boyfriend, later husband
* [[Sahher Bambba]] as Sahher Sethi Sehgal, Karan’s girlfriend, later wife
* [[Aakash Ahuja]] as Viren Narang, Saher's ex-boyfriend
* [[Simone Singh]] as Vandana Sethi (Saher's mother)
* [[Sachin Khedekar]] as Ajay Sethi (Saher's father)
* [[Kallirroi Tziafeta]] as Karan's mother
* Kamini Khanna as Saher's grandmother
* [[Meghna Malik]] as Central minister Ratna Narang, Viren's mother
* Arsh Wahi as Rohan Verma
* Rishi Singh as Saher's uncle
* Bhavna Aneja as Anuradha, Saher's aunt
* Ravi Dudeja as Natasha's Father
* Madhu Khandari as Natasha's Mother
* Ritika Thakur as Aditi Thakur (Karan's best friend)
* Akash Dhar as MP Sushant Narang, Viren's brother
* Nupur Nagpal as Natasha Sabharwal, Saher's childhood friend
* Kapil Negi as Vikram Thakur (Karan's mentor and Aditi's father)
* Suhani Sethi as Saachi Sethi (Saher's sister)
* Vijayant Kohli as Kapil Kumar Gupta
* [[Rahul Singh (actor)|Rahul Singh]] as Sachin
* Mannu Sandhu as Sushant's wife
* Pooja Katyal as Pooja, Viren's friend
* Diksha Bahl as Vaishali
* Reuben Israel as Viren's father
* [[Gram_Chikitsalay|Aayush Tiwari]] as Reporter
}}

==Production==
===Casting===
Over 400 girls were auditioned for Sahher's role.<ref name="B"/>

===Filming===
Principal photography began on 21 May 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sunny-deol-set-to-launch-karan-with-pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-starts-shooting/story-CS4ro5MplcMjXFU6qEcpbK.html |title=Sunny Deol set to launch Karan with Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas, starts shooting |website=The Hindustan Times |date=22 May 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> The film was mostly shot at various locations in the [[Pir Panjal Range|Pir Panjal]] Mountain Range covering [[Spiti Valley]], [[Kunzum Pass|Kunzum La]], [[Rohtang Pass|Rohtang La]], [[Tabo, Himachal Pradesh|Tabo]], [[Chandra Taal]], [[Kaza, Himachal Pradesh|Kaza]], [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Valley]] and [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali region]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]], while a substantial part was shot at locations in [[New Delhi]], including a racing car sequence at [[Buddh International Circuit]] in [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-when-dharmendra-surprised-sunny-deol-and-karan-deol-on-pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-sets-2608382|title=When Dharmendra surprised Sunny Deol and Karan Deol on 'Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas' sets|date=25 April 2018|work=dna|access-date=27 August 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Music and soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sachet–Parampara]] and [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{start date|2019|08|29|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas/F35tzads,xY_|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Pass – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=29 August 2019 |publisher=Jio Saavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 2018–2019
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 40:14
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|afVh5K1u_8c|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

The music for the film’s songs was composed by [[Sachet–Parampara]], [[Rishi Rich]] and [[Tanishk Bagchi]], and the lyrics of the songs were penned by [[Siddharth–Garima]]. The background score of the movie was done by [[Raju Singh]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 40:14
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aadha Bhi Zyaada
| extra1 = Hansraj Raghuwanshi<br>'''Rap:''' Karan Deol
| length1 = 3:01
| title2 = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas – Title Track
| extra2 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Sachet–Parampara|Parampara Thakur]]
| length2 = 4:14
| title3 = Ho Jaa Awara
| extra3 = [[Monali Thakur]], [[Ash King]]
| note3 = Music by: [[Tanishk Bagchi]]
| length3 = 3:50
| title4 = Ishaq Chaliya
| extra4 = Sachet Tandon, Parampara Thakur
| length4 = 4:34
| title5 = Dil Uda Patanga
| extra5 = Parampara Thakur, Sachet Tandon
| length5 = 4:27
| title6 = Maa Ka Mann
| extra6 = Parampara Thakur, Sachet Tandon
| length6 = 3:48
| title7 = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas – Celebration
| extra7 = Sachet Tandon, Parampara Thakur
| length7 = 3:56
| title8 = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas – Version 2
| extra8 = Sachet Tandon, Parampara Thakur
| length8 = 4:14
| title9 = Suun Le Rabb
| extra9 = Sachet Tandon
| length9 = 2:12
| title10 = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas
| extra10 = [[Palak Muchhal]]
| note10 = Palak Version
| length10 = 5:58
| all_writing =
}}

== Reception ==
The film received negative reviews from critics. On review aggregation site [[Rotten Tomatoes]], 20% of 5 critics' reviews are positive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pal_pal_dil_ke_paas|title = Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas| website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] }}</ref>

Monika Rawal Kukreja writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' noted that the film had done justice to its genre and praised Karan Deol and Sahher Bambba for their onscreen freshness. Also praising cinematography and music, she criticised the writing for lacking punch dialogues and effective humour. Concluding she opined, "''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas'' is definitely one of your run-of-the-mill love stories, but it makes you smile, cry, laugh and brings a sense of freshness."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-movie-review-debutants-karan-deol-sahher-bambba-bring-freshness-onscreen/story-NfC68v9cbCkZvqi1zTvRhI.html|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas movie review: Debutants Karan Deol, Sahher Bambba bring freshness onscreen|website=Hindustan Times|first=Monika|last=Rawal Kukreja|date=20 September 2019|access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref>

Gaurang Chauhan of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated it 2.5 stars out of 5, stated that "''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas'' is a visually stunning film with some good tunes but the movie somehow misses the mark due to its overlong length and a mediocre screenplay. Sahher Bambba impresses".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/reviews/movies/article/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-movie-review-sahher-bambba-shines-in-karan-deol-sunny-deols-visually-appealing-film/491319|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas Movie Review: Sahher Bambba shines in Sunny Deol's visually-appealing film|first=Gaurang|last=Chauhan|date=20 September 2019|access-date=20 September 2019|work=Times Now}}</ref>

Parina Taneja of ''[[India TV]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and opined, that it was a love story that failed to leave the audience with lingering moments. Agreeing with Chauhan, Taneja praised the performance of Bambba, direction and cinematography. Criticising screenplay and pace of the film she noted that music though melodious didn't add value to the film. Concluding, she wrote, "''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas'' is a one time watch only if you really want to enjoy the breathtaking visuals of Himachal Pradesh."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-movie-review-472|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas Movie Review: Sahher Bambba steals the show in Karan Deol's debut love drama|website=www.indiatvnews.com|date=20 September 2019 |language=en|access-date=3 October 2019}}</ref>

Further ''[[NDTV]]'' rated the movie 1 out of 5 and wrote "''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas'' lacks the freshness that one would expect from a film with a new romantic pair. The reason is obvious: the plot is as old, but not as sturdy, as the hills."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-movie-review-472|title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas Movie Review: Sahher Bambba steals the show in Karan Deol's debut love drama|date=20 September 2019|access-date=20 September 2019|work=India TV|first=Parina|last=Taneja}}</ref>

===Box office===
The film performed poorly at the box office, collecting {{INR}}10.03 crore against a {{INR}}30 crore budget.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/pal-pal-dil-ke-paas-box-office-collection-day-3-karan-deol-s-debut-film-is-a-flop-total-rs-4-42-crore/493599 |title=Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas Flops at the Box Office|website=Times Now|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> ''Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas'' collected {{INR}}1.15 crore on the opening day with a total opening weekend collection of {{INR}} 4.15 crore.<ref name="botop" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|6978954}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama movie|pal-pal-dil-ke-paas}}

[[Category:Films scored by Sachet–Parampara]]
[[Category:Films scored by Tanishk Bagchi]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]

Alappuzha–Chennai Express

2026-03-01T13:53:40Z

Ola22W86488:

{{short description|Express train service between Alappuzha and Chennai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox rail service
| box_width = 45em
| name = MGR Chennai Central Alappuzha Superfast Express
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Alleppy_express_cropped_2014-06-20_23-28.JPG
| image_width =480px
| caption = MGR Chennai Central Alleppey Superfast Express
| type = Superfast
| status = Operating
| locale = [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1966|04|01}}
| last =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| formeroperator= South Indian Railway
| ridership =Southern Railway
| start = {{stnlnk|Alappuzha}}
| stops = 23
| end = {{stnlnk|MGR Chennai Central}}
| distance = {{convert|747|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 13 hours, 40 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = AC 1st cum AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper class, Unreserved, SLR
| access = -
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = yes
| autorack =YES
| catering = Pantry car not available
| observation =
| entertainment=
| baggage = Below the seats
| otherfacilities= Toilets
| stock = [[ LHB coach]]
| gauge = Broad
| el = 100%
| speed = {{convert|65|km/h}}
| map = [[File:(Chennai–Alleppey) Express route map.png|290px|(Chennai–Alleppey) Express route map]]
| map_state = KERALA &TAMILNADU
}}

'''Alappuzha (Alleppey)–MGR Chennai Central Superfast Express''' is a class of Superfast Express train that runs daily from [[MGR Chennai Central]] to [[Alappuzha]]. It is one of the oldest trains in the [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] zone of the [[Indian Railways]].

==History==
The train began its life as the 41/42 Madras Central (MAS)–Cochin Terminus (CHTS) Kerala Express on 1 April 1966.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tables 10-11–SR – 1977TT|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/All_India_1977/All_India_1977_SR/Tables+10-11+-+SR+-+1977TT.JPG.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=chts1|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/Miscellaneous_Timetables/chts1.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> It was one of two new express trains introduced in the budget of [[Panampilly Govinda Menon|Panampilly Govindha Menon]] (though he did not present the budget) for southern railway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Panampilly Govinda Menon rail budget|url=https://14.139.13.47:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/168470/4/13_chapter5.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The other express train being the [[West Coast Express (India)|West Coast Express]]. It was the first diesel express train to run south of Madras (with an [[Diesel Loco Shed, Erode|Erode]] [[Indian locomotive class WDM-2|WDM-2]]). The scheduled departure from Cochin harbour terminus was at 08:00 pm and arrived in Madras Central at 10.00 am. The reverse train departed Madras central at 16:00 am and arrived at Cochin harbour terminus at 06:00 am (similar to timings of present-day Thiruvananthapuram -Chennai Express).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tables 10-11 – SR – 1977TT|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/All_India_1977/All_India_1977_SR/Tables+10-11+-+SR+-+1977TT.JPG.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Table 2A – SR – 1977TT|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/All_India_1977/All_India_1977_SR/Table+2A+-+SR+-+1977TT.JPG.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> It took much less time to reach Madras than the 19/20 mail (14 Hours vs 15 hours).<ref>{{Cite web|title=brad_60_Apr_p23|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/Miscellaneous_Timetables/brad_60_Apr_p23.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref>

Initially, the 41/42 express was to be extended to Thiruvananthapuram in 1978 but instead during 1979, the 19/20 mail was extended.<ref name="chts1 003">{{Cite web|title=chts1 003|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/Miscellaneous_Timetables/chts1+003.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1979_Madras___Cochin_Abstract|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/Miscellaneous_Timetables/1979_Madras___Cochin_Abstract.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> The 19/20 mail is the predecessor of the now [[Thiruvananthapuram Mail|Thiruvananthapuram–Chennai Central Mail.]] The 41/42 Express became the Cochin Express after its name "Kerala Express" was taken over by 125/126 [[Kerala Express|Thiruvananthapuram–New Delhi Express]].

The rake maintenance was done at Chennai Central. The train formerly used to have passenger quotas like {{stnlnk|Ongole}} quota, [[Navjeevan Express|Navjivan]] quota, [[Coromandel Express|Coromandel]] quota etc. for long-distance travel from Madras Central. In the 1980s the train got its stoppage removed from Coimbatore due to infrastructural constrains on the {{stnlnk|Irugur Junction}}–{{stnlnk|Coimbatore Junction}} line.<ref name="years">{{cite news|last1=V. S. Palaniappan|title=After 30 years, Alleppey express to halt at Coimbatore|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/after-30-years-alleppey-express-to-halt-at-coimbatore/article3447065.ece|accessdate=26 October 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 May 2012|location=[[Coimbatore]]}}</ref> By 1982, the timings of the train had been reversed. Departure from Cochin was moved to 04:05 pm and was to reach Madras at 06:50 in the morning.<ref>{{Cite web|title=chts-mas sl|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/chts_jimmy/chts-mas+sl.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=chts-mas sl1|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/chts_jimmy/chts-mas+sl1.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> The reverse Train departure from Madras was at 7:00 pm and arrival in Cochin at 10:00 am.<ref>{{Cite web|title=chts1 004|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/Miscellaneous_Timetables/chts1+004.jpg.html?|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref>

=== Extension to Alappuzha (1991–present) ===
During 1991, the historic train bid goodbye to Cochin Terminus as it was extended to the [[Ernakulam–Kayamkulam coastal line|newly inaugurated line]] to Alleppey. It was renumbered 6041/6042 in 1990.<ref name="chts1 003"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Untitled-1 copy|url=https://www.irfca.org/gallery/Heritage/timetables/Miscellaneous_Timetables/Untitled-1+copy.jpg.html?g2_imageViewsIndex=1|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> In 2004 the train was to be converted to Superfast express category numbered 2681/2682, but due to strong protests, the move was not implemented. It was again renumbered 16041/16042 in 2005.The Government of Kerala, in 2012, has officially asked an extension of this train to [[Kochuveli railway station|Vikram Sarabhai Terminal]] in the state capital of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] but the demand was never materialised and from 23 Sep 2012, the train reentered Coimbatore junction, after nearly a gap of 30 long years after the double line via Irugur was commissioned.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Palaniappan|first=V. s|date=2012-05-23|title=Chennai–Alleppey Express to have Coimbatore halt after 30 years|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/chennai-alleppey-express-to-have-coimbatore-halt-after-30-years/article3447671.ece|access-date=2020-05-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 16 Jun 2014, the First Class non AC coaches were removed and have been replaced by a 3A coach.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fc coaches removed|url=https://forum.irfca.org/threads/fc-removed-from-chennai-alleppey-and-chennai-trivandrum-express.32959/#post-227405}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The train was upgraded to Superfast express category from 13-07-2014 with new train numbers 22639/22640.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHANGE IN TRAIN NUMBERS – Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/1095170|last=Kohilan|first=Subawarana|website=India Rail Info|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref><ref name="indiarail_sched">{{cite web|title=Train Schedule|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/inet_trn_num.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429193316/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/inet_trn_num.html|archivedate=29 April 2011}}</ref>

The train's assigned number is 22639. The corresponding Chennai Superfast Express runs from Alleppey to Chennai (train number 22640).

==Coach composition ==
The train used to have all classes of accommodation, 1st AC, 2nd AC, 3rd AC, Sleeper class and General Sitting and now it shares its rake with the [[Chennai–Thiruvananthapuram Superfast Express]]{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#007F0E;" | Loco-WAP4 ERODE /ARAKKONAM
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" | 1
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:orange;" | 2
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 4
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 5
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 6
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 7
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 8
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 9
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 10
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 11
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:crimson;" | 12
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00FFFF;" | 13
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00FFFF;" | 14
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00FFFF;" | 15
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00FFFF;" | 16
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#00FFFF;" | 17
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 18
!19
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:lightskyblue;" | 20
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#B200FF;" | 21
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:orange;" | 22
! rowspan="1" scope="col" style="background:yellow;" | 23
|-
|[[File:BSicon_LDER.svg|10px]]|| SLR|| UR || || S10 || S9 || S8 || S7 || S6 || S5 || S4 || S3|| S2 || S1 | | || B2 || B1 || A1
|A2|| H1 |UR | | | SLR
|-
|}

[[File:Alappuzha–Chennai Express.jpg|thumb|Alappuzha–Chennai Express standing in [[Palakkad Junction]].]]

== Incidents ==

* Four people were killed and 49 injured on 6 December 1997 due to bomb blast when the [[Alappuzha]] bound train from [[Chennai]] reached [[Thrissur railway station]] {{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
* Four students, who were walking along the railway track near Coimbatore under the influence of liquor, were killed after being hit by a Chennai-bound express train.<ref>{{Cite web|title=4 Students Die in Tamil Nadu's Coimbatore After Getting Hit by a Train|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/4-students-dies-in-coimbatore-being-hit-by-train-2132677|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
There is a movie called ''[[Cochin Express]]'' in Malayalam which is film in the 41/42 express.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==See also==
*[[Thiruvananthapuram Mail]]
*[[Chennai Egmore–Guruvayur Express]]
*[[West Coast Express (India)|West Coast Express]]
*[[Kerala Express]]
*[[Cheran Superfast Express]]
*[[Nilgiri Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/map/34/35/54 Alleppey Express Route]

{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chennai Central-Alappuzha Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]

Uchagaon

2026-02-18T07:58:00Z

Ola22W86488: slightly refine section as per guidelines and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Uchagaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.88|N|74.56|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Belgaum
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7716
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 591128
| postal_code = 591128
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city Belgaum
| blank1_info_sec1 = Belgaum
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|dry]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Uchagaon '''is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref name="censusindia">Village code= 59800 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-18}}</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoomaps India : Uchagaon, Belgaum, Karnataka|accessdate=2008-12-18|archive-date=3 April 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403060944/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is located in the [[Belgaum]] [[taluk]] of [[Belagavi district|Belgaum district]] in Karnataka, and is the last village towards [[Maharashtra]].

Malekrni Devi temple is famous in the village.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Uchagaon had a population of 7716 with 3937 males and 3779 females.<ref name="censusindia" />

==See also==
* [[Belgaum]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://Belgaum.nic.in/

{{Settlements in Belgaum district}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{BelgaumTaluk-geo-stub}}

Ranadhir Reddy

2026-02-15T11:13:23Z

Ola22W86488: new new details needs work

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ranadhir Reddy
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2007–present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Ranadhir Reddy''' is an Indian actor working in Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/100217/good-times-for-ranadhir-reddy.html|title = Good times for Ranadhir Reddy|date = 10 February 2017}}</ref> He made his debut as an actor with Shekar Kammula's film ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' in 2007.

==Career==
In 2007, Reddy attended an audition for a [[Sekhar Kammula]]'s ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' in which Reddy played a haughty character . Reddy later acted in negative roles in several films including [[Mr.Medhavi|''Mr. Medhavi'']], ''[[Yuvatha]]'', ''[[Baanam]]'', ''[[Pilla Zamindar]]'', ''[[Aadu Magaadra Bujji]]'', ''[[Adda (2013 film)|Adda]]'' and ''[[Subramanyam for Sale]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-baanam.html|title=Baanam film review — Telugu cinema Review — Nara Rohith & Vedika|publisher=}}</ref><ref>https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130217/turn-bad-earn-good-money.html</ref>

During this period, he made his lead debut with ''[[April Fool (2014 film)|April Fool]]'' (2014) although it was marketed as a Jagapathi Babu-Bhumika Chawla starrer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/april-fool/movie-review/34966891.cms|title=April Fool Movie Review {1/5}: Critic Review of April Fool |work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|2007
| ''[[Happy Days (2007 film)|Happy Days]]'' || Naveen
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2008 || ''[[Mr.Medhavi]]'' || Rakesh
|
|-
|''[[Kantri]]''
|Kantri's friend
|
|-
| ''[[Yuvatha]]'' || Ajay
|
|-
|2009 || ''[[Baanam]]'' || Shakthi Patnaik
|
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Om Shanti (film)|Om Shanti]]'' || Akbar
|<ref>https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-omshanti.html</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2011
|''[[Mr. Perfect (film)|Mr Perfect]]''
|Vicky's friend
|
|-
|''[[Vykuntapali]]''
|Michael
|
|-
| ''[[Pilla Zamindar]]'' || Ammiraju
|
|-
| ''[[Priyudu]]'' || Vara Prasad ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2013 || ''Breakup'' || Vikky
|
|-
| ''[[Adda (2013 film)|Adda]]'' ||style="text-align: center;"|
|
|-
| ''[[Aadu Magaadra Bujji]]'' || Cherry
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014 || ''[[Basanti (2014 film)|Basanti]]'' ||style="text-align: center;"|
|
|-
| ''Poga'' ||style="text-align: center;"| ||
|-
| ''[[April Fool (2014 film)|April Fool]]'' || Kakki
| Lead role
|-
| rowspan="4"|2015 || ''Ramudu Manchi Baludu'' ||style="text-align: center;"|
|-
| ''Zindagi'' ||style="text-align: center;"| ||
|-
| ''Dhanalakshmi Thalupu Thadithe''
|Ranadhir
|
|-
| ''[[Subramanyam for Sale]]'' || Abhi
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2016 || ''[[Dhruva (2016 film)|Dhruva]]'' || Karan IPS
|
|-
|''[[Srirastu Subhamastu]]''
|style="text-align: center;"|
|
|-
|''[[Seethamma Andalu Ramayya Sitralu]]''|| Seethamalakshmi's brother
|
|-
| 2017|| ''Showtime''||style="text-align: center;"|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2019 || ''[[Maharshi (2019 film)|Maharshi]]'' || Rahul
|
|-
| ''[[Kathanam]]'' || ACP Randhir
|-
| ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' || Narsi Reddy
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Sudipta Sengupta

2026-02-12T02:57:49Z

Ola22W86488: new basic entry basic info

{{short description|Indian geologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sudipta Sengupta
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|8|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| fields = [[Structural geology]]
Precambrian Geology
| workplaces = [[Jadavpur University]]
| alma_mater = [[Jadavpur University]]
| thesis_title = 
| thesis_url = 
| thesis_year = 
| doctoral_advisor = Subir Kumar Ghosh
| academic_advisors = Janet Watson<br>John Ramsay<br>Hans Ramberg
| awards = [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], 1991
| signature = 
| website = 
| spouse = 
| education = Jadavpur University
| partner = 
}}

'''Sudipta Sengupta''' (born 20 August 1946) is a professor in [[structural geology]] in [[Jadavpur University]], [[Calcutta]], India, and a trained [[mountaineer]]. She is one of the first Indian women (along with [[Aditi Pant]]) to set foot on Antarctica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww.itimes.com/discussion/smart-women-scientist-who-made-india-proud-dr-aditi-pant|title=Smart Women Scientist who made India proud - Dr. Aditi Pant|date=2015-05-18|website=ww.itimes.com|access-date=2016-06-05}}</ref> She is also popularly known in India for her book ''Antarctica'' in Bengali and numerous articles and television interviews on geosciences.<ref name=":0" /> She has published extensively in international peer-reviewed journals of structural geology. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded her the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for her contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 1991.

== Early life ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
Sengupta was the youngest daughter of three, born to Jyoti Ranjan Sengupta and Pushpa Sengupta in Calcutta, India. Her father was a [[meteorologist]] and their family spent a lot of time in both India and Nepal.

She says she "comes from the land of Durga. We worship Durga and as a child, I believed that she lived in Kailash. Now, I know that Durga lives in us, in all women."

== Early career ==
Sudipta Sengupta graduated from [[Jadavpur University]] with top honors in both the [[B.Sc.]] and [[M.Sc.]] examinations. She obtained her [[Ph.D.]] degree from Jadavpur University in 1972 under the supervision of [[Subir Kumar Ghosh|Dr. Subir Kumar Ghosh]]. She worked as a geologist in the Geological Survey of India between 1970 and 1973. In 1973, she received the prestigious scholarship of the [[Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851]] from U.K. and carried out post-doctoral research work for the next three years at the [[Imperial College]], [[London]]. In 1977 she joined the Institute of Geology of [[Uppsala University]], Sweden as a docent for six months and thereafter carried out research as a visiting scientist in connection with the [[International Geodynamics Project]] which was supervised by Professor [[Hans Ramberg]]. On her return to India in 1979, she joined the Geological Survey of India as a Senior Geologist. In 1982, she joined Jadavpur University as a lecturer and retired as a Professor.<ref name=":0">Sengupta, Sudipta. ''Antarctica''. Ananda Publisher, 1989, {{ISBN|81-7066-091-2}}</ref>

Sengupta recounts that "for the first 15 years of my life, there were hardly any women in the class - in most of the years none." She talks about the fact that the university wasn't prepared to accommodate women during field-trips. Conditions didn't improve until 1996, Sengupta says "In our times, it was terrible. We stayed in dharamshalas and sometimes huts." Sengupta also talks about the fact that in some ways it was better in her days. She went on her PhD studied alone and traveled to remote places with "bad roads and no communication, but never felt unsafe" but that these days she "wouldn't dare to send a girl alone for field work."
<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/192027/antarctica-india-lab-women-science-research-work-photos/|title=Exclusive: From Physicists to Geologists, Meet 6 Amazing Antarctic Women of India|last=Doney|first=Anjali|date=August 20, 2019|website=The Better India|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/the-sciences/sudipta-sengupta-structural-geology-jadavpur-university-chandrima-shaha-insa|title=Sudipta Sengupta's Journey in Geology to the Ends of the Earth|last=Aishwarya|first=Tripathi|date=November 2, 2019|website=The Wire|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/audio/the-sandip-roy-show/breaking-the-glass-ceiling-in-geology-ft-dr-sudipta-sengupta|title=Breaking the Glass Ceiling in Geology|last=Roy|first=Sandip|date=October 30, 2024|website=Indian Express|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Mountaineering ==
Sudipta Sengupta is an expert mountaineer and was trained in Advanced Mountaineering by [[Tenzing Norgay]] in the [[Himalayan Mountaineering Institute]]. Tenzing Norgay was one of the first two men to scale Mt Everest in 1953. She has participated in numerous mountaineering expeditions in India and Europe, including an unnamed virgin peak in the [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul Region]], which they later named Mount Lalana<ref>[https://dialogue.earth/en/nature/the-ascent-of-lalana-triumph-and-tragedy/ The ascent of Lalana: triumph and tragedy]</ref>

Sengupta remembers that her field work taught her much. She says "people are the same everywhere. They are basically good and helpful" even if "to seen an Indian girl moving around with a hammer was very new for them."<ref name=":1" />

== Antarctic expedition and research ==
In 1983, Sudipta Sengupta was selected as a member of the [[Third Indian Expedition to Antarctica]] and conducted pioneering geological studies in the [[Schirmacher Hills]] of East Antarctica. Sudipta and Dr. Aditi Pant, a Marine Biologist were the first women scientist from India to take part in Antarctic Expedition.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Chaturvedi| first=Arun| title=Indian Women in Antarctic Expeditions: A Historical Perspective| journal=Department of Ocean Development, Technical Publication| year=2004| volume=17| pages=277–279}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Tiwari| first=Anju| title=Story of Antarctica| year=2008| publisher=National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research| location=Goa| isbn=978-81-906526-0-5}}</ref> In 1989 she visited Antarctica for the second time as a member of the [[Ninth Indian Expedition to Antarctica]]. Her work in the [[Schirmacher Hills]] is of fundamental importance as it became the basis of further research in that area. In the major part of her research in structural geology, Professor Sudipta Sengupta has combined geological field studies with laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses. Apart from doing structural field studies in varied terrain, including the [[Precambrian]] structures of Peninsular India, the [[Scottish Highlands]], the Scandinavian [[Caledonides]] and East Antarctica.

She talks about her experience in Antarctica and says that the Geology prejudices extended to that land as well. She says "Antarctica was also a male bastion, women scientists weren't allowed there before 1956." She remembers men joking that a woman couldn't go without a beauty parlor in Antarctica. In 1982 she applied to join an Indian Expedition to Antarctica but her application was rejected because she was a woman. She was later taken on expeditions in 1982 and 1989.<ref name=":1" />

On both expeditions, she traveled on ships taking a month to get there. Once they were on land, the crew had to work during blizzards and a Sun that never set. In the days that she went to Antarctica, India only had one base station — Dakshin Gangotri, which now is not in function and is fully submerged in ice. The Maitri station was already up and running by then in Schirmacher Oasis in East Antarctica and is still an active research base.<ref name=":2" />

== Publications and awards ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
Professor Sengupta has published numerous papers in Indian as well as international journals. She has edited a book with contributions by renowned structural geologists and also authored a book on her travels and work in Antarctica which has become a best seller in West Bengal. She was awarded the [[Bhatnagar Award]] for excellence in science by the Government of India. She is a Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]]. Professor Sengupta also received the [[National Mineral Award]] and the [[Antarctica Award]] from the Government of India, along with numerous other awards like the Profession and Career Award of the Lady Study Group.

Professor Sengupta was part of a forum titled 'Women in Science and Technology' at the India International Centre in New Delhi. It was acknowledged that Sengupta was a geologist during the 80s, a time when women were discouraged from taking part in any field work. Sengupta was a guest speaker during the event and began by quoting Eleanor Roosevelt: "The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams."

== See also ==
* [[Kshitindramohan Naha]]
* [[Timeline of women in science]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sengupta, Sudipta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women geologists]]
[[Category:Bengali scientists]]
[[Category:Indian women earth scientists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jadavpur University]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian female mountain climbers]]
[[Category:Indian mountain climbers]]
[[Category:Indian Antarctic Programme]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Women Antarctic scientists]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian earth scientists]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]
[[Category:Women scientists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences]]
[[Category:1946 births]]

2015 Indian Super League

2026-02-07T02:38:24Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Short description|2nd season of the Indian Super League}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Indian Super League]]
| season = [[2015–16 in Indian football|2015]]
| dates = 3 October – 20 December
| image =
| pixels =
| caption =
| winners = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br/>(1st title)
| matches = 61
| total goals = 186
| league topscorer = [[Stiven Mendoza]]<br/>(13 goals)
| biggest home win = {{nobreak|[[FC Goa|Goa]] 7–0 [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]}}<br />(17 November 2015)
| best goalkeeper = [[Apoula Edel]]<br />(90 mins per goal)
| biggest away win = {{nobreak|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] 1–5 [[FC Goa|Goa]]}}<br />(29 November 2015)
| highest scoring = {{nobreak|[[FC Goa|Goa]] 7–0 [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]}}<br />(17 November 2015)
| longest wins = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br />(5 games)
| longest unbeaten = [[Atlético de Kolkata]], [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]], [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]<br />(5 games)
| longest winless = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]<br />(8 games)
| longest losses = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]], [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]<br />(4 games)
| highest attendance = 68,340<br />{{nobreak|[[Atlético de Kolkata]] 2–1 [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]}}<br /><small>(16 December)</small>
| lowest attendance = 7,965<br />{{nobreak|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] 3–0 [[Atletico de Kolkata]]}}<br /><small>(12 December) (played in Pune)</small>
|attendance=1,653,808| average attendance = 27,111
| prevseason = [[2014 Indian Super League|2014]]
| nextseason = [[2016 Indian Super League|2016]]
}}

The '''2015 Hero Indian Super League''' was the second season of the [[Indian Super League]], a professional [[association football|football]] league played in [[India]] since 2014. The season featured eight teams. The regular season kicked off on 3 October and ended on 6 December, while the finals began on 11 December, which will conclude with the final match on 20 December.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Super League Schedule|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/isl-2015/schedules-fixtures|website=Indian Super League|access-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912044453/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/isl-2015/schedules-fixtures|archive-date=2015-09-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> The defending champions [[Atlético de Kolkata]] were eliminated in the semi-finals by [[Chennaiyin FC]]. The [[2015 Indian Super League final|final]] was played between [[FC Goa|Goa]] and Chennaiyin on 20 December 2015 at the [[Fatorda Stadium]] in [[Goa]]. Chennayin were crowned as champions defeating Goa 3–2 in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-final-chennaiyin-fc-snatch-victory-from-the-jaws-of-defeat-to-beat-goa-3-2-in-thriller-2553270.html|title=ISL Final: Chennaiyin FC snatch victory from the jaws of defeat to beat Goa 3-2 in thriller|publisher=Firstpost|date=20 December 2015|access-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221035105/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-final-chennaiyin-fc-snatch-victory-from-the-jaws-of-defeat-to-beat-goa-3-2-in-thriller-2553270.html|archive-date=21 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/3495-chennai-beat-goa-in-a-3-2-thriller-to-become-hero-isl-2015-champions|title=Chennai beat Goa in a 3-2 thriller to become Hero ISL 2015 champions|publisher=ISL|date=20 December 2015|access-date=20 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085827/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/3495-chennai-beat-goa-in-a-3-2-thriller-to-become-hero-isl-2015-champions|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Teams==
{{location map+ |India
|float=right
|width=350
|alt=Locations of the ISL Teams
|caption=Locations of the ISL Teams
|places=
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.56972 |long=88.36972 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|[[Atlético de Kolkata]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=13.08389 |long=80.27000 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=15.49300 |long=73.81800 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[FC Goa|Goa]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.97500 |long=72.82583 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.47361 |long=73.79778 |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nobreak|[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=26.11|long=91.44|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]}}</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=28.3636|long=77.1348|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]}}</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=9.97|long=76.28|label= <div style="font-size:100%;">{{nobreak|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]}}</div>|position=right}}
}}

===Stadiums and locations===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Team
! City/State
! Stadium
! Capacity
|-
| [[Atlético de Kolkata]]
| [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]
| [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|68,000}}
|-
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|40,000}}
|-
| [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
| [[Delhi]]
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|60,000}}
|-
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[Margao]], [[Goa]]
| [[Fatorda Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|19,500}}
|-
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]]
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|60,000}}
|-
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| [[DY Patil Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|55,000}}
|-
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]
| [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|35,000}}
|-
| [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
| [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex|Balewadi Stadium]]
| style="text-align:center"| {{Nts|12,000}}
|}

===Personnel and sponsorship===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Team
! Head coach
! Captains
! Kit manufacture
! Shirt sponsors
|-
|[[Atlético de Kolkata]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Antonio López Habas]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Borja Fernández (footballer, born 1981)|Borja Fernandez]]
| Nivia
| [[Birla Tyres]]
|-
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Marco Materazzi]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Elano Blumer]]
| [[TYKA Sports|TYKA]]
| Ozone Group
|-
|[[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Carlos]]
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Hans Mulder]]
| [[Puma SE|Puma]]
| EKANA Sportz City
|-
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Zico (footballer)|Zico]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]]
| [[Adidas]]
| Prime Markets
|-
|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Terry Phelan]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Ramage]]
| [[Puma SE|Puma]]
| [[Muthoot Pappachan Group|Muthoot Group]]
|-
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nicolas Anelka]]
| {{flagicon|HAI}} [[Frantz Bertin]]
| [[Puma SE|Puma]]
| ACE Group
|-
|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| {{flagicon|VEN}} [[César Farías]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cédric Hengbart]]
| Performax
| [[HTC]]
|-
|[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Platt (footballer)|David Platt]]
| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[Didier Zokora]]
| [[Adidas]]
| Fair and Handsome
|}

===Managerial changes===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Team
!Outgoing manager
!Manner of departure
!Date of vacancy
!Position in table
!Incoming manager
!Date of appointment
|-
| Kerala Blasters
| {{sort|James, David|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David James (footballer, born 1970)|David James]]}}
| Contract finished
| 20 December 2014
| rowspan=5 align="center"|''Pre-Season''
| {{sort|Taylor, Peter|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Taylor (footballer, born 1953)|Peter Taylor]]}}
| 9 May 2015<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala Blasters appoint Peter Taylor as marquee manager|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/Kerala-Blasters-appoint-Peter-Taylor-as-marquee-manager/articleshow/47202666.cms|access-date=10 May 2015|work=Times of India|date=9 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808021132/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/Kerala-Blasters-appoint-Peter-Taylor-as-marquee-manager/articleshow/47202666.cms|archive-date=8 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Pune City
| {{sort|Colomba, Franco|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Franco Colomba]]}}
| Contract finished
| 20 December 2014
| {{sort|Platt, David|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[David Platt (footballer)|David Platt]]}}
| 27 May 2015<ref>{{cite news|last1=Suchindran|first1=Aravind|title=Platt in the City|url=http://www.punemirror.in/sports/others/Platt-in-the-City/articleshow/47434407.cms|access-date=27 May 2015|work=Pune Mirror|date=27 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527070052/http://www.punemirror.in/sports/others/Platt-in-the-City/articleshow/47434407.cms|archive-date=27 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| NorthEast United
| {{sort|Herbert, Ricki|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Ricki Herbert]]}}
| Contract finished
| 20 December 2014
| {{sort|Farías, César|{{flagicon|VEN}} [[César Farías]]}}
| 1 July 2015<ref>{{cite news|title=NorthEast United FC rope in former Venezuela coach Cesar Farias|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2015-northeast-united-fc-rope-former-venezuela-coach-cesar-farias-2321540.html|access-date=1 July 2015|work=FirstPost|date=1 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702233202/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2015-northeast-united-fc-rope-former-venezuela-coach-cesar-farias-2321540.html|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Mumbai City
| {{sort|Reid, Peter|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Reid]]}}
| Contract finished
| 20 December 2014
| {{sort|Anelka, Nicolas|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nicolas Anelka]]}}
| 3 July 2015<ref>{{cite news|title=Nicolas Anelka to be Mumbai City FC's marquee player-cum-manager|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2015-nicolas-anelka-mumbai-city-fcs-marquee-player-cum-manager-2325422.html|access-date=3 July 2015|work=FirstPost|date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705234315/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2015-nicolas-anelka-mumbai-city-fcs-marquee-player-cum-manager-2325422.html|archive-date=5 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Delhi Dynamos
| {{sort|van Veldhoven, Harm|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Harm van Veldhoven]]}}
| Contract finished
| 20 December 2014
| {{sort|Carlos, Roberto|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Carlos]]}}
| 5 July 2015<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chandra|first1=Shikharr|title=Delhi Dynamos announce the signing of Roberto Carlos as head coach|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/05/13295252/official-delhi-dynamos-announce-the-signing-of-roberto-carlos-as-|access-date=5 July 2015|work=Goal.com|date=5 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707171521/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/05/13295252/official-delhi-dynamos-announce-the-signing-of-roberto-carlos-as-|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Kerala Blasters
| {{sort|Taylor, Peter|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Taylor (footballer, born 1953)|Peter Taylor]]}}
| Mutual consent
| 27 October 2015
| align="center"|8th
| {{sort|Morgan, Trevor|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Trevor Morgan (footballer)|Trevor Morgan]]}}
| 27 October 2015<ref>{{cite news|title=ISL: Peter Taylor quits as Kerala Blasters coach after 4th loss on trot|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/2015-indian-super-league-season/isl-peter-taylor-quits-as-kerala-blasters-coach-after-4th-loss-on-trot_1815613.html|access-date=28 October 2015|work=Zee News|agency=Zee|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031004541/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/football/2015-indian-super-league-season/isl-peter-taylor-quits-as-kerala-blasters-coach-after-4th-loss-on-trot_1815613.html|archive-date=31 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Kerala Blasters
| {{sort|Morgan, Trevor|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Trevor Morgan (footballer)|Trevor Morgan]]}}
| Interim manager
| 1 November 2015
| align="center"|8th
| {{sort|Phelan, Terry|{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Terry Phelan]]}}
| 1 November 2015<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala Blasters appoint Terry Phelan as head coach|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/kerala-blasters-appoints-terry-phelan-as-head-coach/article7829794.ece|access-date=1 November 2015|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310184728/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/kerala-blasters-appoints-terry-phelan-as-head-coach/article7829794.ece|archive-date=10 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Roster changes===
{{Main|List of 2015 Indian Super League season roster changes}}

===Marquee players===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
! Team
! Marquee
|-
| {{nobreak|[[Atlético de Kolkata]]}}
| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Hélder Postiga]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Postiga signs with Atletico de Kolkata|url=https://twitter.com/atletidekolkata/status/626288471036956672|access-date=29 July 2015|work=Atletico de Kolkata (Twitter)|date=29 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012447/https://twitter.com/atletidekolkata/status/626288471036956672|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{nobreak|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Elano]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bera|first1=Kaustav|title=Elano Blumer retained by Chennaiyin FC for the second edition of ISL|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2015/06/17/12816792/elano-blumer-retained-by-chennaiyin-fc-for-the-second-edition-of-|access-date=17 June 2015|work=Goal.com|date=17 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150424/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2015/06/17/12816792/elano-blumer-retained-by-chennaiyin-fc-for-the-second-edition-of-|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{nobreak|[[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Carlos (footballer)|Roberto Carlos]]
|-
| {{nobreak|[[FC Goa|Goa]]}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Lucio joins FC Goa as marquee|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/06/07/12499742/fc-goa-sign-lucio-as-marquee-player|access-date=8 June 2015|work=Goal.com|date=7 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609020031/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/06/07/12499742/fc-goa-sign-lucio-as-marquee-player|archive-date=9 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{nobreak|[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]}}
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Carlos Marchena]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jitendran|first1=Nikhil|title=Taylor reveals Kerala Blasters' ISL preparations going well|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2015/09/19/15515362/indian-super-league-taylor-reveals-kerala-blasters-isl|access-date=22 September 2015|work=Goal.com|date=19 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920070901/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2015/09/19/15515362/indian-super-league-taylor-reveals-kerala-blasters-isl|archive-date=20 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{nobreak|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]}}
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nicolas Anelka]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Mumbai City FC re-sign Nicolas Anelka|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sports/Football/Indian-Super-League/Top-Stories/Mumbai-City-FC-re-sign-Nicolas-Anelka/articleshow/47600948.cms|access-date=9 June 2015|work=Times of India|date=9 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118005725/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Sports/Football/Indian-Super-League/Top-Stories/Mumbai-City-FC-re-sign-Nicolas-Anelka/articleshow/47600948.cms|archive-date=18 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{nobreak|[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]}}
| {{flagicon|POR}} [[Simão Sabrosa]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Portugal's Euro 2004 finalist Simao Sabrosa signs for NorthEast United |url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-portugals-euro-2004-finalist-simao-sabrosa-signs-northeast-united-2312244.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154920/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-portugals-euro-2004-finalist-simao-sabrosa-signs-northeast-united-2312244.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=25 June 2015 |work=FirstPost |date=25 June 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| {{nobreak|[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]}}
| {{flagicon|ROU}} [[Adrian Mutu]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Adrian Mutu joins Pune City as Indian Super League club's marquee signing|url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/2543577/adrian-mutu-signs-for-indan-super-league-club-fc-pune-city|access-date=2 August 2015|work=ESPN FC|date=31 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803214159/http://www.espnfc.com/story/2543577/adrian-mutu-signs-for-indan-super-league-club-fc-pune-city|archive-date=3 August 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Foreign players==
Besides the marquee player, each Indian Super League side must sign at least eight foreign players with the maximum capped at 10.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title=ISL sets Rs. 20 crore salary cap for 2015|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/isl-sets-rs-20-crore-salary-cap-for-2015/article6975168.ece|access-date=7 August 2015|work=The Hindu|date=9 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227170116/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/isl-sets-rs-20-crore-salary-cap-for-2015/article6975168.ece|archive-date=27 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:170px;"| Atlético de Kolkata (10)
! style="width:170px;"| Chennaiyin (10)
! style="width:170px;"| Delhi Dynamos (10)
! style="width:170px;"| Goa (9)
|-
| {{flagicon|SRB}} [[Dejan Lekić]]<br />{{flagicon|BOT}} [[Ofentse Nato]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Borja Fernández (footballer, born 1981)|Borja Fernández]]<br />{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jaime Gavilán]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Tiri (footballer)|Tiri]]<br />{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Sameehg Doutie]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Calatayud]]<br />{{flagicon|CPV}} [[Valmiro Lopes Rocha|Valdo]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jorge Alonso (footballer)|Jorge Alonso]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Mendy]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Bruno Pelissari]]<br />{{flagicon|ETH}} [[Fikru Teferra]]<br />{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Apoula Edel]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Éder Monteiro Fernandes|Éder]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Raphael Augusto]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Mailson Alves]]<br />{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Manuele Blasi]]<br />{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Potenza]]<br />{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Hans Mulder]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gustavo Marmentini]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Anderson Sebastião Cardoso|Chicão]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Florent Malouda]]<br />{{flagicon|NOR}} [[John Arne Riise]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Adil Nabi]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Toni Doblas]]<br />{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Richard Gadze]]<br />{{flagicon|NED}} [[Serginho Greene]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Vinícius Ferreira de Souza|Vinícius]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Grégory Arnolin]]<br />{{flagicon|POR}} [[Elinton Andrade]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Reinaldo da Cruz Oliveira|Reinaldo]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jofre Mateu|Jofre]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Leonardo da Silva Moura|Leo Moura]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Jonatan Lucca]]<br />{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luciano Sabrosa]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Coelho]]
|-
! style="width:170px;"| Kerala Blasters (10)
! style="width:170px;"| Mumbai City (9)
! style="width:170px;"| NorthEast United (10)
! style="width:170px;"| Pune City (10)
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chris Dagnall]]<br />{{flagicon|POR}} [[João Coimbra]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Bruno Perone]]<br />{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rodrigo Arroz]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Ramage]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Antonio German]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Josué Currais Prieto|Josu]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Marcus Williams (footballer)|Marcus Williams]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Bywater]]
| {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Darren O'Dea]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Aguilera Núñez|Juan Aguilera]]<br />{{flagicon|HTI}} [[Sony Norde]]<br />{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Pavel Čmovš]]<br />{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Selim Benachour]]<br />{{flagicon|HAI}} [[Frantz Bertin]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cristian Bustos]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Frédéric Piquionne]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Aitor Fernández López|Aitor]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Cédric Hengbart]]<br />{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Bruno Herrero Arias|Bruno]]<br />{{flagicon|POR}} [[Silas (Portuguese footballer)|Silas]]<br />{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Diomansy Kamara]]<br />{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicolás Vélez]]<br />{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Gennaro Bracigliano]]<br />{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Francis Dadzie]]<br />{{flagicon|CMR}} [[André Bikey]]<br />{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Javier López]]<br />{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Victor Mendy]]
| {{flagicon|CRC}} [[Yendrick Ruiz]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Simonsen]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nicky Shorey]]<br />{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Didier Zokora]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[James Bailey (footballer)|James Bailey]]<br />{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Tuncay (footballer)|Tuncay]]<br />{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Roger Johnson (footballer)|Roger Johnson]]<br />{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Diego Colotto]]<br />{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Kalu Uche]]<br />{{flagicon|NED}} [[Wesley Verhoek]]
|}

==Regular season==
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|show_limit=5
|res_col_header=QR
|team1=GOA|name_GOA=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|team2=KOL|name_KOL=[[Atlético de Kolkata]]
|team3=CHE|name_CHE=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|team4=DYN|name_DYN=[[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|team5=NEU|name_NEU=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|team6=MUM|name_MUM=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|team7=PUN|name_PUN=[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|team8=KER|name_KER=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|win_GOA=7|draw_GOA=4|loss_GOA=3|gf_GOA=29|ga_GOA=20
|win_KOL=7|draw_KOL=2|loss_KOL=5|gf_KOL=26|ga_KOL=17
|win_CHE=7|draw_CHE=1|loss_CHE=6|gf_CHE=25|ga_CHE=15
|win_DYN=6|draw_DYN=4|loss_DYN=4|gf_DYN=18|ga_DYN=20
|win_NEU=6|draw_NEU=2|loss_NEU=6|gf_NEU=18|ga_NEU=23
|win_MUM=4|draw_MUM=4|loss_MUM=6|gf_MUM=16|ga_MUM=26
|win_PUN=4|draw_PUN=3|loss_PUN=7|gf_PUN=17|ga_PUN=23
|win_KER=3|draw_KER=4|loss_KER=7|gf_KER=22|ga_KER=27
|status_CHE= C
|col_SF=green1|text_SF=Advance to [[2015 Indian Super League playoffs#Semi-finals|ISL Play-offs]]
|result1=SF|result2=SF|result3=SF|result4=SF
|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
|update=complete
|source=[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/standings Indian Super League standings]
}}</onlyinclude>

==Playoffs==
{{main|2015 Indian Super League playoffs}}

===Bracket===
{{trim|{{#section-h:2015 Indian Super League playoffs|Bracket}}}}

==Statistics==
{{See also|Indian Super League records and statistics}}{{updated|match played on 20 December 2015}}
:''Source: [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/stats Indian Super League website]''

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Scoring===
====Top scorers====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|13
|-
|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|align="left"|Atlético de Kolkata
|11
|-
|rowspan="2"|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Reinaldo da Cruz Oliveira|Reinaldo]]
|align="left"|Goa
|rowspan="2"|7
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|-
|rowspan="3"|5
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GRN}} [[Antonio German]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|rowspan="3"|6
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chris Dagnall]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|-
|rowspan="2"|8
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicolás Vélez]]
|align="left"|NorthEast United
|rowspan="2"|5
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arata Izumi]]
|align="left"|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Top Indian scorers====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|1
|align="left"|[[Sunil Chhetri]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|7
|-
|2
|align="left"|[[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|6
|-
|3
|align="left"|[[Arata Izumi]]
|align="left"|Atlético de Kolkata
|5
|-
|rowspan="3"|4
|align="left"|[[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]
|align="left"|Delhi Dynamos
|rowspan="3"|4
|-
|align="left"|[[Thongkhosiem Haokip]]
|align="left"|Goa
|-
|align="left"|[[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Mohammed Rafi]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|-
|7
|align="left"|[[Mandar Rao Desai]]
|align="left"|Goa
|3
|-
|rowspan="2"|8
|align="left"|[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]
|align="left"|Pune City
|rowspan="2"|2
|-
|align="left"|[[Romeo Fernandes]]
|align="left"|Goa
|}
{{col-end}}

====Hat-tricks====
{{see also|List of Indian Super League hat-tricks}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Player
!For
!Against
!Result
!Date
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|align="left"|Goa
|4–0
|11 October 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|align="left"|NorthEast United
|5–1
|28 October 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|align="left"|Atlético de Kolkata
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|4–1
|1 November 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]]
|align="left"|Goa
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|7–0
|17 November 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thongkhosiem Haokip]]
|align="left"|Goa
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|7–0
|17 November 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|4–1
|21 November 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|align="left"|Atlético de Kolkata
|align="left"|Pune City
|4–1
|27 November 2015
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Reinaldo da Cruz Oliveira|Reinaldo]]
|align="left"|Goa
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|5–1
|29 November 2015
|}

===Assists===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Assists
!Ref
|-
| 1
| ?
| ?
| align=center| ?
|
|}

===Clean Sheets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Rank
!Player
!Club
!Clean sheets
|-
|1
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Apoula Edel]]
|align="left"|Chennaiyin
|6
|-
|2
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rehenesh TP]]
|align="left"|NorthEast United
|4
|-
|rowspan="3"|3
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subrata Pal]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|rowspan="3"|3
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Toni Doblas]]
|align="left"|Delhi Dynamos
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Laxmikant Kattimani]]
|align="left"|Goa
|-
|rowspan="2"|6
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Steve Simonsen]]
|align="left"|Pune City
|rowspan="2"|2
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Stephen Bywater]]
|align="left"|Kerala Blasters
|-
|rowspan="4"|8
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjiban Ghosh]]
|align="left"|Delhi Dynamos
|rowspan="4"|1
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Elinton Andrade]]
|align="left"|Goa
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Debjit Majumder]]
|align="left"|Mumbai City
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
|align="left"|Atlético de Kolkata

|}

==Attendance==
{{updated|matches played on 20 December 2015}}
:Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20151022164505/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/isl-2015/awards Indian Super League website]


===Average home attendances===
:''Note: Table lists in order of average attendance.''

{{fb a header}}
{{fb a2 team|p=1|t=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|s=364054|h=62087|l=32313|a=52008|pr=49111}}


{{fb a2 team|p=2|t=[[Atlético de Kolkata]]|s=405659|h=68340|l=35437|a=50707|pr=45171}}


{{fb a2 team|p=3|t=[[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]|s=172115|h=30319|l=15123|a=24588|pr=27614}}


{{fb a2 team|p=4|t=[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]|s=159372|h=29923|l=12636|a=22767|pr=22095}}


{{fb a2 team|p=5|t=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]|s=158983|h=27435|l=17393|a=22712|pr=22592}}


{{fb a2 team|p=6|t=[[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]|s=155274|h=25212|l=14299|a=19409|pr=15713}}


{{fb a2 team|p=7|t=[[FC Goa|Goa]]|s=169590|h=19796|l=17634|a=18843|pr=18066}}


{{fb a2 team|p=8|t=[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]|s=68761|h=9057|l=7965|a=8595|pr=7859}}


{{fb a footer |s= 1653808|h=68340|l=7965|a=27111|pr=25472
|source=Official club websites and [http://www.indiansuperleague.com Indian Super League]|date=December 2015}}
"Change" refers to change in figures wrt [[2014 Indian Super League#Attendance|previous edition]] of the tournament.

{{clear}}



===Highest attendances===


{| class="wikitable"
!Rank
!Home team
!Score
!Away team
!Attendance
!Date
!Stadium
|-
| align=center | 1 ||[[Atlético de Kolkata]]|| align=center | 2 – 1||Chennaiyin|| align=center | 68,340|| align=center | {{start date|2015|12|16|df=y}}||[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|-
| align=center | 2 ||[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|| align=center | 0 – 1||Delhi Dynamos|| align=center | 62,087|| align=center | {{start date|2015|10|18|df=y}}||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)]]
|-
| align=center | 3 ||[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|| align=center | 0 – 0||Mumbai City|| align=center | 61,483|| align=center | {{start date|2015|10|10|df=y}}||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)]]
|-
| align=center | 4 ||[[Atlético de Kolkata]]|| align=center | 2 – 3||Mumbai City|| align=center | 61,276|| align=center | {{start date|2015|12|4|df=y}}||[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|-
| align=center | 5 ||[[Atlético de Kolkata]]|| align=center | 2 – 1||Kerala Blasters|| align=center | 61,237|| align=center | {{start date|2015|10|13|df=y}}||[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|-
| align=center | 6 ||[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|| align=center | 2 – 3||Atlético de Kolkata|| align=center | 60,251|| align=center | {{start date|2015|11|10|df=y}}||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)]]
|-
| align=center | 7 ||[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|| align=center | 3 – 1||NorthEast United|| align=center | 60,017|| align=center | {{start date|2015|10|6|df=y}}||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)]]
|-
| align=center | 8 ||[[Atlético de Kolkata]]|| align=center | 4 – 0||Goa|| align=center | 51,047|| align=center | {{start date|2015|11|22|df=y}}||[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|-
| align=center | 9 ||[[Atlético de Kolkata]]|| align=center | 4 – 1||Pune City|| align=center | 48,721|| align=center | {{start date|2015|11|27|df=y}}||[[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|-
| align=center | 10 ||[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]|| align=center | 1 – 1||Chennaiyin|| align=center | 47,852|| align=center | {{start date|2015|10|31|df=y}}||[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)]]
|}
<small>Source:Official club websites and [https://web.archive.org/web/20150912044453/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/isl-2015/schedules-fixtures Indian Super League]. </small>

==Awards==
{{updated|matches played on 20 December 2015}}

:Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20151022164505/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/isl-2015/awards Indian Super League website]


===Hero of the Match===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Hero of the Match
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|Hero of the Match
|-
! Player
! Club
! Player
! Club
|-
| Match 1
|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Hélder Postiga]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 31
|{{flagicon|Martinique}} [[Frédéric Piquionne]]
|Mumbai City
|-
| Match 2
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandar Rao Desai]]
|Goa
| Match 32
|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[André Bikey]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 3
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Tuncay (footballer)|Tuncay]]
|Pune City
| Match 33
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Lúcio]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 4
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Josué Currais Prieto|Josu]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 34
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Antonio German]]
|Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 5
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arata Izumi]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 35
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rehenesh TP]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 6
|{{flagicon|NOR}} [[John Arne Riise]]
|Delhi Dynamos
| Match 36
|{{flagicon|CIV}} [[Didier Zokora]]
|Pune City
|-
| Match 7
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Roger Johnson (footballer)|Roger Johnson]]
|Pune City
| Match 37
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 8
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhash Singh]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 38
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Cavin Lobo]]
|Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 9
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 39
|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 10
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Javi Lara]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 40
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Sameehg Doutie]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 11
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Florent Malouda]]
|Delhi Dynamos
| Match 41
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Anderson Sebastião Cardoso|Chicão]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 12
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jofre]]
|Goa
| Match 42
|{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Diomansy Kamara]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 13
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 43
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 14
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Tuncay (footballer)|Tuncay]]
|Pune City
| Match 44
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Sameehg Doutie]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 15
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandesh Jhingan]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 45
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Mendy]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 16
|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Apoula Edel]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 46
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Leonardo da Silva Moura|Leo Moura]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 17
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 47
|{{flagicon|SPA}} [[Juan Aguilera Núñez|Juan Aguilera]]
|Mumbai City
|-
| Match 18
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Leonardo da Silva Moura|Leo Moura]]
|Goa
| Match 48
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 19
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicolás Vélez]]
|NorthEast United
| Match 49
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gustavo Marmentini]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 20
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Mendy]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 50
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Reinaldo (footballer, born 1979)|Reinaldo]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 21
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 51
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Mendy]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 22
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nicky Shorey]]
|Pune City
| Match 52
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nicolás Vélez]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 23
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 53
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chris Dagnall]]
|Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 24
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anas Edathodika]]
|Delhi Dynamos
| Match 54
|{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Selim Benachour]]
|Mumbai City
|-
| Match 25
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandar Rao Desai]]
|Goa
| Match 55
|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Apoula Edel]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 26
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chris Dagnall]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 56
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Romeo Fernandes]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 27
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 57
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Gustavo Marmentini]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 28
|{{flagicon|NOR}} [[John Arne Riise]]
|Delhi Dynamos
| Match 58
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 29
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Sanchez Watt]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 59
|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Dudu Omagbemi]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 30
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Leonardo da Silva Moura|Leo Moura]]
|Goa
| Match 60
|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Apoula Edel]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
|colspan=3|
| Match 61
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jofre]]
|Goa
|}

{{clear}}

===ISL Emerging Player of the Match===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|ISL Emerging Player of the Match
! rowspan="2"|Match
! colspan="2"|ISL Emerging Player of the Match
|-
! Player
! Club
! Player
! Club
|-
| Match 1
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 31
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Zodingliana Ralte]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 2
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjiban Ghosh]]
|Delhi Dynamos
| Match 32
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Mohammed Rafique]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 3
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Israil Gurung]]
|Pune City
| Match 33
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]
|Pune City
|-
| Match 4
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammed Rafi (footballer)|Mohammed Rafi]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 34
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 5
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Keenan Almeida]]
|Goa
| Match 35
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satiyasen Singh]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 6
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhishek Das (footballer)|Abhishek Das]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 36
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]
|Mumbai City
|-
| Match 7
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Fanai Lalrempuia]]
|Pune City
| Match 37
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jewel Raja]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 8
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gabriel Fernandes]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 38
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandesh Jhingan]]
|Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 9
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jayesh Rane]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 39
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thongkhosiem Haokip]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 10
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arata Izumi]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 40
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 11
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jackichand Singh]]
|Pune City
| Match 41
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Seminlen Doungel]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 12
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanju Pradhan]]
|NorthEast United
| Match 42
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satiyasen Singh]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 13
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhuan Mawia]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 43
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 14
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dharmaraj Ravanan]]
|Pune City
| Match 44
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Mohammed Rafique]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 15
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[C.K. Vineeth]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 45
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 16
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Boithang Haokip]]
|NorthEast United
| Match 46
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanju Pradhan]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 17
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anas Edathodika]]
|Delhi Dynamos
| Match 47
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thangjam Singh]]
|Mumbai City
|-
| Match 18
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Bheke]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 48
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arnab Mondal]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 19
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 49
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satiyasen Singh]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 20
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karanjit Singh]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 50
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandar Rao Desai]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 21
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gabriel Fernandes]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 51
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 22
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Bheke]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 52
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siam Hanghal]]
|NorthEast United
|-
| Match 23
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhuan Mawia]]
|Mumbai City
| Match 53
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Cavin Lobo]]
|Kerala Blasters
|-
| Match 24
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 54
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
| Match 25
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thongkhosiem Haokip]]
|Goa
| Match 55
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 26
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karanjit Singh]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 56
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pronay Halder]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 27
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
| Match 57
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sehnaj Singh]]
|Delhi Dynamos
|-
| Match 28
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satiyasen Singh]]
|NorthEast United
| Match 58
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|Chennaiyin
|-
| Match 29
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Bheke]]
|Kerala Blasters
| Match 59
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandar Rao Desai]]
|Goa
|-
| Match 30
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
|Chennaiyin
| Match 60
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nallappan Mohanraj]]
|Atlético de Kolkata
|-
|colspan=3|
| Match 61
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thongkhosiem Haokip]]
|Goa
|}

===End-of-season awards===
{| class="wikitable"
!Award
!Player
!Club
|-
|- style="background:#f4f4f4;"
|-
|Hero of the League
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
|Fittest player of the League
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|[[Atletico de Kolkata]]
|-
|Golden Boot
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Stiven Mendoza]]
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
|Golden Glove
|{{flagicon|ARM}} [[Apoula Edel]]
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
|Emerging Player of the League
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]]
|[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
|Fair Play Award
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|}

==See also==
{{colbegin}}
* [[2015 Atlético de Kolkata season]]
* [[2015 Chennaiyin FC season]]
* [[2015 Delhi Dynamos FC season]]
* [[2015 FC Goa season]]
* [[2015 Kerala Blasters FC season]]
* [[2015 Mumbai City FC season]]
* [[2015 NorthEast United FC season]]
* [[2015 FC Pune City season]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.indiansuperleague.com/}}

{{Indian Super League}}
{{Indian football league seasons}}
{{2015 in Asian Football (AFC)}}
{{2015–16 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2015 Indian Super League season}}
[[Category:2015 Indian Super League season| ]]
[[Category:Indian Super League seasons]]
[[Category:2015–16 in Indian football leagues|1]]
[[Category:2015 in Asian men's top-tier association football leagues|India]]

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Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry

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{{Short description|Government of Andhra Pradesh since 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 28th
| jurisdiction = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| flag = Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg
| flag_border =
| incumbent =
| image = The_portrait_of_CM_Shri_Nara_Chandrababu_Naidu.jpg
| caption = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| image_size = 175
| date_formed = 12 June 2024
| date_dissolved =
| government_head = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| government_head_history =
| state_head = [[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]
| deputy_government_head = [[Pawan Kalyan]]
| members_number = 25
| former_members_number =
| total_number = 25
| political_parties = {{Color box|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|border=darkgray}} '''[[Kutami]]'''
*{{Color box|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Telugu Desam Party]] (21)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Janasena Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Janasena Party]] (3)
*{{Color box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (1)
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = ''None''
| opposition_leader = [[Botsa Satyanarayana]] ({{small|[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|Council]]}})<br>''[[Casual vacancy|Vacant]]'' ({{small|[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]}})
| election = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| legislature_term = 5 years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry]]
| successor =
|flag_width=150
|state_head_title=[[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor]]
|government_head_title=[[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
|deputy_government_head_title=[[List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister]]
}}
{{N. Chandrababu Naidu series}}
The '''Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry''' (or also known as '''28th ministry of Andhra Pradesh''') was formed on 12 June 2024 and is headed by [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] as the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|chief minister]] following the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].

==Background==

The state cabinet of [[Andhra Pradesh]] with [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] as the [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] was sworn in on 12 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidu-sworn-in-as-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister/article68280396.ece|title=Chandrababu Naidu sworn in as Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister|date=12 June 2024|language=en|website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The swearing-in ceremony took place at 11:27 AM on 12 June 2024 near [[Vijayawada Airport|Gannavaram Airport]], [[Kesarapalle]], [[Amaravati]] ([[Vijayawada]]).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-12 |title=Chandrababu Naidu to take oath as Andhra CM for fourth time with PM Modi, Rajinikanth and Tollywood royalty in attendance |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidu-to-be-sworn-in-as-andhra-pradesh-cm-on-june-12-pm-modi-to-be-present/articleshow/110916535.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

The list of 24 cabinet ministers (excluding the chief minister) was announced on 12 June 2024 prior to the oath-taking ceremony.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pawan Kalyan Among 24 Ministers To Take Oath With Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/andhra-pradesh-pawan-kalyan-among-25-ministers-to-take-oath-with-chandrababu-naidu-5871149 |access-date=2024-06-12 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> The cabinet has twenty one ministers from [[Telugu Desam Party]], three from [[Janasena Party]] and one from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-12 |title=Andhra Pradesh Ministers List 2024: Chandrababu Naidu to be sworn-in as CM for fourth time today – Check full list of cabinet ministers |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-ap-full-ministers-list-2024-n-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-nara-lokesh/3522318/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> 17 of the 25 are first-time ministers.<ref>{{Cite news |title=AP Cabinet: ఏపీ మంత్రివర్గంలో 17 మంది కొత్తవారే |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/politics/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-ministers-list-2024/0500/124109902 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=Eenadu |language=te}}</ref><ref name="Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers List 2024: Pawan Kalyan, Nara Lokesh among 24 ministers in Chandrababu Naidu's Cabinet2">{{cite news |last1=The New Indian Express |first1= |date=12 June 2024 |title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers List 2024: Pawan Kalyan, Nara Lokesh among 24 ministers in Chandrababu Naidu's Cabinet |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-pradesh-ministers-list-2024-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-ap-full-cabinet-ministers-list-9387219/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613162022/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-pradesh-ministers-list-2024-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-ap-full-cabinet-ministers-list-9387219/ |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Naidu's Cabinet A Mix Of 17 Freshers, Eight Experienced Ministers">{{cite news |date=12 June 2024 |title=Naidu's Cabinet A Mix Of 17 Freshers, Eight Experienced Ministers |url=https://www.news18.com/politics/naidus-cabinet-a-mix-of-17-freshers-eight-experienced-ministers-8930806.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613162640/https://www.news18.com/politics/naidus-cabinet-a-mix-of-17-freshers-eight-experienced-ministers-8930806.html |archive-date=13 June 2024 |access-date=13 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

The portfolios of all the cabinet ministers were announced on 14 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-14 |title=Full list of Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers with portfolios: Who gets what |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Council of Ministers |url=https://www.ap.gov.in/#/government/councilofministers |website=AP State Portal |language=en |access-date=13 September 2024 |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105194334/http://www.ap.gov.in/#/government/councilofministers |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Fourth CM Naidu ministry.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|[[Narendra Modi]] ([[Prime Minister of India]]), [[Syed Abdul Nazeer]] ([[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]) and [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] ([[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]) along with the council of ministers at the swearing-in ceremony.]]

== Council of Ministers ==
{| class ="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" |#
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Minister
! rowspan="2" |Portfolio
! rowspan=2 |Constituency
! colspan=2 |Tenure
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 |Party
|-style="text-align: center;"
!Took office
!Left office
|-style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="9" |'''[[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]'''
|-style="text-align: center;"
|1
| [[File:The_portrait_of_CM_Shri_Nara_Chandrababu_Naidu.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]'''
|
*General Administration
*Law & Order
*Public Enterprises
*Other departments not allocated to any Minister
|[[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="9" |'''[[List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister]]'''
|- style="text-align: center;"
|2
|[[File:Shri Konidela Pawan Kalyan.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Pawan Kalyan|Konidela Pawan Kalyan]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development|Panchayat Raj]]
*[[Ministry of Panchayat Raj and Rural Development|Rural Development & Rural Water Supply]]
*[[Ministry of Environment, Forest, Science and Technology|Environment]]
*[[Ministry of Environment, Forest, Science and Technology|Forest]]
*[[Ministry of Environment, Forest, Science and Technology|Science and Technology]]
|[[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|-style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="8" |'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|
|- style="text-align: center;"
|3
|[[File:Nara Lokesh at public meet (cropped).jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Nara Lokesh]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Human Resources Development|Human Resources Development]]
*[[Ministry of Information Technology (Andhra Pradesh)|Information Technology]]
*[[Ministry of Information Technology (Andhra Pradesh)|Electronics & Communication]]
*[[Real Time Governance Society|Real Time Governance]]
|[[Mangalagiri Assembly constituency|Mangalagiri]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|4
|[[File:K. Atchannaidu.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Agriculture (Andhra Pradesh)|Agriculture]]
*[[Ministry of Co-operation (Andhra Pradesh)|Co-operation]]
*Marketing
*[[Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries|Animal Husbandry]]
*[[Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries|Dairy Development & Fisheries]]
|[[Tekkali Assembly constituency|Tekkali]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|5
|[[File:Shri Ravindra Kollu.png|center|100px]]
|'''[[Kollu Ravindra]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Mines and Geology|Mines & Geology]]
*[[Ministry of Excise|Excise]]
|[[Machilipatnam Assembly constituency|Machilipatnam]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|6
|[[File:Nadendla_Manohar_AP_Speaker.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Nadendla Manohar]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Civil Supplies, Food and Consumer Affairs|Food & Civil Supplies]]
*[[Ministry of Civil Supplies, Food and Consumer Affairs|Consumer Affairs]]
|[[Tenali Assembly constituency|Tenali]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|7
|[[File:Pomguru_narayana.JPG|center|100px]]
|'''[[Ponguru Narayana]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Municipal Administration and Urban Development|Municipal Administration & Urban Development]]
|[[Nellore City Assembly constituency|Nellore City]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|8
|[[File:Vangalapudi Anitha, Minister of Home Affairs & Disaster Management.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Vangalapudi Anitha]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Home Affairs and Disaster Management|Home Affairs & Disaster Management]]
|[[Payakaraopet Assembly constituency|Payakaraopet]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|9
|[[File:Shri Satya Kumar Yadav.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Satya Kumar Yadav]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Health, Family Welfare and Medical Education|Health]]
*[[Ministry of Health, Family Welfare and Medical Education|Family Welfare & Medical Education]]
|[[Dharmavaram Assembly constituency|Dharmavaram]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|10
|[[File:Sri Nimmala Rama Naidu.png|center|100px]]
|'''[[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]'''
|
*[[Ministry of Water Resources Development|Water Resources Development]]
|[[Palakollu Assembly constituency|Palakollu]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|11
|[[File:Sri_N._M._D._Farooq.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[N. M. D. Farooq|Nasyam Mohammed Farooq]]'''
|
*Law & Justice
*[[Ministry of Minority Welfare|Minority Welfare]]
|[[Nandyal Assembly constituency|Nandyal]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|12
| [[File:Sri Anam Ramanarayana Reddy.webp|center|100px]]
|'''[[Anam Ramanarayana Reddy]]'''
|
*[[List of endowments ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Endowments]]
|[[Atmakur Assembly constituency|Atmakur]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|13
|[[File:Payyavula_Keshav.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Payyavula Keshav]]'''
|
*[[List of finance ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Finance]]
*[[List of finance ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Planning]]
*[[List of Commercial Taxes ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Commercial Taxes]]
*[[List of Legislative Affairs ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Legislative Affairs]]
|[[Uravakonda Assembly constituency|Uravakonda]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|14
| [[File:Anagani Satya Prasad, Revenue Minister of A.P.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Anagani Satya Prasad]]'''
|
*[[List of Revenue, Registration & Stamps ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Revenue]]
*[[List of Revenue, Registration & Stamps ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Registration & Stamps]]
|[[Repalle Assembly constituency|Repalle]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|`15
|[[File:Sri_Kolusu_Parthasarathy.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Kolusu Parthasarathy]]'''
|
*[[List of Housing ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Housing]]
*[[List of Information & Public Relations ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Information & Public Relations]]
|[[Nuzvid Assembly constituency|Nuzvid]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|16
|[[File:Dr. Dola Bala Veeranjaneya Swamy.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Dola Sree Bala Veeranjaneya Swamy]]'''
|
*[[List of Social Welfare ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Social Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Disabled & Senior Citizen Welfare (Andhra Pradesh)|Disabled & Senior Citizen Welfare]]
*Sachivalayam & Village Volunteer
|[[Kondapi Assembly constituency|Kondapi]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|17
|[[File:Gottipati_Ravi_Kumar.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Gottipati Ravi Kumar]]'''
|
*[[List of Energy ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Energy]]
|[[Addanki Assembly constituency|Addanki]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|18
|[[File:Sri_Kandula_Durgesh.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Kandula Durgesh]]'''
|
*[[Department of Tourism (Andhra Pradesh)|Tourism]]
*[[List of Culture ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Culture]]
*[[Ministry of Cinematography (Andhra Pradesh)|Cinematography]]
|[[Nidadavole Assembly constituency|Nidadavole]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|19
|[[File:Gummadi_Sandhya_Rani.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Gummadi Sandhya Rani]]'''
|
*[[List of Women & Child Welfare ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Women & Child Welfare]]
*[[List of Tribal Welfare ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Tribal Welfare]]
|[[Salur Assembly constituency|Salur]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|20
|[[File:B._C._Janardhan_Reddy.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[B. C. Janardhan Reddy]]'''
|
*[[List of roads and buildings ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Roads & Buildings]]
*[[List of Infrastructure & Investments ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Infrastructure & Investments]]
|[[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency|Banaganapalle]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|21
|[[File:T._G._Bharath.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[T. G. Bharath]]'''
|
*[[List of Industries & Commerce ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Industries & Commerce]]
*Food Processing
|[[Kurnool Assembly constituency|Kurnool]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|22
|[[File:Sanjeevareddygari_Savitha.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[S. Savitha]]'''
|
*[[List of Backward Classes Welfare ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Backward Classes Welfare]]
*Economically Weaker Sections Welfare
*Handlooms & Textiles
|[[Penukonda Assembly constituency|Penukonda]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|23
|[[File: Vasamsetti Subhash.jpg|100px]]
|'''[[Vasamsetti Subhash]]'''
|
*[[List of Labour ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Labour]]
*[[List of Factories ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Factories]]
*Boilers & Insurance Medical Services
|[[Ramachandrapuram Assembly constituency|Ramachandrapuram]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|24
|[[File:Kondapalli_Srinivas.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Kondapalli Srinivas]]'''
|
*Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
*Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty
*NRI Empowerment & Relations
|[[Gajapathinagaram Assembly constituency|Gajapathinagaram]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|- style="text-align: center;"
|25
|[[File:Mandipalli_Ramprasad_Reddy.jpg|center|100px]]
|'''[[Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy]]'''
|
*[[List of transport ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Transport]]
*[[List of Youth & Sports ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Youth & Sports]]
|[[Rayachoti Assembly constituency|Rayachoti]]
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

== Demographics ==
=== Parties ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan="2" | Party
!Total number of ministers
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 21
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Janasena Party}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 3
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|style="text-align: center;" | 1
|}

{{Pie chart
| caption= Representation of cabinet ministers by party
| label1 = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| value1 = 84 | color1 = {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| label2 = [[Janasena Party]]
| value2 = 12 | color2 = {{party color|Janasena Party}}
| label3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| value3 = 4 | color3 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
}}

=== Districts ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
!District
!Total number of ministers
!Name of ministers
!Guardian minister
|-
|[[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
| {{Ndash}}
| {{Ndash}}
|
*[[Gummadi Sandhya Rani]]
|-
|[[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
| 1
|
*[[Vangalapudi Anitha]]
|
*[[Kollu Ravindra]]
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Ananthapuramu]]
| 1
|
*[[Payyavula Keshav]]
|
*[[T. G. Bharath]]
|-
|[[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
| 1
|
*[[Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy]]
|
*[[B. C. Janardhan Reddy]]
|-
|[[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
| 2
|
*[[Anagani Satya Prasad]]
*[[Gottipati Ravi Kumar]]
|
*[[Kolusu Parthasarathy]]
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
| 1
|
*[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]<br><small>([[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]])</small>
|
*[[Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy]]
|-
|[[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
| 1
|
* [[Vasamsetti Subhash]]
|
*[[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| 1
|
*[[Kandula Durgesh]]
|
*[[Nimmala Ramanaidu]]
|-
|[[Eluru district|Eluru]]
| 1
|
*[[Kolusu Parthasarathy]]
|
*[[Nadendla Manohar]]
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| 2
|
*[[Nara Lokesh]]
*[[Nadendla Manohar]]
|
*[[Kandula Durgesh]]
|-
|[[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
| 1
|
*[[Pawan Kalyan]]<br><small>([[List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister]])</small>
|
*[[Ponguru Narayana]]
|-
|[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| 1
|
*[[Kollu Ravindra]]
|
* [[Vasamsetti Subhash]]
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
| 1
|
*[[T. G. Bharath]]
|
*[[Nimmala Ramanaidu]]
|-
|[[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
| 2
|
*[[N. Md. Farooq]]
*[[B. C. Janardhan Reddy]]
|
*[[Payyavula Keshav]]
|-
|[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
| 2
|
*[[Ponguru Narayana]]
*[[Anam Ramanarayana Reddy]]
|
*[[N. Md. Farooq]]
|-
|[[NTR district|NTR]]
| {{Ndash}}
| {{Ndash}}
|
* [[Satya Kumar Yadav]]
|-
|[[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
| {{Ndash}}
| {{Ndash}}
|
*[[Gottipati Ravi Kumar]]
|-
|[[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
| 1
|
*[[Gummadi Sandhya Rani]]
|
*[[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]
|-
|[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
| 1
|
*[[Dola Sree Bala Veeranjaneya Swamy]]
|
*[[Anam Ramanarayana Reddy]]
|-
|[[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
| 2
|
* [[Satya Kumar Yadav]]
*[[S. Savitha]]
|
*[[Anagani Satya Prasad]]
|-
|[[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
| 1
|
*[[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]
|
*[[Kondapalli Srinivas]]
|-
|[[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| {{Ndash}}
| {{Ndash}}
|
*[[Anagani Satya Prasad]]
|-
|[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
| {{Ndash}}
| {{Ndash}}
|
*[[Dola Sree Bala Veeranjaneya Swamy]]
|-
|[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
| 1
|
*[[Kondapalli Srinivas]]
|
*[[Vangalapudi Anitha]]
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
| 1
|
*[[Nimmala Ramanaidu]]
|
*[[Gottipati Ravi Kumar]]
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
| {{Ndash}}
| {{Ndash}}
|
*[[S. Savitha]]
|-
|}

==Major decisions==
{{Dynamic list}}
With the formation of the government (popularly referred to as ''[[Kutami|Kūṭami]]'') on 12 June 2024, the cabinet ministers were allocated their portfolios on 14 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-14 |title=Full list of Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers with portfolios: Who gets what |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece |access-date=2024-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiswal |first=Arushi |last2=News |first2=India TV |date=2024-06-14 |title=Andhra portfolio allocation: CM Naidu keeps Law and Order, Deputy CM Pawan Kalyan gets Panchayati Raj {{!}} List |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-portfolio-allocation-cm-chandrababu-naidu-keeps-law-and-order-pawan-kalyan-gets-panchayati-raj-check-full-list-latest-updates-2024-06-14-936944 |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

In July, Chief Minister Naidu released white papers in the assembly highlighting the status of the state's finances, energy sector, law and order, and excise department. He addressed the current state of the debt and alleged financial mismanagement by the previous government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-26 |title='Mismanagement' by YSRCP govt. led to huge debt, loss of revenue to State, says Naidu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/mismanagement-by-ysrcp-govt-led-to-huge-debt-loss-of-revenue-to-state-says-naidu/article68450462.ece |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-26 |title=Chandrababu Naidu tables white paper on state of law and order during YSRCP rule |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/andhra-pradesh/story/andhra-pradesh-chandrababu-naidu-white-paper-law-and-order-ysrcp-government-jagan-mohan-reddy-tdp-2571976-2024-07-26 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-26 |title='Rs6.94 lakh crore revenue loss': Chandrababu Naidu releases white paper on Andhra's economy under Jagan Reddy's rule; ex-CM hits back |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rs6-94-lakh-crore-revenue-loss-chandrababu-naidu-releases-white-paper-on-andhras-economy-under-jagan-reddys-rule-ex-cm-hits-back/articleshow/112044677.cms |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-07-09 |title=White Paper on A.P. power sector reveals ₹1.29 lakh crore burden on govt. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/white-paper-on-ap-power-sector-reveals-129-lakh-crore-burden-on-govt/article68385541.ece |access-date=2024-10-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra government floats whitepaper on state economy, targets previous YSRCP regime |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/andhra-government-floats-whitepaper-on-state-economy-targets-previous-ysrcp-regime20240726172242/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-01 |title=Naidu govt's maiden Budget hanging fire, YSRCP raises heat over 'Super Six' roadmap |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/naidu-govts-maiden-budget-hanging-fire-9597235/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 1 July 2024, Chief Minister Naidu wrote to [[Telangana]] Chief Minister [[Revanth Reddy]], proposing a meeting to address unresolved issues under the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]. The meeting at [[Praja Bhavan]] involved officials and ministers from both states, with Telangana Deputy Chief Minister [[Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka]] outlining a three-phase approach to resolve bifurcation-related matters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2024-07-07 |title=After friendly meeting, CMs Naidu & Revanth decide to form committees to resolve AP-Telangana issues |url=https://theprint.in/politics/after-friendly-meeting-cms-naidu-revanth-decide-to-form-committees-to-resolve-ap-telangana-issues/2164032/ |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajeev |first=M. |date=2024-07-06 |title=Chandrababu Naidu-Revanth Reddy meeting begins in Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana-and-ap-cms-to-meet-at-6-pm-bifurcation-of-schedule-ix-and-x-institutions-among-prime-issues-to-be-discussed/article68374515.ece |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The government marked the completion of 100 days since its formation with a program called "Idi Manchi Prabhutvam," held from 20 September to 26 September. The Chief Minister and ministers attended events at the village and ward levels, highlighting the government's achievements during this period.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-09-21 |title='NDA govt is striving to bring back Andhra's past glory', says CM Naidu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Sep/21/nda-govt-is-striving-to-bring-back-andhras-past-glory-says-cm-naidu |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-20 |title=Home Minister highlights NDA government's achievements in first 100 days of governance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/home-minister-highlights-nda-governments-achievements-in-first-100-days-of-governance/article68664534.ece |access-date=2024-10-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

===Timeline===
'''13 June 2024''' – On assuming office on 13 June 2024 at the Secretariat in Amaravati, Chief Minister Naidu signed five key files, which included decisions on the Mega District Selection Committee notification for the recruitment of 16,347 teachers, the withdrawal of the AP Land Titling Act, the increase of social security pensions, conducting a skill census, and reviving the [[Anna Canteen]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-06-13 |title=A.P. CM Naidu signs first file on Mega DSC notification, four on other key election promises |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-cm-naidu-signs-first-file-on-mega-dsc-notification-four-on-other-key-election-promises/article68285891.ece |access-date=2024-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-13 |title='Five key decisions': Andhra Pradesh CM Chandrababu Naidu starts his new innings with a 'fifer' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/five-key-decisions-andhra-pradesh-cm-chandrababu-naidu-starts-his-new-innings-with-a-fifer/articleshow/110975835.cms |access-date=2024-09-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The government also restored the name of [[N. T. Rama Rao]] to the social security pension scheme, renaming it the "NTR Bharosa Pension Scheme." Under this scheme, the pension for senior citizens and widows was increased from Rs. 3,000 to Rs. 4,000, for people with disabilities from Rs. 3,000 to Rs. 6,000, and for those with chronic diseases from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 10,000. Additionally, handloom workers, toddy tappers, fishermen, transgender individuals, and various artists will receive a pension of Rs. 4,000 per month, while for those with complete disabilities from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 15,000.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-06-14 |title=Government restores NTR's name to enhanced pension scheme in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/government-restores-ntrs-name-to-enhanced-pension-scheme-in-andhra-pradesh/article68288801.ece |access-date=2024-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

'''23 July 2024''' – The [[Government of India]] announced a facilitation of Rs. 15,000 crore to support the construction of the state capital [[Amaravati]] through multilateral development agencies in the current financial year, with additional amounts to be provided in future years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sridhar |first=G. Naga |date=2024-07-23 |title=Budget 2024: Centre to facilitate ₹15,000-cr support from global agencies for AP capital Amaravati |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/budget-2024-centre-to-facilitate-15000-cr-support-from-global-agencies-for-ap-capital-amaravati/article68436812.ece |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> The Central government also expressed its commitment to financing and ensuring the early completion of the [[Polavaram Project]]. Funds and grants for the backward districts, as well as for the Koparthy and [[Orvakal]] industrial nodes, were also announced.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-23 |title=Union Budget 2024-25: Beleaguered Andhra Pradesh gets funds for crucial projects |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/union-budget-2024-25-beleaguered-andhra-pradesh-gets-funds-for-crucial-projects/articleshow/111953456.cms |access-date=2024-10-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=P. Sujatha |date=2024-07-23 |title='Allocation for Koparthy industrial node will spur development of Rayalaseema' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/allocation-for-koparthy-industrial-node-will-spur-development-of-rayalaseema/article68436602.ece |access-date=2024-10-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

'''24 July 2024''' – The Andhra Pradesh government restored the name of Dr. YSR University of Health Sciences to its original name, Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, located in [[Vijayawada]]. Established by NTR in 1986, he also served as its first Chancellor. The university was originally named after NTR in 1998 by N. Chandrababu Naidu, but the previous YSRCP government had renamed it after YSR in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-25 |title=YSR health university renamed after NTR again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ysr-health-university-renamed-after-ntr/articleshow/111999098.cms |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-07-24 |title=It's official: Andhra Pradesh govt. undoes name change of NTRUHS to YSRUHS |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/its-official-govt-undoes-name-change-of-ntruhs-to-ysruhs/article68442287.ece |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sravani |first=Nellore |date=2024-08-30 |title=Tracing the genesis of the country's first medical university, in Vijayawada |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/tracing-the-genesis-of-the-countrys-first-medical-university-in-vijayawada/article68581202.ece |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

'''15 August 2024''' – The government has re-launched the [[Anna Canteen]] program, an initiative to provide subsidised meals at ₹5, originally introduced in 2018 but discontinued by the previous [[YSR Congress Party]] government. On the occasion of [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]], Chief Minister Naidu inaugurated a canteen in [[Gudivada]], marking the opening of 100 canteens in the first phase.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrababu Naidu relaunches Anna Canteens in Gudivada, commits to serving affordable meals across Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/chandrababu-naidu-relaunches-anna-canteens-in-gudivada-commits-to-serving-affordable-meals-across-andhra-pradesh20240815212712/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilyas |first=M. D. |date=2024-08-15 |title=Anna Canteens launched in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/anna-canteens-launched-in-andhra-pradesh-1816603 |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

'''23 August 2024''' – The Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Pawan Kalyan, directed officials to hold village meetings, known as "Grama Sabhas," simultaneously in 13,326 gram panchayats on 23 August 2024. The aim was to identify works to be undertaken under the [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|MGNREGS]] and pass resolutions for infrastructure development in villages, focusing on curbing corruption and avoiding resource wastage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-19 |title=Andhra Pradesh govt. to hold grama sabhas in 13,326 panchayats on August 23 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-govt-to-hold-grama-sabhas-in-13326-panchayats-on-august-23/article68543264.ece |access-date=2024-10-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-24 |title=A.P. created record by organising grama sabhas in 13,326 panchayats in a single day: Minister Kollu Ravindra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-created-record-by-organising-grama-sabhas-in-13326-panchayats-in-single-day-minister-kollu-ravindra/article68559852.ece |access-date=2024-10-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Chief Minister Naidu, along with ministers and MLAs, also participated in the program at various gram panchayats.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2024-08-24 |title=Andhra Pradesh CM Naidu promises all-round development in villages |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-cm-naidu-promises-all-round-development-in-villages/article68559672.ece |access-date=2024-10-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The World Records Union awarded Kalyan a medal and certificate for setting a record by conducting massive Grama Sabhas in a single day and passing resolutions for Rs. 4,500 crore worth of work in villages.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-09-16 |title=Conduct of Grama Sabhas in 13,326 villages on August 23 recognised as a world record |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/conduct-of-grama-sabhas-in-13326-villages-on-august-23-recognised-as-a-world-record/article68647659.ece |access-date=2024-10-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumara |first=Sri Krishna |date=2024-09-16 |title=AP Govt Honoured by World Records Union for Massive Grama Sabhas Initiative |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-govt-honoured-by-world-records-union-for-massive-grama-sabhas-initiative-1823932 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-09-17 |title=Simultaneous Gram Sabhas in Andhra create world record |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Sep/17/simultaneous-gram-sabhas-in-andhra-create-world-record |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

'''22–23 October 2024''' – The [[Amaravati Drone Summit 2024]], held on 22 October at Punnami Ghat on the banks of the [[Krishna River]], was a two-day event aimed at promoting investment in drone technology. The summit was attended by over 4,000 participants, including the Chief Minister, Naidu and the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Union Civil Aviation Minister]], [[Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu]]. A drone display featuring over 5,500 drones achieved five Guinness World Records with formations such as the national flag, Lord Buddha, an airplane, and a drone. The Chief Minister announced the allocation of 300 acres of land in [[Orvakal]] of [[Kurnool district]], for a drone hub and a plan to train 35,000 drone pilots, positioning Andhra Pradesh as a key resource center for drone technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5,500 Drones Light Up Andhra Pradesh's Sky, Set 5 Guinness World Records |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-500-drones-light-up-andhra-pradeshs-sky-set-5-guinness-world-records-6854284 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivas |first=Rajulapudi |date=2024-10-20 |title=Over 4,000 participants register for Amaravati Drone Summit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/over-4000-participants-register-for-amaravati-drone-summit/article68776191.ece |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Public Policy, Privacy, and Drone Technology |work=Analyzing the Drone Debates |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137381576.0008 |access-date=2024-11-26 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-38157-6}}</ref>

'''20 November 2024''' – The Cabinet of Andhra Pradesh has approved the establishment of a permanent Bench of the High Court in Kurnool, and the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly has adopted a resolution supporting this decision. Chief Minister Naidu stated that the resolution will be forwarded to the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]] and the Central government. He also assured that the offices of the Lokayukta and the Human Rights Commission will remain in Kurnool.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-11-20 |title=Cabinet nod for setting up permanent Bench of A.P. High Court in Kurnool |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/cabinet-nod-for-setting-up-permanent-bench-of-ap-high-court-in-kurnool/article68891239.ece |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=High Court bench to be established at Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andhra-pradesh/high-court-bench-to-be-established-at-kurnool-in-andhra-pradesh-3286281 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Viswanath |first=S. |date=2024-11-22 |title=HC bench to be set up in Kurnool, Andhra |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Nov/22/hc-bench-to-be-set-up-in-kurnool-andhra |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

'''24 November 2024''' – Union Railway Minister [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] has invited e-tenders for the construction of the [[South Coast Railway zone]] headquarters in Visakhapatnam. This project was originally announced by then Railway Minister [[Piyush Goyal]] in February 2019, fulfilling the promise made under the [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=Good news for Andhra Pradesh! Indian Railways issues tender to set up 18th railway zone – Check cost, location, divisions |url=https://www.etnownews.com/infrastructure/good-news-for-andhra-pradesh-indian-railways-issues-tender-to-set-up-18th-railway-zone-south-coast-railway-check-cost-location-divisions-article-115640507 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=ET Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopal |first=B. Madhu |date=2024-11-24 |title=Tenders called for construction of South Coast Railway office in Vizag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/tenders-called-for-construction-of-south-coast-railway-office-in-vizag/article68906060.ece |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The delay was mainly caused by land allotment issues. However, after the formation of the NDA government in Andhra Pradesh under chief minister Naidu, 52.22 acres at Mudasarlova were allocated, resolving the issue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peri |first=Usha |date=2024-11-25 |title=Long-awaited SCoR proj set to take off |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Nov/25/long-awaited-scor-proj-set-to-take-off |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

'''17 January 2025''' – Union Steel Minister [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] announced a ₹11,440 crore revival package for the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant ([[Rashtriya Ispat Nigam|RINL]]), aimed at preventing privatisation and restoring its full operational capacity of 7.3 million tonnes per annum by August 2025. The package included ₹10,300 crore in equity infusion and ₹1,140 crore in converted loans, addressing financial challenges like raw material shortages and high debt,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cabinet Approves revival plan for Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL) at a total cost of Rs 11,440 crores. |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2093843 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423122607/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2093843 |archive-date=23 April 2025 |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=www.pib.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2025-01-17 |title=Prime Minister Modi made revival of Vizag steel plant a reality by announcing financial package, says Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/prime-minister-modi-made-revival-of-vizag-steel-plant-a-reality-by-announcing-financial-package-says-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-chandrababu-naidu/article69109915.ece |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=K. Kalyan Krishna |date=2025-01-18 |title=CM Chandrababu Naidu hails Centre's Rs 11,440-crore package for steel plant |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/Jan/18/cm-chandrababu-naidu-hails-centres-rs-11440-crore-package-for-steel-plant |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> with the state government facilitating raw material supplies through NMDC and providing security via the Special Protection Force.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=Centre and Andhra govt unite to revive Vizag Steel Plant - ET Infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/construction/centre-and-andhra-govt-unite-to-revive-vizag-steel-plant/119849307 |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2025-03-31 |title=Action plan on the anvil to strengthen Vizag Steel Plant |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/action-plan-on-the-anvil-to-strengthen-vizag-steel-plant/article69397593.ece |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

'''2 May 2025''' – Prime Minister Narendra Modi, along with chief Minister Naidu and deputy chief minister Kalyan, relaunched the construction works of [[Amaravati]], the proposed capital city of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-05-01 |title=Capital Amaravati: Restart of works, restoring faith |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/May/01/capital-amaravati-restart-of-works-restoring-faith |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The event included unveiling a 21-foot commemorative pylon, designed in the shape of the letter "A" to symbolise Amaravati, marking the restart of the project, initially launched in 2015, which had faced delays under the [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry|previous state government]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2025-05-03 |title=Day after, Amaravati Pylon draws visitors with high hopes on a bright future for State |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/day-after-amaravati-pylon-draws-visitors-with-high-hopes-on-a-bright-future-for-state/article69534800.ece |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Modi laid the foundation stone for 74 infrastructure projects worth ₹49,000 crore, including the Legislative Assembly, High Court, Secretariat and inaugurated projects valued at ₹57,962 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeelani |first=Gulam |date=2025-05-02 |title=The curious case of Amaravati: Andhra CM Naidu's ambitious capital dream – launched, halted, and restarted {{!}} Today News |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/the-curious-case-of-amravati-the-launch-relaunch-of-cm-naidus-capital-dream-by-pm-modi-explained-11746188667383.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506140145/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/the-curious-case-of-amravati-the-launch-relaunch-of-cm-naidus-capital-dream-by-pm-modi-explained-11746188667383.html |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-03 |title=Amaravati a dream come true, will transform AP: PM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/amaravati-a-dream-come-true-will-transform-ap-pm/articleshow/120833478.cms |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=K. Kalyan Krishna |date=2025-05-01 |title=Amaravati: Revival of a dream capital |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2025/May/01/amaravati-revival-of-a-dream-capital |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers]]
* [[Chief ministership of N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
* [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Current Indian ministries}}
{{Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:N. Chandrababu Naidu Ministry}}
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh ministries]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2024|Chandrababu Naidu IV]]
[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial ministries]]

Piya Rakhiah Senurwa Ke Laaj

2026-01-09T04:28:50Z

Ola22W86488: new initial entry w/ infobox

{{Orphan|date=May 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Piya Rakhiya Senurwa Ke Laaj
| image = Piya Rakhiah Senurwa Ke Laaj.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| director = K. Vinod
| producer = V.P Vishwakarma <br> R.N Vishwakarma <br> Rajni Ranjan
| writer =
| screenplay = Anil Deepak
| story = [[K.Vinod]]
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = Kunal<br>[[Meera Madhuri]]<br>[[Bandini Mishra]]<br>Rahul Vishwakarma<br>[[Hari Shukla]]<br>[[Ramchandra Vishwakarma]]<br>[[Madhu Mishra]]<br>[[Raju Ranjan Prasad]]
| music = Usha Khanna
| cinematography = S.K. Sharma
| editing = Harendra Singh
| studio = Vishwakarma Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|1987|6|12}}
| runtime = 149 min.
| country = India
| language = Bhojpuri
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Piya Rakhiya Senurwa Ke Laaj''''' is a 1987 Bhojpuri film,<ref name=yt>{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqYgqi2Z9Ys|title="Piya Rakhih Senurva Ke Laaj" {{!}} Full Bhojpuri Movie }}</ref><ref name=yt1>{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rScZAGUnjoI|title=Piya Rakheeha Senurwa Ke Laaj - Super Hit Bhojpuri Film }}</ref> directed by K. Vinod and produced by [[V.P Vishwakarma]], starring Kunal, Bandini Mishra,<ref name=yt/> Rahul Vishwakarma, Surinder Shinda, Preeti Sapru, with a special appearance by Sanjay Vishwakarma. The film was one of the highest grossing Bhojpuri films during the initial release, and won numerous awards and accolades from the public as well as critics. ''Piya Rakhiah Senurwa Ke Laaj'' emerged as the highest grossing Bhojpuri film during that period of time and is hence regarded as a cult classic "Super-Hit" Bhojpuri film.

== Plot ==

After completing medical studies, Vijay returns to his village and plans to set up a hospital for the poor. He meets his childhood sweetheart Basanti but her life has taken a turn for the worse. Basanti is a widow living a hard life along with her young brother. Vijay and Basanti both harbor feelings for each other but are afraid to speak about it. Basanti constantly comes under the attack of the village doctor who tries to take advantage of her. The local doctor plays vicious games to ruin Vijay and his brother Ajay, who is in love with his daughter Radha. Vijay sets out to triumph in his love but can he fight a prejudiced society plagued by illiteracy?

== Music ==

[[Usha Khanna]] composed the music<ref name=yt/> for playback of Kartar Ramla, [[Manpreet Akhtar]], [[Surinder Shinda]], [[Sardool Sikander]], Nirmal Sidhu and more. Baljinder Sangila penned the lyrics.<ref name=yt/>

'''Track list'''

*Piya Rakhiya Senurwa Ke Laaj
*Muzzarfarpur Ke Lichiya

== Cast ==
* Kunal as "Vijay"
* Rahul Vishwakarma as "Ajay"
* Meera Madhuri as "Basanti"
* Bandini Mishra as "Bindiya"
* Sanjay Vishwakarma (special appearance)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:1980s Bhojpuri-language films]]
[[Category:1987 Indian films]]

Vizianagaram mandal

2025-12-06T07:28:31Z

Ola22W86488: new new pg first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vizianagaram mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.12|N|83.42|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Vizianagaram]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 283550
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=623262|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP35 (Former)]]<br /> AP39 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203234146/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
}}

'''Vizianagaram mandal''' is one of the 34 [[mandal]]s in [[Vizianagaram district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. [[Vizianagaram]] city is the headquarters of the mandal. The mandal is bounded by [[Gantyada]], Bondapalle, [[Nellimarla]], [[Denkada]], [[Jami]] mandals and [[Visakhapatnam district]].<ref name=map>{{cite web|title=Guntur District Mandals |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part31.pdf|publisher=Census of India |access-date=19 January 2015|pages=252, 267–268}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mandals in Vizianagaram district|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/vizianagaram.html|publisher=aponline.gov.in|access-date=16 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211523/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/vizianagaram.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Towns and villages ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal has 19 settlements. It includes 3 towns, 1 [[Out Growth|out growths]] and 15 villages. [[Vizianagaram]] (M) is the only town, Jammu Narayanapuram (OG) is the out growth to [[Vizianagaram]] (M). K.L.Puram and Gajurlarega (CT) are fully included in [[Vizianagaram]] (M).<ref name=map /><ref>{{cite web|title=Sub-District Details of Guntur District|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=12|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=24 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310234716/http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=12|archive-date=10 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The settlements in the mandal are listed below:
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|style=width:450px;|

#Cheluvuru (R)
#Duppada (R)
#Dwarapudi (R)
#Gunkalam (R)
#Hazisahebpeta (U)
#Jaggannadhapuram @ Jonnavalasa (R)
#Narayanapuram (R) (OG)
#Kondakarakam (R)
#[[Korukonda, Vizianagaram district|Korukonda]] (R)
#Malicherla (CT) (R)
#Pinvemali (R)
#Rakodu (R)
#Sarika (R)
#Siriyalapeta (R)
#Vizianagaram [M] (U)
}}

''Note: M-[[Municipality]], CT-[[Census town]], OG-[[Out Growth]], R-Rural''<ref>{{cite web |title=Abbreviations used|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Metadata/Metada.htm#2w |publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=26 May 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mandals in Vizianagaram district]]

Prasanna Venkateswara Puram

2025-12-02T15:44:51Z

Ola22W86488: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Prasanna Venkateswara Puram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13|31|35|N|79|23|02|E|region:IN-AP_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ramachandrapuram, Chittoor|Ramachandrapuram]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 500
| population_as_of =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|www.pvpuram.in}}
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''PV Puram''', also known as '''Prasanna Venkateswara Puram''' is a village located in [[Tirupati district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It is a small village of around 120 houses with a population of 500.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Prasanna+Venkateswara+Puram,+Andhra+Pradesh+517561/@13.5264018,79.3851579,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x3a4d4d35f4a6d5d9:0x6baa7f4c90c7b2c6 Google Maps]

{{Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Tirupati district]]

List of Darr Sabko Lagta Hai episodes

2025-11-27T21:33:49Z

Ola22W86488: minor fixed references per sources further and added references

{{Short description|none}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Darr Sabko Lagta Hai'' episodes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]'' (Hindi: डर सबको लगता है English: ''Everybody feels fear'') was an Indian anthology [[horror and terror|horror]] [[fiction]] television series, which premiered on 31 October 2015 and was broadcast on [[&TV]]. The series aired on every Saturday and Sunday nights. The series was produced by Reel Life Entertainment. Ending on 17 April 2016, two seasons of the series have been successfully aired. [[Bipasha Basu]] hosted the first season of the series.<ref name="Bipasha to bring horror on TV">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bollywood-celebs-youll-see-on-TV-in-2015/photostory/49149758.cms|title=Bipasha to bring horror on TV|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 October 2015|accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Everything is over exhausted in India except horror: Bipasha Basu">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/everything-is-over-exhausted-in-india-except-horror-bipasha-basu/|title=Everything is over exhausted in India except horror: Bipasha Basu|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=27 October 2015|accessdate=30 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Bipasha Basu not to be part of &TV's Darr Sabko Lagta Hai Season 2">{{cite news|url=https://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bipasha-basu-not-to-be-part-of-darr-sabko-lagta-hai-season-2/1/577877.html|title=Bipasha Basu not to be part of &TV's Darr Sabko Lagta Hai Season 2|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=23 January 2016|access-date=6 March 2016}}</ref> Completing two seasons, 49 episodes had been aired.

==Series overview==
<onlyinclude>{{Series overview
| color1 = #D09916
| link1 = <includeonly>List of Darr Sabko Lagta Hai episodes</includeonly>#Season 1 (2015–16)
| episodes1 = 26
| start1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|10|31}}
| end1 = {{End date|df=yes|2016|1|24}}

| color2 = #295354
| link2 = <includeonly>List of Darr Sabko Lagta Hai episodes</includeonly>#Season 2 (2016)
| episodes2 = 23
| start2 = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|30}}<ref name="Bipasha Basu not to be part of &TV's Darr Sabko Lagta Hai Season 2"/>
| end2 = {{End date|df=yes|2016|4|17}}
}}</onlyinclude>

== Episodes ==

===Season 1 (2015–16)===
{{Episode table |background=#D09916|overall=4 |season=4 |title=20 |aux1=19 |aux1T=Cast|airdate=14 |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Abbey Villa
|DirectedBy = [[Vidya Malvade]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|10|31}}
|ShortSummary = Bollywood actress, Bipasha Basu decides to break out of her life of reading scripts and plans to meet those who have experienced paranormal happenings for real.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Hostel
|DirectedBy = [[Shweta Basu Prasad]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|1}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu meets a girl, who narrates a story that occurred with a victim, who stayed at a hostel named Jannat.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Good Boy
|DirectedBy = [[Sanjeeda Sheikh]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|7}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu meets a young boy, who narrates to her a chilling story of boy named Rohan.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Cottage No. 6
|DirectedBy = [[Chahat Khanna]] & [[Rakhee Tandon (actress)|Rakhi Vijan]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|8}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu meets a sage who narrates a chilling story to her.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Ishita
|DirectedBy = [[Shilpa Saklani]] as Dr. Shehnaz Mistry & Anish Shah
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andtv.com/shows/darr-sabko-lagta-hai/video/darr-sabko-lagta-hai-episode-5-november-14-2015-full-episode.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227022957/http://www.andtv.com/shows/darr-sabko-lagta-hai/video/darr-sabko-lagta-hai-episode-5-november-14-2015-full-episode.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 December 2015|title=Darr Sabko Lagta Hai - Episode 5 - November 14, 2015|work=& TV|date=14 November 2015|accessdate=16 February 2016}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A doctor meets Bipasha Basu and narrates to her a haunting story experienced by his secretary,
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = 2 AM
|DirectedBy = Nishanthi Evani & Abhijit Pundla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|15}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu takes us on a tour of a spine chilling horror story as she reads a diary that arrives at her place.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Happy Birthday
|DirectedBy = [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|21}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu's search for a supernatural story leads her to a lady whom she meets during one of her ad shoots for an NGO.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Survivor
|DirectedBy = [[Priyanka Chand]], [[Abhishek Bajaj]] & [[Sonal Vengurlekar]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|22}}
|ShortSummary = Neha meets Bipasha and tells her about a paranormal activity that had she experienced recently.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Darwaza
|DirectedBy = [[Parul Yadav]] & [[Ishita Ganguly]] as Ana
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|28}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha meets a nun who tells her a real story of an aspiring nun Ellis, who gets possessed by devilish spirits.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Selfie
|DirectedBy = [[Rashi Mal]], Swati Rajput, Rahul Chaudhary, [[Avinash Tiwary]] & Pratibha Tiwari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|11|29}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha listens to a story of a mysterious camera which belonged to self-obsessed girl who died and haunts everyone.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|EpisodeNumber2 = 11
|Title = Carol
|DirectedBy = [[Sarika]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|5}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu recognizes her teacher's cane and is immediately excited to meet her teacher.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 12
|Title = Lag Jaa Gale
|DirectedBy = [[Sachin Shroff]] & [[Pavitra Punia]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|6}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha and her friends discuss about some horror stories where each one shares an interesting story.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|EpisodeNumber2 = 13
|Title = Anhoni
|DirectedBy = [[Karishma Kotak]], [[Nalini Negi]] &Pranshu Agrawal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|12}}
|ShortSummary = A Cancer survivor narrates his story to Bipasha about his paranormal experience.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|EpisodeNumber2 = 14
|Title = Mera Saaya
|DirectedBy = [[Samir Soni]], [[Shraddha Jaiswal]] & Nakul Tiwadi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|13}}
|ShortSummary = The story is of a woman named Jaya. A woman narrates the story of Jaya to Bipasha.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|EpisodeNumber2 = 15
|Title = Cell No. 13
|DirectedBy = [[Arya Babbar]], [[Ishita Sharma]] & Ankita Shrivastava
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|19}}
|ShortSummary = Actress Bipasha Basu's hair dresser narrates to her the tale that is related to her ex-lover and involves paranormal occurrences.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|EpisodeNumber2 = 16
|Title = Nanny
|DirectedBy = [[Lillete Dubey]], [[Mansi Srivastava]] & Shrhaan Singh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|20}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu meets a woman, who narrates a supernatural story to her. The woman, Nandini tells Bipasha the story of a caretaker, who started her haunting sessions.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|EpisodeNumber2 = 17
|Title = Mask
|DirectedBy = [[Aarti Chhabria]] & Puneet Tejwani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|26}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu meets the author of a very fascinating book on masks. The author named Rajesh Sharma narrates to her a tale of mask that is horrifying but is true.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|EpisodeNumber2 = 18
|Title = Raani Nagar
|DirectedBy = [[Puja Banerjee]] & [[Vipul Gupta]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2015|12|27}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu is searching for a property to purchase but what she learns from the vendor is that the place she is planning to purchase is haunted.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|EpisodeNumber2 = 19
|Title = Grahan
|DirectedBy = [[Sukirti Kandpal]] & Tarun Wadhwa
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|2}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu is astonished when Kimi Roy approaches her, keen to tell a story. She tells her the story of Aman and Rashmi, who just get married.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|EpisodeNumber2 = 20
|Title = Putliwadi
|DirectedBy = [[Arhaan Behll]], [[Tanvi Thakkar]] & Ritika Vidushi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|3}}
|ShortSummary = A tour guide tells Bipasha Basu the story of Putlivadi, a place that is haunted, a place not far away from his home.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|EpisodeNumber2 = 21
|Title = Payal
|DirectedBy = [[Nandish Sandhu]] & [[Payal Rajput]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|9}}
|ShortSummary = Bipasha Basu meets Meenakshi at a restaurant, who tells her the story of Paayal.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|EpisodeNumber2 = 22
|Title = Keemat
|DirectedBy = [[Kamya Panjabi]] & [[Avinesh Rekhi]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|10}}
|ShortSummary = A woman narrates to some people. She says that this horrific event occurred with her when her daughter, Vidya returned home from the hospital.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|EpisodeNumber2 = 23
|Title = Woh Kaun Thi?
|DirectedBy = Karan Khanna, [[Himmanshoo A. Malhotra]] & Prerana Jhamb
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|16}}
|ShortSummary = Upen lives with his flat mate Nirvaan, who goes home for a week long holiday.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|EpisodeNumber2 = 24
|Title = Kashish
|DirectedBy = [[Sai Deodhar]] & [[Vikas Sethi]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|17}}
|ShortSummary = A woman is being chased down by someone who then murders her.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|EpisodeNumber2 = 25
|Title = Raaz
|DirectedBy = [[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Avinash, [[Nivedita Bhattacharya]] as Ruhi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|23}}
|ShortSummary = Avinash and Ruhi a couple are on their way home with their son Kush.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 26
|EpisodeNumber2 = 26
|Title = Dwaar
|DirectedBy = [[Yuvika Chaudhary]] & [[Diwakar Pundir]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|24}}
|ShortSummary = A woman desperate to bring back her dead son mistakenly opens the door to hell.
|LineColor = D09916
}}
}}

===Season 2 (2016)===
{{Episode table |background=#295354|overall=4 |season=4 |title=20 |aux1=19 |aux1T=Cast|airdate=14 |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 27
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Daayan
|DirectedBy = [[Mahek Chahal]], [[Rohit Bakshi (actor)|Rohit Bakshi]] & Raina Ahluwalia
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|30}}
|ShortSummary = Shikhar and his young student pack their bags and embark on a journey through the dry jungles which is haunted by beautiful but vampiric witches.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 28
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = Rajni
|DirectedBy = [[Bhuvnesh Mann]], Anusha Jain & Shirin Sewani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|1|31}}
|ShortSummary = Few men are seen drinking alcohol and listening to the radio.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 29
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = Insaaf
|DirectedBy = Aamir Dalvi, Antara Banerjee & Rohan Khurrana
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|6}}
|ShortSummary = A woman waits for the arrival of her husband Aamir but the wait continues for days.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 30
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Paheli
|DirectedBy = Shahab Khan, Parvati Niraban & [[Gaurav Khanna]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|7}}
|ShortSummary = When two drunk men reach a 'haveli' one of them warns the other against entering the haunted mansion.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 31
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Aaina
|DirectedBy = Arjun Singh & Sapna Thakur
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|13}}
|ShortSummary = Nikhil and his wife visit a market place, reach an antiques shop and buys an ominious mirror.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 32
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Siskiyan
|DirectedBy = [[Hiten Tejwani]], Parul Bansal & [[Rishina Kandhari]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|14}}
|ShortSummary = The story begins with a girl looking for a job. She meets a man and tells him that she is looking for a job as a nurse.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 33
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Shraap
|DirectedBy = [[Ridhi Dogra|Riddhi Dogra]] & Vijay Verma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|20}}
|ShortSummary =Vikram reaches the police station with a bag of cash that he had robbed from a bank and tells his horror story.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 34
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Vaada
|DirectedBy = [[Shweta Prasad]] & Naina Tiwari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|21}}
|ShortSummary =In another horror and thrilling episode of 'Darr Sabko Lagta Hai' we get to experience the horror story of a girl, who dies after being set ablaze after she failed to give her in-laws dowry. With the help of her friend, she avenges her death.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 35
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Terrorist
|DirectedBy = Abhishek Sethiya, Saurabh Goyal, Prabhat Raghunandan & Jia Shankar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|27}}
|ShortSummary =When one of the cadets named Pushkar goes missing form the army camp located in a jungle, he is announced missing.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 36
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Lucky no. 7
|DirectedBy = [[Mrinal Dutt]] & Richa Meena
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|2|28}}
|ShortSummary =A couple decide to buy an abandoned house to spend their lives and as soon as they step into this house, paranormal activities begin to take its toll.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 37
|EpisodeNumber2 = 11
|Title = Khel
|DirectedBy = Ritika Dodeja, Auroshika Dey, Ruma Singh, Shoumita Chatterjee & Taruna Singh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|5}}
|ShortSummary =A man loses his life at the NM Hockey Academy when he takes the instructions and gets to cleaning the academy.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 38
|EpisodeNumber2 = 12
|Title = Darinda
|DirectedBy = Isha Sharma, Vijay Dahiya, Simran Bakshi, Shivam Roy & Kush Sharma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|12}}
|ShortSummary =It's the story of two medical research students, who visit a hospital for a medical research.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 39
|EpisodeNumber2 = 13
|Title = Gudda
|DirectedBy = [[Sucheta Khanna]] & Palak Dey
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|13}}
|ShortSummary =A boy brings home a shabby looking doll and his mother does not seem pleased about it.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 40
|EpisodeNumber2 = 14
|Title = Khabees
|DirectedBy = [[Kishori Shahane]], Resha Konkar & Farhan Patel
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|19}}
|ShortSummary = Aamir finds his old time batch mate, Alia tied up with the chains and speaks to Imaam Saab about it.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 41
|EpisodeNumber2 = 15
|Title = Jail
|DirectedBy = Ruchi Savarn, [[Anita Kanwal]], Sonika Chopra, & [[Unnati Davara]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|20}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 42
|EpisodeNumber2 = 16
|Title = Khwaab
|DirectedBy = Meghana Kaushik
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|26}}
|ShortSummary = Atish wakes up in the middle of the night in order to fulfil his lusty fantasies. He finds a girl to chat with on the internet but is surprised to see a shadow speaking to him.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 43
|EpisodeNumber2 = 17
|Title = Airplane
|DirectedBy = Shruti Iyer, Mahima Mehta, Qutee Nagpal, Gaurav Sharma & Aneesha Shah
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|3|27}}
|ShortSummary = A private plane, which happens to be haunted. The guard checking the plane, gets attacked by an evil spirit, who drags the man in the washroom and mummifies him.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 44
|EpisodeNumber2 = 18
|Title = Screen Queen
|DirectedBy = Sonal Minocha & Anusha Jain
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|4|2}}
|ShortSummary = After a man takes advantage of his employee, he realizes that the house he is in earlier belonged to a yesteryear actress Kalpana, who had passed away after committing several murders.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 45
|EpisodeNumber2 = 19
|Title = Pishachini
|DirectedBy = [[Sonia Singh]], Dishank Arora & Anima Pagare
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|4|3}}
|ShortSummary = A female ghost, haunts a house and the people living in it.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 46
|EpisodeNumber2 = 20
|Title = Aghori
|DirectedBy = [[Samikssha Batnagar]], Anjali Singh & Kamaljeet
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|4|9}}
|ShortSummary = An Aghori is possessed by a mission to attain 'param siddhi' or the boon of eternal power.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 47
|EpisodeNumber2 = 21
|Title = Kinnar
|DirectedBy = Amitabh Mishra, Rahul Verma Rajpoot, Yogendra Kumaria, Khushboo Upadhyay, Sheikh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|4|10}}
|ShortSummary = A woman with her son shifts into the house of her decreased husband which is haunted by a ghost of an eunuch.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 48
|EpisodeNumber2 = 22
|Title = Uttradhikari
|DirectedBy = Ankush Ratnani, Shivani Mahajan, Sonal Bandekar & Sulagna Chatterjee
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|4|16}}
|ShortSummary = A pregnant woman watches a doll and is on the verge of taking it with her. But just then, a wild beast lays his hands on the doll.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 49
|EpisodeNumber2 = 23
|Title = Haunted Villa
|DirectedBy = Mohit Abrol, Priya Shinde & Sunidhi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2016|4|17}}
|ShortSummary = A couple buys a new house, who is unknown of the fact that the house is being haunted.
|LineColor = 295354
}}
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/darr-sabko-lagta-hai/0-6-373/ Official Website] on [[ZEE5]]
*{{IMDb episodes|5680206|Darr Sabko Lagta Hai}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Darr Sabko Lagta Hai episodes}}

[[Category:Lists of anthology television series episodes]]
[[Category:Lists of horror television series episodes]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian television series episodes]]
[[Category:Hindi serials episodes articles]]

Diocese of Southern Karnataka of the Church of South India

2025-11-23T05:32:33Z

Ola22W86488: started entry

{{About|the present Karnataka Southern Diocese|the earlier one in Karnataka|Church of South India Diocese of Mysore}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
[[File:Front Bartholomew Church Mysore Karnataka Jan23 A7C 04866.jpg|thumb|St.Bartholomew's Church, Mysore]]
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Diocese
| name = Karnataka Southern
| image =

| country = [[India]]
| province = [[Church of South India]]

| congregations = 148
| members =
| priests =

| bishop = Rt Rev Hemachandra Kumar

| website = [https://www.csiksd.in Karnataka Southern Diocese]
}}

'''Karnataka Southern Diocese''' is one of the twenty-two dioceses of the Church of South India covering the southern part of [[Karnataka]]. The other [[Church of South India]] dioceses in Karnataka are [[Karnataka Northern Diocese of the Church of South India|Karnataka Northern Diocese]] and [[Central Karnataka Diocese of the Church of South India|Central Karnataka Diocese]]. The Church of South India is a [[United Protestant]] denomination.

==History==
Karnataka Southern Diocese of [[Church of South India]] was formed on 1 May 1970 by the bifurcation of then Mysore diocese.

==About==
The diocese covers 10 districts and consists of 148 churches. The areas which comes under Karnataka southern diocese are [[Dakshina Kannada]], [[Udupi district|Udupi]], [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]], [[Chikmagalur district|Chikmagalur]], [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Mandya district|Mandya]], [[Mysore]], [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]], [[Kasaragod]] and Talavady Firkha (Tamil Nadu).

==Bishops==
;Erstwhile Mysore Diocese
* [[Premaka Gurushantha]] (1947-1951)
* [[Norman C. Sargant]] (1951-1971)
;Karnataka Southern Diocese
* 1970-1978,<ref name="George">K. M. George, ''Church of South India: Life in Union, 1947-1997'', Jointly published by Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge New Delhi and Christava Sahitya Samithi, Tiruvalla, 1999. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zmjZAAAAMAAJ&q=CSI+mysore+diocese&dq=CSI+mysore+diocese]</ref> [[S. R. Furtado]],
* 1989-1997,<ref name="George"/> [[D. P. Shettian]]
* 1997<ref name="George"/>-2004,<ref name="The Hindu"/> [[C. L. Furtado]],
* 2004<ref name="The Hindu">[http://www.thehindu.com/2004/10/10/stories/2004101011990300.htm New Bishop Installed, The Hindu]{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>-2009, [[Devaraj Bangera]],
* 2009<ref>Protestant prelate´s consecration sparks hopes for better ecumenical ties. United Catholic Agency. [http://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/2009/09/01/protestant-prelates-consecration-sparks-hopes-for-better-ecumenical-ties&post_id=50864]</ref>-2013, [[John S. Sadananda]],
* 2013-2021,<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/448052/rev-mohan-manoraj-csiamp8200bishop.html Mohan Manoraj New Bishop, Deccan Heralad]</ref> [[Mohan Manoraj]]
* 2022- Present, [[Hemachandra Kumar]]

==Notable churches==
[[File:Shanti church.jpg|thumb|Shanthi Cathedral]]
* Shanthi Cathedral, [[Balmatta]], Mangalore
On 30 October 1834, Rev J C Lehner, Rev C L Grainer and Rev Samuel Hebich established the first station of the Basel Mission in a rented house obtained from a [[Parsis|Parsi]] family in Mission Street which was then known as Neereshwalya. The Collector of Mangalore at that time, H M Blair, bought a plot at what was then known as ‘Belmount’ and handed it over to the Basel Mission free of cost. On 11 December 1862, the new church building was consecrated and named the Shanthi Church. By virtue of its strategic location in the Southern Diocese, the Shanthi Church was elevated to the status of Cathedral in the year 1970.<ref>[http://mangalorehistory.blogspot.in/2013/07/shanthi-cathedralhistory-of-150-years.html 'Shanthi Cathedral'- History of 150 years]</ref>
* C.S.I Sawday Memorial Church, Mandya
The church is dedicated in memory of George William Sawday, a missionary born in England who arrived in Mysore in 1880 and did community service for 64 years till his death in 1944. The Sadway Memorial Church is situated in [[Mandya]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysore/Man-behind-noble-mission/articleshow/12311689.cms?referral=PM Man behind noble mission]</ref>
* [[St. Bartholomew's Church, Mysore]]
The site for the [[St. Bartholomew's Church, Mysore|St. Bartholomew's Church]] was a gift from the Maharaja of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]] (1799-1868),<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/127952/F A historic church in Mysore]</ref> and it was consecrated in 1830. The church was constructed in 1832 with contributions from military officers and civilians. In 1847, the church was affiliated to the Anglican denomination and handed over to the Madras Government in 1852.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040930164113/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/18/stories/2004091806040300.htm Celebrating 175 years of Bartholomew Church]</ref>
* [[St. Paul's Church, Mangalore|St. Paul’s Church, Mangalore]]
St. Paul’s Church is located at the NW corner of the Central Maidan (now renamed [[Nehru Maidan]])[https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Nehru+Maidan/@12.8626609,74.838781,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x3ba35bad7ce83f17:0x42ec835c0e09ef3c], in [[Mangalore]], India. St. Paul's is the very first [[Protestant]] church to be raised in the [[South Kanara]] region, and the first vertical building to be constructed at the Central Maidan. St. Paul's was originally a garrison church, raised by the British India army of the [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] Government, built using prison labour.<ref name=DH-2011>{{cite news|last1=Fernandes|first1=Ronald Anil|title=A mute witness to history|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/166246/archives.php|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=3 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=Daji-2006>{{cite news|last1=Nandalike|first1=Walter|title=Exclusive St. Paul's - Canara's First Protestant Church|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/printer.asp?aid=259&tname=exclusive&ec_referred_id=259&ec_column_id=exclusive|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Mangalore|publisher=Daji World|date=26 March 2006}}</ref> St. Paul's is an imposing structure amidst the chaos of the fish market, service bus stand, and the [[State Bank of India]].<ref name=DH-2010>{{cite news|last1=Shet|first1=LJ S|title=Old British 'Military Church' of M'lore|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/108782/old-british-military-church-mlore.html|accessdate=13 August 2015|issue=Deccan Herald|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=29 October 2010}}</ref>

==Institutions==

*CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital (Mission Hospital), Mandi Mohalla, Mysore
The Hospital is founded by the Wesleyan Missionaries from UK in 1906. Currently it is a 300 bed multi specialty hospital.

===Educational Institutions under the Diocese===
*Primary Schools -43
*Nursing Schools-30
*High Schools-6
*Junior Colleges-3
*Vocational Institutions-10
*Technical Institutions-1

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Church of South India]]
*[[Karnataka Northern Diocese of the Church of South India|Karnataka Northern Diocese]]
*[[Central Karnataka Diocese of the Church of South India|Central Karnataka Diocese]]
{{Dioceses in the Church of South India}}
{{Churches in India}}
[[Category:Church of South India dioceses|Southern Karnataka]]
[[Category:Christianity in Karnataka]]

Quirk Memorial Baptist Church

2025-10-20T19:39:23Z

Ola22W86488: new first details basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox church
| name = Quirk Memorial Baptist Church
| image =
| landscape =
| caption =
| country = [[India]]
| website = {{url|http://www.qmbchurch.com}}
| former name = Baptist Church, Maddilapalem
| founded date = {{start date and age|1948}}<ref name="Northern">G. Mathew Peter, P. S. Sunder Singh, G. Isaiah, D. Ananda Rao (Edited), ''Souvenir of 125 years platinum jubilee celebrations of northern association of CBCNC'', 2008, pp.281-282.</ref>
| founder = [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]]
| dedicated date =
| denomination = [[Baptist]]
| associations = [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]
| attendance =
| status = [[Church (building)|Church]]
| functional status = Active
| style = [[Postmodernism]]
| groundbreaking =
| completed date =
| materials =
| division =
| seniorpastor = [[The Reverend|Rev.]] G. Isaiah,<ref name="Palm">[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/palm-sunday-celebrated/article5908465.ece ''Palm Sunday celebrated'' in The Hindu, Visakhapatnam, 13 April 2014]</ref> [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars|CBCNC]]
| pastor = [[The Reverend|Rev.]] H. Prem Kumar
| musicgroup = [[Contemporary worship music]]
}}
'''Quirk Memorial Baptist Church (QMB Church)''', founded in 1948,<ref name="Northern"/> is a [[Baptist]] Church affiliated to the [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]. The Church is located on Rama Talkies Road in [[Resapuvanipalem]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] ([[India]]).

The QMB Church is known among the Churches in [[Visakhapatnam]] for its proactive<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/prayers-mark-good-friday/article5925978.ece ''Prayers mark Good Friday'' in The Hindu, Visakhapatna, 19 April 2014]</ref> programmes.<ref name="Palm"/>

==History==
The founding of the Church is attributed to the missionary endeavour of the [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]] which embarked on an overseas missionary enterprise in 1874 through the efforts of [[Thomas Gabriel (missionary)|Thomas Gabriel]]. The QMB Church was established in [[postcolonialism]] era in 1948<ref name="Northern"/> by [[The Reverend]] [[E. L. Quirk]] who founded<ref name="Northern"/> what was originally known as the Baptist Church Maddilapalem.<ref name="Northern"/> The old edifice was reconstructed and dedicated on 24 July 1985.<ref name="Northern"/>

After more than twenty years, a new edifice was constructed and dedicated on [[May Day]]<ref name="QMB">[http://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=108471555 ''QMB Church Dedication'' in The Hindu Images, 2009]</ref> 2009 in the presence of the [[Baptist]] [[patriarchs]] comprising [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] C. L. Johnson,<ref name="Invite">Invitation Card of dedication of new Church building of the QMB Church, Visakhapatnam.</ref> [[CBCNC]], then Principal of the [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] and [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Babu Rao,<ref name="Invite"/> [[CBCNC]], then Church Relations Coordinator of [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]] during the incumbency of the present Pastor, [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Isaiah.<ref name="QMB"/>

==The Pastor==
The senior Pastor, [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Isaiah comes with enough experience in Pastoralia and had been an [[aspirant]] at the [[Baptist Theological Seminary (India)|Baptist Theological Seminary]], [[Kakinada]] during the period of [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[S. E. Krupa Rao]], [[CBCNC]]. Subsequently, the Seminary Council sent Isaiah for ministerial formation to the [[Andhra Christian Theological College]], [[Hyderabad]] where Isaiah pursued spiritual studies during 1986-1989<ref name="Ruby">G. Isaiah (Edited), ''Ruby Centennial Celebrations Souvenir of the St. Peter's Centenary Baptist Church'', Published by St. Peter's Centenary Baptist Church, Gunnanapudi.</ref> during the Principalship of [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[Suppogu Joseph|S. Joseph]], [[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches|STBC]] and other Spiritual Formators including [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[M. Victor Paul]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]], [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[:de:Jürgen Fangmeier|Jürgen Fangmeier]],<ref>Leonore Krenzlin, Klaus Weigelt (Edited), ''Ernst Wiechert im Gespräch: Begegnungen und Einblicke in sein Werk'', De Gruyter, Berlin, 2010, p.300.[https://books.google.com/books?id=E8PThgA8vroC&dq=jurgen+fangmeier+hyderabad&pg=PA300]</ref> [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[R. R. Sundara Rao]], [[Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church|AELC]], [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[Regunta Yesurathnam|R. Yesurathnam]], [[Church of South India|CSI]] and [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[G. Dyvasirvadam]], [[Church of South India|CSI]]. As part of the University criteria, Isaiah also submitted a dissertation entitled, ''The life history of Prof. [[Muthyala Theophilus|M. Theophilus]] and his contribution to the [[CBCNC]]'',<ref name="Ruby"/> fulfilling the requirements for the award of [[Bachelor of Divinity]] degree by the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]], [[Serampore]], [[West Bengal]]. The succeeding year, in 1990, Isaiah was awarded the [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] degree by the University during the Registrarship of [[The Reverend|The Rev.]] [[D. S. Satyaranjan]], [[Indian Pentecostal Church of God|IPC]].

==Succession of Pastors==
Source:<ref name="Souvenir">Katapalli Israel, ''Church Secretary's Report: Pastors who served the Church from 1948-1998'' in ''Golden Jubilee Celebrations Souvenir 1948-1998 of the Quirk Memorial Baptist Church, Visakhapatnam'', 1998.</ref>

The QMB Church being a member of the [[Protestant]] [[Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]], Pastors here have adequate ministerial formation at any of the affiliated seminaries of the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)]].
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 5px solid #BBB; margin: .96em 0 0 .9em;"
|- style="font-size: 86%;"
|'''Succession of Pastors'''
|-
|[[Pastor]] G. Joseph, [[CBCNC]]
|-
||[[Pastor]] K. Prakasha Rao, [[CBCNC]]
|-
||[[Pastor]] John Victor, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|[[The Reverend|The Rev.]] K. Y. Krupadanam, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|[[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Peter, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|[[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Lazarus, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|[[The Reverend|The Rev.]] D. Daniel, [[CBCNC]]
|-
||[[Pastor]] I. John Simon, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|[[The Reverend|The Rev.]] G. Sanjeeva Rao, [[CBCNC]]
|-
||[[Pastor]] K. Kumar Thomas, [[CBCNC]]
|-
||[[Pastor]] G. John Peter, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|[[The Reverend|The Rev.]] K. Y. Krupadanam, [[CBCNC]]
|-
||[[Pastor]] G. Steven Peter, [[CBCNC]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Churches in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Baptist churches in India]]
[[Category:19th-century Baptist churches]]
[[Category:Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Canadian Baptist Ministries]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]

Atul Kaushik

2025-10-18T15:05:46Z

Ola22W86488: made new article

{{Short description|Indian Paralympic athlete (born 1996)}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Atul Kaushik
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|04|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kair, Delhi|Kair]], [[Delhi]], India
| sport = [[Para-athletics]]
| event = [[Discus throw]]
| disability_class = [[F57 (classification)|F57]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[para-athletics]]}} [[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}{{MedalCompetition|[[World Para Athletics Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 World Para Athletics Championships|2025 New Delhi]]|[[2025 World Para Athletics Championships – Men's discus throw#Medalists|Discus throw F57]]}}
}}

'''Atul Kaushik''' (born 22 April 1996) is an Indian [[para-athletics|para]] [[Discus throw|discus thrower]] who competes in F57 category.

==Early life==
Born to a farmer in [[Kair, Delhi|Kair]], [[Delhi]], Kaushik was born with polio on his left leg. He took up para sports when he was five years old.<ref name="PIN">{{cite web|url=https://thepatriot.in/sport/polio-no-hurdle-for-this-farmers-son-44058|title=Polio no hurdle for this farmer’s son|first=Navneet|last=Singh|publisher=The Patriot|date=2023-12-28}}</ref> Kaushik hadn't realized about this until 2016, when he watch an episode of [[Comedy Nights with Kapil]] that featured [[Deepa Malik]] and [[Mariyappan Thangavelu]], both in whom medalled at the [[2016 Summer Paralympics]]. As a result, he decided to take up an interest in para athletics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/world-para-athletics-championships-inspired-by-comedy-nights-with-kapil-atul-kaushik-takes-first-step-towards-greatness-with-bronze-medal-10284643/lite/|title=World Para Athletics Championships: Inspired by ‘Comedy Nights with Kapil’, Atul Kaushik takes first step towards greatness with bronze medal|first=Pritish|last=Raj|publisher=The Indian Express|date=2025-10-03}}</ref>

==Career==
At the [[2023 Khelo India Para Games]], Kaushik won the gold medal in the shot put.<ref name="PIN"/>

In March 2025, Kaushik competed in the World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2025 New Delhi, where he won the gold medal in the discus throw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/world-para-athletics-grand-prix-2025-new-delhi-india-day-2-report|title=World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2025 New Delhi: Rinku Hooda shines with gold medal in javelin throw|website=Olympics.com|date=2025-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://revsportz.in/rinku-hooda-leads-indias-dominance-in-javelin-at-world-para-athletics-grand-prix-2025/|title=Rinku Hooda Leads India’s Dominance in Javelin at World Para Athletics Grand Prix 2025|publisher=Revsportz|date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Several months later, he represented India at the [[2025 World Para Athletics Championships]] and won the bronze medal in the [[2025 World Para Athletics Championships – Men's discus throw|discus throw]] event,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/athletics/dharambir-wins-club-throw-silver-atul-kaushik-discus-bronze-medal-world-para-athletics-championships-2025/article70118662.ece|title=World Para Athletics Championships 2025: Dharambir wins silver in club throw F51, Atul grabs discus throw F57 bronze|publisher=The Sportstar|date=2025-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/athletics/indians-results-medals-world-para-athletics-championships-2025-october-2-day-6-new-delhi/article70118270.ece|title=World Para Athletics Championships 2025, October 2: Indian results and medals on Day 6|publisher=The Sportster|date=2025-10-02}}</ref> becoming the second Indian to win a world medal in this event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/para-sports/dharambir-silver-atul-kaushik-bronze-world-para-2025-54794|title=Dharambir wins silver, Atul Kaushik claims bronze at World Para Athletics C'ships 2025|publisher=The Bridge|date=2025-10-02}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaushik, Atul}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Delhi]]
[[Category:People from South West Delhi district]]
[[Category:Indian men discus throwers]]
[[Category:Indian men shot putters]]
[[Category:Medalists at the World Para Athletics Championships]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Sathram Airstrip

2025-09-28T23:48:06Z

Ola22W86488: new initial article nd citations

{{refimprove|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Sathram Airstrip
| nativename = സത്രം എയർസ്ട്രിപ്പ്
| image =
| type = Public / Military
| owner = [[Government of Kerala]]
| operator = [[Department of Revenue and Land Survey|Kerala Revenue Department]] / [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]]
| city-served = [[Vandiperiyar]], [[Idukki district]]
| location = Sathram, [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9|31|19|N|077|05|46|E|type:airport_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| footnotes = Sources: Kerala Revenue Department, NCC, media reports
}}
'''Sathram Airstrip''' is a small training airstrip located in [[Idukki]], [[Kerala]], [[India]], developed primarily for [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC]] cadet aviation programs. Situated near the [[Periyar Tiger Reserve]], the airstrip faces environmental and legal challenges but is also viewed as a potential hub for emergency response and regional air connectivity.

== History ==
In 2017, the [[Department of Revenue and Land Survey|Kerala Revenue Department]] allotted 12 acres of land for the Sathram Airstrip. Constructed at an estimated cost of ₹13 crore, the facility was initially designed to support NCC Air Wing training.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

In July 2022, heavy rainfall triggered a landslip that damaged approximately 100 meters of the airstrip’s shoulder. Reconstruction efforts have been delayed due to opposition from the [[Kerala Forest Department]], which claims the area is part of reserve forestland. The [[Kerala Public Works Department]] (PWD) has invited tenders for soil testing and is awaiting clearance to resume work.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} The [[Chief Minister of Kerala]] is monitoring the project, and a high-level meeting involving Forest and Revenue Ministers is expected to resolve the land dispute.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Reconstruction work on airstrip at Sathram in Idukki to begin soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/reconstruction-work-on-airstrip-at-sathram-in-idukki-to-begin-soon/article69601746.ece |website=The Hindu |date=May 21, 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref> Local residents and plantation workers have expressed frustration over delays in reconstruction and administrative bottlenecks. The lack of timely caste certificates has affected access to education and government benefits. [[Peerumade]] MLA Vazhoor Soman raised these issues in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]], urging government intervention.<ref>{{cite web |title=എല്ലാറ്റിനും ഉടക്കിട്ട് വകുപ്പുകൾ; നെട്ടോട്ടമോടി നാട്ടുകാർ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/idukki/2025/08/24/sathram-airstrip-project-delay.html |website=Malayala Manorama |date=August 25, 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

A successful trial landing was conducted in December 2022 using a [[Pipistrel Virus|Virus SW80]] aircraft from [[Kochi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sathram airstrip landing attempt failed again |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/kerala-news/sathram-airstrip-landing-attempt-failed-again-rdb5pr |website=Asianet News |date=December 2022 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Airplane lands at Sathram airstrip in Vandiperiyar on third attempt |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=957272&u=airplane-lands-at-sathram-airstrip-in-vandiperiyar-on-third-attempt |website=Kerala Kaumudi |date=December 2022 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

In 2025, the [[Government of Kerala]] has fast-tracked airstrip projects in [[Idukki district|Idukki]], [[Wayanad]], and [[Kasaragod]] to improve regional air connectivity. A joint venture between [[RITES]] and KIIFCON is conducting feasibility studies, and ₹1.5 crore has been allocated for detailed project reports.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala fast-tracks airstrip projects in Idukki, Wayanad, and Kasaragod to boost regional connectivity and tourism |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jun/15/kerala-fast-tracks-airstrip-projects-in-idukki-wayanad-and-kasaragod-to-boost-regional-connectivity-and-tourism |website=The New Indian Express |date=June 15, 2025 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

== Usage ==
The airstrip serves multiple roles:
* Training: National Cadet Corps (NCC) officials stated that the airstrip will serve as a training hub, with the capacity to train up to 1,000 cadets annually.<ref name=":0" /> There are future plans to include drone operations and licensing programs.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
* Emergency Operations: Designated for use by the [[Indian Air Force]] and the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA), especially during the [[Sabarimala]] pilgrimage season.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
* Tourism and Connectivity: The [[Government of Kerala]] aims to integrate the airstrip into the [[UDAN]] regional connectivity scheme.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}
== Environmental and legal concerns ==
The airstrip is located approximately 600 meters from the [[Periyar Tiger Reserve]], raising concerns about its impact on wildlife and forest ecosystems. Environmentalists have filed legal petitions, and the [[Kerala High Court]] is reviewing the project's ecological implications. The [[Kerala Forest Department|Forest Department]] has cited the Kerala Forest Act, 1961, which requires Union government approval for diversion of forestland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Will new airstrip in Kerala's Idukki be a permanent threat to Periyar Tiger Reserve? |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/forests/will-new-airstrip-in-kerala-s-idukki-be-a-permanent-threat-to-periyar-tiger-reserve-81724 |website=Down To Earth |date=October 2022 |access-date=29 August 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Airports in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Idukki district]]
[[Category:Geography of Idukki district]]
[[Category:Airstrips in India]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]
[[Category:Military education and training in India]]
[[Category:Airports established in the 2010s]]

151 Air Defence Regiment (India)

2025-08-27T10:41:32Z

Ola22W86488: made a entry

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=151 Air Defence Regiment (Self Propelled)
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1966 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[Corps of Army Air Defence]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment=

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=151 AD Regt (SP)
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=''Chhamb Warriors''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dvnews.skyrock.com/3283058522-CYCLE-EXPEDITION-TO-COMMEMORATE-GOLDEN-JUBILEE-CELEBRATION-OF-151-AIR.html|title=Cycle Expedition To Commemorate Golden Jubilee Celebration Of 151 Air Defence Regiment (SP) (Chhamb) From Manali To Nako|work=Skyrock |date=2016-09-02|access-date=2023-06-29 |author1=Dvnews }}</ref>
|patron=
|motto= [[Sanskrit]]: {{lang|sa|आकाशे शत्रुन् जहि}} <br/>[[English language|English]]: {{lang|en|Defeat the Enemy in the Sky}}
|colors= {{color box|#81BFFD}} {{color box|#DB0606}}<br/> Sky Blue and Red
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=1 July (Raising Day)<br/>5 December (Chhamb Day)<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Gautam|title= Indian Army, a Reference Manual|page=65|publisher= Reliance Publishing House|year=2000|isbn= 978-8175101142}}</ref>
|decorations=
|battle_honours=[[Battle of Chumb|Chhamb]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Das|first= Chand N|title=Hours of Glory: famous battles of the Indian army, 1801-1971|publisher=Vision Books|year=1997|page=162|isbn= 978-8170940692}}</ref>
}}
'''151 Air Defence Regiment (Self Propelled)''' is part of the [[Corps of Army Air Defence]] of the [[Indian Army]]. It consists of 1511, 1512 and 1513 air defence batteries.
== Formation==
151 Air Defence Regiment was raised on 1 July 1966 at [[Army Ordnance Corps (India)|Army Ordnance Corps]] Centre at [[Secunderabad]].<ref name="151APO">{{cite web|url= https://samsshopping.com/product/151-air-defence-regiment-self-propelled-chhamb/|title=151 AD-Golden Jubilee -Indian Army Postal Cover|date=2016-12-05|access-date=2023-06-29}}</ref>
==Equipment==
At raising, the regiment was equipped with [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun]]s. The unit was re-organised as a Composite Air Defence Regiment in November 1977, when it was equipped with one battery of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[ZSU-23-4 Shilka]] self-propelled, radar-guided anti-aircraft weapon system and two batteries of Soviet [[ZU-23-2|ZU-23]] towed 23×152 mm anti-aircraft twin-barrelled auto-cannons. On 1 December 1983, the regiment was re-organised as 151 Air Defence Regiment (Self Propelled) with three batteries of Schilkas. The unit became the first one to be equipped with the upgraded Schilka systems in 2014.<ref name="151APO"/>
==Operations==
The regiment has taken part in the following operations:<ref name="151APO"/>
;[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
The unit equipped with L/60 guns took part in Operation Cactus Lily in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in December 1971. 1511 battery played an important role in the defence of [[Srinagar Airport|Srinagar airfield]]. The airfield was subject to daily Pakistani air attacks between 3 and 6 December, 1971. There were sporadic raids after that till 10 December. The AD gunners, to their credit, foiled every attack to this vital airfield and claimed three hits, including one downing of a Pakistani [[North American F-86 Sabre|Sabre]] jet.<ref name="Jagjit1">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit|title=Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971|date=1994|publisher= Spantech & Lancer|isbn=978-1897829554|page=131}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Das|first= Chand N|title=Hours of Glory: famous battles of the Indian army, 1801-1971|publisher=Vision Books|year=1997|page=161|isbn= 978-8170940692}}</ref>

1512 battery did well in defending field artillery guns, wagon lines, [[Akhnoor]] ferry, Mandiala bridge and the divisional headquarters of [[10th Indian Infantry Division|10 Infantry Division]].<ref name="Jagjit1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/203255/5/chapter%203.pdf|title=Anjan Mukherjee in Evolution of Indian Artillery and its Impact on India's Comprehensive Military Power, chapter II|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=USI Journal, July – September 1990|last=Singh|first=Lt Gen RK Jasbir|publisher=United Service Institution of India|title=USI Journal|page=317}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/review-of-battle-of-chamb-1971/|title=Review of Battle of Chamb 1971|date=2021-04-04|access-date=2023-06-29}}</ref> Two troops were part of the 26 Artillery Brigade under 26 Infantry Division.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit|title=While Memory is Fresh|date=2006|publisher=Lancer Publishers, New Delhi|isbn= 978-8170622154|pages=230}}</ref>

For its effective deterrence during the battle, the unit was awarded the honour title 'Chhamb'.<ref name="Jagjit1"/>

The unit won the following gallantry awards-
*[[Vir Chakra]] – Gunner Arumugam P (posthumous) for operations in Srinagar airfield, where he downed a Sabre jet, but was killed in strafing by a follow up jet.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1320-1972-0025-58795.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 25, page 669|date=1972-06-17|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref> Havildar Uttam Jawalge won the award for shooting down a Sabre which was involved in the air attack to the divisional headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1321-1972-0034-58847.pdf| title=Gazette of India, No 34, page 935|date=1972-08-19|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref>
*[[Mentioned in dispatches]] – Naik Dattatray Pawar, Gunner Joseph Dunna<ref>{{cite web|url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1974/O-1253-1974-0019-55503.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 19, page 540|date=1974-05-11|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref>
;[[Operation Brasstacks|Operation Trident]]
December 1986-March 1987.
;Operation Rakshak
Counter terrorism operations in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] (November 1982-February 1983) and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (August 1988-June 1999). The unit won the following gallantry awards –
*[[Sena Medal]] – Captain Suranjan Banerjee (posthumous, 1997)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1998/O-0151-1998-0048-5042.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 48, page 654|date=1998-11-28|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref> and Major JR Sharma (1999).
;[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay]]
Lieutenant Colonel R Shrivasvat was awarded the COAS Commendation Card for his commendable performance as a Brigade Major of an Infantry Brigade during the operations.
;[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Operation Parakram]]
December 2001-March 2003. The unit lost Havildar KBMB Tadavi and Gunner Gopa Kumar P during the operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalwarmemorial.gov.in/roll-of-honours/details/15973|title=HAV TADAVI K B M B|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref>

==Achievements==
*The Regiment was awarded Director General Army Air Defence ''Unit Appreciation award'' twice.<ref name="151APO"/>
*The regiment had the honour to participate in the [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day Parade]] in 1984 with its Shilka weapon systems.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APTzgRcn254 |title=Republic day parade 1984|website=[[YouTube]] |date=19 January 2021|access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref>
*Major Sachin Nugyal was awarded [[Commendation Cards (Indian Army)|COAS Commendation Card]] in August 2025 for [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict|Operation Sindoor]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/aug/doc2025814609101.pdf|title=List of personnel being conferred with COAS Commendation Card on the occasion of Independence Day 2025 (Op Sindoor)|date=2025-08-14|access-date=2025-08-22}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1966]]
[[Category:Air defence regiments of the Indian Army]]

Sagardighi (community development block)

2025-08-27T02:39:34Z

Ola22W86488: new first entry basic info

{{For|other places with the same name|Sagardighi (disambiguation){{!}}Sagardighi}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sagardighi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Sagardighi in Murshidabad.svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.28|N|88.10|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Subrata Saha
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 345.20
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 32
| population_total = 310,461
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy
| demographics2_title2 = [[Literacy]] (2011)
| demographics2_info2 = 65.27%
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 742226 (Sagardighi)<br/>742237 (Kabilpur)
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 91 3483
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-57, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-58
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 = 962 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Sagardighi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sagardighi]]
| website = {{URL|murshidabad.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Sagardighi''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Jangipur subdivision]] of [[Murshidabad district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
===Stone Age===
Small weapons made of stone, which are around 15,000-20,000 years old, have been discovered by archaeologists of the State Archaeology Department at Ekani Chandpara in Sagardighi. Apart from the weapons they also discovered raw materials and scrap, which indicates that the weapons were made at this place itself.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7315386.stm| title = Ancient weapons dug up in India | access-date = 14 February 2009 | publisher =BBC News, 28 March 2008 | date=28 March 2008 | first=Amitabha | last=Bhattasali}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.stonepages.com/news/archives/002766.html | title = Stone Age weapons dug up in India | access-date = 14 February 2009 | publisher =Archaeo News, 31 March 2008}}</ref>

===Pala period===
Sagardighi has many remains of the [[Pala Empire|Pala dynasty]]. There is a lake of the name, which is the largest in the district. It was dug up by [[Mahipala]].<ref name=govt>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/tourism5.htm | title = Tourism | access-date = 14 February 2009 | work = Sagardighi Zone | publisher = District Administration | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090224094658/http://murshidabad.gov.in/tourism5.htm | archive-date = 24 February 2009 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

===Gauda Sultanate===
[[Alauddin Hussain Shah|Hussain Shah]], the greatest of [[Sultans]] of [[Gauḍa region|Gauda]], was associated with Chandpara or Ekani Chandpara in Sagardighi block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/milestone.htm | title = Chronological History of Murshidabad | access-date = 14 February 2009 | work = Independent Sultanate of Gauda | publisher = District Administration | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110716082026/http://www.murshidabad.gov.in/milestone.htm | archive-date = 16 July 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Sekherdighi is a large lake excavated by him.<ref name=govt/>

===British Period===
During the British Raj, the Murshidabad leadership of the Nawabs became weak and the British gave charge of revenue collections to a few noble [[Rajput]] Marwari's. These nobles were given the title of '[[Zamindar]]' (Land owners). The Kothari family reigned over Sagardighi from the time of [[Mir Qasim]] until the abolishment of the Zamindari system after the independence of India. The last ruling Zamindar of Sagardighi and the surrounding areas of Ratanpur was Bimal Singh Kothari. His family/descendants continue to live in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata).

==Geography==
Sagardighi is located at {{Coord|24.28|N|88.10|E|}}

Sagardighi CD block lies in the [[Rarh]] region in Murshidabad district. The [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi River]] splits the district into two natural physiographic regions – Rarh on the west and Bagri on the east. The Rarh region is undulating and contains mostly [[clay]] and [[laterite|lateritic]] clay based soil. As the [[Rajmahal hills]] slopes gently down from adjoining [[Jharkhand]] it forms the Nabagram plain at the lowest edge of its elevation in this region. The eastern slope of the region is characterised by the existence of numerous [[cliff]]s and [[Beach ridge|bluffs]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher= Murshidabad district authorities| access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref>

Sagardighi CD block is bounded by [[Raghunathganj I]] and [[Raghunathganj II]] CD blocks in the north, [[Lalgola (community development block)|Lalgola]] CD block in the east, [[Nabagram (community development block)|Nabagram]] CD block in the south and [[Nalhati II]] CD block, in Birbhum district, in the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/murshidabad.html |title = Tehsil Map of Murshidabad |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 6 August 2017}}</ref>

The Rarh region or the western part of the district is drained by the right bank tributaries of the Bhagirathi, flowing down from the hilly / plateau region of [[Santhal Pargana division]] in neighbouring Jharkhand. The [[Farakka Barrage]] regulates the flow of water into the Bhagirathi through the feeder canal. Thereafter, it is fed with the discharge from the Mayurakshi system. About 1,800 km<sup>2</sup> of area in the neighbourhood of [[Kandi, Murshidabad|Kandi]] town is flooded by the combined discharge of the [[Mayurakshi River|Mayurakshi]], [[Dwarka River|Dwarka]], [[Brahmani River (Birbhum)|Brahmani]], Gambhira, [[Kopai River|Kopai]] and [[Bakreshwar River|Bakreshwar]] – the main contributor being the Mayurakshi. Certain other areas in the western sector also get flooded.<ref name=river>{{cite web | url = http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820073737/http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 August 2017 | title = Types and sources of floods in Murshidabad, West Bengal | work = Swati Mollah | publisher = Indian Journal of Applied Research, February 2013 | access-date = 15 August 2017 }}</ref>

Sagardighi CD block has an area of 345.42 km<sup>2</sup>. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 11 [[gram panchayat]]s, 199 gram sansads (village councils), 197 [[mouza]]s and 178 inhabited villages. [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad#Police station|Sagardighi]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad, Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 21 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at Sagardighi.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Murshidabad with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref>

Rural area under Sagardighi block consists of 11 [[gram panchayat]]s, viz. Harhari, Balia, Bokhara–I, Kabilpur, Patkeldanga, Bannyeswar, Bokhara–II, Manigram, Sagardighi, Barala, Gobordhandanga and Moregram.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Murshidabad - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 August 2017}}</ref>

Chandpara and Kherur are villages under Monigram gram panchayat.

Some 2,000 migratory [[Asian Openbill Stork|open-bill storks]], locally known as ''shamukkhol'' (oyster shell), are found settling every year near the marshy lands in the Milki area of Sagardighi.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=23&id=53905&usrsess=1 | title =Migratory birds count dwindle | publisher =The Statesman, 18 October 2003. | access-date = 14 February 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Sagardighi CD block had a total population of 310,461, all of which were rural. There were 158,641 (51%) males and 151,820 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years numbered 46,641. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 58,308 (18.78%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 19,811 (6.38%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 14 October 2015}}</ref>

In 2011 Sagardighi (village) had a population of 1,966.<ref name=census2011/>

In 2001, Sagardighi CD block had a population of 252,360 in 2001, out of which 128,596 were males and 123,764 were females. Decadal growth during the period 1991-2001 was 26.76 per cent against decadal growth of 23.70 per cent in Murshidabad District.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url= http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_7.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 8 June 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 – Mushidabad district |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205646/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_7.htm |archive-date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> Decadal growth in 1991-2001 in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2012-04-12 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

The decadal growth of population in Sagardighi CD block in 2001-2011 was 23.06%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001–2011, Page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref>

The decadal growth rate of population in Murshidabad district was as follows: 33.5% in 1951–61, 28.6% in 1961–71, 25.5% in 1971–81, 28.2% in 1981-91, 23.8% in 1991-2001 and 21.1% in 2001-11.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Growth Rate, Page 44 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref> The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.<ref name="Decadal Growth Rate">{{cite web | url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/census2011/decadal-growth-rate.html | title = Decadal Growth Rate | publisher = Mps of India | access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref>

There are reports of [[Illegal immigration to India|Bangladeshi infiltrators]] entering Murshidabad district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/bangladeshi-infiltration-the-reality-check.html|title = Bangladeshi Infiltration: The Reality Check |publisher= The Pioneer, 27 June 2015 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref><ref name=telegraph>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051205225003/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050823/asp/nation/story_5136259.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 December 2005 |title = Report taking shape amid infiltration buzz |publisher= The Telegraph, 23 August 2005 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref>

'''Decadal [[Population growth|Population Growth]] Rate (%)'''
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar-chart
| group 1 = 0 : 0 : 26.76 : 23.06
| group 2 = 25.5 : 28.2 : 23.8 : 21.1
| group 3 = 23.2: 24.6 : 17.84 : 13.9

| colors = olive : yellow : violet
| group names = Sagardighi CD block : Murshidabad district : West Bengal
| x legends = 1971–1981 : 1981–1991: 1991–2001: 2001-2011
}}

Sources:<ref name="Decadal Growth Rate"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Growth Rate, Page 44 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 25 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001–2011, Page 50 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2012-04-12 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.voiceofdharma.org/books/tfst/appii1.htm | title = Population explosion in West Bengal: a survey | work = Table 1.1 Population in West Bengal 1941-1991 | publisher = South Asian Research Society | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808081840/http://voiceofdharma.org/books/tfst/appii1.htm | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbdma.gov.in/PDF/census2001/Population_Decadal_Growth_Rate_Density_and_General_Sex.pdf | title = Final Population Totals West Bengal | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170902053520/http://www.wbdma.gov.in/PDF/census2001/Population_Decadal_Growth_Rate_Density_and_General_Sex.pdf | archive-date = 2 September 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Villages===
Large villages in Sagardighi CD block were (2011 population figures in brackets):Ramna Sekhdighi (6,367), Gangadda (4,801), Kismatgadi (4,185), Sahebnagar (9,453), [[Manigram]] (4,162), Bokhara (8,000), Jugor (6,080), Popara (10,107), Balia (10,299), Kabilpur (16,489), Charkabilpur (5,438), Char Mathurapur (7,112), Sinheswari Gauripur (4,921), Harhari and Dasturhat (9,959).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Sagardighi CD block was 172,182 (65.26% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 92,101 (68.34% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 80,081 (62.05% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 6.29%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Murshidabad district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Sagardighi CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|64.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|31.56}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in West Bengal|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|1.85}}
{{bar percent|[[Sarnaism]]|maroon|1.79}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.09}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 200,796 and formed 64.68% of the population in Sagardighi CD block. Hindus numbered 97,968 and formed 31.56% of the population. Others numbered 11,697 and formed 3.76% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In Sagardighi CD Block while the proportion of Muslims increased from 59.75% in 1991 to 62.18% in 2001, the proportion of Hindus declined from 39.18% in 1991 to 35.55% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad| work = Table 17.1, Population by religion in the blocks of Murshidabad| publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 21 November 2018| archive-date = 21 January 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Murshidabad district had 4,707,573 Muslims who formed 66.27% of the population, 2,359,061 Hindus who formed 33.21% of the population, and 37, 173 persons belonging to other religions who formed 0.52% of the population, in the 2011 census. While the proportion of Muslim population in the district increased from 61.40% in 1991 to 63.67% in 2001, the proportion of Hindu population declined from 38.39% in 1991 to 35.92% in 2001.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Table 2.10, Population by religion in the district of Murshidabad, 1991 and 2001 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 21 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bengal-beats-India-in-Muslim-growth-rate/articleshow/48675987.cms |title = Bengal beats India in Muslim growth rate|publisher= The Times of India, 26 August 2015 | access-date = 23 July 2017}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Sagardighi CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 93.94 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 5.83 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.23 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 93.94% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 5.83% [[Santali language|Santali]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
As per the Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal, the rural poverty ratio in Murshidabad district was 46.12%. Purulia, Bankura and Birbhum districts had higher rural poverty ratios. These estimates were based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999-2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 20 November 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
In Sagadighi CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 18,108 and formed 16.20%, agricultural labourers numbered 55,413 and formed 49.56%, household industry workers numbered 8,251 and formed 7.38% and other workers numbered 30,036 and formed 26.86%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Murshidabad | work = Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 21 November 2018 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 178 inhabited villages in Sagardighi CD block. 100% villages have power supply. 176 villages (98.88%) have drinking water supply. 32 villages (17.98%) have post offices. 165 villages (92.70%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 39 villages (21.91%) have a pucca approach road and 39 villages (21.91%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 9 villages (5.06%) have agricultural credit societies and 13 villages (7.30%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 96-97 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

===Sagardighi Thermal Power Station===
The [[Sagardighi Thermal Power Station]] of [[West Bengal Power Development Corporation]], at [[Manigram]], initially had a capacity of 2 x 300 MW, commissioned in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | title = The West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited | work = Sagardighi Thermal Power Project | publisher = WBPDCL | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-date = 23 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823115439/http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> It was subsequently expanded by 2 x 500 MW. The expansion units were commissioned in 2015<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/bhel-commissions-thermal-unit-in-west-bengal-115121500883_1.html | title = Bhel commissions thermal unit in West Bengal | publisher = Business Standard, 15 December 2015 | access-date = 15 August 2017}}</ref> and 2017<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/bhel-commissions-500-mw-thermal-unit-in-west-bengal-117011600703_1.html | title = BHEL commissions 500 MW thermal unit in West Bengal | publisher = Business Standard, 16 January 2017 | access-date = 15 August 2017}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture<br/>in Sagardighi CD block'''
|value1 = 4.78
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 9.48
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 6.37
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 30.38
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 48.99
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Sagardighi CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 5,409 (4.78%), patta (document) holders 10,723 (9.48%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 7,201 (6.37%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 34,368 (30.38%) and agricultural labourers 55,413 (48.99%).<ref name=handbook2014/>

Sagardighi CD block had 51 fertiliser depots, 2 seed store and 67 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013-14.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, Sagardighi CD block produced 118,356 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 35,781 hectares, 36,483 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 10,278 hectares, 23,717 tonnes of wheat from 7,927 hectares, 17,102 tonnes of jute from 1,021 hectares and 11,555 tonnes of potatoes from 394 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Sagardighi CD block was 8,686 hectares, out of which 4,222 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 750 hectares with tank water, 118 hectares with river lift irrigation, 1,096 hectares by deep tube well and 2,500 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Silk and handicrafts===
Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) [[Mulberry]] cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics.<ref name=handicrafts>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 22-23: Industry | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj. 99% of ivory craft production is exported. In more recent years sandalwood etching has become more popular than ivory carving. Bell metal and Brass utensils are manufactured in large quantities at Khagra, Berhampore, Kandi and Jangipur. [[Beedi]] making has flourished in the Jangipur subdivision.<ref name=handicrafts/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#4 | title = Egiye Bangla Murshidabad district | work = Handicrafts and Silk Industry | publisher = Murshidabad district administration | access-date = 17 August 2017}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2013–14, Sagardighi CD block had offices of 10 commercial banks and 3 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Murshidabad district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 3 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 26 November 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Barharwa-Azimganj-Katwa loop|collapse=yes}}

Sagardighi CD block has 2 ferry services and 5 originating/ terminating bus routes.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Barharwa-Azimganj-Katwa loop]] line passes through this block and there are stations at Manigram, Noapara Mahisa, Mahipal and Mahipal Road.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/azimganj-barharwa-passenger-53433/16075/1801/1381#st | title = 53433 Azimganj Barharwa Passenger | work = Time Table | publisher = indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 August 2017}}</ref>

The [[Nalhati-Azimganj branch line]] passes through this block and there are stations at Morgram, Sagardighi and Barla.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/18342/1801/1798 | title = 73033 Azimganj-Nalhati DEMU | work = Time Table | publisher = indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 August 2017}}</ref>

[[National Highway 12 (India)|National Highway 12]] (old number NH 34) passes through this block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=10 February 2017|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[National Highway 14 (India)|National Highway 14]]/ [[Panagarh-Morgram Highway]] originates/ terminates from/ at [[Morgram]] in this CD block.<ref name="renumber"/>

==Education==
In 2013–14, Sagardighi CD block had 156 primary schools with 20,710 students, 20 middle schools with 2,485 students, 9 high schools with 6,328 students and 16 higher secondary schools with 28,135 students. Sagardighi CD block had 1 general college with 1,730 students, 1 technical/ professional institution with 100 students, 453 institutions for special and non-formal education with 28,283 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[Sagardighi Kamada Kinkar Smriti Mahavidyalaya]] was established in 2008 at [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagardighi]]. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, Arabic, history, geography, political science, philosophy and education.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.examdrive.in/2017/02/sagardighi-kks-mahavidyalaya-admission-merit-list.html | title = Sagardighi Kamada Kinkar Smriti Mahavidyalaya | publisher = Exam Drive |access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref>

Sagardighi Teachers’ Training College was established at [[Manigram]] in 2009. Affiliated with the [[University of Kalyani]], it offers B Ed and D El Ed courses.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/SagardighiTeachersTrainingCollege/SagardighiTeachersTrainingCollege.shtml | title = Sagaradighi Teachers' Training College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 3 September 2017}}</ref>

Sagardighi I.T.I College was established in 2016 at [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagardighi]]. It's offers courses in Electrician, Fitter-1, Fitter-2Draftsman Civil, Draftsman Mechanical, Surveyor, Sewing Technology , Plumber, Welder.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sagardighigovtiti.org/courses.php | title = Sagardighi I.T.I College | publisher = College Admission |access-date = 9 July 2020}}</ref>

In Sagardighi CD block, amongst the 178 inhabited villages (highest amongst all CD Blocks in the district), 25 villages did not have a school (second highest amongst all CD blocks in the district), 49 villages have more than 1 primary school, 60 villages have at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 28 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 901-902, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 August 2017}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Kheraul - Mosque.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Kherur Mosque]]
===Kherur Mosque===
[[Kherur Mosque]] is located on the top of a mound at Kherur in Sagardighi. The 15th century mosque, spread over an area of {{convert|2|acres}}, was built by Rafat Khan during the reign of Sultan Hussain Shah. The mosque is rectangular in shape. There is a domed prayer chamber. The mosque has four minarets at four corners.<ref name=govt/><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.india9.com/i9show/-West-Bengal/Kherur-Mosque-47494.htm | title = Kherur Mosque| access-date = 14 February 2009 | publisher = india9.com}}</ref>

===Chandanbati temple===
Chandanbati temple is a major tourist attraction.<ref name=govt/><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.india9.com/i9show/Sagardighi-43063.htm | title = Sagardighi| access-date = 14 February 2009 | publisher = india9.com}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Sagardighi CD block had 1 rural hospital and 3 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] with total 50 beds and 7 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 38 family welfare subcentres. 10,817 patients were treated indoor and 201,071 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Sagardighi CD block has Sagardighi Super Speciality Hospital at [[Sagardighi, Murshidabad|Sagardighi]] (with 120 beds), Monigram [[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Centre]] (with 20 beds), Singeswari-Gouripur PHC (with 10 beds) and Suryapur PHC at Dhanparganj (with 10 beds).<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 19 September 2017 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Sagardighi CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All but one of the 26 blocks of Murshidabad district have arsenic contamination above the WHO level, all but two of the blocks have arsenic concentration above the Indian Standard value and 17 blocks have arsenic concentration above 300 mg/litre. The maximum concentration in Sagardighi CD Block is 560 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES| work = Murshidabad| access-date = 4 August 2017| archive-date = 28 February 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228194339/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Murshidabad}}

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Murshidabad topics}}
{{Mosques in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Murshidabad district]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in Murshidabad district]]

Bihar Human Rights Commission

2025-07-30T06:21:41Z

Ola22W86488:

{{Short description|Government agency in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Bihar Human Rights Commission
| nativename = बिहार मानवाधिकार आयोग
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| formed = 3 January 2000 (Notification: 207)
| preceding1 = [[National Human Rights Commission of India]]
| employees =
| volunteers =
| budget =
| country = India
| federal = Yes
| map =
| mapcaption =
| sizearea = 94,163 km<sup>2</sup> (36,357 sq mi)
| sizepopulation = 103,804,637 (2015)
| legaljuris =
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| constitution1 = TPHRA, 1993<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhrc.nic.in/documents/Publications/TheProtectionofHumanRightsAct1993_Eng.pdf |title=BOOK.p65 |website=Nhrc.nic.in |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2017-02-28 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517033421/http://nhrc.nic.in/documents/Publications/TheProtectionofHumanRightsAct1993_Eng.pdf |archivedate=2017-05-17 |df= }}</ref>
| restriction =
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| headquarters = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]]
| website = {{Official website| http://bhrc.bih.nic.in/ }}
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| chief1name = Justice Bilal Nazki
| chief1position = Chairperson
| chief2name = Justice Mandhata Singh
| chief2position = Member
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'''Bihar Human Rights Commission''' was established on 3 January 2000 by Notification No. 207. The Commission became functional by notification No. 6896 on 25 January 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bhrc.bih.nic.in/ |title=BHRC |website=Bhrc.bih.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2017-02-28 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206105856/http://www.bhrc.bih.nic.in/ |archivedate=2017-02-06 |df= }}</ref> with the appointment of its first chairperson, Justice S. N. Jha, former Chief Justice of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]] and [[Rajasthan High Court]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hcraj.nic.in/formercj.htm |title=***** Welcome To The Official Website Of The High Court Of Judicature At Rajasthan |website=Hcraj.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2017-02-28}}</ref> along with Justice Rajendra Prasad, a former Judge of the [[Patna High Court]] and R. R. Prasad, a former Director General of Police, Bihar as members of the commission.

==Functions==
According to the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993<ref name="autogenerated1"/> (with amendment act 2006), the commission is entitled to perform any of the following functions:
* Autonomously investigate on a petition filed by a victim or any person on his/her behalf as a complaint of
:# Violation of human rights and instigation or
:# Negligence in the prevention of such violations by any public servant.
* Get involved in any proceeding under allegation or violation of human rights pending before a court with the approval of that court.
* Inspect living conditions of the inmates in any jail or any other institution under the control of the State Government where persons are detained or lodged for purposes of treatment, reformation, or protection.
* Review the safeguards provided in the constitution or any other law for the time it is in force to ensure the protection of human rights.
* Review the factors that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights.
* Undertake and promote research and awareness programs in the field of human rights.
* Promote human rights awareness through literacy campaigns, publications, seminars etc. for the protection and safeguards available under human rights practices.
* Encourage involvement of Non-Government Organizations and individuals for expansion work in the field of human rights awareness.
* Perform any other functions that may be considered necessary for the promotion of human rights.

It is clarified that, though the commission has the power to inquire in violation of human rights (or instigation thereof) by a public servant, in instances where human rights are violated by a private citizen, the commission can intervene if there is failure or negligence on the part of a public servant to prevent any such violation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Human rights enforcement agencies in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Bihar]]