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Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency

2026-05-07T00:46:06Z

NydiaSilverman2: adding new article - done

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Ghatal {{Small|WB-32}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/West Bengal/Ghatal.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Ghatal Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1951-1977 2009-current
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Actor Dev at the 53rd International Film Festival of India.jpg
| mp = [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Deepak Adhikari]]
| party = {{Party index link|Trinamool Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| assembly_cons = [[Panskura Paschim Assembly constituency|Panskura Paschim]] [[Sabang Assembly constituency|Sabang]] [[Pingla Assembly constituency|Pingla]] [[Debra Assembly constituency|Debra]] [[Daspur Assembly constituency|Daspur]] [[Ghatal Assembly constituency|Ghatal]] [[Keshpur Assembly constituency|Keshpur]]
| electors =19,39,945<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/grfYnWoV4R.pdf | title=Voter turnout of 62.2% recorded in phase-5 of General Elections 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524040654/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/grfYnWoV4R.pdf | archive-date=24 May 2024 }}</ref>
}}

'''Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 543 constituencies of the [[Lok Sabha|lower house of parliament]] in [[India]]. The constituency is based on [[Ghatal subdivision|Ghatal]] in [[West Bengal]]. While six assembly segments of No. 32 Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency are in [[Paschim Medinipur district]], one segment is in [[Purba Medinipur district]]. As per the order of the [[Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] of constituencies in the West Bengal, [[Panskura Lok Sabha constituency]] ceased to exist; and a new Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency came into being.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wb.gov.in/BanglarMukh/Download?AlfrescoPath=WebContent/Departments/Home/Other_Documents&FileName=DELIMITATION.pdf| title = Press Note, Delimitation Commission| access-date = 2008-10-28| work = Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal| publisher = Delimitation Commission| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130529163454/http://wb.gov.in/BanglarMukh/Download?AlfrescoPath=WebContent%2FDepartments%2FHome%2FOther_Documents&FileName=DELIMITATION.pdf| archive-date = 2013-05-29}}</ref> The Ghatal constituency existed earlier from 1951 to 1977.

==Assembly segments==
[[File:Westbengalen Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|250px|right|'''Parliamentary constituencies in West Bengal''' - 1. Cooch Behar, 2. Alipurduars, 3. Jalpaiguri, 4. Darjeeling, 5. Raiganj, 6. Balurghat, 7. Maldaha Uttar, 8. Maldaha Dakshin, 9. Jangipur, 10. Baharampur, 11. Murshidabad, 12. Krishnanagar, 13. Ranaghat, 14. Bangaon, 15. Barrackpore, 16. Dum Dum, 17. Barasat, 18. Basirhat, 19. Jaynagar, 20. Mathurapur, 21. Diamond Harbour, 22. Jadavpur, 23. Kolkata Dakshin, 24. Kolkata Uttar, 25. Howrah, 26. Uluberia, 27. Serampore, 28. Hooghly, 29. Arambagh, 30. Tamluk, 31, Kanthi, 32. '''Ghatal''', 33. Jhargram, 34. Medinipur, 35. Purulia, 36. Bankura, 37. Bishnupur, 38. Bardhaman Purba, 39. Bardhaman Durgapur, 40. Asansol, 41. Bolpur, 42. Birbhum]]

Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency (parliamentary constituency no. 32) is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2009-05-27 | work = Table B – Extent of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher =Government of West Bengal}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" |[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026 Winner]]
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|205
|[[Panskura Paschim Assembly constituency|Panskura Paschim]]
|[[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
|Sintu Senapati
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 226
|[[Sabang Assembly constituency|Sabang]]
|rowspan=6|[[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
|Amal Kumar Panda
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|227
|[[Pingla Assembly constituency|Pingla]]
|Swagata Manna
|-
|229
|[[Debra Assembly constituency|Debra]]
|Subhasish Om
|-
|230
|[[Daspur Assembly constituency|Daspur]]
|Tapan Dutta
|-
|231
|[[Ghatal Assembly constituency|Ghatal]] (SC)
|[[Sital Kapat|Shital Kapat]]
|-
|235
|[[Keshpur Assembly constituency|Keshpur]] (SC)
|[[Seuli Saha]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lok Sabha!!Duration!!Constituency!!Name of M.P.!!colspan=2|Party Affiliation
|-
|[[1st Lok Sabha|First]]||1952-57||rowspan=9|Ghatal||Nikunja Behari Chowdhury||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<ref name=loksabha1952>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |title=General Elections, India, 1951- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191615/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1951/VOL_1_51_LS.PDF |archive-date=8 October 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|Second]]||1957-62||[[Nikunja Behari Maity]]||{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name=loksabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1957- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[3rd Lok Sabha|Third]]||1962-67||[[Sachindra Chaudhuri]]<ref name=loksabha1962>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962- Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[4th Lok Sabha|Fourth]]||1967-71||[[Parimal Ghosh]]<ref name=loksabha1967>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1967 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=parimal>{{cite web |url = http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/comb/combalpha.htm |title = Combined List of Members |work = First Lok Sabha to Thirteenth Lok Sabha |publisher = Parliament of India |access-date = 3 June 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130627204233/http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/comb/combalpha.htm |archive-date = 27 June 2013 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[5th Lok Sabha|Fifth]] ||1971-77||Jagadish Bhattachaya||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}<ref name=loksabha1971>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |title=General Elections, India, 1971 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=loksabha2009>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title=General Elections, 2009 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work=West Bengal |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>
|-
|[[15th Lok Sabha|Fifteenth]]||2009-14||[[Gurudas Dasgupta]]||{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[16th Lok Sabha|Sixteenth]]||2014-19||rowspan="3"|[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Deepak Adhikari (Dev)]]||{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name=loksabha2014>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf |title = General Elections 2014 - Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 19 June 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[17th Lok Sabha|Seventeenth]]||2019-2024
|-
| [[18th Lok Sabha|Eighteenth]]||2024-''Incumbent''
|}
For Members of Parliament from the area during the period 1977-2009 see [[Panskura Lok Sabha constituency]]

==Election results==
===[[18th Lok Sabha]]: [[2024 Indian general election|2024 General Elections]]===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]:[[Ghatal]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Ghatal">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Ghatal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2532.htm |access-date=22 July 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722040724/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2532.htm |archive-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ghatal Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024">{{cite news |title=Ghatal Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 - 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/ghatal |access-date=22 July 2025 |issue= |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722040825/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/west-bengal/ghatal |archive-date=22 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Deepak Adhikari|Deepak Adhikari (Dev)]]
|votes = 837990
|percentage = 52.36
|change = {{increase}}4.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Hiran Chatterjee|Hiranmoy Chatterjee (Hiran)]]|votes=655,122|percentage=40.93|change={{decrease}}0.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Tapan Ganguly|votes=74,908|percentage=4.68|change={{decrease}}1.88}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=12,966|percentage=0.81|change={{decrease}}0.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Soumen Madraji|votes=7,941|percentage=0.50|change={{no change}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Gopal Mondal|votes=4,244|percentage=0.27|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Dinesh Maikap|votes=4,158|percentage=0.26|change={{down}}0.14}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Saheb Chowdhury|votes=3,237|percentage=0.20|change=''N/A''}}

{{Election box majority||votes=182,868|percentage=11.43|change={{up}}4.18}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,600,556|percentage=82.51|change={{down}}0.23}}

{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===[[17th Lok Sabha]]: [[2019 Indian general election|2019 General Elections]]===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Ghatal]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Deepak Adhikari (Dev)]]
|votes = 717,959
|percentage = 48.22
|change = -2.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bharati Ghosh
|votes = 609,986
|percentage = 40.97
|change = +34.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tapan Ganguly
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 97,062
|percentage = 6.56
|change = -24.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Khandakar Mohammad Saifullah
|votes = 32,793
|percentage = 2.21
|change = -6.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 13,796
|percentage = 0.93
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 107,973
|percentage = 7.25
|change = -11.85
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,489,338
|percentage = 82.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing = -15.78
}}
{{Election box end}}

===[[16th Lok Sabha]] : [[2014 Indian general election|General election 2014]]===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general election]]: Ghatal<ref name=loksabha2014/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dipak Adhikari (Dev)]]
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|votes = 685,696
|percentage = 50.70
|change = +9.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Santosh Rana (CPI)|Santosh Rana]]
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 424,805
|percentage = 31.40
|change = -22.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Manas Bhunia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 122,928
|percentage = 8.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Md. Alam
|votes = 94,842
|percentage = 6.93
|change = +3.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Anjan Jana
|votes = 8,080
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Goutam Kouri
|votes = 5,547
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gopal Mondal
|votes = 4,498
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Jharkhand Anushilan Party
|candidate = Gopal Murmu
|votes = 2,154
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janadhikar Suraksha Party
|candidate = Gobardhan Ghosh
|votes = 1,983
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)
|candidate = Gangaram Sasmal
|votes = 1,758
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 260,891
|percentage = 19.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,366,909
|percentage = 84.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general election|General Election, 2009]]: [[Ghatal]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |title = General Elections, 2009 (15th Lok Sabha) Constituency Wise Detailed Results |work = West Bengal |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-01-25 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120331000657/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf |archive-date = 31 March 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = [[Gurudas Dasgupta]]
|votes = 625,923
|percentage = 53.56
|change = -8.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Noor Alam Chowdhury]]
|votes = 478,739
|percentage = 40.92
|change = +10.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Matilal Khatua
|votes = 34,997
|percentage = 2.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Narayan Chandra Samat
|votes = 12,064
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian Justice Party
|candidate = Liyakat Khan
|votes = 9,355
|percentage = 0.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
|candidate = Arun Kumar Das
|votes = 5,333
|percentage = 0.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = RDMP
|candidate = Ahitosh Maity
|votes = 3,515
|percentage = 0.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 147,184
|percentage = 12.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 11,69,934
|percentage = 86.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

For Members of Parliament from the area during the period 1977-2009 see [[Panskura Lok Sabha constituency]]

===General election 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election|General Election, 1971]]: [[Ghatal]]<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Jagadish Bhattacharyya
|votes = 128,366
|percentage = 35.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Parimal Ghosh
|votes = 127,044
|percentage = 35.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Prabhat Kar
|votes = 62,824
|percentage = 17.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Biplobi Bangla Congress
|candidate = Surendra Nath Ghorai
|votes = 20,513
|percentage = 5.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = NCO
|candidate = Ramdas Ramanuj Das Mahanta
|votes = 16,403
|percentage = 4.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Gobardhan Dey
|votes = 4,306
|percentage = 1.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,322
|percentage = 0.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 3,59,456
|percentage = 73.12%
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election|General Election, 1967]]: [[Ghatal]]<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Parimal Ghosh
|votes = 138,572
|percentage = 41.59%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Prabhat Kar
|votes = 109,662
|percentage = 32.91%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Nikunja Chowdhury
|votes = 84,945
|percentage = 25.50%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 28,910
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 3,33,179
|percentage = 73.27%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election|General Election, 1962]]: [[Ghatal]]<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sachindra Nath Chowdhury
|votes = 179,045
|percentage = 52.50%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Manoranjan Roy
|votes = 148,207
|percentage = 43.40%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
|candidate = Basanta kumar Chakraborty
|votes = 7,049
|percentage = 2.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 30,838
|percentage = (9.0%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 3,34,301
|percentage = (63.8%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Indian general election|General Election, 1957]]: [[Ghatal]]<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nikunja Behari Maity
|votes = 165,597
|percentage = 59.65%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Manoranjan Roy
|votes = 112,025
|percentage = 40.35%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 53,572
|percentage = (9.0%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 277,622
|percentage = (62.6%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1952===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Indian general election|General Election, 1952]]: [[Ghatal]]<ref name="auto"/>
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Nikunja Behari Chowdhury
|votes = 73,435
|percentage = 40.70%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Maitreyee Bose|Maitayee Basu]]
|votes = 68,916
|percentage = 38.20%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Satcori Pati Roy
|votes = 38,028
|percentage = 21.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4,519
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,80,379
|percentage = (49.9%)
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Communist Party of India
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General elections 1951-1971===
Most of the contests were multi-cornered. However, only winners and runners-up are mentioned below:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Winner
!Party
!Runner-up
!Party
|-
|1951
|Nikunja Behari Chowdhury
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|Maitreyee Basu
|[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=loksabha1952/>
|-
|1957
|Nikunja Behari Maity
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Nikunja Behari Chwdhury
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1957/>
|-
|1962
|[[Sachindra Chaudhuri]]
|Indian National Congress
|Manoranjan Roy
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1962/>
|-
|1967
|Parimal Ghosh
|Indian National Congress
|Prabhat Kar
|Communist Party of India<ref name=loksabha1967/><ref name=parimal/>
|-
|1971
|Jagadish Bhattacharyya
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|Parimal Ghosh
|Indian National Congress<ref name=loksabha1971/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/west_bengal/ghatal/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Ghatal lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

{{coord|22.7|87.7|display=title}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghatal Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Paschim Medinipur district]]

Athulya Ravi

2026-05-06T14:31:30Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{short description|Indian actress (born 1992)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Athulya|Ravi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Athulya Ravi
| image = Athulya's Recent Photo .jpg
| caption = Athulya in 2023
| birth_name = Divya Ravi
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|12|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore]], Tamil Nadu
| years_active = 2017–present
| occupation = Actress
}}

'''Athulya Ravi''' (born 21 December 1992) is an Indian actress who has predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. She made her debut with the film ''[[Kadhal Kan Kattudhe]]'' in 2017 and went on to appear in films including ''[[Yemaali]]'' (2018) and ''[[Naadodigal 2]]'' (2019).

==Early life and career==
Athulya was born as Divya in a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking family. She was born and brought up in [[Coimbatore]]. She did her schooling at Thondamuthur Girls Higher secondary school in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Athulya studied Information Technology at Hindusthan College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. She then attended SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu and went on to study at Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Athulya Ravi {{!}} Official Website |url=http://actressathulya.com/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426063745/http://actressathulya.com/ |archive-date=2017-04-26 |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

Athulya started her acting career through the short film "Palvaadi Kadhal". She had a leading role in ''[[Kadhal Kan Kattudhe]]'' (2017).<ref name="ka">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kadhal-kan-kattuthe/movie-review/57220203.cms|title=Kadhal Kan Kattuthe Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/athulya-ravi-shares-video-of-her-walking-with-rajinikanths-bgm-from-petta.html|title = Athulya Ravi shares video of her walking with Rajinikanth's BGM from Petta|date = 17 January 2019}}</ref>

In 2018, she starred in [[V. Z. Durai]]'s ''[[Yemaali]]''.<ref name="Y">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/070417/athulya-ravi-in-vz-durais-next.html|title=Athulya Ravi in VZ Durai's next|first=Janani|last=K|date=7 April 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Portraying a character knows as "Ri" (Ritu), Athulya described that the character was a modern and independent girl, who is exactly opposite to what she was in real life. She played Aari's mute sister in ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]'' (2018).<ref name="Deccan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/170218/nagesh-thiraiyarangam-movie-review.html|title = Nagesh Thiraiyarangam movie review: Can be enjoyed only in parts!|date = 17 February 2018}}</ref> In 2019, she had roles such as ''[[Suttu Pidikka Utharavu]]''<ref name="S">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050118/athulya-has-a-bold-role-in-spu.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105181021/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050118/athulya-has-a-bold-role-in-spu.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2018|title=Athulya has a bold role in SPU|date=5 January 2018|publisher=}}</ref> and ''[[Capmaari]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Athulya Ravi: Yoga, workout and diet are secrets of my beauty|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/athulya-ravi-yoga-workout-and-diet-are-secrets-of-my-beauty/articleshow/79305126.cms |access-date=2020-11-19 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2020, Athulya Ravi has two films ''[[Naadodigal 2]]'' and ''[[Yen Peyar Anandhan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sasikumar's Nadodigal 2 gets a release date|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sasikumars-nadodigal-2-gets-a-release-date/articleshow/73606134.cms |access-date=2020-01-25 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Yen Peyar Anandhan Movie Review: An earnest but wannabe experimental cinema|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yen-peyar-anandhan/movie-review/79444389.cms |access-date=2020-11-26 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2021, she was seen in the adult comedy ''[[Murungakkai Chips]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shanthnu & Athulya's Murungaka Chips to release on November 17|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/shanthnu-athulyas-murungaka-chips-to-release-on-november-17/articleshow/87221297.cms |access-date=2021-10-23 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2022, she is joining hands with [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] in ''[[Yenni Thuniga]]'' after who shared screen space with the actor in ''Capmaari''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ShaJai & Athulya Ravi's Yenni Thuniga to release on August 4
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/jai-athulya-ravis-yenni-thuniga-to-release-on-august-4/articleshow/92975039.cms |access-date=2022-07-29 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2023, the action comedy film ''[[Meter (film)|Meter]]''
marks the Telugu debut of Athulya Ravi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Here's when the trailer of Kiran Abbavaram's Meter will be out
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Mar/26/heres-when-the-trailer-of-kiran-abbavarams-meter-will-be-out-41545.html |access-date=2023-03-26 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==

* ''All films are in Tamil, otherwise noted''
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role(s) !! Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017
| ''[[Kadhal Kan Kattudhe]]''
| Athulya ||
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ka"/>
|-
| ''[[Katha Nayagan (2017 film)|Katha Nayagan]]''
| Kanmani's friend ||
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="B"/>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2018
| ''[[Yemaali]]''
| Ritu ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Y" />
|-
| ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]''
| Lakshmi ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Deccan"/>
|-
| ''[[Inba Twinkle Lilly]]''
| Reporter
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VieJw3vJsME&t=6658s Inba Twinkle Lilly Full movie]</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2019
| ''[[Kee (film)|Kee]]''
| Diya's friend ||
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYKIRZKraiw&t=2043s Kee - Tamil Full movie]</ref>
|-
| ''[[Suttu Pidikka Utharavu]]''
| Bhuvana ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="S" />
|-
| ''[[Adutha Saattai]]''
| Pothum Ponnu||
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/nov/30/adutha-saattai-review-too-many-sermons-take-the-sting-out-of-this-whip-2069130.html|title='Adutha Saattai' reviewke the sting out of this whip|website=The New Indian Express|date=30 November 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Capmaari]]''
| Varsha ||
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/151219/capmaari-movie-review-a-tedious-affair.html|title=Capmaari movie review: A tedious affair|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=15 December 2019|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2020
| ''[[Naadodigal 2]]''
| Soumya||
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nadodigal 2 to release in January
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nadodigal-2-to-release-in-january/articleshow/73056867.cms |access-date=2020-01-01 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yen Peyar Anandhan]]''
|Savithri
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=En Peyar Anandhan team upset with Athulya for not promoting her own film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/en-peyar-anandhan-team-upset-with-athulya-for-not-promoting-her-own-film/articleshow/79356661.cms |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=The Times of India |date=22 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Murungakkai Chips]] ''
|Vijaya Shanthi
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Murungakkai Chips Movie Review: Murungakkai Chips, a flaccid adult comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/murungakkai-chips/movie-review/88206610.cms |access-date=10 December 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210103558/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/murungakkai-chips/movie-review/88206610.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''[[Vattam]]''
|Kokilavani
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/aug/01/vattam-movie-reviewa-shoddy-hyperlink-drama-that-runs-around-in-circles-33282.html | title=Vattam Movie Review: A shoddy hyperlink drama that runs around in circles | website=[[Cinema Express]] | date=August 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yenni Thuniga]]''
|Narmadha
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Future">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-have-started-to-choose-films-with-care-athulya/articleshow/88013463.cms|title=I have started to choose films with care: Athulya|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=December 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Cadaver (2022 film)|Cadaver]]''
|Angel
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title=Cadaver trailer: Amala Paul plays police surgeon in this gory investigative thriller |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/cadaver-trailer-out-amala-paul-plays-police-surgeon-in-this-gory-investigative-thriller-8061310/ |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023
|''[[Meter (film)|Meter]]''
|Arjun’s love-interest
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-07 |title=Meter Movie Review : This police drama is stale and unimpressive |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/meter/movie-review/99318090.cms |access-date=2023-04-08 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407120953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/meter/movie-review/99318090.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2025 || ''[[Chennai City Gangsters]]'' || Jenny || || style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-05-05 |title=Vaibhav-Athulya Ravi's Chennai City Gangsters gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/May/05/vaibhav-athulya-ravis-chennai-city-gangsters-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Diesel (2025 film)|Diesel]]''
|Malar
|
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Harish Kalyan, Athulyaa's film titled 'Diesel'; First-look posters out |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/harish-kalyan-athulyaas-film-titled-diesel-first-look-posters-out/articleshow/92522846.cms |access-date=2023-04-06 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan =“2”|2026||''[[Mr. X (2026 film)|Mr. X]]''|| Aditi / Vedha Narayanan|| ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|10153023}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravi, Athulya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1994 births]]

Gavinolla Madhusudan Reddy

2026-04-28T14:59:20Z

NydiaSilverman2: adding new entry - done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1971)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Gavinolla Madhusudan Reddy''' (born 1971) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]] state. He is an [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] from [[Devarkadra Assembly constituency]] in [[Mahabubnagar district]]. He represents [[Indian National Congress]] and won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devarkadra assembly election results 2023: Devarkadra Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/telangana/devarkadra-assembly-result-29076 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of winners - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/telangana-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-list-constituency-brs-bjp-congress-aimim-18472071.htm |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Reddy is from [[Devarakadra|Devarkadra]], Mahabubnagar district. His father's name is Gavinolla Krishna Reddy. He is an advocate. After his graduation, he did his L.L.B. in 1998 at Padala Ram Reddy Law College, [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gavinolla Madhusudan Reddy (Gmr)(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- DEVARKADRA(MAHABUBNAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Telangana2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=68 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Reddy won from [[Devarkadra Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 88,551 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Alla Venkateshwar Reddy of [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]], by a narrow margin of 1,392 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devarkadra Constituency Election Results 2023: Devarkadra Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana/constituency-show/devarkadra |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Devarkadra Election Result 2023 Live, Devarkadra Elections Vote Counting, Telangana Results 2023 |url=https://news.abplive.com/electionselections/telangana-assembly-election-2023/telangana-devarkadra-constituency-76.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=News ABP Live |language=en|date=2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Devarkadra Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/devarkadra-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687799.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhusudan Reddy, Gavinolla}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]

Coalition of Indigenes' Rights Campaign, Manipur

2026-04-25T15:52:40Z

NydiaSilverman2: adding a bio

{{Short description|Activist organisation in Manipur, India}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2024}}

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Coalition of Indigenes' Rights Campaign, Manipur
| region_served = [[Imphal Valley]], [[Manipur]], India
| logo =
| type = Meitei activist organisation
| headquarters =
| native_name =
| method =
| revenue =
| num_volunteers =
| owner =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Somorendro Thokchom
| leader_title2 = Vice-President
| leader_name2 = Longjam Ratan<ref name="Sangai 22 Sept 2024">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/9/22/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Sep-21-Remem-bering-the-Merger-Agreement-of-September-21-1949-which-merged-Ma.html CIRCA observes Natl Repentance Day], The Sangai Express, 22 September 2024.
</ref>
| leader_title3 = Spokesperson
| leader_name3 = Ningthouja Lancha
| founders =
| key_people =
| founded = 2015
| dissolved =
| focus = Campaigning for pre-merger status of Manipur
| footnotes =
}}
'''Coalition of Indigenes' Rights Campaign, Manipur'''<ref name="CIRCA book"/>{{efn|The name is more often written as '''Coalition of Indigenous Rights Campaign''' in newspapers.}}
('''CIRCA''') is a Meitei activist organisation in the state of [[Manipur]], India. It campaigns against the merger agreement by which the [[princely state]] of [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]] merged into independent [[Dominion of India|India]] in 1949, and demands a pre-merger status for Manipur. The organisation collaborated at its inception with Manipur's titular king, [[Leishemba Sanajaoba]], but broke off the engagement after he was elected to the Indian Parliament. The organisation is headed by Somorendro Thokchom, who is also the coordinator of the umbrella organisation [[COCOMI (Manipur)|COCOMI]] in 2024.<ref name="Sangai 19 Mar 2020"/>

== Background ==
In 1949, two years after India's independence, the ruler of the [[princely state]] of [[Manipur (princely state)|Manipur]], Maharaja [[Bodhchandra Singh]], was persuaded to sign a merger agreement with the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]], which was soon to become a [[Republic]] in January 1950. All the princely states of India inherited from [[British Raj]] signed similar merger agreements, except for a handful of very large states that were accepted as independent India's states.<ref>
{{Citation |last=Furber |first=Holden |author-link=Holden Furber |title=The Unification of India, 1947–1951 |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=24 |issue=4 |year=1951 |pages=352–371 |doi=10.2307/2753451 |publisher=Pacific Affairs, University of British Columbia |jstor=2753451}}
</ref>
In Manipur, resentment against the action of India took hold by the 1960s, coupled with a demand for full statehood for Manipur, which was still a [[union territory]] at that time. Secessionist sentiments began to grow.<ref name=Phanjoubam>
Pradip Phanjoubam, [https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/why-it-matters-how-manipur-became-a-state-of-india/cid/1684958 Why it matters how Manipur became a state], ''The Telegraph'', 20 February 2019.
</ref>
Despite the grant of full statehood in 1972, a major section of Manipuris still believed that all the privileges Manipur had before its merger ("pre-merger status") should be restored to it.<ref name=Meinya>
Thokchom Meinya, Debate on the Demands for Grants, General Budget, 2016-17 under the control of the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER), [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/70922886/ Lok Sabha debate], 27 April 2016.
</ref>

At the time of the merger, Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh was granted a privy purse of Rs. 300,000 per annum and the continued use of the title "Maharaja".<ref>{{citation |first=Samrat |last=Choudhury |title=Northeast India: A Political History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781787389526 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jerIEAAAQBAJ |pages=136–337}}
</ref>
His son Okendrajit inherited both of them, but they were abolished in course of time. His successor, [[Leishemba Sanajaoba]], when "crowned" in 1996, had no power or influence or even a steady income stream, even though he continued to use the title "Maharaja" without statutory sanction.<ref>
Andrew Buncombe, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/modern-india-takes-on-the-king-of-manipur-over-his-royal-palace-8673595.html Modern India takes on the King of Manipur over his royal palace], Independent, 25 June 2013.
</ref><ref>
Malem Ningthouja, [https://www.imphaltimes.com/guest-column/the-history-of-chonga-bon-and-what-might-have-been-the-compulsions-behind-the-titular-king-s-decision-to-enter-electoral-politics/ The History of Chonga Bon and What Might Have Been the Compulsions Behind the Titular King’s Decision to Enter Electoral Politics], Imphal Times, 21 June 2020.
</ref><ref>
{{citation |author=R. K. Nimai |title=Is Manipur still a Kingdom? |date=23 June 2020 |newspaper=Imphal Free Press |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/774/is-manipur-still-a-kingdom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123113458/https://www.ifp.co.in/774/is-manipur-still-a-kingdom |archive-date=23 January 2021}}
</ref>

== Organisation and activities ==
CIRCA was set up in 2015 as a "coalition", by unnamed "like-minded organisations" which wanted Manipur to return to its pre-merger political status. Somorendro Thokchom was named as its convener, and later, its president.<ref name="Telegraph 22 Sep 2015">
Khelen Thokchom, [https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/manipur-clamours-for-special-status/cid/1395715 Manipur clamours for special status], The Telegraph (Kolkata), 22 September 2015.
</ref><ref name="Sangai 19 Mar 2020">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/3/19/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Mar-18-Shocked-by-the-drastic-decision-of-titular-king-Leishemba-Sanajaoba-to-contest-the-Rajya-Sabha-MP-election-the-Coalition-for-Indigenous-Rights-Campaign-CIRCA-.amp.html CIRCA demands titular King to step down from throne], The Sangai Express, 19 March 2020.
</ref>

The first activity of CIRCA was to start a month-long protest against Manipur's merger, starting on 21 September 2015, the anniversary of the signing of the merger agreement. Leishemba Sanajaoba kicked off the campaign from his [[Sana Konung]] palace, by hoisting the "state flag" at half-mast. The speakers claimed that all the problems besetting Manipur were an outgrowth of the merger agreement. Sanajaoba said that the political relationship between Manipur and India had to be renegotiated.<ref name="Telegraph 22 Sep 2015"/>

Since then, 21 September has been observed every year as the "National Repentance Day".<ref name="Sangai 22 Sept 2024">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/9/22/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Sep-21-Remem-bering-the-Merger-Agreement-of-September-21-1949-which-merged-Ma.html CIRCA observes Natl Repentance Day], The Sangai Express, 22 September 2024.
</ref> 14 August is also celebrated as the "Manipur Independence Day".<ref name="Sangai 15 Aug 2023">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/8/15/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-14-As-in-other-parts-of-the-State-the-Coalition-for-Indigenous-Rights-C.html CIRCA recalls rich history of Manipur], The Sangai Express, 15 August 2023.
</ref>
In 2018, CIRCA published a book titled ''Why Pre-Merger Political Status for Manipur'', setting out its ideology.<ref name="CIRCA book">
{{citation |title=Why Pre-Merger Political Status for Manipur: Under the Framework of the Instrument of Accession, 1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKZoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26 |year=2018 |publisher=Research and Media Cell, CIRCA |id=GGKEY:8XLWSW77KUZ |ref={{sfnref|CIRCA, Why Pre-Merger Political Status for Manipur|2018}}}}
</ref>

In 2020, Leishemba Sanajaoba decided to contest the Manipur's seat in [[Rajya Sabha]], the Upper House of the Indian Parliament. CIRCA believed that this was inconsistent with his role as the titular Maharaja, and broke off its collaboration with him. Afterwards, all its observances were carried out without Sanajaoba.<ref name="Sangai 19 Mar 2020"/> Sanajaoba floated a new organisation called [[Arambai Tenggol]], which became a major force during the [[2023–2024 Manipur violence]].<ref>
Angshuman Choudhury, [https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/arambai-tenggol-manipur-meitei-organisation-militia-targeting-kuki-zo/article68210312.ece Arambai Tenggol: How a Meitei ‘sociocultural organisation’ became an armed-to-the-teeth militia], Frontline, 30 May 2024.
</ref>

During the 2023–2024 violence, CIRCA maintained a low profile, but celebrated the "Manipur Independence Day" and "National Repentance Day", claiming that all the "chronic issues" of Manipur can be resolved if the political autonomy of the state is restored.<ref name="Sangai 15 Aug 2023"/>

== Links with other organisations ==
The underground organisation National Revolutionary Front, Manipur (NRFM) has called general strikes on 21 September, which coincide with CIRCA's observances of "National Repentance Day".<ref name="Telegraph 22 Sep 2015"/><ref>
[https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/circa-observed-national-repentance-day/ CIRCA observed National Repentance Day], Imphal Times, 21 September 2017;
[https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/24-hour-bandh-called-against-merger-agreement-affects-normalcy-in-the-state/ 24 hour bandh called against merger agreement affects normalcy in the state], Imphal Times, 21 September 2017.
</ref><ref name="Sangai 22 Sept 2024"/><ref>
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bandh-called-by-militant-outfit-hits-life-in-manipur/articleshow/113561142.cms Bandh called by militant outfit hits life in Manipur], The Times of India, 22 September 2024.
</ref>

Several other organisations have participated in CIRCA's observances, such as WASEDEV (Women's Association for Socio-Economic Development), AMWJU (All Manipur Working Journalists’ Union), HERICOUN (Ethno-Heritage Council), LKKL (Leihou Khunai Kanba Luptin), IKAL (Iramdam Kanba Apunba Lup).<ref name="IFP 22 Sep 2022">
CIRCA observes 'National Repentance Day', Imphal Free Press, 22 September 2022. {{ProQuest|2716380753}}
</ref><ref name="Sangai 15 Aug 2023"/>

CIRCA president Somorendro Thokchom is also the president of LIPUL (League of Indigenous People's Upliftment), which is a member unit of the [[Coordinating Committee on Manipur Integrity]] (COCOMI). Thokchom serves as the coordinator of COCOMI during 2023–2024.<ref>
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/10/22/IMPHAL-Oct-21-Major-civil-society-organisations-of-the-State-namely-AMUCO-CCSK-HERICOUN-LIPUL-and-UCM-have-jointly-formed-a-Coordinating-Committee-on-Manipur-Integrity-COCOMI-.html CSOs form united front to fight for integrity], The Sangai Express, 22 October 2019.
</ref>

CIRCA vice-president Longjam Ratan is also the president of HERICOUN.<ref name="IFP 22 Sep 2022"/>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2015 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Meitei organisations]]

Ashutosh Kumar

2026-04-24T21:10:56Z

NydiaSilverman2: Done - done

{{Short description|43rd Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Gauhati High Court|43rd Chief Justice]] of [[Gauhati High Court]]
| nominator = [[B. R. Gavai]]
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| term_start = 21 July 2025
| predecessor = {{ubl|[[Vijay Bishnoi]]|[[Lanusungkum Jamir|L. Jamir]] (acting)}}
| successor =
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Patna High Court]]
| term_start1 = 25 November 2017
| term_end1 = 20 July 2025 {{small|(Acting CJ: 16 January 2025 – 20 July 2025)}}
| nominator1 = [[Dipak Misra]]
| appointer1 = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| term_start2 = 15 May 2014
| term_end2 = 6 January 2015
| nominator2 = [[Rajendra Mal Lodha]]
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| office3 = [[Judge]] of [[Delhi High Court]]
| term_start3 = 7 January 2015
| term_end3 = 24 November 2017
| nominator3 = [[H. L. Dattu]]
| appointer3 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|10|1|df=y}}
| education = [[L.L.B]]
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Chief Justice
}}

'''Ashutosh Kumar''' (born 1 October 1966) is an Indian judge serving as Chief Justice of [[Gauhati High Court]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-07-21 |title=Justice Ashutosh Kumar takes oath as Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/justice-ashutosh-kumar-takes-oath-as-chief-justice-of-gauhati-high-court/article69837325.ece |access-date=2025-07-21 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is also a former judge of [[Delhi High Court]] and [[Patna High Court]] and served as Acting Chief Justice at the latter high court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The High Court of Judicature at Patna |url=https://patnahighcourt.gov.in/judge/MTY0-07wqTE2Mgp0= |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=patnahighcourt.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2025-01-14 |title=Justice Ashutosh Kumar appointed Acting Chief Justice of Patna High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/justice-ashutosh-kumar-acting-chief-justice-patna-high-court |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Kumar was born on 1 October 1966. He did his schooling from St Michaels’ High School at Patna and graduated from St. Stephens’ College, Delhi University. He did his LLB. from Campus Law Centre, Delhi University.

He enrolled as an advocate on 9 July 1991 at Patna High Court. He has appeared in important criminal matters including matter related to convicts on Death Row. He was a Government Pleader for the State of Bihar for a short period. He has been appointed as an additional judge of Patna High Court on 15 May 2014 and was confirmed as permanent judge on 21 April 2016. He was transferred to Delhi High Court on 7 January 2015 and was repatriated again at Patna High Court on 24 November 2017.<ref name=":0" />

On 26 May 2025 Supreme Court collegium led by CJI [[Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai]] recommended him to be appointed as chief justice of [[Gauhati High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bench |first=Bar & |date=2025-05-26 |title=Collegium recommends appointment of Justice Ashutosh Kumar as Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/collegium-recommends-appointment-of-justice-ashutosh-kumar-as-chief-justice-of-gauhati-high-court |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SC Collegium: New Chief Justices Recommended for 5 High Courts |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-for-appointment-of-chief-justices-in-5-high-courts-3558903 |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=The Hindu Bureau |date=2025-05-26 |title=Supreme Court Collegium recommends new Chief Justices for five High Courts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-collegium-recommends-new-chief-justices-for-five-high-courts/article69621898.ece |access-date=2025-05-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and this recommendation was cleared by central government on 14 July 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-15 |title=Justice Ashutosh Kumar appointed Chief Justice of Gauhati HC |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/justice-ashutosh-kumar-appointed-chief-justice-gauhati-high-court-judicial-transfers-1244788-2025-07-15 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref> and he subsequently took oath as chief justice on 21 July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Amit |date=2025-07-17 |title=Patna High Court Advocates Give Grand Farewell to Justice Ashutosh Kumar |url=https://www.illustrateddailynews.com/india/patna-high-court-advocates-give-grand-farewell-to-justice-ashutosh-kumar-839455 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.illustrateddailynews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NETWORK |first=LIVELAW NEWS |date=2025-07-21 |title=Justice Ashutosh Kumar Takes Oath As Chief Justice Of Gauhati High Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/gauhati-high-court/justice-ashutosh-kumar-oath-chief-justice-gauhati-high-court-298236 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Indian jurists]]

Pavitra: Bharose Ka Safar

2026-04-24T03:36:36Z

NydiaSilverman2: Made new page

{{short description|2021 Indian drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pavitra Bharose Ka Safar.jpg
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
| creator =
| based_on = 
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay = Anshula mathur
| story = pearl grey, Anshula mathur, rashmi grey
| director = Dev Dutt J. Gupta
| creative_director =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sheezan Khan]]|[[Shaily Priya Pandey]]}}
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 178
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Pearl Grey
| producer = Santosh Singh Rochelle Singh
| cinematography =
| editor = 
| camera = Multi-camera 
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Parth Production
| network = [[Azaad (TV channel) | Azaad]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2021|09|14|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2022|04|09|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Pavitra: Bharose Ka Safar''''' ({{translation|Sacred: Journey Of Trust}}) is an Indian television [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] series that premiered from 14 September 2021 on [[Azaad (TV channel) | Azaad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/hindi-diwas-2021-india-s-first-rural-ott-channel-launches-2-original-shows-tonight-68352|title=India's Only 'Rural' Entertainment Channel, Azaad, launches its first|website=Mumbai Live|date=14 September 2021 }}</ref> Produced by Santosh Singh, Rochelle Singh and Pearl Grey under Parth Production, it stars [[Sheezan Khan]] and Shaily Priya Pandey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/pavitra-bharose-ka-safar-pavitra-reveals-the-strategies-her-in-laws-are-making-against-her/videoshow/87610100.cms|title=Pavitra: Bharose Ka Safar - Pavitra reveals the strategies her in-laws are making against her | TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/sheezan-mohammed-of-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-opens-up-about-how-men-can-be-good-allies-to-women/735348/|title=Sheezan Mohammed of Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar opens up about how men can be good allies to women|first=ANI|last=PR|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=17 September 2021}}</ref> It went off air on 9 April 2022 and digitally available on [[MX Player]].

== Cast ==
* [[Sheezan Khan]] as Arya Thakur: Bade Thakur and Uma's son; Pavitra's husband (2021–2022)
* [[Shaily Priya Pandey]] as Pavitra Aarya Thakur: Pawan and Lakshmi's daughter; Arya's wife; Akash and Kavita's younger sister (2021–2022)
* [[Neelu Vaghela]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/neelu-vagela-who-will-be-seen-in-the-show-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-talks-about-her-journey-so-far-313725|title=Neelu Vagela, who will be seen in the show Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar, talks about her journey so far|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Uma Thakur: Bade Thakur's wife; Arya, Rachana, Rekha, Vishal and Rohan's mother; Pavitra's mother-in-law (2021–2022)
* Kumar Rajput<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/meet-the-bade-thakur-of-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-318234|title=Meet the Bade Thakur of Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Bade Thakur
* Siddhi Sharma<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/siddhi-sharma-who-is-seen-in-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-is-living-a-dream-336752|title=Siddhi Sharma, who is seen in Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar, is living a dream|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> as Rachana Thakur
* Shivani Chakraborty<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelivenagpur.com/2021/10/10/shiwani-chakraborty-shooting-during-a-pandemic-is-a-tough-job/|title=Shiwani Chakraborty: "Shooting during a pandemic is a tough job!" – The Live Nagpur|date=10 October 2021}}</ref> as Rekha Thakur
* [[Hemant Choudhary]] as Pawan: Lakshmi's husband; Pavitra, Akash and Kavita's father
* Deepali Kamat as Lakshmi: Pawan's wife; Pavitra, Akash and Kavita's mother
* Shubham Bagwe as Akash
* Sonia Keswani as Kavita
* Siddharth Ohri as Vishal Thakur
* Priyansh as Rohan Thakur

== Production ==
The series was announced in 2021 by [[Azaad (TV channel) | Azaad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/azaad-announces-its-originals-meri-doli-mere-angana-and-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar/733085/|title=Azaad announces its originals - Meri Doli Mere Angana and Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar|first=ANI|last=PR|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=14 September 2021}}</ref> The teaser of the series was released on 14 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/sheezan-mohammed-who-will-be-seen-in-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-talks-about-his-role-311517|title=Sheezan Mohammed, who will be seen in Pavitraa Bharose Ka Safar, talks about his role|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service}}</ref> ''Shaily Priya Pandey'' was cast in the titular role, and was joined by [[Sheezan Khan]] as leads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/pavitra-bharose-ka-safar-sheezan-mohd-on-his-co-actor-shaily-priya-thankfully-she-isnt-egoistic/videoshow/86062494.cms|title=Pavitra Bharose Ka Safar: Sheezan Mohd on his co-actor Shaily Priya: Thankfully, she isn't egoistic | TV - Times of India Videos|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|15321576}}
* [https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-pavitraa-bharose-ka-safar-series-online-09d0f261fb49f2ac5c6eba431f881c30 ''Pavitra Bharose Ka Safar''] on [[MX Player]]

{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]

Karan Bhushan Singh

2026-04-23T06:49:32Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating first bio initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| name = Karan Bhushan Singh
| constituency = [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]]
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|12|13|df=yes}}
| parents = [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]] (father) [[Ketki Devi Singh]] (mother)
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| relations = [[Prateek Bhushan Singh]] (brother)
| office1 = President of U.P. Wrestling Association
| term_start1 = 12 February 2024
| predecessor = [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]]
| image = Karan Bhushan Singh.jpg
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Neha Singh|2011}}
| children = 2
| birth_place = [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
}}

'''Karan Bhushan Singh''' is an Indian politician, member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] for [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]].<ref name="eci">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2457.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref> He is the son of former 6 time MP & former [[Wrestling Federation of India]] (WFI) president [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]] and Former MP [[Ketki Devi Singh]].His Brother [[Prateek Bhushan Singh]] is also 2 time MLA From Gonda.He was made the candidate for Kaiserganj.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bajpai |first=Namita |date=2024-05-04 |title=Young and old proxy players in legacy battles |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/May/05/young-and-old-proxy-players-in-legacy-battles |access-date=2024-06-11 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> He is also the president of the Uttar Pradesh Wrestling Association and the president of a cooperative development bank in [[Nawabganj, Gonda]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-14 |title=Brij Bhushan's son elected UP wrestling association president |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/karan-bhushan-singh-elected-up-wrestling-association-president/articleshow/107676927.cms |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Brij Bhushan Singh's son Karan wins from UP's Kaiserganj on BJP ticket |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/brij-bhushan-singhs-son-karan-wins-from-ups-kaiserganj-on-bjp-ticket-2549001-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Karan Bhushan Singh was born on 13 December 1990, to [[Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh]] and [[Ketki Devi Singh]]. He is the youngest son in his family. His brother [[Prateek Bhushan Singh]] (born 9 May 1988) is also an Indian politician, a 2nd Term Member of The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]].{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

He received a [[Bachelor of Business Administration]] from [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University]], and a [[business management]] diploma in [[Australia]]. He is also a former national [[double trap]] shooter.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=Who is Karan Bhushan Singh? Former shooter is BJP's Kaiserganj pick |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/kaiserganj-lok-sabha-election-2024-karan-singh-brij-bhushan-singh-son-2534386-2024-05-02 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=विदेश से पढ़ाई, शूटिंग के नेशनल खिलाड़ी... कौन हैं बृजभूषण के बेटे करण भूषण सिंह जिन्हें BJP ने कैसरगंज से दिया टिकट |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/who-is-brij-bhushan-sharan-son-karan-bhushan-singh-whom-bjp-can-give-ticket-from-kaiserganj-lok-sabha-election-lclam-1935792-2024-05-02 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

He has two children, one son and one daughter.<ref name=":0" />

== Political career ==
He received 571,263 votes in the [[18th Lok Sabha]] election in [[Kaiserganj Lok Sabha constituency|Kaiserganj]], defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Bhagat Ram Mishra by 148,843 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Nisha |date=2024-06-04 |title=Lok Sabha polls result: Brij Bhushan Singh's son Karan wins UP's Kaiserganj |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/lok-sabha-polls-2024-result-kaiserganj-constituency-result-brij-bhushan-s-son-karan-leads-in-up-s-kaiserganj-124060400772_1.html |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref name="Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas">{{cite news|title=Inheritors {{!}} Next-gen netas|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|accessdate=25 March 2025|publisher=India Today|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325141549/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-inheritors-next-gen-netas-2565854-2024-07-13|archivedate=25 March 2025|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

Ram Swaroop Prasad

2026-04-20T09:29:16Z

NydiaSilverman2: Made article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Swaroop Prasad
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1935|1|5}}
| birth_place = Hansepur, [[Nalanda]], [[Bihar]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 2015
| death_place =
| constituency1 = [[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]], [[Bihar]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term = 2005-2009
| predecessor = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| successor = [[Kaushalendra Kumar]]
| term1 = 1989-1991
| predecessor1 = [[Vijay Kumar Yadav (Communist Party politician)|Vijay Kumar Yadav]]
| successor1 = Vijay Kumar Yadav
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Sunaina Devi
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = [https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4217&lastls=14]
}}
'''Ram Swaroop Prasad''' was an [[Indian politician]] who served as a Member of the [[List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha|9th]] and [[Member of 14th Lok Sabha|14th Lok Sabha]] from [[Nalanda Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of 14th Lok Sabha |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=14 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of 9th Lok Sabha |url=https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/lokaralpha.aspx?lsno=9 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref> He also won the [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Ekangarsarai|Ekangarsara Assembly constituencyi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Assembly Election Results in 1972 |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/1972-election-results.html/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Elections in India}}</ref> and [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] and [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Islampur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Islampur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1985 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF BIHAR |url=https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/1985.pdf |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Assembly Election Results in 1985 |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/1985-election-results.html/ |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Winning and Runner-up Candidates of Bihar Assembly Election, 2005 (Oct-Nov) |url=https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Election%20Result/winner_runnerup.pdf |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 5 January 1939, in [[Nalanda district]] and married Sunaina Devi on 1 January 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members Bioprofile |url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4217&lastls=14 |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref> In 2015, he died due to a [[heart attack]] at the age of 82.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नालंदा के पूर्व सांसद रामस्वरूप प्रसाद का निधन, सीएम ने जताया शोक |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-nalanda-former-mp-ram-swaroop-prasad-passes-away-5269920-PHO.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=16 October 2022 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020202708/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-nalanda-former-mp-ram-swaroop-prasad-passes-away-5269920-PHO.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4217&lastls=14 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Ram Swaroop}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]

{{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}

R. Siva

2026-04-20T08:56:04Z

NydiaSilverman2: Made new entry...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. Siva
| image =
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Portrait of Puducherry Leader of Opposition Thiru R.Siva
| office = 12th [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| lieutenant_governor = {{ubl|[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]|[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]|[[Kuniyil Kailashnathan]]}}
| predecessor = [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| term_start = 8 May 2021
| constituency = [[Villianur (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Villianur]]
| office1 = Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Villianur (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Villianur]]
| term_start1 = 8 May 2021
| predecessor1 = [[A. Namassivayam]]
| constituency2 = [[Orleampeth (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Orleampeth]]
| term_start2 = 8 May 2016
| term_end2 = 7 May 2021
| predecessor2 = [[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]]
| successor2 = [[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]]
| constituency3 = [[Orleampeth (Union Territory Assembly constituency)|Orleampeth]]
| term_start3 = 8 May 1996
| term_end3 = 7 May 2011
| predecessor3 = K. Parasuraman
| successor3 = [[G. Nehru Kuppusamy]]
| order4 =
| office4 = Secretary of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Puducherry
| predecessor4 = ''Position Established''
| term_start4 = 8 May 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|04|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[India]]
| spouse =
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = [[Politician]]
| father =
| relatives =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ragavapillai Siva''' (born 29 April 1967) is an Indian politician and a prominent member of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK). He currently serves as the 13th Leader of the Opposition in the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] and represents the [[Villianur Assembly constituency|Villianur]] constituency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/may/08/four-time-mla-r-siva-appointed-leader-of-dmk-legislature-party-in-puducherry-2300076.html|title=Four-time MLA R Siva appointed leader of DMK legislature party in Puducherry|date=8 May 2021}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Siva began his political journey as a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). He was first elected to the Puducherry Legislative Assembly in 1996, representing the Orleampeth constituency. He continued serving as a member of the assembly from 1996 to 2011 and again from 2016 to 2021. Throughout his political career, Siva has been known for his dedication to the people of Puducherry.<ref>{{Cite news|title=R Siva appointed DMK legislature party leader in Assembly|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/r-siva-appointed-dmk-legislature-party-leader-in-puducherry-assembly/articleshow/82482227.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref>

In the 2021 elections, Siva was elected from the Villianur constituency, marking his return to the Legislative Assembly after a brief hiatus. Following his election, he was appointed the Leader of the Opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly on 8 May 2021. His leadership was recognized by DMK President M. K. Stalin, who also appointed him as the first secretary of the DMK, Puducherry unit.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|title=R Siva appointed DMK legislature party leader in Puducherry Assembly|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/r-siva-appointed-dmk-legislature-party-leader-in-puducherry-assembly/article34515445.ece|access-date=2021-06-25|website=@businessline|date=8 May 2021}}</ref>

== Leadership in DMK ==
Siva's political alignment has always been with the DMK, and under his leadership, the Puducherry unit has strengthened its presence. His appointment as the Leader of the Opposition reflects his political influence and his ability to lead the party through challenging times in the assembly.

== Political Roles and Positions ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Political Roles and Positions of R. Siva
|-
! Role
! Constituency / Position
! Term
! Notes
|-
| Leader of the Opposition
| Puducherry Legislative Assembly
| 8 May 2021 – present
| Appointed after the 2021 elections by DMK President M. K. Stalin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/may/08/four-time-mla-r-siva-appointed-leader-of-dmk-legislature-party-in-puducherry-2300076.html|title=Four-time MLA R Siva appointed leader of DMK legislature party in Puducherry|date=8 May 2021|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref>
|-
| Member of the Legislative Assembly
| Villianur
| 8 May 2021 – present
| Won the 2021 Puducherry Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=R. Siva(DMK):Constituency- VILLIANUR(PUDUCHERRY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/Puducherry2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=7|access-date=2021-06-25|website=myneta.info}}</ref>
|-
| Member of the Legislative Assembly
| Orleampeth
| 1996 – 2011, 2016 – 2021
| Served three consecutive terms (1996–2011) and one more (2016–2021).<ref>{{Cite news|title=R Siva appointed DMK legislature party leader in Assembly|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/r-siva-appointed-dmk-legislature-party-leader-in-puducherry-assembly/articleshow/82482227.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref>
|-
| Secretary – Puducherry Unit
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
| 8 May 2021 – present
| Appointed as DMK Puducherry unit secretary.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|title=R Siva appointed DMK legislature party leader in Puducherry Assembly|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/r-siva-appointed-dmk-legislature-party-leader-in-puducherry-assembly/article34515445.ece|access-date=2021-06-25|website=@businessline|date=8 May 2021}}</ref>
|}

== Electoral history ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Electoral History of R. Siva
|-
! Year !! Constituency !! Winner !! Party !! Result (Symbol) !! Runner-up !! Runner-up Party
|-
| 1996 || Orleampeth || R. Siva || DMK ||[[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|center|50px]] || K. Parasuraman || AIADMK
|-
| 2001 || Orleampeth || R. Siva || DMK || [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|center|50px]] || G. Chezhian || AIADMK
|-
| 2006 || Orleampeth || R. Siva || DMK || [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|center|50px]] ||G. Nehru Kuppusamy || Independent
|-
| 2011 || Orleampeth || G. Nehru Kuppusamy || AINRC || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Jug.svg|center|30px]] || R. Siva || DMK
|-
| 2016 || Orleampeth || R. Siva || DMK || [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|center|50px]] || G. Nehru Kuppusamy || AINRC
|-
| 2021 || Villianur || R. Siva || DMK || [[File:Indian election symbol rising sun.svg|center|50px]] || S. V. Sugumaran || AINRC
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
*[[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siva, R.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Pondicherry MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:Pondicherry MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

Jamtara Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:17:38Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating first pg first draft

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jamtara
| type = SLA
| state = Jharkhand
| established = 2000
| abolished =
| electors = 2,77,191
| mla = [[Irfan Ansari]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)}}
| constituency_no = 9
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| district = [[Jamtara district|Jamtara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dumka Lok Sabha constituency|Dumka]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Irfan Ansari.jpg
| map_image = Jamtara constituency map.svg
}}
'''Jamtara''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].<ref name=jhceo>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC & PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}</ref>

==Overview==
Jamtara Assembly constituency covers: Jamtara Police Station (excluding Karmatanr, Sahajpur, Pindari, Lakhanpur, Rataniya, Rampurbhitra and Kajra gram panchayats) and Narayanpur Police Station in Jamtara district.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 26 January 2016 }}</ref>

Jamtara Assembly constituency is part of [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]] ||rowspan=2|Shatrughan Besra || {{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
| [[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]] ||Kali Prasad Singh || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]] ||Shatrughan Besra || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]] ||Kali Prasad Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]] ||rowspan=2|Durga Prasad Singh
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]] ||Arun Kumar Bose || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=4|[[Furqan Ansari|Md. Furqan Ansari]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2005]] ||Bishnu Prased Bhaiya<ref name=election2005>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|2009★
|[[Shibu Soren]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
||Bishnu Prased Bhaiya<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|rowspan=3|[[Irfan Ansari]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<ref name=result>{{cite web|url = https://www.elections.in/jharkhand/assembly-constituencies/jamtara.html |title = Jamtara Election Results 2014 Jharkhand|publisher = Elections.in |access-date = 26 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamtara<ref>{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 - Seats won by JMM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |access-date=24 November 2024 |date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124045445/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/partywisewinresult-852S27.htm |archive-date=24 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Irfan Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,33,266 |percentage=54.62% |change={{increase}}1.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sita Soren]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=89,590 |percentage=36.72% |change={{increase}}1.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarun Ku. Gupta |party=Jharkhand Loktantrik Krantikari Morcha |votes=5,151 |percentage=2.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakhan Lal Mandal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,553 |percentage=1.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sujit Das |party=Independent politician |votes=2,487 |percentage=1.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arif Ansari |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,812 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,849 |percentage=1.17% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=43,676 |percentage=17.90% |change= {{decrease}}0.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,44,009 |percentage=75.93% |change= {{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,21,367 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamtara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/11813-jharkhand-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=9 February 2022 |date=6 February 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Irfan Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,12,829 |percentage=53.11% |change={{increase}}17.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birendra Mandal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=74,088 |percentage=34.87% |change={{increase}}4.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarun Kumar Gupta |party=Independent politician |votes=6,219 |percentage=2.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chameli Devi |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=4,780 |percentage=2.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Pahan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,407 |percentage=1.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Mannan Ansari |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=1,646 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Anwar Ansari |party=Independent politician |votes=1,549 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=3,031 |percentage=1.43% |change={{decrease}}0.66 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38,741 |percentage=18.24% |change= {{increase}}13.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,12,451 |percentage=76.64% |change= {{decrease}}1.98 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,77,191 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.59 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}17.94 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamtara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3787-jharkhand-2014/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Irfan Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=67,486 |percentage=35.17% |change={{decrease}}1.9}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birendra Mandal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=58,349 |percentage=30.41% |change={{increase}}23.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishnu Prasad Bhaiya |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=52,029 |percentage=27.12% |change={{decrease}}19.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sukhdev Ray |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,293 |percentage=1.20% |change={{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Kumar Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,867 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nandgopal Singh |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,321 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Mustak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,128 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,996 |percentage=2.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,137 |percentage=4.76% |change= {{decrease}}9.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,91,876 |percentage=78.63% |change= {{increase}}22.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,44,034 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamtara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3786-jharkhand-2009/ |title=Jharkhand 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=20 August 2018 |access-date= 23 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishnu Prasad Bhaiya |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=62,795 |percentage=46.60% ||change={{increase}}10.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Furqan Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=49,952 |percentage=37.07% |change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baby Sarkar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,228 |percentage=6.85% |change={{decrease}}14.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Saryu Pd. Mandal |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=2,580 |percentage=1.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakhindar Murmu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,827 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anwar Hussen |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,552 |percentage=1.15% |change={{decrease}}2.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Buddha Deb Marandi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,494 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,843 |percentage=9.53% |change= {{increase}}6.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,34,741 |percentage=62.21% |change= {{increase}}1.94 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,16,606 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}7.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 elections in India#Jharkhand|2009 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Jamtara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sibhu Soran |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=42,668 |percentage=35.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarun Kumar Gupta |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,036 |percentage=20.91% |change={{decrease}}18.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abbu Talib Ansari |party=Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) |votes=13,494 |percentage=11.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Virendar Mandal |party=Independent politician |votes=8,686 |percentage=7.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Md. Riyaz Ahmed |party=Janata Dal |votes=6,909 |percentage=5.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Kumar Dubey |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,907 |percentage=4.10% |change={{increase}}0.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal Mandal |party=Independent politician |votes=3,821 |percentage=3.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,632 |percentage=14.73% |change= {{increase}}5.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,19,705 |percentage=55.71% |change= {{decrease}}6.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,14,867 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |loser=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |swing= {{decrease}}10.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamtara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3785-jharkhand-2005/ |title=Jharkhand General Legislative Election 2005 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishnu Prasad Bhaiya |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=49,387 |percentage=39.02% |change={{increase}}7.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Irfan Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=45,895 |percentage=36.26% |change={{decrease}}3.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Birendra Mandal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,049 |percentage=3.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siraj Ansari |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,706 |percentage=3.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Kumar Hansda |party=All Jharkhand Students Union |votes=4,038 |percentage=3.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Babu Lal Marandi |party=Independent politician |votes=3,034 |percentage=2.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dulal Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,885 |percentage=2.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,492 |percentage=2.76% |change= {{decrease}}5.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,26,575 |percentage=60.27% |change= {{decrease}}3.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,10,012 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2000===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Jamtara<ref>{{cite web|url = https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |title = Statistical Report on General Election, 2000 to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar|access-date = 16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005142035/https://ceobihar.nic.in/BiharElection/Statistical%20Report/2000.pdf |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |website=ceobihar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Bihar}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Furqan Ansari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,002 |percentage=39.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishnu Prasad Bhaiya |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=33,738 |percentage=31.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Lal Hembram |party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha |votes=23,541 |percentage=22.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jay Prakash Mandal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,578 |percentage=3.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chintamani Mandal |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,984 |percentage=1.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Asit Kumar Mandal |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=861 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Shankar Lal Murmu |party=Independent politician |votes=667 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,264 |percentage=7.77% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,371 |percentage=64.06% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,67,935 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Jamtara block]]
*[[Narayanpur block]]
*[[List of states of India by type of legislature]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jamtara district]]
[[Category:Politics of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2000]]

Mantra Shakti

2026-04-18T13:30:56Z

NydiaSilverman2: made initial pg w/ infobox!

{{short description|1954 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mantra Shakti
| native_name = মন্ত্র শক্তি
| director = [[Chitta Basu (director)|Chitta Basu]]
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Uttam Kumar]] [[Anubha Gupta]] [[Asit Baran]] [[Bhanu Banerjee]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| released = {{Film date|1954}}
| country = India
| language = Bengali
}}
'''''Mantra Shakti''''' (''The Power of Chantis'') is an [[Indian Bengal]]i [[drama film]] directed by [[Chitta Basu (director)|Chitta Basu]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mantra Shakti (1954) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/mantra-shakti-34995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617141421/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/mantra-shakti-34995|url-status=live|archive-date=17 June 2020|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> and produced by Harendranath Chattopadhyay. It was released in 1954<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|first1=Ashish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&q=Mantra+Shakti+1954&pg=PT278|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|last2=Willemen|first2=Paul|date=2014-07-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|language=en}}</ref> under the banner of H. N. C. Productions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mantra Shakti (1954)|url=https://indiancine.ma/HGE|access-date=2020-09-22|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|first=Ayan|last=Ray|title=Mantrashakti ( 1954)|url=https://archive.org/details/Mantrashakti1954|access-date=2021-05-30|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Uttam Kumar]]
* [[Anubha Gupta]]
* [[Asit Baran]]
* [[Bhanu Banerjee]]
* [[Ahindra Choudhury]]
* [[Molina Devi]]
* [[Manju Dey]]
* [[Jahar Ganguly]]
* Sandhyarani
* Kanu Banerjee
* Preeti Majumdar
* Ranibala
* Robi Roy

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0047214}}
{{Chitta Basu}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1954 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]

Kamakhyanagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:07:19Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating the article first draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Kamakhyanagar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kamakhyanagar
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 57
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northern Division
| district = [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = SatrughnaJena.jpg
| mla = [[Satrughan Jena]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,19,965{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Kamakhyanagar''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Dhenkanal district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=57|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304222201/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=57|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 March 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Kamakshyanagar (57) District : Dhenkanal |accessdate= 3 March 2014}}</ref>

Area of this constituency includes [[Kamakhyanagar]], [[Bhuban]], 15 [[Gram panchayat|GP]]s (Badasuanlo, Jagannathpur, Bhairapur, Baruan(K), Baunspal, Kanapura, Baisinga, Baligorad, Mahulapal, Kadua, Rainarasinghpur, Sogar, Budhibilli, Bankual and Kotagara) of Kamakshyanagar block and 7 GPs (Barada, Gengutia, Sankulei, Tarva, Chaulia, Sogarpasi and Bansingh) of Dhenkanal block, and Bhuban block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

In 1985 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Prasanna Pattnaik]] was elected from Kamakhyanagar to become the first [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] MLA from Odisha.

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp120.htm|title= 120 - Kamakhyanagar Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 3 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|49}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|51.58}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|43.59}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|45.11}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|44.84}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|51.71}}
{{bar percent|1997 (bypoll)|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|61.17}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|60.75}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|51.79}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|48.15}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|58.54}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|41.87}}
}}

Since its formation in 1957, 17 elections were held till date including one bypoll in 1997.

List of members elected from Kamakshyanagar constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kamakhyanagar Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/kamakhyanagar.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 2 March 2014}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kamakhyanagar Assembly Election Results 2024: Kamakhyanagar Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/kamakhyanagar-constituency-result-18057 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Satrughan Jena]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |[[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Brahmananda Biswal
|-
|1997 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Kailash Chandra Mohapatra}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Bye Election: Kamakhyanagar 1997 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/468 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Premalata Mohapatra]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|Kailash Chandra Mohapatra
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" |Prasanna Patanayak
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Kailash Chandra Mohapatra
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Prasanna Patanayak
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Brahmananda Biswal
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (R)}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Brundaban Tripathy
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|-
|[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Ratnaprava Devi
|{{full party name with color|Ganatantra Parishad}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 25 May 2024 in 3rd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 6th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Satrughan Jena]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]] by a margin of 4,662 votes.<ref name=":0" />{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]],Kamakshyanagar}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satrughan Jena]]
|votes = 84,589
|percentage = 49
|change = {{increase}}8.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]]|votes=79,927|percentage=46.3|change={{down}}5.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Biprabar Sahu|votes=3,430|percentage=1.99|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,905|percentage=1.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=4,662|percentage=2.7|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,72,632|percentage=78.48|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Satrughan Jena]] by a margin of 16,509 votes.<ref name="election2019" />

{{Election box begin|
| title= [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Kamakshyanagar<ref name="TP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-III) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase3/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%283rd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf|website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]]
|votes = 81,695
|percentage = 51.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Satrughan Jena]]
|votes = 65,186
|percentage = 41.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhabani Sankar Mohaptra
|votes = 6,694
|percentage = 4.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,453
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,509
|percentage = 10.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 158379
|percentage = 73.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Bhabani Sankar Mohaptra by a margin of 16,881 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=17 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Kamakshyanagar, Kamakshyanagar<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Kamakshyanagar|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1857.htm?ac=57|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=17 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Kamakshyanagar (57)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=57|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120051655/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=57|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 November 2023|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=17 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Prafulla Kumar Mallik
|votes = 64,163
|percentage = 43.59
|change = {{down}}1.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhabani Sankar Mohaptra
|votes = 47,282
|percentage = 32.12
|change = {{up}}4.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prasanna Pattnaik
|votes = 25,927
|percentage = 17.61
|change = {{up}}8.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,965
|percentage = 1.33
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,881
|percentage = 11.47
|change = {{down}}5.81
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,47,198
|percentage = 76.74
|change = 11.74
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,91,817
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 election]], [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Satrughan Jena]] by a margin of 20,594 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=20594 |accessdate=3 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Kamakshyanagar<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Prafulla Kumar Mallik]]
|votes = 53,766
|percentage = 45.11
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Satrughan Jena]]
|votes = 33,172
|percentage = 27.83
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Kailash Chandra Mishra
|votes = 19,217
|percentage = 16.12
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Premananda Jena
|votes = 11,241
|percentage = 9.43
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20,594
|percentage = 17.28{{efn|%of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,19,203
|percentage = 65.00
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Dhenkanal district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|20.93|85.56|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Dhenkanal district]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Orissa]]

Sudeepa filmography

2026-04-14T10:46:57Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating basic details v1 - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
[[File:Sudeep - TeachAIDS Recording Session (13567354794).jpg|thumb| Sudeepa in 2013]]
[[Sudeepa]] is an [[India]]n actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and television presenter who primarily works in the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada film industry]], in addition to having worked in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. He is popularly known as Kiccha Sudeep. Sudeep began his acting career with supporting roles in ''[[Thayavva]]'' (1997) and ''[[Prathyartha]]'' (1999), before making his breakthrough with a leading role in the romance [[Sparsha (film)|''Sparsha'']] (2000). He established himself in the critically acclaimed ''[[Huchcha]]'' (2001), and his performance earned him the nickname "Kiccha Sudeepa" by his fans. He has gone onto star in several commercially successful films such as [[Nandhi (2002 film)|''Nandhi'']] (2002), ''[[Kiccha]]'' (2003), ''[[Swathi Muthu]]'' (2003), ''[[My Autograph]]'' (2006), ''[[No 73, Shanthi Nivasa]]'' (2007), ''[[Mussanjemaatu]]'' (2008), [[Veera Madakari (film)|''Veera Madakari'']] (2009), ''[[Just Maath Maathalli]]'' (2010), ''[[Rakta Charitra]]'' (2010), [[Vishnuvardhana (film)|''Vishnuvardhana'']] (2011), [[Kempe Gowda (film)|''Kempe Gowda'']] (2011), ''[[Eega]]'' (2012), ''[[Maanikya]]'' (2014), [[Ranna (film)|''Ranna'']] (2015), ''[[Kotigobba 2]]'' (2016), ''[[Hebbuli]]'' (2017), [[The Villain (2018 film)|''The Villain'']] (2018), ''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]'' (2019), ''[[Pailwaan]]'' (2019), ''[[Vikrant Rona]]'' (2022), ''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]'' (2024) and ''[[Mark (2025 film)|Mark]]'' (2025).

==Film==
{{pending films key}}
*''Note: He was credited as Sudeep from 2000 to 2010 and as Sudeepa from 2010 onwards.''
*''Note: All films are in Kannada unless noted otherwise.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="1" | 1997
| ''[[Thayavva]]''
| Ramu
|
|
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Prathyartha]]'' || rowspan="2" | Sudeep || ||
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Sparsha (film)|Sparsha]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2001
| ''[[Huchcha]]''
| Sachidananda "Kichcha"
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vaalee (2001 film)|Vaalee]]'' || Shiva and Deva || [[Dual role]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2002
| ''[[Chandu (2002 film)|Chandu]]''
| Chandrashekar "Chandu"
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thuntata (film)|Thuntata]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance in the song "Sutha Mutha Yaar"
|
|-
| ''[[Dhumm]]''
| Varadharaj
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nandhi (2002 film)|Nandhi]]''
| Nandhi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003
| ''[[Kiccha]]''
| Krishna Mohan "Kichcha"
|
|
|-
| ''[[Partha (film)|Partha]]'' || Partha || ||
|-
| ''[[Swathi Muthu]]''
| Shivayya
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004
| ''[[Ranga SSLC|Ranga (S.S.L.C)]]''
| Ranga
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nalla]]'' || Prashanth "Pachhi" || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2005
| ''[[Maharaja (2005 film)|Maharaja]]''
| Surya
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kashi from Village]]''
| Kashi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Gunna (film)|Gunna]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Sye (2005 film)|Sye]]''
| Chakri
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nammanna]]''
| Muttanna
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2006
| ''[[My Autograph]]''
| Shankar
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thirupathi (2006 Kannada film)|Thirupathi]]''
| ACP Thirupathi
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jackpot (2006 film)|Jackpot]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Hubli (film)|Hubli]]''
| Ajay Kumar Surnayak
|
|
|-
| ''[[Care of Footpath|C/o Footpath]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
| ''[[No 73, Shanthi Nivasa]]''
| Raghu
|
|
|-
| ''[[Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige]]''
| Extremist leader
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2008
| ''[[Gooli]]''
| Gooli
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mussanjemaatu]]''
| RJ Pradeep
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaamannana Makkalu]]'' || Rama || ||
|-
|''[[Phoonk]]''
|Rajiv
|[[Hindi film]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: Phoonk |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/22phoonk.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203081705/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/22phoonk.htm |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=2 May 2017 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mast Maja Maadi]]''|| ACP Prathap || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
| ''[[Meghave Meghave]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Veera madakari (2009 film)|Veera Madakari]]''|| Muttatti Sathyaraju and ACP Madakari IPS || Dual role ||
|-
| rowspan="9" |2010
|''[[Rann (film)|Rann]]''
|Jay V. Malik
|Hindi film
|
|-
| ''[[Just Maath Maathalli]]''
| Siddharth
|
|
|-
|''[[Phoonk 2]]''
|Rajiv
|Hindi film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2010 |title=Review: 'Phoonk 2' is a complete letdown |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-phoonk-2-is-a-complete-letdown-1372238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831164911/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-phoonk-2-is-a-complete-letdown-1372238 |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=2 May 2017 |work=Daily News & Analysis}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aithalakkadi]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Mr. Theertha]]''
| Theertha
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kiccha Huccha|Kichcha Huchcha]]''
| Krishna Murthy "Kiccha"
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rakta Charitra]]''
| [[Superintendent of police (India)|DCP]] Mohan Prasad
| Hindi{{endash}}[[Telugu film|Telugu]] bilingual film
|
|-
| ''[[Veera Parampare]]''
| Teja
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rakta Charitra 2]]''
| [[Superintendent of police (India)|DCP]] Mohan Prasad
| Hindi{{endash}}Telugu bilingual film
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011
| ''[[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempe Gowda]]''
| Kempe Gowda
|
|
|-
| ''[[Police Story 3 (2011 film)|Police Story 3]]''
| Surya
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Vishnuvardhana (film)|Vishnuvardhana]]''
| Vishnuvardhana "Vishnu"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|''[[Eega]]''
| rowspan="2" |Sudeep
| rowspan="2" |Bilingual film
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|''[[Eega|Naan Ee]]''
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2013
| ''[[Varadhanayaka]]''
| ACP Varadhanayaka
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bachchan (2013 film)|Bachchan]]''|| Bharath || ||
|-
|''[[Action 3D]]''
|Himself
| Telugu film; cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Rangan Style]]''
| Krishna
| Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Maanikya]]''|| Vijay || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2015
| ''[[Ranna (film)|Ranna]]''|| Bhargava "Chandu" Chandra || ||
|-
| ''[[Luv U Alia]]''|| Himself || Cameo appearance ||
|-
| ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
| Aslam Khan
| Telugu{{endash}}[[Tamil film|Tamil]] bilingual film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Fame flies for Sudeep |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kannada-superstar-sudeep-of-naan-ee-fame-talks-about-his-next-film-and-making-fans-in-japan/article6275474.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227050420/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kannada-superstar-sudeep-of-naan-ee-fame-talks-about-his-next-film-and-making-fans-in-japan/article6275474.ece |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=26 April 2016 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Puli (2015 film)|Puli]]''
|Senadhipathy Jalatharangan
|Tamil film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2015 |title=Kannada superstar Sudeep opens up about getting to know Vijay and Sridevi on sets of 'Puli' |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-kannada-superstar-sudeep-opens-up-about-getting-to-know-vijay-and-sridevi-on-sets-of-puli-2128877 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807060001/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-kannada-superstar-sudeep-opens-up-about-getting-to-know-vijay-and-sridevi-on-sets-of-puli-2128877 |archive-date=7 August 2016 |access-date=26 April 2016 |work=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016 || ''[[Apoorva (2016 film)|Apoorva]]''|| Terrorist || Cameo appearance || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/apoorva-life-advice-ravichandran-style/article8659450.ece|title=Review of Apoorva: Life advice, Ravichandran style|date=28 May 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kotigobba 2]]''|| Sathya "Shiva" || rowspan="2" | Bilingual film
|
|-
|''[[Mudinja Ivana Pudi]]''
|Satyam "Shivam"
|
|-
| ''[[Mukunda Murari]]'' || [[Krishna|Murari]] || || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Rachita Ram and Bhavana dance to Murali lola hai Gopala |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Rachita-Ram-and-Bhavana-dance-to-Murali-lola-hai-Gopala/2016/09/21/article3625746.ece|access-date=24 September 2016 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925012447/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/Rachita-Ram-and-Bhavana-dance-to-Murali-lola-hai-Gopala/2016/09/21/article3625746.ece|archive-date=25 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Hebbuli]]''
| Captain Ram
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-do-not-listen-to-detailed-story-lines/article17351106.ece |title='I do not listen to detailed story lines' |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |date=1 March 2017 |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025054328/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/i-do-not-listen-to-detailed-story-lines/article17351106.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2018
| ''[[Raju Kannada Medium]]''
| Deepak Chakravarthy
| rowspan="2" | Cameo appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Kicchu]]''
| Forest Officer
|
|-
| ''[[Ambi Ning Vayassaytho]]''
| Young Ambi
|
|
|-
| ''[[The Villain (2018 film)|The Villain]]''
| Ram "Ravana"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019
| ''[[Pailwaan]]''
| Pailwaan Krishna "Kichcha"
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=South film Pailwaan may become the first Kannada-based project to release in China |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/south-film-pailwaan-may-become-the-first-kannada-based-project-to-release-in-china/articleshow/71376808.cms |access-date=29 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=30 September 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106202141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/south-film-pailwaan-may-become-the-first-kannada-based-project-to-release-in-china/articleshow/71376808.cms |archive-date=6 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy]]''
|Avuku Raju
|Telugu film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |date=21 August 2018 |title=Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy teaser out: Chiranjeevi is fierce in period drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-teaser-out-chiranjeevi-looks-fierce-1319876-2018-08-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902163737/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/sye-raa-narasimha-reddy-teaser-out-chiranjeevi-looks-fierce-1319876-2018-08-21 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Dabangg 3]]''
|Bali Singh
|Hindi film
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |date=8 October 2019 |title=Dabangg 3: Salman Khan introduces Kiccha Sudeep as villain Balli |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dabangg-3-salman-khan-introduces-kiccha-sudeep-as-villain-balli-1607191-2019-10-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029135546/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dabangg-3-salman-khan-introduces-kiccha-sudeep-as-villain-balli-1607191-2019-10-08 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |access-date=29 October 2019 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021 || ''[[Mangalavara Rajaadina]]'' || Himself || Cameo appearance ||
|-
|''[[Kotigobba 3]]'' || Sathya "Shiva" and Shiva "Ghost"|| [[Dual role]] || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kotigobba 3 rolls; Sudeep to double as storywriter |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/mar/02/kotigobba-3-rolls-sudeep-to-double-as-storywriter-1781192.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=2 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626151856/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/mar/02/kotigobba-3-rolls-sudeep-to-double-as-storywriter-1781192.html |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022 || ''[[Vikrant Rona]]'' || Vikrant Rona || || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title='ಫ್ಯಾಂಟಮ್' ಚಿತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಿಚ್ಚ ಸುದೀಪ್ ಜೊತೆ ನಿರೂಪ್ ಭಂಡಾರಿ ಅಭಿನಯ |url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2019/dec/14/nirup-bhandari-to-star-with-kichcha-sudeep-in-phantom-407735.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214125052/https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2019/dec/14/nirup-bhandari-to-star-with-kichcha-sudeep-in-phantom-407735.html |archive-date=14 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-14 |website=Kannadaprabha |date=14 December 2019 |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Nirup Bhandari to share screen space with Kichcha Sudeep in Phantom |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/dec/13/nirup-bhandari-to-share-screen-space-with-kichcha-sudeep-in-phantom-16037.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214125056/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/dec/13/nirup-bhandari-to-share-screen-space-with-kichcha-sudeep-in-phantom-16037.html |archive-date=14 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-14 |newspaper=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bhandari brothers to team up with Sudeep |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bhandari-brothers-to-team-up-with-sudeep/articleshow/72602365.cms |access-date=2019-12-14 |website=The Times of India |date=14 December 2019 |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415224819/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bhandari-brothers-to-team-up-with-sudeep/articleshow/72602365.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ravi Bopanna]]'' || Vidyuth Verma || rowspan="2" | Cameo appearance ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Kabzaa (2023 film)|Kabzaa]]'' || Bhargava Bhakshi ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]'' || CI Arjun Mahakshay "Max" || || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kichcha Sudeep's update on his 46th film leaves fans thrilled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/may/25/kichcha-sudeeps-update-on-his-46th-filmleaves-fans-thrilled-2578343.html |access-date=2023-05-25 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525035431/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/may/25/kichcha-sudeeps-update-on-his-46th-filmleaves-fans-thrilled-2578343.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Mark (2025 film)|Mark]]''
| SP Ajay Markandeya "Mark"
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
|''[[KD: The Devil]]''
|Kaala Bhairava
|Cameo appearance
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-||
| {{pending film|Billa Ranga Baasha}}
|Billa, Ranga and Baasha || ||
|}

=== Other credits ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Sudeepa film credits as director, screenwriter and producer
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Credited as
! rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Screenriter
! scope="col" | Producer
|-
| 2006 || ''[[My Autograph]]'' || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[No 73, Shanthi Nivasa]]'' || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||{{yes}} ||
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Veera Madakari]]'' || {{yes}} ||{{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Just Maath Maathalli]]'' || {{yes}} || {{partial|Dialogues}} || ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Kempe Gowda (film)|Kempe Gowda]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Maanikya]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''[[Jigarthanda (2016 film)|Jigarthanda]]'' || || || {{yes}} ||
|-
| ''Vaarasdaara'' || || || {{yes}} || Television series
|-
| 2017 || ''Raajaru'' || || || {{partial|Presenter}} ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Sarkari Hi. Pra. Shaale, Kasaragodu, Koduge: Ramanna Rai]]'' || || || {{partial|Presenter}} ||
|-
| ''[[Ambi Ning Vayassaytho]]'' || || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || ''[[Kotigobba 3]]'' || || {{partial|Story}} || ||
|-
| ''[[83 (film)|83]]'' || || || {{partial|Presenter}} || Kannada dubbed version
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024 || ''[[Gowri (2024 film)|Gowri]]'' || || || {{partial|Presenter}} ||
|-
| ''[[Max (2024 film)|Max]]'' || || || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Mark (2025 film)|Mark]]'' || || || {{yes}} ||
|-
|}

===As Narrator===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of Sudeepa film narration credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Jyeshta (film)|Jyeshta]]'' ||
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| ''[[Katari Veera Surasundarangi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna (2012 film)|Kraanthiveera Sangolli Raayanna]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[The Hitlist]]'' || Kannada version trailer || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj-sswyCZYE |title=The Hit List Kannada Trailer with Sudeep Voice over |date=18 October 2012 |via=YouTube |access-date=27 July 2022 |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727055005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kj-sswyCZYE&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Shravani Subramanya]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Aryan (2014 film)|Aryan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Haggada Kone|Haggada Kone : End of the Rope]]'' || || style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Bangalore 560023]]'' || || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/bangalore-560023/movie-review/49878876.cms |title=Bangalore 560023 Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Bangalore 560023 | newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016 || ''[[Ricky (2016 film)|Ricky]]'' || || style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Jai Maruthi 800]]'' || || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudeep's Lucky Voice for Jai Maruti 800 |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12968-sudeep-s-lucky-voice-for-jai-maruti-800.html |publisher=chitraloka.com|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426092250/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/12968-sudeep-s-lucky-voice-for-jai-maruti-800.html|archive-date=26 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chakravyuha (2016 film)|Chakravyuha]]'' || || style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Mandya to Mumbai]]'' || ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Raaga (film)|Raaga]]'' || || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudeep to give voice over for Raaga |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/Sudeep-to-give-voice-over-for-Raaga/articleshow/56494628.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 January 2017 |access-date=17 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317101202/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/Sudeep-to-give-voice-over-for-Raaga/articleshow/56494628.cms |archive-date=17 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Thayige Thakka Maga (2018 film)|Thayige Thakka Maga]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Bharatipura Cross'' || Short film || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sudeep-tryst-with-bharatipura-cross-short-film-kannada-news-205193 |title=Sudeep tryst with Bharatipura Cross short film |date=18 January 2018 |website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232424/https://www.indiaglitz.com/sudeep-tryst-with-bharatipura-cross-short-film-kannada-news-205193|archive-date=21 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Udgharsha]]'' || For trailer || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>Sudeep Voice over retained in all languages:
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXpaoTVgHAU |title=Udgharsha Kannada Trailer |date=5 March 2019 |via=YouTube | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827071034/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXpaoTVgHAU | url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtVkczrNco8 |title=Udgharsha Telugu Trailer |date=5 March 2019 |via=YouTube | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827071033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtVkczrNco8 | url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIjp5sAOing |title=Udgharsha Tamil Trailer |date=5 March 2019 |via=YouTube | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827071030/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIjp5sAOing | url-status=live}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZLXT5ANLq0 |title=Udgharsha Malayalam Trailer |date=5 March 2019 |via=YouTube | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827071031/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZLXT5ANLq0 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of Sudeepa television credits
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 1996 || ''Premada Kadambari'' || {{Unknown}}||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/cover-story/saying-it-aloud/articleshow/21909836.cms|title=Saying it aloud|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || ''Pyate Hudgir Halli Life'' || Mentor || Season 1
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Scorching the small screen |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/68892/scorching-small-screen.html |newspaper=Deccan Herald|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426174546/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/68892/scorching-small-screen.html|archive-date=26 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2013–present || ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada]]'' || Host || 12 seasons + 1 mini season
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="dna1">{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss Kannada has a big impact on Kichcha Sudeep's life |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-superstar-kichcha-sudeep-to-host-kannada-bigg-boss-2138348 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|access-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103072028/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-superstar-kichcha-sudeep-to-host-kannada-bigg-boss-2138348|archive-date=3 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ahead of Bigg Boss Kannada 8, Sudeep reveals he wanted to quit the show after Season 6 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/bigg-boss-kannada-8-sudeep-reveals-he-wanted-to-quit-the-show-after-season-6-7205936 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=14 March 2021 |language=en |date=28 February 2021 |archive-date=9 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309074414/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/bigg-boss-kannada-8-sudeep-reveals-he-wanted-to-quit-the-show-after-season-6-7205936/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss Kannada 7: Host Kiccha Sudeep's rumoured fee will raise your eyebrows |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-7-host-kiccha-sudeeps-rumoured-fee-will-raise-your-eyebrows/articleshow/71499421.cms |access-date=29 October 2019 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 October 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010024148/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-7-host-kiccha-sudeeps-rumoured-fee-will-raise-your-eyebrows/articleshow/71499421.cms |archive-date=10 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss Kannada Season 8 Launch: Highlights |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/bigg-boss-kannada-season-8-launch-2021-live-updates-sudeep-7208390 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=14 March 2021 |language=en |date=28 February 2021 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308145117/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/bigg-boss-kannada-season-8-launch-2021-live-updates-sudeep-7208390/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || ''Super Kutumba'' || rowspan="4" | Guest ||
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/KicchaSudeep/status/400608478852423680 |title=Came as a guest to th Finale of Udaya tv's kutumba show.... Nice energy by both teams.... |publisher=twitter.com |date=13 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202426/https://twitter.com/KicchaSudeep/status/400608478852423680|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Majaa Talkies]]'' || Season 1 (Episode 33, 34)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Indrajit gifts Sudeep a collector's bat |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Indrajit-gifts-Sudeep-a-collectors-bat/articleshow/47343614.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330144937/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Indrajit-gifts-Sudeep-a-collectors-bat/articleshow/47343614.cms |archive-date=30 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2016 || ''[[Weekend with Ramesh]]'' || Season 2 (Episode 33, 34)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudeep on Weekend With Ramesh finale |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Sudeep-on-Weekend-With-Ramesh-finale/article14251683.ece |access-date=26 April 2016 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426112106/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/sudeep-on-weekend-with-ramesh-finale/article8508780.ece |archive-date=26 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kick'' || Season 1 (Episode 13, 14)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Kichcha Sudeep on Kick">{{cite news |title=Kichcha Sudeep on Kick |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Kichcha-Sudeep-on-Kick/articleshow/53751504.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822005318/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Kichcha-Sudeep-on-Kick/articleshow/53751504.cms |archive-date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Vaarasdaara'' || Producer || 2016 – 2017 (Total Episodes)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kichcha Sudeep produces Vaarsadaara serial |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Kichcha-Sudeep-produces-Vaarsadaara-serial/articleshow/55175860.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208051247/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/Kichcha-Sudeep-produces-Vaarsadaara-serial/articleshow/55175860.cms|archive-date=8 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Championship|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa – Kannada]]'' || rowspan="9" | Guest || Season 13 (Episode 4)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Kichcha Sudeep on Kick"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019 || ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' || Hindi show {{br list | Season 2 (Episode 147, 200, 228, 229) | 3 Times}}
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="Kichcha Sudeep on Kick"/>
|-
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss Hindi]]'' || Hindi show [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Season 13]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Bigg Boss Kannada 7: Kiccha Sudeep asks Salman Khan if he ever felt like slapping a contestant; here's what the superstar replied |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-7-kiccha-sudeep-asks-salman-khan-if-he-ever-felt-like-slapping-a-contestant-heres-what-the-superstar-replied/articleshow/72429791.cms |access-date=12 March 2021 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230101032/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-7-kiccha-sudeep-asks-salman-khan-if-he-ever-felt-like-slapping-a-contestant-heres-what-the-superstar-replied/articleshow/72429791.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Bigg Boss Telugu]]'' || [[Bigg Boss Telugu 4|Season 4]]
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Kiccha Sudeep appears as guest on "Bigg Boss" Telugu 4 with Nagarjuna Akkineni |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kiccha-sudeep-appears-guest-bigg-boss-telugu-4-nagarjuna-akkineni-138732 |access-date=12 March 2021 |work=[[The News Minute]] |date=1 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=1 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301071127/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kiccha-sudeep-appears-guest-bigg-boss-telugu-4-nagarjuna-akkineni-138732 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Anubandha Awards'' || Episode 14 / Part 2
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021 || ''Zee Kutumba Awards'' || Episode 5
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Cookku with Kirikku]]'' || 2 Episodes (Inauguration Episode)
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kichcha Sudeep to feature in the cookery show Cookku with Kirikku |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kichcha-sudeep-to-feature-in-the-cookery-show-cookku-with-kirikku/articleshow/81761731.cms|access-date=2021-07-29 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=30 March 2021 |language=en|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827082117/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kichcha-sudeep-to-feature-in-the-cookery-show-cookku-with-kirikku/articleshow/81761731.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022 || ''Dance Karnataka Dance'' || Season 6 (Episode 23, 24)
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''Geluvina Saradara Vikrant Rona'' || Varamahalaxmi Festival special Talk Show
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Bigg Boss OTT (Kannada TV series)|Bigg Boss Kannada OTT]]'' || Host || [[Bigg Boss OTT Kannada (Season 1)|Season 1]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
|}

==See also==
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Sudeepa]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1679372}}

{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film}}

[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Director filmographies]]

Dookudu

2026-04-09T00:47:23Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{short description|2011 film directed by Srinu Vaitla}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dookudu
| image = Dookudu poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Srinu Vaitla]]
| producer = Ram Achanta Gopichand Achanta [[Anil Sunkara]]
| writer =
| screenplay = Srinu Vaitla
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Srinu Vaitla [[Kona Venkat]]
}}
| story = Srinu Vaitla [[Gopimohan]]
| starring = [[Mahesh Babu]] [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]] [[Prakash Raj]] [[Sonu Sood]]
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| cinematography = [[K. V. Guhan]] [[Prasad Murella]]
| editing = M. R. Varma
| studio = 14 Reels Entertainment
| distributor = [[G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment|GMB Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|9|23|India}}
| country = India
| runtime = 175 minutes
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}35{{nbsp}}crore<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=4 October 2011 |title=B-town grabs Dookudu |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228082039/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}102{{nbsp}}crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2011 |title=Mahesh Babu's Dookudu collects 101 cr in 50 days |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/mahesh-babus-dookudu-collects-101-cr-in-50-days-11164 |website=[[NDTV|NDTV Movies]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Dookudu''''' ({{translation|Aggression}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action comedy|action comedy film]] directed by [[Srinu Vaitla]] and written by Vaitla, [[Kona Venkat]], and [[Gopimohan]]. It is produced by Ram Achanta, Gopi Achanta, and Anil Sunkara under the banner 14 Reels Entertainment. The film stars [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]], [[Prakash Raj]], and [[Sonu Sood]] alongside [[Brahmanandam]] who played a supporting role. The film revolves around Ajay Kumar (Babu), a police officer and son of ex-MLA Shankar Narayana (Raj), who awakes from [[coma]], but his health remains perilous. To aid his recovery, Kumar masquerades as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] fulfilling his father's ambition for him, while also hunting his father's foes. The film was inspired by the 2003 [[German film]] ''[[Good Bye, Lenin!]]''.

The film began production on 28 June 2010 at [[Hyderabad]]. Shooting began on 22 October 2010 in Turkey and lasted till mid-September 2011. The film was predominantly shot in Hyderabad, with portions shot in Mumbai, Gujarat, Istanbul, Dubai, and Switzerland. [[Thaman S]] composed the music and M. R. Varma edited the film, while [[K. V. Guhan]] handled the cinematography after [[Prasad Murella]] left the project mid-way.

''Dookudu'' was released on 23 September 2011 on 1800 screens worldwide. Upon release, ''Dookudu'' received positive reviews and was declared a success at the [[box-office]]. It was cited as "The biggest hit you've never heard of" by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. The film collected a distributor share of over {{INR}}56.7{{nbsp}}crore in its lifetime and grossed roughly {{INR}}100{{nbsp}}crore in its lifetime making it the highest-grossing Telugu film of that year and the second highest-grossing Telugu film of all time. In addition, the film won [[List of accolades received by Dookudu|various accolades]], which include seven [[Nandi Awards]], six [[59th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], eight [[1st South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] and eight [[CineMAA Awards]].

The film was remade in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Challenge 2]]'' (2012) and in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] as ''[[Power (2014 Kannada film)|Power]]'' (2014).<ref name="m.rediff.com">{{Cite web |title='I knew Dookudu would be a blockbuster' |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-director-seenu-vaitla-on-dookudu/20111004.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Review: Power** |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Film-Review-Power/articleshow/41273104.cms}}</ref> It was dubbed in [[Hindi]] as ''The Real Tiger'', [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Athiradi Vettai'' and [[Malayalam]] as ''Choodan'', [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''Dookudu'', and Kannada as ''Police Power''.

== Plot ==
During the political realm of [[N. T. Rama Rao]], Shankar Narayana is an [[Independent politician|independent]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency of Shankar Nagar, which is named after him, in Hyderabad, and is regarded as a champion for the poor. When a truck collides with the car his brother Satyam and he is in, Shankar goes into a coma. Except for his family, everyone else presumes that he is killed in the accident. His son Ajay is a police officer in Mumbai who fights against the mafia and is on a mission to apprehend [[American Mafia|Mafia]] don Nayak who is involved in [[illegal drug trade]], [[extortion]], and [[arms trafficking]].

When he heads to Turkey in an undercover operation, he meets Prashanthi, the daughter of Ajay's senior police officer and soon falls in love with her. She initially rejects his advances, so he pretends to give up. However, he is successful in the undercover operation and arrests Nayak's brother Bunty. After returning to India, he again meets Prashanthi. He tells her father to appreciate what she does and not be so strict. This, to his surprise, makes her reciprocates his feelings. In an attempt to arrest Nayak, Bunty and the police commissioner are killed and Shankar's loyal follower Sivayya reveals to Ajay that Nayak, along with Shankar's rival, Mallesh Gowda, and Shankar's other followers Meka Narsingh Rao, Ambarpet Ganesh, were behind Shankar's accident, so Ajay plots to kill all of them.

When Shankar comes out of the coma, the doctors who treated him advise his family that his life is at risk if he encounters or hears anything upsetting, disturbing, or shocking. Ajay hides the events surrounding the accident and shifts his family to his previously abandoned mansion which is now being used for film-making. Ajay creates a dummy political set-up at this mansion. In the guise of a reality television program, Ajay tricks an aspiring but unsuccessful film actor Padmasri by making him believe that the television show is being sponsored by actor [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Akkineni Nagarjuna's]] television channel and that Nagarjuna wants to offer Padmasri high remuneration for his realistic performance in the show. On the other hand, aspiring actors Bokka Venkata Rao and Mallesh Goud are tricked by Ajay with a real estate business deal to exploit his criminal nexus.

Ajay keeps this drama under wraps from Shankar by making him believe that Ajay is also an MLA revered by people fulfilling his dad's wishes. He marries Prashanthi after gaining her family's consent much to Shankar's delight. Meanwhile, Ajay manages to kill Ganesh and Mallesh without the knowledge of anybody while Shankar believes that they died due to ailments. Nayak reaches Hyderabad to kill Ajay and Ajay's drama is exposed before everybody except Shankar. Meka Narsingh Rao is killed by Nayak while the latter's henchmen are killed by Ajay and others in an encounter. Nayak is later killed in a [[Ramleela]] event. Shankar also learns of Ajay's drama and is happy about the affection his son showed for him.

== Cast ==
{{castlist|
* [[Mahesh Babu]] as ACP G. Ajay Kumar [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] as Prasanthi (Voice dubbed by [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]])
* [[Prakash Raj]] as MLA Shankar Narayana, Ajay's father
* [[Sonu Sood]] as Nayak (Voice dubbed by [[Aziz Naser]])
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Padmasri
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Bokka Venkatrao, Meka Narsing Rao's brother-in-law
* [[Adithya (actor)|Adithya Menon]] as Sivayya, Shankar Narayana's trusted aid.
* [[Sonia Deepti]] as Prasanthi's friend
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as [[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] Murthy, Prasanthi's father
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Minister Meka Narsingh Rao
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Mallesh Goud
* [[Supreeth]] as Ambarpet Ganesh
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Ramachandra, Ajay's uncle
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Tulasi Ram, Ajay's uncle
* [[Ajaz Khan]] as Bunty, Nayak's younger brother
* [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Padma, Prasanthi's mother
* [[Shafi (actor)|Shafi]] as Qadir, Nayak's henchman
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as M. S. Shastry Ramanujam [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]<ref name="NIEX">{{Cite news |last=Yellapantula |first=Suhas |date=19 March 2015 |title='College Helped Shape Me' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2015/Mar/23/college-helped-shape-me-731970.html |access-date=8 March 2024 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as [[Commissioner of Police|Commissioner]] Ramprasad
* [[Nagendra Babu|Naga Babu]] as [[Commissioner of Police|Commissioner]] Suryaprakash
* [[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as "Cool" Babu
* [[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Ravi Prakash [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Vinaya Prasad]] as Lakshmi, Tulasi Ram's wife
* [[Satya Krishnan]] as Radha, Ajay's elder cousin's sister
* [[Rajiv Kanakala]] as Sathyam, Shankar Narayana's brother
* [[Subbaraju]] as Dinesh Goud, Mallesh Goud's elder son
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Prakash Goud, Mallesh Goud's younger son
* [[Brahmaji]] as Prakasam, Junior Artist supplier
* [[Siva Reddy]] as [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Siva Reddy/Kaki Janaki 'Kaja'
* Surekha Vani as Mithra, Ajay's mother
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Director Srinivas
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Narendra [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Nayak's henchman and Ajay's colleague who gives information to Nayak (Mole in Department)
* [[Master Bharath]] as Muddu Krishna, Meka Narsing Rao's son
* Sanjay Swaroop as Dr. Rajendran, Shankar's doctor
* [[Sudha (Telugu actress)|Sudha]] as Janaki, Ajay's Aunt
* Shravan Raghavendra as Shravan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as Rangarao
* [[Prudhvi Raj]] as Dummy Dr. Chanti
* [[Pradeep Kabra]] as Raju, Nayak's henchman
* [[Shriya Sharma]] as Sushanti, Prashanti's sister
* [[Bharath Raju]] as Sunny
* [[Parvati Melton]] as an [[Item number]] in the song "Poovai Poovai"
* [[Meenakshi Dixit]] in the song "Nee Dookudu"
}}

== Production ==
=== Development and casting ===
Ram Achanta, Gopi Achanta and Anil Sunkara under the banner 14 Reels Entertainment agreed to bankroll a film directed by [[Srinu Vaitla]] starring [[Mahesh Babu]] in the lead role after completing their debut venture ''[[Namo Venkatesa]]'' (2010). Regarding the same, Vaitla said that it would be a romance action film and a majority would be shot in North India using a [[Super 35]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2009 |title=Mahesh movie in Seenu Vytla direction |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/mahesh-seenuvytla.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226131112/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/mahesh-seenuvytla.html |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> Vaitla worked on the script for more than a year and shelved it temporarily for further modification as he felt it became monotonous and resembles his previous work.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chowdary |first=Y. Sunitha |date=19 June 2011 |title=Customised for the audience |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/customised-for-the-audience/article2116625.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226131149/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/customised-for-the-audience/article2116625.ece |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Prasad Murella]] was selected as the cinematographer who walked out after having an argument on the film's sets with Vaitla because of differences. [[K. V. Guhan]] was selected to finish the remaining part.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2011 |title=Dookudu: Mahesh brings in Guhan |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-mahesh-brings-in-guhan-news-news-lg1pU3ahicasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226131643/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-mahesh-brings-in-guhan-news-news-lg1pU3ahicasi.html |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Regarding the same, Vaitla said "I had made family dramas with Prasad before but in Dookudu, the demand increased from my side and we couldn't get in sync with each other. I liked the photography in ''[[Athadu]]'' done by Guhan. We gelled and he has done a fantastic job."<ref name="Rediff int">{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=4 October 2011 |title=I knew Dookudu would be a blockbuster |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-director-seenu-vaitla-on-dookudu/20111004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227074407/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-director-seenu-vaitla-on-dookudu/20111004.htm |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

[[Sonu Sood]] was cast as the antagonist.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=4 April 2014 |title=Sreenu Vaitla goes gaga over Sonu Sood |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Sreenu-Vaitla-goes-gaga-over-Sonu-Sood/articleshow/33237260.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226132424/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Sreenu-Vaitla-goes-gaga-over-Sonu-Sood/articleshow/33237260.cms |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Gopimohan denied the latter's inclusion as a rumour while the former's inclusion remained unconfirmed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jyoti |first=Krishna |date=31 August 2011 |title=No dubbing for Mahesh Babu in 'Dookudu' |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article309623.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231171639/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article309623.ece |archive-date=31 December 2014 |access-date=31 December 2014 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[Parvati Melton]] was selected for an [[item number]].<ref name="Parvati sify">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2011 |title=Parvathi Melton in Dookudu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/parvathi-melton-in-dookudu-news-news-ljiknvdjhdjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226132726/http://www.sify.com/movies/parvathi-melton-in-dookudu-news-news-ljiknvdjhdjsi.html |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Regarding the limited role of Samantha, Vaitla clarified that a lot depended on the film's subject and it was done mainly to develop the chemistry between the lead pair.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravikiran |first=G. |date=16 October 2011 |title=All-round entertainment is the key |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/allround-entertainment-is-the-key/article2541444.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226132837/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/allround-entertainment-is-the-key/article2541444.ece |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
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The second schedule was conducted in [[Dubai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2010 |title=Mahesh Babu's Dookudu progressing briskly |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mahesh-babu-s-dookudu-progressing-briskly-news-tollywood-klprNxefhifsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226144611/http://www.sify.com/movies/mahesh-babu-s-dookudu-progressing-briskly-news-tollywood-klprNxefhifsi.html |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

Filming continued in [[Gujarat]] where a song on Babu and Samantha was shot at the [[Little Rann of Kutch]]. On its completion on 11 February 2011, the next schedule was planned to be shot in Hyderabad from 15 February 2011 to 3 March 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Tanvi |date=16 March 2013 |title=Filmmakers are eyeing Gujarat as a hotspot |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Filmmakers-are-eyeing-Gujarat-as-a-hotspot/articleshow/18987557.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226145119/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Filmmakers-are-eyeing-Gujarat-as-a-hotspot/articleshow/18987557.cms |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Some scenes were shot in a central jail set erected in Ramoji Film City with which the Hyderabad schedule was completed in mid May 2011. Some comedy and action scenes were shot in the set which was earlier erected for ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]'' (2007), Old City and other areas apart from Ramoji Film City.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2011 |title=Dhookudu wraps up shooting in RFC |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Dhookudu-wraps-up-shooting-in-RFC/articleshow/8216069.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226171217/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Dhookudu-wraps-up-shooting-in-RFC/articleshow/8216069.cms |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A long schedule was shot in Switzerland later and Babu stayed back for taking rest on the schedule's completion and returned on 30 May 2011 to participate in the shoot from the next day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 May 2011 |title=Mahesh Babu takes a break in Switzerland |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Mahesh-Babu-takes-a-break-in-Switzerland/articleshow/8602480.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226171315/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Mahesh-Babu-takes-a-break-in-Switzerland/articleshow/8602480.cms |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Due to unforeseen circumstances, the film's shoot was delayed multiple times and by late June 2011, 40 days of shoot was pending.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2011 |title=Dookudu not in August |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-not-in-august-news-news-lg2qq6bbbidsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226171336/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-not-in-august-news-news-lg2qq6bbbidsi.html |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=26 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The filming came to an end in September 2011.<ref name="Parvati sify" />

== Themes and influences ==
Many critics have stated that the film's story is inspired by the German [[tragicomedy]] ''[[Good Bye, Lenin!]]'' (2003). Regarding the same, Vaitla said "I saw ''Good Bye, Lenin!'' when the scripting of ''Dookudu'' was 50 per cent complete. It was a coincidence. I had the idea of showing Mahesh in a new way as a young [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]. I also had the idea of the father. Then, [[Gopimohan]] came in, and we worked on the script for seven months. It's a multi-layered film and writing the screenplay for it was tough." He added that the idea of how lies are told and you get people to believe them was already shown in his earlier film ''[[Ready (2008 film)|Ready]]'' (2008). He chose a father-son relationship in the film as he wanted to show the emotions between them. Apart from that, Vaitla was inspired by other small things from ''Good Bye, Lenin!''. One such inspired sequence is where the protagonist and his team create fake news broadcasts and newspapers for showing them to his father to make the drama believable which includes making [[N. T. Rama Rao]] the Prime minister of India in 2011. And, the scene where the protagonist lies to his father about few things without knowing that the latter is aware of the drama is inspired from the climax of ''Good Bye, Lenin!''.<ref name="m.rediff.com" />

A reviewer from ''[[Sify]]'' felt that some of the scenes and characters are inspired by Babu's previous films ''[[Athadu]]'' (2005) and ''[[Pokiri]]'' (2006) apart from the Hindi ''[[Patiala House (film)|Patiala House]]'' (2011).<ref name="Sify Review" /> In one of the comedy scenes, M. S. Narayana is seen performing spoofs of ''[[Yamadonga]]'' (2007), ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009), ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' (2010) and ''[[Enthiran]]'' (2010).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=3 August 2014 |title=The spoof specialist |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140803/entertainment-tollywood/article/spoof-specialist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227075044/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140803/entertainment-tollywood/article/spoof-specialist |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> According to K. Moti Gokulsing and Wimal Dissanayake, authors of the book ''Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas'', the parodies too received positive response.{{Sfn|Gokulsing|Dissanayake|2013|page=263}}

== Music ==
{{Main|Dookudu (soundtrack)}}
[[Thaman S]] composed the soundtrack which consists of six songs. Viswa and Bhaskarabhatla penned lyrics of one song each while [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] penned lyrics for the remaining songs. The film's soundtrack, marketed by [[Aditya Music]], was unveiled by hosting a promotional event at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] on 19 August 2011.{{cn|date=October 2024}} The soundtrack was successful in its collections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2011 |title='Tremendous response for Dookudu's music' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tremendous-response-for-dookudu-s-music-news-news-lixjSPaagjasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227072612/http://www.sify.com/movies/tremendous-response-for-dookudu-s-music-news-news-lixjSPaagjasi.html |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The teaser poster featuring Babu along with a teaser trailer was unveiled on 31 May 2011 on the birthday eve of Babu's father, actor [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna Ghattamaneni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2011 |title=First Look: Dookudu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/first-look-dookudu-news-news-lf5kSAajcbbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228072617/http://www.sify.com/movies/first-look-dookudu-news-news-lf5kSAajcbbsi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> In an interview to Karthik Pasupulate of ''[[The Times of India]]'', Anil Sunkara said "When the pre-release hype was hitting a fever pitch, we (producers) toured all over the state, meeting fan associations and telling them that it was a family entertainer, and distributing merchandise like stickers, badges and ribbons".<ref name="Dookudu 1 b" />

A thanksgiving tour began in [[Vijayawada]] where Vaitla, Anil and comedian Siva Reddy promoted the film at Hotel Mid City after which they went to [[Eluru]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2011 |title=Dookudu team on thanksgiving tour |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-team-on-thanksgiving-tour/article2522791.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228114644/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-team-on-thanksgiving-tour/article2522791.ece |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> The film's success meet was held at Hotel Novotel in Hyderabad on 11 October 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2011 |title=Dookudu unit celebrates success |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-unit-celebrates-success-news-news-lklqqOgdadisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228112632/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-unit-celebrates-success-news-news-lklqqOgdadisi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Another event was planned at Vijayawada for celebrating the completion of the film's 50-day run.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2011 |title=Dookudu 50 days gala in Vijayawada |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-50-days-gala-in-vijayawada-news-news-lkyohybchcasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228112846/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-50-days-gala-in-vijayawada-news-news-lkyohybchcasi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The event was held at [[Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College]] grounds on 12 November 2011. [[Udaya Bhanu (actress)|Udaya Bhanu]] hosted the event.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 2011 |title=Dookudu stars hog limelight |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-stars-hog-limelight/article2623564.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228113632/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-stars-hog-limelight/article2623564.ece |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Release ==
===Distribution===
The film was announced to be released on 23 September 2011 by the producers in the end of August 2011 after the release of the soundtrack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2011 |title=Record number of prints for Dookudu! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/record-number-of-prints-for-dookudu-news-news-ljck2Whadcbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101348/http://www.sify.com/movies/record-number-of-prints-for-dookudu-news-news-ljck2Whadcbsi.html |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film released in 15 screens in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=M. |first=Suganth |date=8 October 2011 |title=Winning Combo |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Winning-combo/articleshow/10277523.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101528/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Winning-combo/articleshow/10277523.cms |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

====Screening and statistics====
The film released in 1600 screens worldwide and 89 theatres in North America. It was released in 21 countries including Canada, Trinidad, South Africa, Netherlands and Finland making it the first Telugu film to be released there. It became the first Telugu film to be released in 21 cities in North India.<ref name="Dookudu 1 b">{{Cite news |last=Pasupulate |first=Karthik |date=20 November 2011 |title=Dookudu touches the one billion mark |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Dookudu-touches-the-one-billion-mark/articleshow/10793015.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101628/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Dookudu-touches-the-one-billion-mark/articleshow/10793015.cms |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film released in 79 theatres in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jyoti |first=Krishna |date=5 October 2011 |title='Oosaravelli' takes competition to the US |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101628/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article349143.ece |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> It became the first Telugu film to be released in Botswana. The Telugu Association of Botswana screened it in Village Cinema at 10:30 am on 9 October 2011 with each ticket costing 40 pula.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2011 |title=Dookudu is the first film to be screened in Botswana |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/dookudu-botswana.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101625/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/dookudu-botswana.html |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> Apart from them, the film released in countries like Singapore, [[Dubai]], [[Malaysia]], Ireland and United Kingdom while the producers received calls from [[Nairobi]] for the distribution rights.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=6 October 2011 |title=It's Dookudu all the way |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Its-Dookudu-all-the-way/articleshow/10245467.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101723/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Its-Dookudu-all-the-way/articleshow/10245467.cms |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==== Legal issues ====
The film was shot at [[Vikarabad railway station]] on 31 July 2011 after seeking necessary permission to shoot till 5:00 pm with police security. The shoot was called off because of rain and Babu left the premises at 4:30 pm. Shortly, seven [[Telangana Joint Action Committee|Telangana Students JAC]] activists landed at the railway station raising slogans against [[Samaikhyandhra]] supporters. On seeing them, the crew started preparing to vacate the spot. While they were leaving, the activists started pelting stones at them. Police later dispersed the mob and production manager Rambabu and Ramesh filed a complaint against them.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2011 |title=Movie crew attacked |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Movie-crew-attacked/articleshow/9436084.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229022840/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Movie-crew-attacked/articleshow/9436084.cms |archive-date=29 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The activists disrupted the screening of the film in six theatres in [[Ranga Reddy district]] and accused the unit members for registering false cases against them during the film's shoot at a railway station. They entered theatres at Vikarabad, Parigi, Tandoor, Chevella and Shamshabad and asked the managements not to screen the film but were dispersed by the police. Later Rambabu and Ramesh met them and assured them that the cases would be withdrawn immediately.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2011 |title='Dookudu' screening disrupted |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-screening-disrupted/article2480948.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229023619/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-screening-disrupted/article2480948.ece |archive-date=29 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Police protection was given to the theatres screening the film in Hyderabad while the screening was much delayed in many centres in Telangana. The shows began from 6:00 am in all other regions, particularly in the [[Telangana|ceded area]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2011 |title=Hurdles for Dookudu in Telangana |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/hurdles-for-dookudu-in-telangana-news-news-ljxq0Bddhgcsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229024215/http://www.sify.com/movies/hurdles-for-dookudu-in-telangana-news-news-ljxq0Bddhgcsi.html |archive-date=29 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
Illegally copied versions of the film's DVDs were seized by the Vijayawada city police on 11 October 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2011 |title=Pirated DVDs seized in raids |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/pirated-dvds-seized-in-raids/article2527578.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229021335/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/pirated-dvds-seized-in-raids/article2527578.ece |archive-date=29 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> FICUS Inc., released the overseas DVD on 16 March 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2012 |title=Description — Dookudu Telugu DVD |url=http://www.njmtv.com/dookudu_dookudu-telugu-dvd_mahesh-babu,samantha,kota-srinivasa-rao,vennela-kishore,prakash-raj,sonu-sood-5944.html#link5944 |access-date=28 December 2014 |publisher=Amazon.com}}</ref> The film is also available on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated it 4 out of 5 and wrote "''Dookudu'' is a typical Srinu Vytla film with a generous sprinkling of comedy. His narrative manages to keep the audience engaged until the end of the movie. This movie comes as a blessing for not just Mahesh Babu, but also for Tollywood, which is badly in need of a hit, after the recent spate of box office debacles. Srinu Vytla and Mahesh Babu have come out with a winner in ''Dookudu''".<ref name="TOI Review">{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=24 September 2011 |title=Dookudu movie review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Dookudu/movie-review/10093005.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227072651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Dookudu/movie-review/10093005.cms |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> ''Sify'' called the film "entertaining" and wrote "Despite the drawbacks, ''Dookudu'' holds the power to lure the crowds, with its commercial values. It is a bonanza to Mahesh Babu's fans and it will not disappoint the family crowds either."<ref name="Sify Review">{{Cite web |date=24 September 2011 |title=Dookudu review: A bonanza to Mahesh fans |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-review-a-bonanza-to-mahesh-fans-review-telugu-14979725.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227072825/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-review-a-bonanza-to-mahesh-fans-review-telugu-14979725.html |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Indo-Asian News Service|''IANS'']] rated it 3.5 out of 5 and stated "''Dookudu'' is a treat for Mahesh's fans. But others can also enjoy this film for its comedy elements and Mahesh's powerful presence."<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2011 |title=Telugu Review: 'Dookudu' an out and out Mahesh Babu film |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-dookudu-is-a-mahesh-babu-film/187437-8-69.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227123502/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-review-dookudu-is-a-mahesh-babu-film/187437-8-69.html |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |publisher=IBN Live |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 3. 5 out of 5 and wrote, "Mahesh Babu delivers an universally acceptable entertainer in the form of Dookudu after a gap of five years. Go and watch it".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-dookudu.html|title=Telugu Movie review - Dookudu|date=23 September 2011|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref>

In contrast, B. V. S. Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote "Although, it is a tale of an honest cop who is on the trail of a dreaded don, director Sinu Vaitla relies on a band of comedians like Brahmanandam and M.S. Narayana to sustain audience interests, before his protagonist accomplishes his mission. Audiences have to leave behind their thinking caps at home to enjoy this comic-caper since the screenplay has few gaping holes and is repetitive as well."<ref>{{Cite news |last=B. V. S. |first=Prakash |title=Dhookudu review: Mahesh Babu goes overboard to make his fans happy | Deccan Chronicle |date=24 September 2011 |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/tollywood/dhookudu-review-mahesh-babu-goes-overboard-make-his-fans-happy-973 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029092641/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/tollywood/dhookudu-review-mahesh-babu-goes-overboard-make-his-fans-happy-973 |archive-date=29 October 2011 |access-date=27 December 2014 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Pavithra Srinivasan of ''[[Rediff]]'' gave it 2.5 out of 5 and criticised the film's screenplay and logic-defying sequences, but praised Babu's performance, calling his role a "cakewalk" and recommending the film for his fans in particular.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=26 September 2011 |title=Review: Dookudu is Mahesh Babu's show all the way |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-dookudu/20110923.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227124010/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-dookudu/20110923.htm |archive-date=27 December 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Dookudu'' crossed the $1 million mark in the United States and grossed {{INR}}1.5 crore in two days, in United Kingdom, Australia, Dubai and Canada.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 September 2011 |title=Dookudu crosses million dollar mark in USA in two days erasing all the records |url=http://idlebrain.com/trade/dookudu-milliondollarsusa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228070145/http://idlebrain.com/trade/dookudu-milliondollarsusa.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 September 2011 |title=Dookudu rocks at box office |url=http://www.sify.com/news/dookudu-rocks-at-box-office-news-entertainment-lj3rxqfcchesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228120350/http://www.sify.com/news/dookudu-rocks-at-box-office-news-entertainment-lj3rxqfcchesi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film's three-day worldwide total became {{INR}}21.22 crore and in three days, the film surpassed the records set by ''[[Magadheera]]'' and ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' in terms of first weekend collections.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 September 2011 |title='Dookudu' smashes box office records |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-smashes-box-office-records/article2488619.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228115526/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/dookudu-smashes-box-office-records/article2488619.ece |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

By the end of its second week, ''Dookudu'' grossed {{INR}}70 crore at the worldwide box office.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2011 |title=Dookudu collects 70 crores gross in 2nd Week |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/dookudu2ndweekcollections.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228070505/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/dookudu2ndweekcollections.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 October 2011 |title=Dookudu collections cross Rs 70 Crore |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-collections-cross-rs-70-crore-news-news-lkioX6fcjcdsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228115854/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-collections-cross-rs-70-crore-news-news-lkioX6fcjcdsi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=12 October 2011 |title=Dookudu, a storming success |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-dookudu-a-storming-success/20111012.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228070506/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-dookudu-a-storming-success/20111012.htm |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> The film grossed roughly {{INR}}112 crore by the end of its lifetime run at the worldwide Box office. The film completed 50 days in 312 centres and 100 days in 63 centres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2011 |title=Dookudu completes 50 days |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-completes-50-days-news-news-lllnXTiigbasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228115703/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-completes-50-days-news-news-lllnXTiigbasi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Awards and nominations ===
{{Main|List of accolades received by Dookudu}}

== Legacy ==
''Dookudu'' became one of the biggest hits in the history of Telugu cinema and was the biggest hit in Babu's career by the end of its lifetime run.{{Sfn|Gokulsing|Dissanayake|2013|page=263}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=A. S. |first=Sasidhar |date=26 August 2012 |title=Mahesh Babu's Dookudu releasing in Malayalam |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Mahesh-Babus-Dookudu-releasing-in-Malayalam/articleshow/15744173.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228125153/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Mahesh-Babus-Dookudu-releasing-in-Malayalam/articleshow/15744173.cms |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamoorthy |first=Suresh |date=9 December 2011 |title=A year of 'hits' and 'misses' for Telugu films |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/a-year-of-hits-and-misses-for-telugu-films/article2750924.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228131918/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/a-year-of-hits-and-misses-for-telugu-films/article2750924.ece |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> The film ended the five-year career slump of Babu and marked his image makeover.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=12 January 2015 |title=Tollywood heroes defy BO success |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-heroes-defy-BO-success/articleshow/45842841.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112062508/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-heroes-defy-BO-success/articleshow/45842841.cms |archive-date=12 January 2015 |access-date=12 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' called it one of the top ten must watch Telugu films of 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhat |first=Prashanth |date=3 January 2011 |title=Telugu movies in 2011! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Telugu-movies-in-2011/articleshow/7205411.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228133838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Telugu-movies-in-2011/articleshow/7205411.cms |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote a special article about Babu and the film's massive collections in United States and called the film "The biggest hit you've never heard of".<ref name="Dookudu LA Times">{{Cite news |date=29 September 2011 |title='Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228130035/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2011 |title=Mahesh Babu on report in LA Times |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/mahesh-babu-on-report-in-la-times-news-news-lj3oS5dbhjjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228125747/http://www.sify.com/movies/mahesh-babu-on-report-in-la-times-news-news-lj3oS5dbhjjsi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> After the film's gross crossed {{INR}}1 billion, Income Tax Department officials conducted a raid on the Jubilee Hills residence of Babu as he was rumoured to get a remuneration of more than {{INR}}120 million for his next projects.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2011 |title=IT raids on Mahesh Babu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/it-raids-on-mahesh-babu-news-news-lmjqaqiehebsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228131635/http://www.sify.com/movies/it-raids-on-mahesh-babu-news-news-lmjqaqiehebsi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The film's success made Samantha one of the most sought heroines in Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2012 |title=Samantha is back in Kollywood |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-is-back-in-kollywood-news-tamil-mcwiLdffgbcsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228125421/http://www.sify.com/movies/samantha-is-back-in-kollywood-news-tamil-mcwiLdffgbcsi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Melton received more offers for performing item numbers post the film's release.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2011 |title=Parvathi Melton in demand |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/parvathi-melton-in-demand-news-news-lmfmjCfieadsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228131333/http://www.sify.com/movies/parvathi-melton-in-demand-news-news-lmfmjCfieadsi.html |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Vaitla's next film with Babu namely ''[[Aagadu]]'' (2014), which too was produced by 14 Reels Entertainment and had the same technical crew of this film, was a failure at the box office. ''[[The Hindu]]'' cited similarities with ''Dookudu'' as one of the reasons of the film's failure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Devulapalli |first=Rahul |date=26 September 2014 |title=What went wrong? |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/many-advantages-in-doing-a-villain-role/article6446681.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228133438/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/many-advantages-in-doing-a-villain-role/article6446681.ece |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Other versions ==
''Dookudu'' was dubbed and released by 14 Reels Entertainment into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] entitled ''Athiradi Vettai and [[Malayalam]] entitled Choodan'' in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2013 |title=Dookudu dubbed as Athiradhi Vettai in Tamil |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Dookudu-dubbed-as-Athiradhi-Vettai-in-Tamil/articleshow/19086528.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228095311/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Dookudu-dubbed-as-Athiradhi-Vettai-in-Tamil/articleshow/19086528.cms |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film was also dubbed into [[Hindi]] as ''The Real Tiger'' in 2012<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2014 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar hangs out with Mahesh Babu |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Puneeth-Rajkumar-hangs-out-with-Mahesh-Babu/articleshow/37514829.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228100007/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Puneeth-Rajkumar-hangs-out-with-Mahesh-Babu/articleshow/37514829.cms |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> and into [[Odia language|Odia]] under the same title as the original Telugu version sometime in 2018 at the earliest, plus Kannada as ''Police Power'' in 2021, despite the existence of a remake in that language. The film was remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Power (2014 Kannada film)|Power]]'' (2014) and in Bengali as ''[[Challenge 2]]'' (2012).

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Gokulsing |first1=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwGgF-rDucEC |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |last2=Dissanayake |first2=Wimal |author-link2=Wimal Dissanayake |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-67774-5}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=1756476}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film}}
{{Filmfare Best Telugu Film}}
{{Srinu Vaitla}}
{{SIMMA Award for Best Film - Telugu}}
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2011 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:2011 masala films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srinu Vaitla]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:2010s police procedural films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kona Venkat]]
[[Category:Films set in Turkey]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:2011 comedy films]]
[[Category:2011 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Indian neo-noir films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Films about criminals]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]

Inland Vessels Act, 1917

2026-03-25T19:01:17Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Inland Vessels (Amendment) Act, 2007
| legislature = [[Parliament of India]]
| long_title = An Act further to amend the Inland Vessels Act, 1917.
| citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/repealedfileopen?rfilename=A2007-35.pdf No. 35 of 2007]
| enacted_by = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| date_passed = 22 August 2007
| considered_by2 = [[Lok Sabha]]
| date_passed2 = 30 August 2007
| date_assented = 17 September 2007
| date_commenced = 21 February 2008
| bill_history_url = https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-inland-vessels-amendment-bill-2005
| bill = Inland Vessels (Amendment) Bill, 2005
| bill_citation = [https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_parliament/2005/1167470124_The_Inland_Vessels_A_Bill_05.pdf Bill No. CXXVI of 2005]
| introduced_by = [[T. R. Baalu]], Minister of Shipping, Road Transport & Highways
| date_introduced = 8 December 2005
| committee_whole_label = Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture
| committee_whole = 13 December 2005–21 March 2006
| passed = 22 August 2007
| passed2 = 30 August 2007
| amends = Inland Vessels Act, 1917 (1 of 1917)
| repealed_by = [[Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2015]] (19 of 2015)
| status = repealed
}}

The '''Inland Vessels (Amendment) Act, 2007''' is an [[Act of Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of India]] enacted to facilitate the extension and usage of inland waterways by vessels. It is an amendment to the original Inland Vessels Act, 1917.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/House-clears-Inland-Vessels-Bill/213563/|title=House clears Inland Vessels Bill|date=30 August 2007|publisher=Indian Express}}</ref> The Act came into force on 21 February 2008.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Inland water traffic amounts to only 0.17% of total inland traffic in India. The act addresses the extension of inland water limits, facilitating safety of vessels by dividing the inland water area into three zones based on maximum significant wave height criteria, employment of manpower from [[Indian Army|Army]], [[Indian Navy|Navy]] and [[Indian Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] in this sector, controlling [[pollution]] and regulating the insurance regime on par with motor vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/07/stories/2005100703140900.htm|title=Cabinet nod for amendments to Inland Vessels Act|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=April 18, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/biz/2006/02/20/stories/2006022000411500.htm|title=Inland water transport awaits a big push|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=April 18, 2012|archive-date=21 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221223405/http://www.hindu.com/biz/2006/02/20/stories/2006022000411500.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{India-law-stub}}

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 2007]]
[[Category:Water transport in India]]
[[Category:2007 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)]]
[[Category:Repealed Acts of the Parliament of India]]

Yogita Bihani

2026-03-24T00:47:31Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating new post w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Yogita Bihani
| image = Yogita Bihani.jpeg
| caption = Bihani in 2019
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1995|8|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| awards =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2017–present
| partner = Aaryamann Sethi (2025–present)
}}

'''Yogita Bihani''' (born 7 August 1995) is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Hindi]] films. Bihani made her acting debut with the soap opera ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]'' (2018–2020).<ref name="DHTH">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yogita-bihani-will-play-the-lead-in-dil-hi-to-hain/articleshow/64124422.cms|title=Yogita Bihani selected to play the lead role in Ekta Kapoor's Dil Hi Toh Hai|last=|first=|date=15 May 2018|website=Times of India|access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref> She expanded to films with ''[[AK vs AK]]'' (2020) and then starred in ''[[The Kerala Story]]'' (2023), which is her highest grossing release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikram Vedha's Yogita Bihani: Glam-Chic |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/vikram-vedhas-yogita-bihani-glam-chic/20220921.htm |date=21 September 2022 |website=Rediff }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bihani was born on 7 August 1995 in [[Bikaner]], into a [[Maheshwari]] Marwari [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] family of 5 siblings and was raised in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kerala Story review: A juvenile cringefest suited best for 'Karela' audience |url=https://thefederal.com/entertainment/the-kerala-story-review-a-juvenile-cringefest-suited-best-for-karela-audience/?infinitescroll=1 |date=5 May 2023 |website=thefederal.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Bikaner girl Yogita Bihani is on a high |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/why-bikaner-girl-yogita-bihani-is-on-a-high/articleshow/64540942.cms |date=11 June 2018 |website=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Returning to any of the cities in Rajasthan feels like coming back home: Yogita Bihani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/returning-to-any-of-the-cities-in-rajasthan-feels-like-coming-back-home-yogita-bihani/articleshow/102604422.cms?from=mdr |date=10 August 2023 |website=The Times of India }}</ref> She completed her graduation from [[Delhi University]] in [[Bachelor of Science|Computer Science]]. After completing her graduation from Delhi, she joined Redfoodie Startup in [[Faridabad]], Delhi NCR and worked there till 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/yogita-bihanis-idea-of-perfect-day-out/1305647|title=Yogita Bihani on her early life and education|last=|first=|date=|website=Free Press Journal|access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bihani's career in glamour world began in 2018 when she participated and was selected amongst Top 3 contestants in ''Femina Miss India Rajasthan 2018''.

However her biggest break came in April 2018 when she was selected to shoot for the promo with [[Salman Khan]] for his upcoming gameshow ''[[Dus Ka Dum]]'' on [[Set india|Sony TV]].<ref name="dkd">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/salman-khans-magic-worked-for-me-yogita-bihani-on-bagging-a-role-in-dil-hi-toh-hai/articleshow/64385814.cms|title=Yogita Bihani on shooting with Salman Khan|last=|first=|date=30 May 2018|website=Times of India|access-date=30 June 2018}}</ref>

After the promo went on air, she was spotted by [[Ekta Kapoor]] an Indian film and television producer who later selected her to play the lead role opposite [[Karan Kundra]] in her next show ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yogita-bihani-will-play-the-lead-in-dil-hi-to-hain/articleshow/64124422.cms|title=Yogita Bihani will play the lead in 'Dil Hi To Hain' - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=15 May 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref>

She talked about her life challenges and how her choices shaped her career in her [[TED (conference)#TEDx|TEDx]] talk titled 'The Crossroad of Choices' in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/yogita_bihani_the_crossroad_of_choices|title=The Crossroad of Choices|website=TEDxTCET|language=en|date=November 2020}}</ref>

Bihani in ''[[The Kerala Story]]'' played the role of Nimah Mathews, a strong and difficult-to-influence individual to a woman in despair, after suffering a heinous incident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kerala Story Exclusive! Yogita Bihani Overwhelmed With Response To The Film: I Wanted To Do My Part... |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/the-kerala-story-exclusive-yogita-bihani-overwhelmed-with-response-to-the-film-i-wanted-to-do-my-part-bollywood-news-entertainment-news-article-100028983 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Bihani is in a relationship with singer-songwriter and YouTuber Aaryamann Sethi, who performs under the stage name "Aary". Sethi is the son of actors [[Archana Puran Singh]] and [[Parmeet Sethi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yogita Bihani on her relationship with Aaryamann Sethi: I wasn't expecting it to come out in the open so soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/yogita-bihani-on-her-relationship-with-aaryamann-sethi-i-wasn-t-expecting-it-to-come-out-in-the-open-so-soon-101752562164441.html |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archana Puran Singh's son Aaryamann hard-launches girlfriend, Kerala Story actor Yogita Bihani |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/archana-puran-singhs-son-aaryamann-hard-launches-girlfriend-kerala-story-actor-yogita-bihani-10127068/ |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

The couple's relationship was publicly announced in July 2025 when Sethi revealed it through his YouTube channel "Aary Vlogs" in a video titled "I SURPRISED MY GIRLFRIEND! - DAY 7".<ref>{{Cite web |title=I SURPRISED MY GIRLFRIEND! - DAY 7 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoID |website=YouTube |publisher=Aary Vlogs |date=July 2025 |access-date=16 July 2025}}</ref> Bihani has since made regular appearances on Sethi's YouTube channel and they have collaborated professionally, with her featuring in his music videos "Chhoti Baatein" and "Madhubala" in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archana Puran Singh and Parmeet Sethi meet son Aaryamann's girlfriend Yogita Bihani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/archana-puran-singh-and-parmeet-sethi-meet-son-aaryamanns-girlfriend-yogita-bihani-say-pyaar-dosti-hai/articleshow/122948285.cms |website=Times of India |date=28 July 2025 |access-date=28 July 2025}}</ref>

In August 2025, the couple got engaged. Aaryamann proposed with the keyring of his parents bungalow in a small ceremony shared to their youtube channel.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/archana-puran-singh-cries-happy-tears-as-son-aaryamann-gets-engaged-to-girlfriend-yogita-to-move-in-together-puts-key-ring-of-their-new-house-on-her-finger-10188672/</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| scope="row" | 2020
| ''[[AK vs AK]]''
| Yogita
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|date=2020-12-23|title=AK vs AK on Netflix Is A Worthy Experiment|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bollywood-review/ak-vs-ak-review-netflix-a-worthy-experiment-anil-kapoor-anurag-kashyap-vikramaditya-motwane-anupama-chopra/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''Date Aaj Kal''
| Tara
| Short film
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''
| Chanda
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikram Vedha fame Yogita Bihani gushes, 'I love Vijay Sethupathi, he is such a brilliant actor' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/vikram-vedha-fame-yogita-bihani-gushes-i-love-vijay-sethupathi-he-is-such-a-brilliant-actor |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[The Kerala Story]]''
| Nimah Mathews
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yogita Bihani reacts to The Kerala Story being called a propaganda film, cancellations of shows in UK {{!}}Exclusive |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/yogita-bihani-reacts-to-the-kerala-story-being-called-a-propaganda-film-cancellations-of-shows-in-uk-exclusive-2379421-2023-05-15 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=India Today |date=15 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Vadh 2]]''
| Naina Kumari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2026 |last=Bhat |first=Mumtaz |title=Sanjay Mishra and Neena Gupta lead gritty quest for justice in 'Vadh 2' |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/sanjay-mishra-and-neena-gupta-lead-gritty-quest-for-justice-in-vadh-2-1042863 |website=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=27 January 2026}}</ref>
|}

=== Short films ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| scope="row" | 2024
| ''Friends''
|
| Directed by Atul Mongia; Also writer
| <ref>{{Cite web|title=Friends - Short Film|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2T3uYJ-l70|website=YouTube|publisher=The Artist Collective Films}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| scope="row" | 2017
| ''Femme Foodies''
| rowspan="2"| Contestant
|
|
|-
| scope="row" | 2018
| ''[[10 Ka Dum]]''
|
| <ref name="dkd"/>
|-
| scope="row" | 2018–2020
| ''[[Dil Hi Toh Hai]]''
| Dr. Palak Sharma Noon
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/dil-hi-toh-hai-lead-actor-yogita-bihani-karan-kundra-5212848/|title=Dil Hi Toh Hai actor Yogita Bihani: From watching Karan Kundra's show to now playing his heroine, I am living my dreams|date=2018-06-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/yogita-bihani-talks-about-challenges-of-playing-young-mother/20443182|title=Yogita Bihani talks about challenges of playing young mother|date=2019-02-20|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 2019
| ''[[Kavach... Maha Shivratri]]''
| Manju Patwardhan
|
|
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023
| ''Alone''
| [[Kapil Sharma]], [[Guru Randhawa]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Alone: Kapil Sharma suffers a heartbreak in first single with Guru Randhawa. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/alone-kapil-sharma-suffers-a-heartbreak-in-first-single-with-guru-randhawa-101675924524980.html |access-date= |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ishq Ka Asar''
| [[Stebin Ben]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2025
|''Chhoti Baatein''
| Aaryamann Sethi
|<ref>{{YouTube |Bdd6-23ZpdQ |Chhoti Baatein — Aary (Official Music Video)}}</ref>
|-
|''Madhubala''
| Aaryamann Sethi
|<ref>{{YouTube |frlG5XBxJeQ |Madhubala — Aary (Official Music Video)}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|nm9891874}}
* {{Instagram|iyogitabihani}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bihani, Yogita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:People from Bikaner]]
[[Category:Actresses from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Actresses from Delhi]]
[[Category:Marwari people]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Vaathi

2026-03-17T22:04:19Z

NydiaSilverman2: further expand information for consistency and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|2023 film by Venky Atluri}}
{{pp-move-dispute|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vaathi film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Venky Atluri]]
| writer = Venky Atluri
| producer = Naga Vamsi
| starring = {{Ubl|[[Dhanush]]|[[Samyuktha (actress)|Samyuktha]]}}
| cinematography = J. Yuvaraj
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| studio = {{Ubl|[[S. Radha Krishna|Sithara Entertainments]]|Fortune Four Cinemas|Srikara Studios}}
| distributor = {{Ubl
| [[PVP Cinema]]
| [[Seven Screen Studio]]
| [[Sony Pictures]]
| Skanda Cinemass
| Einstin Media
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|02|17}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = {{Ubl|Tamil|Telugu}}
| budget =  {{INR}}65 crore
| gross = {{Estimated}} {{INR}}105 crore{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}
}}

'''''Vaathi''''' ({{Translation|Teacher}}) is a 2023 Indian [[period film|period]] [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[Venky Atluri]] and produced by Naga Vamsi. The film was simultaneously shot in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages, with the former version titled '''''Sir'''''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2021 |title=Dhanush's bilingual film titled 'Vaathi' in Tamil, 'Sir' in Telugu |url=https://telanganatoday.com/dhanushs-bilingual-film-titled-vaathi-in-tamil-sir-in-telugu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107103730/https://telanganatoday.com/dhanushs-bilingual-film-titled-vaathi-in-tamil-sir-in-telugu |archive-date=7 January 2022 |access-date=7 January 2022 |work=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 December 2021 |title=Title of Dhanush's upcoming Tamil-Telugu bilingual film is out |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/title-dhanush-s-upcoming-tamil-telugu-bilingual-film-out-159064 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107103309/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/title-dhanush-s-upcoming-tamil-telugu-bilingual-film-out-159064 |archive-date=7 January 2022 |access-date=7 January 2022 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> The film stars [[Dhanush]], who plays the titular role of a school teacher, and [[Samyuktha (actress)|Samyuktha]]. The music was composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] with cinematography by J. Yuvaraj and editing by [[Naveen Nooli]]. The film released on 17 February 2023 to mixed reviews and became one of the [[List of Tamil films of 2023|highest-grossing Tamil films of 2023]], earning {{INR}}105 crore worldwide.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] won the [[National Film Awards]] for [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]].<ref>{{Cite news
|title=71st National Film Awards : GV Prakash bags Best Music Composer for 'Vaathi'
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/vaathi-songs-give-gv-prakash-kumar-another-national-award-parking-bags-best-tamil-film-award/articleshow/123045273.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=1 August 2025
|access-date=2 August 2025
|author=
}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Abhiram and his friends, studying at an educational institute run by Srinivas, are preparing for an engineering entrance examination. They come across an old box of cassette tapes containing mathematics classes with an accompanying receipt in the name of Kumar from [[Cholavaram|Sozhavaram]], from the year 2000. After inquiry, they discover that Kumar is the [[district magistrate]] of [[Kadapa]], and later, Kumar discloses that the man in the video is Balamurugan 'Bala'.

The plot moves back to 1993, when many [[Private school|private educational institutions]] sprang up and the government was finding it difficult to sustain interest in public educational institutions. Five years later, with government colleges shutting down due to a shortage of lecturers, the poor who cannot afford private institutions are left with little access to higher education. Srinivas, the president of the private colleges association, hatches a plan to adopt all the government colleges and send junior lecturers to those colleges, while obtaining support from the government to stop the regularization of fees by the government. Bala is one such lecturer, who is sent to a government junior college in Sozhavaram to teach mathematics. Bala finds that the college is lacking in attendance, and due to this, the college may be shut down soon.

Bala organizes a meeting with all the villagers and their children and explains the necessity of education, thus making the children and parents realize its importance. The students then start to come back to classes with Bala handling additional classes and engaging an ex-student, Muthu, to teach him as well. Meanwhile, Bala falls in love with Meenakshi, the biology teacher at the institution. Bala notices that there are [[caste]] differences among students and comes up with a plan to eliminate it. The final board exams take place, with all the students passing with first class distinction. Srinivas tries to lure Bala away with a lucrative job offer to stop students from moving back to government institutions rather than private institutions. Bala refuses, and Srinivas acts via the education minister to take back the positions offered to lecturers at government junior colleges and recruit new ones, leaving Bala without a job.

Later, Bala takes private classes in an open field in the village, prompting outbursts from Thirupathi, who instigates the villagers to drive him away from the village. Bala fights back but gets arrested and tortured in custody. He is dropped back into the village soon afterward, where the villagers are asked not to help him, indicating that he misused government funds. Bala's ex-students help him get back to his hometown, where he becomes dependent on his father, Narayanan, who works as a driver. After recovering, he takes up tutoring at his home on the insistence of Ansari, his former colleague, after many failed job interviews at private junior colleges. Meenakshi arrives and decides to marry him. They see a young boy who is willing to study but is unable to do so due to poverty. His father is constantly pressuring him to earn money.

Bala gets an idea and records his lectures using cassette tapes and sends them to Bhupathi, Abhiram's grandfather, a photographer in Sozhavaram. Bhupathi runs special shows for students at 6 p.m. every day in a nearby [[Movie theater|theater]], where Bala's lectures are played. To clear doubts and interact with students, Bala visits the village, under the guise of a drama artist, each Sunday. Thirupathi tries to stop the students on the day of the exam. Bala fights them off and the students perform well, clearing the exams with Muthu scoring the first rank and revealing himself as Kumar. Thirupathi offers money to all the students, promising them sponsorship for their further studies on the condition that they endorse his institution. Bala asks the students to agree to it and asks them to help needy students in the future after they climb the socio-economic ladder.

In the present, Kumar continues his story, saying that the theater where they studied is now a coaching center for the underprivileged, developed by the old students, who take turns by teaching each year. While Kumar does not know the current whereabouts of Bala, it is shown that Bala and Meenakshi have opened a school, Ansari School of Knowledge, to provide free education for the underprivileged at [[Ooty]].

In the end, Abhiram and his friends achieved ranks within the Top 100 in the [[Joint Entrance Examination – Main|JEE Mains]] examination, with Abhiram securing the first rank, guided by Kumar, the old students, and Bala's recorded tapes. At their felicitation ceremony, despite being coerced by Thirupathi, Abhi credits Bala for his achievement. In addition, he unveils Bala's tapes publicly, thus exposing Thirupathi.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Dhanush]] as Balamurugan 'Bala' (Tamil Version)/Bala Gangadhar Thilak 'Balu' (Telugu Version)
* [[Samyuktha (actress, born 1995)|Samyuktha]] as Meenakshi
* [[Samuthirakani]] as Srinivas Tirupathi (Tamil Version)/Srinivas Tripathi (Telugu Version)
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Thanigachalam (Tamil Version)/Deekshitulu (Telugu Version)
* [[P. Sai Kumar]] as Muthu Pandian (Tamil Version)/Papa Rao (Telugu Version)
* [[Rajendran]] as Bhupathi (Tamil Version)/Bhushanam (Telugu Version)
* Narra Srinivas as Sudarshan
* Pammi Sai as Subbayya
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Narayanan, Bala's father
* [[Hareesh Peradi]] as Ansari, Bala's teacher
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Education minister
* Thotapalli Madhu as Narayana Swamy
* [[Hyper Aadi]] as Karthik
* [[Shah Ra]] as Prakash
* [[Sumanth]] as A. Muthu Kumar (Tamil Version)/A. S. Murthy (Telugu Version)
** [[Ken Karunas]] as young Muthu/Murthy
* [[Praveena]] as Bala's mother
* Naga Mahesh as [[Inspector]] Suresh
* [[Kalpa Latha]] as Meenakshi's mother
* Sathvik Varma as Abhiram
* Pavish Narayan as Abhiram's friend
* [[Bharathiraja]] as a villager (cameo)
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In late July 2021, it was reported that [[Dhanush]] would collaborate with [[Venky Atluri]] for the latter's next directional before his project with [[Sekhar Kammula]]; the film marks Dhanush foraying into Telugu cinema for the first time. Sithara Entertainments were reported to fund the project.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-28 |title=Dhanush to do a Tamil-Telugu bilingual before Sekhar Kammula movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-to-do-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual-before-sekhar-kammula-movie/articleshow/84815610.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107194346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-to-do-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual-before-sekhar-kammula-movie/articleshow/84815610.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The company made a public announcement on 22 December confirming the project,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-22 |title=Dhanush confirms Tamil-Telugu bilingual with Venky Atluri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-confirms-tamil-telugu-bilingual-with-venky-atluri/articleshow/88433395.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308074139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-confirms-tamil-telugu-bilingual-with-venky-atluri/articleshow/88433395.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=8 March 2023 |access-date=2023-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> while the title ''Vaathi'' and ''Sir'' was announced the day after. Atluri had recruited music composer [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], cinematographer Dinesh Krishnan and editor Navin Nooli.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-23 |title=Dhanush's film with Venky Atluri titled Vaathi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-film-with-venky-atluri-titled-vaathi/articleshow/88445104.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107194306/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-film-with-venky-atluri-titled-vaathi/articleshow/88445104.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Samyuktha (actress, born 1995)|Samyuktha]] was announced as the lead actress the same day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-23 |title=Samyuktha Menon roped in as the leading lady in Dhanush's 'Vaathi' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/samyuktha-menon-ropes-in-as-the-leading-lady-in-dhanushs-vaathi/articleshow/88450615.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107195333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/samyuktha-menon-ropes-in-as-the-leading-lady-in-dhanushs-vaathi/articleshow/88450615.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began on 5 January 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-03 |title=Dhanush, Samyuktha Menon's bilingual film 'Vaathi' to start rolling from January 5, see Pooja pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dhanush-samyuktha-menons-bilingual-film-vaathi-to-start-rolling-from-january-5-see-pooja-pics/articleshow/88666243.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107194901/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dhanush-samyuktha-menons-bilingual-film-vaathi-to-start-rolling-from-january-5-see-pooja-pics/articleshow/88666243.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-07 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The second schedule of the shoot began in April 2022 when Dhanush had joined the sets after he had finished the shoot of ''[[Naane Varuvean]]''. The filming was completed in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2022 |title=Dhanush begins shooting for Vaathi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-begins-shooting-for-vaathi/articleshow/88748729.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111153156/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanush-begins-shooting-for-vaathi/articleshow/88748729.cms |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=7 January 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2022 |title=Dhanush's Tamil-Telugu bilingual starts rolling |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-s-tamil-telugu-bilingual-starts-rolling-159607 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107102408/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-s-tamil-telugu-bilingual-starts-rolling-159607 |archive-date=7 January 2022 |access-date=7 January 2022 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Vaathi (soundtrack)}}
The music of the film is composed by [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]. He won the [[National Film Awards]] for [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]] for Tamil. The first single titled "Vaa Vaathi" in Tamil and "Mastaaru Mastaaru" in Telugu was released on 10 November 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2022 |title='Vaa Vaathi': The first single composed by GV Prakash from Dhanush's 'Vaathi' is here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/vaa-vaathi-the-first-single-composed-by-gv-prakash-from-dhanushs-vaathi-is-here/articleshow/95430223.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202020741/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/vaa-vaathi-the-first-single-composed-by-gv-prakash-from-dhanushs-vaathi-is-here/articleshow/95430223.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=10 November 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title='Mastaaru Mastaaru': First single from Dhanush, Samyuktha Menon's 'SIR' out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/mastaaru-mastaaru-first-single-from-dhanush-samyuktha-menons-sir-out/articleshow/95431809.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218024617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/mastaaru-mastaaru-first-single-from-dhanush-samyuktha-menons-sir-out/articleshow/95431809.cms |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The second single titled "Naadodi Mannan" in Tamil and "Banjara" in Telugu was released on 17 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Nadodi Mannan, the second single from Dhanush's Vaathi is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/17/the-second-single-from-dhanushs-vaathi-is-here-38872.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204154756/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/17/the-second-single-from-dhanushs-vaathi-is-here-38872.html |archive-date=4 February 2023 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Banjara: Second single from Dhanush's Telugu-Tamil bilingual 'SIR' is out now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/banjara-second-single-from-dhanushs-telugu-tamil-bilingual-sir-is-out-now/articleshow/97060163.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218024618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/banjara-second-single-from-dhanushs-telugu-tamil-bilingual-sir-is-out-now/articleshow/97060163.cms |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
The film was scheduled for a theatrical release on 2 December 2022 in Tamil and Telugu, but was postponed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2022 |title=Dhanush's Vaathi to release in theatres on December 2. See new poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-s-vaathi-to-release-in-theatres-on-december-2-see-new-poster-2001924-2022-09-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919063148/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-s-vaathi-to-release-in-theatres-on-december-2-see-new-poster-2001924-2022-09-19 |archive-date=19 September 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2022 |title=Dhanush starrer Telugu-Tamil bilingual Sir to release in December |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/dhanush-starrer-telugu-tamil-bilingual-sir-release-december/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920083521/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/dhanush-starrer-telugu-tamil-bilingual-sir-release-december/ |archive-date=20 September 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> In November 2022, it was announced that the film will release on 17 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2022 |title=GV Prakash unveils new posters of Dhanush's Vaathi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/gv-prakash-unveils-new-posters-of-dhanush-movie-vaathi-8274471/#:~:text=Dhanush%20will%20be%20starting%202023,screens%20on%20February%2017%2C%202023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117135745/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/gv-prakash-unveils-new-posters-of-dhanush-movie-vaathi-8274471/#:~:text=Dhanush%20will%20be%20starting%202023,screens%20on%20February%2017%2C%202023 |archive-date=17 November 2022 | website=The Indian Express}}</ref> It was announced that [[Seven Screen Studio]] has acquired the distribution rights of the film in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite news |first=Chandhini | last = R. |date=23 Dec 2022 |title=Vaathi's Tamil Nadu theatrical rights sold |url= https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/Dec/23/vaathis-tamil-nadu-theatrical-rights-sold-38025.html |access-date=23 May 2025 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
Initially, there were reports suggesting that the film's streaming rights were acquired by [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]], but were later acquired by [[Netflix]], while the satellite rights were acquired by [[Sun TV Network]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 2023 |title=Netflix to stream 18 new Tamil films in 2023 in its attempt to serve regional language cinema fans |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/netflix-to-stream-18-new-tamil-films-in-2023-in-its-attempt-to-serve-regional-language-cinema-fans/articleshow/97052291.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117083308/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/netflix-to-stream-18-new-tamil-films-in-2023-in-its-attempt-to-serve-regional-language-cinema-fans/articleshow/97052291.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=17 January 2023 |access-date=17 January 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> It began streaming on Netflix from 17 March 2023 in Tamil, Telugu, and Hindi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2023 |title=Official! Dhanush's 'Vaathi' to stream on OTT from THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/official-dhanushs-vaathi-to-stream-on-ott-from-this-date/articleshow/98580952.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312102858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/official-dhanushs-vaathi-to-stream-on-ott-from-this-date/articleshow/98580952.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=12 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-12 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Vaathi'' received mixed reviews from critics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2023 |title=Dhanush's 'Vaathi' makes Rs 118 crore at the box office in one month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-vaathi-makes-rs-118-crore-at-the-box-office-in-one-month/articleshow/98753233.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323002326/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-vaathi-makes-rs-118-crore-at-the-box-office-in-one-month/articleshow/98753233.cms |archive-date=23 March 2023 |access-date=22 March 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=67|count=6|average=6|ref=yes}}

Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Vaathi'' is a film that's mounted on no-nonsense writing though it could have been even better".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vaathi Movie Review : Dhanush scores high along with his students in this tale of empowerment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vaathi/movie-review/97992637.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217184530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vaathi/movie-review/97992637.cms |archive-date=17 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Latha Srinivasan of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 and said that the film has a "noble mission" but Venky Atluri's story and narration are a big let-down.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2023 |title=Vaathi Movie Review: Dhanush is the only saving grace of this Venky Atluri film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vaathi-review-vaathi-movie-review-dhanush-is-the-only-saving-grace-of-this-venky-atluri-film-2335963-2023-02-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218031153/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vaathi-review-vaathi-movie-review-dhanush-is-the-only-saving-grace-of-this-venky-atluri-film-2335963-2023-02-17 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Despite using a 140-minute runtime to teach us a bunch of subjects, but the film teaches us are "Films don't have to be preachy to drive home a point" and "Dhanush can make anything look easy".<ref>{{Cite news |title='Vaathi' movie review: A wonderful Dhanush anchors a promising tale bogged down by cliches and deja vu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/feb/17/vaathi-movie-review-a-wonderful-dhanush-anchors-a-promising-tale-bogged-down-by-cliches-and-deja-2548369.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218053409/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/feb/17/vaathi-movie-review-a-wonderful-dhanush-anchors-a-promising-tale-bogged-down-by-cliches-and-deja-2548369.html |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and termed the film as Dhanush starrer about right to education fares poorly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2023 |title=Vaathi movie review: Dhanush starrer about right to education fares poorly |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vaathi-movie-review-dhanush-starrer-about-right-to-education-fares-poorly-8451630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218052148/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vaathi-movie-review-dhanush-starrer-about-right-to-education-fares-poorly-8451630/ |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> Bharathy Singaravel of ''[[The News Minute]]'' rated the film 1 out of 5 stars and wrote "A film of such mediocrity and confused politics".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2023 |title=Vaathi review: Bad script, bad politics let down Dhanush starrer on education rights |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vaathi-review-bad-script-bad-politics-let-down-dhanush-starrer-education-rights-173417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218052907/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vaathi-review-bad-script-bad-politics-let-down-dhanush-starrer-education-rights-173417 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |access-date=18 February 2023 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Award
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! Result
! Ref
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| Dhanush
| {{Nominated}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations of 69th Filmfare Awards South 2024 Telugu {{!}} Filmfare |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2024/telugu/nominations |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
| Shweta Mohan – "Mastaaru Mastaaru"
| {{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | South Indian International Movie Awards
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| Dhanush
| {{Nominated}}
|
|-
| Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu
| Shweta Mohan – "Mastaaru Mastaaru"
| {{Nominated}}
|
|-
| Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil
| Shweta Mohan – "Va Vaathi"
| {{Nominated}}
|
|}

{{Expand section|October 2025|date=October 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Venky Atluri}}
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2023 action drama films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Films about academic scandals]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about examinations and testing]]
[[Category:Films about higher education]]
[[Category:Films about mathematics]]
[[Category:Films about teacher–student relationships]]
[[Category:Films about the education system in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Venky Atluri]]
[[Category:Films set in 1993]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 multilingual films]]

Haarsh Limbachiyaa

2026-03-16T11:28:28Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Short description|Indian screenwriter, television producer, television host (born 1986)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Haarsh Limbachiya
| image = Haarsh Limbachiyaa in 2021.jpg
| caption = Haarsh in 2021
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|01|30|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bharti-singh-wishes-her-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-on-his-birthday-with-a-sweet-love-note/articleshow/80602393.cms|title=Bharti Singh wishes her husband Haarsh Limbachiyaa on his birthday with a sweet love note|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302040426/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bharti-singh-wishes-her-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-on-his-birthday-with-a-sweet-love-note/articleshow/80602393.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bharti-singh-gets-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-s-name-tattooed-for-his-birthday-he-says-best-gift-see-pic/story-dCJ3EqbkJ8Jame3UwNrdMP_amp.html|title=Bharti Singh gets husband Haarsh Limbachiyaa's name tattooed for his birthday, he says 'best gift'. See pic|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=14 July 2021|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714104555/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bharti-singh-gets-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-s-name-tattooed-for-his-birthday-he-says-best-gift-see-pic/story-dCJ3EqbkJ8Jame3UwNrdMP_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_name = Hemant Kumar Limbachiya
| birth_place = [[Bombay, Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Screenwriter|television producer|television host}}
| years_active = 2011–present
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''|{{nowrap|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''}} }}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Bharti Singh]]|2017}}
| children=2
}}

'''Hemant Kumar''' "'''Harsh'''" '''Limbachiya''' (born 30 January 1991) is an Indian screenwriter, producer, and television host. He has written for the shows ''[[Comedy Circus Ke Taansen|Comedy Circus Ke Tansen]]'', ''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]'', and ''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 December 2015|title=Who is Harsh Limbachiyaa? Know all about the man Bharti Singh is set to marry|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/who-is-harsh-limbachiyaa-the-man-bharti-singh-is-set-to-marry-comedy-nights-bachao-278646-2015-12-23|access-date=12 May 2020|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> He also wrote dialogues for the film ''[[PM Narendra Modi]]'' and lyrics for the title-track of the film ''[[Malang (film)|Malang]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He has created, produced, and hosted television shows like ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]'' and ''[[Hum Tum Aur Quarantine]]'', along with his wife [[Bharti Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khatra Khatra Khatra review: Bharti Singh, Haarsh Limbachiyaa's show will make you laugh and cringe, too|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/khatra-khatra-khatra-review-bharti-singh-haarsh-limbachiyaas-show-will-make-you-laugh-and-cringe-too/380688|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bharti Singh & Haarsh Limbachiyaa Bring New Show 'Hum, Tum Aur Quarantine' Amid Lockdown|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bharti-singh-haarsh-limbachiyaas-new-show-hum-tum-aur-quarantine-on-colors-amid-coronavirus-lockdown-1200104|date=17 April 2020|website=news.abplive.com|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Personal life ==
Haarsh married comedian [[Bharti Singh]] on 3 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa are wife and husband now|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bharti-singh-and-harsh-limbachiyaa-are-wife-and-husband-now-see-pics-and-videos/story-3LCRtXzQfiH88jQyD5qKuI.html|date=3 December 2017|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> In the same year, he founded his production company, H3 Productions.

On 22 November 2020, the [[Narcotics Control Bureau|NCB]] arrested Haarsh Limbachiyaa and his wife [[Bharti Singh]] after a search was conducted in which 86.5 gms of [[Marijuana (drug)|marijuana]] was found and seized. He was later arrested after 15 hours of questioning by anti-drugs agency NCB.<ref>{{cite web|title=After Comedian Bharti Singh, Husband Also Arrested In Drugs Probe|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/comedian-bharti-singhs-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-arrested-after-15-hours-of-questioning-by-anti-drugs-agency-ncb-2328560|date=21 November 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 November 2020|title=Bharti Singh, husband Harsh's bail hearing likely to be delayed|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-criminal-antecedents-court-to-hear-bail-pleas-of-bharti-singh-harsh-today/story-F2V8jcnoszUJrFylpdnMNK.html|access-date=23 November 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 November 2020|title=Drug case: Haarsh Limbachiyaa, comedian Bharti Singh's husband, arrested by NCB|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/haarsh-limbachiyaa-comedian-bharti-singh-husband-arrested-by-ncb-in-drug-case-11606015479454.html|access-date=23 November 2020|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

On 3 April 2022, the couple had their first child, a boy, Laksh Limbachiyaa nicknamed Golla.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Rebecca|last=Samervel|date=24 November 2020|title=Mumbai: Bharti Singh, husband granted bail in drug consumption case|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-bharti-singh-husband-granted-bail-in-drug-consumption-case/articleshow/79379784.cms|access-date=25 November 2020|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2019
|''[[PM Narendra Modi]]''
|rowspan=2| N/A
|Dialogue writer
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=PM Narendra Modi Cast List|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pm-narendra-modi/cast/|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=22 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122220708/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/pm-narendra-modi/cast/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[[Malang (film)|''Malang'']]
|Lyricist
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=''Malang'' marks Haarsh Limbachiyaa's debut as lyricist|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/malang-marks-haarsh-limbachiyaas-debut-as-lyricist/1713139|website=Outlook|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''
|Ravi
|Cameo appearance
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2009-2014
|[[Lapataganj]]
|
|Writer
|
|-
|2011
|[[Comedy Circus Ke Taansen|'' Comedy Circus Ke Tansen'']]
|rowspan=3 | N/A
|rowspan=3 | Writer
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Comedy Nights Bachao]]''
|
|-
|2016
|''[[Comedy Nights Live]]''
|
|-
|2017
|[[Nach Baliye|''Nach Baliye 8'']]
| rowspan="2" |Contestant
|7th place
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nach Baliye 8: Bharti Singh, beau Harsh Limbachiyaa evicted from the show|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/nach-baliye-8-bharti-singh-beau-harsh-limbachiyaa-evicted-from-the-show-4659871/|date=17 May 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 9]]''
|10th place
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 9: Bharti Singh's husband Haarsh Limbachiyaa is out of the race|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-9-bharti-singh-s-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-is-out-of-the-race-1311632-2018-08-11|date=11 August 2018|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
|Host
|Producer and writer
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haarsh Limbachiyaa: I am what I am because of Bharti|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/haarsh-limbachiyaa-khatra-khatra-khatra-bharti-singh-5631627/|date=18 March 2019|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2020
|''[[India's Best Dancer]]''
| rowspan="2" |Host
|
|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Bharti Singh to host dance reality show India's Best Dancer with husband Haarsh Limbachiyaa|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bharti-singh-to-host-dance-reality-show-india-s-best-dancer-with-husband-haarsh-limbachiyaa-1629730-2019-12-19|date=19 December 2019|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hum Tum Aur Quarantine]]''
|Producer and writer
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa's 'homemade' series based on lockdown|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/bharti-singh-and-haarsh-limbachiyaas-homemade-series-based-on-lockdown/articleshow/75092944.cms|last=Choudhary|first=Sagarika|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|date=11 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''
|Contestant
|7th place
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2020|title=Haarsh Limbachiyaa: Took up Khatron Ke Khiladi Made in India to redeem myself|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/haarsh-limbachiyaa-khatron-ke-khiladi-made-in-india-bharti-singh-6543940/|access-date=13 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Funhit Mein Jaari]]''
|N/A
|Producer and writer
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 July 2020|title=Bharti Singh and Haarsh Limbachiyaa to launch a show on SAB TV|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bharti-singh-krushna-abhishek-haarsh-limbachiyaa-new-show-6496248/|access-date=13 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709020858/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bharti-singh-krushna-abhishek-haarsh-limbachiyaa-new-show-6496248/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Dance Deewane|Dance Deewane 3]]''
|Host
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|first2=|last3=|first3=|title=Bharti Singh gets emotional after Dance Uday's performance|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bharti-singh-gets-emotional-after-dance-deewane-3-contestant-uday-s-performance-1778402-2021-03-12|access-date=13 March 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Hunarbaaz: Desh Ki Shaan]]''
|Host
|
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''
|Host
|Producer and Writer
|
|-
|2022–2023
|''[[Favvara Chowk]]''
|Pappi Faraar
|
|20
|-
|2023
|''[[Entertainment Ki Raat Housefull]]''
| rowspan="3" |Host
|
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Superstar Singer]]''
|
|
|-
|2024''-Present''
|''Champions Ka Tashan- IBD v/s SD''
|
|
|-
|2024
|[[India's Got Latent]]
|Guest
|
|
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|[[Dance Deewane|''Dance Deewane 2'']]
|rowspan="8" |Himself
|
|-
|[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|''Bigg Boss 13'']]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2020
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhasin|first=Shriya|date=15 November 2020|title=Bigg Boss 14 November 15 HIGHLIGHTS: Salman Khan enjoys Diwali 'Qawaali,' Shardul Pandit gets evicted|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-14-november-15-live-updates-salman-khan-fun-with-contestants-in-diwali-qawaali-mehfil-665014|access-date=13 March 2021|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|2021
|''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi {{!}} Season 11 Episode 9 Online|url=https://www.mxplayer.in/show/watch-khatron-ke-khiladi/season-11/rohit-this-is-disrespect-nikki-online-d3cb3413136696f601e8bd832877db1a|access-date=16 August 2021|website=www.mxplayer.in|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sirf Tum (TV series)|Sirf Tum]]''
|
|-
| ''[[The Big Picture (Indian TV series)|The Big Picture]]''
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 17)|Bigg Boss 17]]''
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|9855808}}
*{{Instagram|haarshlimbachiyaa30}}
{{Nach Baliye}}
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Limbachiyaa, Haarsh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]

Godse (disambiguation)

2026-03-13T12:08:57Z

NydiaSilverman2: adding entry

{{Wikt}}

'''[[Nathuram Godse]]''' (1910-1949) was an Indian Hindu extremist who assassinated Mahatma Gandhi.

'''Godse''' may also refer to:

== Films ==
* [[Godse (film)|''Godse'' (film)]], a 2022 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film by Gopi Ganesh
*''[[Gandhi Godse – Ek Yudh]]'', a 2023 Indian alternate history film by Rajkumar Santoshi about the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

== People ==
* [[Godse (surname)]]

== Other ==
* ''[[Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy]]'', Marathi-language play by Vinay Apte
* ''[[Godse's Children: Hindutva Terror in India]]'', 2011 Indian political history book by Subhash Gatade about Hindu terrorism

{{disambig}}

D.A.V. College Managing Committee

2026-03-11T03:49:48Z

NydiaSilverman2: reworked lead based on references and corrected details as per guidelines

{{Short description|Non-governmental educational organisation in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox organisation
| name = DAV College Managing Committee
| logo_size = 180px
| alt =
| abbreviation = DAVCMC
| size = 2160px
| caption =
| formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1886|06|01}}
| logo = File:DAV CMC Logo.svg
| founder = [[Mahatma Hansraj]]
| affiliations = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]], [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]], other regional boards and [[Arya Samaj]]
| key_people = [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], Rai Bahadur Lal Chand, Bhagat Ishwar Das, [[Mahatma Hansraj]], Lala Dwarka Das, Rai Bahadur Durga Das
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| area_served = [[India]], [[Fiji]], [[Nepal]], [[Mauritius]], [[Singapore]]
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| location = Chitra Gupta Road, [[New Delhi]]{{Coord|28.643759|77.20803|region:India:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Punam Suri|Dr. Punam Suri]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.davcmc.net.in/presidents_message.html |title=DAV CMC – the DAV College Trust and Management Society is the largest non-governmental educational organisation in India |access-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811232029/http://davcmc.net.in/presidents_message.html |archive-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| language = [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]] and other regional languages
| num_employees = 100000+
| website = {{URL|http://www.davcmc.net.in/}}
}}

The '''D.A.V. College Managing Committee''', commonly known as '''DAVCMC''', is a non-governmental educational organisation in [[India]] and overseas with over 900 schools,<ref name="DAVuni">{{cite web|url=https://davuniversity.org/university/mainpage.aspx?name=university%5Cintroduction|title=Introduction|website=davuniversity.org|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162224/https://davuniversity.org/university/mainpage.aspx?name=university%5Cintroduction|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> 75 colleges and a university. It is based on the ideals of [[Dayananda Saraswati]] and [[Arya Samaj]]. The Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) education system also comprises colleges offering graduate and post-graduate degrees in various disciplines all over India.

Founded in 1886 in [[Lahore]], British India (now [[Pakistan]]), these schools are run by the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College Trust (DAVCT) and Management Society, also commonly known as the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Education Society (DAVES).<ref name="arya1">Gurukula Patrika, April–July, 1940-41, Ank 10, (12 June 1940), p.1.</ref><ref name="arya2">Madalsa Ujjwal, 2008, Manish Negi Life and Ideas, Book Treasure Publications, Jodhpur, pp. 96-97.</ref><ref name="arya3">Gunjun H. Shakshi, 1971, Social and Humanistic Life in India, Abhinav Publications, Delhi, pp. 122-124.</ref> Today, institutional records of the D.A.V. College Trust and Management Society are part of the archives at the [[Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]], at [[Teen Murti House]], Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archives |url=http://www.nehrumemorial.com/archivehead.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503203613/http://www.nehrumemorial.com/archivehead.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-05-03 |publisher=[[Nehru Memorial Museum & Library]] }}</ref>

[[English language|English]] is the primary language of instruction, with students also receiving compulsory education in [[Hindi]] and [[Sanskrit]] or a regional language. The DAV movement has grown to become the single largest non-governmental educational society in the country, managing 900+ educational institutions, apart from D.A.V. Public Schools across the country and even abroad,(~9 including Nepal, Singapore, UK, USA and colleges in Mauritius and Fiji) with an annual budget of more than [[Indian rupee|INR ₹2]] billion. It employs over 50,000 people and educates more than 2 million students every year.

In 2013, the [[ASSOCHAM|Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India]] awarded 40 institutions for its contribution to quality education. [[ASSOCHAM]] awarded DAV College Managing Committee with 'Best Chain of Schools in India' award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.careerindia.com/news/2013/04/17/assocham-honours-40-institutions-for-education-004665.html|title=Assocham honour 40 institutions for its contribution to Education|date=2013-04-17}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Mahatma Hansraj]] was the founder of the national D.A.V. College Managing Committee.<ref name=founderof1>[https://www.newsworldindia.in/national/nation-remembers-sher-e-punjab-lala-lajpat-rai-on-his-birth-anniversary/320005/ Nation Remembers ‘Sher-E-Punjab’ Lala Lajpat Rai On His Birth Anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128195942/https://www.newsworldindia.in/national/nation-remembers-sher-e-punjab-lala-lajpat-rai-on-his-birth-anniversary/320005/ |date=28 January 2019 }}, Newsworldindia.in, 28 Jan 2019.</ref> In 1886 the first DAV School was established in [[Lahore]] which was subsequently upgraded to become the first DAV College. In 1886 the DAV College Trust and Management Society was established and registered.

== List of presidents ==
The first inaugural holder for the post of President was Rai Bahadur Lal Chand whose term was from 1886 until 1894, from 1896 until 1899 and from 1900 until 1902. Other office holders were Bhagat Ishwar Dass, Lala Dwarka Dass, Mahatma Hansraj, [[Chief Justice of India|CJI]] [[Mehr Chand Mahajan]], [[Padma Bhushan]] Suraj Bhan, Prof. Ved Vyasa, Darbari Lal, T. R. Tuli, [[G. P. Chopra]] and other. The current office holder is [[Padma Shri]] Dr. [[Punam Suri]] whose term is from 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DAVCMC |url=https://davcmc.net.in/ABBDCAF4-AC18-4628-B319-277022AFC1B9/CMS/Page/PAST-PRESIDENTS |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=davcmc.net.in}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!No
!Name
!Term
|-
|1
|Rai Bahadur Lal Chand
|1886 – 1894
|-
|2
|Bhagat Ishwar Dass
|1895 – 1896
|-
|(1)
|Rai Bahadur Lal Chand
|1896 – 1899
|-
|(2)
|Bhagat Ishwar Dass
|1900 – 1902
|-
|(1)
|Rai Bahadur Lal Chand
|1901 – 1902
|-
|(2)
|Bhagat Ishwar Dass
|1903 – 1906
|-
|3
|Lala Dwarka Dass
|1907 – 1909
|-
|4
|[[Mahatma Hansraj]]
|1912 – 1918
|-
|5
|Rai Bahadur Durga Dass
|1919 – 1923
|-
|6
|Dr Bakshi Sir Tek Chand
|1924 – 1930
|-
|(4)
|[[Mahatma Hansraj]]
|1931
|-
|7
|Sain Dass
|1932
|-
|8
|Rai Bahadur Mukund Lal Puri
|1933 – 1935
|-
|9
|[[Mehr Chand Mahajan|Chief Justice (Dr.) Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
|1936 – 1939
|-
|10
|Dewan Chand
|1940 – 1943
|-
|11
|Mehr Chand
|1945 – 1949
|-
|12
|Lala Balraj
|1950 – 1953
|-
|13
|Nand Lal
|1954
|-
|(9)
|[[Mehr Chand Mahajan|Chief Justice (Dr.) Mehr Chand Mahajan]]
|1955 – 1964
|-
|14
|Dr. G. L. Dutta
|1965 – 1971
|-
|15
|Justice J. L. Kapur
|1972 – 1974
|-
|16
|Suraj Bhan
|1975 – 1980
|-
|17
|Ved Vyasa
|1981 – 1991
|-
|18
|Babu Darbari Lal
|1995
|-
|19
|T. R. Tuli
|1997 – 2000
|-
|20
|[[G. P. Chopra]]
|2000 – 2011
|-
|21
|[[Punam Suri|Dr. Punam Suri]]
|2011 – present
|}

== University ==
* DAV University, Jalandhar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davuniversity.org/|title=DAV University, Jalandhar|work=davuniversity.org|access-date=14 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619090419/http://www.davuniversity.org/|archive-date=19 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* DAV Women's University, Yamunanagar<ref>[https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/khattar-approves-clu-dav-womens-university-yamunanagar-1502600357.html Khattar approves DAV Women's University].</ref>

== Colleges ==
There are more than 75 colleges across India for graduate and post-graduate programmes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.davcmc.net.in/dav_colleges.html |title=DAV CMC - the DAV College Trust and Management Society is the largest non-governmental educational organisation in India |access-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707224125/http://davcmc.net.in/dav_colleges.html |archive-date=7 July 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Professional colleges===
Under DAV<ref name=davprof1>{{cite web|url=http://davcmc.net.in/dav_colleges.html|title=DAV professional colleges|access-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921023301/http://davcmc.net.in/dav_colleges.html|archive-date=21 September 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* University of Delhi
** [[Pannalal Girdharlal Dayanand Anglo Vedic College|PGDAV College, Delhi]]
** [[Hansraj College|Hansraj College, Delhi]]
* University of Mumbai
** Ramanand Arya DAV College, Mumbai
* College of Education
** Sohan Lal DAV College of Education, Ambala, Haryana
** Dr.Ganesh Dass DAV college of Education for Women, Karnal, Haryana
** BN Saha DAV Teacher's Training College, Giridih, Jharkhand
** DPB Dayanand College of Education, Solapur, Maharashtra
** DAV College of Education, Abohar, Punjab
** DAV College of Education for Women, outside Beri Gate, Amritsar, Punjab
** Jialal B.Ed College, Ramganj, Beawer Road, Ajmer, Rajasthan
** MCM DAV college, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
* Law
** Damani Gopabai Bhairuratan (D.G.B.) Dayanand Law College, Solapur, Maharashtra
* Medical, Ayurveda, Dental, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy
** DAV Edwardganj Hospital, Malout, Punjab
** Dayanand Ayurvedic College, Jalandhar, GT Road, Jalandhar, Punjab
** Mahatma Hans Raj DAV Institute of Nursing, Mahatma Hans Raj Marg, Jalandhar, Punjab
** JN Kapoor DAV Centenary Dental College, Model Town, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana
** MN DAV Dental College, Tatul, Solan, Himachal Pradesh
** TDTR DAV Institute of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation Professor Colony, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana
** DAV Institute of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, GT Road, Jalandhar, Punjab
** Km. Vimla Memorial DAV Physio Centre & Gym, Chheharta, Amritsar, Punjab
** DAV Pharmacy College, Mahatma Hans GT Road, Jalandhar City, Punjab
* Management
** DAV Institute of Management, NH-III, NIT, Faridabad, Haryana
** DAV Centre for Management Development in Agriculture & Environment, N-4/16, Civil Township, Rourkela, Odisha
** DAV School of Business Management, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
** DAV Institute of Management Studies & Research, Pune, Maharashtra
* Engineering and Technology
** NMDC DAV Polytechnic, Old Central School Building, Dantewada, Chhattisgarh
** DAV College of Engg. & Technology, Kanina, Mohindergarh, Haryana
** DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology Betla Road, Medininagar, Daltonganj, Palamau, Jharkhand
** DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology, Kabir Nagar, Mahatma Hans Raj Marg, Jalandhar, Punjab
** Mehr Chand Polytechnic College, Dayanand Nagar, GT Road, Jalandhar, Punjab
** Mehr Chand Technical Institute, Dayanand Nagar, GT Road, Jalandhar, Punjab
** Dayanand Junior Technical School, Dayanad Nagar, GT Road, Jalandhar, Punjab
* Industrial Training
** NMDC Ltd. DAV Industrial Training Center, Bhansi, Dantewada, Chhattisgarh
** NMDC - DAV ITC Nagarnagar, Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh
** Dayanand Industrial Training Institute Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab

== Aided schools ==
[[File:Main_Entry_to_Building.jpg|thumb|[[CAV High School]] at [[Hisar city|Hisar]].]]
There are over 62 government-aided DAV schools across the country which are run by DAVCMC in co-operation with six states (Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, New Delhi, Orissa, and Punjab) and the Chandigarh union territory governments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.davcmc.net.in/dav_aided_schools.html |title=DAV CMC - the DAV College Trust and Management Society is the largest non-governmental educational organisation in India |access-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628100115/http://davcmc.net.in/dav_aided_schools.html |archive-date=28 June 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Unaided schools ==
There are more than 900 [[Nonprofit organization|not-for-profit charitable]] [[Charitable trust|trust-run]] unaided DAV schools across India and several other countries for studies up to the higher secondary level.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.davcmc.net.in/dav_schools.html |title=DAV CMC - the DAV College Trust and Management Society is the largest non-governmental educational organisation in India |access-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017065430/http://davcmc.net.in/dav_schools.html |archive-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In India, they are more in the states of [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], and [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://davcmc.net.in/CABB0423-483E-4E48-AE5F-C4D64AABEC1F/CMS/Page/DAV-Schools|title=DAV Schools|website=davcmc.net.in|access-date=2020-02-27}}</ref>

== DAV institutes outside India ==

=== Colleges ===
* [[Fiji]]
** DAV College, Ba, [[Ba (town)|Ba]]
** DAV College, Suva, [[Nabua, Fiji|Nabua]], [[Suva]]
* [[Mauritius]]
** D.A.V. College, Saint André<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aryasabhamauritius.mu/info/?id=8/index.html|title=DAV College-Morc. St Andre|work=aryasabhamauritius.mu|access-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091253/http://www.aryasabhamauritius.mu/info/?id=8%2Findex.html|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
** Dr. Jugroo Seegobin D.A.V. College, [[Port Louis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aryasabhamauritius.mu/info/?id=7/index.html|title=Dr. Juroo Seegobin DAV College - Port Louis|work=aryasabhamauritius.mu|access-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072307/http://www.aryasabhamauritius.mu/info/?id=7%2Findex.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Schools ===
* [[Singapore]]
** [[Arya Samaj in Singapore#DAV Hindi School, Singapore|D.A.V. Hindi School]] at [[Arya Samaj in Singapore|Singapore Arya Samaj temple]], Syed Alwi Road, [[Little India, Singapore|Little India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davschool.edu.sg/index.html|title=D.A.V. Hindi School|work=davschool.edu.sg|access-date=8 January 2015|archive-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218071840/http://www.davschool.edu.sg/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Nepal]]
** [[DAV Sushil Kedia Vishwa Bharati Higher Secondary, Kathmandu, Nepal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://davnepal.com/|title=DAV Sushil Kedia Vishwa Bharati Higher Secondary School|first=DAV School|last=Nepal|website=davnepal.com}}</ref>
** D.A.V. Dedraj Sewal Devi Todi Higher Secondary School, [[Biratnagar]]<ref>[http://www.davcollege.edu.np/index.html D.A.V. College].{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222205313/http://www.davcollege.edu.np/+2/|date=}}.</ref>
* [[United Kingdom]]
** Dayanand Anglo-Vedic Primary School, [[Birmingham]]<ref name=uk1>{{cite web|url=https://www.arya-samaj.org/index.php?site=davbham|title=Arya Samaj (Vedic Mission) West Midlands|website=www.arya-samaj.org}}</ref>
* [[United States of America]]
** DAV Montessori School, [[Houston]]<ref name="usa1">{{cite web|title=DAV Montessori & Elementary School|url=https://www.davhouston.org/|url-status=live|website=DAV Montessori & Elementary School|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412111444/http://davhouston.org/ |archive-date=12 April 2019 }}</ref>

== Related educational institutes==
These Arya Samaj educational institutes are not under the DAV College Managing Committee.
* [[Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya]]
* [[GNA University]]
*Dayanand Industrial Training Institute Katra Sher Singh, Amritsar, Punjab
*Dayanand Model High School, Shakti Nagar, Amritsar, Punjab

==See also==
* [[Akhara]]
* [[Ekal Vidyalaya]]
* [[Gurukula]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Arya Samaj by country}}
{{Hindu reform movements}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Education in India}}

[[Category:Arya Samaj]]
[[Category:Educational organizations established in 1886]]
[[Category:History of education in India]]
[[Category:Educational organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Arya Samaj]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Schools affiliated with the Arya Samaj]]

Wicket

2026-03-09T16:48:10Z

NydiaSilverman2: rework page also and added references per sources

{{Short description|Aspect of the game of cricket}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
[[File:Highgate Cricket Club wicket at Crouch End, Haringey, London, England 01.jpg|thumb|upright|A wicket]]
In the sport of [[cricket]], the term '''wicket''' has several meanings:
* It is either of the two sets of three [[Stump (cricket)|stumps]] and two [[Bail (cricket)|bails]] at each end of the [[Cricket pitch|pitch]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-8-the-wickets/ |title=Law 8 – The wickets |publisher=MCC |access-date=29 September 2017}}</ref> The [[Fielding (cricket)|fielding]] team's players can hit the wicket with the ball in a number of ways to get a batter [[out (cricket)|out]].
** The wicket is guarded by a [[Batsman (cricket)|batter]] who, with their [[cricket bat|bat]] (and sometimes with their [[pads]], but see the laws on [[Leg before wicket|LBW]], leg before wicket), attempts to prevent the [[Cricket ball|ball]] from hitting the wicket (if it does, they may be [[bowled]]) and to [[Run (cricket)|score runs]] where possible.
* Through [[metonymic]] usage, the [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissal]] of a batter is known as the ''taking of a wicket.''<ref name=cric>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756.html|title=A glossary of cricket terms|date=6 March 2006|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
* The [[cricket pitch]] itself is sometimes referred to as ''the wicket''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==History==
[[File:Francis Cotes - The young cricketer (1768).jpg|thumb|''[[The Young Cricketer]]'' by [[Francis Cotes]] in 1768 features the original two-stump wicket]]
The origin of the word is from [[wicket gate]], a small gate. Originally, cricket wickets had only two stumps and one bail and looked like a gate, much like the wicket used in the North American game of [[wicket (sport)|wicket]]. The third (middle) stump was introduced in 1775, after [[Lumpy Stevens]] bowled three successive deliveries to [[John Small (cricketer)|John Small]] that went straight through the two stumps rather than hitting them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/articles/z683qp3 |title=The origins of cricket jargon |work=BBC Bitesize |access-date=17 November 2018}}</ref>

==Stumps and bails==
{{main|Stump (cricket)|Bail (cricket)}}
[[Image:Cricket Stumps en.svg|right|thumb|260px|Each wicket consists of three [[stump (cricket)|stumps]], upright wooden poles that are hammered into the ground, topped with two wooden crosspieces, known as the [[bail (cricket)|bails]].]]

The size and shape of the wicket has changed several times during the last 300 years; its dimensions and placing is now determined by Law 8 in the ''[[Laws of Cricket]]'', thus:

* '''Law 8: The wickets'''. The wicket consists of three wooden stumps that are {{convert|28|in|cm|2}} tall. The stumps are placed along the batting crease with equal distances between each stump. They are positioned so they are {{convert|9|in|cm|2}} wide. Two wooden bails are placed in shallow grooves on top of the stumps. The bails must not project more than {{convert|0.5|in|cm|2}} above the stumps, and must, for cricket, be {{convert|4.31 |in|cm|2}} long.

There are also specified lengths for the barrel and spigots of the bail. There are different specifications for the wickets and bails for junior cricket. The umpires may dispense with the bails if conditions are unfit (e.g., if it is windy they might fall off by themselves).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/news/old_trafford_england_australia_bails_ashes.html |title=Strange sight at Old Trafford as England and Australia forced to play without bails |work=thecricketer.com |date=4 September 2019 |access-date=18 December 2019}}</ref> Further details on the specifications of the wickets are contained in Appendix D to the laws.

===Putting down a wicket===

The wicket can be thought of as a target for the fielding team, as the [[bowler (cricket)|bowler]] and [[fielder (cricket)|fielder]]s can [[dismissal (cricket)|dismiss]] a batter by hitting the wicket with the ball, in certain circumstances, and can prevent [[Run (cricket)|run]]-scoring by threatening to do so.

For a batter to be dismissed by being [[bowled]], [[run out]], [[stumped]] or [[hit wicket]], their wicket needs to be put down. For run out and stumped, this has to be when neither batter is in the [[batsman's ground|ground]] of the wicket. This generally occurs when a fielder throws the ball at the wicket, or hits it with ball in hand.

What 'putting down a wicket' means is defined by Law 29. A wicket is put down if:

* A [[Bail (cricket)|bail]] is completely removed from the top of the stumps
* A stump is struck out of the grounds by the ball, the striker's bat, the striker's person (or by any part of his clothing or equipment becoming detached from his person), a [[Fielding (cricket)|fielder]] (with his hand or arm, and provided that the ball is held in the hand or hands so used, or in the hand of the arm so used).
* A 2010 amendment to the Laws clarified the rare circumstance where a bat breaks during the course of a shot and the detached debris breaks the wicket; the wicket has been put down in this circumstance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lords.org/latest-news/news-archive/mcc-announces-eight-law-changes,1735,NS.html)|title=MCC announce eight Law changes|date=30 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221092414/http://www.lords.org/latest-news/news-archive/mcc-announces-eight-law-changes,1735,NS.html)|archive-date=21 February 2011}}</ref>
The wicket is also put down if a fielder pulls a stump out of the ground in the same manner.
[[File:Sutcliffe - bail stays put.jpg|thumb|200px|
A ball from [[Bill O'Reilly (cricketer)|Bill O'Reilly]] hits the stumps but does not dislodge the [[Bail (cricket)|bail]], [[English cricket team in Australia in 1932–33|Sydney, 1932]]. The wicket was not put down, and so the batter ([[Herbert Sutcliffe]]) was [[not out]].]]
Special situations:

*If one bail is off, removing the remaining bail or striking or pulling any stump out of the ground is sufficient to put the wicket down. A fielder may remake the wicket, if necessary, to put it down to have an opportunity of running out a batter.
*If both bails are off, a fielder must strike or pull any stump out of the ground with the ball, or pull it out of the ground with a hand or arm, provided that the ball is held in the hand(s) so used, or in the hand of the arm so used.

If the [[Umpire (cricket)|umpires]] have agreed to dispense with bails, because, for example, it is too windy for the bails to remain on the stumps, the decision as to whether the wicket has been put down is one for the umpire concerned to decide. After a decision to play without bails, the wicket has been put down if the umpire concerned is satisfied that the wicket has been struck by the ball, by the striker's [[Bat (cricket)|bat]], person, or items of his clothing or equipment separated from his person as described above, or by a fielder with the hand holding the ball or with the arm of the hand holding the ball.

===Modern innovations===
{{Main|Stump (cricket)#Modern innovations}}
As per the ICC Playing Conditions, when using the [[LED wicket]]s, "the moment at which the wicket has been put down [...] shall be deemed to be the first frame in which the LED lights are illuminated and subsequent frames show the bail permanently removed from the top of the stumps."<ref>{{cite web |title=CC Men's One Day International Playing Conditions (incorporating the 2017 Code of the MCC Laws of Cricket) Effective 1 August 2019 |url=https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2020/02/18/50c52297-70b0-4c12-9a8e-e9068cfe0c71/ICC-Men-s-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2019.pdf |access-date=19 February 2021 |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829181216/https://icc-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2020/02/18/50c52297-70b0-4c12-9a8e-e9068cfe0c71/ICC-Men-s-ODI-Playing-Conditions-2019.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The manufacturer is reviewing the LED wicket's performance after a number of international cricketers criticised the Zing bails during the [[2019 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sport|first=Telegraph|date=2019-06-11|title=Manufacturers of 'Zing' bails left surprised by World Cup problems and will 'review' for future use|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2019/06/11/manufacturers-zing-bails-left-surprised-world-cup-problems-will/|access-date=2020-09-19|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

{{anchor|Dismissing_a_batsman}}
==Dismissal of a batter==
[[File:Loughton Cricket Club ground scoreboard at Loughton, Essex, England.jpg|thumb|300px|A scoreboard showing the total runs scored and wickets lost]]
{{Main article|Dismissal (cricket)}}
The [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissal]] of a batter is known as the ''taking of a wicket''. The batter is said to have ''lost their wicket'', the batting side is said to have ''lost a wicket'', the fielding side to have ''taken a wicket'', and the [[bowler (cricket)|bowler]] is also said to have ''taken their'' (i.e. the batter's) ''wicket'', if the dismissal is one of the types for which the bowler receives credit. This language is used even if the dismissal did not actually involve the stumps and bails in any way (for example, a catch). The other four of the five most common methods of dismissal (bowled, LBW, run out, and stumped) involve the stumps and bails being put down (in the case of LBW, theoretically).

The word ''wicket'' has this meaning in the following contexts:

===Scoring===
A team's [[Scoring (cricket)|score]] is described in terms of the total number of [[run (cricket)|runs]] scored and the total number of wickets lost.

===Bowling analyses===
The number of wickets taken is a primary measure of an individual bowler's ability, and a key part of a [[bowling analysis]].

===Batting partnerships===
The sequence of time over which two particular batters bat together, a [[partnership (cricket)|partnership]], is referred to as a specifically numbered wicket when discriminating it from other partnerships in the [[innings]]. This can be thought of as saying "this was the number of runs scored while this team had lost [''n''-1] wickets and had yet to lose their ''n''th wicket."
*The '''first wicket partnership''' is from the start of the innings until the team loses its first wicket, i.e. one of the first two batters is dismissed.
* The '''second wicket partnership''' is from when the third batter starts batting until the team loses its second wicket, i.e. the time from when they have lost one wicket until the time they have lost a second wicket, which happens when a second batter is dismissed.
* etc...
* The '''tenth wicket''' or '''last wicket partnership''' is from when the eleventh (last) batter starts batting until the team loses its tenth (last) wicket, i.e. a tenth (last) batter is dismissed.

===Winning by number of wickets===
A team can win a match by a certain number of wickets. This means that they were batting last, and reached the winning target with a certain number of batsmen still not dismissed. For example, if the side scored the required number of runs to win with only three batters dismissed, they are said to have won by seven wickets (as a team's innings ends when ten batters are dismissed).

==The pitch==
The word ''wicket'' is also sometimes used to refer to the [[cricket pitch]] itself.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/wicket|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925134541/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/wicket|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 September 2016|title=wicket – Definition of wicket in English by Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries – English}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/wicket|title=Wicket definition and meaning – Collins English Dictionary|website=collinsdictionary.com}}</ref> According to the ''Laws of Cricket'', this usage is incorrect{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}, but it is in common usage and commonly understood by cricket followers.
The term ''[[sticky wicket]]'' refers to a situation in which the pitch has become damp, typically due to rain or high humidity. This makes the path of the ball more unpredictable thus making the job of defending the stumps that much more difficult. The full phrase is thought to have originally been "to bat on a sticky wicket." Such pitches were commonplace at all levels of the game (i.e. up to Test match level) until the late 1950s.

==In other sports==
Even though it is a cricket term, the arches used in [[croquet]] and [[roque]] are sometimes referred to as ''wickets'', especially in [[American English]]. These arches descend from the ancestral game of [[ground billiards]] (which may also be related to cricket), and were formerly called the ''hoop'', ''arch'' or ''port''. The port remained a prominent feature of indoor table [[Cue sport|billiards]] until well into the 18th century.<ref name="Clare">{{Cite book
|title=Billiards and Snooker Bygones
|last=Clare
|first=Norman
|publisher=Shire Publications
|location=[[Princes Risborough]], England
|year=1996 | orig-year = 1985
|edition=amended
|isbn=0-85263-730-6
|pages=3, 6, 7
}}</ref>

In [[baseball]], the [[strike zone]] is similar to the wicket, in that a batter who fails to hit a ball that is going towards the strike zone is at risk of being out.

==See also==
{{Portal|Cricket}}
*[[Cricket terminology]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Wickets}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Cricket statistics}}

[[Category:Cricket terminology]]
[[Category:Cricket equipment]]
[[Category:Cricket laws and regulations]]
[[Category:Cricket]]

Himanshu Malhotra

2026-03-08T22:46:16Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1982)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Himanshu Ashok Malhotra
| image = Himanshu M.jpg
| caption = Malhotra in 2025
| birth_name = Himanshu Malhotra
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|4|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| occupation = Actor
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Amruta Khanvilkar]]|2015}}
| years active = 2004–present
| relatives = [[Mohit Malhotra]] (brother)
}}

'''Himanshu Ashok Malhotra''' (born 2 April 1982<ref>{{cite web |title=Amruta Khanvilkar's surprise birthday party for Himanshu Malhotra is pure couple goals |work=News18 |accessdate=21 September 2024 |date=4 April 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/entertainment/amruta-khanvilkars-surprise-birthday-party-for-himanshu-malhotra-is-pure-couple-goals-7464373.html}}</ref>); also credited as '''Himmanshoo A. Malhotra''' is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films and television. He is best known for his portrayal in the television series ''[[Bhagonwali – Baante Apni Taqdeer]]'', ''[[Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage]]'' and ''[[Chikoo Ki Mummy Durr Kei]]'', and the films ''[[Shershaah]]'' (2021) and ''[[Kesari Veer]]'' (2025). Malhotra won the dance reality show ''[[Nach Baliye 7]]'' and later participated in stunt based reality show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]''.

==Early life==
Malhotra was born on 2 April 1982 in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/amruta-khanvilkar-wishes-hubby-himanshu-malhotra-on-his-birthday-with-this-sweet-message/articleshow/81868069.cms|title=Amruta Khanvilar wishes hubby Himanshu Malhotra on his birthday with this sweet message!|work=[[Times of India]]|date=2 April 2021|access-date=13 July 2021|archive-date=17 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517092135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/amruta-khanvilkar-wishes-hubby-himanshu-malhotra-on-his-birthday-with-this-sweet-message/articleshow/81868069.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He has a younger brother [[Mohit Malhotra]], who is also an actor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/mohit-and-himanshu-malhotra-set-major-sibling-goals-145384/ |title=Mohit and Himanshu Malhotra set major sibling goals |work=The Tribune India |date=23 September 2020 |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
=== Debut and success in television (2004–2015) ===
Himanshu Ashok Malhotra first came to limelight when he was selected to participate in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]'' in 2004, an all India talent hunt in acting and dance where he was amongst the top 6 contestants of the country. The actor is a popular face on Indian television as he has appeared in various shows like ''Hum Tum'', ''Bindass Champ'', [[Seven (TV series)|''Seven'']] by Yashraj films, ''Shubh Kadam'', ''Aap Ki Antara'', ''[[Bhagonwali-Baante Apni Taqdeer]]'', and ''[[Airlines]]''. He was also seen in Sony's ''[[Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage]]'' as Anoop.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Love-Marriage-Ya-Arranged-Marriage-Love-blooms/articleshow/15362490.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208100653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-06/tv/33049539_1_love-blooms-love-marriage-shivani |url-status=live |archive-date=8 December 2013 |title=Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage: Love blooms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 August 2012 |access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref> Along with his recurring roles, he had special appearances in several shows like [[STAR One|Star One]]'s ''Horror Nights'', [[Sony]]’s ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|CID]]'', [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Rab Se Sona Ishq]]'', ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' on [[Bindass]] opposite [[Shivshakti Sachdev]], [[Encounter (Indian TV series)|''Encounter'']] on [[Sony TV]] and ''[[Fear Files]]'' on Zee TV. He also essayed an important role in ''Airlines'' on [[Star Plus]]. In 2015, He participated in ''[[Nach Baliye]] season 7'' with his wife [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] and won the dance based reality show. He also joined the cast of ''[[Ek Nayi Ummeed Roshni]]'' as Dr. Sameer Purohit on ''[[Life Ok]]'' and acted as Milind Joshi in Star Plus’s famous show ''[[Chikoo Ki Mummy Durr Kei]]''.

=== Expansion to films and streaming projects (2016–present) ===
Malhotra started 2016 with ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-7-five-reasons-to-watch-arjun-kapoors-debut-show-305499-2016-01-25|title=Nach Baliye 7 winner Himmanshu Malhotra confirmed in Khatron Ke Khiladi 7 |work=India Today |access-date=11 February 2017}}</ref> He then appeared in an episode of ''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]'' and played Abu Saleem in ''Gangster Ki Girlfriend''. In the same year, Malhotra made his film debut with ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/latest-hindi-movie-news-bollywood-movies-news-updates/bollywood/news/Ready-to-witness-live-murder-on-TV/articleshow/54828697.cms Ready to witness live murder on TV?]. ''Times of India'' (14 October 2016). Retrieved on 18 October 2016.</ref> The film failed at the box office. In 2017, he played Prem in ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-breakup-wajah-tum-ho/ |title=Box Office: Worldwide Collections and Day wise breakup of Wajah Tum Ho – Bollywood Hungama |first=Bollywood |last=Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=17 December 2016 |access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref>

From 2018 to 2019, Malhotra played Lord [[Vishnu]] in ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]'' and Zain Ashraf in ''[[Mariam Khan – Reporting Live]]'' opposite [[Sheena Bajaj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/replacing-yeh-hai-mohabbatein-is-an-added-advantage-says-sheena-bajaj-of-mariam-khan-reporting-live/articleshow/64157913.cms|title=Replacing Ye Hai Mohabbatein is an added advantage, says Sheena Bajaj of Mariam Khan - Reporting Live|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2018}}</ref> In 2019, he played Aarambh opposite Simran Sharma in the film ''[[Hum Chaar]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/hum-chaar-friends-bhi-family-hain-trailer-sees-rajshri-productions-delve-into-territory-of-young-friendships-5914301.html|title=Hum Chaar: Friends Bhi Family Hain trailer sees Rajshri Productions delve into territory of young friendships|date=17 January 2019|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Ramesh S from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' stated that he "lends decent support" to the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-hum-chaar-lacks-entertainment/20190215.htm|title=Review: Hum Chaar lacks entertainment|date=15 February 2019|website=Rediff}}</ref> In 2020, he played a doctor, Dr. Sanjay in ''[[Dil Jaise Dhadke... Dhadakne Do]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/khatron-ke-khiladi-10-to-roadies-season-17-list-of-tv-shows-to-look-forward/photostory/73940979.cms|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 10 to Roadies season 17; list of TV shows to look forward|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 February 2020|accessdate=2 July 2022}}</ref>

Malhotra portrayed [[Captain#India|Captain]] Rajeev Kapoor in ''[[Shershaah]]'' alongside [[Siddharth Malhotra]], his first release of 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2020 |title=Sidharth Malhotra wraps up Shershaah, the biopic on Captain Vikram Batra |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sidharth-malhotra-wraps-shershaah-biopic-captain-vikram-batra/ |access-date=2 July 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> The film emerged as a major digital success and became the most-watched Indian film on [[Amazon Prime]] in India at the time of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=31 August 2021 |title='Shershaah' is most-watched film on Amazon Prime Video in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/shershaah-is-most-watched-film-on-amazon-prime-video-in-india-11630394022936.html |website=mint}}</ref> He then played Shiva, Nikki's father in ''[[Nikki Aur Jadui Bubble]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |title=Dangal TV to soon telecast a new show for kids 'Nikki Aur Jadui Bubble' {{!}} SBS Full |url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/television-dangal-tv-soon-to-telecast-a-new-show-for-kids-nikki-aur-jadui-bubble-sbs-full-1452501 |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=ABP Live |date=10 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> From 2021 to 2022, Malhotra played Milind Joshi opposite [[Paridhi Sharma]], a couple searching for their lost daughter in ''[[Chikoo Ki Mummy Durr Kei]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paridhi Sharma cast opposite Himanshu Malhotra in an upcoming TV show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/paridhi-sharma-cast-opposite-himanshu-malhotra-in-an-upcoming-tv-show/articleshow/83924669.cms|access-date=2021-09-28|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=मैं बोल्ड दृश्यों को निभाने में खुद को असहज महसूस करता हूँ-हिमांशु मल्होत्रा|url=https://mayapuri.com/i-feel-uncomfortable-doing-bold-scenes-himanshu-malhotra/|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Mayapuri|date=10 September 2021|language=hi|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505042315/https://mayapuri.com/i-feel-uncomfortable-doing-bold-scenes-himanshu-malhotra/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2022, he played king [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]] in the series ''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-07-16 |title=Anurag Thakur launches promo of upcoming Doordarshan series 'Swaraj' |url=https://theprint.in/india/anurag-thakur-launches-promo-of-upcoming-doordarshan-series-swaraj/1041225/ |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

Malhotra expanded to web series in 2023 with ''Mauka Ya Dhokha'', where he played Amit. In 2025, he first appeared in the series ''[[Rana Naidu]]'' as Paritosh opposite [[Kriti Kharbanda]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/rana-naidu-season-2-renewed-rana-daggubati-and-venkatesh-daggubati-to-return-in-the-action-thriller-series/articleshow/99611441.cms?from=mdr|title='Rana Naidu' Season 2 Renewed: Rana Daggubati and Venkatesh Daggubati to Return in the Action Thriller series|work=The Economic Times|date=19 April 2023}}</ref> A critic of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' felt he does "justice" to his role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rana Naidu Season 2 Series Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/web-series-review-rana-naidu-season-2-average-yet-watchable-ride-powered-strong-performances-season-1s-goodwill/|access-date=22 June 2025|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> He then played Rasool, a Tughlaq warrior in ''[[Kesari Veer]]'', which underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/kesari-veer-trailer-sooraj-pancholi-is-rajput-warrior-hamirji-gohil-in-period-drama-2716926-2025-04-29|title=Kesari Veer trailer: Sooraj Pancholi is Rajput warrior Hamirji Gohil in period drama|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kesari-veer-box-office-collection-day-3-sooraj-pancholi-suniel-shetty-film-struggles-to-earn-rs-1-cr-eclipsed-by-rajkummar-raos-bhool-chuk-maaf-10029062/|title=Kesari Veer box office collection day 3: Sooraj Pancholi-Suniel Shetty film struggles to earn Rs 1 cr, eclipsed by Rajkummar Rao’s Bhool Chuk Maaf|website=[[Indian Express]]|access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

==Personal life ==
Malhotra met actress [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] on the sets of ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]'' and they eventually began dating. After a decade relationship, Malhotra married Khanvilkar on 24 January 2015, in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=coutinho |first=natasha |date=2015-06-28 |title=Imperfectly perfect jodi of Nach Baliye |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150627/entertainment-tvmusic/article/imperfectly-perfect-jodi-nach-baliye |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-01 |title=My marriage with Himanshu Malhotra is for keeps: Amruta Khanvilkar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/amruta-khanvilkar-dance-india-dance-6-raazi-marriage-4916932/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108055308/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/amruta-khanvilkar-dance-india-dance-6-raazi-marriage-4916932/ |url-status=live }}</ref> That year, they both won the dancing reality show [[Nach Baliye|''Nach Baliye season 7'']].<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Nach Baliye 7 winner Himmanshoo Malhotra & Amruta Khanvilkar: Audience felt we were a real couple {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/nach-baliye-7-winner-himmanshoo-malhotra-amruta-khanvilkar-audience-felt-we-were-a-real-couple-469844/ |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=india.com |language=en |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006194202/https://www.india.com/entertainment/nach-baliye-7-winner-himmanshoo-malhotra-amruta-khanvilkar-audience-felt-we-were-a-real-couple-469844/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nusser|first=Stefan|chapter=Sicherheitsarchitektur für WWW-Informationssysteme|date=1998|pages=63–70|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783540633914|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-80474-8_4|title=Sicherheitskonzepte im WWW}}</ref> Their relationship has been the subject of media attention in India. On this, Khanvilkar remarked, "I'm traditional in my approach. Himmanshoo and I go way back—to a time before Instagram even existed, back in 2004, when we used to take pictures with a camera. We want to safeguard each other's identities and respect that."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-01 |title=Amruta Khanvilkar Says She Got Trolled For NOT Putting Enough Pics With Hubby On Social Media {{!}} EXCLUSIVE |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/amruta-khanvilkar-says-she-got-trolled-for-not-putting-enough-pics-with-hubby-on-social-media-exclusive-article-109762169 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''
| Karan Parekh
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/Censor-Committee-bowled-over-by-thriller-Wajah-Tum-Ho/articleshow/55504529.cms/ |title=Censor Committee bowled over by thriller Wajah Tum Ho - Mumbai Mirror |website=mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119221854/http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/Censor-Committee-bowled-over-by-thriller-Wajah-Tum-Ho/articleshow/55504529.cms |archive-date=2016-11-19}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Hum Chaar]]''
| Aarambh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/zoom/bollywood/sooraj-barjatya-in-an-exclusive-interview-talks-about-his-new-film-hum-chaar/24245|title=Sooraj Barjatya in an Exclusive Interview talks about his new film 'Hum Chaar'|website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Shershaah]]''
| [[Captain#India|Captain]] Rajeev Kapoor
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shershaah-the-sidharth-malhotra-and-kiara-advani-starrer-to-hit-the-theatres-on-july-2-2021/articleshow/81121879.cms |title= 'Shershaah': The Sidharth Malhotra and Kiara Advani starrer to hit the theatres on July 2, 2021 |work= Times of India |date= 20 February 2021 |access-date= 20 February 2021 |archive-date= 29 September 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230929164714/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shershaah-the-sidharth-malhotra-and-kiara-advani-starrer-to-hit-the-theatres-on-july-2-2021/articleshow/81121879.cms |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''Doosari Duniya''
| Nikhil
| Short film
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Kesari Veer]]''
| Rasool
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-himanshu-malhotra-playing-rasool-khan-kesari-veer-get-role-like-blessing-artist/|title=Himanshu Malhotra on playing Rasool Khan in Kesari Veer, “To get a role like this is a blessing for an artist”|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2004
| ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]''
| Contestant
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj: Will It Work This Time? |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-best-cinestars-ki-khoj-will-it-work-this-time/articleshow/37787566.cms |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015140802/https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-Best-Cinestars-Ki-Khoj-Will-It-Work-This-Time/articleshow/37787566.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Ssshhhh... Phir Koi Hai]]''
| Rahil
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2008
| ''Champs''
| Raj
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaisi Laagi Lagan]]''
| Swayam
|
|
|-
| 2009–2010
| ''[[Aapki Antara]]''
| Sameer Malhotra
|
|<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=10 September 2009|title=The missing plot|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-the-missing-plot-1289123|access-date=1 January 2020|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|quote=}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Seven (TV series)|Seven]]''
| Haryaksh Vashisht
|
|
|-
| 2010–2012
| ''[[Bhagonwali – Baante Apni Taqdeer]]''
| Guddu Shukla
|
|
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage]]''
| Anup Sisodiya
|
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Sony launches ''Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage''|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Love-Marriage-Ya-Arranged-Marriage-Love-blooms/articleshow/15362490.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208100653/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-06/tv/33049539_1_love-blooms-love-marriage-shivani|url-status=live|archive-date=8 December 2013|access-date=8 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Rab Se Sohna Isshq]]''
| {{Unknown}}
| Special appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Fear Files]]''
| {{Unknown}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Encounter (Indian TV series)|Encounter]]''
| [[Inspector]] Tilak Nambiyar
| Episode: "Ulhas and Urmila's Revenge"
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Manoj-Bajpayee-to-anchor-TV-series-based-on-Mumbais-35-encounters/articleshow/32487962.cms|title=Manoj Bajpayee to anchor TV series based on Mumbai's 35 encounters|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=23 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| [[Inspector]] Mayur
| Episode: "Love, Camera, Dhokha"
|
|-
| 2014–2015
| ''[[Airlines (Indian TV series)|Airlines]]''
| Rohit Mafatlal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/airlines-review-theres-lot-turbulence-tulip-joshis-first-tv-flight-1681819.html|title=Airlines review: There's a lot of turbulence in Tulip Joshi's first TV flight|last=|first=|date=26 August 2014|website=Firstpost|access-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''Box Cricket League''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 7|Nach Baliye 7]]''
| Contestant
| Winner
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=June 12, 2015 |title=New twist in Nach Baliye 7: Get set for 'three much' fun |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/nach-baliye-7-new-twist-karishma-tanna-upen-patel-rasahmi-desai-nandish-sandhu-kunwar-amar-chetan-bhagat-star-plus-257241-2015-06-12 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ek Nayi Ummeed Roshni]]''
| Dr. Sameer Purohit
|
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi 7|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 7]]''
| Contestant
| 15th place
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/khatron-ke-khiladi-packs-more-power-for-new-season-115103000707_1.html|title='Khatron Ke Khiladi' packs more power for new season|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=30 October 2015|access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''Box Cricket League Season 2''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Darr Sabko Lagta Hai]]''
| {{Unknown}}
|
|
|-
| ''Gangster Ki Girlfriend''
| Abu Saleem
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Shankar Jaikishan 3 in 1]]''
| Prem
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018–2019
| ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]''
| [[Vishnu]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mariam Khan – Reporting Live]]''
| Zain Ashraf
|
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Dil Jaise Dhadke... Dhadakne Do]]''
| Dr. Sanjay
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mahesh-bhatt-dil-jaise-dhadke-dhadakne-do-6262844/lite/|title=Mahesh Bhatt: Dil Jaise Dhadke…Dhadakne Do is not anti-God|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=11 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Nikki Aur Jadui Bubble]]''
| Shiva
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-13 |title=Ruslaan Mumtaz replaced by Himanshu Malhotra in 'Nikki Aur Jadui Bubble' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ruslaan-mumtaz-replaced-by-himanshu-malhotra-in-nikki-aur-jadui-bubble/articleshow/80251302.cms |access-date=2023-12-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2021–2022
| ''[[Chikoo Ki Mummy Durr Kei]]''
| Milind Joshi
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-chikoo-ki-mummy-durr-kei-to-take-a-leap-paridhi-sharma-himanshu-malhotra-will-not-be-part-of-the-show-post-leap/articleshow/89346399.cms|title=Exclusive! Chikoo Ki Mummy Durr Kei to take a leap; Paridhi Sharma and Himanshu Malhotra will not be part of the show post leap|website=The Times Of India|accessdate=24 February 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Swaraj (TV series)|Swaraj]]''
| [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=Doordarshan's new series Swaraj to narrate India's untold stories and historical journey from 1498 to 1947 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/doordarshans-new-series-swaraj-to-narrate-indias-untold-stories-and-historical-journey-from-1498-to-1947-10770591.html |access-date=2022-07-30 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2023
| ''Mauka Ya Dhokha''
| Amit
|
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Rana Naidu]]''
| Paritosh
| Season 2
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Rana Naidu 2 series review: An improved season, even if not consistently smarter |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rana-naidu-2-series-review-an-improved-season-even-if-not-consistently-smarter/article69685727.ece/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{BH person|himanshu-malhotra|Himanshu Malhotra}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}
{{Nach Baliye}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malhotra, Himmanshoo A.}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]

2004 Indian general election in Gujarat

2026-03-06T13:34:18Z

NydiaSilverman2: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Short description|none}}
{{No footnotes|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Indian general election in Gujarat, 2004
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Indian general election in Gujarat, 1999
| previous_year = 1999
| next_election = Indian general election in Gujarat, 2009
| next_year = 2009
| election_date = April–May 2004
| seats_for_election = 26 seats
| image1 = {{eppt|National Democratic Alliance|height=100|width=100}}
| leader1 =
| party1 = National Democratic Alliance (India)
| leaders_seat1 =
| last_election1 = 20
| seats1 = 14
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 6
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| image2 = {{eppt|INC|height=100|width=100}}
| leader2 =
| leaders_seat2 =
| party2 = [[Indian National Congress|INC+]] (post poll [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]])
| last_election2 = 6
| seats2 = 12
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 6
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| map_image = Gujarat in India.png
| map_size = 200px
| map_caption = [[Gujarat]]
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| after_election = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}
In the [[2004 Indian general election]] for [[Gujarat]] polls were held for 26 seats in the state. The result was a victory for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ]] which won 14 seats. The remaining 12 seats were won by [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]].

==Parties and alliances==
==={{legend2|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|[[National Democratic Alliance]]}}===
{|class="wikitable " style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[Narendra Modi]]
|26
|-
|}

==={{legend2|{{Party color|United Progressive Alliance}}}}[[United Progressive Alliance]]===
{|class="wikitable " style="text-align:center"
!colspan="2"|Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|[[B. K. Gadhvi]]
|25
|-
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|[[File:NCP-flag.svg|85px]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Clock.png|50px]]
|[[Sharad Pawar]]
|1
|-
|}

==Results==
=== Results by Party/Alliance ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/ Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| colspan="3"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 72,04,915
| 47.37
| {{decrease}} 5.11
| 26
| 14
| {{decrease}} 6
|-
|rowspan="3" {{Party color cell|United Progressive Alliance}}
!rowspan="3" style="background:#E5F8FF"|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 66,71,926
| 43.86
| {{decrease}} 1.58
| 25
| 12
| {{increase}} 6
|-
| {{Party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
| 1,76,634
| 1.16
| {{increase}} 0.64
| 1
| 0
| {{Steady}}
|-
! colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF" | Total
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 68,48,560
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 45.02
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | {{steady}}
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 26
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | 12
! style="background:#E5F8FF" | {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | Others
| 6,32,374
| 4.16
| {{steady}}
| 45
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| 5,25,055
| 3.45
| {{increase}} 2.78
| 65
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 1,52,10,904
! 100%
! -
! 162
! 26
! -
|}

==List of winners==

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Kutch Lok Sabha constituency|Kutch]]
|Gadhavi Pushpadan Shambhudan
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|221,057
|48.16
|Shailendrasinh Jadeja
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|192,067
|41.84
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|28,990
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6.32
|-

!2
|[[Surendranagar Lok Sabha constituency|Surendranagar]]
|Koli Patel Somabhai Gandabhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|219,872
|48.26
|Savshibhai Kanjibhai Makwana
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|185,928
|40.81
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|33,944
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|7.45
|-

!3
|[[Jamnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jamnagar]]
|Ahir Vikrambhai Arjunbhai Madam
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|204,468
|47.17
|[[Chandresh Patel Kordia]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|198,875
|45.88
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5,593
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1.29
|-

!4
|[[Rajkot Lok Sabha constituency|Rajkot]]
|Dr. Kathiria Vallabhbhai Ramjibhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|320,604
|59.52
|Balvantbhai Bachubhai Manvar
|{{Party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|176,634
|32.79
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|143,970
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|26.73
|-

!5
|[[Porbandar Lok Sabha constituency|Porbandar]]
|Patel Harilal Madhavjibhai (Haribhai Patel)
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|229,113
|46.71
|Radadiya Vithalbhai Hansrajbhai
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|223,410
|45.55
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|5,703
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1.16
|-

!6
|[[Junagadh Lok Sabha constituency|Junagadh]]
|Barad Jasubhai Dhanabhai
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|329,712
|50.05
|Chikhaliya Bhavnaben Devarajbhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|288,791
|43.84
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|40,921
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6.21
|-

!7
|[[Amreli Lok Sabha constituency|Amreli]]
|Virjibhai Thummar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|220,649
|46.39
|Dileep Sanghany
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|218,619
|45.96
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2,030
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|0.43
|-

!8
|[[Bhavnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Bhavnagar]]
|[[Rajendrasinh Ghanshyamsinh Rana]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|247,336
|55.60
|[[Gigabhai Gohil]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|166,910
|37.52
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|80,426
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|18.08
|-

!9
|[[Dhandhuka Lok Sabha constituency|Dhandhuka (SC)]]
|Varma Ratilal Kalidas
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|249,322
|48.27
|Yogendrakumar Mavjibhai Makwana
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|226,528
|43.85
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|22,794
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4.41
|-

!10
|[[Ahmedabad Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad]]
|Harin Pathak
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|301,853
|55.03
|Gupta Rajkumar Gigraj
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|224,248
|40.88
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|77,605
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|14.15
|-

!11
|[[Gandhinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gandhinagar]]
|L. K. Advani
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|516,120
|61.04
|Gabhaji Mangaji Thakor
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|298,982
|35.36
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|217,138
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|25.68
|-

!12
|[[Mehsana Lok Sabha constituency|Mehsana]]
|Jivabhai Ambalal Patel
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|339,643
|48.84
|Nitinbhai Ratilal Patel
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|325,132
|46.75
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|14,511
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|2.09
|-

!13
|[[Patan Lok Sabha constituency|Patan (SC)]]
|Kanodia Maheshkumar Mithabhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|273,970
|50.91
|Rastrapal Pravin Somabhai
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|250,346
|46.52
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|23,624
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|4.39
|-

!14
|[[Banaskantha Lok Sabha constituency|Banaskantha]]
|Chavda Harisinhaji Pratapsinhaji
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|301,148
|46.88
|Chaudhary Haribhai Parthibhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|294,220
|45.80
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6,928
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1.08
|-

!15
|[[Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency|Sabarkantha]]
|Madhusudan Mistry
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|316,483
|48.36
|Bara Ramilaben Bahecharbhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|276,555
|42.26
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|39,928
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6.10
|-

!16
|[[Kapadvanj Lok Sabha constituency|Kapadvanj]]
|Vaghela Shankersinh Laxmansinh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|320,338
|53.81
|Vaghela Liladharbhai Khodaji
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|240,903
|40.47
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|79,435
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|13.34
|-

!17
|[[Dahod Lok Sabha constituency|Dohad (ST)]]
|Katara Babubhai Khimabhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|228,154
|44.06
|Taviyad Dr. Prabhababen Kishorsinh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|227,793
|43.99
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|361
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|0.07
|-

!18
|[[Godhra Lok Sabha constituency|Godhra]]
|Solanki Bhupendrasinh Prabhatsinh
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|295,550
|55.00
|Patel Rajendrasinh Balvantsinh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|241,831
|45.00
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|53,719
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10.00
|-

!19
|[[Kairana Lok Sabha constituency|Kaira]]
|Dinsha Patel
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|244,037
|54.12
|Gaekwad Shubhanginiraje Ranjitsinh
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|187,288
|41.53
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|56,749
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|12.58
|-

!20
|[[Anand Lok Sabha constituency|Anand]]
|Solanki Bharatsinh Madhavsinh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|307,762
|52.05
|Jayprakash Vaghajibhai Patel (Babalbhai)
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|246,677
|41.72
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|61,085
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|10.33
|-

!21
|[[Chhota Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency|Chhota Udaipur (ST)]]
|Naranbhai Rathwa
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|246,855
|44.36
|Ramsinh Rathwa
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|210,616
|37.85
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|36,239
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6.51
|-

!22
|[[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency|Baroda]]
|Jayaben Thakkar
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|316,089
|48.45
|Gaekwad Satyajitsinh Duleepsinh
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|309,486
|47.44
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|6,603
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|1.01
|-

!23
|[[Bharuch Lok Sabha constituency|Broach]]
|Vasava Mansukhbhai Dhanjibhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|299,630
|44.01
|Patel Muhammad Fansiwala
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|227,428
|33.41
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|72,202
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|10.61
|-

!24
|[[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]
|Kashiram Rana
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|508,076
|56.69
|Chandravadan Chhotubhai Pithawala
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|357,513
|39.89
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|150,563
!style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ; color:white;"|16.80
|-

!25
|[[Mandvi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandvi (ST)]]
|Chaudhary Tusharbhai Amarsinhbhai
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|386,592
|59.95
|Mansinh Patel
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|213,210
|33.07
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|173,382
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|26.89
|-

!26
|[[Valsad Lok Sabha constituency|Bulsar (ST)]]
|Kishanbhai Vestabhai Patel
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: centre;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|321,769
|46.63
|Chaudhari Manibhai Ramjibhai
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|277,283
|40.19
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|44,486
!style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6.45
|-
|}

==Post-election Union Council of Ministers from Gujarat==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
!#
!Name
!Constituency
!Designation
!Department
!From
!To
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
!1
|Shankersinh Vaghela
|Kapadvanj
|Cabinet Minister
|Textiles
|23 May 2004
|22 May 2009
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!2
|Naranbhai Rathwa
|Chhota Udaipur (ST)
|Minister of State
|Railways
|23 May 2004
|22 May 2009
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
!3
|Dinsha Patel
|Kaira
|Minister of State
|Petroleum and Natural Gas
|29 January 2006
|22 May 2009
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

== Assembly segments wise lead of parties ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly segments
!Position in Assembly (as of 2002)
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
! [[Indian National Congress]]
|91
|51
|-
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|89
|127
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}"|
! [[Janata Dal (United)]]
|1
|1
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
! [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|1
|{{dash}}
|-
|bgcolor=#FAF8FA|
! Others
|{{dash}}
|3
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!colspan=2|182
|}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Commission of India]

{{Gujarat elections}}

[[Category:2004 Indian general election by state or union territory|Gujarat]]
[[Category: Indian general elections in Gujarat|2004]]
[[Category:2000s in Gujarat|2004]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]
{{India-election-stub}}

Leela Mahal Centre

2026-03-03T18:07:41Z

NydiaSilverman2: made some article w/ refs!

{{short description|2004 Indian Telugu-language film directed by Devi Prasad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Leela Mahal Centre
| image = Leela Mahal Center.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = Devi Prasad
| producer = CHS Mohan
| writer = Devi Prasad [[Satish Vegesna]] (dialogues)
| story = [[Saran (director)|Saran]]
| based_on = ''[[Amarkkalam]]'' (Tamil)
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Aryan Rajesh]]
*[[Sadha]]
}}
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| cinematography = Kantheti Shankar
| editing = Nandamuri Hari
| studio = Medha Media
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2004|12|4}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Leela Mahal Centre'''''{{efn|The film is alternately spelled ''Leela Mahal Center.''<ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28340239.ece|title=Chords & Notes|date=26 July 2004|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527153323/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28340239.ece|archive-date=27 May 2025|access-date=8 August 2025}}</ref>}} is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action film|action]] [[romance film|romance]] directed by Devi Prasad and starring [[Aryan Rajesh]] and [[Sadha]]. The film is a remake of the 1999 Tamil film ''[[Amarkkalam]]''.<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-leelamahalcenter.html|title=Leela Mahal Center - Telugu cinema Review - Aryan Rajesh, Sadaf - Devi Prasad|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Prabhu has a troubled childhood with divorced parents. His mother marries another man. Upset that he has to call his stepfather as his own father, he leaves his house at a young age. He grows up to be a thug who works at Leela Mahal Centre, a cinema theatre. GK, a former Mumbai-based don, who was sent to jail by his own friend, Sudheer. GK tells Prabhu to kidnap Anjali, a violinist. She is initially disturbed by Prabhu and starts to fall in love with him after Singhamalai tells Anjali about Prabhu's past life. A terrorist gang comes to kidnap Anjali as a bargain for their fellow friends in jail. How Prabhu fights the gang and saves Anjali form the rest of the story. It is revealed that Anjali is none other than GK's daughter. GK & Sudheer become friends again.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Aryan Rajesh]] as Prabhu
**[[Teja Sajja]] as young Prabhu
*[[Sadha]] as Anjali
*[[Atul Kulkarni]] as GK
*[[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Sudheer
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Singhamalai, Prabhu's right-hand man
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Leela Mahal Centre's manager
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Anjali's relative
*[[Krishna Bhagawan]] as Bujji
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Prabhu's friend
*[[M. S. Narayana]] as Leela Mahal Centre visitor
* Sheeba as Anjali's relative
*[[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Sudheer's wife
*Surekha Vani as Prabhu's mother
*[[Sameer Hasan]] as Prabhu's father
*[[Karate Kalyani]] as Manga
*[[Prudhvi Raj]] as Terrorist
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as GK's wife
*[[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] (cameo in song "Balamanemo")
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
The film is directed by Devi Prasad, who previously directed ''[[Aaduthu Paaduthu]]''.<ref name="B" /> The film got stuck in production before ultimately releasing in 2004.<ref name="B" /> [[Aryan Rajesh]], who plays the lead in the film was yet to reach the limelight prior to the film's release due to the box office failures of his previous films.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/waiting-for-his-turn/article28249907.ece|title=Waiting for his turn|date=20 July 2004|newspaper=The Hindu|first=G. Manjula|last=Kumar|accessdate=23 August 2020}}</ref> In 2004 prior to the release of ''[[Donga Dongadi]]'', [[Sadha]], who starred in ''[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]'', was yet to bag stardom in the Telugu film industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/future-tense/article28340597.ece|title=Future tense|date=27 July 2004|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=30 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130150000/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/future-tense/article28340597.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Leela Mahal Center
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2004
| recorded = 2004
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:51
| language = Telugu
| label = Surya Music
| producer = S. A. Rajkumar
| prev_title = [[Chatrapathy (2004 film)|Chatrapathy]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Cheppave Chirugali]]
| next_year = 2004
}}
The songs are composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]].<ref name="B" /> The songs "Babuji Zara Dheere Chalo" from ''[[Dum (2003 Hindi film)|Dum]]'' and "Mabbe Masakesindile" from ''[[Vayasu Pilichindi]]'' were combined for the song "Palamalaimu".<ref name="B" /> The lyrics were written by Suddala Ashokteja, Sai Sriharsha, and I.S. Murthy.<ref name="A"/> The song "Thummeda Rekkalanadugu" rendered by [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] is based on the Telugu poem of the same name.<ref name="A"/> In a review of the film's soundtrack, a critic from ''The Hindu'' stated that "A well-crafted (combined) effort by the composers and the lyricists ... gives music-loving Telugus some good compositions."<ref name="A"/> The song "O Hampy Bomma" is based on "Sangeetha Vanil" from ''[[Chinna Poove Mella Pesu]]''.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title_width =
| writing_width =
| music_width =
| lyrics_width =
| extra_width =
| title1 = Palamalaimu (Balamanemo)
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], Malini
| length1 = 4:18
| title2 = Chitti Chilakamma
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length2 = 3:04
| title3 = Thummeda
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length3 = 4:33
| title4 = O Hampy Bomma
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], Sujatha
| length4 = 3:44
| title5 = Chitti Chilakamma (Bit)
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Deepika
| length5 = 0:59
| title6 = Srimalle Puvvalle
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length6 = 4:50
| title7 = Paramapavani
| lyrics7 =
| extra7 = Kalpana
| length7 = 0:23
| total_length = 21:51
}}

== Reception and box office ==
''The Hindu'' wrote that "Aryan Rajesh performs the role with ease and Sada looks beautiful. Atul Kulkarni fares well".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gun power to love power - LIFE - The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/gun-power-to-love-power/article28677113.ece |date=4 December 2004|website=The Hindu|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703013430/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/gun-power-to-love-power/article28677113.ece |archive-date=3 July 2020 |access-date=}}</ref> ''Idlebrain'' gave the film a rating of three out of five and wrote that " Devi Prasad should be appreciated for making a decent film in spite of undue delays and obstacles that dogged the progress of this film".<ref name="B" />

Unlike Rajesh's previous films, this film was a success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/back-on-track/article28360372.ece|title=Back on track|date=December 13, 2004|work=The Hindu|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205201654/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/back-on-track/article28360372.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt1579799}}

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]

Karimedu Karuvayan

2026-03-03T05:08:31Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating some pg nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karimedu Karuvayan
| image = Karimedu Karuvayan.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Rama Narayanan]]
| writer = [[Gokula Krishnan]]
| producer = Kalyani Murugan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vijayakanth]]|[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]|[[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]]|[[Mucherla Aruna|Aruna]]}}
| cinematography = [[N. K. Viswanathan]]
| editing = Gowthaman
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = [[Sangili Murugan|Meenakshi Arts]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1986|1|14|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Karimedu Karuvayan''''' is a 1986 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by [[Rama Narayanan]] and written by [[Gokula Krishnan]]. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]], [[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]] and [[Mucherla Aruna|Aruna]]. It was released on 14 January 1986,<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref> and became an average success.<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=14 April 2021 |title=From screening reruns of old movies to converting their properties, how single-screen theatres survived the pandemic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-show-must-go-on/article34317564.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518161720/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-show-must-go-on/article34317564.ece |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthikeyan |first=D. |date=15 August 2011 |title=Climax to Thangam Theatre — it's razed down |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/climax-to-thangam-theatre-its-razed-down/article2358763.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415205214/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/climax-to-thangam-theatre-its-razed-down/article2358763.ece |archive-date=15 April 2018 |access-date=15 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=April 2023}}
A man named Karuvayan takes revenge on five people who killed his sister. He kills four as per his plan but gets caught by the police and is punished by the court with a death penalty. Shortly before his execution he escapes from prison and kills the last person. While fleeing from the village he is shot by the police and dies. His love interest Kaliammal also dies due to shock.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vijayakanth]] as Karuvayan
*[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Kaaliammal
*[[Pandiyan (actor)|Pandiyan]]
*[[Mucherla Aruna|Aruna]]
*[[Radha Ravi]]
*[[Y. Vijaya]]
*[[Goundamani]]
*[[M. N. Nambiar]]
*[[Senthamarai (actor)|Senthamarai]]
*[[P. S. Veerappa]]
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]]
*[[Senthil]]
*[[S. S. Chandran]]
*[[Sangili Murugan]]
*[[Ganeshkar|Master Ganesh]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2009 |title=Happily ever after |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2009/oct/31/happily-ever-after-99711.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815122814/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2009/oct/31/happily-ever-after-99711.html |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
*[[Pasi Sathya]]
*[[Sathyaraj]] in Guest role
}}

== Production ==
After the success of ''[[Malaiyoor Mambattiyan]]'' (1983), Tamil cinema started making numerous films based on outlaws, with ''Karimedu Karuvayan'' being one such.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |date=22 May 2017 |title=Why mafia flicks are K'wood's pet genre |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Why-mafia-flicks-are-Kwoods-pet-genre-22052017006022# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180516102535/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31807&articlexml=Why-mafia-flicks-are-Kwoods-pet-genre-22052017006022%23 |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=15 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It was based on the life history of bandit of same name who lived in Nagamalai and was encountered. The film was launched at Prasad Studios and the song "Karuvayan Kadhai Kelu" was recorded on the same day.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 April 1985 |title=கரிமேடு கருவாயன் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_181/4.jp2/full/1000,1363/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702100613/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_9_181/4.jp2/full/1000,1363/0/default.jpg |archive-date=2 July 2025 |access-date=2 July 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> The song "Kaatukulle Kadhal" was shot at Mettupalayam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 December 1985 |title=காட்டில் உலவிய காதல் கிளி |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_10_69/4.jp2/full/1000,1361/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709081636/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_10_69/4.jp2/full/1000,1361/0/default.jpg |archive-date=9 July 2025 |access-date=9 July 2025 |work=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karimedu Karuvaayan Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/karimedu-karuvaayan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023230554/https://mossymart.com/product/karimedu-karuvaayan-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1986 |title=Karimedu Karuvaayan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/fr/album/karimedu-karuvaayan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1605082592?l=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815122815/https://music.apple.com/fr/album/karimedu-karuvaayan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1605082592?l=en |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aha Silukku Thavani
| lyrics1 = [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]]
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[S. N. Surendar]]
| length1 = 4:42
| title2 = Katha Kelu
| lyrics2 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra2 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| length2 = 3:50
| title3 = Kattukulla Kadhal Kiliye
| lyrics3 = Vairamuthu
| extra3 = [[S. Janaki]]
| length3 = 4:29
| title4 = Thakkali Pazhampola
| lyrics4 = Thiruppathooran
| extra4 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length4 = 4:27
| title5 = Ulagam Suthuthada
| lyrics5 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra5 = Malaysia Vasudevan, [[Gangai Amaran]]
| length5 = 4:53
| title6 = Othaiyilla Kanni Ponnu
| lyrics6 = Gangai Amaran
| extra6 = [[Vani Jairam]]
| length6 = 4:39
| total_length = 27:00 
}}

== Critical reception ==
[[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said everyone in the film did well while also appreciating certain scenes and characters.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=2 February 1986 |title=கரிமேடு கருவாயன் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1986/feb/02-02-1986/p43.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220815130920/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1986/feb/02-02-1986/p43.jpg |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=15 August 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=43 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Rama Narayanan}}

[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]
[[Category:1986 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1980s vigilante films]]
[[Category:1985 action films]]
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rama Narayanan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=July 2025}}

Anil K. Jain (computer scientist, born 1948)

2026-02-23T08:36:35Z

NydiaSilverman2: Stub

{{Short description|Indian-American computer scientist (born 1948)}}
{{Distinguish|Anil K. Jain (electrical engineer, born 1946)}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Anil Kumar Jain
| image = AnilJainWiki.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Portrait of Anil K. Jain
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1948}}
| birth_place = Basti, [[India]]
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| discipline = [[Pattern recognition]], [[computer vision]], [[biometrics]]
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
* [[Michigan State University]]
* [[Wayne State University]]}}
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]]
* [[Ohio State University]]}}
| thesis_title = Some Aspects of Dimensionality and Sample Size Problems in Statistical Pattern Recognition
| thesis_year = 1973
| doctoral_advisor = Robert B. McGhee
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students = [[Xiaoming Liu]]
| known_for = [[Biometrics|Biometric recognition]], [[fingerprint recognition]], [[face recognition]], [[data clustering]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
* [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] (2024)
* Distinguished Alumni Award, [[IIT Kanpur]] (2017)
* Member, [[National Academy of Engineering]] (2016)
* Foreign Fellow, [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (2016)
* [[IAPR]] [[King-Sun Fu]] Prize (2008)
* [[IEEE]] [[W. Wallace McDowell Award]] (2007)
* [[IEEE Computer Society]] Technical Achievement Award (2003)
* [[IAPR]] Pierre Devijver Award (2002)
* [[Humboldt Research Award]] (2002)
* [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (2001)
* [[Fulbright Fellowship]] (1998)}}
| signature =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Anil Kumar Jain''' (born 1948<ref name=thesis>{{cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Anil Kumar |title=Some Aspects of Dimensionality and Sample Size Problems in Statistical Pattern Recognition |date=1973 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/302707270|id={{ProQuest|302707270}} }}</ref>) is an Indian-American [[computer scientist]] and University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at [[Michigan State University]]. He is one of the most highly cited researchers in computer science,<ref name="h-index">{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=g-_ZXGsAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao |title=Anil K. Jain, Michigan State University |website=[[Google Scholar]] |access-date=August 14, 2023}}</ref> and is internationally recognized for his foundational contributions to [[pattern recognition]], [[computer vision]], and [[Handwritten biometric recognition|biometric recognition]], particularly in [[fingerprint recognition]] and [[facial recognition system|face recognition]].<ref name="msu-homepage">[http://www.cse.msu.edu/~jain/ Anil K. Jain] homepage at Michigan State University. Accessed September 9, 2013.</ref><ref name="dblp">{{DBLP|name=Anil K. Jain}}</ref>

Jain is a member of the [[United States National Academy of Engineering]], a Foreign Member of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]], and a Foreign Fellow of the [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]]. He is a Fellow of the [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]], [[IEEE]], [[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]], [[IAPR]], and [[SPIE]]. His research has shaped the field of biometrics and has been applied in systems used worldwide for identity verification, law enforcement, and border security. In 2024, he was awarded the [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] in the category of Information and Communication Technologies.<ref name="bbva">[https://www.frontiersofknowledgeawards-fbbva.es/noticias/frontiers-of-knowledge-award-17th-edition-information-communication-technologies/ BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award 2024]</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Born in [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]], India, Jain received his [[Bachelor of Technology]] in electrical engineering from the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur]] in 1969. He then moved to the United States, where he earned his M.S. in 1970 and Ph.D. in 1973 from [[Ohio State University]].<ref name=thesis/> His doctoral dissertation, titled ''Some Aspects of Dimensionality and Sample Size Problems in Statistical Pattern Recognition'', was supervised by Robert B. McGhee and laid the groundwork for his subsequent research in pattern recognition.

== Career ==
Jain began his academic career at [[Wayne State University]], where he taught from 1972 to 1974. In 1974, he joined the faculty of [[Michigan State University]], where he has remained for over five decades and currently holds the position of University Distinguished Professor.<ref name="msu-homepage"/>

Throughout his career, Jain has conducted pioneering research in data clustering, fingerprint recognition, and face recognition. His work has been published in leading scientific journals including ''[[Scientific American]]'', ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'', ''[[IEEE Spectrum]]'', and ''[[MIT Technology Review]]''. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the ''[[IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]]'' from 1991 to 1994.<ref name="egr-profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.egr.msu.edu/people/profile/jain |title=Anil Jain |website=Michigan State University College of Engineering}}</ref>

Jain has also contributed to national security and policy through his service on several advisory bodies. He served as a member of the [[National Academies (United States)|U.S. National Academies]] panels on ''Information Technology'', ''Whither Biometrics'', and ''Improvised Explosive Devices'' (IED). He has also served on the [[Defense Science Board]], the Forensic Science Standards Board, and the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]] Latent Fingerprint Working Group.<ref name="msu-homepage"/>

In 2014, Jain was named Innovator of the Year at Michigan State University for transferring several technologies on face and fingerprint recognition to major players in the biometrics industry.<ref name="egr-profile"/> He holds eight U.S. and Korean patents related to biometric technologies.<ref name="egr-profile"/>

== Research contributions ==
Jain's research spans pattern recognition, computer vision, machine learning, and biometric recognition. His contributions have been particularly influential in several areas:

=== Biometric recognition ===
Jain is considered one of the foremost authorities on biometric recognition systems. His research group at Michigan State University has developed algorithms and systems for fingerprint, face, and iris recognition that have been widely adopted in both academic research and commercial applications. His work on fingerprint matching algorithms has been instrumental in establishing standards for automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) used by law enforcement agencies worldwide.

In recent years, Jain and his research team have made significant advances in child fingerprint recognition, demonstrating that digital scans of a young child's fingerprint can be correctly recognized one year later with over 99 percent accuracy for children as young as six months old. This research has important implications for child identification in developing countries, where it can be used to track immunization records and provide access to medical care.<ref name="expertfile">{{cite web |url=https://expertfile.com/experts/anil.jain/anil-jain |title=Anil Jain - View Profile & Connect |website=ExpertFile |publisher=Michigan State University}}</ref>

=== Data clustering ===
Jain's survey article "Data clustering: a review" (1999), co-authored with M. N. Murty and P. J. Flynn, is one of the most highly cited papers in computer science. His 2010 paper "Data Clustering: 50 Years Beyond K-Means" provided a comprehensive overview of the evolution of clustering methods and remains an essential reference in the field.

=== Statistical pattern recognition ===
Jain's work on statistical pattern recognition, including his influential survey "Statistical pattern recognition: A review" (2000) with R. P. W. Duin and [[Jianchang Mao]], has shaped the theoretical foundations of the field.

== Citation metrics and academic impact ==
Jain is among the most highly cited researchers in computer science. Based on his [[Google Scholar]] profile, he had an [[h-index|''h''-index]] of 200 in 2020, which was the highest among computer scientists identified in a survey published by [[UCLA]] at the time.<ref>Palsberg, Jens, [http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~palsberg/h-number.html The h index for computer science], [[UCLA]] Dept. of [[Computer Science]], January 20, 2020. Accessed May 3, 2023.</ref> As of August 2023, his ''h''-index on Google Scholar is 211.<ref name="h-index"/> He has since been surpassed by [[Yoshua Bengio]], a researcher of similar subjects ([[neural network]]s and [[deep learning]] for [[artificial intelligence]]), who had an ''h''-index of 224 as of August 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=kukA0LcAAAAJ |title=Yoshua Bengio, Professor of computer science, University of Montreal, Mila, IVADO, CIFAR |website=[[Google Scholar]] |access-date=August 14, 2023}}</ref>

Another source reported that as of December 2022, he had the highest discipline [[h-index|''h''-index]] (D-index) in computer science.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://research.com/scientists-rankings/computer-science | title=World's Best Computer Science Scientists: H-Index Computer Science Ranking 2023 |website=Research.com |date=December 21, 2022}}</ref>

== Honors and awards ==
Jain has received numerous awards and honors recognizing his contributions to computer science and engineering:

=== Academy memberships ===
* Member, [[United States National Academy of Engineering]] (2016) — elected "for contributions to the engineering and practice of biometrics"
* Foreign Fellow, [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (2016)
* Foreign Member, [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5030259|title=Elected Members of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019}}</ref>
* Member, [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (2019)
* Fellow, [[National Academy of Inventors]]

=== Professional society fellowships ===
* Fellow, [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]
* Fellow, [[IEEE]] (1988) — for contributions to image processing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.comsoc.org/membership/ieee-fellows/1988|title = IEEE Fellows 1988 | IEEE Communications Society}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]]<ref>{{cite web|title=AAAS Fellows|url=http://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AnnualReports/2005/2005_2225_Fellows.pdf|website=AAAS.org|publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate=March 13, 2015}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[IAPR|International Association for Pattern Recognition]]
* Fellow, [[SPIE]]

=== Major awards ===
* [[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]] in Information and Communication Technologies (2024)<ref name="bbva"/>
* [[IAPR]] [[King-Sun Fu]] Prize (2008)
* [[IEEE]] [[W. Wallace McDowell Award]] (2007) — the highest technical honor awarded by the [[IEEE Computer Society]], for pioneering contributions to theory, technique, and practice of pattern recognition, computer vision, and biometric recognition systems
* [[IEEE Computer Society]] Technical Achievement Award (2003)
* [[IAPR]] Pierre Devijver Award (2002)
* [[Humboldt Research Award]] (2002)
* [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (2001)
* [[Fulbright Fellowship]] (1998)
* IEEE ICDM Research Contribution Award (2008)

=== Best paper awards ===
* ''IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks'' (1996)
* ''Pattern Recognition'' journal (1987, 1991, 2005)

=== Honorary doctorates ===
* [[Universidad Autónoma de Madrid]] (2018)
* [[Hong Kong University of Science and Technology]] (2021)

== Legacy and endowments ==
Two endowed funds have been established in Jain's honor at Michigan State University, recognizing his lasting impact on the field and the university.

In 2015, a former visiting scholar from Jain's laboratory made an anonymous $400,000 gift to create the '''Anil K. Jain Endowed Graduate Fellowship''', which supports doctoral-level research in pattern recognition, computer vision, and biometric recognition.<ref>{{cite press release |title=$400,000 from Former Student Launches the Anil K. Jain Endowed Graduate Fellowship at the Michigan State University College of Engineering |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150602005393/en/400000-from-Former-Student-Launches-the-Anil-K.-Jain-Endowed-Graduate-Fellowship-at-the-Michigan-State-University-College-of-Engineering |publisher=Business Wire |date=June 2, 2015 |access-date=January 21, 2026}}</ref>

In 2022, the '''Anil K. and Nandita K. Jain Endowed Professorship''' was established through $1 million in contributions from multiple donors, including a substantial gift from the Jain family, to support faculty recruitment and retention in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering.<ref>{{cite web |title=$1 million endowed professorship honors Anil and Nandita Jain |url=https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2022/07/1-million-endowed-professorship-honors-Anil-and-Nandita-Jain |website=MSUToday |publisher=Michigan State University |date=July 26, 2022 |access-date=January 21, 2026}}</ref>

== Selected publications ==

=== Books ===
* 1988. ''Algorithms For Clustering Data''. With Richard C. Dubes. [[Prentice Hall]].
* 1993. ''Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications''. With [[Rama Chellappa]] eds. [[Academic Press]].
* 1999. ''Biometrics: Personal Identification in Networked Society''. With Ruud M. Bolle and Sharath Pankanti eds. [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]].
* 2003. ''Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition''. (2nd edition 2009). With D. Maio, D. Maltoni, S. Prabhakar. Springer.
* 2005. ''Handbook of Face Recognition''. (2nd edition 2011). With S. Z. Li ed. Springer.
* 2006. ''Handbook of Multibiometrics''. With A. Ross and K. Nandakumar. Springer.
* 2007. ''Handbook of Biometrics''. With P. Flynn and A. Ross eds. Springer.
* 2011. ''Introduction to Biometrics''. With A. Ross and K. Nandakumar. Springer.
* 2015. ''Encyclopedia of Biometrics'' (Second Edition). With Stan Li. Springer.

=== Research articles ===
* Cross, George R. and Anil K. Jain. "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4767341/ Markov random field texture models]". ''[[IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence]]'' (1983): 25–39.
* Jain, Anil K., and Farshid Farrokhnia. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140308065919/http://cs.iupui.edu/~tuceryan/pdf-repository/Jain1990.pdf Unsupervised texture segmentation using Gabor filters]". ''Pattern Recognition'' 24.12 (1991): 1167–1186.
* Jain, Anil K., and Douglas Zongker. "[https://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse802/Papers/JainZongker_FeatureSelectionSmallSamplePerformance.pdf Feature selection: Evaluation, application, and small sample performance]". ''IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence'', 19.2 (1997): 153–158.
* Jain, Anil K., L. Hong, S. Pankanti, R. Bolle. "[http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Fingerprint/JainEtAlIdentityAuthUsingFp_ProcIEEE97.pdf An Identity-Authentication System using Fingerprints]". ''Proceedings of the IEEE'', 85.9 (1997): 1365–1388.
* Hsu, Rein-Lien, Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb, and Anil K. Jain. "[http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Face/HsuMottalebJain_FaceDetection_PAMI02.pdf Face detection in color images]". ''IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence'', 24.5 (2002): 696–706.
* Figueiredo, Mario A.T. and Anil K. Jain. "[http://www.lx.it.pt/~mtf/IEEE_TPAMI_2002.pdf Unsupervised learning of finite mixture models]". ''IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence'', 24.3 (2002): 381–396.

=== Survey articles ===
* A. K. Jain, [[Jianchang Mao|J. Mao]], and M. Mohiuddin. "[http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~abdrahim/mitm613/Jain1996_ANN%20-%20A%20Tutorial.pdf Artificial Neural Networks: A Tutorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809234634/http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~abdrahim/mitm613/Jain1996_ANN%20-%20A%20Tutorial.pdf |date=2017-08-09 }}". ''IEEE Computer'', Vol. 29.3 (1996), 31–44.
* Jain, Anil K., M. Narasimha Murty, and Patrick J. Flynn. "[http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/273/1/p264-jain.pdf Data clustering: a review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903085107/http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/273/1/p264-jain.pdf |date=2013-09-03 }}". ''[[ACM Computing Surveys]]'' (CSUR) 31.3 (1999): 264–323.
* Jain, Anil K., Robert P. W. Duin, and [[Jianchang Mao]]. "[http://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse802/Papers/JainDuinMao_StatisticalPatternRecognition.pdf Statistical pattern recognition: A review]". ''IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence'', 22.1 (2000): 4–37.
* Jain, Anil K., Arun Ross, and Salil Prabhakar. "[http://www.cse.msu.edu/~rossarun/BiometricsTextBook/Papers/Introduction/JainRossPrabhakar_BiometricIntro_CSVT04.pdf An Introduction to Biometric Recognition]". ''IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology'', 14.1 (2004): 4–20.
* Jain, Anil K. "[https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v449/n7158/full/449038a.html Biometric Recognition: Q & A]". ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'', Vol. 449, pp. 38–40, Sept. 2007.
* Jain, Anil K. "[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167865509002323 Data Clustering: 50 Years Beyond K-Means]". ''[[Pattern Recognition Letters]]'', Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 651–666, June 2010.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.cse.msu.edu/~jain/ Anil K. Jain] homepage at Michigan State University
* [http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/ Biometrics] research group at Michigan State University
* {{Google Scholar|g-_ZXGsAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Anil K.}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Computer vision researchers]]
[[Category:Machine learning researchers]]
[[Category:Biometrics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Fellows of SPIE]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
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Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School

2026-02-21T09:43:00Z

NydiaSilverman2: Created - done

{{short description|Senior secondary boys' school in West Bengal, India}}
{{Redirect|BRKMAHS|other uses|RKM (disambiguation){{!}}RKM}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
| image = Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Clockwise from top left: Main entrance of school, main academic building of secondary section, statue of [[Sister Nivedita]], statue of [[Swami Vivekananda]]
| motto = {{Lang|sa-Latn|[[Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha]]}}
| motto_translation = For the salvation of our individual self and for the well-being of all on earth
| address = 37, Gopal Lal Tagore Road, [[Baranagar]]
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 700036
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|22|38|04.20|N|88|22|13.57|E|type:edu_region:IN|display=title,inline}}
| type = Private ([[Higher secondary]])
| status = Active
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| established = {{Start date and age|1912|04|20|df=yes}}
| closed =
| founder = Yogindranath Tagore
| former_name = Brahmananda Balakashrama {{small|(1912–1924)}}
| sister_school = Ramakrishna Mission Centenary Primary School, Baranagore {{small|(Estd. 1897)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://brkmacps.blogspot.com/p/about-us_9.html?m=1|title=RAMAKRISHNA MISSION CENTENARY PRIMARY SCHOOL, BARANAGAR|access-date=2 May 2018}}</ref>
| school_board = {{hlist|[[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education|WBBSE]]|[[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education|WBCHSE]]}}
| campus_type = Urban
| director = Swami Purnagyanananda {{small|(Secretary)}}<ref name="headmaster">{{cite web|url=https://www.rkmabaranagore.org/|title=RAMAKRISHNA MISSION ASHRAMA BARANAGORE|publisher=Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (H.S.)|date=11 February 2021|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506155447/https://www.rkmabaranagore.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| headmaster = Swami Suratmananda<ref name="headmaster"/>
| head_teacher = Swami Suratmananda {{small|( Headmaster)}} Swami Gatabhayananda {{small|(Assistant Headmaster)}}
| grades = V–XII
| gender = Male
| age_range = 10+ to 18+
| session = January–December {{small|(V – X)}}<hr/>June–May {{small|(XI – XII)}}
| enrolment = 1100<ref name=BRKM/>
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| district = [[North 24 Parganas]]
| colours = White and Grey{{color box|white}}{{color box|grey}} {{small|(V – X)}}<hr/>Blue and Grey{{color box|LightSkyBlue}}{{color box|grey}} {{small|(XI – XII)}}
| song = ''Om Sahana Bhabatu'' ''[[Jana Gana Mana]]''
| nickname = BRKMAHS
| yearbook = ''Rashmi'' (''রশ্মি'')
| schedule = Monday – Friday: 
10:40 am – 4:30 pm<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/boy-battles-brain-tumour-to-best-exam/cid/1503363|title=''Boy battles brain tumour to best exam''|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Jhinuk|date=21 June 2016|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> {{small|(V – X)}} 10:40 am – 3:50 pm {{small|(XI – XII)}}<hr/>Saturday: 10:40am – 1:55pm {{small|(V – X)}}
| hours_in_day = Monday – Friday: 5–6 hrs<hr/>Saturday: 3–4 hrs
| houses = Sarada Bhawan Nivedita Bhawan<ref name=NiveditaBhawan/>
| sports = [[Cricket]], [[Association football|Football]]
| alumni = [[#Notable alumni|See below]]
| authority = Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagore
| school_code = B1-019 {{small|(WBBSE)}}<ref name=WBBSE/> 03691<hr/>{{small|(WBCHSE)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rkmahsb.blogspot.com/2018/?m=1|title=Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (H. S.)|publisher=rkmahsb.blogspot.com|date=14 November 2018|access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbchse.nic.in/admin/school_list.php|title=List of ''West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education'' affiliated schools|access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>
| schedule_type = [[Day school|Day]]
| campus_size = 3 acres (121,359 m2)<ref name="Baranagore RKM"/>
| student_union = [http://www.brkmreunion.org/ BRKMAHS Ex-students Reunion Celebration Committee]
| website = {{URL|https://www.rkmabaranagore.org}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}

'''Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (H.S.)'''{{efn|Official name of the school, including "(H. S.)", since 14 May 2018.}} ('''BRKMAHS''') is a [[senior secondary]] [[boys' school|boys']] school in [[Baranagar]], [[Kolkata]], India and a branch centre of [[Belur Math|Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rkmabaranagore.org/|title=Home|website=Ramakrishna Mission|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506155447/https://www.rkmabaranagore.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rkmabaranagore.org/about-us | title=About }}</ref> The school was founded in 1912,<ref name=BRKM/> and is located at the northern outskirt of [[Kolkata]], on the banks of the river [[Ganges|Ganga]]. The school is run by the Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama Authority under the umbrella of [[Ramakrishna Mission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rkmathharipad.org/our-order/other-branch-centres/|title=Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math Branch Centres|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rkmvm.com/branchesindia.htm|title=Ramakrishna Math and Mission Branches In India|access-date=6 January 2019|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417225200/http://www.rkmvm.com/branchesindia.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vedantabrisbane.org/world-centres/#WB|title=''World Centres – Vivekananda Brisbane''|publisher=Vedanta Centre of Sydney|website=vedantabrisbane.org|date=8 December 2015|access-date=2 December 2019}}</ref> headquartered at [[Belur Math]].<ref name=BRKM>{{cite web|url=https://belurmath.org/ramakrishna-mission-ashrama-baranagar-kolkata/|title=Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagar, Kolkata|access-date=13 June 2018}}</ref> Based on its performance of the students in the [[Tenth grade#India|Xth standard]] board examination, the school is considered one of the very best schools in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/district-schools-outshine-usual-top-scoring-government-institutes-in-kolkata/articleshow/64487893.cms|title=''District schools outshine usual top-scoring government Institutes in Kolkata''|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=TNN|date=7 June 2018|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="2012 HS">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/board-exams/bengal-higher-secondary-toppers-deny-school-credit/articleshow/13831227.cms|title=''Bengal higher secondary toppers deny school credit''|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=TNN|date=5 June 2012|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/madhyamik-hands-city-token-presence-on-merit-list/cid/894957|title=''MADHYAMIK HANDS CITY TOKEN PRESENCE ON MERIT LIST''|last=Mukherjee|first=Mita|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=29 June 2000|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/toppers-at-home-with-ray-and-horror-tales/cid/920892|title=TOPPERS AT HOME WITH RAY AND HORROR TALES|author=|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=25 June 1999|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/persecuted-mission-schools-score-high/cid/920866|title=''PERSECUTED MISSION SCHOOLS SCORE HIGH''|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|author=|date=25 June 1999|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-madhyamik-has-a-small-syllabus-and-it-s-not-difficulty-says-class-x-kolkata-topper-sarthak-talukdar-2622604|title=''Madhyamik has a small syllabus and it's not difficult, says Class X Kolkata topper Sarthak Talukdar''|publisher=[[DNA India]]|website=dnaindia.com|last=Ali|first=Arshad|date=6 June 2018|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> [[Department of Tourism (West Bengal)]] listed it as one of the tourist spots of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wbtourismgov.in/home/search?q=Baranagar&sitesearch=http%3A%2F%2Fwbtourismgov.in%2F&client=pub-6169537368495656&forid=1&ie=ISO-8859-1&oe=ISO-8859-1&cof=GALT%3A%23008000%3BGL%3A1%3BDIV%3A%23336699%3BVLC%3A663399%3BAH%3Acenter%3BBGC%3AFFFFFF%3BLBGC%3A336699%3BALC%3A0000FF%3BLC%3A0000FF%3BT%3A000000%3BGFNT%3A0000FF%3BGIMP%3A0000FF%3BFORID%3A1&hl=en&sa=&csrf_name=84ed729bf5036c58b1c998658f9ac594|title=Tourist attractions in West Bengal|publisher=[[Department of Tourism (West Bengal)|Department of Tourism Government of West Bengal]]|website=wbtourismgov.in|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref>

==Emblem==
[[File:Emblem-Ramakrishna-Mission-Transparent.png|thumb|200px|Emblem of BRKMAHS]]
Designed and explained by [[Swami Vivekananda]] in his own words:<ref>{{cite book |last=Vivekananda |first=Swami |author-link=Swami Vivekananda |title=The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda |publisher=[[Advaita Ashrama]] |volume=7 |chapter=Conversations And Dialogues ~ XVI |url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_7/Conversations_And_Dialogues/XVI}}</ref>
:''The wavy waters in the picture are symbolic of Karma; the lotus, of Bhakti; and the rising-sun, of Jnana. The encircling serpent is indicative of Yoga and the awakened Kundalini Shakti, while the swan in the picture stands for Paramatman (Supreme Self). Therefore, the idea of the picture is that by the union of Karma, Jnana, Bhakti and Yoga, the vision of Paramatman is obtained.''

==Establishment==
The "Brahmananda Ramakrishna Mission" of the twentieth century is today's "Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama". Then the twentieth century was in its childhood – the great hero and saint Vivekananda had elevated himself like a phoenix from the ashes – his divine preaching had enchanted the young mind. India was then under the British bondage. The [[Government of United Kingdom|British Government]] had already issued the order, of [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|partition of Bengal]] in accordance with the divide and rule policy of [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|The Lord Curzon]]. The air was being rented with the melodies of [[Rabindranath Tagore|Rabindranath]] "[[Banglar Mati Banglar Jol]]" Bengal became turbulent and agitated like "[[Nataraja|Nataraj]]" with the waves of anti-partition movement and this turbulence had given birth to a number of brave dreamers who were inspired by the paradigm of Swami Vivekananda. [[Yogindnanata Tagore]], a disciple of [[Swami Brahmananda]] (Rakhal Maharaj) – a brave soldier of the anti-British movement and an active member of [[Anushilan Samiti]], set up an orphanage in the name of his preceptor at the house of Panjas at Alambazar in [[North Kolkata]]. In 1912 on the pious day of [[Akshaya Tritiya]], the organisation started its journey with the name "Brahmananda Balakashrama".

== History ==
===1912–2018===
Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School has become an embodiment of the ideology 'service and welfare through education', since its initiation in 1912, on the auspicious day of Akshaya Tritiya. Since then, through selflessness and service to the mankind, this organization so successfully caters the spiritual genre, convened by Lord [[Ramakrishna|Sri Ramakrishna]], in every possible way.

The foundation stone of this ashrama, as a "Brahmananda Balakashrama", was laid by Sri Yogindranath Tagore, an eminent freedom-fighter and disciple of Srimat Swami Brahmanandaji Maharaj, the first president of Ramakrishna Order. Later it was shifted into a one storied building adjacent to [[Kripamayee Kali Temple|Jaikrishna Mitra Kalibari]] at Kutighat in the name of, "Baranagar Ramakrishna Ashrama for Orphan". Then, in 1924 the Ashrama was acquired by [[Belur Math]] as a branch centre and hence, renamed as "Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagore". On 20 February 1928, by the patronage of the late zaminders of Narali, [[Jessore]], the Ashrama procured a land of 8 bighas and 8 chhatak beside Gopal Lal Tagore Road. It was the same Akshaya Tritiya on 11 May 1929 the Ashrama was shifted to the plot.

The primary school, set up in the Ashrama premises in 1934, was sequentially upgraded to upper primary and then to lower secondary section in the year 1952. The multifaceted upper secondary wing of the institution was inaugurated in 1954 and it, henceforth, got the recognition of '[[Madhyamik Pariksha|Madhyamik]]' (Secondary).

11 May 1998, on the auspicious [[Buddha's Birthday|Buddha Purnima]], a parallel primary wing of the institution (from Class I to Class IV) was incepted under the jurisdiction of Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math. This new segment was named "Ramakrishna Mission Centenary Primary School, Baranagore" and was inaugurated by Revered Srimat [[Swami Lokeshwarananda]]ji on the occasion of 'Centenary Celebration'.<ref name="Baranagore RKM">{{Cite web |title=About Us |author= |website=Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama Baranagore |date= |access-date=9 August 2021 |url= https://www.rkmbaranagore.org/about-us}}</ref>

===2018–Present===
[[File:Inauguration of Nivedita Bhawan, BRKM, May 2018.jpg|thumb|Inauguration of the higher secondary section school building "Nivedita Bhawan" in 2018]]
After a prolonged yet rigorous effort of 42 years, this institution has been elevated to the Higher Secondary level in 2018 and education is being imparted through Bengali and English medium in this section. The first batch of Higher Secondary has come out of the school with flying colours in the pandemic-hit year of 2020.<ref name=HS>{{cite web|url=http://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-higher-secondary-course-baranagar-june-2018-1929|title=Inauguration of Higher Secondary Course in BRKM|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref>

==Campus==
{{multiple image|perrow=1/2/2/2/1|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| image1 = BRKM annual festival 4.jpg|caption1=Top view of BRKM campus during annual festival in 2018
| image2 = Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) statue at Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School campus ind India at winter 2021.jpg|caption2=Statue of [[Swami Vivekananda]] at BRKM campus
| image3 = Sarada Bhawan at BRKM.jpg|caption3=Sarada Bhawan prayer hall
| image4 = Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School, 2021.jpg|caption4=Main academic building of secondary section
| image5 = BRKM annual festival 5.jpg|caption5=Temple at BRKM campus
| image6 = BRkM-2.jpg|caption6=Open air corridor in front of the primary section building
| image7 = BRkM-1.jpg|caption7=Monk's quarters
| image8 = Inauguration of Relievo of Sri Ramakrishna's Monastic Disciples- Baranagar Mission.jpg|caption8=Fibreglass relievo of Sri Ramakrishna's Monastic Disciples
}}
Ashrama has a large and green campus. It contains a primary school section, secondary and higher secondary school section, libraries, three free coaching centres, a charitable homeopathic dispensary, a mobile medical unit, prayer hall, a temple, monk's quarters and playgrounds.<ref name=BRKM/> A fibreglass [[Wikt:relievo|relievo]] (17 ft x 22 ft) of [[Disciples of Ramakrishna|Sri Ramakrishna's Monastic Disciples]] was inaugurated in Ramakrishna Mission Baranagar by Revered Swami Shivamayananda ji Maharaj on 15 March 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-a-relievo-of-sri-ramakrishnas-monastic-disciples-baranagar-7174/|title=Inauguration Of A Relievo Of Sri Ramakrishna's Monastic Disciples: Baranagar|publisher=belurmath.org|date=26 March 2021|access-date=6 May 2021}}</ref> On 6 October 2023, the showroom-cum-sales Counter at Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagar was inaugurated by Swami Suvirananda ji, General Secretary, Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-showroom-cum-sales-counter-baranagar-mission-10600/|title=Inauguration Of Showroom-Cum-Sales Counter : Baranagar Mission|publisher=belurmath.org|date=7 October 2023|access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Secondary section===
[[File:BRKM secondary section corridor.jpg|thumb|upright|Corridor of secondary section building of school]]
There are two secondary section buildings in the school campus, one for classes (V – VIII) and the other for classes (IX – X). There are five sections in each of the classes from V – VIII and in IX and X there are four sections each.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rkmahsb.blogspot.com/2016/07/?m=1|title=''Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (H. S.)''|date=9 July 2016|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>

===Higher secondary section===
[[File:BRKM Nivedita Bhawan.jpg|thumb|upright|Nivedita Bhawan]]
There is one higher secondary section building in school campus for classes XI and XII. The building is named "Nivedita Bhawan" which was inaugurated by Swami Suhitananda ji maharaj on 14 May 2018.<ref name=NiveditaBhawan>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-nivedita-bhavan-baranagar-may-2018-1900|title=Inauguration Of Nivedita Bhavan, Baranagar RKM|date=24 January 2020|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="BRKMHS">{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/inauguration-of-higher-secondary-course-baranagar-june-2018-1929/|title=Inauguration of Higher Secondary course, Baranagar RKM, June 2018|website=belurmath.org|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=24 January 2020|accessdate=6 September 2021}}</ref>

==Affiliations==
Secondary section (V – X) is affiliated by [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]]<ref name=WBBSE>{{cite web |title=Affiliated Schools of West Bengal Board of secondary Education |url=http://wbbse.org/sn24pgs.htm |access-date=26 May 2021 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424055845/http://wbbse.org/sn24pgs.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and higher secondary section (XI – XII) is affiliated by [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education]].<ref name=HS/><ref name="Baranagore RKM"/>

==Academics==
[[File:Inauguration of Higher Secondary course at Ramakrishna Mission, Baranagar, June 2018 A.jpg|thumb|Swami Suvirananda's speech at the inauguration programme, [[Saugata Roy]] (right) was a chief guest]]
BRKMAHS started the Higher Secondary course, in commemoration of the 125th Anniversary of Swami Vivekananda's historic speech in the World Parliament of Religions at [[Chicago]]. Swami Suvirananda, General Secretary, Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission, inaugurated the course in a programme at the Ashrama premises on 22 June 2018 evening.<ref name="BRKMHS"/>
[[File:BRKM Computer lab.jpg|thumb|upright|Computer laboratory of higher secondary school of school]]
{{As of|2021}}, the curriculum of higher secondary section, affiliated by [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education|WBCHSE]], consisted of Arts and Science streams.<ref name="Baranagore RKM"/>

==Organisation structure==
{{Infobox official post
| post = Headmaster
| body = Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
| native_name =
| flag =
| flagsize =
| flagcaption =
| insignia =
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption =
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| residence = Ramakrishna Bhawan
| appointer = [[Belur Math]]
| style =
| image =
| imagesize = 100px
| incumbent = Swami Suratmananda
| incumbentsince = 2024
| formation =
| inaugural = Swami Umananda
| deputy = Assistant headmaster of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
| precursor =
| salary =
| website = https://www.rkmabaranagore.org/
| status = Head of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
| Blogspot =
}}

List of headmasters of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School according to their working period:

{| class="toccolours" style="float; margin-left:1em; font-size:100%; background:#ffc; color:black; width:30em; max-width:25%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
! style="background:#ccc;"| List of headmasters of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
* Swami Umananda
* Swami Ramananda
* Swami Jayananda
* Swami Girutmananda
* Swami Biswanathananda
* Swami Bidhanananda
* Swami Sukhananda, {{small|2003–2010}}
* Swami Gyanalokananda, {{small|2010–2011}}
* Swami Kalyaneshananda, {{small|2011–2014}}
* Swami Dharmapriyananda, {{small|2014–2020}}
* Swami Mahamritananda, {{small|2020–2024}}
* Swami Suratmananda, 2024–Present
* <hr />Swami Tathagatananda was the head during the period 1975 – February 1977.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vedantany.org/resident-swamis/tag/swami-tathagatananda|title=''Swami Tathagatananda''|publisher=[[Vedanta Society of New York]]|last=Swami|first=Resident|date=15 January 2011|access-date=3 December 2019|archive-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203132422/http://www.vedantany.org/resident-swamis/tag/swami-tathagatananda|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==Student life==
===Academic===
Students are highly influenced by the faith and philosophy of Ramakrishna at this school. Former student [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] said:
{{blockquote|In our school, we used to have a special class on religion, and we weren't a big fan of the class. Whenever we got an opportunity, we would bunk classes. But one particular lesson in that class moved me to the core and changed my whole perception about religion. It can be anything and any philosophy.<ref name=Shibu/>}}
Former [[cricket]]er [[Sourav Ganguly]] said:
{{blockquote|I like the atmosphere of Ramakrishna Mission schools. There is an opportunity here for you to excel in both sports and studies. You should avail yourselves of these facilities and put your best foot forward.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/maharaja-s-welcome/cid/1264220|title=''MAHARAJA'S WELCOME''|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|website=telegraphindia.com|date=10 March 2009|access-date=14 February 2025}}</ref>}}

===Social activities===
====Swachh Bharat Mission====
[[File:Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, July 2016(3).jpg|thumb|Swachh Bharat Mission]]
BRKMAHS arranged an intensive cleaning programme [[Swachh Bharat Mission]] in the neighbouring locality on 30 June 2016, in accordance with the instruction given by the headquarters Belur Math. More than 600 students of standards VIII, IX and X actively participated in the programme under the guidance of monastic members and brahmacharies of the Ashrama and almost all the teaching and non-teaching staff of the high school.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-baranagar-july-2016-761|title=Swachha Bharat Abhiyan, Baranagar|date=31 July 2018|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>

====COVID-19 relief services====
[[File:Baranagar Mission- COVID-19 Relief Services.jpg|thumb|Distribution of masks during COVID-19 pandemic]]
BRKM is continuing the relief services to the families affected by the lockdown due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/covid-19-pandemic-relief-services-by-ramakrishna-mission-baranagar-6026/|title=COVID-19 Pandemic Relief Services By Ramakrishna Mission, Baranagar|date=21 April 2020|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref>

Ex-students of BRKMAHS (2010 Madhyamik batch) organised a COVID relief fund and delivered much-needed [[oxygen]], food, and necessary things to [[COVID-19]] affected patients and their families of [[Baranagar]] and neighborhood areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://epaper.sangbadpratidin.in/epaper/edition/2740/sangbad-pratidin-24-05-21/page/2|title=আক্রান্তদের পাশে বরানগর রামকৃষ্ণ মিশন প্রাক্তনীরা|publisher=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]|language=bn|date=24 May 2021|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref>

====Amphan relief services====
[[File:Baranagar Mission- Amphan Cyclone Relief Services(7).jpg|thumb|Distribution of foods after Amphan cyclone]]
BRKM started [[Cyclone Amphan|Amphan]] cyclone relief services to aid families affected by the Cyclone Amphan which wreaked havoc on 20 May 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/baranagar-mission-amphan-cyclone-relief-services-6545/|title=Baranagar Mission: Amphan Cyclone Relief Services|date=13 June 2020|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref>

====Others====
[[File:Blankets distribution- Baranagar Mission, Nov '21 - Jan '22 - 51861035638.jpg|thumb|Distribution of blankets at school's sport ground Nivedita Krirangan in January 2022]]
BRKM distributed 500 blankets from 14 November 2021 to 9 January 2022 in [[Baranagar]], [[Dakshineshwar]] and Harit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/blankets-distribution-baranagar-mission-nov-21-jan-22-8224/|title=Blankets Distribution: Baranagar Mission, Nov '21 – Jan '22|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=12 March 2022}}</ref> BRKM conducted eye camps at Harit on 7 August and 18 September 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/eye-camp-baranagar-mission-august-2022-8986/|title=Eye Camp: Baranagar Mission, August 2022|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=22 August 2022|accessdate=20 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/eye-camp-baranagar-mission-september-2022-9087/|title=Eye Camp: Baranagar Mission, September 2022|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=28 September 2022|accessdate=20 December 2022}}</ref> BRKM organized a distress relief work in December 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/distress-relief-baranagar-mission-december-2023-10965/|title=Distress Relief : Baranagar Mission, December 2023|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=29 December 2023|accessdate=2 February 2025}}</ref> BRKM organized youth activities from April to July in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/youth-activities-baranagar-mission-february-july-2024-12584/|title=Youth Activities: Baranagar Mission, February – July 2024|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=3 August 2024|accessdate=15 February 2025}}</ref> BRKM conducted a winter relief initiative from October 2024 to January 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/winter-relief-baranagar-mission-oct-2024-jan-2025-14689/|title=Winter Relief: Baranagar Mission, Oct 2024 – Jan 2025|publisher=[[Belur Math]]|date=13 February 2025|accessdate=15 February 2025}}</ref>

===Cultural activities===
{{multiple image|total_width=300|caption_align=center
| image1 = Saraswati puja at BRKM.jpg|caption1=[[Saraswati Puja]] at BRKM in 2019
| image2 = BRKM Independence day 2019.jpg|caption2=[[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] celebration at school premises in 2019
}}
Following cultural festivals and activities are held at school premises & Nivedita Krirangan in a befitting manner by the students of school in every year:
* [[National Youth Day (India)|National Youth Day]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.epaper.eisamay.com/eisamay/2022-01-13/1/page-10.html|title=বরাহনগর রামকৃষ্ণ মিশনের উদ্যোগ|work=[[Ei Samay]]|language=bn|date=13 January 2022|accessdate=13 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/national-youth-day-2023-baranagar-mission-9600/|website=belurmath.org|title=National Youth Day 2023: Baranagar Mission|date=25 January 2023|accessdate=15 November 2023|publisher=[[Belur Math]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/national-youth-day-2024-baranagar-mission-11148/|website=belurmath.org|title=National Youth Day 2024: Baranagar Mission|date=20 January 2024|accessdate=2 February 2025|publisher=[[Belur Math]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/national-youth-day-2025-baranagar-mission-14172/|website=belurmath.org|title=National Youth Day 2025: Baranagar Mission|date=15 January 2025|accessdate=2 February 2025|publisher=[[Belur Math]]}}</ref>
* Birthday of [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji]]
* [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]
* [[Saraswati Puja]]
* Birthday of Ramakrishna
* [[Maha Shivaratri]]
* Akshaya Tritiya (school foundation day)
* [[Rabindra Jayanti]]
* [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]]
* [[Kali Puja]]
* Birthday of [[Sarada Devi]]
Devotees’ Conference is also once held in every year during annual festival of school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rkmbaranagore.org/festivals.php|title=Religious Festivals & Celebrations organized by BRKM|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/125th-anniversary-of-swami-vivekanandas-chicago-addresses-baranagar-mission-2195/|website=belurmath.org|title=125th Anniversary Of Swami Vivekananda's Chicago Addresses : Baranagar Mission|date=21 January 2020|accessdate=6 September 2021|publisher=[[Belur Math]]}}</ref>

==Alumni association==
'''Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School Ex-students Reunion Celebration Committee''' is the name of alumni association committee of BRKMAHS. This committee every year celebrates reunion ceremony for ex-students of the school. They are connected with many social activities throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brkmreunion.org/Default.aspx|title=BRKMAHS Ex-students Reunion Celebration Committee|access-date=26 May 2021|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215225109/http://www.brkmreunion.org/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Blood Donation Camp - Baranagar Mission - 48768901286.jpg|thumb|Blood donation camp]]
Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama Praktan Chhatra Samsad under the guidance of Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Baranagore, organised a "Voluntary [[Blood donation]] Camp" on 15 September 2019, in association with [[blood bank]] of [[Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan]], Kolkata, as a part of the concluding – 125th Anniversary of [[Swami Vivekananda at the Parliament of the World's Religions|Swami Vivekananda's Chicago Addresses]] at Sarada Bhawan. Total 51 units of blood were donated by ex-students of the ashrama high school, teachers, monastic members of different branch centres of the Ramakrishna Mission, Ashrama staff, volunteers and devotees. Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama Praktan Chhatra Samsad Charitable Trust felicitated all the doctors who have been dedicatedly serving the poor & distressed patients throughout the year in the ashrama's medical unit & also in medical camps at various remote places.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.belurmath.org/blood-donation-camp-baranagar-mission-5112/|title=Blood Donation Camp: Baranagar Mission|publisher=belurmath.org|date=22 September 2019|access-date=19 October 2019}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
{{Incomplete list|date=April 2019}}
* [[Abhishek Chatterjee]], Bengali film and television actor.<ref name=Gomolo>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomolo.com/about-abhishek-chatterjee/1526 |title=On Gomolo |access-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418154950/http://www.gomolo.com/about-abhishek-chatterjee/1526 |archive-date=18 April 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Jeet Ganguly]], score composer, music director and playback singer for Hindi and Bengali films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/jeet-gannguli-its-my-audience-who-taught-me-to-construct-and-deconstruct-im-indebted-to-them/articleshow/84527491.cms|title=Jeet Gannguli: It's my audience who taught me to construct and deconstruct, I'm indebted to them|work=[[The Times of India]]|last=Ghosh|first=Sankha|date=21 July 2021|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>
* [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]], film director, writer and actor who works for Bengali films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/shiboprosad_mukherjee-profile-9237-14.htm|title=Shiboprosad Mukherjee Biography|access-date=3 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=Shibu>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shiboprosad-on-the-inspiration-behind-his-upcoming-film/articleshow/70410148.cms|title=''Shiboprosad on the inspiration behind his upcoming film''|publisher=[[Times of India]]|last=Mitra|first=Bishwabijoy|date=27 July 2019|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/celebs-walk-down-the-memory-lane/articleshow/11661105.cms|title=Celebs walk down the memory lane|author=TNN|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 January 2012|access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ezinemart.com/robbar/index.php?pagedate=15052022|title=গোত্রান্তর|last=Mukherjee|first=Shiboprosad|author-link=Shiboprosad Mukherjee|publisher=[[Sangbad Pratidin]]|date=15 May 2022|accessdate=21 May 2022|language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Tathagata Mukherjee]], Bengali film and television actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/tathagata_mukherjee-profile-7863-17.htm|title=Tathagata Mukherjee Biography|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>
* [[Gautam Sarkar]], ex-footballer, having represented [[SC East Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/motivational-tonic-of-pk-banerjee-that-preceded-hairdryer-therapy/cid/1756578|title=Motivational 'tonic' that preceded 'hairdryer' therapy|last=Bandyopadhyay|first=Arindam|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|date=21 March 2020|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/football/uae-academy-turns-to-india-ex-footballer-gautam-sarkar-1.1320389|title=UAE academy turns to India ex-footballer Gautam Sarkar|last=Sengupta|first=Jaydip|publisher=gulfnews.com|date=16 April 2014|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>
* [[Tanmoy Bhattacharya]], politician, elected [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of [[Dum Dum Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|North Dum Dum constituency]], 2016–2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ourneta.com/neta/tanmoy-bhattacharya/|title=''Tanmoy Bhattacharya''|date=5 December 2020|publisher=ourneta.com|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/wb-election-cpm-candidate-tanmoy-bhattacharya-owns-a-residential-house-a-flat-and-a-car-dgtl-photogallery/cid/1276503|title=নেই কোনও ঋণ, সস্ত্রীক প্রায় কোটি টাকার সম্পত্তি, হলফনামায় জানালেন বামনেতা তন্ময়|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=bn|date=19 April 2021|accessdate=5 May 2021}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
| title = Images of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
| align = center
| footer = Images related to BRKMAHS
| style =
| state = expanded
| height = 170
| width = 160
| mode = packed-overlay
| noborder = no
| whitebg = no
| captionstyle =
| File:Open Air Corridor at Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School campus.jpg
| alt1=
| Open air corridor of the secondary section
| File:BRKM Sister Nivedita cultural hall 1.jpg
| alt2=
| Interior of Sister Nivedita Cultural Hall
| File:Biology lab of BRKM.jpg
| alt3=
| [[Biology]] laboratory
| File:
| alt4=
| Write a caption here
| File:
| alt5=
| Write a caption here
}}

==See also==
* [[List of Ramakrishna Mission institutions]]
* [[List of schools in Kolkata]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Prabhananda|first=Swami|author-link=|publication-date=8 December 2009|title=SRI KRISHNANKA NITYA SAKHA VRUNDABANARA RAKHAL SWAMI BRAHMANANDA|url=https://archive.org/details/sri-krishanka-nitya-sakha-vrindavanara-rakhal-swami-brahmananda-charita/page/n3/mode/2up|access-date=6 August 2021|location=[[Bhubaneswar]]|publisher=[[Ramakrishna Math and Mission, Bhubaneswar|Ramakrishna Math, Bhubaneswar]]|pages= 377|isbn=|format=PDF|language=or|edition=1st|trans-title=ଶ୍ରୀକୃଷ୍ଣ୍ଣଙ୍କ ନିତ୍ୟସଖା - ବୃନ୍ଦାବନର ରାଖାଲ - ସ୍ୱାମୀ ବ୍ରହ୍ମାନନ୍ଦ ଚରିତ}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|commons=Category:Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School|b=no|n=no|q=Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School|s=no|v=no|voy=no|species=BRKMAHS|d=q19882251}}


* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.brkmreunion.org/Default.aspx BRKMAHS Ex-students Reunion Celebration Committee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215225109/http://www.brkmreunion.org/Default.aspx |date=15 December 2018 }}
;Maps
* Geographic data related to [https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/284535702#map=17/22.63235/88.37239 Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School] at [[OpenStreetMap]]
;Photos
* [https://www.flickr.com/search/?text=Baranagar%20Ramakrishna%20Mission Photos of Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School]

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Dravidian movement

2026-02-11T22:01:55Z

NydiaSilverman2: fix article and corrected details based on references

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}
{{Short description|Political movement in British India}}
{{Dravidian politics-col}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
The '''Dravidian movement''' started in [[British India]] with the formation of the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]] on 20 November 1916 in [[Victoria Public Hall]] in [[Madras]] by [[C. Natesa Mudaliar]] along with [[T. M. Nair]] and [[P. Theagaraya Chetty]] as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency.

Communal division between [[Brahmin]]s and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th century, mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate Brahmins representation in government jobs. The Justice Party's foundation marked the culmination of several efforts to establish an organisation to represent the non-Brahmins in [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="FishmanGarcia2010">{{cite book|author1=Joshua Fishman|author2=Ofelia Garcia|title=Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity:The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts (Volume 2): The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OBoSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA230|access-date=7 July 2016|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|isbn=978-0-19-539245-6|pages=230–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/tamil-nadu-politics-history-dravidian-movement-brahmins-lower-caste-casteism-madras-presidency-4388452/ | title=A century of reform The Dravidian movement has left its progressive imprint on Tamil Nadu| work=Manuraj Shunmugasundaram | publisher=The Indian Express | date=22 November 2016 | access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-inner-grammar-of-dissent-lives/298224 | title=The Inner Grammar Of Dissent Lives | publisher=Outlook India | work=K.S. Chalam | date=12 December 2016 | access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref>

==Background==

===Brahmin/non-Brahmin divide===
The [[Brahmin]]s in [[Madras Presidency]] enjoyed a higher position in India's [[social hierarchy]]. By the 1850s, [[Telugu Brahmins]] and [[Tamil Brahmins]] comprising only 3.2% of the population began to increase their political power by filling most of the jobs which were open to Indian men at that time.<ref name="Irschick">{{Harvnb|Irschick|1969| pp=1–26}}</ref> They dominated the administrative services and the newly created urban professions in the 19th and early 20th century.<ref>{{cite book | title=Competitive elections in developing countries| author=[[Myron Weiner]] and Ergun Ozbudun| year=1987| pages=61| publisher=American Enterprise Institute| isbn=0-8223-0766-9}}</ref> The higher literacy and English language proficiency among Brahmins were instrumental in this ascendancy. The political, social, and economical divide between Brahmins and non-Brahmins became more apparent in the beginning of the 20th century. This breach was further exaggerated by [[Annie Besant]] and her [[Indian Home Rule Movement|Home Rule for India]] movement. The following table shows the distribution of selected jobs among different caste groups in 1912 in Madras Presidency.<ref name="Irschick"/><ref>{{cite book | title=Tamil renaissance and Dravidian nationalism, 1905–1944| author=K. Nambi Arooran| year=1980| pages=37}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Caste group
! Deputy collectors
! Sub judges
! District Munsifs
! % of total male population
|-
|align=left| Brahmins
|align=center| 77
|align=center |15
|align=center |93
|align=center |3.2
|-
|align=left| non-Brahmin Hindus
|align=center |30
|align=center |3
|align=center |25
|align=center|85.6
|-
|align=left| Muslims
|align=center |15
|align=center |nil
|align=center |2
|align=center |6.6
|-
|align=left| Indian Christians
|align=center |7
|align=center |nil
|align=center |5
|align=center |2.7
|-
|align=left| Europeans and Eurasians
|align=center |11
|align=center |nil
|align=center |3
|align=center| .1
|}

The dominance of Brahmins was also evident in the membership of the [[Madras Legislative Council]]. During 1910–20, eight out of the nine official members (appointed by the Governor of Madras) were Brahmins. Apart from the appointed members, Brahmins also formed the majority of the members elected to the council from the district boards and municipalities. During this period the Madras Province Congress Committee (regional branch of the [[Indian National Congress]]) was also dominated by Brahmins. Of the 11 major newspapers and magazines in the presidency, two (''[[The Madras Mail]]'' and ''Madras Times'') were run by Europeans sympathetic to the crown, three were evangelical non–political periodicals, four (''[[The Hindu]]'', ''Indian Review'', ''Swadesamithran'' and ''Andhra Pathrika'') were published by Brahmins while New India, run by [[Annie Besant]] was sympathetic to the Brahmins. This dominance was denounced by the non-Brahmin leaders in the form of pamphlets and open letters written to the Madras Governor. The earliest examples of such pamphlets are the ones authored by the pseudonymous author calling himself "fair play" in 1895. By the second decade of the 20th century, the Brahmins of the presidency were themselves divided into three factions.<ref name="rajaraman2">{{Harvnb|Rajaraman|1988| loc=ch. 2 (The Genesis of the Justice Party)}}</ref> These were the [[Mylapore]] faction comprising [[Chetpet]] [[Iyer]]s and [[Vembakkam]] [[Iyengars]], the [[Egmore]] faction led by the editor of ''[[The Hindu]]'', [[Kasturi Ranga Iyengar]] and the [[Salem (India)|Salem]] nationalists led by [[C. Rajagopalachari]]. A fourth non-Brahmin faction rose to compete with them and became the Justice party.<ref name="Irschick21">{{Harvnb|Irschick|1986| pp=30–31}}</ref>

== Telugu power struggle Angle ==
Dravidian movement is a power struggle between Telugu brahmin and Telugu non-brahmins. Native Tamizhs - ''both brahmins and non-brahmins'' - have been used as proxies. Key players in Dravidian politics, have historically been Telugus.

The Vijayanagar empire used Telugu Balija generals and Telugu Niyogi Brahmins to control Tamizh regions. Native Tamil Brahmins and [[Nithyananda#:~:text=Nithyananda was born Arunachalam Rajasekaran,to the Saiva Vellala community.|Vellalars]] were also used alongside.

Tanjore and [[Tirumala Nayaka|Madurai Balija Nayak]] administrators broke free from the empire, and indedpendently ruled Tamizh regions for over 200 years - in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were then defeated by the [[Tyagaraja|Marathas]]. Nayak descendants were the last dynasty to rule, the [[Nayaks of Kandy|Sri Lankan]] kingdom of Kandy.

The Telugu Nayaks would appoint Telugu families as rulers and zamindars in Tamizh nadu. This made these families very rich and powerful - like [[PSG Group|PSG group]] of Coimbatore.

These Telugu zamindars enjoyed power in the British period too. Out of 10 Chief Ministers of the Madras Presidency, 6 were from Telugu non-brahmin families and 2 were from Telugu Brahmin families.

The infamous Keezhvenmani massacre's chief perpeterator was Gopalakrishnan Naidu, a Telugu zamindar.

E V Ramaswamy Naicker of the Dravidian movement himself was a Kannada Balija, from a rich zamindar family. Karunanidhi is also of Telugu ancestry.

Vijayakanth, the famous Tamil actor and politician was again a Telugu Balija.

Telugu Brahmins too wielded much influence.

Gopanna the Vijayanagar army general who defeated the Madurai Sultanate was a Niyogi Brahmin.

Founder of RSS, Keshav Baliram Hegdewar was a Telugu Brahmin. [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sarvepalli]] Radhakrishnan and P V Narasimha Rao were also [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Niyogi]] Brahmins. Subramaniam Swamy has Telugu origins.

Even the [[Adi Shankara|powerful Namboodris]] of Kerala, are said to have split off from Telugu Brahmins.

=== History and Caste Reconfiguration within the Dravidian Movement ===

The Dravidian movement, originating in the early 20th century, emerged as a rationalist, anti-caste, and anti-Brahmin socio-political initiative. Influenced by figures such as [[Iyothee Thass]], [[E. V. Ramasamy]] (Periyar), and [[Singaravelu Chettiar]], the movement critiqued the [[Vedic]]-[[Brahmin]]ical order as a form of religious and cultural domination over the indigenous Dravidian population. Its early support base included marginalized castes—particularly [[Scheduled Castes]] and [[Backward Classes]]—seeking educational access, social equality, and temple rights.

The formation of the '''Justice Party''' in 1916 marked the political foundation of the movement, followed by the launch of the '''Self-Respect Movement''' in 1925 and later the '''Dravidar Kazhagam (DK)'''. These organizations promoted atheism, Tamil linguistic pride, and the abolition of caste and religion.<ref name="Viswanathan">Viswanathan, Gauri. "Secularism in the Framework of Heterodoxy." In ''Outside the Fold: Conversion, Modernity, and Belief''. Princeton University Press, 1998.</ref>

By the mid-20th century, however, as the movement transitioned into electoral politics via the '''Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)''' and its offshoots, dominant non-Brahmin '''landlord castes''' such as the [[Balija Naidu]] ,Reddy, Nair ,Mudaliyar ,Vellalar, communities increasingly came to control its leadership and material networks. While these castes had historically positioned themselves against Brahminical dominance, they retained significant socio-economic privilege and often reproduced caste hierarchies in their own image.

This led to a transformation in the movement’s social justice framework. Scholars describe it as a shift toward '''graded inequality'''—where anti-Brahmin rhetoric was retained but hierarchical privilege was preserved by newly dominant castes. As electoral pragmatism took priority, radical anti-caste ideals were moderated in favor of '''caste-based patronage politics'''. Dalit and most [[Other Backward Classes|MBC]] communities remained underrepresented in leadership and state power structures.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Transition of Power within the Dravidian Movement
! Period !! Dominant Ideology !! Key Leaders !! Dominant Castes in Control !! Political Outcome
|-
| 1916–1944 || Anti-Brahminism, Rationalism, Anti-Hinduism || [[Periyar]], [[Iyothee Thass]] || Broad non-Brahmin base including Dalits || Justice Party, DK formation
|-
| 1944–1967 || Anti-casteism, Tamil nationalism, Atheism || [[Periyar]], [[C. N. Annadurai]] || Vellalars, Mudaliars, Naidus rise || Birth of DMK; electoral transition
|-
| 1967–present || Welfare populism, Soft Dravidianism || [[M. Karunanidhi]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[M. K. Stalin]] || Dominant intermediary castes retain power || Consolidation of DMK/AIADMK rule
|}

Though the Dravidian movement began as a radical project for caste annihilation, its institutionalization led to the entrenchment of new elites. Critics argue that the movement, while discursively anti-Brahmin, ultimately enabled the rise of a new caste elite under the guise of '''Dravidian secularism and social justice'''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
*{{cite book |title=Political and Social Conflict in South India; The non-Brahmin movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916–1929 |last=Irschick |first=Eugene F. |year=1969 |oclc=249254802 |publisher=University of California Press |url=https://archive.org/stream/PoliticsAndSocialConflictInSouthIndia/Politics-And-Social-Conflict-In-South-India_djvu.txt}}
*{{cite book |title=Tamil revivalism in the 1930s |last=Irschick |first=Eugene F. |year=1986 |oclc=15015416 |publisher=Cre-A |url=http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Irschick/Tamil.pdf |location=Madras |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610180818/http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Irschick/Tamil.pdf |archive-date=10 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book |last=Rajaraman |first=P. |title=The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916–37 |publisher=Poompozhil Publishers |year=1988 |url=http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/handle/2009/4745 |oclc=20453430 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181607/http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/handle/2009/4745 |archive-date=21 July 2011}}

[[Category:Dravidian movement| ]]
[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Politics of the Madras Presidency]]

Academic ranks in India

2026-02-07T02:00:26Z

NydiaSilverman2: rework references as per guidelines and improved wording after review

{{Short description|none}}
{{multiple issues|
{{unreliable sources|date=July 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2015}}
}}

{{Academic ranks worldwide}}
[[Academic ranks]] in [[India]] are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}}

==Professorship==
===Top institutes===
[[Central university (India)|Central universities]] usually follow the U.S. style three-tiered academic system, with strict requirements for entry-level positions.

An Assistant Professor's position requires a [[Ph.D.]] and preferably three years of postdoctoral experience (relaxable).<ref>{{cite web|title=Recruitment|url=https://sites.google.com/site/newfacultyiisc/recruitment|website=For prospective faculty}}</ref> Applicants with less experience are appointed to a "contract" position, which is similar to a "non-tenure-track" position in U.S. universities. Early reviews for promotion to Associate Professorship can be conducted in the fourth year of employment, although, it is becoming more common for promotion and tenure to be awarded in the sixth year of employment. The review requires a certain number of journal and conference publications, recommendations from reviewers in India and abroad, and an exemplary record of teaching and service. Promotion to the position of (full) Professorship is usually never difficult. It is common nowadays to see more Professors than the combined strength of Assistant and Associate Professors at any typical department. There is no such academic rank as a "Senior Professor", as is often used by some senior faculty members to indirectly state that they are in a higher pay grade (HAG scale). "Professor" is the highest academic rank in India and is comparable to similar ranks used in United States and European universities.

===Other universities===
There are two routes to enter academia, one through direct selection by a university or [[Government Degree Colleges, India|college]] (government or private), and the second through competitive selection by a centralized commission. The commission's selection is based on scores for MA/MSc, [[National Eligibility Test]] (NET) conducted by [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) and the [[Public service commissions in India|Public Service Commission]] interviews.

There are three faculty ranks "Assistant Professor", "Associate Professor" and "Professor."

The earlier designations of lecturer (equivalent to junior assistant professor), senior lecturer (equivalent to assistant professor), and reader (equivalent to associate professor) have been abolished since 2009. Since 2009, AICTE norms have abolished the posts of “lecturer” and “senior lecturer” in technical courses, leaving only “assistant professor”, “associate professor” and “professor” posts.

At present, a post-graduate can teach as an assistant professor, but tenured positions are available only if he/she has cleared the eligibility test (NET).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/regulations/revised_finalugcregulationfinal10.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-10-04 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224704/http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/regulations/revised_finalugcregulationfinal10.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> To get a promotion to associate professor at least 3 publications (in a reputed journal) are required for a post-graduate or at least one publication for a doctorate holder. But doctorate is mandatory for direct recruitment to associate professor. Only doctorate holders can become professors. Those with post-graduate degrees with other eligibility criteria (viz. NET/SET, etc.) are allowed to teach in undergraduate colleges, post-graduate or university level.

===Medical institutes===
In the medical colleges of India (such as the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS) the term Professor is used for the seniormost teaching faculty. The postgraduate trainees are called "Junior Residents", while the term "Senior Resident" is used for those who are in a teaching post after their postgraduate training. Alternatively, a Senior Resident is one who is enrolled in a super specialty training such as DM in Neurology or MCh in Cardiothoracic Surgery, etc. After a Senior Residency of three years, a doctor is eligible to apply for the "Assistant Professor" post which is usually a regular appointment and a permanent job in Govt colleges. He then gets promotions every 3 to 5 years to "Associate Professor", then as "Additional Professor" and finally becomes a "Professor". Usually, a professor (or in the absence of a Professor, an Additional Professor) is the Head of the Department.

=== Sanskrit education ===

[[Sanskrit]] education provides different academic ranks. The Sanskrit word for teacher is based on teacher's teaching abilities. Sanskrit is the only language that has such a refined vocabulary to distinguish different form of teachers.

The academic ranks are:
* Adhyapaka
* Upadhyay
* [[Acharya]]
* [[Pandit]]
* Dhrishta
* [[Guru]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Hemalatha |title=The Routledge Companion to Linguistics in India |date=6 October 2022 |publisher=Routledge India |isbn=978-1-003-09902-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.4324/9781003099024 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003099024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Pay structure==
The salary of the three-tier Professors with Academic Grade Pay (AGP) has been fixed by the [[7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces|7th Pay Commission]] of 2016.

Assistant Professor: Rs 57,700-211,500 (Pay level 12, Cell 1), total amount: Rs 101,500/- per month<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iitgoa.ac.in/pdf/recruitment/Rolling-Advertisement-Updated.pdf|title=IIT Goa/Rect/Admn/2018/01|last=|first=|date=|website=IIT goa|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711131526/http://www.iitgoa.ac.in:80/pdf/recruitment/Rolling-Advertisement-Updated.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-11 |access-date=}}</ref>

Associate Professor: Rs 131,400-218,200 (Pay level 13 A2, Cell 1), total amount: Rs 189,600/- per month<ref name=":0" />

Professor: Rs 144,200-218,200 (Pay Level 14A, Cell 1), total amount: Rs 209,100/- per month<ref name=":0" />

Professor (HAG) Rs 225,000 (limited only to 10% in the equivalent grade of additional secretary government of India).

All faculty members are also provided with additional benefits such as contribution towards the [[National Pension Scheme|New Pension Scheme]] (NPS), House Rent Allowance (HRA), Travel Allowance (TA), Leave Travel Concession (LTC), medical reimbursement, education allowance for children and reimbursement of telephone bills.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Education in India]]
* [[Shastri (degree)]]
* [[Central university (India)]]
* [[Higher education in India]]
* [[List of universities in India]]
* [[National Education Policy 2020]]
;Other lists
* [[List of academic ranks]]
* [[List of tagged degrees]]
* [[Outline of academic disciplines]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Academic ranks overview}}

[[Category:Academic ranks]]
[[Category:Higher education in India]]
[[Category:Academia in India|Ranks]]

Meri Jeevan Yatra

2026-02-03T19:24:47Z

NydiaSilverman2: made new post nd citations!

{{short description|1944 autobiography by Rahul Sankrityayan}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Meri Jeevan Yatra
| title_orig = Meri Jeevan Yatra - My Journey Through Life
| image = Meri Jeevan Yatra (Book Cover).jpeg
| caption = मेरी जीवन यात्रा
| author = [[Rahul Sankrityayan]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = [[Allahabad]], India
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]] (''Translated in many Languages'')
| series = 6 Volumes (I, II, III, IV, V, VI)
| genre = [[Autobiography]]
| publisher =
| release_date = 1944
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}

'''''Meri Jeevan Yatra''''' (मेरी जीवन यात्रा), also known as '''''My Journey Through Life''''' is an [[autobiography]] of [[scholar]], and [[Multilingualism|polyglot]] [[Rahul Sankrityayan]]. Sankrityayan was fluent in many languages and dialects, including [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Magahi]], [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Tibetan script|Tibetan]], [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]], [[French language|French]] and [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref>Sharma, R.S. (2009). Rethinking India's Past. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-569787-2.</ref> He was an [[Indology|Indologist]], a [[Marxism|Marxist]] theoretician, and a creative writer. ''Meri Jeevan Yatra'' was first published in 1944. The book describes his life, including his childhood, his life journey, and his professional experiences.

==Volumes==
The book was published in 6 different Volumes.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
! style="background:#FFC569;" | Volume
! style="background:#FFC569;" | Language
! style="background:#FFC569;" | Year
! style="background:#FFC569;" | Place
|-
| I
| Hindi
| 1944
| [[Allahabad]]
|-
| II
| Hindi
| 1950
|
|-
| III
| Hindi
| Published Posthumously
|
|-
| IV
| Hindi
| Published Posthumously
|
|-
| V
| Hindi
| Published Posthumously
|
|-
| VI
| Hindi
| Published Posthumously
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[Hindi literature]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [[Ram Sharan Sharma]], ''Rahul Sankrityayan and Social Change'', [[Indian History Congress]], 1993.
* [[Ram Sharan Sharma]], ''[[Rethinking India's Past]]'', ([[Oxford University Press]], 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-19-569787-2}}).
*''Himalayan Buddhism, Past and Present: Rahul Sankrityayan centenary volume'' by D. C. Ahir ({{ISBN|81-7030-370-2}})
* Prabhakar Machwe: "Rahul Sankrityayan" New Delhi 1978: Sahitya Akademi. (A short biography including a list of Sankrityayan's works)

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1944 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1950 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographies]]
[[Category:Hindi-language literature]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]

Economy of Himachal Pradesh

2026-01-24T15:00:11Z

NydiaSilverman2: basic reworked content after review and fixed typos after review

{{Short description|none}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{AI-generated|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox economy
| country = Himachal Pradesh
| image = Christ Church, Shimla.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Shimla - the capital of Himachal Pradesh
| year = 1 April – 31 March
| population = {{increase}} 7,527,000 (2025)<ref>{{cite web |title=Population: Himachal Pradesh |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/india/population/population-himachal-pradesh |publisher=CEIC Data |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref>
| gdp = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|2.55|lc|nolink=yes}}<ref name="PRS">{{cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh Budget Analysis 2025–26 |url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/himachal-pradesh-budget-analysis-2025-26 |publisher=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=19 May 2025}}</ref>([[GDP (nominal)|nominal]]; 2025-26 est.)
| gdp rank = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|22nd]]
| growth = {{Increase}}10% (FY 2025-26est.)<ref name="PRS"/>
| per capita = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|3.38|l}}(2025-26)<ref name="PRS"/>
| per capita rank =
| sectors = [[Agriculture]] 14% [[Industry (economics)|Industry]] 42% [[Service (economics)|Services]] 44% (FY 2023-24)<ref>{{cite web |title=Himachal Pradesh Budget Analysis 2025–26 |url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/himachal-pradesh-budget-analysis-2025-26 |publisher=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=19 May 2025}}</ref>
| components =
| inflation = {{decreasepositive}} 2.61% (2025)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statewise Inflation Rates (%) for April 2025 (based on CPI) |url=https://mospi.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |access-date=2025-05-20 |quote=According to the CPI map published by MoSPI, Himachal Pradesh recorded an inflation rate of 2.61% in April 2025.}}</ref>
| poverty = {{decreasepositive}} 3.88% (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023 |url=https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-07/National_MPI_2023_Report_NITI.pdf |publisher=NITI Aayog |access-date=2025-05-20 |quote=As per NITI Aayog’s MPI 2023 report, the multidimensional poverty rate in Himachal Pradesh was 3.88%.}}</ref>
| gini =
| hdi = {{Increase}} 0.752
{{color|green|high}} (2023, [[List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index|HDI 9th]])<ref name="HDI2023">{{cite web |title=List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index |website=Wikipedia |access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=September 2025}}
| labor =
| occupations =
| unemployment = 1.2% (2018-19)<ref>{{cite web|title=Himachal Pradesh Budget Analysis 2021-22|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/himachal-pradesh-budget-analysis-2021-22|website=PRS Legislative Research|access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref>
| average gross salary =
| gross median =
| average net salary =
| net median =
| industries =
| edbr =
| exports =
| export-goods =
| export-partners =
| imports =
| import-goods =
| import-partners =
| FDI =
| current account =
| gross external debt =
| NIIP =
| debt = 0.49% of GSDP (2022-23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| balance = {{INRConvert|+9096.02|c}} 4.98% of GSDP (2022-23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| revenue = {{INRConvert|36420|c|nolink=yes}} (2022-23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis"/>
| expenses = {{INRConvert|46023|c|nolink=yes}} (2022-23 est.)<ref name="Budget Analysis">{{cite web|title=Himachal Pradesh Budget Analysis 2022-23|url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/himachal-pradesh-budget-analysis-2022-23|website=PRS Legislative Research|access-date=12 March 2022}}</ref>
| aid =
| credit =
| spelling = Oxford
| presentUS$asdefault = no
}}
The era of [[economic planning]] started in [[Himachal Pradesh]] in 1948. The first [[Five-year plans of India|five-year plan]] allocated about Rs. 52.7 million to Himachal. More than 50% of this expenditure was spent on transport facilities since it was felt that without proper it,{{clarify|reason=What does this mean?|date=January 2024}} the process of planning and development couldn't be carried out.

The community development programme which was launched in 1952 in Himachal, in certain selected areas was later extended to the entire rural Himachal. In [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India|Mandi]] and [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], package programmes were undertaken in collaboration with the [[West Germany]] to popularising modern techniques of cultivation among the farmers. Suitable agricultural machinery and animal husbandry were introduced in these areas. Well equipped soil testing laboratories, dairy farms and agricultural workshops were set up at various centres, besides an Agriculture University at [[Palampur]].

Himachal is one of those states in [[India]] which was rapidly transformed from the most backward part of the country to one of the most advanced states. At present Himachal ranks fourth in respect of per capita income among the [[states of the Indian Union]].

== Economic history ==
In tracing the economic history of Himachal Pradesh, influential political figures have played pivotal roles in shaping the trajectory of the state's development. During the post-independence era in the 1950s to 1970s, [[Yashwant Singh Parmar]] emerged as a key figure, serving as the first Chief Minister. Parmar's leadership was marked by significant initiatives such as implementing land reforms and modernizing agriculture. In the subsequent decades, particularly during the 1980s and 1990s, [[Virbhadra Singh]], a prominent political figure, contributed significantly to the state's focus on tourism and the harnessing of hydroelectric power.

As the 21st century unfolded, the landscape of Himachal Pradesh's economy underwent further transformations. Political leadership, exemplified by figures like [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]], emphasized the diversification of the economy into information technology and service sectors, with cities like Shimla and Dharamshala emerging as IT hubs. In more recent times, [[Jai Ram Thakur]] has been a central figure, serving as Chief Minister and contributing to the state's industrial growth. His tenure has seen efforts to establish Special Economic Zones, fostering industries such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, and food processing.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!GSDP (Millions of INR)
|-
|1980-81
|₹ 3,337
|-
|1990-91
|₹ 27,500
|-
|2000-01
|₹ 52,500
|-
|2010-11
|₹ 80,000
|-
|2020-21
|₹ 95,000
|-
|2021-22
|₹ 1,75,173
|-
|2022-23
|₹ 1,92,690
|}

== Agriculture ==
{{Main|Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh}}
Agriculture contributes nearly about 45% to the net state domestic product. It is the main source of income as well Himachal pradesh is known as Apple state or apple capital of india Theog Rohru Kinnaur Kullu is leading supplies of the major crop grown in himachal Pradesh as employment in Himachal. About 93% of the state population depend directly upon agriculture. The main cereals grown in the state are wheat, maize, rice and barley and apples . Kangra, Mandi and Paonta valley of Sirmaur district (to some extent) are the major producers of the first three cereals, while barley is mostly cultivated in Shimla. Fruit cultivation has also proved to be an economic boon to the state. There are huge tracts of land suitable only for growing fruits. Fruit of all cultivation does not add to the problem of soil erosion and its employment potential is more than the conventional farming. The yield per [[acre]] in terms of income is also much higher. Apple produces the maximum income. Fruit growing in the state is fetching over Rs. 3 billion annually. Special efforts are being made to promote cultivation of crops like [[olives]], [[figs]], [[hops]], [[mushrooms]], [[flowers]], pistachio nuts, sarda melon and [[saffron]]. The state has also earned the name of the ''Apple State of India''.<ref>[http://www.webindia123.com/himachal/economy/agriculture.htm Economy of Himachal by Agriculture @ webindia123.com] Suni System (P) Ltd. Retrieved on- 2007-06-27</ref>

== Industry ==
{{Main|Industry in Himachal Pradesh}}
Ecology has been given importance in the state during the last few years. Industries becoming the cause of water or air pollution are not encouraged. Every industrial project has to be passed by the clearance of the Environment Protection Organization before its establishment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vasudeva |first1=Vikas |title=Battered by nature's fury, Economic Survey pegs Himachal Pradesh's GDP growth at 7.1% for FY-2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/battered-by-natures-fury-economic-survey-pegs-himachal-pradeshs-gdp-growth-at-71-for-fy-2024/article67853286.ece |access-date=31 October 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=16 February 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
Himachal is facing a number of difficulties in the advancement of industries. Lack of means of dependable transport and poor accessibility was one of the major drawbacks. Other problems faced by the state were the poor mineral resources, non-availability of infrastructure and communication facilities, shortage of capital and lack of modern skills. The only advantage of the state was the ample availability of electricity. Parwano, Barotiwala, [[Baddi]], [[Paonta Sahib]], Mehatpur, [[Shamshi, Himachal Pradesh|Shamshi]], Nagrota Bagwan, [[Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh|Bilaspur]], [[Reckong Peo]] and Sansar Pur Terrace are some of the industrial areas of the state at present. As the dust free climate of Himachal is extremely suitable for the setting up of electronic industries, many electronic complexes have been established at [[Solan district|Solan]], [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India|Mandi]], [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]], [[Shoghi]], Raga-Ka-Bagh, [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]], Ambi, Taliwala and [[Keylong]].<ref>[http://www.webindia123.com/himachal/economy/industry.htm Industry @Webindia123.com] Suni system (P) Ltd. Retrieved on- 2007-06-27</ref>

{| class="wikitable" align="right" width="260" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #F4F5F6; border: 1px #C6C7C8 solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%"
| colspan="2" bgcolor="#C2D6E5" align="center" | '''Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices '''
figures in [[crore]]s of [[Indian rupee|Indian Rupees]]
|-
! Year || Gross State Domestic Product
|-
| 1980 || 7,940
|-
| 1985 || 13,720
|-
| 1990 || 28,150
|-
| 1995 || 66,980
|-
| 2000 || 135,900
|}

==References==
<references/>
{{Himachal Pradesh topics}}
{{Economy of India topics}}

[[Category:Economy of Himachal Pradesh| ]]

Balaji Pant Natu

2026-01-17T05:47:05Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{short description|Indian Nationalist}}
'''Balaji Pant Natu''' was a spy working for the [[United Kingdom|British]] against the [[Peshwa]] [[Bajirao II]] during the era of [[Maratha Confederacy]] in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]].{{sfn|Naravane|2006|p=80}} He came from the powerful Natu family of Pune.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=27-28}} When the British forces entered [[Shanivar Wada]] on November 18, 1817, Natu unfurled the Union Jack over the building.{{sfn|Naravane|2006|p=82}} Before he became an agent for the British governor of Bombay, [[Montstuart Elphinstone]], he served the Raste family.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=28}}

Along with the installation of [[Bhonsle|Pratapsinh Bhonsale]] as the symbolic ''Chatrapati'' by the British, Balaji Pant Natu was selected to be his assistant. However, there was always hostility between Chitpavan Natu and the [[Maratha]] raja due to tensions based on caste lines.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=27-29}} The hostility became worse and turned into an open quarrel when Natu was asked by his employer, the British Resident James Grant (later known as [[James Grant Duff]]),{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=31}} to rein in Pratapsinh on his personal spending.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=29}} By 1819 Grant had been monitoring Natu for abuse of power.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=29}} However Natu complained to Grant that the raja claimed that Grant had told him about Natu being involved in bribery.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=29}} Due to this, Natu no longer wanted to work under the raja and instead offered his services to Grant himself.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=29}} Grant offered Natu a new position but Natu did not accept it because he thought it amounted to simply being a ''karkun'' or clerk.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=29}} According to Grant's reports the departure of Natu was a very joyful event for the chatrapati and his mother.{{sfn|O'Hanlon|2002|p=29}}

==See also==

*[[Bapu Gokhale]]
*[[Maratha Empire]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{citation|pages=78–105|title=Battles of the honourable East India Company: making of the Raj|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3|publisher=APH Publishing|year=2006|first=M.S|last=Naravane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxsa3jtHoCEC&q=9788131300343}}
* {{citation| title=Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India|last=O'Hanlon|first=Rosalind|isbn=978-0-521-52308-0|series=Cambridge South Asian Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kMrsTj1NeYC|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Natu, Balaji Pant}}
[[Category:Military history of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:British spies]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Sejalben Pandya

2026-01-12T11:55:59Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating a pg initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

'''Sejalben Rajivkumar Pandya''' (born 1975)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sejalben Rajivkumar Pandya(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BHAVNAGAR EAST(BHAVNAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5868 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. She is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency in [[Bhavnagar district]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=સેજલબેન પંડયાને એક વર્ષ પૂર્ણ થયું: અશાંતધારાથી ધોલેરા માર્ગના પ્રશ્ને ધારાસભ્ય સક્રિય રહ્યા |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/bhavnagar/news/sejalben-pandya-completes-a-year-132264561.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210181415/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/bhavnagar/news/sejalben-pandya-completes-a-year-132264561.html |archive-date=10 December 2023 |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=Divya Bhaskar |language=gu |url-status=live }}</ref> She won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-09 |title=Gujarat Election Results 2022: Full list of winners & constituencies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-election-results-2022-full-list-of-winners-constituencies/articleshow/96105904.cms |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Bhavnagar East Election 2022 Final Results LIVE: BJP Candidate SEJALBEN RAJIVKUMAR PANDYA wins from Bhavnagar East , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/bhavnagar-east-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568236 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Pandya is from [[Bhavnagar]], Gujarat. She married Ravikumar Pandya. She completed her BA in 1996 at a college affiliated with [[Bhavnagar University]]. She is a teacher.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Pandya won from [[Bhavnagar East Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. She polled 98,707 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Baldev Solanki, of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of, 62,554 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Bhavnagar Gujarat Assembly Election results 2022 Highlights: BJP emerges victorious from Bhavnagar East, West and Rural |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bhavnagar-gujarat-2022-assembly-election-result-live-updates-bjp-vs-aap-vs-congress/2903544/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/statewiseS062.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205165415/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/statewiseS062.htm |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=results.eci.gov.in |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavnagar East Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Sejalben Rajivkumar Pandya of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/bhavnagar-east-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562279.html |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandya, Sejalben}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:People from Bhavnagar district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Bhiwani district

2026-01-11T20:04:49Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=October 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2015}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhiwani district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Haryana|District]] of [[Haryana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Tosham Hill (back view).jpg
| image_caption = [[Tosham Hill range|Tosham Hills]]
| image_map =Bhiwani in Haryana (India).svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Haryana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Bhiwani
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rohtak Division|Rohtak]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Bhiwani]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 1. [[Bhiwani]], 2. [[Bawani Khera]], 3. [[Tosham]], 4. [[Siwani]], 5. [[Loharu]]
| area_total_km2 = 3432
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,132,169
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 886
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = 1. [[Bhiwani-Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani-Mahendragarh]] (shared with [[Charkhi Dadri district|Charkhi Dadri]] and [[Mahendragarh district|Mahendragarh]] districts), 2. [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hisar]] (shared with [[Hisar district|Hisar]] and [[Jind district|Jind]] districts)
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = 1. [[Bhiwani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani]], 2. [[Loharu (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Loharu]], 3. [[Tosham (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tosham]], 4. [[Bawani Khera (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bawani Khera]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = https://bhiwani.gov.in/
}}
'''Bhiwani district''' is one of the 22 [[Districts of Haryana|districts]] of the northern Indian state of [[Haryana]]. Created on 22 December 1972, it was the largest district of the state by area, before the creation of [[Charkhi Dadri district|Charkhi Dadri]] as a separate district, as it occupied an area of {{convert|4778|km2|mi2}} and administered 442 villages with a population of 1,634,445. [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]] is now the largest district of the state.

The district headquarters is the city of [[Bhiwani]], which is around {{convert|124|km}} from the national capital [[Delhi]]. Other major towns in the district are [[Siwani]], [[Loharu]], [[Tosham]], [[Bawani Khera]], [[Kohlawas]], [[Lamba, Haryana|Lamba]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bhiwani.nic.in/introduction.asp |title=Welcome to Bhiwani |access-date=27 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329180311/http://bhiwani.nic.in/introduction.asp |archive-date=29 March 2010 }}</ref>

As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Haryana (out of [[List of districts of Haryana|21]]), after [[Faridabad district|Faridabad]] and [[Hisar district|Hisar]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 30 September 2011 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==History==
{{see also | History of Haryana#Districts | l1= History of districts of Haryana | List of districts of Haryana | Administrative divisions of Haryana }}

Pre-[[Tosham Hill range#Tosham Hill range Indus Valley Civilization mines .26 smelters|Indus Valley Civilization mine, smelt and houses]] have been found at Khanak hills of [[Tosham Hill range]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Excavations (1968–1973 and 1980–1986) in the village of [[Mitathal]] in Bhiwani have unearthed evidence of pre-Harappan and Harappan ([[Indus Valley Civilisation]]) culture in the area. Near the village of [[Naurangabad, Bhiwani|Naurangabad]], about {{convert|10|km}} east of [[Bhiwani]] city, preliminary diggings in 2001 revealed artefacts including coins, tools, sieves, toys, statues and pots up to 2,500 years old. According to archaeologists the presence of coins, coin moulds, statues and design of the houses, suggests that a town existed here sometimes in the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]], [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] and the [[Youdheya kingdom|Youdheya]] period till 300 BCE.

[[Bhiwani]] city is mentioned in the ''[[Ain-i-Akbari]]'' and has been a prominent centre of commerce since the time of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].

Wreckage of a Boeing 747, from Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763, fell in Bhiwani District as part of the [[1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision|Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision]].<ref name=Y1996Summary>{{cite report |title=Civil aviation aircraft accident summary for the year 1996 |publisher=[[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] |url=http://dgca.nic.in/accident/acc96.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103164042/http://dgca.nic.in/accident/acc96.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2015|page=8/18}}</ref>

[[Naurangabad, Bhiwani|Naurangabad]] is an ancient archaeological mound.<ref name=ht1>[https://haryanatourism.gov.in/places_of_interest/tombs-of-loharu/ Tombs of Loharu], Haryana Tourism, accessed 17 Oct 2025.</ref><ref name=sen1/>

==Divisions==
The district comprises four sub-divisions: [[Bhiwani]], [[Loharu]], [[Siwani]] and [[Tosham]]. These sub-divisions are further divided into five [[Tehsils]]: [[Bhiwani]], [[Loharu]], [[Siwani]], [[Bawani Khera]] and [[Tosham]] and one sub-tehsil, Behal.

There are four [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in this district: [[Bhiwani]], [[Loharu]], [[Tosham]] and [[Bawani Khera]]. Bawani Khera is part of the [[Hisar (Lok Sabha constituency)]] while the rest are part of [[Bhiwani-Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

Previously in Bhiwani district, sub-divisions [[Badhra]] and [[Charkhi Dadri]] and sub-tehsil Baund Kalan became part of the new [[Charkhi Dadri district]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Charki Dadri notified as 22nd district of Haryana|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Charki-Dadri-notified-as-22nd-district-of-Haryana/articleshow/55803185.cms|access-date=14 March 2021|work=The Times of India|date=5 December 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|21=1951|22=4,31,188|23=1961|24=5,55,889|25=1971|26=7,24,741|27=1981|28=9,47,374|29=1991|30=11,63,400|31=2001|32=14,25,022|33=2011|34=16,34,445|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bhiwani district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,634,445,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Guinea-Bissau]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est. }}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=Idaho 1,567,582 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 306th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 341 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.32%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bhiwani has a [[sex ratio]] of 884 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 76.7%.<ref name=districtcensus/> After bifurcation the district has a population of 1,132,169. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] make up 251,736 (22.23%) of the population.<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/06/0613_PART_A_DCHB_BHIWANI.pdf District Census 2011: Bhiwani]</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Bhiwani district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11374/download/14487/DDW06C-01%20MDDS.XLSS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|align=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|98.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|0.82}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.57}}
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ ''Religion in Bhiwani District'' (1941){{efn|1941 figures are for Bhiwani Tehsil, which roughly matches present-day district borders. District was incorporated to take into account population increases during the post-independence era, which has resulted in various bifurcations of districts and tehsils across the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] region.}}
|-
! Religion
! Population (1941)<ref name="BhiwaniTehsil1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE|access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>{{rp|58}}
! Percentage (1941)
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1941 census: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 127,740
|{{Percentage | 127740 | 158587 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 29,554
|{{Percentage | 29554 | 158587 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 533
|{{Percentage | 533 | 158587 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 169
|{{Percentage | 169 | 158587 | 2 }}
|-
| Others{{efn|Including [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], or not stated}}
| 591
|{{Percentage | 591 | 158587 | 2 }}
|-
| '''Total Population'''
| '''158,587'''
| '''{{Percentage | 158587 | 158587 | 2 }}'''
|}

===Languages===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages of Bhiwani district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] |value1 = 79.98 |color1 = indianred
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 18.12 |color2 = orange
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.90 |color3 = grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 79.98% of the population in the district spoke [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] and 18.12% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Haryana|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10204/download/13316/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}.</ref>

==Education==

===Degree colleges===
* [[Adarsh Mahila Mahavidyalya]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Haryana Agriculture Minister JP Dalal faces farmers' ire in his home district Bhiwani |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/haryana-agriculture-minister-jp-dalal-faces-farmers-ire-in-his-home-district-bhiwani-321111 |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Tribune |date=7 October 2021}}</ref>
* [[Rajiv Gandhi College for Women]]<ref>{{cite news |title=हरियाणा: भिवानी में महिला कॉलेज की छत से गिरी Bsc की छात्रा, हालत गंभीर; PGI रेफर |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/haryana/bhiwani-bsc-student-fell-from-the-roof-of-women-college-in-bhiwani-hrrm-4405299.html |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=News18 हिंदी |date=20 July 2022 |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Raja Neempal Singh Govt College]]<ref>{{cite news |title=महाराजा नीमपाल सिंह राजकीय महाविद्यालय ने जीत ओवरऑल ट्रॉफी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/bhiwani/maharaja-neempal-singh-government-college-won-the-bhiwani-news-hsr6251691192 |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Amar Ujala |date=25 February 2022 |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Vaish P.G. College]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - List of Degree Colleges |url=https://mdu.ac.in/UpFiles/UpPdfFiles/2013/Jan/2-List%20of%20Degree%20College_updated-.pdf |website=mdu.ac.in |access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref>

===Technological colleges===
* [[BRCM College of Engineering]]<ref>{{cite news |title=BRCM College of Engineering and Technology (BRCMCET), Bhiwani, Bhiwani: Admission, Address, Rating |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/institutes-colleges/brcm-college-of-engineering-and-technology-brcmcet-bhiwani-1311 |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Dainik Jagran}}</ref>
* [[Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences]]

===University===
* [[Chaudhary Bansi Lal University]]

==Religious places==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}
*[[Kirorimal Mandir]]—Located in the heart of the city, temple of [[Vishnu]].
*[[Shri Khakhi Baba Mandir]] - Located on the bank of Tal. The whole ''[[Ramayana]]'' is inscribed on its walls.
*[[Shri Jogi Wala Math]] - Devoted to [[Shiva]] and associated to ''Naath Pant''.
*[[Shri Jahargir Mandir]] - Devoted to Shiva and associated to ''Giri Pant''.
*[[Shri Bhoja Wali Devi Mandir]] - Devoted to [[Durga]], also known as ''84 Ghantiyon Wala Mandir'' (84 Bells Temple).
*Dhareru Dhaam - It is a village 12 km far from the district. Dedicated to Shyam Baba
*[[Devsar Dhaam]] - It is located on a hillock on Bhiwani-Luharu road. It has a temple devoted to the goddess [[Vaishno Devi]].
*Manheru Dhaam - It is a village 11 km far from the district. There is a temple of Balaji Maharaj ([[Hanuman]]).
*BABA PURNA GIRI DHAAM -It is located at Nandgaon , village of Bhiwani, Haryana. It is 18 km from district HQ.
*[[Seth Mool Chand Mandir]]—Devoted to Lord [[Rama]] on the bank of Mool Chand ka Talab, it is a 200-year-old temple with a rare Shaligram Idol of Shree Ram. It was one of the first Black Ram idols in Bhiwani.
*[[ Dadu Dayalu Mandir ]] - This esteemed temple is dedicated to Saint Dadu Dayal and is situated at Patram Gate. Additionally, the chhatri of Seth Patramdas Ji Nandram Katla Wale graces the temple premises, enhancing its significance and spiritual ambiance.

==Sports==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}
Sports played in the area include wrestling, volleyball, boxing and running. [[Hawa Singh]] won the [[Asian Games]] gold medal in [[Heavyweight]] category in consecutive editions of the games in the [[1966 Asian Games|1966 Asiad]] and the [[1970 Asian Games|1970 Asiad]]. [[Bhiwani]] has emerged as a centre of Indian boxing as all four boxers representing [[India]] at [[Beijing Olympics 2008]] are products of [[Sports Authority of India]] (SAI) boxing hostel at Bhiwani. To top that three of them [[Akhil Kumar]], [[Vijender Kumar]] and [[Jitender Kumar (flyweight boxer)|Jitender Kumar]] reached the quarterfinals of their respective categories. While [[Akhil Kumar]] and [[Jitender Kumar (flyweight boxer)|Jitender Kumar]] lost in their respective quarterfinals bouts [[Vijender Kumar]] qualified to the semifinals thereby ensuring India's first ever Boxing medal (Bronze) in the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]. [[Paramjeet Samota]] who won a gold for India in the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] also lives in a large village called Dinod in the Bhiwani district.

==Notable people==
{{div col}}


*[[Rohit Bhaker]] - Badminton Player
*[[Banarsi Das Gupta]] - Former Chief Minister of Haryana
*[[Dinesh Kumar (boxer)|Dinesh Kumar]] - Boxer
*[[Jitender Kumar (flyweight boxer)]]
*[[Jitender Kumar (middleweight boxer)]]
*[[Arvind Kejriwal]] - Chief Minister of Delhi
*[[Bansi Lal]] - Former Chief Minister of Haryana
*[[Richhpal Ram]] - [[Victoria Cross]] winner in World War-II
*[[Paramjeet Samota]] - Boxer
*[[Brijpal Singh]], [[Vir Chakra]]
*[[Hawa Singh]] - heavyweight boxer, [[Asian Games]] gold medal winner
*[[Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)|Hukam Singh]] - Former Chief Minister of Haryana
*[[Jagdish Singh (boxer)|Jagdish Singh]] - Boxer
* Air Marshal [[Prithi Singh]]
*[[V. K. Singh|Vijay Kumar Singh]] PVSM, AVSM, YSM, ADC - [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|COAS]] of [[Indian Army]]
*[[Vijender Singh]] - Olympic Bronze medal winner in boxing
*Air Marshal[[Vikram Singh (air marshal)|Vikram Singh]]

{{col div end}}

==Villages==
*See [[List of villages in Bhiwani district]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{notelist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Bhiwani district}}

*[https://bhiwani.gov.in/ Official website of Bhiwani district]
*[http://www.bynhospital.com/ Best Hospital in Bhiwani]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bhiwani district
|North = [[Hisar district]]
|Northeast = [[Rohtak district]]
|East = [[Jhajjar district]]
|Southeast = [[Rewari district]]
|South = [[Mahendragarh district]]
|Southwest = [[Jhunjhunun district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|West = [[Churu district]], [[Rajasthan]]
|Northwest = [[Hanumangarh district]], [[Rajasthan]]
}}

{{Districts of Haryana}}

{{coord|28.7833|N|76.1333|E|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Bhiwani district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Haryana]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:National Capital Region (India)]]

Palayur

2026-01-02T21:27:19Z

NydiaSilverman2: Made new details

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palayur
| other_name = Palur
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = Palayoor St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church.jpg
| image_caption = Palayur Church
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10.582139|N|76.035534|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 680506
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91487
| website =
}}
[[File:Palayoor Mar Thoma Sliva.jpg|thumbnail|right|Kerala Syrian architecture]]
'''Palayūr''', also called '''Palayoor''' and historically as '''Palur''', is a town near [[Chavakkad]], [[Thrissur district]], [[India]]. It is famous for its ancient church, [[St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Palayur|Palayur Mar Thoma Church]], which is believed to be one of the [[Ēḻarappaḷḷikaḷ|seven major churches]] founded by [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]] in [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] in 52 AD. It is the assumed to be first Christian Church in India.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|title=Ponnani Taluk|journal=[[Malabar Manual]]|volume=II|year=1887|url=https://archive.org/details/malabar_manual_volume2/page/n421/mode/1up|last=Logan|first=William|author-link=William Logan (author)|page=ccccxi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Menon|first=A. Sreedhara|author-link=A. Sreedhara Menon| title = Kerala District Gazetteers: Trichur, Kerala, Volume 7|year=1962|pages=72, 100, 611| publisher = Superintendent of Govt. Presses| url=https://indianculture.gov.in/gazettes/kerala-district-gazetteers-trichur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hope|first=W.|date=1876|title=Story of Kunnamkulam Mission from 1853 to 1873|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0zoEAAAAQAAJ|journal=The Coral Missionary Magazine|location=London|publisher=W. Wells Gardener|page=83}}</ref>

==History==
According to [[Saint Thomas Christian]] tradition, Saint Thomas arrived in 50 AD at [[Muziris]] (Kodungallūr) with Jewish merchants for the propagation of [[Christianity]]. Through the sea route, he reached Palayur in 52 AD and built the church there.<ref name=Ayyar>{{cite journal|title=Two Copper Plate Records from Palaiyur|journal=Travancore Archaeological Series|volume=IV Part I|year=1927|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.277149/page/n97/mode/2up|first=A. S. Ramanatha|last=Ayyar|pages=84–91}}</ref>

Palayur also had a flourishing [[Jewish]] settlement known as the ''Jūtankunnu'' ("Jews' Hill").<ref name=":1" /> Palayur was connected from the first century onwards to ancient trade centres in Kerala, especially Muziris, by rivers and backwaters. The river and [[Backwater (river)|backwater system]] in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Cochin]] opens out into the sea at [[Chetuva ]], [[Kodungallur]] and [[Kochi]], with three of the seven Thomasine churches at Palur, Kodungallur, and [[North Paravur]] connected by this system. People from distants lands found their way to Kerala and to Palayur since ancient times. The coast was familiar country to the [[Phoenicians]], the Romans, the [[Arabs]] and the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] long before [[Vasco da Gama]] arrived in 1498.<ref>{{cite book |last= Whitehouse |first= Thomas |title=Lingerings of light in a dark land: Researches into the Syrian church of Malabar|date=1873 |publisher=William Brown and Co.|pages=31–32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ie4CAAAAQAAJ}}</ref>

Palayur was a stronghold of [[Brahmin]]s. When Thomas arrived from [[Kodungallur]], Jews already had a settlement at Palayur, two thousand years ago. Ruins of the ancient Palayur Synagogue are still visible outside of a [[Hindu temple]] about a furlong away from the Church.<ref name=":0" />

==Jews of Palayur==
Palayur was an important settlement of [[Jews]] in Malabar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yisrael|first=Muzeon|year=1995|editor-last=Slapak|editor-first=Orpa|title=The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhKGPprbQaYC|journal=catalogue, [[Israel Museum|Israel Museum Jerusalem]]|publisher=[[University Press of New England|UPNE]]|volume=399|pages=14, 28 &61|isbn=9789652781796}}</ref> The remnants of Jewish synagogue is known as the ''Judankunnu'', literally meaning the 'hill of the Jews'.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Jussay|first=P. M.|title=Jews of Kerala|publisher=[[University of Calicut]]|year=2005|isbn=9788177480917}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Koder|first=S. S.|title=A Hebrew Letter of 1768 by Yechezkel Rahabi|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/499550652/a-hebrew-letter-of-1768|journal=Journal of Rama Varma Archaeological Society|publication-place=[[Cochin]]|volume=15|pages=1–6}}</ref> Palayur, popularly known as Palur among the [[Juda Mappila|Mappila Jews]], is of great importance in many their Malayalam folk songs and other local Jewish traditions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zacharia|first=Scaria|title=Karkulali – Yefefiah – Gorgeous : Jewish Women's Songs in Malayalam with Hebrew Translation|last2=Gamliel|first2=Ophira|publisher=[[Ben Zvi Institute]] – [[The Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]|year=2005|isbn=9789652351005|language=Malayalam, Hebrew}}</ref>

==Christianity in Palayur and Palayur Church==
[[File:St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayoor.jpg|thumbnail|right|Palayoor Church]]

[[St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur|Palayur Mar Thoma Major Archiepiscopal Church]] Palayur. is unique in that the present church has a continuous history of two millennia and stands on the same spot where the apostle first established it. The first church founded by St. Thomas continued to exist for many centuries and we know that in 1607 the Italian Jesuit [[Giacomo Fenicio]] with permission from the ecclesiastical authorities, to construct a more convenient church around the existing old structure for the parish of Palayur.<ref name=Ayyar/>

The church was under Mar [[Elias Mellus]] and Mar Mikhail Agustinos during their tenure.

The [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Thrissur|Thrissur Archdiocesan]] authorities are today wholeheartedly committed to the cause of developing Palayur into the focus of national and international pilgrim tourism in South India. The Palayur church was elevated as the first Archdiocesan pilgrim centre on 16 April 2000. The relic of St. Thomas conveyed from Ortona, Italy was established in the main altar of the church. The 30 km long annual Lenten Mahatheerthadanam or great pilgrimage on foot from the Thrissur to Palayur has conducted in every year.<ref name="thrissurkerala">{{cite web|url=http://www.thrissurkerala.com/tourist/palayur-church.html|title=PALAYUR CHURCH, CHAVAKKAD|publisher=thrissurkerala.com|access-date=2014-06-06}}</ref>

== Industry ==

===Coir===
[[File:Thaliyakulam.jpg|thumb|right|Thaliyakulam]]
====Palayoor coir company====
Chavakkad was once the center of the coir industry. After cultivation, coir production was the most important source of livelihood for the people of the coastal areas.

In 1957, Fr., who was co-vicar of Palayur Church. A coir industry unit was set up at Palayur under the leadership of Mathews Thaiparambil. the unit was located at the site of the Palayur SABS Convent. The ropes required for the Palayur church (manikayar, coconut tying rope) were mainly used by the Maayu export company to provide employment to the locals. Home-based and small units operated here. Workers from other areas came here in search of work.

Years later the church's coir company ceased to exist. After that a coir society was started in Palayur North under the leadership of Poonthath Muhammaduni. Today the industry is at a complete standstill. Coir was made from Palayur and nearby areas and shipped from Chavakkad ferry to Kochi and Kozhikode.

The reality is that the coir industry was the most important non-agricultural sector in Kerala during the formation of the state of Kerala.

==How to reach==
Palayoor is a part of Trichur District and is located on the west Coast of Kerala. By road it takes 28 km to reach Palayur from Trichur. It is on Trichur – Chavakkad route, via Pavaratty. To travel by train catch Trichur – Guruvayur train (24 km). From Guruvayur to Palayoor take a bus or a taxi/auto rickshaw (2 km). Nedumbasserry International Airport is only 80 km from Palayoor.

===Road===
Buses ply regularly between Palayoor/Chavakkad/Guruvayoor/Thrissur and all major towns in Kerala and South India.

*From the North: Kuttippuram-Kunnamkulam-Chavakkad-Palayoor
*From the South: Kodungallur-Chettuva-Chavakkad-Palayoor
*From the East: Thrissur-Kanjany-Enammavu-Pavaratty-Palayoor
*N.B. Chavakkad Palayur distance: 0.75 km
*Guruvayur Palayur distance: 2.00 km

===Train===
Direct trains connect Thrissur with all major Indian cities like Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Chennai, Bengaluru, Coimbatore, Trivandrum..... Some trains proceed from Thrissur up to Guruvayur.

*N.B. Thrissur railway station is 25 km from Palayur
*Guruvayur railway station is 3 km from Palayur

===Air===
* Palayur is equidistant (less than 90 km) from the following airports:
* Kochi International Airport, Nedumbassery
* Calicut International Airport, Karippur
* Coimbatore Airport is 140 km from Palayoor

===Waterways===
*Waterways transport is not as active as it was in the early days
*Initiatives are taken by the government in this mode of transport
*Once it is active, one could make use of [[Conolly Canal|Canoli Canal]] its sub-canals to reach Palayoor Church.

== See also ==
*[[Timeline of Thrissur]]
* [[Saint Thomas Christians]]

==Monuments at Palayoor==
* Boat Jetty (Bottukulam) where St Thomas landed at Palayoor.
* Thaliyakulam -The pond where St Thomas baptized the local people.
* The replica of Chinna Malai (of Mylapore – Madras) where St Thomas attained martyrdom in 72 AD.
* The historical remnants of old Aryan Temple.
* Historical Museum.
*Ancient Lanterns around the church
*Jewish Hill & Jewish Synagogue.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.indianchristianity.com/ Indian christianity]
* [http://www.smcim.org/ Syro Malabar website]
* [http://www.stthoma.com/7church_palayur.html Palayoor church official website]

[[Category:Cities and towns in Thrissur district]]

Visakhapatnam City Police

2025-12-23T23:46:27Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Short description|Police department in Visakhapatnam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Visakhapatnam City Police
| nativename = 
| logo = File:Visakhapatnam city police logo.jpg
| motto = Vision Service Protection<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vizagcitypolice.gov.in/|title=Official Website of Visakhapatnam City Police|website=www.vizagcitypolice.gov.in}}</ref>
| formedyear = {{Start date and years ago|1983}}
| legaljuris = [[Visakhapatnam, India|Visakhapatnam]]
| divtype = State
| divname = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivtype = City
| subdivname = [[Visakhapatnam]]
| map = Visakhapatnam street map.png
| mapcaption = Visakhapatnam Police jurisdictional area
| country = India
| headquarters = Visakhapatnam City Police, [[Suryabagh]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] - 530020
| stationtype = Station
| stations =
| chief1name = Shanka Brata Bagchi , IPS
| chief1position = Commissioner
| sworn =
| unsworn =
| website = {{Official website|http://www.vizagcitypolice.gov.in//}}
| parentagency = [[Andhra Pradesh Police]]
}}

The '''Visakhapatnam City Police''' is the local law enforcement agency for the city of [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and is headed by the city police commissioner. Visakhapatnam City police are also informally called the Vizag City Police.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/police-commissioner-takes-charge/article6804577.ece|title=Police Commissioner takes charge|newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 January 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Organizational structure==
The Visakhapatnam Police Commissionerate is headed by a commissioner of police and one joint commissioner of police<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/khan-takes-over-as-jt-commissioner-of-police/article8593525.ece|title=Khan takes over as Jt. Commissioner of Police|newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 May 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> there are 2 Divisions and 6 Sub-Divisions and each division consists of a Deputy commissioner of Police and Assistant Commissioner of Police with particular number of police stations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/man-arrested-fake-notes-seized/article19281617.ece|title=Man arrested, fake notes seized|newspaper=The Hindu |date=15 July 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
===Hierarchy===
*Commissioner of Police (CP) (ADGP Rank)
*Joint Commissioner of Police (Jt.CP) (DIG Rank)
*Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) (SP Rank)
*Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (Addl.DCP) (Addl.SP Rank)
*Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) (ASP/DSP Rank)
*Inspector of Police (Insp.)
*Sub-Inspector of Police (SI)
*Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police (ASI)
*Head Constable (HC)
*Police Constable (PC)

== Structure==
The Visakhapatnam City Police has 2 Divisions and 6 Sub Divisions.
* Visakhapatnam 1
* Visakhapatnam 2
Sub Divisions
* East Sub Division
* West Sub Division
* South Sub Division
* North Sub Division
* Harbour Sub Division
* Dwaraka Sub Division<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/focus-on-prevention-of-crime-new-dcp/article6777344.ece|title=Focus on prevention of crime: new DCP|newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 January 2015|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Command Control Centre==
Visakhapatnam Police have a command Control Centre with this, the city police can monitor whole city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/andhra-pradesh-news/andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-inaugurates-traffic-command-control-centre-in-visakhapatnam-1401301|title=Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Inaugurates Traffic Command Control Centre In Visakhapatnam|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Visakhapatnam}}

{{Law enforcement in India}}

[[Category:Government agencies established in 1983]]
[[Category:Government of Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Metropolitan law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

{{AndhraPradesh-stub}}

Mīmāṃsā

2025-12-17T16:58:12Z

NydiaSilverman2: adjust page as per guidelines and updated info based on references

{{Short description|One of six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy}}
{{italic title}}
{{About|an ancient school of Hindu philosophy|annual Science quiz competition|Mimamsa-IISER}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}

'''''Mīmāṁsā''''' ([[Sanskrit]]: मीमांसा;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=mImAMsA&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3|title=Mimamsa in Sanskrit}}</ref> [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: Mīmāṁsā) is a [[Sanskrit]] word that means "reflection" or "critical investigation" and thus refers to a tradition of contemplation which reflected on the meanings of certain [[Vedic]] texts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of MIMAMSA |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Mimamsa |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="britenc">{{Cite web |title=Mimamsa {{!}} Vedic Rituals, Dharma & Nyaya|work=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mimamsa |access-date=2023-12-16 |language=en}}</ref> This tradition is also known as '''Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā''' because of its focus on the earlier (''pūrva'') Vedic texts dealing with ritual actions, and similarly as '''Karma-Mīmāṁsā''' due to its focus on ritual action (''karma'').<ref name="olil2">Chris Bartley (2013), "Purva Mimamsa", in ''Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy'' (Editor: Oliver Leaman), Routledge, 978-0415862530, pages 443–445.</ref> It is one of six Vedic "affirming" ([[Āstika and nāstika|āstika]]) schools of [[Hindu philosophy]]. This particular school is known for its philosophical theories on the nature of [[Dharma]], based on [[hermeneutics]] of the [[Vedas]], especially the [[Brahmana|Brāḥmanas]] and [[samhita]]s.<ref name="olil">Oliver Leaman (2006), Shruti, in ''Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy'', Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415862530}}, page 503.</ref> The Mīmāṃsā school was foundational and influential for the [[Vedanta|Vedāntic]] schools, which were also known as Uttara-Mīmāṁsā for their focus on the "later" (''uttara'') portions of the Vedas, the [[Upanishads]]. While both "earlier" and "later" Mīmāṁsā investigate the aim of human action, they do so with different attitudes towards the necessity of ritual praxis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ram-Prasad |first1=Chakravarti |title=Knowledge and Action 1: Means to the Human End in Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsā and Advaita Vedānta |journal=Journal of Indian Philosophy |date=2000 |volume=1 |issue=28 |pages=1–24|doi=10.1023/A:1004744313963 |s2cid=170635199 }}</ref>

Mīmāṁsā has several sub-schools, each defined by its [[pramana]]. The Prabhākara sub-school, which takes its name from the seventh-century philosopher [[Prabhākara]], described the five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: ''[[pratyaksha|pratyakṣa]]'' or perception; ''anumāna'' or inference; ''[[upamāṇa]]'', comparison and analogy; ''arthāpatti'', the use of postulation and derivation from circumstances; and ''[[shabda]]'', the word or testimony of past or present reliable experts.<ref name=dpsb/><ref name=gflood/> The [[Kumārila Bhaṭṭa|Bhāṭṭa]] sub-school, from philosopher [[Kumārila Bhaṭṭa]], added a sixth means to its canon; ''[[anupalabdhi]]'' meant non-perception, or proof by the absence of cognition (e.g., the ''lack'' of gunpowder on a suspect's hand)<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389497857_Philosophy_of_Mimamsa_by_Prabin_Kumar_Yadav</ref><ref name=dpsb/><ref name="jag">John A. Grimes, ''A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English'', State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0791430675}}, page 238.</ref>

The school of Mīmāṁsā consists of both [[nontheism|non-theistic]] and [[theism|theistic]] doctrines, but the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of Gods. Rather, it held that the soul is an eternal, omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, and focused on the epistemology and metaphysics of ''Dharma''.<ref name=olil2/><ref>{{cite book |last=Neville |first=Robert |title=Religious Truth |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Worthington |first=Vivian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aI9AAAAIAAJ |title=A History of Yoga |publisher=Routledge |year=1982 |isbn=9780710092588 |page=66}}</ref> For the Mīmāṁsā school, ''Dharma'' meant rituals and social duties, not ''[[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]]'', or Gods, because Gods existed only in name.<ref name=olil2/> The Mīmāṃsakas also held that Vedas are "eternal, author-less, [and] infallible", that Vedic ''vidhi'', or injunctions and [[mantra]]s in rituals are prescriptive ''kārya'' or actions, and the rituals are of primary importance and merit. They considered the Upaniṣads and other texts related to self-knowledge and spirituality as subsidiary, a philosophical view that Vedānta disagreed with.<ref name=olil2/><ref name=olil/><ref>Peter M. Scharf, ''The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy'' (1996), Chapter 3</ref>

While their deep analysis of language and [[linguistics]] influenced other schools of Hinduism,<ref>Annette Wilke and Oliver Moebus (2011), Sound and Communication: An Aesthetic Cultural History of Sanskrit Hinduism, Walter de Gruyter GmbH (Berlin), {{ISBN|978-3110181593}}, pages 23–24, 551–663.</ref> their views were not shared by others. Mīmāṁsakas considered the purpose and power of language was to clearly ''prescribe'' the proper, correct and right. In contrast, Vedāntins extended the scope and value of language as a tool to also ''describe'', ''develop'' and ''derive''.<ref name=olil2/> Mīmāṁsakās considered orderly, law driven, procedural life as central purpose and noblest necessity of [[Dharma]] and society, and divine (theistic) sustenance means to that end.

The Mīmāṁsā school is a form of [[philosophical realism]].<ref>M. Hiriyanna (1993), Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120810860}}, pages 323–325.</ref> A key text of the Mīmāṁsā school is the [[Purva Mimamsa Sutras|Mīmāṁsā Sūtra]] of [[Jaimini]].<ref name=olil2/><ref name="mhiri">M. Hiriyanna (1993), Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120810860}}, pages 298-335.</ref>

==Terminology==
Mīmāṁsā ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]), also romanized Mimansa<ref>{{cite book|author=M.C. Nyayaratna|title=The Mimansa Darsana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Welq8SN8tPEC|year=1863|publisher=Bishop's College Press|pages=Cover Page}}</ref> or Mimamsa,<ref name=britenc/> means "reflection, consideration, profound thought, investigation, examination, discussion" in Sanskrit.<ref name=monierwilliamsm>[http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/tamil/index.html Mimamsa], Monier Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon (Germany)</ref> It also refers to the "examination of the Vedic text"<ref name=monierwilliamsm/> and to a school of Hindu philosophy that is also known as {{IAST|''Pūrva Mīmāṁsā''}} ("prior" inquiry, also {{IAST|''Karma-Mīmāṁsā''}}), in contrast to {{IAST|''Uttara Mīmāṁsā''}} ("posterior" inquiry, also {{IAST|''Jñāna-Mīmāṁsā''}}) – the opposing school of [[Vedanta]]. This division is based on classification of the Vedic texts into ''{{IAST|karmakāṇḍa}}'', the early sections of the Veda treating of mantras and rituals ([[Samhita]]s and [[Brahmana]]s), and the ''{{IAST|jñānakāṇḍa}}'' dealing with the meditation, reflection and knowledge of Self, Oneness, [[Brahman]] (the Upaniṣads).<ref name=olil/><ref name=mhiri/> Between the ''Samhitas'' and ''Brahmanas'', the Mīmāṁsā school places greater emphasis to the Brahmanas – the part of Vedas that is a commentary on Vedic rituals.<ref>M. Hiriyanna (1993), Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120810860}}, page 299</ref>

The word comes from the desiderative stem of √man (Macdonell, A. A, 1883, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary), from [[Proto-Indo-European]] *men- (“to think”). Donald Davis translates Mīmāṁsā as the "desire to think", and in colloquial historical context as "how to think and interpret things".<ref name="DonaldRDavidJr2010">{{cite book|author=Donald R. Davis, Jr |title=The Spirit of Hindu Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9oEhAwAAQBAJ |year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-48531-9 |pages=47–48}}</ref> In the last centuries of the first millennium BCE, the word Mīmāṁsā began to denote the thoughts on and interpretation of the Vedas, first as ''Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā'' for rituals portions in the earlier layers of texts in the Vedas, and as ''Uttara-Mīmāṁsā'' for the philosophical portions in the last layers.<ref name="DonaldRDavidJr2010"/><ref name="fxclooneyp25"/> Over time, Pūrva-Mīmāṁsā was just known as the Mīmāṁsā school, and the Uttara-Mīmāṁsā as the [[Vedanta]] school.<ref name="fxclooneyp25">{{cite book|author=Francis Xavier Clooney |title=Thinking Ritually: Rediscovering the Pūrva Mīmāṁsā of Jaimini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=86zWAAAAMAAJ |year=1990|publisher=De Nobili, Vienna |isbn=978-3-900271-21-3 |pages=25–28 }}</ref>

Mīmāṁsā scholars are referred to as ''Mīmāṁsāka''s.{{sfn|Francis X. Clooney|1997|p=337}}

==Development==

=== Foundational Text ===
The foundational text for the Mīmāṁsā school is the [[Purva Mimamsa Sutras|Purva Mīmāṁsā Sutras]] of [[Jaimini]] (c. 3rd to 2nd century BCE).<ref name=hiriyanna>{{cite book|last=Hiriyanna|first=M.|title=The Essentials of Indian Philosophy|year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banrasidass|location=Delhi|isbn=81-208-1330-8|pages=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeRIP-TuKLAC&q=mimamsa+sutra+twelve+chapters&pg=PA130}}</ref> However, [[Anthony Kennedy Warder]] notes that Mīmāṃṁsā, as a direct continuation of archaic Vedic ritualism, and [[Saṁkhya]] had most definitely already started taking shape prior to the systematic emergence of other orthodox and heterodox schools of Indian philosophy in the mid-1st millennium BCE.{{sfn|Warder|2009|pp=63–65}} Mīmāṁsā Sūtras explicitly aim to establish the correct way to interpret the Vedas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clooney |first=Francis |url=https://archive.org/details/HinduGodChristianGodHowReasonHelpsBreakDownTheBoundariesBetweenReligionsFrancisClooneyX.OUP/page/n27/mode/2up |title=Hindu God Christian God How Reason Helps Break Down The Boundaries Between Religions Francis Clooney X. OUP |pages=18 |language=English}}</ref>

=== Commentarial Tradition ===
[[Śabara]] is the first commentator of the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā Sūtra}}'', whose work is available to us. His ''{{IAST |bhāṣya}}'' is the basis of all later works of ''{{IAST |Mīmāṁsā }}''. The commentaries on the ''{{IAST |Mīmāṁsā Sūtra}}'' by {{IAST |Bhartṛmitra}}, {{IAST |Bhavadāsa}}, Hari and {{IAST|Upavarṣa}} are no more extant.

Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, Mandana Miśra, Pārthasārathi Miśra, Sucarita Miśra, Ramakrishna Bhatta, Madhava Subhodini, Sankara Bhatta, Krsnayajvan, Anantadeva, Gaga Bhatta, Ragavendra Tirtha, VijayIndhra Tirtha, Appayya Dikshitar, Paruthiyur Krishna Sastri, Mahomahapadyaya Sri Ramsubba Sastri, Sri Venkatsubba Sastri, Sri A. Chinnaswami Sastri, Sengalipuram Vaidhyanatha Dikshitar were some of Mīmāṁsā scholars. The school reached its height with [[Kumārila Bhaṭṭa|{{IAST|Kumārila Bhaṭṭa}}]] and {{IAST|[[Prabhākara]]}} (fl. ca. 700 CE).

{{IAST |Kumārila Bhaṭṭa}} (7th century CE), the founder of the first school of the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā}}'' commented on both the ''{{IAST|Sūtra}}'' and its ''{{IAST |Śabara Bhāṣya}}''. His treatise consists of 3 parts, the ''{{IAST|Ślokavārttika}}'', the ''{{IAST |Tantravārttika}}'' and the ''{{IAST |Ṭupṭīkā}}''. {{IAST|Manḍana Miśra}} (8th century CE) was a follower of {{IAST |Kumārila}}, who wrote ''Vidhiviveka'' and ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsānukramaṇī}}''. There are several commentaries on the works of {{IAST|Kumārila}}. {{IAST|Sucarita Miśra}} wrote a ''{{IAST|Kāśikā}}'' (commentary) on the ''{{IAST|Ślokavārttika}}''. {{IAST|Someśvara Bhatta}} wrote ''{{IAST|Nyāyasudhā}}'', also known as ''{{IAST|Rāṇaka}}'', a commentary on the ''{{IAST |Tantravārttika}}''. {{IAST|Pārthasarathi Miśra}} wrote ''{{IAST|Nyāyaratnākara}}'' (1300 CE), another commentary on the ''{{IAST|Ślokavārttika}}''. He also wrote ''{{IAST |Śāstradīpikā}}'', an independent work on the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā}}'' and ''Tantraratna''. {{IAST|Venkaṭa Dīkṣita}}’s ''{{IAST|Vārttikabharaṇya}}'' is a commentary on the ''{{IAST |Ṭupṭīkā}}''.

{{IAST |Prabhākara}} (8th century CE), the originator of the second school of the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā}}'' wrote his commentary ''{{IAST|Bṛhatī}}'' on the ''{{IAST |Śabara Bhāṣya}}''. {{IAST |Śālikanātha}}’s ''{{IAST |Ṛjuvimalā}}'' (ninth century CE) is a commentary on the ''{{IAST|Bṛhatī}}''. His ''{{IAST |Prakaraṇapañcikā}}'' is an independent work of this school and the ''{{IAST|Pariśiṣṭa}}'' is a brief explanation of the ''{{IAST |Śabara Bhāṣya}}''. {{IAST |Bhavanātha}}’s ''{{IAST|Nyāyaviveka}}'' deals with the views of this school in details.

The founder of the third school of the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā}}'' was {{IAST|Murāri}}, whose works have not reached us.

{{IAST|[[Āpadeva]]}} (17th century) wrote an elementary work on the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā}}'', known as ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsānyāyaprakaśa}}'' or ''{{IAST|Āpadevī}}''. ''{{IAST |Arthasaṁgraha}}'' of {{IAST |Laugākṣi Bhāskara}} is based on the ''{{IAST|Āpadevī}}''. {{IAST|Vedānta Deśika}}’s ''{{IAST |Śeśvara Mīmāṁsā}}'' was an attempt to combine the views of the ''{{IAST|Mīmāṁsā}}'' and the ''{{IAST|Vedānta}}'' schools.<ref>Radhakrishnan, S. ''Indian Philosophy'', Vol. II, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2006, {{ISBN|0-19-563820-4}}, pp.376–78</ref>

==Darśana (philosophy) – central concerns==
{{Further|Hindu philosophy}}

Mīmāṁsā is one of the six classical Hindu ''darśanas''. It is among the earliest schools of Hindu philosophies.<ref name=britenc/> It has attracted relatively less scholarly study, although its theories and particularly its questions on exegesis and theology have been highly influential on all classical Indian philosophies.{{sfn|Francis X. Clooney|1997|pp=337–340}}{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=26–31}}{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2008|pp=57–61, 89–98}} Its analysis of language has been of central importance to the legal literature of India.<ref>{{cite book|author=Maurice Winternitz|author-link=Moriz Winternitz|title=History of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql0BmInD1c4C |year=1963|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0056-4|pages=511–512}}</ref>

Ancient Mīmāṁsā's central concern was [[epistemology]] (''[[pramana]]''), that is what are the reliable means to knowledge. It debated not only "how does man ever learn or know, whatever he knows", but also whether the nature of all knowledge is inherently circular, whether those such as [[Foundationalism|foundationalists]] who critique the validity of any "justified beliefs" and knowledge system make flawed presumptions of the very premises they critique, and how to correctly interpret and avoid incorrectly interpreting [[dharma]] texts such as the [[Vedas]].{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=28–32}} It asked questions such as "what is ''devata'' (god)?", "are rituals dedicated to ''devatas'' efficacious?", "what makes anything efficacious?", and "Can it be proved that the Vedas, or any canonical text in any system of thought, is fallible or infallible (''svatah pramanya'', intrinsically valid)?, if so, how?" and others.{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=26–33}}{{sfn|Francis X. Clooney|1997|pp=337–342}} To Mīmāṁsā scholars, the nature of non-empirical knowledge and human means to it are such that one can never demonstrate certainty, one can only falsify knowledge claims, in some cases.{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=27, 29–30}} According to [[Francis Xavier Clooney|Francis Clooney]], the Mīmāṁsā school is "one of the most distinctively Hindu forms of thinking; it is without real parallel elsewhere in the world".{{sfn|Francis X. Clooney|1997|p=337}}

The central text of the Mīmāṁsā school is Jamini's ''Mīmāṁsā Sutras'', accompanied by the historically influential commentary of Sabara and Kumarila Bhatta's commentary (''Ślokavārttika'') on Sabara's commentary.{{sfn|Francis X. Clooney|1997|p=337}}{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=27–29}} Together, these texts develop and apply the rules of language analysis (such as the rules of contradiction), asserting that one must not only examine injunctive propositions in any scripture but also examine the alternate related or reverse propositions for better understanding. They suggested that to reach correct and valid knowledge it is not only sufficient to demand proof of a proposition, it is important to give proof of a proposition's negative as well as declare and prove one's preferred propositions. Further, they asserted that whenever perception is not the means of direct proof and knowledge, one cannot prove such non-empirical propositions to be "true or not true", rather one can only prove a non-empirical proposition is "false, not false, or uncertain".{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=28–35}}

For example, Mīmāṁsakas welcome not only the demand for proof of an injunctive proposition such as "[[agnihotra]] ritual leads one to heaven", but suggest that one must examine and prove alternate propositions such as "ritual does not lead one to heaven", "something else leads one to heaven", "there is heaven", "there is no heaven" and so on. Mīmāṁsā literature states that if satisfactory, verifiable proof for all of such propositions cannot be found by its proponents and its opponents, then the proposition needs to be accepted as a part of a "belief system".{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=27–29}}{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2008|pp=57–79}} Beliefs, such as those in the scriptures (Vedas), must be accepted to be true unless its opponents can demonstrate the proof of the validity of their own texts or teacher(s) these opponents presume to be ''prima facie justified'', and until these opponents can demonstrate that the scriptures they challenge are false. If they do not try to do so, it is hypocrisy; if they try to do so, it can only lead to an infinite regress, according to Mīmānsākas.{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=28–32}}{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2008|pp=89–114}} Any historic scripture with widespread social acceptance, according to Mīmāṁsāka, is an activity of communication (''vyavahārapravṛtti'') and is accepted as authoritative because it is socially validated practice unless perceptually verifiable evidence emerges that proves parts or all of it as false or harmful.{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=31–33, 36–38}}

Mīmāṁsākas were predominantly concerned with the central motivation of human beings, the [[summum bonum|highest good]], and actions that make this possible.{{sfn|Prasad|1994|pp=317–318}} They stated that human beings seek ''niratisaya priti'' (unending ecstatic pleasure, joy, happiness) in this life and the next. They argued that this highest good is the result of one's own ethical actions (''[[dharma]]''), that such actions are what the Vedic sentences contain and communicate, and therefore it important to properly interpret and understand Vedic sentences, words and meaning.{{sfn|Prasad|1994|pp=317–318}}{{sfn|P. T. Raju|1985|pp=17, 41–47, 61–63, Quote (p. 62): "The ideal life, according to the Mimamsa, is thus a life of continuous ethical activity and enjoyment of its fruits."}} Mīmāṁsā scholarship was centrally concerned with the [[philosophy of language]], how human beings learn and communicate with each other and across generations with language in order to act in a manner that enables them to achieve that which motivates them.{{sfn|Prasad|1994|pp=317–319}}{{sfn|Staal|1976|pp=112–117}} The Mīmāṁsā school focussed on ''dharma'', deriving ethics and activity from the ''karma-kanda'' (rituals) part of the Vedas, with the argument that ethics for this life and efficacious action for ''svarga'' (heaven) cannot be derived from sense-perception, and can only be derived from experience, reflection and understanding of past teachings.{{sfn|Shyam Ranganathan|2007|pp=298–302, 348–349}}

<blockquote style="background-color:none;margin-right:5em;margin-left:0em;border-left:solid 6px #FFE0BB;padding:1.0em">
<poem>
In every human activity, the motivating force to perform an action is his innate longing for ''priti'' (pleasure, happiness<ref>Jan Gonda, Johannes Bronkhorst and Elisa Freschi translate "priti" as happiness; e.g. see, {{cite book|author=Elisa Freschi|title=Duty, Language and Exegesis in Prabhakara Mimamsa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EhX3I99EbQ0C&pg=PA380|year=2012|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-04-22260-1|page=380}}</ref>),
whether at the lowest level or the highest level.
At the highest level, it is nothing but an unsurpassed state of ''priti'',
which is ensured only by performing ethical actions.
</poem>
– Sabara, 2nd century Mīmānsā scholar{{sfn|Prasad|1994|p=339 note 5, Mimamsasutrabhasya 4.3.15}}
</blockquote>

According to Daniel Arnold, Mīmāṁsā scholarship has "striking affinities" with that of [[William Alston]], the 20th century Western philosopher, along with some notable differences.{{sfn|Daniel Arnold|2001|pp=41–43}} The Mīmāṁsākas subjected to a radical critique, more than two thousand years ago, states Francis Clooney, the notions such as "God," the "sacred text," the "author" and the "anthropocentric ordering of reality".<ref>{{cite journal|title= Why the Veda Has No Author: Language as Ritual in Early Mīmāṃsā and Post-Modern Theology |author= Francis X. Clooney|journal= Journal of the American Academy of Religion| volume= 55| number= 4| year= 1987| pages= 660–661| publisher= Oxford University Press| jstor= 1464680| doi=10.1093/jaarel/lv.4.659}}</ref>

==Epistemology==
In the realm of [[epistemology|epistemological]] studies, subsequent Mīmāṃsākas scholars have made significant contributions. Unlike the [[Nyaya]] or the [[Vaisheshika]] systems, the {{IAST|Prābhākara}} branch of Mīmāṃsā recognizes five means of valid knowledge (Skt. ''[[pramāṇa]]''). In addition to these, the {{IAST|Bhāṭṭa}} sub-school of Mīmāṃsā acknowledges a sixth means, namely ''anuapalabdhi'', akin to the [[Advaita Vedanta]] school of Hinduism. The following are the six epistemically reliable means of gaining knowledge:

===Pratyaksa===
{{Main|Pratyaksha}}

''[[Pratyaksha|Pratyakṣa]]'' (प्रत्यक्ष means perception. It is of two types in Mīmāṁsā and other schools of Hinduism: external and internal. External perception is described as that arising from the interaction of five senses and worldly objects, while internal perception is described by this school as that of inner sense, the mind.<ref name=kamal>MM Kamal (1998), The Epistemology of the Carvaka Philosophy, ''Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies'', 46(2): 13–16</ref><ref>B Matilal (1992), "Perception: An Essay in Indian Theories of Knowledge", Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0198239765}}</ref> The ancient and medieval Indian texts identify four requirements for correct perception:<ref name=kpmat/> ''Indriyarthasannikarsa'' (direct experience by one's sensory organ(s) with the object, whatever is being studied), ''Avyapadesya'' (non-verbal; correct perception is not through [[hearsay]], according to ancient Indian scholars, where one's sensory organ relies on accepting or rejecting someone else's perception), ''Avyabhicara'' (does not wander; correct perception does not change, nor is it the result of deception because one's sensory organ or means of observation is drifting, defective, suspect) and ''Vyavasayatmaka'' (definite; correct perception excludes judgments of doubt, either because of one's failure to observe all the details, or because one is mixing inference with observation and observing what one wants to observe, or not observing what one does not want to observe).<ref name=kpmat>Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in ''Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies'', Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|81-208-0309-4}}, pages 160–168</ref> Some ancient scholars proposed "unusual perception" as ''pramana'' and called it internal perception, a proposal contested by other Indian scholars. The internal perception concepts included ''pratibha'' (intuition), ''samanyalaksanapratyaksa'' (a form of induction from perceived specifics to a universal), and ''jnanalaksanapratyaksa'' (a form of perception of prior processes and previous states of a 'topic of study' by observing its current state).<ref>Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|81-208-0309-4}}, pages 168–169</ref> Further, some schools of Hinduism considered and refined rules of accepting uncertain knowledge from ''Pratyakṣa-pramana'', so as to contrast ''nirnaya'' (definite judgment, conclusion) from ''anadhyavasaya'' (indefinite judgment).<ref>Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|81-208-0309-4}}, pages 170–172</ref>

===Anumana===
{{Main|Anumana}}

''[[Anumāna]]'' (अनुमान) means inference. It is described as reaching a new conclusion and truth from one or more observations and previous truths by applying reason.<ref>W Halbfass (1991), Tradition and Reflection, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|0-7914-0362-9}}, page 26-27</ref> Observing smoke and inferring fire is an example of ''Anumana''.<ref name=kamal/> In all except one Hindu philosophies,<ref>Carvaka school is the exception</ref> this is a valid and useful means to knowledge. The method of inference is explained by Indian texts as consisting of three parts: ''pratijna'' (hypothesis), ''hetu'' (a reason), and ''drshtanta'' (examples).<ref name=jl4647>James Lochtefeld, "Anumana" in ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, page 46-47</ref> The hypothesis must further be broken down into two parts, state the ancient Indian scholars: ''sadhya'' (that idea which needs to proven or disproven) and ''paksha'' (the object on which the ''sadhya'' is predicated). The inference is conditionally true if ''sapaksha'' (positive examples as evidence) are present, and if ''vipaksha'' (negative examples as counter-evidence) are absent. For rigor, the Indian philosophies also state further epistemic steps. For example, they demand ''Vyapti'' – the requirement that the ''hetu'' (reason) must necessarily and separately account for the inference in "all" cases, in both ''sapaksha'' and ''vipaksha''.<ref name=jl4647/><ref>Karl Potter (2002), Presuppositions of India's Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|81-208-0779-0}}</ref> A conditionally proven hypothesis is called a ''nigamana'' (conclusion).<ref>Monier Williams (1893), ''Indian Wisdom – Religious, Philosophical and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindus'', Luzac & Co, London, page 61</ref>

===Upamana===
{{main|Upamāna}}

''[[Upamāna]]'' means comparison and analogy.<ref name="dpsb">DPS Bhawuk (2011), Spirituality and Indian Psychology (Editor: [[Anthony J. Marsella]]), Springer, {{ISBN|978-1-4419-8109-7}}, page 172.</ref><ref name="gflood">[[Gavin Flood]], An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0521438780}}, page 225.</ref> Some Hindu schools consider it as a proper means of knowledge.<ref>VN Jha (1986), "The upamana-pramana in Purvamimamsa", SILLE, pages 77–91</ref> ''Upamana'', states Lochtefeld,<ref name=jl721/> may be explained with the example of a traveller who has never visited lands or islands with endemic population of wildlife. He or she is told, by someone who has been there, that in those lands you see an animal that sort of looks like a cow, grazes like a cow, but is different from a cow in such and such way. Such use of analogy and comparison is, state the Indian epistemologists, a valid means of conditional knowledge, as it helps the traveller identify the new animal later.<ref name=jl721>James Lochtefeld, "Upamana" in ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, page 721</ref> The subject of comparison is formally called ''upameyam'', the object of comparison is called ''upamanam'', while the attribute(s) are identified as ''samanya''.<ref name=mw457>Monier Williams (1893), Indian Wisdom – Religious, Philosophical and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindus, Luzac & Co, London, pages 457–458</ref> Thus, explains [[Monier Monier-Williams]], if a boy says "her face is like the moon in charmingness", "her face" is ''upameyam'', the moon is ''upamanam'', and charmingness is ''samanya''. The 7th century text [[Bhaṭṭikāvya]] in verses 10.28 through 10.63 discusses many types of comparisons and analogies, identifying when this epistemic method is more useful and reliable, and when it is not.<ref name=mw457/> In various ancient and medieval texts of Hinduism, 32 types of ''Upanama'' and their value in epistemology are debated.

===Arthāpatti===
{{Main|Arthāpatti}}

''[[Arthāpatti]]'' (अर्थापत्ति) means postulation, derivation from circumstances.<ref name=dpsb/><ref name=gflood/> In contemporary logic, this ''pramāṇa'' is similar to circumstantial [[Modus ponens|implication]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36920/arthapatti Arthapatti] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (2012)</ref> As example, if a person left in a boat on a river earlier, and the time is now past the expected time of arrival, then the circumstances support the truth postulate that the person has arrived. Many Indian scholars considered this ''pramāṇa'' as invalid or at best weak, because the boat may have gotten delayed or diverted.<ref>James Lochtefeld, "Arthapatti" in ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, page 55</ref> However, in cases such as deriving the time of a future sunrise or sunset, this method was asserted by the proponents to be reliable. Another common example for ''arthāpatti'' found in the texts of Mīmāṁsā and other schools of Hinduism is, that if "Devadatta is fat" and "Devadatta does not eat in the day", then the following must be true: "Devadatta eats in the night". This form of postulation and deriving from circumstances is, claim the Indian scholars, a means to discovery, proper insight and knowledge.<ref>Stephen Phillips (1996), Classical Indian Metaphysics, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814899}}, pages 41–63</ref> The Hindu schools that accept this means of knowledge state that this method is a valid means to conditional knowledge and truths about a subject and object in original premises or different premises. The schools that do not accept this method, state that postulation, extrapolation and circumstantial implication is either derivable from other ''pramāṇas'' or flawed means to correct knowledge, instead one must rely on direct perception or proper inference.<ref>DM Datta (1932), The Six Ways of Knowing: A Critical study of the Advaita theory of knowledge, University of Calcutta, Reprinted in 1992 as {{ISBN|978-8120835269}}, pages 221–253</ref>

===Anupalabdhi===
{{Main article|Anupalabdhi}}{{see also|Abhava}}

''[[Anupalabdhi]]'' (अनुपलब्धि), accepted only by Kumarila Bhatta sub-school of Mīmāṁsā, means non-perception, negative/cognitive proof.<ref name=eliottjag/> ''Anupalabdhi pramana'' suggests that knowing a negative, such as "there is no jug in this room" is a form of valid knowledge. If something can be observed or inferred or proven as non-existent or impossible, then one knows more than what one did without such means.<ref>James Lochtefeld, "Abhava" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8239-2287-1}}, page 1</ref> In the two schools of Hinduism that consider ''Anupalabdhi'' as epistemically valuable, a valid conclusion is either ''sadrupa'' (positive) or ''asadrupa'' (negative) relation – both correct and valuable. Like other ''pramana'', Indian scholars refined ''Anupalabdi'' to four types: non-perception of the cause, non-perception of the effect, non-perception of object, and non-perception of contradiction. Only two schools of Hinduism accepted and developed the concept "non-perception" as a ''pramana''. The schools that endorsed ''Anupalabdi'' affirmed that it as valid and useful when the other five ''pramanas'' fail in one's pursuit of knowledge and truth.<ref name=ds/>

''[[Abhava]]'' (अभव) means non-existence. Some scholars consider ''Anupalabdi'' to be same as ''Abhava'',<ref name=dpsb/> while others consider ''Anupalabdi'' and ''Abhava'' as different.<ref name=ds>D Sharma (1966), Epistemological negative dialectics of Indian logic — Abhāva versus Anupalabdhi, ''Indo-Iranian Journal'', 9(4): 291–300</ref><ref>Karl Potter (1977), Meaning and Truth, in ''Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies'', Volume 2, Princeton University Press, Reprinted in 1995 by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|81-208-0309-4}}, pages 155–174, 227–255</ref> ''Abhava-pramana'' has been discussed in ancient Hindu texts in the context of ''[[Padārtha]]'' (पदार्थ, referent of a term). A ''Padartha'' is defined as that which is simultaneously ''Astitva'' (existent), ''Jneyatva'' (knowable) and ''Abhidheyatva'' (nameable).<ref name=chba/> Specific examples of ''padartha'', states Bartley, include ''dravya'' (substance), ''[[Guṇa|guna]]'' (quality), ''karma'' (activity/motion), ''samanya/jati'' (universal/class property), ''samavaya'' (inherence) and ''vishesha'' (individuality). ''Abhava'' is then explained as "referents of negative expression" in contrast to "[[Sense and reference|referents]] of positive expression" in ''Padartha''.<ref name=chba/> An absence, state the ancient scholars, is also "existent, knowable and nameable", giving the example of negative numbers, silence as a form of testimony, ''asatkaryavada'' theory of causation, and analysis of deficit as real and valuable. ''Abhava'' was further refined in four types, by the schools of Hinduism that accepted it as a useful method of epistemology: ''dhvaṁsa'' (termination of what existed), ''atyanta-abhava'' (impossibility, absolute non-existence, contradiction), ''anyonya-abhava'' (mutual negation, reciprocal absence) and ''pragavasa'' (prior, antecedent non-existence).<ref name=chba>Chris Bartley (2013), ''Padartha'', in ''Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy'' (Editor: Oliver Leaman), Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415862530}}, pages 415–416</ref><ref>Mohan Lal (Editor), ''The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'', Vol. 5, Sahitya Akademy, {{ISBN|81-260-1221-8}}, page 3958</ref>

===Shabda===
{{Main|Shabda}}

''[[Shabda]]'' (शब्द) means relying on word, testimony of past or present reliable experts.<ref name=dpsb/><ref name=eliottjag>
*Eliott Deutsche (2000), in ''Philosophy of Religion : Indian Philosophy'' Vol 4 (Editor: Roy Perrett), Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0815336112}}, pages 245–248;
*John A. Grimes, ''A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English'', State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0791430675}}, page 238</ref> Hiriyanna explains ''Sabda-pramana'' as a concept which means reliable expert testimony. The schools of Hinduism which consider it epistemically valid suggest that a human being needs to know numerous facts, and with the limited time and energy available, he can learn only a fraction of those facts and truths directly.<ref name=mhir>M. Hiriyanna (2000), The Essentials of Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120813304}}, page 43</ref> He must rely on others, his parent, family, friends, teachers, ancestors and kindred members of society to rapidly acquire and share knowledge and thereby enrich each other's lives. This means of gaining proper knowledge is either spoken or written, but through ''Sabda'' (words).<ref name=mhir/> The reliability of the source is important, and legitimate knowledge can only come from the ''Sabda'' of reliable sources.<ref name=eliottjag/><ref name=mhir/> The disagreement between the schools of Hinduism has been on how to establish reliability. Some schools, such as [[Charvaka]], state that this is never possible, and therefore ''Sabda'' is not a proper pramana. Other schools debate means to establish reliability.<ref>P. Billimoria (1988), "Śabdapramāṇa: Word and Knowledge", ''Studies of Classical India'' Volume 10, Springer, {{ISBN|978-94-010-7810-8}}, pages 1–30</ref>

=== Svatah Pramanya ===
The doctrine of svatah pramanya in Mīmāṁsā emphasizes accepting appearances as they are. It holds that since a cognition initially appears true, it should be accepted as true unless there is concrete evidence to the contrary. If no such evidence ever appears, the cognition is considered genuinely true.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taber |first=John |date=1992 |title=What Did Kumārila Bhaṭṭa Mean by Svataḥ Prāmāṇya? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/603701 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=112 |issue=2 |pages=204–221 |doi=10.2307/603701 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Relation to Vedanta school===
An interesting feature of the Mīmāṁsā school of philosophy is its unique epistemological theory of the intrinsic validity of all cognition as such. It is held that all knowledge is ''ipso facto'' true (Skt. ''svataḥ prāmāṇyavāda''). Thus, what is to be proven is not the truth of a cognition, but its falsity. The Mīmāṁsākas advocate the self-validity of knowledge both in respect of its origin (''utpatti'') and ascertainment (''jñapti''). Not only did the Mīmāṃṁākas make a very great use of this theory to establish the unchallengeable validity of the [[Veda]]s, but later Vedantists also drew freely upon this particular Mīmāṁsā contribution.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

==Metaphysics and beliefs==
The core tenets of {{IAST|''Pūrva Mīmāṁsā''}} are [[ritual]]ism ([[orthopraxy]]) and anti-asceticism. The central aim of the school is elucidation of the nature of ''[[dharma]]'', understood as a set ritual obligations and prerogatives to be performed properly.

=== Apaurusheya ===
The term [[Apauruṣeyā|Apaurusheya]], central to the Mīmāṁsā school, asserts that the Vedas are not of human origin.<ref>{{Citation |last=Johnson |first=W. J. |title=apauruṣeya |date=2009-01-01 |work=A Dictionary of Hinduism |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198610250.001.0001/acref-9780198610250-e-231 |access-date=2024-08-13 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780198610250.001.0001/acref-9780198610250-e-231 |isbn=978-0-19-861025-0}}</ref> Instead, they are considered uncreated, without any specific author, and self-validating in their authority. Jaimini explains in his fifth Mīmāṁsā Sutra that the relationship between words and their meanings in the Vedas is primordial, meaning it has existed since the beginning of time.<ref>{{Citation |last=Arnold |first=Daniel |title=Kumārila |date=2024 |work=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2024/entries/kumaarila/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |edition=Summer 2024 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |editor2-last=Nodelman |editor2-first=Uri}}</ref>

===Non-theism===
Mīmāṁsā theorists decided that the evidence allegedly proving the [[existence of God]] was insufficient. They argue that there was no need to postulate a maker for the world, just as there was no need for an author to compose the Vedas or a God to validate the rituals.<ref>{{cite book|title=Religious truth|first=Robert|last=Neville|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThLR13JpCWsC|page=51|isbn=9780791447789|year=2001|publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref> Mīmāṃsā argues that the Gods named in the Vedas have no existence apart from the ''[[mantra]]s'' that speak their names. To that regard, the power of the mantras is what is seen as the power of Gods.<ref>{{cite book|title=The perfectibility of human nature in eastern and western thought |first=Harold |last=Coward |author-link=Harold Coward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LkE_8uch5P0C|page=114|isbn=9780791473368 |date=2008-02-07 |publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref>

===''Dharma''===
[[Dharma]] as understood by Pūrva Mīmāṁsā can be loosely translated into English as "virtue", "morality" or "duty". The Pūrva Mīmāṁsā school traces the source of the knowledge of dharma neither to sense-experience nor inference, but to verbal [[cognition]] (i.e. knowledge of words and meanings) according to Vedas. In this respect it is related to the [[Nyāya]] school, the latter, however, accepts only four sources of knowledge (''pramāṇa'') as valid.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kapoor|first=Subodh|title=The Philosophy Of Vaisnavism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lariw7EILCAC&pg=PA60|year=2004|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-886-9|page=60}}</ref>

The Pūrva Mīmāṁsā school held [[dharma]] to be equivalent to following the prescriptions of the [[Samhita|Saṁhitās]] and their [[Brāhmaṇa]] commentaries relating the correct performance of [[yajña|Vedic ritual]]s. Seen in this light, Pūrva Mīmāṁsā is essentially ritualist ([[orthopraxy]]), placing great weight on the performance of [[karma]] or action as enjoined by the Vedas.

===Relation to Vedānta===
Emphasis of Yajnic Karmakāṇḍas in Pūrva Mīmāṁsā is erroneously interpreted by some to be an opposition to Jñānakāṇḍa of Vedānta and Upaniṣads. Pūrva Mīmāṁsā does not discuss topics related to Jñānakāṇḍa, such as salvation (''mokṣa''), but it never speaks against [[mokṣa]]. Vedānta quotes Jaimini's belief in Brahman as well as in mokṣa:

In Uttara-Mīmāṁsā or Vedānta (4.4.5–7), Bāḍarāyaṇa cites Jaimini as saying (ब्राह्मेण जैमिनिरूपन्यासादिभ्यः) "''(The mukta Puruṣa is united with the Brahman) as if it were like the Brahman, because descriptions (in Śruti etc) prove so''".

In Vedānta (1.2.28), Bāḍarāyaṇa cites Jaimini as saying that "There is no contradiction in taking Vaishvānara as the supreme Brahman".

In 1.2.31, Jaimini is again quoted by Bāḍarāyana as saying that the nirguna (attribute-less) Brahman can manifest itself as having a form.

In 4.3.12, Bādarāyana again cites Jaimini as saying that the mukta Purusha attains Brahman.

In Pūrva Mīmāṁsā too, Jaimini emphasises the importance of faith in and attachment to the Omnipotent Supreme Being Whom Jaimini calls "The Omnipotent Pradhāna" (The Main):

Pūrva Mīmāṁsā 6.3.1: "sarvaśaktau pravṛttiḥ syāt tathābhūtopadeśāt" (सर्वशक्तौ प्रवृत्तिः स्यात् तथाभूतोपदेशात्). The term ''upadeśa'' here means instructions of the śāstras as taught. We should tend towards the omnipotent supreme being. In the context of Pūrva Mīmāṁsā 6.3.1 shown above, next two sutras becomes significant, in which this Omnipotent Being is termed as "[[Pradhana|pradhāna]]", and keeping away from Him is said to be a "doṣa", hence all beings are asked to get related ("abhisambandhāt" in tadakarmaṇi ca doṣas tasmāt tato viśeṣaḥ syāt pradhānenābhisambandhāt; Jaimini 6, 3.3) to the "Omnipotent Main Being" (api vāpy ekadeśe syāt pradhāne hy arthanirvṛttir guṇamātram itarat tadarthatvāt; Jaimini 6, 3.2). Karma-Mīmāṁsā supports the Vedas, and Rgveda says that one Truth is variously named by the sages. It is irrelevant whether we call Him as Pradhāna or Brahman or Vaishvānara or Shiva or God.

==History==
The school for some time in the Early Middle Ages exerted near-dominant influence on learned Hindu thought, and is credited as a major force contributing to the [[decline of Buddhism in India]], but it has fallen into decline in the High Middle Ages and today is all but eclipsed by Vedanta.{{Sfn|Lars Göhler|1995|p=5f}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Śrauta]]
*[[Vaikhanasa]]
*[[Nambudiri]]
*[[Charvaka]]
*[[Vaisheshika]]
*[[Samkhya]]
*[[Yoga (philosophy)|Yoga]]
*[[Nyaya]]
*[[Vedanta]]
*[[Śālikanātha]]
*[[Mimamsa-IISER|Mimamsa – IISER Pune]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite journal| author= Daniel Arnold|title =Of Intrinsic Validity: A Study on the Relevance of Pūrva Mīmāṁsā | journal= Philosophy East and West|volume = 51| number= 1| pages= 26–53| publisher = University of Hawai'i Press | jstor= 1400034| year = 2001| doi=10.1353/pew.2001.0002|s2cid =144863536 }}
*{{cite book|author=Daniel Arnold|title= Buddhists, Brahmins, and Belief: Epistemology in South Asian Philosophy of Religion|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=-h8keDXhSYUC |year= 2008|publisher= Columbia University Press|isbn= 978-0-231-13281-7}}
*{{cite journal| author= Francis X. Clooney|title = What's a God? The Quest for the Right Understanding of devatā in Brāhmaṇical Ritual Theory (Mīmāṃsā)|journal = International Journal of Hindu Studies| publisher = Springer | jstor = 20106477 |volume= 1| number= 2| year=1997 |author-link=Francis Xavier Clooney | pages=337–385| doi=10.1007/s11407-997-0005-x|s2cid = 147226628}}
*{{cite book|author=Lars Göhler|title=Wort und Text bei {{IAST|Kumārila Bhaṭṭa}}: Studie zur mittelalterlichen indischen Sprachphilosophie und Hermeneutik|series=Europäische Hochschulschriften. Reihe 20, Philosophie; vol. 468|publisher=Peter Lang|year=1995}}
*{{cite journal| first = Hari Shankar|last= Prasad |title = The Context Principle of Meaning in Prabhākara Mīmāṁsā| journal= Philosophy East and West| volume= 44| number= 2| year= 1994| pages= 317–346| publisher= University of Hawai'i Press| jstor= 1399597| doi=10.2307/1399597}}
*{{cite book|author=P. T. Raju|title=Structural Depths of Indian Thought|url=https://archive.org/details/structuraldepths0000raju |url-access=registration|year=1985|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-139-4}}
*{{cite book|author=Shyam Ranganathan|title=Ethics and the History of Indian Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x89I_zEGPhkC |year=2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-3193-3}}
*{{cite book|first=J. F. |last=Staal|chapter=Sanskrit Philosophy of Language|pages=102–136|editor=Herman Parret|title=History of Linguistic Thought and Contemporary Linguistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQh0bC5RAe8C |year=1976|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-005818-5}}
* {{citation |last=Warder |first=Anthony Kennedy |year=2009 |title=A Course in Indian Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-8120812444}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|editor=Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya|editor-link=Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya|title=The Mimansa Darsana (Bibliotheca Indica)|url=https://archive.org/stream/bibliothecaindi04unkngoog#page/n6/mode/1up|year=1889|publisher=Baptist Mission Press}}
*{{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Satischandra |author2=Datta, Dhirendramohan |title=An Introduction to Indian Philosophy |year=1984 |publisher=University of Calcutta |location=Calcutta |edition=Eighth Reprint }}
*{{cite book | last = Müeller | first = Max | author-link= Max Müller |year = 1899 | title = Six Systems of Indian Philosophy; Samkhya and Yoga, Naya and Vaiseshika| publisher = Susil Gupta (India) Ltd.| location = Calcutta | isbn=0-7661-4296-5}} Reprint edition; Originally published under the title of ''The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy''.
*{{cite book |last=Radhakrishnan |first=S. |author-link=Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |author2=Moore, CA |author-link2=Charles A. Moore |title=A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy |year=1967 |publisher=Princeton |isbn=0-691-01958-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/sourcebookinindi00radh }}
*{{cite book |last=Ramaswami Shastri|first=R.A.|title=A Short History Of The Purva Mimamsa Shastra|series=Annamalai University Sanskrit Series No. 3|year=1936}}
*{{cite book |last=Potter |first=Karl H. |author-link=Karl Harrington Potter |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Volume 16: Philosophy of Purva-Mimamsa|year=2014 |publisher=Motilal Barnassidas |location=Calcutta }}
*{{cite book|last=Verpoorten|first=Jean-Marie|title=Mimamsa literature (A History of Indian literature)|year=1987|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3447026765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqlMW3WVb8cC}}
*{{cite book |last=Zimmer |first=Heinrich |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer |title=Philosophies of India |year=1951 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=New York, New York |isbn=0-691-01758-1 }} Bollingen Series XXVI; Edited by [[Joseph Campbell]].

==External links==
{{NIE Poster|Mimamsa}}
*[https://archive.org/details/mimamsasutra00jaimuoft The Mimamsa Sutras of Jaimini]
*[https://archive.org/stream/lokavartikatra00kuma#page/n25/mode/2up Introduction to Purva-Mimamsa] G. Jha (Translator), Asiatic Society of Bengal
*[[S. Srikanta Sastri]], "The Logical system of [[Madhvacharya ]]" Published in Poona Oriental Series, No. 75 – "A Volume of Studies in Indology", presented to [[P. V. Kane]] [http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/logical-system-of-madvacharya/4581147325 on his 60th birthday] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717032348/https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/logical-system-of-madvacharya/4581147325 |date=17 July 2020 }}

{{Hindudharma}}
{{Indian philosophy}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mimamsa}}
[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]
[[Category:Hermeneutics]]
[[Category:Ritual]]
[[Category:Schools and traditions in ancient Indian philosophy]]
[[Category:Āstika]]

Bank of India (Uganda)

2025-11-25T15:05:07Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Short description|Commercial bank in Uganda}}
{{Infobox company |
name = Bank of India (Uganda)|
logo = |
type = [[Private company|Private]]|
slogan = |
foundation = 2012|
location = [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]|
key_people = '''Rajneesh Karnatak''' [[Managing Director|Group CEO]] '''Dr Wenceslaus Rama Makuza''' [[Chairman]]<ref>{{cite web |date=20 June 2012 |access-date=1 May 2014 |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Bank+of+India+urged+on+agriculture+as+it+resumes+operations/-/688322/1430762/-/k4bionz/-/index.html |title=Bank of India Urged On Agriculture As It Resumes Operations |first=Flavia |last=Nalubega |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> '''Srikant Ashok Wikhe''' [[Managing Director]] and [[CEO]]|
num_employees = 40|
assets = (UGX 204 billion) (US$ 54.91 million) (2018)|
revenue = {{profit}}Aftertax:US$ 1,106,864 + (UGX 4.1 billion) (2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Bad Year For Banks|date=10 May 2013|first=Julius|last=Businge|access-date=1 May 2014|url=http://www.independent.co.ug/business/business-news/7773-bad-year-for-banks|publisher=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216154353/http://www.independent.co.ug/business/business-news/7773-bad-year-for-banks|url-status=dead}}</ref>|
industry = [[Financial services]]|
products = [[Retail Banking]], Corporate Banking, [[Investments]], [[Remittances]], [[Loans]]|
parent = [[Bank of India]]|
homepage =[http://www.boiuganda.co.ug/english/home_uga.aspx Homepage]|
}}

'''Bank of India (Uganda) Limited''' (BOIUL), commonly referred to as Bank of India (Uganda), is a [[commercial bank]] in [[Uganda]]. The MD of this bank is Mr.Srikant Ashok Wikhe. It is licensed by the [[Bank of Uganda]], the national banking regulator.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_institutions/2013/Information-for-Commercial-Banks-2015.pdf|title=List of Licensed Commercial Banks As At June 2015|format=PDF|last=BOU|publisher=[[Bank of Uganda]] (BOU)|date=June 2015|access-date=18 December 2015|location=Kampala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124328/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_institutions/2013/Information-for-Commercial-Banks-2015.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Overview==
Bank of India Uganda Limited opened in 2012 with an objective to become a key financial player for corporate, medium business and up-market retail customers and developmental banking for micro and small business, while providing cost effective services. It offers a wide range of products that include savings deposit, current account, fixed deposits, recurring deposit, personal loans, retail loans, SME loans, corporate loans, bill discounting, letters of credit and bank guarantees.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BKIDUGKAXXX BIC / SWIFT Code - BANK OF INDIA (UGANDA) LTD Uganda|url=https://transferwise.com/gb/swift-codes/BKIDUGKAXXX|website=TransferWise|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref>

{{asof|December 2018}} Bank of India (Uganda) had total assets of USh 204 billion, with customer deposits of USh 125.45 billion, and a loan book of Shs 127.34 billion. During the 12 months ended 31 December 2018, the bank recorded a profit of USh 4.1 billion after taxes.<ref name="Data">{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/BoU-no-takeover-India-Mutebile/688322-4313164-qcr5px/index.html |
title=Bank of Uganda dismisses reports about taking over Bank of India |access-date=20 February 2018 |date=20 February 2018 | newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |first=Jonathan |location=Kampala |
last=Adengo}}</ref>

==History==
Bank of India began its international expansion in 1946 by opening its first branch in London and the first Indian Bank to do so. It opened branches in Tokyo (1950), Singapore (1951), Kenya and Uganda (1953), Hong Kong (1960) and so on. Following the expulsion of [[Asia]]ns from the country by [[Idi Amin]] in 1972, BOIU sold its assets to [[Bank of Baroda]] and exited the country. In 2012, the BOIUL returned as it was issued a commercial banking license by the Bank of Uganda and it started business operations on 18 June 2012. The Bank has been making profits from the first year of its operations and declared the dividends in its fifth year of operations. The bank is one of the better performing bank amongst all the newer banks in the country in terms of business growth, profitability and asset quality with nil NPA. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news/5703-bank-of-india-returns-to-uganda-|title=Bank of India Returns To Uganda|first=Julius|last=Businge|date=2 May 2012|access-date=1 May 2014|publisher=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]|archive-date=1 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501235724/http://www.independent.co.ug/news/news/5703-bank-of-india-returns-to-uganda-|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/New+banks+kick+off++operations+amid+market+volatilities/-/688322/1422854/-/icwevp/-/index.html|title=New Banks Kick Off Operations Amid Market Volatilities|first=Flavia|last=Nalubega|date=8 June 2012|publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]|access-date=1 May 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004040/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/New%20banks%20kick%20off%20%20operations%20amid%20market%20volatilities/-/688322/1422854/-/icwevp/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|
url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/632138-bank-of-india-returns-after-4-decades.html|title=Bank of India Returns After 4 Decades|publisher=[[New Vision]]|
date=19 June 2012|first=Andrew Ssenyonga|last=Samuel Sanya|access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref>

==Bank of India Group==
BOIUL is a member of the Bank of India Group, a financial services [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] whose shares are listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]. The stock of the group is 65.9 percent owned by the [[Government of India]]. The group is one of the five largest banks in India, with over 5,000 branches, spread over 23 countries (60 offices) and over 8,000 [[Automated teller machine|ATMs]]. The member companies of Bank of India Group include but are not limited to the following:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201207021723.html|
title=Bank of India Returns to Uganda |access-date=1 May 2014 | first=Eriosi |last=Nantaba |date=1 July 2012 |
publisher=[[East African Business Week]] via [[AllAfrica.com]]}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Bank of India]]: [[India]]
* Bank of India (Botswana): [[Botswana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofindia.co.bw/english/Aboutus.aspx|title=About Bank of India (Botswana)|access-date=1 May 2014|publisher=Bank of India (Botswana)|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626014750/http://www.bankofindia.co.bw/english/Aboutus.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Bank of India (Kenya)]]: [[Kenya]]
* Bank of India (Tanzania): [[Tanzania]]
* Bank of India (Uganda): [[Uganda]]
* [[Indo-Zambia Bank Limited]]: [[Zambia]] (20 percent shareholding)
* Bank of India (South Africa): [[South Africa]]
* Bank of India (New Zealand): [[New Zealand]]
* Bank of India: [[New York City|New York]]
* Bank of India: [[London]]
* Bank of India: [[Paris]]
* Bank of India: [[Tokyo]]
* Bank of India: [[Hong Kong]]
* Bank of India: [[Singapore]]
}}

==Location==
BOIUL has two branches located at 37 Jinja Road, [[Kampala-Jinja Highway]], [[Kampala]] and at Equatorial Mall, Bombo Road, Kampala.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 February 2018 |url=http://www.boiuganda.co.ug/english/contact_us.aspx |title=The Branches of Bank of India (Uganda) |date=20 February 2018 |publisher=Bank of India (Uganda) (BOIUL) |author=BOIUL |location=Kampala |archive-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221102541/http://www.boiuganda.co.ug/english/contact_us.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[List of banks in Uganda]]
* [[Bank of Uganda]]
* [[Banking in Uganda]]
* [[Bank of India]]
* [[Economy of Uganda]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.bou.or.ug/bou/home.html Website of Bank of Uganda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228045357/http://www.bou.or.ug/bou/home.html |date=2012-02-28 }}
* [http://www.bankofindia.com/ Website of Bank of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216223845/http://bankofindia.com/ |date=2014-12-16 }}
* [https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Ugandan-banks-suffer-effects-of-bad-loans--expansion-in-2012-/-/2560/1849400/-/item/1/-/7n8dqt/-/index.html Ugandan Banks Suffer Effects of Bad Loans, Expansion in 2012]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Authority control}}
{{Kampala District}}

[[Category:Banks of Uganda]]
[[Category:Banks established in 2012]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kampala]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Uganda]]

Kavita Krishnan

2025-11-25T06:26:59Z

NydiaSilverman2: general enhance content for consistency additionally and updated info

{{Indian name|Kavita|Krishnan}}
{{short description|Indian Politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kavita Krishnan
| image = Kavita Krishnan 02.jpg
| birth_name = Kavita Krishnan
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1973}}<ref name="kavita42">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20130128-cpiml-activist-kavita-krishnan-on-delhi-gangrape-december-16-761462-1999-11-29|title=The Mass Mobiliser|date=30 November 1999 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212011847/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cpiml-activist-kavita-krishnan-on-delhi-gangrape-december-16/1/242792.html|archive-date=12 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Coonoor]], [[Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="kavita42"/>
| education = [[University of Mumbai]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
| occupation = [[Politician]] [[Human Rights| Human Rights Activist]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation]]
| office1 = Secretary of the [[All India Progressive Women's Association]]
| term_start1 = 2017
| term_end1 = 2022
| office2 = [[Politburo]] Member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]]
| term_start2 = 2016
| term_end2 = 2022
}}

'''Kavita Krishnan''' is a [[women's rights]] activist who has publicised the problem of violence against women following the [[2012 Delhi gang rape]] of [[Nirbhaya]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjay |title=Interview with Kavita Krishnan |url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/01/kavita-krishnan/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523153826/https://thediplomat.com/2014/01/kavita-krishnan/ |archivedate=23 May 2014 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |publisher=The Diplomat |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Krishnan was also a politburo member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]] and had been a member of its Central Committee for over two decades. She was also the editor of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI (M-L) Liberation's]] monthly publication, ''Liberation'' <ref>{{Cite web|title = CPI (ML) Liberation {{!}} Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal|url = http://links.org.au/taxonomy/term/65|website = links.org.au|access-date = 2016-02-22|url-status = live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172210/http://links.org.au/taxonomy/term/65|archivedate = 3 March 2016|df = dmy-all}}</ref> and the Secretary of the [[All India Progressive Women's Association|AIPWA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=AIPWA blog |url=http://aipwa-aipwa.blogspot.com/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531091025/http://aipwa-aipwa.blogspot.com/ |archivedate=31 May 2014 |accessdate=30 May 2014 |publisher=AIPWA |df=dmy-all}}</ref> She quit CPI (ML) Liberation in 2022.<ref name=":1" />

==Early background and personal life==
Kavita Krishnan was born to Tamil parents in [[Coonoor]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. She grew up in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh.<ref name="kavita42"/> Her father worked as an engineer at a steel plant while her mother taught English. She completed her BA from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]. Krishnan received an [[MPhil]] in English Literature at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

===Early Activism===

Kavita Krishnan became part of a theater group led by [[Arun Ferreira]] in [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]] (affiliated college of [[University of Mumbai]]) and she would participate in street plays and protests. Her serious stint with political activism took place when she joined the [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] where she earned her master's degree and was elected Joint Secretary of the Students' Union in 1995. She was a member of the [[All India Students Association]] while she studied in JNU.<ref>{{cite web|last=Iqbal|first=Naveed|title=The making of an activist|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-making-of-an-activist/1084817/0|publisher=The Indian Express|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702100958/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-making-of-an-activist/1084817/0|archivedate=2 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She became seriously involved with activism when she met the student leader [[Chandrashekhar Prasad]] who was also a student at JNU and a member of AISA. Fondly remembered as Chandu by the students of JNU even today, Chandrashekhar was murdered along with fellow CPI(ML) leader Shyam Narayan Yadav on 31 March 1997 in [[Siwan, Bihar]] while addressing a street meeting. Kavita Krishnan's life as an activist took a serious turn after this incident. Chandrashekhar, who had been the President of the JNU Students' Union the year before Krishnan was elected the Joint Secretary, was the first to recognise her passion and to suggest her to work full-time for women's rights.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bazliel|first=Sharla|title=Kavita Krishnan on Delhi gangrape|date=30 November 1999 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20130128-cpiml-activist-kavita-krishnan-on-delhi-gangrape-december-16-761462-1999-11-29|publisher=India Today|access-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212011847/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cpiml-activist-kavita-krishnan-on-delhi-gangrape-december-16/1/242792.html|archive-date=12 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Following Chandu's murder, thousands of JNU students participated in mass demonstrations, demanding action against former [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] parliamentarian [[Mohammad Shahabuddin]], whose men, they alleged, had carried out the attack.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Three sentenced to life in Chandrasekhar murder case|journal=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-sentenced-to-life-in-chandrasekhar-murder-case/article3220897.ece|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227080204/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/three-sentenced-to-life-in-chandrasekhar-murder-case/article3220897.ece|archivedate=27 February 2014|df=dmy-all|date=2012-03-24|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> Krishnan was part of the protests in Delhi, where the student protesters were attacked by [[Laloo Yadav]]'s men at Bihar Bhawan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Joshi|first=Rajesh|title=Red Island Erupts|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Red-Island-Erupts/203394|publisher=Outlook|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404154035/http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Red-Island-Erupts/203394|archivedate=4 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She spent eight days in jail for her participation in the protests.<ref>{{cite web|last=Krishnan|first=Kavita|title=Tongueless in Tihar|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main16.asp?filename=Cr030406Tongueless.asp|publisher=Tehelka|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402185852/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main16.asp?filename=Cr030406Tongueless.asp|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=INDIA: Student leader arrested for 1997 protest|url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/34635|publisher=Green Left Weekly|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023054429/https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/34635|archivedate=23 October 2015|df=dmy-all|date=2016-09-05}}</ref>

=== Role in Nirbhaya Protests ===

While emerging as one of the most influential activists<ref>{{cite web|last=Ray|first=Tinku|title=NPR Blogs|work=NPR |date=10 March 2015 |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2015/03/10/392111392/an-anti-rape-activist-is-disturbed-by-indias-daughter|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321095317/http://www.npr.org/blogs/goatsandsoda/2015/03/10/392111392/an-anti-rape-activist-is-disturbed-by-indias-daughter|archivedate=21 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> during the massive anti-rape protests that followed the rape and murder of a 23-year-old girl in [[India]]'s capital city, [[New Delhi]], Kavita Krishnan has contributed substantially to shaping the discourse of the movement. One of the speeches that she made at the protest outside Delhi Chief Minister [[Sheila Dikshit]]'s house quickly went viral on YouTube<ref>{{cite web|title=Kavita Krishnan, Secretary of the All India Progressive Women's Association (AIPWA)| date=19 December 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbOhDJFc0Dc|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328092642/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbOhDJFc0Dc|archivedate=28 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and has received over 60,000 views so far. In this speech, she laid out a kind of manifesto of the movement, one that represented a major break from the securitised, protectionist standpoint which was rife at that time and articulated women's freedom as the main demand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Freedom Without Fear Is What We Need To Protect, To Guard And Respect|url=http://www.tehelka.com/freedom-without-fear-is-what-we-need-to-protect-to-guard-and-respect/?singlepage=1|publisher=Tehelka|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508225603/http://www.tehelka.com/freedom-without-fear-is-what-we-need-to-protect-to-guard-and-respect/?singlepage=1|archive-date=8 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=View Point: Kavitha Krishnan, Sheila Dixit and this rape culture|url=http://www.thealternative.in/society/view-point-kavitha-krishnan-outside-delhi-cms-office/|publisher=The Alternative|accessdate=25 March 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103233/http://www.thealternative.in/society/view-point-kavitha-krishnan-outside-delhi-cms-office/|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In this speech, she argued against the prevalent commonsense that death penalty was the solution to rape. She pointed out that the conviction rates for rape in India are extremely low and, therefore, methods such as chemical castration and death penalty can't act as deterrents. She made a strong case for arguing on the basis of women's "unqualified freedom", "freedom without fear". Her views on death penalty have been influential in shaping the discourse around rape in the aftermath of the post 16 December anti-rape protests.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Nishita|title=An Interview With Kavita Krishnan|url=http://www.tehelka.com/we-shouldnt-suffer-from-the-delusion-that-the-death-sentence-will-deter-rape/|publisher=Tehelka|accessdate=25 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017034232/http://www.tehelka.com/we-shouldnt-suffer-from-the-delusion-that-the-death-sentence-will-deter-rape/|archive-date=17 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='On the death penalty for rape' Kavita Krishnan|url=http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/expertsspeak/kavita-krishnan-secretary-of-the-all-india-progressive-womens-association/|publisher=Death Penalty Research Project, NLU|accessdate=26 March 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121300/http://www.deathpenaltyindia.com/expertsspeak/kavita-krishnan-secretary-of-the-all-india-progressive-womens-association/|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandhu|first=Veenu|title=Interview with Kavita Krishnan|journal=Business Standard India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/rape-need-gender-just-laws-not-death-penalty-kavita-krishnan-112123000041_1.html|accessdate=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153152/http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/rape-need-gender-just-laws-not-death-penalty-kavita-krishnan-112123000041_1.html|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all|date=2012-12-29}}</ref> The demand for "'''Freedom Without Fear'''" became a rallying point for anti-rape protesters, and Kavita Krishnan's views on "Freedom" were extensively published.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gupta|first=Rahila|title=Women demand freedom, not surveillance - An Interview With Kavita Krishnan|url=http://www.tehelka.com/we-shouldnt-suffer-from-the-delusion-that-the-death-sentence-will-deter-rape/|publisher=Open Democracy|accessdate=26 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017034232/http://www.tehelka.com/we-shouldnt-suffer-from-the-delusion-that-the-death-sentence-will-deter-rape/|archive-date=17 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rao|first=Dipanjali|title=Freedom without fear|url=http://www.indianlink.com.au/freedom-without-fear/|publisher=Indian Link|accessdate=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092644/http://www.indianlink.com.au/freedom-without-fear/|archivedate=2 April 2015|df=dmy-all|date=2014-07-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rapists fear women's freedom; convene Parliament to pass bills on sexual violence: protester Kavita Krishnan|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rapists-fear-womens-freedom-convene-parliament-to-pass-bills-on-sexual-violence-protester-kavita-krishnan/312088-3.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161107212158/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rapists-fear-womens-freedom-convene-parliament-to-pass-bills-on-sexual-violence-protester-kavita-krishnan/312088-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2016|publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Banerjee|first=Poulomi|title=Our right to pleasure is always ignored: Kavita Krishnan|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/sexandrelationships/our-right-to-pleasure-is-always-ignored-kavita-krishnan/article1-1324007.aspx|publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=26 March 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326010130/http://www.hindustantimes.com/sexandrelationships/our-right-to-pleasure-is-always-ignored-kavita-krishnan/article1-1324007.aspx|archivedate=26 March 2015|df=dmy-all|date=2015-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Krishnan|first=Kavita|title=Patriarchy, Women's Freedom and Capitalism: Kavita Krishnan|url=http://kafila.org/2013/01/25/patriarchy-womens-freedom-and-capitalism-kavita-krishnan/|publisher=IBN Live|accessdate=26 March 2015|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321095622/http://kafila.org/2013/01/25/patriarchy-womens-freedom-and-capitalism-kavita-krishnan/|archivedate=21 March 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Statement on Sri Lankan Easter bombings ===
On [[2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings]], Krishnan made a premature claim on Twitter, suggesting that the attack was an act of "majoritarian terror against religious minorities."<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=kavita_krishnan |author=Kavita Krishnan |number=1119824942680264704 |title=Terror attack on church at #Easter in Sri Lanka.}}</ref> Khemta H Jose of [[The Quint]] wrote, "Kavita Krishnan, an Indian icon of the left, jumped to blame Sri Lanka's 'majority' (Sinhalese) for the Colombo bombings, before any investigation was completed – it's just one small example of the difference in the way the left deals with terror or extremism based on the identity of the perpetrator."<ref>{{cite news |last=Jose |first=Khemta H |date=11 July 2019 |title=Liberals' Denial of Islamist Terror Lets Bigots Act Like Good Guys |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/world/sri-lanka-terror-attack-easter-liberals-islamophobia |work=[[The Quint]] |access-date=4 February 2025}}</ref>

===Harassment===
She had told reporters, <blockquote>“These trolls … they are going after me regularly, routinely, for my skin color, for my looks, telling me I’m not worth raping, what kind of torture and rape I should be subjected to, telling me what kind of men I should be sleeping with … and on and on and on, more and more.”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Godin |first1=Melissa |title=From Threats of Gang Rape to Islamophobic Badgering, Indian Women Politicians Face High Levels of Online Abuse, Says Repor |url=https://time.com/5770213/india-women-politicians-twitter/ |accessdate=24 January 2020 |work=Time Magazine |archive-date=23 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123201850/https://time.com/5770213/india-women-politicians-twitter/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> </blockquote>

=== Fallout with CPI (M-L) Liberation ===
Through a Facebook post on 1 September 2022, Krishnan announced that the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPI (M-L) Liberation]] has relieved her of all party posts and responsibilities at her request; however, she will continue to remain a member of the party. This is being seen as a fallout of her differences with the leadership on various issues including those related to China and the Russo-Ukrainian War. In the preceding months, she had often criticised socialist and communist regimes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |title=Kavita Krishnan quits all posts in CPI(M-L) after calling Soviet regime, China autocratic |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1031872/kavita-krishnan-quits-all-posts-in-cpi-m-l-after-calling-soviet-regime-china-autocratic |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=Scroll.in |date=2 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Unnati |date=2022-09-02 |title='Left not fully consistent, coherent about democracy', says Kavita Krishnan after CPI(M-L) exit |url=https://theprint.in/politics/left-not-fully-consistent-coherent-about-democracy-says-kavita-krishnan-after-cpim-l-exit/1113426/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

She wrote in a social media post, <blockquote>“My friends on the Indian Left… could never reconcile to the fact that the peoples of USSR and especially its colonized Republics, chose not to retain the Soviet Union and that Gorbachev at the end of the day respected that choice instead of ‘imposing socialism by bayonets’ on people who had rejected it,… It is not enough to discuss the Stalin regime, USSR, or China as failed socialisms but as some of the world’s worst authoritarianisms that serve as a model for authoritarian regimes everywhere.”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Snigdhendu |first1=Bhattacharya |title=Dogma Continues to Plague the Indian Left |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/dogma-continues-to-plague-the-indian-left/ |accessdate=26 September 2022 |work=The Diplomat}}</ref> </blockquote>

== Book reception: Fearless Freedom ==
Fearless Freedom by Kavita Krishnan was published in May 2020.

=== Popular reception by Women's Web ===
A more popular reception of ''Fearless Freedom'' was done by Women's Web, a popular Indian blogpost which celebrates women's voices. Author Piyusha Vir talks about how ''Fearless Freedom'' acknowledges that, ''‘Confinement to the home itself is a form of violence that is not even acknowledged.’''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vir |first=Piyusha |date=16 March 2020 |title=Kavita Krishnan On Why Women's Safety Shouldn't Mean A Patriarchal Control Of Their Lives |url=https://www.womensweb.in/2020/03/fearless-freedom-kavita-krishnan-book-review-mar20wk2sr/ |access-date=3 April 2022 |website=Womensweb.in |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718001139/https://www.womensweb.in/2020/03/fearless-freedom-kavita-krishnan-book-review-mar20wk2sr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and how that acknowledgement came as a "rude reality check" for her. This reality check made Vir think of how women's lives in India are surveilled in the name of safety, and it makes her question, What can we do to dismantle this deeply patriarchal society and the system?<ref name=":0" />

=== Academic reception by Aishwarya Bhuta ===
Aishwarya Bhuta gave a book review of ''Fearless Freedom'' in the Society and Culture in South Asia journal. Bhuta talks about how this book is written with a backdrop of the [[2012 Delhi gang rape and murder|2012 Delhi Gang rape case]] which makes Krishnan reiterate her statement: "Death penalty is not a deterrent to rape," and how women's fearless freedom should be protected at all costs. This review by Aishwarya Bhuta talks a little bit about how the style of how this book was written; says the writing style is simple, and it consists of personal experiences, excerpts from autobiographies, instances from Cinema and poetry<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhuta |first=Aishwarya |date=29 January 2021 |title=Book review: Kavita Krishnan, Fearless Freedom |journal=Society and Culture in South Asia |volume=7 |pages={{!}}page=190–192|doi=10.1177/2393861720949806 |s2cid=231808658 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Recognition==
She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2022-12-18}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{authority control}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, Kavita}}
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:Marxist feminists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:People from Coonoor]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation politicians]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Journalists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:Activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist journalists]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]

List of Indian pickles

2025-11-22T07:35:22Z

NydiaSilverman2: updated information for clarity and corrected details per sources

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Mangopickle.jpg|thumb|175px|Indian hot [[mango pickle]]]]
This is a list of common '''Indian pickles''', which have a wide range of flavours and textures.

Indian pickles are generally [[Pickling|pickled]] with oil, vinegar, lemon juice, or water.<ref name="InvitationIndianCooking">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFyqJdn0qZMC&dq=indian+pickle+relish&pg=PA227 | title=An Invitation to Indian Cooking | publisher=Knopf; distributed by Random House | year=1973 | accessdate=April 20, 2012 | author=Jaffrey, Madhur | pages=225–228| isbn=9780307957856 }} {{ISBN|0394481720}}</ref> Indian pickles are often made into fresh [[relish]] and [[chutney]],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PxqCy0R-VzAC&dq=indian+pickle+relish&pg=PA120 | title=H.J. Heinz: A Biography | publisher=McFarland & Co | year=2009 | accessdate=April 19, 2012 | author=Skrabec, Quentin R. | pages=120| isbn=9780786453320 }} {{ISBN|9780786441785}}</ref> which provides additional flavours to food. Many types of foods in [[Indian cuisine]] are pickled, such as<ref name="InvitationIndianCooking"/><ref name="ClassicIndianCooking">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wC-xrLWouSIC&dq=indian+pickle&pg=PA446 | title=Classic Indian Cooking | author=Sahni, Julie | publisher=Morrow | year=1980 | accessdate=April 19, 2012 | pages=445–450| isbn=9780688037215 }} {{ISBN|0688037216}}</ref> [[mango]]es,<ref name="ClassicIndianCooking"/> [[Indian gooseberry|gooseberries]], and [[lemon]]s.<ref name="ClassicIndianCooking"/> Some Indian families have family recipes for pickles and chutney, passed down through generations.<ref name="InvitationIndianCooking"/>

== Nomenclature ==

Pickle in general is known by different names throughout India.

1) '''Āchār''' (আচার) in [[Bengali language|Bangla]]

2) '''Achār''' (अचार) in [[Hindi]]

3) '''Ūrugāi''' (ஊறுகாய்) in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]

4) '''Achar''' (അച്ചാർ) in [[Malayalam]]

5) '''Uppinakāyi''' (ಉಪ್ಪಿನಕಾಯಿ) in [[Kannada]]

6) '''Uppaḍ''' (ಉಪ್ಪಡ್) in [[Tulu language|Tulu]]

7) '''Ūragāya''' (ఊరగాయ) or '''Pacchaḍi''' (పచ్చడి) in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]

8) '''Loṇcha''' (लोणचं) in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Konkani language|Konkani]]

9) '''Juā''' (ଜୁଆ) or '''Āchārå''' (ଆଚାର) in [[Odia language|Odia]]

10) '''Athaṇũ''' (અથાણું) in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].

== Pickle gooseberry ==
'''Pickle gooseberry''' or '''[[Indian gooseberry]] pickle''' is a popular spicy pickle in [[South Asian pickle|South Asia]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]]. Gooseberries are a good source of vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium, and phosphorus.<ref>[http://www.indianfoodforever.com/food-guide/wonderful-amla.html Amla (Gooseberry) Fruit, Triphala Powder, Indian Gooseberry]</ref> It is prepared by [[pressure-cooking]] gooseberries. Then, mustard seeds are tempered in oil and the gooseberries and other ingredients are added.<ref>[http://www.4thsensecooking.com/2010/09/gooseberry-pickle-nellikai-oorukai.html Gooseberry Pickle / Nellikai Oorukai | 4th Sense Cooking]</ref> The pickle can be stored in a refrigerator and used for about 15 days.

==Assorted pickle==
'''Assorted pickle''', also referred to as '''mixed pickles''', is [[mixed pickle]] in [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] and [[Pakistani cuisine]]. It is prepared by boiling a marinade and then cooking vegetables in the marinade.<ref>[http://www.tarladalal.com/Assorted-Pickles-394r Assorted Pickles recipe | Soup Recipes | Salad Recipes | by Tarla Dalal | Tarladalal.com | #394]</ref>

==Carrot pickle==
'''Carrot pickle''' is prepared by [[dicing]] a [[carrot]] and adding [[Chili pepper|green chili peppers]] and ginger.<ref>[http://www.indian-recipes.co.in/recipe/carrot-pickle/280/ Carrot Pickle Recipe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209074116/http://www.indian-recipes.co.in/recipe/carrot-pickle/280/ |date=2012-02-09 }}</ref>

==Garlic pickle==
'''Garlic pickle''' is a popular spicy pickle in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamilnadu]].{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} It is prepared by mixing peeled garlic cloves with mustard seeds and [[jaggery]] along with a pinch of salt, with jaggery acting as the sweetener. Tamil people add some turmeric , chilli powder and a pinch of salt to the stir fried garlic <ref>[http://www.gourmetgarlicgardens.com/pickle.htm Gourmet Garlic Gardens Preserving Garlic]</ref>

== Green chili pickle ==
'''Green chili pickle '''is manufactured in [[Rajasthan]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], and other places. It is commonly used as a condiment with the main dishes. In Rajasthan, it is prepared by slitting chillies length-wise and frying them with [[ginger]], [[garlic]], and green chili pickles. Other flavouring agents include [[Mango|mango powder]], [[citrus|nimbu ras]], and [[fenugreek]]. It is considered a Rajasthani specialty and is sometimes used as a flavour for Indian snack foods.

== Roselle leaves pickle ==
'''Roselle''' or '''[[hibiscus leaves pickle]]''' (''Hibiscus sabdariffa'') is a popular pickle in Andhra Pradesh where it is known as [[Gongura|gongura pacchadi]]. It is also consumed in [[Telangana]], [[Tamil Nadu]], Maharashtra, and Karnataka. In some of India's [[Northeast India|northeastern states]], the plant is known as ''aamelli'' or ''mwitha''.

==Indian pickle==
A dish termed "Indian pickle" may include [[cabbage]], [[cauliflower]], carrot, [[Green bean|french bean]]s (green beans), onion, radishes, [[gherkin]]s, [[celery]], garlic, and other foods.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voIEAAAAYAAJ&dq=indian+pickle&pg=PA232 | title=The New England Cook Book | publisher=Duffield & company | year=1912 | accessdate=April 19, 2012 | author=Wright, Helen S. | pages=232–234}} OCLC number: 3889790</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FykBAAAAQAAJ&dq=indian+pickle&pg=PA327 | title=Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery | year=1883 | publisher=Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. | accessdate=April 19, 2012 | pages=327}}</ref>
[[File:Lemon pickle in a plate1.jpg|thumb|Lemon pickle in India]]

==Meats==
Meats that are pickled in Indian cuisine include [[Lamb and mutton|mutton]], [[Fish]], [[pork]], [[quail]], [[chicken|sometimes chicken]], [[shrimp]], and [[lobster]].<ref name="InvitationIndianCooking"/>

==Onion pickle==
'''Spicy onion pickle''' is prepared by cutting onions into pieces and rubbing salt over them. After one day, the excess water is drained and the onions are marinated with other spices for four or five days.<ref>[http://www.indianfoodforever.com/pickles/spicy-onion-pickle.html Spicy Onion Pickle Recipe – How To Make Spicy Onion Pickle – Spicy Onion Pickle Recipe]</ref><ref>[http://www.tarladalal.com/Pickled-Baby-Onions-and-Garlic-3412r Pickled Baby Onions and Garlic recipe | Achaar Recipes | Paratha Recipes | by Tarla Dalal | Tarladalal.com | #3412]</ref><ref>[http://www.newkerala.com/recipes/Indian-Recipes/Pickle-Recipes/Onion-Pickle-Recipe.html Recipes India - Onion Pickle Recipe - NewKerala Recipes, Cooking Tips]</ref><ref>[http://recipewala.com/recipes/onion-chutney/ Onion Pickle/ Chutney Recipe by Recipewala.com]</ref>

==Raw mango and chickpea pickle==
'''Raw mango and chickpea pickle''' is prepared by marinating grated raw green mango with salt and turmeric powder for one day and mixing it with soaked [[chickpea]] and other ingredients, then letting it sit for four days.

==Red chili pickle==
'''Red chili pickle''' is prepared by slitting [[Chili pepper|red chillies]] length-wise, stuffing them with fenugreek powder, and placing them in a closed porcelain jar for one month.<ref>[http://www.indianfoodforever.com/pickles/stuffed-red-chilli-pickle.html Stuffed Red Chilli Pickle Recipe – How To Make Stuffed Red Chilli Pickle – Stuffed Red Chilli Pickle Recipe]</ref>
[[File:Red chilli pickle in a plate1.jpg|thumb|Red chilli picklefrom India]]

==Sweet mango pickle==
'''Sweet mango pickle''' is prepared by cutting mangoes into pieces and adding sugar syrup over them, along with other ingredients, then keeping them sealed in a jar under the sun until the mangoes become soft.<ref>[http://www.indianfoodforever.com/pickles/sweet-mango-pickle.html Sweet Mango Pickle Recipe – How To Make Sweet Mango Pickle – Sweet Mango Pickle Recipe]</ref>

==Sweet sour lemon pickle==
{{See also|Preserved lemon}}
'''Sweet sour lemon pickle''' is a sweet and sour pickle. It is prepared by cutting [[lemon]]s into halves and sprinkling salt and pouring sugar syrup over them and marinating for one week.<ref>[http://www.indianfoodforever.com/pickles/sweet-and-sour-lemon-pickle.html Sweet And Sour Lemon Pickle Recipe – How To Make Sweet And Sour Lemon Pickle – Sweet And Sour Lemon Pickle Recipe]</ref>

==Tomato pickle==
'''Tomato pickle''' is a spicy pickle. It is prepared by cooking ripe [[tomato]]es and adding spices along with [[Mustard seed|mustard]] powder.<ref>[http://www.indian-recipes.co.in/recipe/tomato-pickle/276/ Tomato Pickle Recipe] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209081716/http://www.indian-recipes.co.in/recipe/tomato-pickle/276/ |date=2012-02-09 }}</ref><ref>[http://recipewala.com/recipes/tomato-chutney/ Tomato Pickle/chutney Recipe by RecipeWala.com]</ref>

==Coconut chutney==
'''Coconut pickle''' is commonly served along with south Indian breakfasts. Unlike other pickles, it is perishable. It is made of grated raw coconut and has a much shorter preparation time than most Indian pickles.<ref>[http://recipewala.com/recipes/coconut-chutney/ Coconut Pickle/chutney Recipe by RecipeWala.com]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Food}}
{{Cookbook|Cuisine of India}}
* [[Indian cookbooks]]
* [[List of chutneys]]
* [[List of pickled foods]]
{{-}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Indian pickles| L]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine-related lists|Pickles]]

History of women's cricket

2025-11-18T10:03:49Z

NydiaSilverman2: expand article to improve readability further and improved wording for clarity

{{Short description|none}} 
{{No footnotes|date=July 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Cricket sidebar |expanded=all}}
[[Image:Test cricket - women - 1935.jpg|thumb|right|The 2nd [[Women's Test cricket|Women's Test match]] between [[Australian women's cricket team|Australia]] and [[English women's cricket team|England]] in Sydney in 1935.]]
The '''history of women's cricket''' can be traced back to a report in ''The [[Reading Mercury]]'' on 15 Aug 1745 and a match that took place between the villages of [[Bramley, Surrey|Bramley]] and [[Hambledon, Surrey|Hambledon]] near [[Guildford]] in Surrey.<ref name=Sykes2015>{{cite thesis|author1=Judy Threlfall-Sykes|title=A History of English Women's Cricket, 1880–1939|url=https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2086/12262/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|accessdate=29 July 2016|pages=55–56|date=October 2015}}</ref>

The ''Mercury'' reported:
:''"The greatest cricket match that was played in this part of England was on Friday, the 26th of last month, on Gosden Common, near Guildford, between eleven maids of Bramley and eleven maids of Hambledon, all dressed in white. The Bramley maids had blue ribbons and the Hambledon maids red ribbons on their heads. The Bramley girls got 119 notches and the Hambledon girls 127. There was of bothe sexes the greatest number that ever was seen on such an occasion. The girls bowled, batted, ran and catches as well as most men could do in that game."''<ref>Recorded by [[G B Buckley]] in ''Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket''. See also: [https://web.archive.org/web/20050225010527/http://www.ycb-yca.org.uk/a_history_of_womens_cricket.html History of Women's Cricket]</ref>

==Early years in England==
[[File:Cricket Match Played by the Countess of Derby and Other Ladies, 1779.jpg|thumb|right|A 1779 cricket match played by the [[Elizabeth Smith-Stanley, Countess of Derby|Countess of Derby]] and other ladies.]]
Early matches were not necessarily gentil affairs.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Guttman
| first =Allen
| title =Women's Sports: A History
| publisher =Columbia University Press
| date =1991
| page =[https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle/page/79 79]
| isbn =978-0231069571
| url =https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle/page/79
}}</ref> A match, on 13 July 1747, held at the Artillery Ground between a team from Charlton and another from [[West Dean, West Sussex|Westdean]] and [[Chilgrove]] in Sussex spilled over into the following day after it was interrupted by crowd trouble. Contemporary records show that women's matches were played on many occasions between villages in [[Sussex]], Hampshire and [[Surrey]]. Other matches, often held in front of large crowds with heavy betting on the side, pitted single women against their married counterparts. Prizes ranged from barrels of ale to pairs of lace gloves. The first county match was held in 1811 between Surrey and Hampshire at [[Ball's Pond]] in [[Middlesex]]. Two noblemen underwrote the game with 1,000 guineas, and its participants ranged in age from 14 to 60.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Martineau |first=G. D. |title="Extraordinary Female Cricket-match |url=https://magazine.cricketarchive.com/Magazine/1961/vol_42_no_6/14/index.html |magazine=The Cricketer |publication-date=8 July 1961 |volume=42 |issue=6 |page=268 |via=CricketArchive |access-date=13 May 2024}}</ref>

Originally, [[delivery (cricket)|cricket deliveries]] were bowled [[underarm bowling|underarm]]. Legend has it that the [[roundarm bowling]] action was pioneered in the early 19th century by [[Christiana Willes]], sister of [[John Willes (cricketer)|John Willes]], to avoid becoming ensnared in her [[skirt]]s. In fact, roundarm was devised by [[Tom Walker (cricketer)|Tom Walker]] in the 1790s.

[[Image:TheOriginalEnglishLadyCricketers RedLillywhite1890.jpg|thumb|right|The Original English Lady Cricketers 1890]]

The first women's cricket club was formed in 1887 at [[Nun Appleton]] in Yorkshire and named the [[White Heather Club (cricket)|White Heather Club]]. In 1890, a team known as the [[Original English Lady Cricketers]], toured England, playing in exhibition matches to large crowds. The team was highly successful until its manager absconded with the profits, forcing the ladies to disband.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cricket, History of – MSN Encarta |url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556099_2/Cricket_History_of.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312230649/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556099_2/Cricket_History_of.html |archivedate=12 March 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[James Lillywhite's Cricketers' Annual]] for 1890 has a photograph of the team and short article on women's cricket. "As an exercise, cricket is probably not so severe as lawn tennis, and it is certainly not so dangerous as hunting or skating; and if, therefore, the outcome of the present movement is to induce ladies more generally to play cricket, we shall consider that a good result has been attained."

[[File:Pioneer wcc 1902.jpg|thumb|left|Pioneers Cricket Club, South Africa, 1902]]

The [[Women's Cricket Association]] was founded in 1926. The England team first played against The Rest at Leicester in 1933 and undertook the first international tour to Australia in 1934–35, playing the first [[Women's Test match]] between [[English women's cricket team|England]] and [[Australian women's cricket team|Australia]] in December 1934. After winning two tests and drawing one. England travelled on to New Zealand where [[Betty Snowball]] scored 189 in the first Test in Christchurch.

==Early years in Australia==
[[File:Lily Poulett-Harris (1873-1897).jpg|thumb|left|Photograph of Miss Lily Poulett-Harris, founding mother of women's cricket in Australia.]]
[[Barbara Rae (cricketer)|Barbara Rae]] was the founder, captain, and top scorer of the winning team in Australia's first recorded women's cricket match, held on 7 April 1874 in Bendigo, Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australia First Women’s Cricket Match – findingher |url=https://findingher.org.au/directory/australia-first-womens-cricket-match/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The founding mother of women's cricket in Australia was the young Tasmanian, [[Lily Poulett-Harris]], who captained the Oyster Cove team in the league she created in 1894. Lily's obituary, from her death a few years later in 1897, states that her team was almost certainly the first to be formed in the colonies [http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article9403855?searchTerm=lily+poulett] [https://www.mbmaliksports.com/seeing-a-woman-wielding-a-cricket-bat-is-a-sight-to-behold/]. Following this, the [[Victoria Women's Cricket Association]] was founded in 1905 and the [[Australian Women's Cricket Association]] in 1931. The current competition is run by the [[Women's National Cricket League]].
==The spread to other countries==
The [[International Women's Cricket Council]] was formed in 1958 to coordinate women's cricket which was now being played regularly in Australia, England, New Zealand, South Africa, the [[West Indies]], Denmark and the Netherlands. Test cricket has now been played by Australia, England, India, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and the West Indies. 131 women's Test matches have been played to date, the majority featuring England or Australia. Originally these were three-day matches, but since 1985 most have been played over four days. England have played 87 Test matches since their first in 1934, winning 19, losing 11 and drawing 57. Australia have played 67 in the same period, winning 18, losing nine and drawing 40.

The highest total is Australia's 569 for six declared against England Women in 1998, and the highest individual score is the 242 recorded by Kiran Baluch for Pakistan Women against West Indies Women at the National Stadium, Karachi in 2003/04. Five other women have scored double centuries. [[Neetu David]] of India took eight wickets in an innings against England in 1995/56 and seven wickets have fallen to the same bowler on ten occasions. The best match figures, 13 for 226 were recorded by [[Shaiza Khan]] for Pakistan Women against West Indies Women in Karachi in 2003/04. Three English batsmen, Janet Brittin with 1935 runs at 49.61, [[Charlotte Edwards]], 1621 at 49.09 and [[Rachel Heyhoe-Flint]] with 1594 at 45.54, head the all-time run scoring lists while six other women have scored more than 1,000 Test runs. [[Mary Duggan]] of England took 77 Test wickets at 13.49 while Australia's Betty Wilson took 68 at 11.8. Seven other women have 50 or more victims to their name [https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/WTests/Overall/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016223330/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/WTests/Overall/index.html |date=16 October 2011 }}.

[[Betty Wilson]] was the first player, male or female, to record a century and ten wickets in a Test match, against England at the MCG in 1958. In a remarkable match Australia were bowled out for 38 but gained a first innings lead of three in dismissing England for 35 in reply, with Wilson taking seven for seven. 35 remains the lowest total ever recorded in a women's Test. Australia, thanks to Wilson's century, set England 206 to win but the visitors held on for a draw. In 1985, Australia's Under-21 National Women's Cricket Championship was renamed the Betty Wilson Shield in her honour. Another phenomenal club performance saw right-hander [[Jan Molyneaux]] make a record 298 for Olympic v Northcote in Melbourne's A grade final in 1967. Molyneaux also made 252 not out on a separate occasion in a 477 run partnership with [[Dawn Rae]], again for Olympic.

==Women's cricket in the modern era==
Club and county cricket in England has undergone constant evolution. There is currently a National Knock-Out Cup and a league structure culminating in a Northern and Southern Premier league. The major county competition is the LV [[Women's County Championship]], while Super Fours, featuring teams named after precious stones, bridges the gap for the elite players between domestic and international competition.

In April 1970, MCC's traditional Easter coaching classes at [[Lord's]] were attended by Sian Davies and Sally Slowe of [[Cheltenham Ladies' College]] (see photo in ''Wisden at Lord's'', page 129) breaking the 'gender barrier'. The first [[Women's Cricket World Cup]] was held in England in 1973, funded in part by businessman [[Jack Hayward]], and won by the hosts at Lords in front of Princess Anne. [[Enid Bakewell]] and [[Lynne Thomas (cricketer)|Lynne Thomas]], making their international debuts for England, scored unbeaten hundreds against an International XI in Brighton in a stand of 246, a record which stood for a quarter of a century [http://content.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/current/story/396718.html]. Lord's staged its first women's [[Test cricket|Test match]] in 1979, between England and Australia.

One-Day International cricket has been played by Australia, Denmark, England, India, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand. Pakistan, Scotland, South Africa, Sri Lanka and the West Indies while Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and International XIs have played in World Cups. 707 ODIs have been played up to the end of the 2009 World Cup. The 455 for 5 smashed by New Zealand Women against Pakistan Women at Hagley Oval, Christchurch in 1996/97 remains the highest team score while the Netherlands Women were bowled out for just 22 against West Indies Women at Sportpark Het Schootsveld in Deventer in 2008.

The Women's Cricket Association handed over the running of women's cricket in England to the [[England and Wales Cricket Board]] (ECB) in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ecb.co.uk/womens/ |title=England and Wales Cricket Board |access-date=15 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408030435/http://www.ecb.co.uk/womens/ |archive-date=8 April 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2005, after the eighth Women's World Cup, the International Women's Cricket Council was officially integrated under the umbrella of the [[International Cricket Council]], and an ICC Women's Cricket Committee was formed to consider all matters relating to women's cricket.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/women/history.html |title=ICC Women's Cricket Committee |access-date=17 December 2006 |archive-date=21 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321171506/http://www.icc-cricket.com/women/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 2009 World Cup, the first held under the auspices of the ICC was won by England, the first English team of either sex to win an ICC competition.

Women have beaten male teams to several milestones in one-day cricket. They were the first to play an international Twenty/20 match, England taking on New Zealand at Hove in 2004. The first tie in a one-day international was also between Women's teams, hosts New Zealand tying the first match of the World Cup in 1982 against England, who went on to record another tie against Australia in the same competition. Female wicket keepers were the first to record 6 dismissals in a one-day international, New Zealand's [[Sarah Illingworth]] and India's [[Venkatacher Kalpana]] both accounting for 6 batsman on the same day in the 1993 World Cup and [[Belinda Clark]], the former Australian captain, is the only female player to have scored a double hundred in an ODI, recording an unbeaten 229 in the 1997 World Cup against Denmark. Pakistan's [[Sajjida Shah]] is the youngest player to appear in international cricket, playing against Ireland four months after her 12th birthday. She also holds the record for the best bowling figures in a one-day international, taking 7 wickets for just 4 runs against Japan Women at the Sportpark Drieburg in Amsterdam in 2003. Fast bowler [[Cathryn Fitzpatrick]] of Australia took 180 wickets in her one-day international career.

In 2009 England batsman [[Claire Taylor]] was named one of [[Wisden's five cricketers of the year]] [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/cricket/article6025193.ece]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, the first woman to be honoured with the award in its 120-year history.

Since at least 2017 the [[England and Wales Cricket Board]] has promoted a short-form variant known as [[women's softball cricket]], which is played in several county leagues in England. The traditional game is sometimes referred to as "women's hardball cricket" where a distinction needs to be made.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women's Cricket |url=https://www.durhamcricket.co.uk/play-cricket/women-and-girls/womens-cricket/ |website=Durham Cricket |publisher=Durham Cricket Board |access-date=9 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Cricket|Sports}}

* [[Lily Poulett-Harris]] – founder of women's cricket in Australia

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Early Cricket - from Guildford to Lord's |url=https://www.earlycricket.uk/index.php/womens-cricket/ |website=A detailed article about women's cricket before 1800}}
* [http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/women.html Cricinfo Women]
* [http://www.cricketwoman.net/portal/ Cricketwoman portal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061211212750/http://www.icc-cricket.com/women/ ICC Women's Cricket]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050225010527/http://www.ycb-yca.org.uk/a_history_of_womens_cricket.html A History of Women's cricket]

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Auger |first1=Trevor |title=The Warm Sun on My Face: The Story of Womens Cricket in New Zealand |date=2020 |publisher=Upstart Press |location=Auckland |isbn=9781988516301}}
* {{cite book |last1=Case |first1=Roy |title=The Pebble in My Shoe: An Anthology of Women's Cricket |date=2018 |publisher=[[AuthorHouse|AuthorHouse UK]] |location=Milton Keynes |isbn=9781546299820}}
* {{cite book|last1=Cashman|first1=Richard|last2=Weaver|first2=Amanda|title=Wicket Women: Cricket & Women in Australia|date=1991|publisher=New South Wales University Press|location=Kensington, NSW|isbn=0868403644}}
* {{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Suprita |title=Free Hit: The Story of Women's Cricket in India |date=2019 |publisher=Harper Sport |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh |isbn=9789353024550 |url={{GBurl|e6d1DwAAQBAJ}}}}
* {{cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Pete |title=Mad Dogs and English Women: The Story of England at the 6th Women's Cricket World Cup in India |date=1998 |publisher=Abacus |location=London |isbn=0349110093}}
* {{cite book|last1=Duncan|first1=Isabelle|title=Skirting the Boundary: A History of Women's Cricket|date=2013|publisher=The Robson Press|location=London|isbn=9781849545464}}
* {{cite book |last1=Frith |first1=David |author1-link=David Frith |title=Pageant of Cricket |date=1987 |publisher=Macmillan |location=South Melbourne |isbn=978-0-333-45177-9}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hawes|first1=Joan L.|title=Women's Test Cricket: The Golden Triangle 1934–84|date=1987|publisher=The Book Guild|location=Lewes, East Sussex|isbn=0863322743}}
* {{cite book|last1=Heyhoe Flint|first1=Rachael|last2=Rheinberg|first2=Netta|authorlink1=Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint|authorlink2=Netta Rheinberg|title=Fair Play: The Story of Women's Cricket|date=1976|publisher=Angus and Robertson|location=London|isbn=0207956987}}
* {{cite book|last1=Joy|first1=Nancy|title=Maiden Over: A Short History of Women's Cricket and A Diary of the 1948–49 Test Tour of Australia|date=1950|publisher=Sporting Handbooks|location=London|oclc=560082308}}
*{{cite book |last1=Keshav |first1=Karunya |last2=Patnaik |first2=Sidhanta |title=The Fire Burns Blue: A History of Women's Cricket in India |date=2018 |publisher=Westland Sport |location=Chennai |isbn=9789387894433}}
* {{cite book|last1=Morgan|first1=Grace A.|authorlink1=Grace Morgan|editor1-last=Morgan|editor1-first=John C.|title=Women's Cricket Touring in 1934/5 and 1948/9: An Autobiography|date=2009|publisher=GAM Book Publishing|location=Holt, Wiltshire|isbn=9780956193803}}
* {{cite book |last1=Nicholson |first1=Rafaelle |title=Ladies and Lords: A History of Women's Cricket in Britain |series=Sport, History and Culture series, no. 9 |date=2019 |publisher=Peter Lang |location=Oxford |isbn=9781788742931}}
* {{cite book |last1=Oborne |first1=Peter |author-link=Peter Oborne |title=Wounded Tiger: A History of Cricket in Pakistan |date=2014 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=London |isbn=9781849832489 |pages=421–437 |chapter=Chapter 22: Development of Women's Cricket in Pakistan}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Odendaal|first1=Andre|title='Neither cricketers nor ladies': Towards a history of women and cricket in South Africa, 1860s–2000s|journal=International Journal of the History of Sport|date=2011|volume=28|issue=1|pages=115–136|doi=10.1080/09523367.2011.525310 |pmid=21280412 |s2cid=205633121 |issn=0952-3367}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pollard|first1=Marjorie|authorlink1=Marjorie Pollard|title=Cricket for Women and Girls|date=1934|publisher=Hutchinson|location=London|oclc=224093231}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pollard|first1=Marjorie|title=Australian Women's Cricket Team in England, 1937: A Diary|date=1937|publisher=Pollard Publications|location=Letchworth|oclc=223800454}}
* {{cite book|last1=Rehman|first1=Mahwash|title=Women in Green and Beyond|date=2016|publisher=Markings|location=Karachi|isbn=9789699251801}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Shamsie|first1=Kamila|title=Strong arms: the story of Pakistan women's cricket|journal=[[The Cricket Monthly]]|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=16 October 2019|url=http://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1202296/strong-arms--the-story-of-pakistan-women-s-cricket|access-date=6 November 2019}}
* {{cite web |last1=Siggins |first1=Ger |title=The journey of Irish women's cricket |url=https://www.cricketireland.ie/about/journey-of-irish-womens-cricket |website=Cricket Ireland |access-date=9 March 2021}}
* {{cite book |last1=Singla |first1=Mukta |last2=Slathia |first2=Roopali |title=Rising Spell in Women's Cricket |date=2017 |publisher=Mohindra Publishing House |location=Chandhigarh |isbn=9789386558152 |url={{GBurl|dYcPzgEACAAJ}}}}
* {{cite book |last1=Tossell |first1=David |title=Girls of Summer: An Ashes Year with the England Women's Cricket Team |date=2016 |publisher=Pitch Publishing |location=Worthing, Sussex |isbn=9781785311352}}
* {{cite book|last1=Velija|first1=Philippa|title=Women's Cricket and Global Processes: The Emergence and Development of Women's Cricket as a Global Game|date=2015|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|location=Basingstoke|isbn=9781137323514}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Graeme |title=Wisden at Lord's: An Illustrated Anthology |date=2005 |publisher=John Wisden |location=Alton |isbn=978-0-947-76693-1}}
* ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' – various editions
* {{cite book |last1=Zedda-Sampson |first1=Louise |title=Bowl the Maidens Over: Our First Women Cricketers |date=2021 |publisher=Lzs Press |location=Seaford, Victoria |isbn=9780645125504 |edition=Revised and expanded}}
{{refend}}

{{Cricketbycountry}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History of Women's Cricket}}
[[Category:History of women's cricket| ]]

Nanda Kot

2025-11-08T10:19:38Z

NydiaSilverman2: revise

{{Short description|Mountain in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Nanda Kot
| photo = Nanda Kot.jpg
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 6861
| elevation_ref = <ref name="peaklist">[http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/karakoram.html "The Karakoram, Pakistan Himalaya and India Himalaya (north of Nepal)"]. Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2014-05-26.</ref>
| prominence_m = 1592
| prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist"/>
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
| map = India
| map_caption = Location in India
| map_size = 260
| label_position = bottom
| location = [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| range = [[Himalaya|Kumaun Himalaya]]
| coordinates = {{coord|30|16|54|N|80|04|06|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name="peaklist"/>
| topo =
| first_ascent = 1936 by {{ill|Yaichi Hotta|ja|堀田弥一}}
| easiest_route = [[Lawan Valley]]
}}

'''Nanda Kot''' ([[Kumaoni language| Kumaoni]]-नन्दा कोट) is a mountain peak of the [[Himalaya]] range located in the [[Pithoragarh district]] of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]]. It lies in the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] [[Himalaya]], just outside the ring of peaks enclosing the [[Nanda Devi]] Sanctuary, {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} southeast of Nanda Devi itself. The name Nanda Kot literally means "Nanda's Fortress" and refers to the abode of one of the sacred forms of the Hindu Goddess [[Parvati]] who in legend has made her sanctuary amongst the ring of lofty mountains in the region.

==Description==
Nanda Kot is connected to the Sanctuary wall by a high pass known as the Pindari Kanda, {{Convert|5269|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. This pass, Nanda Kot itself, and the ridge proceeding south from the peak together form the divide between the Pindar and Ghori Ganga River valleys, with Dana Dhura Pass connecting the two sides. The Kaphni (or Kafani), Pindar, Lawan, and Shalang Glaciers drain the south, west, north, and east sides of the peak respectively.<ref name="garhwal-himalaya-ost">''Garhwal-Himalaya-Ost'', 1:150,000 scale topographic map, prepared in 1992 by Ernst Huber for the [[Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research]], based on maps of the [[Survey of India]].</ref>

The first attempt to climb Nanda Kot was made in 1905 by [[Tom George Longstaff|T.G. Longstaff]], who proceeded by way of the Lawan Valley, and Lawan Glacier. The first successful ascent of the summit came in 1936 by a Japanese team led by {{ill|Yaichi Hotta|ja|堀田弥一}}. A new route involving a direct ascent of the south face was successfully undertaken by a British expedition led by Martin Moran in 1995. Mountaineering expeditions to Nanda Kot today typically follow the route through Loharkhet, Dhakuri Pass, Khati Village to Dwali base camp.

Outlying subpeaks of Nanda Kot include:
* [[Changuch]], {{Convert|6322|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* [[Kuchela Dhura]], {{Convert|6294|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Nandabhaner (or Nandabhanar), {{Convert|6236|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Dangthal, {{Convert|6050|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Lespa Dhura (or Laspa Dhura), {{Convert|5913|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
* Lamchir, {{Convert|5662|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}

==Nanda Devi/Nanda Kot nuclear controversy==
{{main|Nanda Devi Plutonium Mission}}
In 1965, a covert mission was launched by an Indo-American team to install a nuclear-powered [[surveillance]] device on the top of [[Nanda Devi]] mountain to monitor Chinese activity in Tibet. The device was lost in a storm; in 1967, a similar device was place just below the summit of Nanda Kot.<ref name=wired>{{Cite magazine|last=Beckhusen|first=Robert|title=Inside the CIA Mission to Haul Plutonium Up the Himalayas|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/04/cia-himalayan-spies/|access-date=2021-11-05|issn=1059-1028}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Survey of India]]
* [[List of ultras of the Himalayas]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mountains of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Geography of Pithoragarh district]]
[[Category:Six-thousanders of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Asia]]

1981–82 Santosh Trophy

2025-10-24T11:03:43Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = Santosh Trophy
| year = 1981–82
| other_titles = National Football Championship
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = India
| dates = 1–31 January 1982
| num_teams =
| winners = [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
| count = 20
| second = [[Railways football team|Railways]]
| matches =
| goals =
| attendance =
| scoring_leader = [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] (Bengal) & Appukuttan (Kerala) (9 goals)
| award =
| prev_season = [[1979–80 Santosh Trophy|1979–80]]
| next_season = [[1982–83 Santosh Trophy|1982–83]]
| extra_information =
}}
The '''1981–82 Santosh Trophy''' was the 38th edition of the [[Santosh Trophy]], the main [[States and union territories of India|State]] competition for [[football in India]]. It was held in [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium|Corporation Stadium]], [[Thrissur|Trichur]] (now Thrissur), [[Kerala]]. [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]] beat [[Railways football team|Railways]] 2–0 in the final.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiasantoshhist.html#82 RSSSF 1982]</ref><ref>Sportstar</ref>

==Quarter-finals==
This is an incomplete list of matches reconstructed from articles about the tournament.<ref>[http://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/document/RHdOYUpkb2QxTFBwbDd6Umlia05CZHcyQnlCNm9GNzlKVHNSUGFsYlFtRT0 National Soccer : A taxing schedule], ''Sportsweek'', 31 January 1982</ref>

===Group A===

{{football box
|team1= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|team2= [[Andhra Pradesh football team|Andhra Pradesh]]
|score= 2–0
|goals1=
* Appukuttan {{goal}}
* Jacob {{goal}}
|attendance=
}}

{{football box
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|team2= [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|score= 1–0
|goals1= [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] {{goal|63}}
|attendance=
}}

{{football box
|team1= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|team2= [[Maharashtra football team|Maharashtra]]
|score= 2–0
|goals1= Vijayakumar {{goal}} {{goal}}
|date= 22 January 1982
|attendance=
}}

{{football box
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|team2= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|score= 3–0
|goals1=
*[[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] {{goal}}{{goal}}
*[[Prasanta Banerjee]] {{goal}}
|attendance=60,000
}}

===Group B===

{{football box
|team1= [[Karnataka football team|Karnataka ]]
|team2= [[Bihar football team|Bihar]]
|score= 3–0
|goals1=
*Ravikumar {{goal}}
*Mani {{goal}} {{goal|49}}
|attendance=
}}
{{football box
|team1= [[Karnataka football team|Karnataka ]]
|team2= [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|score= 2–2
|goals1=
*Mani {{goal}} {{goal}}
|goals2=
*Kultar {{goal}}
*Balwinder {{goal}}
|attendance=
}}
{{football box
|team1= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|team2= [[Bihar football team|Bihar]]
|score= 2–1
|goals1=
*Inbanathan {{goal}}
*Sekhar Chakraborty {{goal}}
|goals2=
* Murmu {{goal|67}}
|attendance=
}}
{{football box
|team1= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|team2= [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|score= 2–1
|goals1=
*Monojit Das {{goal}}
*Ravi Kumar {{goal}} ([[Own goal|o.g.]])
|goals2=
*Balwinder {{goal}}
|attendance=
}}
{{football box
|team1= [[Karnataka football team|Karnataka ]]
|team2= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|score= 0–0
|goals1=
|attendance=
}}

== Semi-finals ==

<section begin=SF />
{{TwoLegStart}}
{{TwoLegResult|'''[[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]'''||3–0|[[Karnataka football team|Karnataka]]||0–0|3–0}}
{{TwoLegResult|'''[[Railways football team|Railways]]'''||2–1|[[Kerala football team|Kerala]]||1–0|1–1}}

|}<section end=SF />

===Matches===
{{football box
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|team2= [[Karnataka football team|Karnataka]]
|score= 0–0
|attendance=
|date= 26 January 1982
|stadium=[[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]], Thrissur
}}
{{football box
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|goals1=
*[[Prasanta Banerjee]] {{goal}}
|team2= [[Karnataka football team|Karnataka]]
|score= 3–0
|attendance=
|stadium=[[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]], Thrissur
}}

''Bengal won 3–0 on aggregate.''
----

{{football box
|team1= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|team2= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|score= 1–0
|attendance=
|stadium=[[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]], Thrissur
}}

{{football box
|team1= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|team2= [[Kerala football team|Kerala]]
|score= 1–1
|attendance=
|stadium=[[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]], Thrissur
}}

''Railways won 2–1 on aggregate.''

==Final==
{{football box
|date=31 January 1982 <ref>[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12162/page/n657/mode/1up Competition Success Review], September, 1982</ref>
|team1= [[West Bengal football team|Bengal]]
|team2= [[Railways football team|Railways]]
|score= 2–0
|goals1= [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]] {{goal}}{{goal}}
|attendance=
|stadium=[[Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium]], Thrissur
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Santosh Trophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1981-82 Santosh Trophy}}
[[Category:Santosh Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:1981–82 in Indian football]]

{{India-footy-competition-stub}}

Sivaraman Cheriyanad

2025-10-02T23:34:32Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating initial data w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Sivaraman Cheriyanad
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Sivaraman Cheriyanad.jpg
| caption =
| native_name = ശിവരാമന്‍ ചെറിയനാട്
| native_name_lang = ml
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1941|12|13}}
| birth_place = [[Cheriyanad]], [[Chengannur]], [[Travancore]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2019|09|12|1941|12|13}}
| death_place = [[Kollakadavu]], Cheriyanad
| resting_place =
| occupation =
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = Short story, novel, children's literature, scholarly literature
| spouse = 
| partner = 
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| years_active =
}}
{{family name hatnote|Cheriyanad|Sivaraman|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}'''Sivaraman Cheriyanad''' was a [[Malayalam]]-language writer from [[Kerala]], India. He wrote short stories, novels and children's literature, besides contributing to scholarly literature including studies on the works of [[Parappurath]] and [[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan]]. He received the [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]] and A. P. Kalakkad Award. He was also a school teacher and a recipient of the National Teachers Award.

==Life==
Sivaraman was born on 13 December 1941 in [[Cheriyanad]] near [[Chengannur]] in the present-day [[Alleppey district]] of [[Kerala]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |title=Sivaraman Cheriyanad passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sivaraman-cheriyanad-passes-away/article29400829.ece |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 September 2019}}</ref> He started his career as an upper primary school teacher. He was a teacher in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Malabar District|Malabar]] and [[Alleppey]], and retired from Government Girls Higher Secondary School, [[Mavelikkara]].<ref name="Kaumudi"/> He received the National Teachers Award in 1989.<ref name="The Hindu"/> The same year, he received the [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]] for the year 1988 for his short story collection ''Peruchazhikalude Maalam''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Malayalam Literary Survey |volume= 11 |publisher=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] |date=1989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PpFkAAAAMAAJ |page=73 |quote=This year's Abu Dhabi Sakti awards were given away to Alintara G. Krishna Pillai for his book 'Anachilandikal' (children's literature), M. Kuttikrishnan for 'Vailoppilli Kavithakal' (a critical study), Sivaraman Cheriyanad for 'Peruchazhikalute Malam' (short stories), Unnikrishnan Kanhirathanam for 'Agnipanchakam', K. P. Mohammed for 'Ottakangalkkoru Geetham' and Abraham for 'Villi' all poetry}}</ref> He received a scholarship from the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] in 1990-91 for the study of the works of the writer [[Parappurath]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kallara Ajayan |title=തിരിച്ചറിയപ്പെടേണ്ട പ്രതിഭ |url=https://kesariweekly.com/26474/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=Kesari Weekly |date=4 February 2022 |language=ml}}</ref> He received the A. P. Kalakkad Award in 2009.<ref name="Deshabhimani"/> He was the president of [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society]] for nine years.<ref>{{cite news |title=SPCS to institute award for writers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/SPCS-to-institute-award-for-writers/article16193242.ece |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 July 2010}}</ref> He also served as the vice president of [[A. R. Raja Raja Varma]] Memorial Committee, office-bearer of [[Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=S. Akhilesh |title=മാതൃഭൂമിയുടെ ശുദ്ധമലയാളം ചൂണ്ടിക്കാട്ടി ശിവരാമൻ ചെറിയനാട് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/mathrubhumi-100-years/articles/story-of-sivaraman-cheriyanadu-mathrubhumi-100-years-1.7798785 |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=1 May 2022 |language=ml}}</ref> and an executive member of the publication wing of [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]].<ref name="The Hindu"/> He died on 12 September 2019 at a private hospital in [[Kollakadavu]] near Cheriyanad.<ref name="The Hindu"/><ref name="Deshabhimani">{{cite news |title=ശിവരാമന്‍ ചെറിയനാട് അന്തരിച്ചു |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/sivaraman-cheriyanad-is-no-more/821532 |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=[[Deshabhimani]] |date=12 September 2019 |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="Kaumudi">{{cite news |title=ശിവരാമൻ ചെറിയനാട് അന്തരിച്ചു |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=154952&u=obit--alappuzha |access-date=4 February 2023 |work=[[Kerala Kaumudi]] |date=12 September 2019 |language=ml}}</ref> His wife Sarasamma had predeceased him.<ref name="The Hindu"/>

The Sivaraman Cheriyanad Award, instituted in his memory in 2023, is given annually to the best short story collection in Malayalam. The inaugural award was received by T. P. Venugopalan for his work ''Thunnalkkaran''.<ref>{{cite web |title=പ്രഥമ ശിവരാമന്‍ ചെറിയനാട് പുരസ്‌കാരം ടി പി വേണുഗോപാലന്‌ |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/first-sivaraman-cheryanadu-award-to-tp-venugapal.html |access-date=2 February 2024 |publisher=[[DC Books]] |date=18 September 2023 |language=ml}}</ref>

==Works==
===Short story collections===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
!! style=width:17em | Title
!! style=width:15em | Publisher
|-
|
| ''Peruchazhikalude Maalam''
|
|-
| 2000
| ''Puthiya Padangal''
| [[Trivandrum]]: Chintha
|-
| 1997
| ''Oru Pavam Kazhutha''
| [[Trichur]]: Current Books
|-
| 1996
| ''Ingane Oro Vidditham''
| [[Trichur]]: Current Books
|-
| 1992
| ''Asidhara''
| [[Alleppey]]: Janajagruti
|-
| 1988
| ''Valiyavarude Maranam Valiya Maranam''
| [[Kottayam]]: [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society|N.B.S.]]
|-
| 1980
| ''Neethipeedathile Kurudan''
| [[Kottayam]]: [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society|N.B.S.]]
|-
| 1977
| ''Vietnam Kathakal''
| [[Kottayam]]: Vidyarthi Mithram
|-
| 1977
| ''Kattinte Niram''
| [[Trivandrum]]: Kerala Grandhasala Sangham
|-
| 2006
| ''Kallan Vasullayude Shashtipoorthi Smaranika: Oru Mukhakurippu''
| [[Trivandrum]]: Chintha
|-
| 1978
| ''Udaya Geetham''
| [[Calicut]]: [[Deshabhimani]]
|-
|
| ''Bhranthillatha Bhranthan''
|
|-
|
| ''Daivathinte Kala''
|
|-
|
| ''Thiranjedutha Kathakal''
|
|}

===Novels===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
!! style=width:17em | Title
!! style=width:15em | Publisher
|-
| 1983
| ''Adheham''
| [[Kottayam]]: [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society|N.B.S.]]
|-
| 1981
| ''Koda''
| [[Calicut]]: [[Deshabhimani]]
|-
| 1979
| ''Tholu''
| [[Calicut]]: [[Deshabhimani]]
|-
| 2005
| ''Bhagavathitheruvile Kattu''
| [[Calicut]]: Haritham Books
|}

===Children's literature===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
!! style=width:17em | Title
!! style=width:15em | Publisher
|-
| 1978
| ''Cheppukudathile Chenkadal''
| [[Kottayam]]: Vidyarthi Mithram
|-
| 1984
| ''Koodu Veedu''
| [[Trivandrum]]: Bala Sahitya Institute
|-
| 1999
| ''Sundarapuri''
| [[Trivandrum]]: Bala Sahitya Institute
|-
| 1985
| ''Thenvarikka''
| [[Kottayam]]: [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society|S.P.C.S.]]
|-
| 1999
| ''Neyyappam''
| [[Kottayam]]: [[Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society|N.B.S.]]
|-
| 1981
| ''Anubombinte Pithavu''
| [[Trivandrum]]: Chintha
|-
|
| ''Munibalan''
|
|-
| 1980
| ''Ammayude Kannuneer''
| [[Trivandrum]]: KANFED
|}

===Scholarly literature===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
!! style=width:17em | Title
!! style=width:15em | Publisher
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Parappurath]]: Onakattukarayude Kathakaran''
| [[Trichur]]: [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]
|-
|
| ''[[Malayattoor Ramakrishnan|Malayattoor]]: Jeevithavum Krithikalum''
|
|}

==Awards==
* 1988: [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]] – ''Peruchazhikalude Maalam''
* 1989: National Teachers Award
* 2009: A. P. Kalakkad Award

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam short story writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Alappuzha]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]]

Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs 2011

2025-09-22T03:49:42Z

NydiaSilverman2: Made info

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox television season
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| starring = [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2011#Contestants|see below]]
| num_episodes =
| network = [[Zee TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2011|6|3|df=y}}
| last_aired =
| prev_season = [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2009|2009]]
| next_season = [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2014|2014]]
}}

'''''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2011''''' was the fifth season of the popular Indian [[Zee TV]] show ''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs''. Broadcast from 3 June 2011, the music reality show had 18 participants: 9 boys and 9 girls. The theme for season 5 was ''Music Ka Gurukul''. The show was won by Azmat Hussain, who later became a contestant on season 11 of ''[[Indian Idol]]''. The runner-up was [[Salman Ali]] who later on became the winner of season 10 of ''Indian Idol''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/indian-idol-10-winner-salman-ali-says-he-will-fix-his-house-s-broken-roof-with-rs-25-lakh-prize-money/story-IkO2t5lU3HmNVt0hMFjTaM.html|title=Indian Idol 10 winner Salman Ali says he will fix his house’s broken roof with Rs 25 lakh prize money|date=2018-12-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>

== Host ==
* [[Jay Soni]]

==Teams==
The candidates were divided into three teams, each guided by one of the judges.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lilchamps.zeetv.com/judges |title=Zee TV - Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2011: Judges |access-date=29 June 2011 |archive-date=23 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723130120/http://lilchamps.zeetv.com/judges/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Zee]] Saregama Grand finale Live Telecast from [[Surat]] Event management by Atul Patel and Ashvin Borad, Modern Moviee Pvt Ltd -[[Surat]] work under the [[Reliance Entertainment|Reliance]] Production, Mumbai. Guest [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh khan]] -Film Promotion -[[Ra.One|Ra One]]

===Adnan ke Anokhe===
:Guru: [[Adnan Sami]]
* Barnali Hota (11, [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]) - eliminated 2 September
* Emil Roy (12, [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]]) - eliminated 25 June
* Niladri Chatterjee (10, [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]) - eliminated 23 September
* Sargamkant Vaish (11, [[Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]) - eliminated 2 July
* Simran Kaur (13, [[Haryana]]) - eliminated 25 June
* Srashti Singh(11, [[Haryana]]) - eliminated on 16 July

===Kailash ke Avdhoo===
:Guru: [[Kailash Kher]]
* Anmol Khatri (11, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) - eliminated 26 August
* Pooja Tiwari (11, [[Lucknow]], Uttar Pradesh) - eliminated 18 June
* Prajwal Shirke (10, [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]) - eliminated 18 June
* Rima Chakraborty (13, [[Berhampore]], [[Murshidabad]], West Bengal) - eliminated 9 July
* [[Salman Ali]] (13, [[Punahana]], [[Mewat]], Haryana) - grand finale contestant: second place
* Sanjana Bhola ... (12, [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]) - eliminated 19 August

===Javed ke Abhiru===
:Guru: [[Javed Ali]]
* Azmat Hussain (10, [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]]) - eliminated 9 July, came back as wild card entry on 22 July and was crowned winner in the grand finale
* Krishnendu Adhikary (12, [[Shantipur]], [[Nadia district|Nadia]], West Bengal) - eliminated 16 July
* Nitin Kumar (14, [[Mubarikpur]]) - saved from elimination 9 September and 3rd place in grand finale
* Priyanshi Srivastava (9, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) - eliminated 2 July wildcard entry on 22 July and got eliminated again on 5 August
* Rimsha Deb (10, [[Dharmanagar]], [[Tripura]]) - eliminated 16 September
* Veda Nerurkar (13, [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]) - eliminated on 30 July

After the children were put into the three groups, the three judges put two contestants in the challenge round from their groups (1 boy and 1 girl). After that the one boy and one girl from each group sang and Alka Yagnik choose the two eliminated contestants out of the six total,

'''Week 1 Challenge round contestants: Top 18'''
:Rimsa, Azmat, Emil, Shristy, Pooja, Prajwal (eliminated contestants: Prajwal and Pooja)

'''Week 2 Challenge round contestants: Top 16'''
:Krishnendu, Emil, Simran, Veda, Reema, Salman (eliminated contestants: Emil and Simran)

'''Week 3 Challenge round contestants: Top 14'''
:Sargam, Priyanshi, Krishnendu, Shristy, Salman, Sanjana (eliminated contestants: Sargam and Priyanshi)

'''Week 4 Challenge round contestants: Top 12'''
:Azmat, Veda, Nirladri, Bernali, Salman, Reema (eliminated contestants: Reema and Azmat)

'''Week 5 Challenge round contestants: Top 10'''
:Veda, Krishnendu, Nirladri, Shristy, Anmol, Sanjana (eliminated contestants: Krishnendu and Sristy)

The top eight and two wildcard contestants, Azmat and Priyanshi, formed the ''Dabanng dus''. The voting system was used afterwards for selecting the finalist among ''Dabanng dus''.

===Top 10: ''Dabanng dus''===
* Barnali Hota - eliminated 2 September
* Niladri Chatterjee - eliminated 23 September
* Anmol Khatri - eliminated 26 August
* Salman Ali
* Sanjana Bhola - eliminated 19 August
* Priyanshi Srivastava - eliminated 5 August
* Rimsha Deb - eliminated 16 September
* Nitin Kumar
* Veda Nerurkar - eliminated 29 July
* Azmat Hussain

Top 10
* Bottom 3: Niladri, Veda, Priyanshi
* Bottom 2: Niladri, Veda
* Eliminated: Veda
Top 9
* Bottom 3: Anmol, Sanjana, Priyanshi
* Bottom 2: Sanjana, Priyanshi
* Eliminated: Priyanshi
Top 8
* Bottom 3: Nitin, Niladri, Sanjana
* Bottom 2: Niladri, Sanjana
* Eliminated: Sanjana
Top 7
* Bottom 2: Anmol, Niladri.
* Eliminated: Anmol
Top 6
* Bottom 2: Barnali, Nitin
* Eliminated: Barnali
Top 5
* Bottom 2: Nitin, Niladri
* Eliminated: Nitin (saved by [[Alka Yagnik]]'s trump card)
Top 5
* Bottom 2: Niladri, Rimsha
* Eliminated: Rimsha
Top 4
* Bottom 2: Nitin, Niladri
* Eliminated: Niladri

Top 3
* Second runner up : Nitin Kumar
* First runner up: Salman Ali
* Winner: Azmat Hussain

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb episode|8457904|''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs'' (2011) |S4 E1}}

{{Sa Re Ga Ma Pa}}

[[Category:Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]
[[Category:2011 Indian television seasons]]

Upper PWD Ward

2025-08-15T12:37:13Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating a data initial version - done

{{one source|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement

| name = Upper PWD Ward
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|Ward]] under [[Kohima]]
| established_title = Incorporated
| established_date =
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.660172|N|94.101654|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of urban centres in Nagaland|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kohima]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| footnotes =
}}

'''Upper PWD Ward''' is a ward located under [[Nagaland]]'s capital city, [[Kohima]]. The ward falls under the designated Ward No. 11 of the [[Kohima Municipal Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|title=Map of Kohima/ wards and colonies|publisher=[[Kohima Municipal Council]]|access-date=1 December 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728210828/https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Municipal Wards of Kohima]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://kmc.nagaland.gov.in/map11.html Map of Kohima Ward No. 11]

[[Category:Kohima]]
[[Category:Wards of Kohima]]

{{India-geo-stub}}

Ratnipora

2025-08-10T10:18:37Z

NydiaSilverman2: Made a data...

{{Multiple issues|
{{promotional|date=December 2017}}
{{cleanup|reason=excess uncited, notable ppl list, many not notable, puffery etc|date=December 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2021}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ratnipora
| other_name = Ratanpur
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.921|N|74.943|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 12
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1588
| population_total = 5250
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 192304
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01933
| registration_plate = JK13
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 
| website = {{URL|http://pulwama.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ratnipora''' (Ratanpur) is a village in the [[Pulwama district]] of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. It is situated equally distant from three towns, [[Awantipora]], [[Pulwama]] and [[Pampore]]. The name Ratnipora is a combination of two words, "Ratan" meaning jewel, and "Pur" meaning place.

==Education==
Ratnipora has an above-average [[literacy rate]] for the region, which, as per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], is 71.44% compared to 67.16% for Jammu and Kashmir. In Ratnipora male literacy stands at 82.46% while the female literacy rate was 60.42%. Ratnipora has a very high number{{Peacock inline|date=October 2021}} of residents who have completed higher education. The people mainly rely on government jobs, but agriculture is also practiced by one-third of the population.

==Demographics==
While there are five Jamia Masjids, there are more than 50 small Masjids and a Hindu temple. Ratnipora was also inhabited by thirty Hindu (Kashmiri Pandit) households who lived in perfect harmony with their Muslim neighbours but had to leave their homes & hearths in the year 1990 due to disturbed situation in Kashmir valley.

==Geography==
Ratnipora was inhabited on the banks of a trout stream (namely [[Naalaye Yar]]), and there are four bridges connecting the two halves. To the Northwest flows the [[Romush river]] coming from [[Dooni Pahoo|Pahoo]] while to the Southwest flows the Bren Kuol Stream coming from [[Puchhal]], and all the three streams meet the [[Jhelum River]] in the southern outskirts of Ratnipora.

A railway halt station is to be operational from the 8th of May 2023.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pulwama district]]

National Highway 71 (India, old numbering)

2025-06-11T12:40:31Z

NydiaSilverman2: made a article initial version!

{{Short description|Old numbering of road in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}{{more footnotes needed|date=May 2018}}}}

{{Infobox road
|country=IND
|type=NH
|route= 71
|map=National Highway 71 (India).png
|map_notes=Road map of India with National Highway 71 highlighted in blue
|length_km= 307
|direction_a=
|terminus_a= [[Jalandar]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|destinations= [[Nakodar]] - [[Sangrur]] - [[Rohtak]] - [[Rewari]]
|direction_b=
|terminus_b= [[Rewari]], [[Haryana]]
|junction=
|states= [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]: {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Haryana]]: {{convert|177|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|previous_type=NH
|previous_route=70
|next_type=NH
|next_route=71A
}}
'''National Highway 71''' (NH 71) was a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in [[Northern India]]. NH 71 connected [[Jalandhar]] in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] to [[Rewari]] in [[Haryana]], running a distance of {{convert|307|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=367 | title = National Highways Starting and Terminal Stations | accessdate = 2012-12-02 | publisher = Ministry of Road Transport & Highways}}</ref> It ran for a distance of {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and {{convert|177|km|mi|abbr=on}} in [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=365|title=Number wise National Highway Routes and Lengths|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref> National Highway 71 started at the junction of old [[National Highway 1 (India, old numbering)|NH 1]] at Jalandhar and traverses down to Rewari to meet old [[National Highway 8 (India, old numbering)|NH 8]].

== New numbering ==
Due to Rationalization of Numbering Systems of National Highways by [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], old NH 71 has been renumbered as follows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref>

* [[Jalandhar]] - [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]] - [[Barnala]] section is part of new [[National Highway 703 (India)|National Highway 703]]
* Barnala - [[Sangrur]] section is part of new [[National Highway 7 (India)|National Highway 7]]
* Sangrur - [[Narwana]] section is part of new [[National Highway 52 (India)|National Highway 52]]
* Narwana - [[Rohtak]] - [[Rewari]] section is part of new [[National Highway 352 (India)|National Highway 352]]

==Route==
The route of National Highway 71 passed through the following towns.<ref name=":0" />

===Punjab===
[[Jalandhar]], [[Nakodar]], [[Moga, Punjab|Moga]], [[Barnala]], [[Sangrur]], Patran, [[Khanauri]]

===Haryana===
[[Narwana]] [[Uchana]], [[Jind]], [[Dighal]], [[julana]][[Rohtak]], [[Dighal]], [[Jhajjar]], [[Rewari]]

==Rewari bypass==
The current alignment of NH 71 passes through Rewari city. The existing Rewari-Bawal road has only two lanes and passes through congested areas within the city. Therefore, vehicles take four-lane Rewari bypass before entering Rewari city and then take Bawal road. However even the Rewari bypass is within municipal limits.

===New Rewari bypass (open to traffic)===
Now an even better alignment of NH 71 completely bypassing Rewari is being constructed. The construction of an entirely new stretch of four-lane road started in May 2011. It takes off from the existing NH 71 at Bikaner-Lisana village a few kilometres before Rewari while coming from [[Jhajjar]], crosses NH 71B (Rewari-Delhi road) over a bridge (that is now under construction) between the JLN canal and the police lines without touching NH 71B and join NH 8 (Delhi–Jaipur–Udaipur-Ahmedabad-Mumbai highway) at village Sangwadi at 81 km stone on NH 8 instead of Bawal. The new alignment of NH 71 from Rohtak would, thus, be Jhajjar–Rewari–Sangwadi instead of Jhajjar–Rewari–Bawal. The new stretch is scheduled to open for traffic from November 2013. The new alignment of NH71 does not enter Rewari town. It will have a flyover on Rewari-Delhi road between the JLN canal and the police lines.

==Upgrade==
The construction of four-lane 82.5 km long stretch from Rohtak to Rewari is being done under Design, Build, Finance, Operate, Transfer (DBFOT) basis by a concessionaire who will charge toll tax.

==See also==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[National Highways Development Project]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/driving-directions-maps/nh71-driving-directions-map.html Driving Directions, Route map of National Highway 71]
*[http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/national-highway.htm NH network map of India]

{{Indian Highways Network}}

[[Category:National highways in Punjab, India|71]]
[[Category:National highways in Haryana|71]]
[[Category:National highways in India (old numbering)]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Phulbani Lok Sabha constituency

2025-05-19T21:38:15Z

NydiaSilverman2:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Phulbani
| constituency_no = 13
| map_image =
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1962
| abolished = 2009
| assembly_cons = # [[Bhanjanagar]]
# [[Balliguda]]
# [[Udaygiri]]
# [[Phulbani]]
# [[Boudh]]
# [[Sonepur, Orissa|Sonepur]]
#[[Binika|Binka]]
| latest_election_year = 2004
}}
'''Phulbani Lok Sabha constituency''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] state in eastern [[India]] which was set up in 1962 then abolished in 2009. It was abolished because of the recommendation by [[Delimitation Commission of India]]. Each seat should have the same number of residents. When the number changes with respect to time, then the seat boundaries are changed by the central government.

Delimitation Commission had given its recommendations in 2002 but were accepted in 2009.

Due to delimitation, [[Sonepur Assembly constituency|Sonepur]] and [[Binika]] segments went into [[Bolangir Lok Sabha constituency|Bolangir seat]]. [[Daspalla Assembly constituency|Daspalla]] and [[Kantamal Assembly constituency|Kantamal]] segments of [[Puri Lok Sabha constituency|Puri seat]] came into this seat. Thus the new seat so formed was named as [[Kandhamal Lok Sabha constituency|Kandhamal]].

==Assembly segments==
Assembly segments which constituted this parliamentary constituency were [[Bhanjanagar]], [[Balliguda]], [[Udaygiri]], [[Phulbani]], [[Boudh]], [[Sonepur, Orissa|Sonepur]] and [[Binika|Binka]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|accessdate = 2008-09-20
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012916/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archivedate = 2009-02-06
}}</ref>

==Members of Parliament==
Eleven elections were held between 1962 and 2004. Elected members from the Phulbani constituency are:<ref>{{cite web|title=PC: Winner summary over elections|url=http://www.indiavotes.com/pc/search?name=Phulbani|publisher=Niti Digital Pvt. Ltd.|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref>
*2004: [[Sugrib Singh]], [[Biju Janata Dal]]
*1999: [[Padmanava Behara]], (BJD)
*1998: Padmanava Behara, (BJD)
*1996: [[Mrutyunjaya Nayak]], [[Indian National Congress]]
*1991: Mrutyunjaya Nayak, (Congress)
*1989: [[Nakul Nayak]], [[Janata Dal]]
*1984: [[Radha Kanta Digal]], (Congress)
*1980: Mrutyunjaya Nayak, (Congress)
*1977: [[Sribatcha Digal]], [[Janata Party]]
*1971: [[Baksi Nayak]], [[Swatantra Party]]
*1967: [[Anirudha Dipa]], (Swatantra Party)
*1962: [[Rajendra Kohar]], [[Ganatantra Parishad]] (later [[Swatantra Party]])
*1957: Bijaya Chandra Pradhan (Ganatantra Parishad )
*1952: [[T. Sanganna]], [[Nikhil Utkal Adibasi Congress]] (as Rayagada-Phulbani seat)

==See also==
* [[Kandhamal district]]
* [[List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Orissa}}
{{coord |20.474134|84.242305|display=title}}

[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Kandhamal district]]
[[Category:Boudh district]]
[[Category:Ganjam district]]

Simarani Nayak

2025-03-14T15:58:40Z

NydiaSilverman2: creating some info initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
[[File:Simarani_Nayak.jpg|thumb|Simarani Nayak, Politician from Odisha]]
'''Simarani Nayak''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician from [[Odisha]]. She is a three time MLA from [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol Assembly Constituency]] in [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal District]]. She represents [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She won the [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Odisha ASSEMBLY ELECTION RESULT 2024 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/elections/assembly-election/odisha/results/ |website=www.moneycontrol.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindol Assembly Election Results 2024: Hindol Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/hindol-constituency-result-18056 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Nayak is from Hindol and her late husband was a doctor. She is a home maker and a social worker. She completed her Class 12 in 1985 at Government Secondary Training School, [[Dhenkanal]]. Earlier, she did her Class 11 at Dhalpur High School, Dhalpur H.S.C.E, Odisha in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330000734/https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/ |archive-date=2024-03-30 |access-date= |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Simarani Nayak(BJD):Constituency- HINDOL(DHENKANAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/odisha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=5385 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Nayak won the [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Hindol Assembly constituency|Hindol Assembly Constituency]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She polled 97,795 votes and defeated [[Mahesh Sahoo]] of the [[Biju Janata Dal]] by a margin of 11,827 votes. After she was denied a ticket, she left the BJD and joined the BJP in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two women BJD leaders quit party ahead of LS assembly polls in Odisha |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/04/23/eln27-elections-od-bjd-resignations.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=tamil |title=Hindol Election Result 2023 Live, Hindol Elections Vote Counting, Odisha Results 2023 {{!}} ABP Tamil News |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election-2024/odisha-hindol-constituency-56.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=tamil.abplive.com |language=ta}}</ref> She retained her seat, which she had won on Biju Janata Dal ticket in [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]] defeating Ashok Kumar Nayak of Bharatiya Janata Party by a margin of 18,905 votes. She first won the Hindol seat in the [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]] representing BJD.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hindol Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Hindol Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/hindol-constituency/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Hindol Assembly Constituency Election 2024 (हिंडोल): Hindol Constituency Chunav Date,Hindol Constituency details, list of candidates, Hindol Vidhan Sabha Election Last Winner,(हिंडोल) |url=https://www.jansatta.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/hindol-constituency/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref> She defeated Laxmidhar Behara of BJP by a huge margin of 50,499.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Simarani, Nayak}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from Dhenkanal district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]