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Kanji Morarji Rathor

2026-05-05T06:58:33Z

NydiaChiodo9: Made some post w/ infobox.

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
'''Kanji Morarji Rathor<ref name=w/> / Kanzi Morarji Rathore<ref name=cg/>''' (1913–1989) was a [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]] industrialist from [[Raipur]], India. He is noted for founding first steel plant of [[Chhattisgarh]].

==Birth==
He was born to Morarji Karsan Rathor and Mithi Bai on 15 November 1913<ref name=w/> at village [[Khedoi]] in [[Princely State of Cutch]] in small but enterprising [[Mestri (community)|Mestri community]].<ref name=r/> His father, who initially worked as a railway contractor and later settled in [[Raipur]] and founded Mahakaushal Flour Mills and Raipur Electrical Engineering Co.<ref name=r/>

==Business career==
Kanji Morarji started his career in steel industry with M.P. Iron & Steel Works, which was his first venture in to steel business. He had also interest in real estate business and was Partner in Nav Nirman Co. and Nav Sarjan Engineering Co. based at Raipur.<ref name=w/>

Further, he inherited from his father, who died in 1938, the partnerships in Mahakaushal Flour Mills and Raipur Electrical Engineering Co <ref name=ww>{{cite book|title=Who's who in India|year=1986|publisher=Guide Publications|page=368|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eoNmAAAAMAAJ&q=raipur+}}</ref> Also he was Director in Jai Hind Oil Mills of Raipur from 1948 to 1951.<ref name=ww/> He served as a member of [[Madhya Pradesh Power Generation Company Limited|Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board Consultative Council]] for some years.<ref name=w/>

===Steel Industry===
He is noted for founding first steel plant of [[Chhattisgarh]] as a [[H.U.F.|joint family]] venture.<ref name=cg>{{cite book|title=Chhattisgarh Pre-B. Ed. Examination By Dr. Lal & Jain|page=21|isbn=9788174829344|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBxi6BRZMWsC&q=RATHORE+FIRST+STEEL+CHHATTISGARH&pg=RA1-PA21|last1=Lal & Jain|first1=Dr|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref>Chhattisgarh General Knowledge By Upkar Prakashan - Editorial Board,pp 21.</ref><ref name=r/> In year 1960 he established first steel plant in Chhattisgarh region named Himmat Steel Foundry Limited,<ref name=rc/> which was later made a public limited company in 1980.<ref name=w/><ref name=s/> Himmat Steel was a steel plant manufacturing the special steel casting with an installed capacity at 3000 tonnes having its factory at [[Kumhari]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Strategies in Development Planning: Professor Mohammad Shafi Felicitation Volume edited by Et. Al. A.K. Singh, Vinay Kumar Rai, Anand Prasad Mishra|year=1997|page=488|isbn=9788171009053|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TW0XCaXKmpIC&q=HIMMAT+STEEL+FOUNDRY&pg=PA488|last1=Shafi|first1=Mohammad}}</ref> He served as its chairman since its inception in 1960<ref name=rc>{{cite book|title=Geography of Industrial Complex By R. C Singh|year=1994|page=69|isbn=9788171005291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ApIgrqQl_AC&q=HIMMAT+STEEL+FOUNDRY&pg=PA69|last1=c Singh|first1=R.}}</ref> till his death in 1989.<ref name=r/> His younger brother Himmat Morarji Rathor, who was the Managing Director of the company after 1969, was mainly responsible for guiding company for next 2 decades.<ref name=r>Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Samaj : A brief History & Glory by Raja Pawan Jethwa. (2007)</ref> But after 1989, An expansion programme, could not be executed properly mainly due to uncertain market conditions and non support of the banks. after 1989 Himmat Steel Foundry went into debts and subsequently closed down in year 1998–99,<ref name=r/> the assets of which were finally auctioned in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=हिम्मत स्टील की नीलामी 22 को|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/article/CHH-OTH-977543-1557076.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328233608/http://www.bhaskar.com/article/CHH-OTH-977543-1557076.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 March 2014|accessdate=28 July 2013|newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar|date=17 November 2010}}</ref>

==Public life==
He was closely associated with [[Ram Krishna Mission]] and served as President of Ram Krishna Mission, Raipur unit from 1968 till his death in 1989 and was also responsible for establishment of Ram Krishna Kutir at [[Amarkantak]].<ref name=w>{{cite book|title=Who's who in India|year=1986|publisher=Guide Publications|page=386|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eoNmAAAAMAAJ&q=cutch+gurjar+kshatriya+samaj}}</ref>

He served as a member of advisory board of [[Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya|Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya Mahasabha]], its national and apex body from 1980 till his death in 1989 and was also served as President of Raipur unit of community for years 1968–77.<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in India|year=1986|publisher=Guide Publications|page=386|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eoNmAAAAMAAJ&q=cutch+gurjar+}}</ref><ref name=s>''Sansmriti'': A memoir written by Nanalal Amarsinh Chauhan of Bagalkot in Gujarati language published in 2004. The book gives details of re-organization and history of Kutch Gurjar Kshatriyas after 1950 till 1985 and also brief life-sketch of some noted people of the community.</ref><ref name=r/>

==Death==
He died in the year 1989 at Raipur.<ref name=s/><ref name=r/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rathor, Kanji Morarji}}
[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:People from Kutch district]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the steel industry]]
[[Category:People from Raipur]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chhattisgarh]]

Kangvai

2026-04-30T21:27:21Z

NydiaChiodo9: Made some info w/ refs

{{short description|Village in Manipur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kangvai
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| coordinates = {{coord|24.4417|93.7135|format=dms |display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]]
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| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]] (Manipuri)
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'''Kangvai'''{{efn|Alternative spellings: "Kangwai" and "Kangbai".}} is a village in the [[Churachandpur district]] of [[Manipur]], India, near its contested border with [[Bishnupur district]]. It is on the bank of the Kangvai stream that flows down from the eastern slopes of the [[Thangjing Hill]] into the [[Imphal Valley]], stretching from the foothills to the [[Tedim Road]]. Kangvai is also the headquarters of the '''Kangvai Subdivision''' in the Churachandpur district. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 939, most of them [[Kuki-Zo people]].<ref name="Churachandpur census">
{{harvp|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011|loc=p. 176}}
</ref><ref name="Churachandpur PCA"/> Next to Kangvai along Tedim Road is a [[Meitei people|Meitei]] village called '''Phougakchao Ikhai''', which is considered part of Bishnupur district.

According to [[#2023–2025 Manipur violence|many sources]], the [[2023–2025 Manipur violence]] began at Kangvai, causing most residents to abandon the lower portion of the village near Tedim Road known as "Kangvai Bazar". Phougakchai Ikhai was also evacuated in the initial days of the conflict, by the residents started returning in October 2023.

== Geography ==
[[File:Thangjing-Hill-area-SoI-1944.jpg|thumb|right|275px|1944 Survey of India map of the region: the Kangvai settlements are shown to the east of Thangjing Hill, but not labelled]]

Kangvai is to the east of [[Thangjing Hill]], one of the tallest peaks of the state, in [[Churachandpur district]]. The village stretches east-west from the foothills to the [[Tedim Road]]. The area near Tedim Road is referred to as "Kangvai Bazar". The central portion of the village is called "Khawpi", which is the main settlement area, and the western portion at the foothills is called "Uzuak".{{sfnp|Soilasiam, Changing Vaiphei Society|2009|pp=159–160}} Adjacent to the Uzuak area of Kangvai, to its south, is a smaller village called '''K. Kotlian''' (or K. Kawtlian), whose access to the outside world is through Kangvai.{{sfnp|Soilasiam, Changing Vaiphei Society|2009|pp=162–163}}

Kangvai Bazar is about 1 km north of [[Torbung]].<ref name="IE 26 Jul 2023">
{{cite news |author=Deeptiman Tiwary |title=An arrest, crackdown and deep distrust: Manipur fire had been simmering for over a year |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=26 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arrest-crackdown-deep-distrust-manipur-simmering-for-over-a-year-8861234/ |id={{ProQuest|2841943429}}}}
</ref>
Torbung is considered to be partly in the [[Bishnupur district]], even though it is to the south of Kangvai.
This results in a complex boundary between two districts, which is difficult to depict on maps.{{efn|For example, the map of Kangvai Subdivision by the Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre puts Kangvai itself outside the subdivision, but rather in the Moirang Subdivision of the Bishnupur district.<ref name="MARSAC Kangvai">
[https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_KANGVAI.pdf Kangvai Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
</ref><ref name="MARSAC Moirang">
[https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_MOIRANG.pdf Moirang Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
</ref>}}
Adjacent to Kangvai, to its northeast, is a Meitei village called Phougakchao Ikhai, which is considered to be part of Torbung.<ref name="MARSAC Moirang"/>

Kangvai as well as Phougakchao Ikhai are on the bank of the Kangvai stream, which flows down from the Thangjing Hill and nominally drains into the [[Loktak Lake]], but most of the water is used up for cultivation.

== Demographics ==
Kangvai is populated by a majority of [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] tribal population (91 percent according to the 2011 census),<ref name="Churachandpur PCA">
{{citation |title=PCA TV: Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Manipur - District Churachandpur - 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Government of India |date=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6465 |id=PC11_PCA-TV-1403}}
</ref><ref>
{{citation |author=Jon Suante |title=Manipur Govt Brings in Army, Assam Rifles to Curb Violence, CM Urges Peace on TV |date=4 May 2023 |url=https://thewire.in/politics/manipur-after-violence-during-protest-marches-curfew-imposed-mobile-internet-suspended |newspaper=The Wire}}
</ref>
predominantly [[Vaiphei people]].<ref>
{{citation |last1=Singh |first1=Rabikanta |last2=Biladini Devi |first2=Y. |chapter=Food Heritage of the Vaiphei in Manipur |title=The Cultural Heritage of Manipur |editor1=Sanjenbam Yaiphaba Meitei |editor2=Sarit K. Chaudhuri |editor3=M. C. Arunkumar |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=9781000296372 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c276DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT210 |page=210}}
</ref>
The overall population is 939 living in 171 households.<ref name="Churachandpur census" /> The K. Kotlian village has a population of 145 people living in 26 households.<ref name="Churachandpur census" />

Phougakchao Ikhai, which is not a census village, is believed to have 2,000 residents living in 300 households. They live in several subvillages named Phougakchao Ikhai Mamang Leikai, Maning Leikai, Mayai Leikai, Awang Leikai, Makha Leikai and Phougakchao Ikhai Bazar.<ref name="Sangai 3 Oct">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/10/3/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Oct-2-Nearly-550-locals-of-Phougakchao-Ikhai-who-got-displaced-due-to-violen.html IDPs return to native villages after 5 months], The Sangai Express, 3 October 2023.
</ref>
The entire Phougakchao Ikhai village is under the [[Torbung]] ''gram panchayat''. In 2012, there were three ''panchayat'' wards in Phougakchao Ikhai, named ''Awang'', ''Mayai Maning'' and ''Ikhai Maning''.<ref name="Gazette gram panchayat">
{{citation |title=Manipur Gazette |date=4 October 2012 |url=https://manipurgovtpress.nic.in/media/gazzete/EOG_249_04-10-2012.pdf |page=12}}
</ref>

== History ==
Kangvai is first seen mentioned during the [[Kuki Rebellion of 1917–1919]] (also called Anglo-Kuki War). During the Kuki war preparations in December 1917, the chief of [[Ukha, Manipur|Ukha]] (on the western slopes of the Thangjing Hill) sent 12 Kukis to collect his [[gayal|mithun]]s from Kangvai. These Kukis were fired upon by British troops, an action that enraged the Kangvai Kukis, leading them to join the Ukha Kukis in their rebellion. On 19 December, the combined Kukis of Ukha and Kangvai raided the Manipur State forest toll station at [[Ithai, Manipur|Ithai]], presumably for arms and for neutralising the state forces.{{sfnp|Guite, Fighting the White Men till the Last Bullet|2019|p=46}}
On 25 December, the British [[Political officer (British Empire)|Political Agent]] J. C. Higgins went with a force to the foothills of Thangjing Hill to punish the Ukha Kukis. The force was beaten back by sniper attacks and home-made leather cannons (''pumpi'').{{sfnp|Guite, Fighting the White Men till the Last Bullet|2019|p=47}} Subsequently, the British gathered larger forces to attack Ukha and burnt down that village.

According to Kuki sources, in 1941–1942, the Manipur State Darbar delineated the borders of the area known as "Haokip Reserved" (the northern part of the present-day Churachandpur district), originally established by the British-appointed president of the Darbar, [[William Alexander Cosgrave]], in 1907.<ref>
{{citation |last=Haokip |first=Sielen |chapter=What Price, Twenty Years of Peace in Mizoram (1986–2006): A Kuki Perspective |editor=Thongkholal Haokip |title=The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture |publisher=Bookwell |year=2012 |isbn=9789380574448 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hp4hWrL-JOEC&pg=PA91 |page=91 |quote=During British rule a greater part of the hills surrounding Churachandpur was accorded the status of 'Haokip Reserve'.}}
</ref> The northern border of the reserve passed through Kangvai.<ref>
{{citation |last=Haokip |first=T. S. Letkhosei |title=Ethnicity and Insurgency in Myanmar/Burma: A Comparative Study of the Kuki-Chin and Karen Insurgencies |publisher=Educreation Publishing |year=2018 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGpoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 |page=128 |quote=As per Mr Cosgrave's Order Of 1907 in the document and the sketch Map drawn in 1941-42, signed and sealed by the president of the Manipur Hill Darbar, and the interview statement of Shri TL Thenkhomang Haokip (23 Nov 2010), Chief of Ukha-Loikhai village Churachandpur, Northern Haokip Reserved Land in Churachandpur covers the following areas; Seitol (Saiton) – Kangvai – Tingkai/Loibol bordering present Bishnupur district and Tamenglong district in the north, Leimata river in the west, Natyang-Koite in the south and Tuitha (Khuga) river in the east.}}
</ref>

Christianity had an early start at Kangvai, with the Welsh missionary [[Watkin Roberts]] having established a Bible School there. When Roberts decided to shift the school to Sielmat, near [[Lamka]], as well as to establish his headquarters there, the [[Vaiphei people|Vaipheis]] of Kangvai were peeved and disowned him.<ref>
{{citation |last=Jeyaseelan |first=L. |title=Impact of the Missionary Movement in Manipur |publisher=Scholar Publishing House |location=New Delhi |year=1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SLkAAAAMAAJ |page=64 |isbn=978-81-7172-339-3 }}
</ref> Nevertheless, the early adoption of Christianity helped the Vaipheis to get ahead in education. In 1968, Kaikhogin Vaiphei from Kangvai became the first Kuki to enter the [[Indian Foreign Service]].<ref>
Henna Vaiphei, [https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Impact_of_Christianity_and_Western_culture_among_Vaiphei_Part_2_By_Henna_Vaiphei Advantages and disadvantages of impact of Christianity and Western culture among the Kukis with special reference to the Vaiphei tribe in Manipur, part 2], The Sangai Express, via e-pao.net, 26 August 2019.
</ref>
The Vaiphei Students Association, called ''Zillai'', is based in Kangvai, and celebrated its 75th anniversary (Platinum Jubilee) in 2014.<ref>
[https://kanglaonline.in/2014/12/cm-applauds-vaiphei-students-organisation-assures-upgradation-of-kangvai-hs/ CM Applauds Vaiphei Students` Organisation, Assures Upgradation Of Kangvai H/S], Kangla Online, 10 December 2014.
</ref>

During [[World War II]], the [[Tedim Road]] was laid by the British administration as part of its defence against Japanese invasion. The road-widening project in the Torbung area (between Oksonbung and Leisang) was contracted to Thawngzagin of Kangvai. The labourers were paid one and a half rupee as daily wages, which appears to have been exploitative.{{sfnp|Vaiphei, Second World War and Southern Manipur|2022|p=59}} When the British withdrew from [[Tedim]] to Imphal, seven decisive battles were fought along Tedim Road. All the villages within seven kilometre distance of the road were asked to be evacuated within two days. The villagers of Kangvai mostly went to southwest Manipur to stay with relatives or acquaintances. They originally planned to stay at [[Ukha Loikhai]], on the western side of Thangjing Hill, but that village did not have enough food supplies to support them. Modern commentators notice that no refugee camps were set up anywhere in the vicinity, which must have caused considerable hardship.{{sfnp|Vaiphei, Second World War and Southern Manipur|2022|pp=70–71}}

Being on the border between the valley district of Bishnupur and hill district of Churachandpur, Kangvai is often a site of dispute and contestation. ''Bandhs'' (shutdowns) and blockades are conducted here as well as at Torbung as a way of asserting the rights and privileges of the valley and hill communities.

=== Phougakchao Ikhai ===
Compared to Kangvai, the Meitei village Phougakchao Ikhai considerably modern.

In 1955, a ''grass mahal'' (a grassland under the ownership of the state) named "Phougakchao" was listed under the [[Imphal West district|Imphal West tehsil]], whose grass was auctioned annually.<ref>
{{citation |title=Manipur Gazette |date=22 September 1955 |pages=7–8 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125707/page/n60 |via=archive.org}}
</ref>
Later it became a village,<ref>
[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29401/download/32582/51229_1971_CEN.pdf District Census Handbook: Manipur Central District], Director of Census Operations, Manipur. Part X-B, page 14.
</ref> but it is far away from the present-day Phougakchao Ikhai.

The earliest mention of Phougakchao Ikhai is found in 1964.<ref>
[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IrZEdahVqp0C&q=%22Phougakchao+Ikhai Manipur Gazette], Government of Manipur, 1964. page 100.
</ref>
Records are scant because it was never listed as a census village. It is rather counted as part of [[Torbung]], whose ''gram panchayat'' (village council) covers the village. In October 2023, it was reported that 2,000 residents normally lived in Phougakchao Ikhai, of whom 1,700 were displaced during the [[2023–2025 Manipur violence|2023 Manipur violence]].<ref>[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/10/3/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Oct-2-Nearly-550-locals-of-Phougakchao-Ikhai-who-got-displaced-due-to-violen.html IDPs return to native villages after 5 months], The Sangai Express, 3 October 2023.</ref>

=== Kangvai Subdivision ===
During 2014–2015, the Government of Manipur created a Kangvai Subdivision in the Churachandpur district. The new subdivision includes 66 villages, which were previously under the [[Churachandpur Subdivision]] and the [[Henglep Subdivision]].<ref>
Cabinet approves five more sub-divisions in hills, Imphal Free Press, 8 August 2014. {{ProQuest|1551745396}}
</ref><ref>
[https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_KANGVAI.pdf Map of Kangvai Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
</ref>
Initially, the Government planned to call the subdivision after the Thangjing Hill, using the Kuki spelling "Thangting" for it. The move was seen by the Meiteis as an attempt to rename their sacred hill, and led to protests. Eventually the government chose the more neutral name after the village of Kangvai.<ref>
Bandh cripples Bishnupur district, Imphal Free Press, 8 January 2016. {{ProQuest|1754357860}}
</ref><ref>
Cabinet decision to rename 'Thangting sub-division' incurs stiff opposition, Imphal Free Press, 15 February 2016. {{ProQuest|1765070770}}
</ref><ref name="NDTV 2024">
Ratnadip Choudhury, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cross-installed-atop-manipurs-sacred-thangjing-hill-punctures-fragile-peace-between-meiteis-and-kuki-zo-tribes-4986754 Cross Installed Atop Manipur's "Sacred" Hill Threatens Fragile Peace], NDTV News, 3 February 2024.
</ref>

== 2023–2025 Manipur violence ==
The [[2023–2025 Manipur violence]] between the [[Meitei people|Meiteis]] and [[Kuki-Zo people]] is said to have started at Kangvai on 3 May 2023. On that day, between 11 am and 1 pm, Kukis held a protest march in the [[Churachandpur]] town against the Meitei demand for a [[Scheduled Tribe]] status. Kuki-Zo people from all parts of the district, including Kangvai, attended the march. The call for the march also generated a "counter response" by the Meitei according to the Union Home Ministry.<ref name="Supreme Court leave petition">
[https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2023/19206/19206_2023_1_7_45953_Judgement_07-Aug-2023.pdf Special Leave Petition (Civil) Diary No 19206 of 2023: Dinganglung Gangmei vs. Mutum Churamani Meetei & Others], The Supreme Court of India, August 2023.
"... large-scale violence broke out in the State of Manipur on 03.05.2023 ''after'' a Tribal Solidarity March undertaken by All Tribal Students Union Manipur (ATSUM) in opposition to the demand for inclusion of the Meitei community in the list of Scheduled Tribes. The call for this march led to a ''counter response'' by Meiteis. Thereafter large-scale violence broke out in the State of Manipur...".
</ref> Reports were received of a counter-blockade at Torbung,<ref name="Sangai 4 May Torbung">{{harvp|The Sangai Express|2023|loc=''Churachandpur section'': "Reports about a clash between people who had imposed a counter-blockade at Torbung and those returning from the rally started doing the rounds at Torbung. The stand-off that initially started with pelting stones soon escalated with vehicles and properties being targeted. Violence and arson rapidly engulfed the neighbouring Kangvai area as people were seen leaving their homes and running into an open field."}}
</ref><ref>
[https://thewire.in/video/watch-meitei-leepun-pramot-singh-karan-thapar-manipur-violence-kukis Watch | Meitei Pride Group's Threat: 'Kukis Mainly Illegal, Modi Must Intervene or There'll Be Civil War’], The Wire, 6 June 2023. '[Pramot Singh is] also questioned about his tweet of 2 May (24 hours before the troubles began) where the Meitei Leepun official Twitter handle called for a counter-blockade adding, "it's our duty to enforce our position physically".
</ref>
and a counter-agitation in the surrounding valley areas (such as the Kangvai village), where houses were attacked by Meitei mobs. The residents were seen fleeing their homes and gathering in the fields.<ref>
* {{harvp|The Sangai Express|2023|loc=''Moirang section'': "Several houses, shops and vehicles have been torched at Torbung, Bangla, Kangvai and Phougakchao Ikhai situated along the adjoining areas of Churachandpur and Bishnupur districts.... It is reported that the properties were torched for launching a counter agitation against the Solidarity March of ATSUM."}}
* {{harvp|The Sangai Express|2023|loc=''Churachandpur section'': "Violence and arson rapidly engulfed the neighbouring Kangvai area as people were seen leaving their homes and running into an open field.""}}
* {{cite news |author=Jon Suante |title=Manipur Govt Brings in Army, Assam Rifles to Curb Violence, CM Urges Peace on TV |newspaper=The Wire |date=4 May 2023 |url=https://thewire.in/politics/manipur-after-violence-during-protest-marches-curfew-imposed-mobile-internet-suspended |quote=The miscreants’ act resulted in a clash between the villagers of Churachandpur and Bishnpur districts, around Kangvai locality where the majority population belongs to the Kuki tribal community. Locals told ''The Wire'' their houses were burnt, forcing dozens of them to rush to nearby forests for shelter and safety.}}
* {{cite news |last=Das |first=Yudhajit Shankar |date=4 May 2023 |title=Manipur violence: State is burning, but what is the decades-old fuel behind the fire |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/manipur-violence-clashes-nrc-meitei-kuki-naga-imphal-valley-illegal-immigration-myanmar-reserve-forests-biren-singh-2368476-2023-05-04 |newspaper=India Today |quote='They [Meitei mobs] only moved back only after Kukis from neighbouring villages and towns came to confront them. The initial violence was in Kangvai village. Police and commandos remained mute spectators and sided with them as they went about ransacking and destroying houses. Over 30 people have been injured,' says [Kelvin Neihsial of All Manipur Tribal Union].}}
* {{Cite news |author=Lien Chongloi |title=Dispelling Some Misleading Claims About the Violence in Manipur |website=The Wire |date=27 May 2023 |url=https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-violence-claims-counterclaims-meitei-kuk |quote=According to eyewitness accounts, many Meitei volunteers who were held up at Kakwa [Kwakta] areas started moving towards Torbung and Kangvai areas and began torching Kuki houses. The first victim of that mob attack was Haopu Kipgen from Torbung Village; he was bludgeoned to death. The first casualty with torching of houses, therefore, was a Kuki.}}
* {{cite news |author=Sudha Ramachandran |title=Kham Khan Suan Hausing on Why Manipur Is up in Flames |newspaper=The Diplomat |date=12 June 2023 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/06/kham-khan-suan-hausing-on-why-manipur-is-up-in-flames/ |quote=These protest rallies were peaceful. Yet they were met with counter-blockades by various Meitei civil society organizations in various parts of the valley. Meitei miscreants burned down the Anglo-Kuki War (1917-19) Centenary Memorial Gate at Leisang village and beat up Kuki boys returning from a protest rally. Such incidents escalated into mob fighting. As the Meitei mobs burned down some Vaiphei-speaking houses in Kangvai village later, the ethnopolitical conflict spread like wildfire and transformed large parts of the state into killing fields.}}
* Kham Khan Suan Hausing, [https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/manipur-riots-chilling-methods-madness-8592834/ Manipur riots: The chilling methods in the madness], The Indian Express, 5 May 2023. {{ProQuest|2809434306}}. "The immediate spark for the violence was provided by the retaliatory destruction of the Anglo-Kuki War Memorial Gate in Leisang and razing of Vaiphei houses in Kangvai village by Meitei mobs following the beating up of a Meitei driver whose tripper truck hit a bike and ran over a stock of water bottles kept for use by peaceful tribal protestors in Lamka on the same day."
</ref>
Two dead bodies were found by the police in Kangvai sometime between 1:30 pm and 2:15 pm, indicating the first victims in the violence.<ref name="IE 26 July">
{{cite news |author=Deeptiman Tiwary |title=An arrest, crackdown and deep distrust: Manipur fire had been simmering for over a year |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=26 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arrest-crackdown-deep-distrust-manipur-simmering-for-over-a-year-8861234/ |id={{ProQuest|2841943429}} |quote=Things began to turn ugly around 2.15 pm that day after a tyre was seen burning along the plaque of the Kuki War memorial gate near Torbung, kilometers ahead of Churachandpur. Around the same time, police found two bodies in Kangvai village, a kilometre away from Torbung. Following this, massive crowds began building up on the Torbung-Kangwai stretch of the Imphal-Churachandpur highway.}}
</ref><ref name="Chongloi 27 May Torbung">
Lien Chongloi, [https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-violence-claims-counterclaims-meitei-kuki Dispelling Some Misleading Claims About the Violence in Manipur], The Wire, 27 May 2023. "On May 3, while a peaceful protest was underway at the Kuki-majority Churachandpur town, news had reached the hill areas that the Anglo-Kuki Centenary Gate at Leisang-Monglenphai was set on fire by unidentified Meitei miscreants. According to eyewitness accounts, many Meitei volunteers who were held up at Kakwa [Kwakta] areas started moving towards Torbung and Kangvai areas and began torching Kuki houses. The first victim of that mob attack was Haopu Kipgen from Torbung Village; he was bludgeoned to death. The first casualty with torching of houses, therefore, was a Kuki."
</ref>
According to Kukis, the police and commandos either stood aloof or sided with the attackers. The attackers moved back only after Kukis from neighbouring villages and towns came to confront them. But they came back around 8 pm after the police had left and burnt down more houses.<ref>
Yudhajit Shankar Das, [https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/manipur-violence-clashes-nrc-meitei-kuki-naga-imphal-valley-illegal-immigration-myanmar-reserve-forests-biren-singh-2368476-2023-05-04 Manipur violence: State is burning, but what is the decades-old fuel behind the fire], India Today, 8 May 2023.
</ref> A reporter visiting the Kangvai Bazar three months later, described the scene thus:<ref name="OPEN 18 Aug"/>
{{quote|Homes and shops have been flattened and torched; charred remains of vehicles are everywhere. It is like crossing the site of a natural disaster. The bazaar is entirely empty, except for the vast number of troops who now occupy this ghost town.}}

The residents of Kangvai that fled on 3 May never returned to their homes. The Kangvai Bazar area was taken control of by the Meiteis, who used it as a checkpoint. All vehicles coming from the Churachandpur side were stopped here, making Kangvai a transit point where human couriers sent by the officials from the two sides exchanged deliveries.<ref>
Sonal Matharu, [https://theprint.in/india/in-manipur-families-wait-for-bodies-of-loved-ones-tribal-leaders-pledge-grand-joint-burial/1606298/ In Manipur, families wait for bodies of loved ones, tribal leaders pledge 'grand' joint burial], The Print, 2 June 2023.
</ref>
In June, the central armed forces defined a "buffer zone" between Churachandpur and Bishnupur districts, which included the Kangvai village.<ref>
Soutik Biswas, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-66086142 Manipur: Murders and mayhem tearing apart an Indian state], BBC News, 12 July 2023.
</ref><ref name="OPEN 18 Aug">
Lhendup G Bhutia, [https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/the-wages-of-hate/ The Wages of Hate], OPEN Magazine, 18 August 2023.
</ref>

Meitei groups said that the village of Phougakchai Ikhai was also attacked by the Kuki mobs.<ref name="Khuman">
[https://www.khalvontawi.in/2025/04/arambai-tenngol-leader-demands.html Arambai Tenngol leader demands clarification from NPP state unit president], The Morning Bell, via khalvontawi.in, 2 April 2025. '[Korounganba] Khuman said, "... On May 3, it was 4 pm when AT [Arambai Tenggol] went to Phougakchao (in Bishnupur district) to save houses engulfed in inferno burnt by armed mob from Churachandpur. Phougakchao is located 10 km from Churachandpur."'
</ref>
''[[The Sangai Express]]'' reported that they attempted to burn the forest office at the village and that the police dispersed them by firing tear gas shells and blank fire. Nevertheless it is said that the mobs set fire to at least six houses and some vehicles.{{sfnp|The Sangai Express|2023|at=Moirang section}} ''The Sangai Express'' did not mention that [[Arambai Tenggol]] was present in the village, which was later admitted by its chief Korounganba Khuman.<ref name="Khuman"/> In December 2023, a phone call made by the former police officer Thounoujam Brinda was leaked, where she is heard stating that Arambai Tenggol were responsible for the arson of Meitei houses at Torbung ''gram panchayat'' (which includes Phougakchao Ikhai) on that day.<ref name="Sangai TUC">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/12/15/Our-CorrespondentBISHNUPUR-Dec-15-Reacting-strongly-against-the-false-claims-made-by-Thounaojam-Brinda-in.html Torbung United Club demands clarification from Th Brinda], The Sangai Express, 15 December 2023. "In the controversial phone call which went viral on social media platforms today, Th Brinda claimed that 'Arambai Tenggol members are responsible for arson of Meitei houses at Torbung Gram Panchayat on the fateful day of May 3'."
</ref>
The Torbung United Club secretary disagreed with the claim and demanded a public clarification.<ref name="Sangai TUC"/>
The women's vigilante group called [[Meira Paibi]] ransacked Brinda's house demanding clarification.<ref>
Ratnadip Choudhury, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manipur-violence-thounaojam-brinda-ex-manipur-woman-cops-house-sacked-amid-claims-on-origin-of-ethnic-conflict-4698093 Ex-Manipur Woman Cop's House Ransacked Amid Claims On Origin Of Ethnic Conflict], NDTV News, 18 December 2023.
</ref><ref>
Babie Shirin, [https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/manipuri-journalist-yambem-laba-denies-leaking-audio-clip-ex-cop-thounaojam-brinda-arambai-tenggol-violence-origin-2478121-2023-12-20 Journalist denies leaking audio clip of ex-cop's conversation on Manipur violence], India Today, 20 December 2023.
</ref>

According to later reports, the villagers of Phougakchao Ikhai also fled their homes on 3 May. Out of 2000 residents, 1700 people were said to have been displaced, with only 300 remaining.<ref name="Sangai 3 Oct"/>
Phougakchao Ikhai was later included in the "buffer zone", and the security forces had erected barriers. In August, the Meitei civil society organisation [[COCOMI (Manipur)|COCOMI]] demanded the removal of barricades and set 30 August as the deadline for doing so. After the expiry of the deadline, it organised mobs to storm the barricades, with the security forces blocking them and firing tear gas shells. Several people got injured in the stampede that followed.<ref name="IE 7 Sep">
[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/manipur-protesters-throng-phougakchao-ikhai-to-break-down-army-barricades-8927489/ Manipur: Protesters plan to ‘push Army back’ ends in violence], The Indian Express, 7 September 2023.
</ref>
Eventually the government allowed the residents of Phougakchao Ikhai to return in early October and 550 people returned to their homes.<ref name="Sangai 3 Oct">
[https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/10/3/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Oct-2-Nearly-550-locals-of-Phougakchao-Ikhai-who-got-displaced-due-to-violen.html IDPs return to native villages after 5 months], The Sangai Express, 3 October 2023.
</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite news |title=Tribal Solidarity March takes ugly turn; houses, offices, vehicles burnt |work=The Sangai Express |date=4 May 2023 |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/5/4/OSR-CorrespondentsIMPHAL-May-3-Thousands-of-people-took-out-the-Tribal-Solidarity-March-in-t.html |ref={{sfnref|The Sangai Express|2023}}}}
* {{citation |title=Churachandpur District Census Handbook |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur |year=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/846/download/36252/DH_2011_1403_PART_A_DCHB_CHURACHANDPUR.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011}}}}
* {{citation |last=Guite |first=Jangkhomang |chapter='Fighting the White Men till the Last Bullet': The general course of the Anglo-Kuki War |editor1=Jangkhomang Guite |editor2=Thongkholal Haokip |title=The Anglo-Kuki War, 1917–1919: A Frontier Uprising against Imperialism during World War I |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-138-50704-3 |pages=37– |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALJqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |ref={{sfnref|Guite, Fighting the White Men till the Last Bullet|2019}}}}
* {{citation |title=Changing Vaiphei Society: A Geographical Study |author=Soilalsiam |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |location=Shillong |year=2009 |url=http://dspace.nehu.ac.in/server/api/core/bitstreams/621ab9ff-373f-408e-a1b8-e82afd78201a/content |ref={{sfnref|Soilasiam, Changing Vaiphei Society|2009}}}}
* {{citation |last=Vaiphei |first=S. Lalthamuan |title=Second World War and Southern Manipur |publisher=Mizoram University |location=Aizwal |year=2022 |url=http://mzuir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/1302/1/S.%20LALTHAMUAN%20VAIPHEI,%20His.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Vaiphei, Second World War and Southern Manipur|2022}}}}

== External links ==
* [https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_KANGVAI.pdf Map of Kangvai Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
* [https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_MOIRANG.pdf Map of Moirang Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.

{{Manipur}}
[[Category:Villages in Churachandpur district]]
[[Category:2023–2026 Manipur conflict]]

Devi Chowdhurani (2025 film)

2026-04-29T19:30:17Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{Short description|2025 Indian historical action film by Subhrajit Mitra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Devi Chowdhurani- Bandit Queen Of Bengal (2025) poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Subhrajit Mitra]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Aniruddha Dasgupta
* Aparna Dasgupta
* Hassan Choudhury}}
| writer = Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
| screenplay = [[Subhrajit Mitra]]
| story = [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]
| based_on = ''[[Devi Chaudhurani]]''
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]]
* [[Srabanti Chatterjee]]
* [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]]
* [[Arjun Chakrabarty]]
* [[Alexx O'Nell]]
* [[Bibriti Chatterjee]]
* Kinjal Nanda
* [[Darshana Banik]]
* Carl Harte
* Dr. Priyadarshini G. Roy
}}
| music = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| cinematography = Anirban Chatterjee
| editing = Sujay Dutta Ray
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* ADited Motion Pictures
* LOK Studios
* HC Films
* Moringa Studios}}
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]] SSR Cinemas
| country = India United Kingdom United States<ref name="variety">{{cite web |author1=Naman Ramachandran |title='Bandit Queen of Bengal' Project Sets Fall Start (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/bandit-queen-of-bengal-india-1235574261/ |work=Variety |publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=19 May 2023 |language=en |date=5 April 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519164015/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/bandit-queen-of-bengal-india-1235574261/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| released = {{Film date|2025|09|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 134 minutes
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Devi Chowdhurani''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[historical drama|period]] [[action-adventure film]] directed by [[Subhrajit Mitra]].<ref name="variety"/><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=দেবী চৌধুরানীতে মিলে যাবে ইতিহাস-উপন্যাস, ইঙ্গিত মিলল পরিচালক শুভ্রজিতের কথায় |date=21 February 2023 |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/abhijatrik-director-subhrajit-mitra-on-his-new-work-debi-choudhurani-31676972176101.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519093401/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/abhijatrik-director-subhrajit-mitra-on-his-new-work-debi-choudhurani-31676972176101.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 May 2023 |access-date=19 May 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> Based on [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]'s novel of [[Devi Chaudhurani]], the film is produced by Aniruddha Dasgupta and Aparna Dasgupta under the banner of ADited Motion Pictures ([[United States|USA]]) and co-produced by Hassan Choudhury under the banner of HC Films Limited ([[United Kingdom|UK]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ইন্দো-ইউকে প্রযোজনায় প্রথম বাংলা সিনেমা, ঐতিহাসিক মুহূর্তের সাক্ষী দেবী চৌধুরানী |url=https://eisamay.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/devi-chowdhurani-is-going-to-be-the-first-indo-uk-production-of-bengali-film/photoshow/111379220.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Eisamay |date=30 June 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

''Devi Chaudhurani'' stars [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] in the [[title character|titular role]], alongside [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]], [[Alexx O'Nell]], [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], [[Bibriti Chatterjee]], Kinjal Nanda, [[Darshana Banik]], Carl Harte, and Dr. Priyadarshini G. Roy in other pivotal roles.<ref name="timesofindia2">{{cite web |author1=Sankha Ghose |title=A galaxy of stars onboard for Subhrajit Mitra's 'Devi Chowdhurani' period drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/a-galaxy-of-stars-onboard-for-subhrajit-mitras-devi-chowdhurani-period-drama/articleshow/98381564.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[Times of India|Etimes]] |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=en |date=3 March 2023 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524075257/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/a-galaxy-of-stars-onboard-for-subhrajit-mitras-devi-chowdhurani-period-drama/articleshow/98381564.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/prosenjit-chatterjee-devi-chowdhurani-india-uk-co-production-1236046595/|title=Prosenjit Chatterjee, Srabanti Chatterjee-Starring 'Devi Chowdhurani' Nabs Indo-U.K. Co-Prod Status (EXCLUSIVE) – Global Bulletin|date=25 June 2024|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=25 June 2024|archive-date=25 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625082609/https://variety.com/2024/film/asia/prosenjit-chatterjee-devi-chowdhurani-india-uk-co-production-1236046595/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Principal photography]] commenced in January 2024, with filming taking place in [[Kolkata]] and [[Purulia]], [[West Bengal]]. After being delayed multiple times, the film was released in the theatres on 26 September 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Torsha |title=Srabanti-Prosenjit: অপেক্ষা আর কতদিনের? আগামী বছর কবে মুক্তি পাবে শ্রাবন্তী-প্রসেনজিৎ-এর 'দেবী চৌধুরানী'? |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/srabanti-chatterjee-prosenjit-chatterjee-devi-chowdhurani-going-to-release-entertainmnet-news-tollywood-1108889 |access-date=4 December 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=4 December 2024 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srabanti-chatterjee-plays-the-bandit-queen-of-bengal-in-upcoming-period-drama/cid/2073245 | title=Devi Chowdhurani pre-teaser: Srabanti Chatterjee plays bandit queen of Bengal |access-date=12 August 2025|website=The Telegraph}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Set in the 18th century, the period drama follows Prafulla's transformation from an innocent young girl into Devi Chaudhurani, a powerful bandit queen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest in entertainment, lifestyle, fashion {{!}} t2ONLINE - Vibe With The tRIBE |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/devi-chowdhurani-secures-indo-uk-co-production-status%C2%A0/1009021?utm_source=recommendation&ref=recommendation |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=t2online.in |language=en |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918014253/https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/devi-chowdhurani-secures-indo-uk-co-production-status%C2%A0/1009021?utm_source=recommendation&ref=recommendation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name="timesofindia2" />

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] as Prafullamukhi / Devi Chowdhurani<ref name="bangla-hindustantimes">{{cite web |title=দেবী চৌধুরানী শ্রাবন্তী, ভবানী পাঠক প্রসেনজিৎ! সিনেমায় থাকছেন ভিকি কৌশলের বাবাও |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srabanti-chatterjee-as-devi-chaudhurani-and-prosenjit-chatterjee-as-bhabani-pathak-in-new-bengali-movie-details-inside-31677303353039.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304064417/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srabanti-chatterjee-as-devi-chaudhurani-and-prosenjit-chatterjee-as-bhabani-pathak-in-new-bengali-movie-details-inside-31677303353039.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2023 |website=bangla.hindustantimes.com |access-date=19 May 2023 |language=bn |date=25 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia-indiatimes2">{{cite web |title=Subhrajit Mitra all praise for Srabanti Chatterjee's dedication, eagerly waiting to start 'Devi Chaudhurani' shoot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/subrajit-mitra-all-praise-for-srabanti-chatterjees-dedication-eagerly-waiting-to-start-devi-chaudhurani-shoot/articleshow/100155884.cms?from=mdr |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=The Times of India |access-date=19 May 2023 |language=en |date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519181109/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/subrajit-mitra-all-praise-for-srabanti-chatterjees-dedication-eagerly-waiting-to-start-devi-chaudhurani-shoot/articleshow/100155884.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] as Bhavani Charan Pathak<ref name="bangla-hindustantimes"/>
* [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]] as Haraballabh Ray<ref name="timesofindia-indiatimes1">{{cite news |title=Sabyasachi Chakraborty: Feels great to be a part of 'Devi Chaudhurani', I know Subhrajit will do justice to the original story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/sabyasachi-chakraborty-feels-great-to-be-a-part-of-devi-chaudhurani-i-know-subhrajit-will-do-justice-to-the-original-story/articleshow/100125373.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 May 2023 |access-date=19 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518233912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/sabyasachi-chakraborty-feels-great-to-be-a-part-of-devi-chaudhurani-i-know-subhrajit-will-do-justice-to-the-original-story/articleshow/100125373.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Arjun Chakrabarty]] as Rangaraj<ref name="telegraphindia1">{{cite web |title=Arjun Chakrabarty joins 'Devi Chaudhurani' cast |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/social/arjun-chakrabarty-joins-the-cast-of-subhrajit-mitras-devi-chaudhurani/cid/1936626 |website=telegraphindia.com |publisher=The Telegraph |access-date=19 May 2023 |language=en |date=14 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Bibriti Chatterjee]] as Nishi<ref name="timesofindia2"/>
* Kinjal Nanda as Brojeswar<ref name="timesofindia2" />
* [[Darshana Banik]] as Sagar<ref name="timesofindia2" />
* [[Bharat Kaul]]
* [[Alexx O'Nell]] as Captain Munroe<ref name="timesofindia2" />
* Carl Harte
* Dr. Priyadarshini G. Roy as Diba<ref name="variety"/>
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
In August 2023, it was reported that filming would begin in March 2024. The film is produced by Aniruddha Dasgupta and Aparna Dasgupta under the banner of ADited Motion Pictures, with Hassan Choudhury as co-producer under Hc Films Limited. ''Devi Chaudhurani'' is one of the most expensive Indian Bengali films ever made, with a budget of ₹25 crore. Besides directing, Subhrajit Mitra wrote the screenplay based on the novel ''[[Devi Chaudhurani]]'' by [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]], and also wrote the dialogues. Pradyumna Kumar Swain was hired as the action choreographer.<ref name="timesofindia1">{{cite news |title='Adipurush' action director Pradyumna Kumar Swain joins yet another epic period drama, deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/adipurush-action-director-pradyumna-kumar-swain-joins-yet-another-epic-period-drama-deets-inside/articleshow/103827119.cms |access-date=1 July 2024 |date=21 September 2023 |language=bn |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701213138/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/adipurush-action-director-pradyumna-kumar-swain-joins-yet-another-epic-period-drama-deets-inside/articleshow/103827119.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Casting ===
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Srabanti at the shooting of the film Chobiyal in 2019.jpg
| image2 = Chatterjee at CCL Launch.jpg
| image3 = Sabyasachi Chakrabarty Addresses - Group Exhibition Inauguration - PAD - Kolkata 2016-07-29 5308.JPG
| image4 = Arjun Chakrabarty 4.jpg
| footer = [[Srabanti Chatterjee|Srabanti]], [[Prosenjit Chatterjee|Prosenjit]], [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty|Sabyasachi]] and [[Arjun Chakrabarty|Arjun]] (left to right)
| total_width = 480
| align = right
| width1 = 420
| width2 = 420
| width3 = 320
| width4 = 320
}}
The film marks [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty|Sabyasachi Chakraborty's]] comeback to films.<ref name="timesofindia-indiatimes1"/><ref name="eisamay1">{{cite web |title=পর্দায় ফিরতে প্রচণ্ড ভয়! দেবী চৌধুরানিতে 'কামব্যাক' প্রসঙ্গে কী বললেন সব্যসাচী? |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/sabyasachi-chakraborty-will-be-acting-in-subhrajit-mitra-upcoming-film-devi-chaudhurani/articleshow/100129265.cms |website=www.eisamay.com |publisher=Eisamay |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=10 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520061152/https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/sabyasachi-chakraborty-will-be-acting-in-subhrajit-mitra-upcoming-film-devi-chaudhurani/articleshow/100129265.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bangla-hindustantimes3">{{cite web |title=বিরতি কাটিয়ে পর্দায় আসছেন সব্যসাচী, কোন বেশে ধরা দেবেন 'দেবী চৌধুরানী'তে |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sabyasachi-chakraborty-will-be-seen-in-subhrajit-mitra-s-upcoming-film-devi-chowdhurani-31683711476047.html |website=bangla.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times - Bangla |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=10 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520061342/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sabyasachi-chakraborty-will-be-seen-in-subhrajit-mitra-s-upcoming-film-devi-chowdhurani-31683711476047.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In January 2023, Sabyasachi Chakraborty attended the [[Dhaka International Film Festival|21st Dhaka International Film Festival]] in [[Bangladesh]] ([[East Bengal]]) as a special guest, where he told the media that he would be retiring from films for some time.<ref name="anandabazar1">{{cite web |title=অভিনয় জীবন থেকে বিদায় নিচ্ছি না, আমার বক্তব্যের ভুল ব্যাখ্যা হয়েছিল, বললেন সব্যসাচী |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/veteran-tollywood-actor-sabyasachi-chakraborty-says-he-is-not-going-to-retire-soon-from-acting-dgtl/cid/1426926 |website=Anandabazar |publisher=Anandabazar Patrika |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=2 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520060121/https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/veteran-tollywood-actor-sabyasachi-chakraborty-says-he-is-not-going-to-retire-soon-from-acting-dgtl/cid/1426926 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bangla-hindustantimes1">{{cite web |title=অভিনয় থেকে অবসর সব্যসাচীর, বাবার সিদ্ধান্তে গৌরব বললেন… |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-gourav-chakraborty-react-on-his-father-sabyasachi-chakraborty-s-retirement-from-acting-career-31673970436944.html |website=bangla.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times - Bangla |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=17 January 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520060432/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-gourav-chakraborty-react-on-his-father-sabyasachi-chakraborty-s-retirement-from-acting-career-31673970436944.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bengali-indianexpress1">{{cite web |title=অভিনয় ছাড়ছেন সব্যসাচী চক্রবর্তী, 'বিদায়' লাইট-ক্যামেরা-অ্যাকশনকে |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/actor-sabyasachi-chakroborty-said-didnt-want-to-do-films-from-now-534693/ |website=bengali.indianexpress.com |publisher=The Indian Express - Bengali |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=16 January 2023}}</ref> However, ''Devi Choudhurani: Bandit Queen of Bengal'''s director [[Subhrajit Mitra]] chose Sabyasachi Chakrabarty to play the role of Zamindar Haravallav Ray in May 2023. [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] will play the role of Devi Chaudhurani,<ref name="timesofindia-indiatimes2"/> while [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] will portray Bhavani Pathak, an important character in the film.<ref name="variety"/><ref name="bangla-hindustantimes"/> [[Indraneil Sengupta]] was initially cast as Rangaraj, but actor [[Arjun Chakraborty]] was eventually roped in for the role.<ref name="telegraphindia1"/><ref name="bengali-indianexpress2">{{cite web |title='রঙ্গরাজ হিসেবে শ্রেষ্ঠ অর্জুন..', 'দেবী চৌধুরানী'তে একের পর এক চমক! চূড়ান্ত খাটছেন শ্রাবন্তীও |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/devi-chaudhurani-big-film-arjun-chakraborty-joined-the-team-600003/ |website=bengali.indianexpress.com |publisher=The Indian Express - Bengali |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520062423/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/devi-chaudhurani-big-film-arjun-chakraborty-joined-the-team-600003/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bangla-hindustantimes4">{{cite web |title=রঙ্গরাজ বদল! শুভ্রজিতের দেবী চৌধুরানীতে এবার ইন্দ্রনীলের জায়গায় অর্জুন, হঠাৎ হল কী |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/indraneil-sengupta-will-not-act-in-subhrajit-mitra-s-devi-chowdhurani-arjun-chakraborty-will-be-seen-in-his-place-31683796016518.html |website=bangla.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times - Bangla |access-date=20 May 2023 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |date=11 May 2023 |archive-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520062338/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/indraneil-sengupta-will-not-act-in-subhrajit-mitra-s-devi-chowdhurani-arjun-chakraborty-will-be-seen-in-his-place-31683796016518.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film went to the floors on 27 January 2024.<ref name="aajkaal1">{{cite news |title=সারাদিনে ৪টি ডিম, জল প্রায় খাইনি! 'দেবী চৌধুরাণী'র শুটের অভিজ্ঞতায় বিবৃতি |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/story/8059/the_shooting_of_the_first_episode_of_subhrajit_mitra_039_s__039_devi_chaudhurani_039_is_over_bvibri_chatterjee_shares_how_was_the_experience_ |access-date=1 July 2024 |work=www.aajkaal.in |date=8 February 2024 |language=bn |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701193548/https://www.aajkaal.in/story/8059/the_shooting_of_the_first_episode_of_subhrajit_mitra_039_s__039_devi_chaudhurani_039_is_over_bvibri_chatterjee_shares_how_was_the_experience_ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film was initially planned to begin shooting in November 2023 with around 250 crew members. However, delays pushed the start of filming to January 2024.<ref name="theprint1">{{cite news |last1=Halder |first1=Deep |title=Bengali films avoid Hindu themes. But Subhrajit Mitra's Devi Chowdhurani set to change that |url=https://theprint.in/ground-reports/bengali-films-avoid-hindu-themes-but-subhrajit-mitras-devi-chowdhurani-set-to-change-that/1738301/ |access-date=1 July 2024 |work=ThePrint |date=31 August 2023}}</ref>
Filming began on 27 January 2024 in [[North Kolkata]], at Jimmy Laha's house. At that time, [[Srabanti Chatterjee]], [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]], Kinjal Nanda, and [[Darshana Banik]] took part in the shoot. On 28 January, the crew and production team arrived in [[Purulia district]] for the remaining shoot of the first phase. Srabanti was joined by [[Bibriti Chatterjee]], [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], and [[Dr. Priyadarshini G. Roy]] during filming. Various scenes were shot at the [[Ajodhya Hills]] and its foothills in Purulia, including sequences in the deep forest. Some fight scenes were filmed here, featuring [[talwar]] and [[bow and arrow]] combat. These scenes were shot between 28 January and the first week of February at various locations in Purulia district.<ref name="aajkaal1"/>

The second phase was filmed in [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] and [[Kolkata]] in [[West Bengal]], as well as in the states of [[Jharkhand]] and [[Bihar]].<ref name="ETV-Bharat1">{{cite news |title=পুরুলিয়ায় 'দেবী চৌধুরানী'র প্রথম দফার শুটিং সেরে তৃপ্ত শুভ্রজিৎ |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!entertainment/subhrajit-mitra-ends-first-part-of-shooting-of-devi-chowdhurani-wbs24020907070 |access-date=1 July 2024 |work=ETV Bharat |location=Kolkata |language=bn |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701195537/https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!entertainment/subhrajit-mitra-ends-first-part-of-shooting-of-devi-chowdhurani-wbs24020907070 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], who plays the character of Bhavani Charan Pathak, joined the shoot for this phase.<ref name="aajkaal1"/>

== Marketing ==
In late 2024, the makers unveiled the official pre-teaser, announcing that ''Devi Chaudhurani'' would be released in theatres on 1 May 2025. On 22 March 2025, the official teaser, starring [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] and [[Srabanti Chatterjee]], was released.<ref>{{cite web|title=Devi Chowdhurani Teaser: Prosenjit And Srabanti Chatterjee Form An Undefeated Duo |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/devi-chowdhurani-teaser-prosenjit-and-srabanti-chatterjee-form-an-undefeated-duo-72328.html |work=Filmfare |date=22 March 2025 |access-date=30 May 2025}}</ref>
On 8 May 2025, the film’s teaser was showcased at the World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit (WAVES) in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Ashok |title=Bengali film teaser shown at prestigious WAVES in Mumbai |work=The Statesman |date=8 May 2025 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/bengali-film-teaser-shown-at-prestigious-waves-in-mumbai-1503429795.html |access-date=30 May 2025 |archive-date=8 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508065809/https://www.thestatesman.com/bengal/bengali-film-teaser-shown-at-prestigious-waves-in-mumbai-1503429795.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The makers announced "Bengal Tour" on 6 September 2025, to promote the film across several towns in West Bengal including [[Kolkata]] ([[Star Theatre, Kolkata|Binodiini Theatre]]) on 7 September 2025, [[Raiganj]] (Surendranath College) on 9 September 2025, [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] (PRM Center Point Mall) on 9 September 2025, [[Barasat]] (Barasat Government College) on 11 September 2025, [[Howrah]] (Betai Jayanti Athletic Club) on 18 September 2025, [[Madhyamgram]] (Star Mall) on 19 September 2025, [[Durgapur]] (Chaturdanga City Center) on 22 September 2025, [[Tarapith]] ([[Tarapith Temple|Tarapith Mandir]]) on 12 September 2025 and [[Burdwan]] (Sabuj Sangha) on 23 September 2025 in a ''Devi Chowdhurani'' themed bus, featuring the characters in giant posters all over the bus.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jai Bhairavi Jatra brings Devi Chowdhurani alive on Kolkata streets |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jai-bhairavi-jatra-brings-devi-chowdhurani-alive-on-kolkata-streets/articleshow/123781093.cms |access-date=10 September 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=9 September 2025}}</ref>

== Release ==
On 28 May 2025, the producers announced that ''Devi Chowdhurani'' would now be released in cinemas during [[Durga Puja]] 2025, shifting from its earlier May release window.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2025 |title=Srabanti Chatterjee-starrer 'Devi Chowdhurani' to release in theatres during Durga Puja |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srabanti-chatterjee-starrer-period-drama-to-release-in-theatres-during-durga-puja/cid/2103011 |access-date=30 May 2025 |work=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> It was released in the theatrical screens on 26 September 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tolly ready for epic Pujo box office clash |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/tolly-ready-for-epic-pujo-bo-clash/articleshow/123359080.cms |access-date=21 August 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=18 August 2025}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
Eshna Bhattacharya of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote "Despite these imperfections, Devi Chowdhurani is a landmark attempt - ambitious in scope, respectful to its literary roots, and unafraid to reinterpret when necessary. Its greatest triumph lies in how it revives Bankim’s heroine with dignity and fire, reminding audiences of her relevance as both history and myth." She applauded Srabanti and Prosenjit's peerformances, transition in Srabanti's character, cinematic arc of the novel, the supporting ensemble's performance, cinematography, background score and production design, the costumes and action choreography but bemoaned the visual effects in certain parts, few dragged stretches and weak narrative in certain scenes which unnecessarily delays the ending.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Eshna |title=Devi Chowdhurani Movie Review: A visually striking adaptation backed by great performances |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/devichowdhurani/movie-review/124159785.cms |access-date=30 September 2025 |work=[[Times of India]] |date=27 September 2025}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

Ranjan Bandyopadhyay, in ''[[Sangbad Pratidin]]'', gave the film high praise and appreciated the director for taking the story beyond the romantic cloudiness of Bankim's time and revealing the gory reality of the then history. According to him, this film showed the best performance of Prosenjit's career.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Ranjan |title=Devi Chowdhurani Film Review: ‘দেবী চৌধুরানী’র ধ্রুবপদ ভবানী পাঠকই, বঙ্কিমের মেঘ সরিয়ে রক্তাক্ত রিয়েলিটি দেখালেন পরিচালক |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/prosenjit-chatterjee-starrer-devi-chowdhurani-film-review/ |access-date=4 October 2025 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=27 September 2025}}</ref> Subhash K Jha, in a review for ''Bolly Spice'', rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote "Devi Chowdhurani doesn’t quite capture the epic canvas of the novel. But it brings a wistful wisdom to the portrayal of the characters; even a British stooge like Haraballabh Ray is what he is on account of the historic forces that shaped Colonial India." He praised the emotional core of the film, the cinematography but bemoaned the action sequences for being diminished by budgetary constraints.<ref>{{cite news |last1=K Jha |first1=Subhash |title=“Devi Chowdhurani: Prosenjit Plays An 18th Century Feminist” – A Subhash K Jha Review |url=https://bollyspice.com/devi-chowdhurani-prosenjit-plays-an-18th-century-feminist-a-subhash-k-jha-review/ |access-date=4 October 2025 |work=Bolly Spice |date=29 September 2025}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref>

Shatakshi Ganguly of ''IWMBuzz'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and opined "Subhrajit Mitra’s Devi Chowdhurani is not an attempt to retell a legend. It is a deliberate act of remembering — of giving space to a woman erased by time, relegated to folklore, and relegated to fiction. Here, she returns not as myth, but as a force." She praised Prosenjit's performance, termed Srabanti's performance as her career best, applauded the well written British characters, production design, dialogues, the script the background score but bemoaned the too slow pacing of the story.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Shatakshi |title=Devi Chowdhurani Review: An ode to the rebellion |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/movies/editorial-movies/devi-chowdhurani-review-an-ode-to-the-rebellion/2025/09/26 |access-date=4 October 2025 |work=IWMBuzz |date=26 September 2025}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

Shubhajit Adhikari of ''[[Bartaman]]'' reviewed the film and noted "Devi Chaudhurani seems to have become more alive through the combination of literature, history and legends." He praised Srabanti in the action scenes, Prosenjit's portrayal as Bhabani Pathak, the fighting sequences, rooted Bengali culture throughout the film, the cinematography, editing and the background score but criticised the filming background mismatch from the original locations' background as written in the historical texts and the little awkward pure Bengali dialogues delivered the characters.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adhikari |first1=Shubhajit |title=সাহিত্য-জনশ্রুতির মেলবন্ধনে জীবন্ত দেবী চৌধুরাণী |url=https://bartamanpatrika.com/news/devi-chowdhurani-movie-review-the-fusion-of-literature-and-folklore |access-date=4 October 2025 |work=[[Bartaman]] |date=27 September 2025 |language=bn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt27794798}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Bengali novels]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Bengali-language historical action films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language biographical films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language action adventure films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]

Shamsuddin Ahmed (Pakistani politician)

2026-04-24T19:34:04Z

NydiaChiodo9: starting some post needs work

{{Other uses|Shamsuddin Ahmed (disambiguation){{!}}Shamsuddin Ahmed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Mawlawi
| name = Shamsuddin Ahmed
| native_name = শামসুদ্দিন আহমেদ
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Shamsuddin Ahmed.jpeg
| order = 1st
| ambassador_from = Pakistani
| country = Burma
| term_start = January 1948
| term_end = May 1948
| predecessor = ''position established''
| successor = [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]]
| governor_general = [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
| office1 = [[Suhrawardy ministry|Commerce, Labour and Industry Minister of Bengal]]
| governor1 = [[Frederick Burrows]]
| prime_minister1 = [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
| term_start1 = 24 April 1946
| term_end1 = 13 August 1947
| predecessor1 = [[Khawaja Shahabuddin]]
| successor1 = ''position abolished''
| office2 = [[Second Haq ministry|Communication and Public Works Minister of Bengal]]
| governor2 = [[John Herbert (Conservative politician)|John Arthur Herbert]]
| prime_minister2 = [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
| term_start2 = 12 December 1941
| term_end2 = 28 April 1943
| predecessor2 = [[Srish Chandra Nandy]]
| successor2 = [[Barada Prasanna Pain]]
| office3 = [[First Haq ministry|Commerce and Industry Minister of Bengal]]
| governor3 = [[Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne|Michael Knatchbull]] John Arthur Herbert
| prime_minister3 = A. K. Fazlul Huq
| term_start3 = 1 April 1937
| term_end3 = 11 December 1941
| predecessor3 = ''position established''
| successor3 = Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
| assembly4 = Bengal Legislative
| constituency_AM4 = Kushtia (Muhammamadan)
| leader4 = A. K. Fazlul Huq Khawaja Nazimuddin Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
| predecessor4 = ''position established''
| successor4 = ''position dissolved''
| term_start4 = 1 April 1937
| term_end4 = 14 August 1947
| birth_date = {{Birth date text|1889}}
| birth_place = [[Nadia district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1969|10|31|1889}}
| death_place = [[Chittagong]], [[East Pakistan]], Pakistan
| party = [[Pakistan Socialist Party|PSP]]
| other_party = {{ubl|[[All-India Muslim League|AIML]] (1944–1948)|[[Krishak Praja Party|KPP]] (1929–1944)|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] (pre-1929)}}
| resting_place = Sultanpur, [[Kushtia District]], Bangladesh
| relations =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| occupation = Lawyer
| education = {{ubl|LL.B.|M.A. in Arts}}
}}
'''Shamsuddin Ahmed''' (1889–1969) was a prominent leader of the Bhanubil Krishak Praja Movement and a lawyer and politician in British-ruled India and post-independence Pakistan.

== Early life ==
Shamsuddin Ahmed was born in 1889 in the village of Sultanpur, under [[Kumarkhali Upazila|Kumarkhali thana]] in the [[Kushtia District|Kushtia subdivision]] of [[Nadia district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India. After passing the matriculation examination from [[Hooghly Collegiate School]] in 1910, he enrolled at [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] in Calcutta and earned his undergraduate degree from there. Six years after completing matriculation, he obtained a postgraduate degree in Arts and a bachelor's degree in Law from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=ব>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Ahmed, Shamsuddin2|author=Rana Razzak}}</ref>

== Career ==
Ahmed began his professional career in 1917 as a lawyer at the district court of Krishnanagar. Two years later, in 1919, he started practicing at the [[Calcutta High Court]], where he worked as an assistant to [[Chittaranjan Das]]. From 1921 to 1925, he served as the secretary of the [[Bengal Provincial Congress Committee]], and in the 1926 Indian provincial elections, he was elected as a member of the [[Bengal Legislative Council]]. However, in 1929, he left the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and joined the All-Bengal Tenant Association, where he served as the joint secretary. In 1933, he was elected commissioner of the [[Calcutta Municipal Corporation]] and held the position for three years.<ref name=ব/> In the [[1937 Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], he won a seat and became a legislative assembly member representing the [[Krishak Praja Party]] (KPP).<ref name=ব/> He was appointed minister of commerce and industry in the [[First Huq ministry]].<ref name=ম/> In 1941, he became minister of communication and public works in the [[Second Huq ministry]].<ref name=ম/> In 1944, he left the KPP and joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] (AIML). In 1946, he joined the [[Suhrawardy ministry]]<ref name=ব/> and was appointed minister of commerce, labour, and industry.<ref>{{cite document|title=Bengal Legislative Assembly Proceedings on Partition of Bengal (The 20th June 1947), Volume LXXII No. IV|page=VII|orig-year=1947|year=2002|publisher=[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]}}</ref> After the [[independence of Pakistan]] in 1947, the Pakistani government appointed Ahmed as the newly formed state's first ambassador to [[Burma]].<ref name=ব/> Later, he became one of the founders and chairman of East Pakistan branch of the [[Pakistan Socialist Party]] (PSP).<ref name=আ/><ref>{{cite news|title=সমাজতন্ত্রী দলের পুনরুজ্জীবন: চেয়ারম্যান কর্ত্তৃক জাতীয় চরিত্র গঠনের আহ্বান|language=bn|page=5|date=10 September 1962|newspaper=[[The Azad]]}}</ref> In the post-independence period, he also worked as a lawyer at the [[Dacca High Court]].<ref>{{cite book|title=বাংলা একাডেমী চরিতাভিধান|language=bn|page=510|year=2011|orig-year=1985|publisher=[[Bangla Academy]]|place=Dhaka|isbn=978-9840751389}}</ref>

== Family, legacy, and death ==
His elder brother was Mawlawi Afsar Uddin, a philanthropist and social activist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=322930|title=কুমারখালী, শুধু একটি নাম নয়|language=bn|first=Mohammad Amzad|last=Hossain|date=7 April 2022|newspaper=[[Manab Zamin]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603071203/https://mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=322930#gsc.tab=0|archive-date=3 June 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1946, Ahmed founded [[Kushtia Government College|Kushtia College]] and the Kushtia Alia Madrasa.<ref name=ম>{{cite news|url=https://digontodhara.news/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D/print/|title=অবিভক্ত বাংলার প্রথম মন্ত্রী মৌলভী শামসুদ্দিন আহমেদের ৫৫তম শাহাদাৎ বার্ষিকীতে শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি|language=bn|date=1 November 2024|publisher=Digontodhara News|access-date=16 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602145809/https://digontodhara.news/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D/print/|archive-date=2 June 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> He died on 31 October 1969 in [[Chittagong]], [[East Pakistan]], Pakistan at the residence of his son-in-law Bazlus Sattar, a politician affiliated with the [[National Awami Party (Bhashani)|National Awami Party (Bhasani)]].<ref name=আ>{{cite news|title=বিশিষ্ট রাজনীতিবিদ শামসুদ্দিন আহমদের এন্তেকাল|language=bn|pages=1, 8|date=1 November 1969|newspaper=[[The Azad]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Shamsuddin}}
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani lawyers]]
[[Category:All-India Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to Myanmar]]
[[Category:Bengal MLAs 1937–1945]]
[[Category:Bengal MLAs 1946–1947]]
[[Category:East Bengal MLAs 1947–1954]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Krishak Sramik Party politicians]]
[[Category:Pakistani socialists]]
[[Category:People from Kumarkhali Upazila]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Kushtia District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kushtia District]]

Meyyaram

2026-04-23T10:27:23Z

NydiaChiodo9: done

{{multiple issues|
{{notability|Books|date=November 2012}}
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
'''''Meyyaram''''' is a book written by [[V. O. Chidambaram Pillai]] while confined in the [[Central Prison, Coimbatore]], India, from 9 July 1908 to 1 December 1910. The book was later publish upon his release with the first edition being printed in 1914.

This book was written in dedication to the first person who wrote the history of [[Tamil literature]], Thiru [[Srinivasa Pillai]] from Tanjore. The title of the book carries the meaning of truth (Mey) and virtue (Aram).

The book consists of 125 chapters which are divided into 5 sections. The first part of the book consists of 30 chapters and is written for students, talking about the body, mind and soul. The second part also consists of 30 chapters talking about family life. The third part where Chidambaram teaches how to govern a country has 50 chapters. The fourth part which touches on Truth covers 10 chapters. The fifth part shows the reader the way to reach the state of Godliness in the final five chapters.

==History of the Book==
Meyyaram was written by Chidambaram while in jail (from 9 July 1908 to 1 December 1910). The book was published after his release. Chidambaram dedicated the book to Thiru [[Srinivasa Pillai]] from Tanjore, the first person to write a history of Tamil literature. The book was published three times. The first edition was printed in Chennai by Progressive Press in 1914. The second edition was printed in Chennai by Kalaratnagara Press in 1917. The third edition was printed in Ambasamuththiram (near Thirunelveli) by Shanmugavilas Press in 1930. The [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] has bought the copyright to Chidambaram's work and it may now be published by anybody.

==Subject matter broken down by section==
The aim of ''Meyyaram'' is to prepare the reader to lead a moral life. The word "Meyyaram" is composed of two elements: "Mey" and "Aram". "Mey" means the truth and "Aram" means virtue. In this work, Chidambaram explains these concepts in short, simple, and easily understood verses. The book has 125 chapters, divided into 5 parts. Each chapter contains 10 verses, that is, 10 lines. Each verse gives a piece of advice.

The first part of the book has 30 chapters, and is intended for students. In this part, Chidambaram says that childhood is the appropriate age for learning. The child should learn what he needs to learn, and should avoid other things. He should give importance to his duty, obedience, education and good health.

Here, Chidambaram writes about the body, mind and soul. He explains that the mind is responsible for our activities, so the mind should control the body, while the soul should guide the mind. It also explains that one's life is self-determined, while God is only an observer. In other words, whether one's life has a good or bad outcome is determined by whether one's actions were good or bad. Rather than believing fate to be predetermined, actions play a prominent role in determining one's future.

Chidambaram urges students to avoid vices, such as: meat, alcohol, theft, slander, lying, alms, jealousy, evil friendship, and gossip. He teaches students to give importance to virtues such as good friendship, gratitude, equity, modesty, morality, assiduity, perseverance.

The second part contains 30 chapters, of which twenty have been translated. This part speaks about family life. It advises us on how to select a spouse, how to lead family, etc. It helps us overcome ignorance, folly, procrastination, forgetfulness, sluggishness, etc. It instructs us to avoid too much sleep, pride, dread, covetousness, etc.

The third part has 50 chapters, in which Chidambaram explains how to govern a country.

The fourth part contains 10 chapters and speaks about Truth.

The fifth and final part consists of only 5 chapters. It explains the way to reach the state of Godliness.

==Structure of each chapter==
Each chapter is precisely structured with 10 lines to a chapter. The first line explains the title. In the following lines, Chidambaram lists the positive and negative points. The final line explains the moral of that chapter. For example, the 29th chapter speaks about [[Assiduity]]. The first line explains what assiduity is: having the intention to aim high. The second line impresses the importance of assiduity. The third line speaks about the disadvantage of not having it. The fourth and fifth lines compare these two types of persons. The remaining lines advise us to have assiduity. Thus, each chapter is complete in itself.

==Quotations==
Each verse is simple and didactic. For example, the 12th verse states, "The doer of action is the determiner of fate". In Tamil there are four words:

விதிசெய் கர்த்தா வினைசெய் யுயிரே.

This verse is a token example of Chidambaram's teaching that one's fate is self-determined. The language exemplifies Chidambaram's concise, clear, and understandable style of writing.

==Revolutionary ideas of Chidambaram in Meyyaram==
''Meyyaram'' contains some notions that were revolutionary for its time. Many of these notions pertained to [[women's rights]]. Chidambaram writes in the second line of this book, "Men and women have the right to study" (although women were not allowed to go to school when this was written). Elsewhere in the book, Chidambaram promotes the equal treatment of men and women. In the 7th chapter, he explains the qualities of a good teacher, and declares that both men and women have the right to become a teacher.

In the 34th chapter, he writes in the first line, "The wise among the couple can govern the family," and in the second line, "It is vain talk to say that the male is superior". Chidambaram makes it clear that a woman can be wiser than a man. He also says that the husband and the wife should consult each other before executing anything.

Another culturally revolutionary idea concerns the practice of remarrying, which was culturally unacceptable. In the 33rd chapter, Chidambaram writes that it is dignified to marry a person who has lost a spouse.

==Peace of mind==
Chidambaram aims to help us attain peace of mind by guiding us to what we should do and what we should not do. According to Chidambaram, to lead a better life money is not enough; peace of mind is also needed. To explain this idea, Chidambaram uses an example. One can buy a comfortable bed but without peace of mind one cannot sleep. We should protect our body, because it is a supreme tool which can do many things. Then we should control our mind because our mind is a great power which can create, protect and destroy. We should take care of our parents and our children, who are our real wealth. If we do all of these things, Chidambaram claims that we will find peace of mind.

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Tamil-language literature]]

Perungudi, Tiruchirappalli

2026-04-22T08:20:01Z

NydiaChiodo9: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Perungudi,Tiruchirapalli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ta
| other_name =
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| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
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| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
|coordinates = {{coord|10.823648|78.63739|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]
| established_title = 
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| elevation_m = 77
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
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'''Perungudi''' is a village in Andanallur Taluk in the [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli District]] of the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. A part of Malliyampathu Panchayath, it is located 7 kilometers west of district headquarters and 9 kilometers from Andanallur.

==Language==
The local language of the town is Tamil.

==Transport==
Tiruchirappalli Fort Railway Station, and Tiruchirappalli Railway Station are nearby.

==Education==
*Cauvery College Of Engineering And Technology
*Kamatchi Polytechnic College

==Schools near Perungudi==
* Bharathy High School
* S.S.M.S, Arumbugal Nagar
* St. Gabriels M.s
* GHS, Thiruchendurai

==Temple==
2km from [[Somarasampettai]] is a temple connected with the Kumara Vayalur Murugan temple that is a monument of [[Parantaka Chola II|Sundara Chola]] and [[Aditya Karikalan|Adithya II]] periods.

[[Balasubramaniam|Balasubramaniar]] is presented with a face and four hands along with [[Devayani]] in standing posture. Idols have been discovered in various places inside the temple.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shanthiraju.wordpress.com/trichy/ |title=Trichy | Raju's Temple Visits |website=Shanthiraju.wordpress.com |date=2014-08-07 |accessdate=2016-03-12}}</ref> At one location [[Shani|Saneeswaran]] faces [[Kartikeya|Murugan]]. In another the [[Shiva]] statue named Agastheeswarar is tilted, allegedly because Lord Shiva, while accepting a gift from a handicapped woman (as a token of love), had to bend sideways to receive it. The temple was dated to 969 A.D. In another spot the [[Vishnu]] statue is just outside Shiva Sannidi.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruchirappalli district]]

Shiv Nadar

2026-04-15T05:28:50Z

NydiaChiodo9: starting some article added tags

{{Short description|Indian businessman (born 1945)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shiv Nadar
| image = Shiv Nadar.png
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1945|07|14}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Famous Indians of the 20th century|publisher=Pustak Mahal|last=Sharma|first=Vishwamitra|year=2003|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-223-0829-5|page=220}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Moolaipozhi]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Founder, [[HCLTech]], [[SSN College of Engineering]], [[Shiv Nadar University]], and [[Shiv Nadar University, Chennai]]
| alma_mater = [[PSG College of Technology]]
| spouse = [[Kiran Nadar]]
| children = [[Roshni Nadar Malhotra]]
| relatives = [[S. N. Balakrishnan]] (brother)
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2008)
| website =
}}

'''Shiv Nadar''' (born 14 July 1945)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=iyer |first=rahul |date=2024-11-11 |title=Who is Shiv Nadar: Mr. HCL And India's Top Philanthropist |url=https://www.leaderbiography.com/shiv-nadar/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Leader Biography |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111105752/https://www.leaderbiography.com/shiv-nadar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is an Indian billionaire businessman and philanthropist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shiv Nadar's Path To Philanthropy |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/long-reads/shiv-nadars-path-to-philanthropy/109611 |access-date=22 February 2023 |work=Fortune India |language=en}}</ref> He is the founder and chairman of [[HCLTech|HCL Technologies]], and is chairman of the Shiv Nadar Foundation. Nadar founded HCL in 1976 and transformed the IT hardware company into an IT enterprise over the next three decades.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-19|title=Shiv Nadar steps down as HCL Tech MD, C Vijayakumar to take over|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/shiv-nadar-steps-down-as-hcl-tech-md-c-vijayakumar-to-take-over-11626698883795.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116023143/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/shiv-nadar-steps-down-as-hcl-tech-md-c-vijayakumar-to-take-over-11626698883795.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2008, Nadar was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] for his efforts in the IT industry.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> Nadar, nicknamed by friends as ''[[Magus]]'' ([[Persian language|Old Persian]] for "[[Wizard (fantasy)|wizard]]"),<ref name="rediff2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/aug/09nadar.htm|title=Shiv Nadar completes 25 years of success|publisher=[[Rediff]]|author=Arvind Padmanabham|access-date=26 March 2008|archive-date=27 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327081806/http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/aug/09nadar.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> since the mid-1990s he has focused his efforts on developing the educational system of India through the Shiv Nadar Foundation.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/shiv-nadar-foundation-forays-into-elementary-education/449223/
| title = Shiv Nadar Foundation forays into elementary education
| author = Vijay
| newspaper = Business Standard India
| publisher = Machinist.in
| date = 15 September 2011
| access-date = 6 December 2011
}}</ref>
According to ''Forbes'', he has an estimated net worth of US$34.1 billion as of 26 March 2025, making him one of the richest people in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shiv Nadar |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shiv-nadar/ |access-date=2025-11-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Nadar was born in [[Moolaipozhi|Moolaipozhi village]], [[Madras Presidency]] (present day [[Thoothukudi district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]) into a [[Tamils|Tamil Hindu]] family.<ref>{{cite book | title=India Inc: how India's top ten entrepreneurs are winning globally| author=Vikas Pota| date=7 January 2010| page=179| publisher=Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2009| isbn=978-1-85788-524-8}}</ref> His parents were Sivasubramaniya Nadar and Vamasundari Devi. His mother, Vamasundari Devi, is the sister of [[S. P. Adithanar]], founder of ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' newspaper.

Nadar studied at [[Town Higher Secondary School]], Kumbakonam.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thsskumbakonam.com/prominent-students.php | title=Prominent Students of Our School | access-date=19 July 2012 }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He also studied in the Elango Corporation Higher Secondary School, [[Madurai]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/elango-corporation-schools-alumnus-shiv-nadar-hcl-founder/article28797547.ece |title=Elango Corporation School's old students Shiv Nadar, the founder-chairman of HCL |work=The Hindu |date=2 August 2019 |access-date=13 February 2020 |last1=Basu |first1=Soma |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921010059/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/elango-corporation-schools-alumnus-shiv-nadar-hcl-founder/article28797547.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He was admitted into the first form (Sixth Standard) in June 1955 and continued his education in Town High School until June 1957. Later, he joined St. Joseph Boys Higher Secondary School, Trichy, and completed high school education here.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/nadar-says-hindi-shaped-his-career-asks-students-to-learn-it/articleshow/67842025.cms |title=Shiv Nadar says Hindi shaped his career, asks students to learn it {{pipe}} Trichy News - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=5 February 2019 |access-date=13 February 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828112111/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/nadar-says-hindi-shaped-his-career-asks-students-to-learn-it/articleshow/67842025.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Nadar received a pre-university degree in [[The American College in Madurai|the American College, Madurai]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PADMA SHRI – ALUMNI {{!}} The American College |url=https://americancollege.edu.in/padma-shri-alumini |access-date=2024-06-10 |language=en-US |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610110504/https://americancollege.edu.in/padma-shri-alumini |url-status=live }}</ref> and a degree in [[Electrical engineering|Electrical Engineering]] from [[PSG College of Technology]], [[Coimbatore]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG College of Technology |url=https://www.psgtech.edu/DAlumni.php |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=www.psgtech.edu}}</ref> in 1967.

== Career ==
Nadar<ref>{{cite web |title=Shiv Nadar – Unknown Facts about the HCL Man |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/photo-stories/tech/shiv-nadar-unknown-facts-about-the-hcl-man-580 |website=The Hans India |access-date=13 July 2021 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713155339/https://www.thehansindia.com/photo-stories/tech/shiv-nadar-unknown-facts-about-the-hcl-man-580 |url-status=live }}</ref> began his career at [[Walchand group]]'s ''Cooper Engineering Ltd.'' in Pune in 1967.<ref>{{cite book |title=India's New Capitalists: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation| author=Harish Damodharan| date=16 September 2008| page=191| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan| isbn=978-0-230-20507-9}}</ref> he soon gave it up to begin his own venture, in partnerships with several friends and colleagues. These partners were [[Ajai Chowdhry]] (Ex-Chairman, HCL), Arjun Malhotra (CEO and chairman, Headstrong), Subhash Arora, Yogesh Vaidya, S. Raman, Mahendra Pratap and DS Puri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1078480,prtpage-1.cms|title=Wanna be a CEO? Join HCL|date=15 April 2005|access-date=3 April 2008|publisher=Indiatimes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216052729/http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1078480,prtpage-1.cms|archive-date=16 February 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The initial enterprise that Nadar and his partners began was Microcomp, a company that focused on selling teledigital calculators in the Indian market.<ref name="moneycontrol">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/jun/09bspec1.htm|title=The amazing story of the birth of HCL|publisher=Moneycontrol|date=9 June 2007|access-date=26 March 2008|archive-date=27 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327031922/http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/jun/09bspec1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dqindia.ciol.com/content/dq_top20/2002/102072503.asp|title=HCL Group: The M&A Year|publisher=DQ Group|date=25 July 2002|access-date=26 March 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321113809/http://dqindia.ciol.com/content/dq_top20/2002/102072503.asp|archive-date=21 March 2008}}</ref> HCL was founded in 1976, with an investment of {{INRConvert|187|k|lk=r|year=1976}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dqindia.ciol.com/content/dqtop202k3/giants/103080504.asp|title=HCL GROUP – The Change Agents|publisher=DQ India|access-date=26 March 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423174235/http://dqindia.ciol.com/content/dqtop202k3/giants/103080504.asp|archive-date=23 April 2008}}</ref>

In 1980, HCL ventured into the international market with the opening of Far East Computers in Singapore to sell IT hardware. The venture reported {{INRConvert|1|m|year=1980}} in revenue in the first year and continued to address the Singapore operations.<ref name="mcdark">{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/management/shivnadarhcl/thedarkhorsetechnologysector/market/stocks/article/279967|title=The dark horse of the technology sector|publisher=Moneycontrol|date=7 May 2007|access-date=26 March 2008|archive-date=21 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121103049/http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/management/shivnadarhcl/thedarkhorsetechnologysector/market/stocks/article/279967|url-status=live}}</ref> Nadar remained the largest shareholder without retaining any management control.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=tech |first=psg |title=PSGTech |url=https://www.psgtech.edu/files/general/Shiv%20Nadar.pdf |journal=PSGTech |archive-date=11 November 2024 |access-date=11 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111110408/https://www.psgtech.edu/files/general/Shiv%20Nadar.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

In Aug 2020, Nadar handed over to his daughter Roshni Nadar, who became the first woman chair of a listed Indian IT company.<ref>{{Cite web|date=Jul 18, 2020|title=Roshni Nadar Malhotra becomes HCL Tech chairperson. Who is she? {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/roshni-nadar-malhotra-becomes-hcl-tech-chairperson-who-is-she/articleshow/77034892.cms|access-date=2021-07-19|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116023140/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/roshni-nadar-malhotra-becomes-hcl-tech-chairperson-who-is-she/articleshow/77034892.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2021, Nadar also stepped down as managing director of HCL Technologies, and was succeeded by [[C Vijayakumar]], HCL Tech CEO, for a five-year term.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-19|title=Shiv Nadar steps down as HCL Tech MD, C Vijayakumar to take over|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/shiv-nadar-steps-down-as-hcl-tech-md-c-vijayakumar-to-take-over-11626698883795.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=mint|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116023143/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/shiv-nadar-steps-down-as-hcl-tech-md-c-vijayakumar-to-take-over-11626698883795.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2021, he was ranked by ''Forbes'' magazine as the third richest person in India with an estimated net worth of US$31 billion.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=October 1, 2021|title=Mukesh Ambani tops Hurun Rich list 2021, spotlight on Gautam Adani's 261% wealth growth|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/iifl-hurun-rich-list-2021-mukesh-ambani-gautam-adani-top-positions-1859242-2021-09-30|access-date=2021-12-18|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=18 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218112356/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/iifl-hurun-rich-list-2021-mukesh-ambani-gautam-adani-top-positions-1859242-2021-09-30|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Focus on education ==
[[File:Shri Shiv Nadar and Ms Roshni Nadar presenting a cheque of Rs. 4 crore to the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, towards the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund in New Delhi on January 17, 2005.jpg|thumb|Shiv and Roshni Nadar presenting a cheque of {{INRConvert|40|m|year=2005|mode=historical}} to the Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]], towards the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund in New Delhi on 17 January 2005]]
In 1996, Nadar founded [[SSN College of Engineering]] in [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Founder – SSN Institutions |url=https://www.ssn.edu.in/college-of-engineering/about-ssn-the-founder/ |access-date=2024-02-02 |language=en-US |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202035416/https://www.ssn.edu.in/college-of-engineering/about-ssn-the-founder/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in the name of his father, Sivasubramaniya Nadar. Nadar took an active role in the college activities, including the gifting of {{INRConvert|1|m|year=2001}} worth of HCL shares to the college.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/ew/2001/07/25/stories/0125a203.htm |title=Shiv Nadar gifts HCL Tech shares to Chennai Trust |work=The Hindu |location=India |date=25 July 2001 |access-date=26 March 2008 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030513060340/http://www.hinduonnet.com/businessline/ew/2001/07/25/stories/0125a203.htm |archive-date=13 May 2003 }}</ref> In 2006, Nadar announced that the college will promote research apart from ensuring that students benefit from foreign university tie-ups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/01/stories/2006030114710500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523091743/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/01/stories/2006030114710500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 May 2006|title=SSN engineering college to step up high-end research |location=India|date=1 March 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 March 2008}}</ref> Nadar joined the executive board of [[Indian School of Business]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/05/stories/2005100503100900.htm|title=Shiv Nadar joins ISB executive board|work=The Hindu|location=India|date=5 October 2004|access-date=26 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930230146/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/05/stories/2005100503100900.htm|archive-date=30 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> In March 2008, Nadar's SSN Trust announced the setting up of two Vidyagyan schools in [[Uttar Pradesh]] for rural students, where free scholarship for 200 students from 50 districts of the state. He visited Town Higher Secondary School in February 2011 and donated computers and other equipment worth {{INRConvert|8|m|year=2011}}. He was chairman of the board of governors, [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]] (IIT Kharagpur or IIT-KGP), a technical institute until 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=News |first1=NDTV |title=HCL founder Shiv Nadar to head IIT-Kharagpur's board |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/hcl-founder-shiv-nadar-to-head-iit-kharagpurs-board-3475 |access-date=15 May 2020 |publisher=NDTV News |date=29 October 2011 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116023140/https://www.ndtv.com/business/hcl-founder-shiv-nadar-to-head-iit-kharagpurs-board-3475 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nadar's daughter [[Roshni Nadar]] is now chairwoman of HCL. She was the manager of HCL when Nadar started it in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/hcl-gen-next-roshni-nadar-appointed-chairman-of-hcl-tech/articleshow/66335013.cms|title=HCL gen-next Roshni Nadar appointed vice-chairman of HCL Tech|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 October 2018|archive-date=1 December 2021|access-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201001252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/hcl-gen-next-roshni-nadar-appointed-chairman-of-hcl-tech/articleshow/66335013.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

His wife, [[Kiran Nadar]], is an art collector and philanthropist.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/special-leaps-of-faith-for-a-better-tomorrow-the-dalit-story-1024354 |title=Leaps of faith for a better tomorrow, the Dalit story |access-date=26 July 2022 |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517031355/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/special-leaps-of-faith-for-a-better-tomorrow-the-dalit-story-1024354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nadar and his wife are active bridge players and sponsors of the HCL Bridge Tournament in India.{{citation needed|date= November 2024}} Nadar topped the list of most generous donors of 2024 as he donated nearly rupees 6 crore every day in the year.<ref name=":0" />

== Awards and accolades ==

* In 2008, the Government of India awarded him with a [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award, for his contribution to the IT industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Company/Corporate_Trends/India_Inc_shines_on_civilian_honour_rolls/rssarticleshow/2734466.cms|title=India Inc shines on civilian honour rolls|work=The Economic Times|location=India|date=27 January 2008|access-date=26 March 2008|archive-date=14 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114123133/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Company/Corporate_Trends/India_Inc_shines_on_civilian_honour_rolls/rssarticleshow/2734466.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2007, Madras University awarded him an honorary doctorate degree.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/11/stories/2007111155170500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115192929/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/11/stories/2007111155170500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 November 2007|title=Honorary doctorate for Balachander, Nadar|location=India|date=11 November 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=26 March 2008}}</ref>
* Shiv Nadar was awarded E&Y Entrepreneur of the Year 2007 (Services).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ey.com/GLOBAL/content.nsf/India/EOY_2007_Winner_shiv_Nadar|title=Honorary Entrepreneur Of The Year 2007 – Services|publisher=[[Ernst & Young]]|access-date=26 March 2008}}{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* In 2011, he was counted amongst ''Forbes''{{'}} 48 Heroes of Philanthropy in Asia Pacific.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2011/0718/heroes-philanthropy-11-kaldor-zhiqiang-oberoi-heroes-list.html|title=48 Heroes Of Philanthropy|last=Staff|first=Forbes Asia|date=22 June 2011|work=Forbes|access-date=8 August 2017|language=en|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809001459/https://www.forbes.com/global/2011/0718/heroes-philanthropy-11-kaldor-zhiqiang-oberoi-heroes-list.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In April 2017, [[India Today]] magazine ranked Nadar #16th in India's 50 Most Powerful People of 2017 list.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's 50 powerful people|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170424-india-today-top-50-powerful-indians-mukesh-ambani-ratan-tata-kumar-mangalam-birla-gautam-adani-anand-mahindra-srk-amitabh-bacchan-986203-2017-04-14|publisher=[[India Today]]|date=14 April 2017|archive-date=17 April 2017|access-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417122537/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-today-top-50-powerful-indians-mukesh-ambani-ratan-tata-kumar-mangalam-birla-gautam-adani-anand-mahindra-srk-amitabh-bacchan/1/928939.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Shiv Nadar has committed more than $1 billion to philanthropy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2016/07/06/shiv-nadars-vidyagyan-lands-rural-indian-kids-in-leading-institutes-from-engineering-to-fashion/#7adf6b512903|title=Shiv Nadar's VidyaGyan Lands Rural Indian Kids In Leading Institutes -From Engineering To Fashion|last=Raghunathan|first=Anu|work=Forbes|access-date=8 August 2017|language=en|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809001414/https://www.forbes.com/sites/anuraghunathan/2016/07/06/shiv-nadars-vidyagyan-lands-rural-indian-kids-in-leading-institutes-from-engineering-to-fashion/#7adf6b512903|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.hcltech.com/leadership#shiv Profile] at [[HCL Enterprise|HCL]]
* [https://www.forbes.com/profile/shiv-nadar/?sh=18da65d55383 Profile] at [[Forbes]]
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/shiv-nadar/ Profile] at [[Bloomberg L.P.]]

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nadar, Shiv}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Businesspeople in the software industry]]
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Tamil billionaires]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry]]
[[Category:Tamil businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Thoothukudi district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]

J. Satyanarayana

2026-04-10T00:31:07Z

NydiaChiodo9: Made a data needs work.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = The Secretary, Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Shri J. Satyanarayana delivering the Keynote Address.jpg
| name = J. Satyanarayana
| office = 2nd Chairman of [[Unique Identification Authority of India]]
| predecessor = [[Nandan Nilekani]]
| successor = Neelkanth Mishra<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/companies/people/axis-bank-s-neelkanth-mishra-appointed-as-uidai-s-part-time-chairman-123082201029_1.html</ref>
| term_start = 8 September 2016
| term_end = 15 April 2019
| office1 = Adviser (e-Governance, Electronics and Information Technology) to [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| office2 = [[Secretary to Government of India|Communications and Information Technology Secretary]] of India
| term_start1 = 14 June 2014
| term_end1 = 3 September 2016
| term_start2 = 14 March 2012
| term_end2 = 31 April 2014
| birth_name = J. Satyanarayana
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|04|16}}
| birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Retired [[IAS officer]]
| native_name =
| founder =
| order =
}}

'''J. Satyanarayana''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''J. Satyanārāyaṇa''; born 16 April 1954) is a retired 1977 batch Indian Administrative Service officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre. Satyanarayana is the former chairman of [[Aadhaar|Unique Identification Authority of India]] (UIDAI), the nodal agency of Government of India for implementing [[Aadhaar]]. He also served as the [[Secretary to Government of India|Communications and Information Technology Secretary]] of India.

== Education ==
J. Satyanarayana has a [[Undergraduate education|graduate]] degree (BSc) in [[Mathematics]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=2708&PageId=|title=J. Satyanarayana - Executive Record Sheet|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nisg.org/page/67|title=BOARD MEMBER - SHRI J SATYANARAYANA|last=|first=|date=|website=[[National Institute for Smart Government]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121143246/http://www.nisg.org/page/67|archive-date=21 January 2018|url-status = live|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> and is a [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] (MSc) in [[Physics]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Satyanarayana also holds an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA degree]] from the [[University of Ljubljana]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Career ==

=== As an IAS officer ===
J. Satyanarayana served in key positions for both the [[Government of India|Union Government]] and the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]], like as the Chief Commissioner of Land Administration (CCLA) of Andhra Pradesh, [[Chief Secretary (India)|Special Chief Secretary]] (Health, Medical and Family Welfare), [[Chief Secretary (India)|Special Chief Secretary]] to the [[List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] (Communications and Information Technology), [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] (Social Welfare), Commissioner and Inspector General (Registration), managing director of distilleries and breweries, special secretary to the Government Finance Department and as the [[District Collector (India)|District Magistrate and Collector]] of [[Anantapur]], [[Karimnagar]] and [[Kurnool]] districts in the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh Government]], and the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Communications and Information Technology Secretary]] in the [[Government of India|Union Government]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

J. Satyanarayana also had a stint with the [[National Institute for Smart Government]] (NISG), on [[Delegation|deputation]], as its chief executive officer (CEO), under Rule 6(2)(ii) of ''The'' ''Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules, 1954''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_II_IAS_Rule_01_0.pdf|title=The Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) rules, 1954|last=|first=|date=1954|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813225159/http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/Revised_AIS_Rule_Vol_II_IAS_Rule_01_0.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2017|access-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>

==== Electronics and Information Technology Secretary ====
[[File:The Union Minister for Electronics & Information Technology and Law & Justice, Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad administering the oath of secrecy and office as part time Chairman of UIDAI to Shri J. Satyanarayana, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|The Union Minister for Electronics & Information Technology and Law & Justice, Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad administering the oath of secrecy and office as part time Chairman of UIDAI to Shri J. Satyanarayana, in New Delhi]]
J. Satyanarayana was appointed as the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Communications and Information Technology Secretary]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/j-satyanarayana-transferred/article2934250.ece|title=J. Satyanarayana transferred|last=|first=|date=26 February 2012|website=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[Hyderabad]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> he assumed office on 14 March 2012,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> demitted it and simultaneously [[Pension|superannuated]] from service on 31 April 2014.<ref name=":0" />

=== Post-retirement ===

==== Adviser to Government of Andhra Pradesh ====
Post-retirement, J. Satyanarayana was appointed as the Adviser to the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] for e-Governance, Electronics and Information Technology, with the status of a [[Minister (government)|Cabinet Minister]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Retired-IAS-officer-J-Satyanarayana-has-been-appointed-as-advisor-to-government-of-Andhra-Pradesh-e-Governance-electronics-and-IT-He-has-been-assigned-status-of-cabinet-minister-/articleshow/36559121.cms?|title=Retired IAS officer J Satyanarayana has been appointed as advisor to government of Andhra Pradesh (e-Governance, electronics and IT). He has been assigned status of cabinet minister |author=Manish|date=14 June 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> He tendered his resignation to the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] on 3 September 2016.{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}

==== Chairman of UIDAI ====
J. Satyanarayana was appointed as the chairman of [[Aadhaar|Unique Identification Authority of India]] (UIDAI) by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/deity-ex-secretary-j-satyanarayana-is-new-uidai-chairperson/articleshow/54040727.cms|title=DEITY ex-secretary J Satyanarayana is new UIDAI chairperson|last=Sharma|first=Aman|date=7 September 2016|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/tmKF5PswJHp0QLlSdSFTbP/Former-IAS-officer-J-Satyanarayana-appointed-parttime-UIDA.html|title=Former IAS officer J. Satyanarayana appointed part-time UIDAI chairman|last=Gupta|first=Komal|date=7 September 2016|website=[[Live Mint]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ex-ias-officer-j-satyanarayana-appointed-part-time-uidai-chief-3017156/|title=Ex IAS officer J Satyanarayana appointed part-time UIDAI chief|last=|first=|date=6 September 2016|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ex-ias-officer-j-satyanarayana-appointed-part-time-uidai-chief-116090601212_1.html|title=Ex IAS officer J Satyanarayana appointed part-time UIDAI chief|last=|first=|date=6 September 2016|website=[[Business Standard]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref> He assumed the office of Chairman on 8 September 2016 and served the office till 15 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=149622|title=Shri J Satyanarayana appointed as part-time Chairman of UIDAI|last=|first=|date=8 September 2016|website=[[Press Information Bureau of India]]|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>

== Works ==
* {{Cite book|title=e-Government: The Science of the Possible|last=Satyanarayana|first=J.|publisher=Prentice Hall India Learning|year=2004|isbn=978-81-203-2608-8|edition=1st|location=[[Delhi]]|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|title=Managing Transformation: Objectives to Outcomes|last=Satyanarayana|first=J.|publisher=Prentice Hall India Learning|year=2012|isbn=978-81-203-4537-9|location=[[Delhi]]}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=2708&PageId= Executive Record Sheet as maintained by Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India]
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=383230146&privcapId=106594272&previousCapId=106594272&previousTitle=Unique%20Identification%20Authority%20of%20India. Executive Profile at Bloomberg]
* [http://www.nisg.org/page/67 Profile at National Institute for Smart Government's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121143246/http://www.nisg.org/page/67 |date=21 January 2018 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Satyanarayana, J.}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:University of Ljubljana alumni]]

Nabakrishna Deb

2026-03-24T16:30:49Z

NydiaChiodo9: small cleanup information for consistency additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|Founder of Shovabazar Raj family}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Maharaja Nabakrishna Deb
| image = Oil Portrait of Maharaja Nabakrishna Deb and Attendee.png
| image_size =
| caption = Maharaja Nabakrishna Deb: ''Posthumous Portrait'', c. early 20th Century
| birth_date = 10 October 1733
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1797|12|22|1733|10|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal]], British India
| known_for = Founder of [[Sovabazar Raj]]
| spouse =
| children = 1
| successor = [[Gopi Mohun Deb]]
}}
'''Maharaja Nabakrishna Deb''' (also known as [[Raja]] Nabakrishna Deb, archaic spelling Nubkissen; 10 October 1733 – 22 December 1797), founder of the [[Sovabazar Raj]] family, was a [[maharaja]] and close confidant and friend of [[Robert Clive]].<ref name = "Bose242">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Sengupta |editor1-first=Subodh Chandra |editor2-last=Basu |editor2-first=Anjali |year=1998 |orig-year=First published 1976 |script-title=bn:নবকৃষ্ণ দেব |trans-title=Nabakrishna Dev |script-encyclopedia=bn:সংসদ বাঙালি চরিতাভিধান |encyclopedia=Saṃsada bāṅāli caritābhidhāna |trans-encyclopedia=Parliament Bengali Biographical Dictionary |language=bn |volume=1 |edition=4th |location=Kolkata |publisher=Sahitya Samsad |isbn=81-85626-65-0 |page=242 |script-quote=bn:নবকৃষ্ণ দেব (১৭৩৩ - ২২-১১-১৭৯৭) ... শোভাবাজার রাজবংশের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা। ... লর্ড ক্লাইভের চেষ্টায় তিনি 'মহারাজা বাহাদুর' উপাধি |trans-quote=Nabakrishna Dev (1733 - 22-11-1797) ... Founder of the Shobhabazar dynasty. ... He was given the title of 'Maharaja Bahadur' through the efforts of Lord Clive}}</ref><ref name=Shobhabazar>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2047696.cms |title=Shobhabazar Raj Bari |access-date=18 February 2007 |last=Mukherjee Pandey |first=Jhimli |work=Family tradition alive in the City of Joy |publisher=Times of India |date=30 September 2006}}</ref><ref name = "Cotton288-289">{{cite book |last=Cotton |first=H. E. A. |author-link=Evan Cotton |title=Calcutta Old and New |year=1980 |orig-year=First published 1907 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12353/page/n671/mode/2up |edition=Revised |location=Calcutta |publisher=General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |pages=288–289}}</ref><ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-durga-puja-s-colonial-roots-1754517 |title=Durga puja's colonial roots - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |date=21 October 2012 |access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref> Deb was instrumental in a plot against [[Siraj-ud-Daulah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian School, Early 20th Century |url=http://auctions.bidandhammer.com/indian-school-nabakrishna-deb?productId=623 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=Bid and Hammer}}</ref>

In 1757, Deb began construction of [[Shobhabazar Rajbari]]. It was a large house with a public courtyard, and was designed to flaunt his wealth and status. There he hosted an annual [[Durga Puja]] festival. Clive attended after his victory at the [[Battle of Plassey]].<ref name="Menin2004">{{cite book |last1=Beattie |first1=Martin |editor-last=Menin |editor-first=Sarah |chapter=Hybrid identities: 'Public' and 'private' life in the courtyard houses of Barabazaar, Kolkata, lndia |title=Constructing Place: Mind and the Matter of Place-Making |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kksWHDk5L4C&pg=PA156 |access-date=4 April 2017 |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-37909-5 |page=156}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Shovabazar Durga Puja.jpg|Thakurdalan at [[Shobhabazar Rajbari]]
File:Shovabazar Singha Darja.jpg|Singh Dwar (Lion gate) at [[Shobhabazar Rajbari]]
File:Shovabazar Natmandir.jpg|Natmandir at [[Shobhabazar Rajbari]]
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deb, Nabakrishna}}
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Hindu revivalists]]
[[Category:1733 births]]
[[Category:1797 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:18th-century philanthropists]]
[[Category:18th-century Bengali people]]

Hemant Dhome

2026-03-19T14:36:28Z

NydiaChiodo9: Made a pg first draft

{{short description|Indian filmmaker, screenwriter and actor (born 1986)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Hemant Dhome
| image =
| image_upright = 0.9
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|03|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|screenwriter|film director}}
| nationality =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Kshitee Jog]]|2012}}
| relatives = [[Anant Jog]] (father-in-law)
| yearsactive = 2010–present
}}

'''Hemant Dhome''' (born 21 March 1986) is an Indian filmmaker and actor known for his works in [[Marathi cinema]].

== Personal life ==
Dhome was born on 21 March 1986 in [[Pune]], to a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=M. M. W. |date=2016-02-21 |title=Hemant Dhome, Actor |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/profile/hemant-dhome-actor.php |access-date=2023-11-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> He fell in love with actress [[Kshitee Jog]] while on ''Saavdhaan Shubhamangal'' play rehearsals. The couple got married in a private ceremony on 10 December 2012 at their home in Pune.<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-07-25 |title=क्षिती आणि हेमंत यांची हटके लव्हस्टोरी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/know-about-actor-hemant-dhome-and-actress-kshitee-jog-love-story-1195449 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>

== Career ==
Dhome began his acting career in 2010 with a role in the Marathi ensemble romantic family drama film ''[[Kshanbhar Vishranti]]'', directed by [[Sachit Patil]], where he starred opposite [[Kadambari Kadam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-09 |title='क्षणभर विश्रांती' चित्रपटाला १३ वर्षे पूर्ण, हेमंत ढोमे म्हणाला "काही चित्रपट प्रदर्शनानंतरही..." {{!}} Hemant Dhome Kshanbhar Vishranti movie completed 13 Years share emotional Post About His First Movie nrp 97 |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/hemant-dhome-kshanbhar-vishranti-movie-completed-13-years-share-emotional-post-about-his-first-movie-nrp-97-3576614/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> The film was not received well at the box office but gained popularity through repeated television broadcasts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=अडसूळ |first=नीलेश |date=2023-04-09 |title=Hemant Dhome: काही चित्रपट प्रदर्शनानंतर टीव्हीवर आल्यावर हीट होतात.. अखेर हेमंत ढोमे बोललाच.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/hemant-dhome-shared-post-about-his-first-movie-as-a-writer-kshanbhar-vishranti-completed-13-years-nsa95 |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Marathi News Esakal |language=Mr}}</ref> After a gap of a year, in 2012, he played the lead opposite [[Anusha Dandekar|Anushka Dandekar]] in the drama ''Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-21 |title=Happy Birthday Hemant Dhome: A look at the best Marathi movies of the actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/happy-birthday-hemant-dhome-a-look-at-the-best-marathi-movies-of-the-actor/articleshow/74724100.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Siddharth and Hemant's common addiction |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/siddharth-and-hemants-common-addiction/articleshow/44837190.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> While the film had a patriotic theme, ''[[The Times of India]]'' review was critical of Dhome's performance.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/jai-jai-maharashtra-majha/movie-review/13930060.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> That same year, he began his journey as a writer with [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]'s romantic musical ''Satrangi Re'', marking his first major contribution off-screen.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-10 |title=Marathi actors who turned writers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/milind-gunaji-kamasutra-3d-bhatkanti-hawai-mulukhgiri-girish-kulkarni-deool-valu-masala-pune-52-chinmay-mandlekar-asambhav-morya-zenda-tu-tithe-mee-sonali-kulkarni-the-good-road-oscars-so-kool-hemant-dhome-jai-jai-maharashtra-maza-satrangi-re-gholat-ghol/articleshow/32239436.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The following year he played a brief role in ''Mangalashtak Once More'', a romantic drama that explored the intricacies of married life.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |date=2013-11-24 |title=Mangalashtak Once More (2013) Review Marathi Movie, Critic Rating |url=https://marathistars.com/reviews/review-mangalashtak-once-more-2013/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2014, he featured in two comedy films—''Hututu'' and ''[[Aandhali Koshimbir]]''. In Kanchan Adhikari's ''Hututu'', he portrayed a carefree, irresponsible youth who prioritized pleasure over responsibility, often clashing with his father's values and resisting the idea of sacrificing his freedom for family happiness.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-05 |title=Hu Tu Tu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/previews/hu-tu-tu-kanchan-adhikari-harshwardhan-bhoir-anand-raj-anand-jitendra-joshi-neha-pendse-manasi-naik-hemant-dhome-ashok-saraf-varsha-usgaonkar-kanchan-adhikari/articleshow/36108659.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=EDITORIAL Staff |date=2014-01-23 |title=Kanchan Adhikari directing a comedy Movie 'Hu Tu Tu' |url=https://marathistars.com/news/kanchan-adhikari-directing-comedy-movie-hu-tu-tu/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Aandhali Koshimbir'', which revolved around the generational gap between parents and children, was critically acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-13 |title=Aandhali Koshimbir (Marathi)/Comedy at its best |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/aandhali-koshimbir-marathicomedy-at-its-best/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> ''The Times of India'' reviewer praised Dhome's performance, noting that "Hemant delivers punch lines with ease."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Andhali Koshimbir Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/andhali-koshimbir/movie-review/35786919.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Dhome took on a negative role in 2025 romantic comedy ''[[Online Binline]]'', a love triangle featuring [[Siddharth Chandekar]] and Rutuja Shinde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Binline trailer: This refreshing Marathi film explores an online love triangle {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/online-binline-trailer-this-refreshing-marathi-film-explores-an-online-love-triangle-421342/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> The film explored the dynamics of modern relationships and digital romance, focusing on how two friends fall for the same girl through online interactions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hattangadi |first=Sandeep |date=2015-05-27 |title=Debutant 'Rutuja Shinde' speaks about her debut film'Online Binline'! |url=https://marathistars.com/interviews/debutant-rutuja-shinde-speaks-about-her-debut-filmonline-binline/ |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirke |first=Ullhas |date=2015-07-03 |title=Entertaining 'Online Binline' is a timely film with a message |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/entertaining-online-binline-is-a-timely-film-with-a-message.php |access-date=2025-04-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mihir Bhanage of ''The Times of India'' wrote, "Dhome finally gets a role that not just gives him scope to display his comic timing (which, he does remarkably well) but also gives him the opportunity to show his acting acumen."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Online Binline Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/online-binline/movie-review/47934201.cms |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Denotes Upcoming films}}
| Denotes Upcoming films
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" width=65 |Actor
! scope="col" width=65 |Director
! scope="col" width=65 |Writer
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2010
! scope="row" | ''[[Kshanbhar Vishranti]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Abhijeet
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
! scope="row" | ''Jai Jai Maharashtra Majha''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Vishal Singh Mohite
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''Satrangi Re''
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Satrangi ReU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/satrangi-re/movieshow/61239984.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
! scope="row" | ''Mangalashtak Once More''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mangalashtak Once More Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/mangalashtak-once-more/movie-review/26255334.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
! scope="row" | ''Hututu''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Aishwarya
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hu Tu Tu Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/hu-tu-tu-hemant-dhome-jitendra-joshi-kanchan-adhikari-ashok-saraf-neha-pendse-manasi-naik/movie-review/36196828.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aandhali Koshimbir]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Vashya
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shirke |first=Ullhas |date=2014-05-30 |title='Aandhali Koshimbir' offers Sitcom, with a variety |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/review/aandhali-koshimbir-review.php |access-date=2023-11-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
! scope="row" | ''[[Kaay Raav Tumhi]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Chaitanya
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kaay Raav Tumhi Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/Kaay-Raav-Tumhi/movie-review/46803622.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Online Binline]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Idya
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Hemant is Siddharth's saviour |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Hemant-is-Siddharths-saviour/articleshow/45571139.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
! scope="row" | ''[[Poshter Girl|Poster Girl]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| Suraj
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Poshter Girl Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/poshter-girl-review-marathi/movie-review/50962484.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Fuddu]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|
| Hindi film
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
! scope="row" | ''[[Baghtos Kay Mujra Kar]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| Samsher Patil
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-08 |title='बघतोस काय मुजरा कर'च्या ट्रेलरचं सिंहगडावर लोकार्पण |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/baghtos-kay-mujra-kar-movies-trailer-launch-at-sinhgadh-1379299/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Fugay]]''
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fugay Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/fugay/movie-review/57083758.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Bus Stop (2017 film)|Bus Stop]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Keshav
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bus Stop Movie Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/bus-stop/movie-review/59710500.cms |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=EDITORIAL Staff |date=2019-08-06 |title=Hemant Dhome Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2 Interview |url=https://marathistars.com/interviews/hemant-dhome-ye-re-ye-re-paisa-2-interview-theres-no-formula-for-a-successful-marathi-film/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Hirkani]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Shahir
|
|
|-
| 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Choricha Mamla]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Amarjit Patil
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Choricha Mamla': Director Hemant Dhome To Star In This Upcoming Marathi Comedy With Jitendra Joshi And Amruta Khanvilkar {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/-choricha-mamla-director-hemant-dhome-to-star-in-this-upcoming-marathi-comedy-with-jitendra-joshi-and-amruta-khanvilkar/5e005f35d996471ad814d497 |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
! scope="row" | ''[[Jhimma]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| Nikhil
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-04 |title=Hemant Dhome confirms Jhimma's theatrical release |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/hemant-dhome-confirms-jhimmas-theatrical-release/articleshow/79046061.cms |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Sunny (2022 film)|Sunny]]''
| {{no}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=Hemant Dhome's Next Film Sunny Takes Large Chunks from His Personal Diary {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/hemant-dhomes-next-film-sunny-takes-large-chunks-from-his-personal-diary-exclusive-6135535.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2023
! scope="row" | ''[[Satarcha Salman]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=For This Satarcha Salman Song, Director Hemant Dhome Painted The Kenjal Village |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/for-this-satarcha-salman-song-director-hemant-dhome-painted-the-kenjal-village-7194913.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Phakaat]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Saleem
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bodke |first=Chetan |date=2023-04-16 |title=Fakat Film Lead Actors: 'फकाट'मध्ये दिसणार युवा कलाकारांची दमदार फळी; पोस्टर पाहून चित्रपटाची उत्सुकता शिगेला |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/marathi-film-phakaat-marathi-movie-poster-cast-release-date-hemant-dhome-rasika-sunil-avinash-narkar-cb99 |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Saam TV Marathi News {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Date Bhet]]''
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| Rohan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-06 |title='Date Bhet': Sonalee Kulkarni and Hemant Dhome starrer is all set to hit screens on February 24, 2023 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/date-bhet-sonalee-kulkarni-and-hemant-dhome-starrer-is-all-set-to-hit-screens-on-february-24-2023/articleshow/96760085.cms |access-date=2023-11-28 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jhimma 2]]''
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-24 |title='Jhimma 2': Hemant Dhome announces the sequel; teaser out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jhimma-2-hemant-dhome-announces-the-sequel-teaser-out/articleshow/97273795.cms |access-date=2023-11-29 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
! scope="row" |''[[Fussclass Dabhade]]''
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=FussClass Dabhade Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} फसक्लास {{!}} FirstClass Dabhade {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/fussclass-dabhade-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=6 September 2024 |date=6 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
! scope="row" |''[[Krantijyoti Vidyalay Marathi Madhyam]]''
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pande |first=Shreyas |date=2025-12-31 |title=Hemant Dhome interview: On ‘Krantijyoti Vidyalay’ and reinvigorating Marathi cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jhimma-director-hemant-dhome-on-krantijyoti-vidyalay-marathi-cinema/article70456114.ece |access-date=2025-12-31 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2020
! scope="row" | ''[[Chandra Aahe Sakshila]]''
| Nanna
| [[Colors Marathi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-05 |title='चंद्र आहे साक्षीला' नवीन मालिका रसिकांच्या भेटीला, या कलाकारांच्या आहेत भूमिका |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/chandra-aahe-sakshila-serial-starting-soon-a591/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

=== Theatre ===

* ''Nava Gadee Nave Rajya''
* ''Saavdhaan Shubhamangal''

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Nominated work
! Category
! Result
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|[[3rd Filmfare Awards Marathi|2017]]
|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
| ''[[Poshter Girl]]''
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Story – Marathi|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the Jio Filmfare Awards Marathi 2017 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-jio-filmfare-award-marathi-2017_-24704.html |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|''[[Baghtos Kay Mujra Kar]]''
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Villain|Favourite Villain]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-18 |title=झी टॉकीज प्रस्तुत महाराष्ट्राचा फेव्हरेट कोण? २०१७ चा दिमाखदार पुरस्कार सोहळा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2017/407192 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=24taas.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2]]''
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2019 TV Serial 12th January 2020 Full Episode 1 Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2019/0-6-2350/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2019-january-12-2020/0-1-manual_7g9k22qqjcg0 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Talkies|Zee Talkies Comedy Awards]]
|''[[Choricha Mamla]]''
|Best Supporting Actor
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Updated |first=CineBuster Online {{!}} |date=2020-11-01 |title='Choricha Mamla' wins big at the Zee Talkies Comedy Awards {{!}} Latest News, Breaking News, National News, World News, India News, Bollywood News, Business News, Politics News, Sports News, Entertainment News – CineBuster |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/choricha-mamla-wins-big-at-the-zee-talkies-comedy-awards/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|City Cine Awards
| rowspan="3" |''[[Jhimma]]''
|Best Director
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Cine Awards Winners 2022–2023 {{!}} Radio City |url=https://stageorigin.radiocity.in/ccamarathi |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Radiocity}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[6th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2022]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Marathi 2021 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2021/nominations |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story – Marathi|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|''[[Choricha Mamla]]''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| rowspan="2" |Majja Digital Awards
| rowspan="2" |''[[Jhimma]]''
|Outstanding Director
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|Outstanding Writer
| {{won}}
|-
|[[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2023]]
|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|''[[Sunny (2022 film)|Sunny]]''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story – Marathi|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2022/nominations |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[14th MFK Awards|2024]]
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
| rowspan="3" |''[[Jhimma 2]]''
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: यंदा कोण ठरणार 'महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट'? प्रेक्षकांना देता येणार आपला कौल! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2023-nominations-declare-know-how-to-vote-details-here-141704513069894.html |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[8th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2024]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi|Best Director]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the RR Kabel Filmfare Awards Marathi 2024: Full list out {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-rr-kabel-filmfare-awards-marathi-2024-full-list-out-65357.html |access-date=2025-04-13 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story – Marathi|Best Story]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[60th Maharashtra State Film Awards|2025]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|''[[Sunny (2022 film)|Sunny]]''
|Best Social Film Director
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=६० व्या राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कारासाठी नामांकने जाहीर |url=https://www.mahamtb.com/Encyc/2025/1/28/nominations-announced-for-60th-state-marathi-film-awards.html |access-date=2025-08-07 |website=www.mahamtb.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4852977}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhome, Hemant}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Pune]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actors]]
[[Category:Marathi screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Male actors from Maharashtra]]

Prasad (name)

2026-03-16T05:38:16Z

NydiaChiodo9: New!

'''Prasad''' is an [[Indian name]], used both as a personal and family name.

==Geographical distribution==
As of 2014, 95.9% of all known bearers of the surname ''Prasad'' were residents of [[India]], 0.8% were residents of [[Nepal]] and 0.7% were residents of [[Fiji]]. In India, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average in the following [[States and union territories of India|states and union territories]]:<ref name="prasad2014">[http://forebears.co.uk/surnames/prasad#surnames Prasad Surname Distribution]</ref>
* 1. [[Bihar]] (1: 71)
* 2. [[Uttarakhand]] (1: 103)
* 3. [[Sikkim]] (1: 147)
* 4. [[Uttar Pradesh]] (1: 162)
* 5. [[Delhi]] (1: 196)

==Notable people with the last name Prasad==

===Scientists===
*[[Ananda Prasad]] (born 1928), biochemist specialising in Zinc metabolism
*[[Ganesh Prasad]] (1876–1935), Indian mathematician
*[[Kavirayani Ramakrishna Prasad]] (born 1969), Indian chemist, recipient of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize (2014)
*[[Malur R. Narasimha Prasad]] (1923–1987), Indian endocrinologist at the World Health Organisation
*[[Vinay Prasad]] (born 1982), American hematologist-oncologist

===Politicians===
*[[Badri Nath Prasad]] (1899–1966), Indian politician member of Rajya Sabha (1964–1966)
*[[Biman Prasad]], [[Indo-Fijian]] politician
*[[Brij Behari Prasad]], murdered minister in the government of Bihar, India
*[[H. S. Mahadeva Prasad]] (1958–2017), Indian politician
*[[Jitin Prasada]] (born 1973), Indian politician from the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
*[[Jitendra Prasada]] (1938–2001), Indian politician and a former Vice-President of the Indian National Congress
*[[Mahaveer Prasad]] (1939–2010), Indian politician, Governor of Himachal Pradesh (1995, 1996–1997), member of Lok Sabha (from 2004)
*[[Rajen Prasad]], [[Indo-Fijian]] politician in New Zealand
*[[Rajendra Prasad]] (1884–1963), first President of the Republic of India
*[[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] (born 1954), Indian lawyer, politician, Minister of Law and Justice, Minister of Electronics and Information Technology, and Minister of Communications
*[[Srinivasa Prasad]] (1947–2024), Indian politician
*[[Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad]], Indian writer and politician, Chairman of the A.P. Hindi Academy, member of Rajya Sabha (1996–2002)

===Performers===
*[[L. V. Prasad]] (1908–1994), Indian film actor, producer and director
*[[Narendra Prasad]] (1946–2003), Indian actor, playwright, director, teacher and literary critic
*[[Nutan Prasad]] (1945–2011), Indian film actor
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)]] (born 1954), Telugu Indian film actor
*[[Shweta Basu Prasad]], Indian actress

===Film production===
*[[Akkineni Ramesh Prasad|Ramesh Prasad]], Chairman of [[Prasad Studios]]
*[[A. Sreekar Prasad|Sreekar Prasad]] (born 1963), Indian film editor
*[[Devi Sri Prasad]] (born 1979), Indian music composer, lyricist, singer, and director
*[[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] (born 1942), Indian film screenwriter and director

===Sportspeople===
*[[M. S. K. Prasad]] (born 1975), Indian cricketer, chief selector of the Indian National Cricket Team
*[[Venkatesh Prasad]] (born 1969), Indian cricketer

===Historians===
*[[Ishwari Prasad]] (1888–1986), Indian historian
*[[Vijay Prashad]], Indian historian and journalist

===Others===
*[[Brajkishore Prasad]] (1877–1946), lawyer, Indian independence activist
*[[Eswar Prasad]], American economist
*[[H. Y. Sharada Prasad]] (1924–2008), Indian civil servant, journalist and writer, media adviser to Indira Gandhi
*[[Jaishankar Prasad]] (1890–1937), noted Hindi writer
*[[R Prasad]] (born 1966), Indian cartoonist

==Notable people with the middle name Prasad==
*[[Amod Prasad Upadhyay]] (born 1936), Nepali politician
*[[Ananta Prasad Paudel]] (born 1962), Nepali politician
*[[Bidur Prasad Sapkota]], Nepali politician
*[[Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala]] (1914–1982), former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Dilendra Prasad Badu]], Nepali politician
*[[Durga Prasad Bhattarai]], Nepali representative
*[[Girija Prasad Joshi]] (1939–1987), Nepali poet
*[[Girija Prasad Koirala]] (1924–2010), former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Gopal Prasad Rimal]] (1918–1973), Nepali poet
*[[Govind Prasad Lohani]], Nepali politician
*[[Guru Prasad Mainali]], Nepali storywriter
*[[Hora Prasad Joshi]] (1925–2010), Nepali Justice
*[[Kali Prasad Baskota]] (born 1979), Nepali singer
*[[Keshab Prasad Badal]] (born 1948), Nepali politician
*[[Keshav Prasad Mainali]], Nepali politician
*[[Khadga Prasad Oli]] (born 1952), Former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Krishna Prasad Bhattarai]] (1924–2011), Former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Krishna Prasad Koirala]], Nepali politician
*[[Kul Prasad Nepal]], Nepali politician
*[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] (born 1948), Indian politician
*[[Laxmi Prasad Devkota]] (1909–1959), Nepali Poet; titled Maha Kavi
*[[Madhav Prasad Ghimire]] (1919–2020), Nepali Poet; titled Rastra Kavi
*[[Man Prasad Khatri]] (born 1963), Nepali politician
*[[Mata Prasad]], Indian Administrative Service officer
*[[Matrika Prasad Koirala]] (1912–1997), former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Nagendra Prasad Rijal]] (1927–1994), former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Nanda Prasad Adhikari]], Nepali
*[[Narayan Prasad Adhikari]], Nepali politician
*[[Rabindra Prasad Adhikari]] (1969–2019), Nepali politician
*[[Ram Raja Prasad Singh]] (1936–2012), Nepali politician
*[[Rameshwor Prasad Dhungel]], Nepali politician
*[[Subash Khakurel|Subash Prasad Khakurel]] (born 1993), Nepali national cricketer
*[[Tanka Prasad Acharya]] (1912–1992), former Prime Minister of Nepal
*[[Tarini Prasad Koirala]] (1923–1973), Nepali politician
*[[Thakur Prasad Mainali]] (born 1934), Nepali artist
*[[Vinaya Prasad]] (born ''Vinaya Bhat''), South Indian film and television actress
*[[Yadav Pant|Yadav Prasad Pant]] (1928–2007), Nepali economist

==Notable people with the given name Prasad==
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] (1958–2015), Indian character actor
* [[Dhammika Prasad]] (born 1983), Sri Lankan cricketer
* [[Devendra Prasad Gupta]], Indian academician and a former vice chancellor of Ranchi University
* [[Prasad Babu]], South Indian film actor
* [[Prasad Barve]], Indian television actor
* [[Prasad Bidapa]], fashion designer specialised in training models for the Miss India beauty pageants
* [[Prasad Dias]] (born 1977), Sri Lankan cricketer
* [[Prasad Murella]], Indian film cinematographer
* [[Abhinav Bharat|Prasad Shrikant Purohit]], Indian army officer
* [[Samta Prasad]] (1921–1994), Indian classical musician, tabla player

==See also==
*[[Persaud]]
*[[Prasad (disambiguation)]]
*[[Prasada Rao (disambiguation)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{given name|type=both}}
[[Category:Indian given names]]
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

Andrew Lee (entrepreneur)

2026-03-15T17:03:13Z

NydiaChiodo9: slightly expanded page based on references additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|American entrepreneur}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Andrew S. Lee
| image = AndrewLee 5207 03.jpg
| birth_place = [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]], United States
| spouse = Nana Lee (maiden name unknown)
| house = [[House of Yi|Yi]]
| father = Jay Lee (born in [[Jeonju]])
| signature = File:Andrew Lee (Latin) signature.svg
| caption = Lee in 2011
| succession = Head of the [[House of Yi]] (disputed)
| reign = 2021 or 2022{{efn|According to archives of Yi Seok's website, he [[abdicated]] to Andrew Lee some time between the 9th of December 2021 and the 17th of January 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-17 |title=Imperial Family of Korea |url=https://imperialfamily.kr/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117050015/https://imperialfamily.kr/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2022-01-17 |access-date=2025-02-20 }}</ref>}} – present
| succession2 = Sovereign{{efn|Andrew Lee, unlike his predecessor, does not style himself as an emperor, but rather as a king. This is despite the use of the term "Joseon Empire",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Code Of National Governance |url=https://www.joseon.com/l/en-US/about/code-of-national-governance |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Joseon |language=en}}</ref> a historiographically incorrect term which should have been either the [[Joseon|Kingdom of Joseon]] or [[Korean Empire]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medieval and Early Modern History |url=https://www.museum.go.kr/ENG/ |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=Korean Empire |language=en}}</ref> }} of the {{Infobox website
|embed=yes
| name = [[Joseon Cybernation]]
| url = {{URL|https://www.joseon.com}} (English) {{URL|https://joseon.cloud}} (Korean)
}}
| reign2 = 2023 – present
| predecessor = [[Yi Seok]]
| module = {{Listen voice|embed=yes|filename=AndrewLee_2mins.ogg
|title=Andrew Lee's voice
|type=speech
|description= Andrew Lee talking about [[Mt. Gox]] Live
|recorded = 10 August 2011
}}
}}

'''Andrew S.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2026-02-28|date=2013-10-02 |title=Notice of change of registered office or registered agent |url=https://bsd.sos.in.gov/PublicBusinessSearch/GetBOSFilingDocuments?FilingNo=4679929&BusinessID=829286 |publisher=Indiana Government}}</ref> Lee''' (born December 1983)<ref name="CompaniesHouse2017">{{Cite web|title=Appointment of Director|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10308021/filing-history/MzE3MzI2MDg2NWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0|access-date=2021-05-20|date=2017-04-11|publisher=[[Companies House]]}}</ref> is an American entrepreneur and the founder of the [[VPN]] service [[Private Internet Access]], which started in 2010. Lee has been the self-proclaimed King of the non-territorial [[Joseon Cybernation]], [[Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda|recognized]] by [[Antigua and Barbuda]] as the [[successor state]] to [[Joseon]] and the [[Korean Empire]] in 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseon |url=https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf |access-date=2024-08-25 |website= GOVERNMENT OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209185244/https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jordan">{{Cite web |last=jordan |date=2023-07-08 |title=Antigua and Barbuda Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Cyberstate |url=https://antiguanewsroom.com/antigua-and-barbuda-establishes-diplomatic-relations-with-cyberstate/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Antigua News Room |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Experimenting with all forms of our sovereignty': Hurst likens Joseon deal to CIP |url=https://antiguaobserver.com/experimenting-with-all-forms-of-our-sovereignty-hurst-likens-joseon-deal-to-cip/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Antigua Observer Newspaper |language=en-GB}}</ref>, and he is, in media, known as "Crown Prince of [[South Korea|Korea]]" after being adopted by [[Yi Seok]], a grandson of Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]].

==Early life and education==
Andrew Lee was born in Indianapolis and raised in [[Carmel, Indiana|Carmel]], a city in the Indianapolis metro area.<ref name="Warren2020">{{cite news|last=Warren|first=Katie|date=2020-12-14|title=A South Korean royal couple just dropped $12.6 million on a sprawling southern California estate. Take a look at the lavish 20-acre property.|work=[[Business Insider]]|publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]]|url=https://www.insider.com/south-korean-royals-california-mansion-photos-2020-12|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210519153322/https://www.insider.com/south-korean-royals-california-mansion-photos-2020-12|archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref name="Tai2018">{{cite news|last=Tai|first=Crystal|date=2018-12-02|title=This is no K-drama: the fresh prince of South Korea is real royalty, and he's American|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|publisher=[[Alibaba Group]]|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/2175439/no-k-drama-fresh-prince-south-korea-real-royalty-and-hes-american|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326052950/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/2175439/no-k-drama-fresh-prince-south-korea-real-royalty-and-hes-american|archive-date=2021-03-26}}</ref> He is the son of Jay Lee, a South Korean immigrant that was born in [[Jeonju]].<ref>{{Cite press release |last=Korea |first=The Imperial Family of |title=Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/andrew-lee-named-new-korean-crown-prince-300731986.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew Lee Named New Korean Crown Prince |url=https://www.streetinsider.com/Press+Releases/Andrew+Lee+Named+New+Korean+Crown+Prince/14710075.html |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=StreetInsider.com |language=en}}</ref> According to a soj.ooO comment Andrew Lee made, his parents "had nearly nothing when they came to the United States" and made sacrifices for him and his brother.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comment on Joseon is absolute pacifism. by dangun |url=https://soj.ooo/p/joseon/post/f69d77123f534aa1124d3ae3baf8283a/comment/122176 |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=soj.ooO |language=en}}</ref> He enrolled in [[Purdue University]] and transferred to the [[University at Buffalo]], but later dropped out to start working.<ref name="Tai2018" />

==Career==
{{see also|Freenode#Ownership change and conflict}}

In 2009, Lee founded [[London Trust Media]] (LTM), a private holdings company. In 2010, he founded [[Private Internet Access]] (PIA), a [[virtual private network]] service for anonymizing Internet traffic.<ref name="Eha2017">{{cite book|last=Eha|first=Brian Patrick|date=2017-04-06|publisher=[[Simon and Schuster]]|chapter=The Gray Hat|isbn=9781780746593|title=How Money Got Free: Bitcoin and the Fight for the Future of Finance}}</ref> He claimed to have started PIA because of his interest in [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC), whose users' [[IP address]]es could be easily revealed, but only after the [[Freenode]] purchase.<ref name="Searls2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/fight-control-andrew-lee-open-sourcing-pia|title=The Fight for Control: Andrew Lee on Open-Sourcing PIA|last=Searls|first=Doc|date=2018-05-30|website=[[Linux Journal]]|publisher=Linux Journal, LLC|archive-date=2021-05-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085651/https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/fight-control-andrew-lee-open-sourcing-pia|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref> Lee and co-owner Steve DeProspero sold LTM (and its subsidiary PIA) to Israeli company [[Kape Technologies]] for US$95.5 million in November 2019.<ref name="FT2019">{{cite web|url=https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-14313024-5DUR5O5ID0FMAGA88BVMR01M86|title=Proposed acquisition of Private Internet Access|date=2019-11-19|agency=[[Regulatory News Service]]|work=[[Financial Times]]|publisher=[[Nikkei, Inc.]]|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110115809/https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1323-14313024-5DUR5O5ID0FMAGA88BVMR01M86|access-date=2021-05-19}}</ref><ref name="Globes2019">{{cite news|work=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]]|title=Teddy Sagi's Kape buying US digital privacy co LTMI|date=2019-11-19|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2021-05-28|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528134329/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-teddy-sagis-kape-buys-us-digital-privacy-co-ltmi-1001307786|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-teddy-sagis-kape-buys-us-digital-privacy-co-ltmi-1001307786}}</ref> Lee co-founded Mt. Gox Live, a [[bitcoin]] price tracker that was later acquired by the now-defunct [[bitcoin exchange]] [[Mt. Gox]].<ref name="Gnome2013">{{cite web|title=Interview with Andrew Lee of Private Internet Access|publisher=[[GNOME Foundation]]|date=2013-09-23|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|url=https://foundation.gnome.org/2013/09/23/interview-with-andrew-lee-of-private-internet-access/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519175310/https://foundation.gnome.org/2013/09/23/interview-with-andrew-lee-of-private-internet-access/|archive-date=2021-05-19}}</ref>

In 2017, Christel Dahlskjaer, then the head of staff at [[Freenode]], incorporated and transferred ownership of Freenode Limited to Lee;<ref>{{Cite web|title=PIA and freenode joining forces - freenode|url=https://freenode.net/news/pia-fn|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520054257/https://freenode.net/news/pia-fn|archive-date=20 May 2021|access-date=23 November 2019|website=freenode.net}}</ref> Dahlskjaer and Lee said the company was solely for funding the network and running the Freenode #live conferences.<ref name="vice">{{Cite web|last=Franceschi-Bicchierai|first=Lorenzo|date=19 May 2021|title=Developers Flee Open Source Project After 'Takeover' By Korean Crown Prince|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/freenode-open-source-korea-crown-prince-takeover/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519190257/https://www.vice.com/en/article/m7ev8y/freenode-open-source-korea-crown-prince-takeover|archive-date=19 May 2021|access-date=19 May 2021|website=[[Vice (website)|Vice]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="hackaday20212">{{Cite news|last=Nardi|first=Tom|date=19 May 2021|title=Freenode debacle prompts staff exodus, new network|work=[[Hackaday]]|url=https://hackaday.com/2021/05/20/freenode-debacle-prompts-staff-exodus-new-network/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520140204/https://hackaday.com/2021/05/20/freenode-debacle-prompts-staff-exodus-new-network/|archive-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> According to staff, they were not informed of the contents of the deal and were told that it would not affect Freenode's day-to-day operations, as the company only managed the conference and nothing else.<ref name="hackaday20212" /><ref name="register2021">{{Cite news|date=19 May 2021|title=Freenode IRC staff resign en masse, unhappy about new management|work=[[The Register]]|url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/19/freenode_staff_resigns/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521043242/https://www.theregister.com/2021/05/19/freenode_staff_resigns/|archive-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> A dispute over changes Lee imposed in 2021 resulted in all of Freenode's 20 to 30 staff members resigning.<ref name="vice" /><ref name="hackaday20212" /> This team went on to form a new network called [[Libera Chat]].<ref name="vice" />

In present day, Lee's holding company, Imperial Family Companies, continues to own [[freenode]], [[Legacy Fighting Alliance]],<ref name="prnewswire_lfa">{{cite web|title="LFA Joins London Trust Media Holdings Group"|publisher=PR Newswire|date=2018-05-22|access-date=2025-07-22|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lfa-joins-london-trust-media-holdings-group-300653128.html}}</ref><ref name="lfa152">{{cite web|title="LFA BRINGS INTERNATIONAL MIDDLEWEIGHT SHOWDOWN TO THE SOONER STATE AT LFA 152"|publisher=Legacy Fighting Alliance|date=2023-01-11|access-date=2025-07-22|url=https://www.lfa.com/lfa152news/
}}</ref> Chime TV<ref name="goldentv_merge">{{cite web|title=Imperial Family Companies and Society 1 Announce Historic Merger, Joining Forces of Character Media and ChimeTV to Form Golden TV, North America's Premier Asian Media Conglomerate |publisher=Business Wire|date=2024-02-08|access-date=2025-07-22|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240208851046/en/Imperial-Family-Companies-and-Society-1-Announce-Historic-Merger-Joining-Forces-of-Character-Media-and-ChimeTV-to-Form-Golden-TV-North-Americas-Premier-Asian-Media-Conglomerate
}}</ref> and others.

==Later ventures==
{{main|Joseon Cybernation}}

[[File:Antigua and Barbuda media statement on the Joseon Cybernation.pdf|thumb|Media statement from the office of [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda]] acknowledging recognition of the Joseon Cybernation.]]
According to Andrew Lee, Won Joon Lee, one of his distant relatives and grandson of a keeper of the [[House of Yi]] lineage, said that their clan was descended from Korean royalty; as the result, he was introduced to [[Yi Seok]], a grandson of Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]]. Yi Seok is known as an active pretender to the former monarchy, but he has no male offspring, and he proposed adopting Andrew Lee as his heir, which Andrew was initially reluctant.<ref name=yang>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-andrew-lee-became-the-crown-prince-of-koreaand-made-a-digital-kingdom |title=The Fresh Prince of Joseon: How a Crypto Mogul Became a Korean Royal Heir—and Formed a Digital Kingdom |first=Jeff |last=Yang |date=2024-02-03 |work=The Daily Beast |url-status=live|archive-date=2024-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215094139/https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-andrew-lee-became-the-crown-prince-of-koreaand-made-a-digital-kingdom }}</ref> Regarding Andrew Lee's ancestry, Yi Seok has only stated that he was a descendant of [[Taejo of Joseon|Yi Seong-gye]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=The Korea Daily Digital |date=2023-04-12 |title=Interview with the Emperor Gojong's direct descendant Lee Seok |url=https://www.koreadailyus.com/interview-with-the-emperor-gojongs-direct-descendant-lee-seok/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=The Korea Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> keeping said ancestry vague.{{efn|[[ETtoday]] suggests a potential blood relation via "similar facial structures between Lee and the [[Gwangmu Emperor]]",<ref>{{Cite web |last=ETtoday新聞雲 |date=2020-12-06 |title=永遠的君主！南韓「皇太孫」霸氣買下加州1260萬美元豪華泳池別墅 {{!}} ETtoday房產雲 {{!}} ETtoday新聞雲 |url=https://house.ettoday.net/news/1869557 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=house.ettoday.net |language=zh-Hant}}</ref> however it is unknown where this information surfaced from or whether if this information is correct.}} In October 2018, Seok declared Andrew the crown prince of Korea at a ceremony in [[Los Angeles]], attended by [[Premier of Bermuda|Bermuda premier]] [[Edward David Burt|David Burt]], and city officials from Los Angeles and [[Jeonju]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/tech-design/article/3124523/real-life-k-drama-how-did-andrew-lee-go-tech|title=Real life K-drama: how did Andrew Lee go from tech entrepreneur to crown prince of Korea? Before he was named 'nominal emperor' Yi Seok's successor, he founded VPN service Private Internet Access – and made millions|first=Ken|last=Mendoza|date=2021-03-08|access-date=2024-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/29/californian-techie-becomes-korean-crown-prince-fairytale-twist/|title=Californian techie becomes Korean crown prince in fairytale twist|first=Nicola|last=Smith|date=2018-12-29|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518085650/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/29/californian-techie-becomes-korean-crown-prince-fairytale-twist/}}</ref><ref name="Chung2018">{{cite news|last=Chung|first=Monica Younsoo|date=2018-10-27|title=Andrew Lee, the Prince of Korea plans launching Imperial Fund to invest for Korean small businesses|newspaper=[[Korea IT Times]]|access-date=2021-05-19|url-status=live|url=http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=86895|archive-date=2021-05-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210519193138/http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=86895}}</ref> Andrew Lee later took over Yi Seok's status as the claimant to the Joseon throne in 2022. By March 2022, Lee announced the founding of a "non-territorial successor state to the Joseon Empire", a cloud-based, blockchain-backed kingdom with himself as its ruler.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=The Royal Observer |date=2023-05-09 |title=A New Era of Royalty: Harnessing the Power of Sovereignty for Positive Change |url=https://www.theroyalobserver.com/p/new-era-royalty-harnessing-power-sovereigntyr-positive-change |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Royal Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

In June 2023, the government of [[Antigua and Barbuda]] released a statement establishing diplomatic relations with the "Joseon Cybernation".<ref name=yang /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseon |url=https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf |access-date=2024-08-25 |website= GOVERNMENT OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209185244/https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Joseon_Cybernation.pdf|archive-date=February 9, 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="jordan"/> As of July 2023, the son of Antiguan [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda|Prime Minister]] [[Gaston Browne]] served as Joseon's "Vice Minister of State".<ref name="l195">{{cite web | last=Emmanuel | first=Robert | title=The digital dynasty: Joseon PM speaks about benefits to country | website=Antigua Observer Newspaper | date=2023-07-13 | url=https://antiguaobserver.com/the-digital-dynasty-joseon-pm-speaks-about-benefits-to-country/ | access-date=2025-12-30}}</ref> It has also been reported that [[cryptocurrency]] proponents [[Roger Ver]] and [[Mark Karpelès]] received the title of "[[duke]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomlin |first=Bennett |date=2023-12-19 |title=Duke Roger Ver becomes finance minister for Joseon |url=https://protos.com/duke-roger-ver-becomes-finance-minister-for-joseon/ |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Protos |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 27 July 2025, Andrew Lee launched a new VPN service called VP.net.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Chiara Castro |date=2025-07-22 |title=Forget no-log claims – this new VPN promises its tech can never reveal your identity, even if it wanted to |url=https://www.techradar.com/vpn/vpn-services/forget-no-log-claims-this-new-vpn-promises-its-tech-can-never-reveal-your-identity-even-if-it-wanted-to |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=TechRadar |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
In 2020, Lee and his family moved to a mansion in [[Hidden Valley, Ventura County, California]].<ref name="Warren2020" /><ref name="Flemming2020">{{cite news|last=Flemming|first=Jack|date=2020-12-01|title=South Korean royals shell out $12.6 million for a Thousand Oaks palace|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=live|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/real-estate/story/2020-12-01/south-korean-royals-buy-thousand-oaks-home-12-6-million|access-date=2021-05-19|archive-date=2021-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217123136/https://www.latimes.com/business/real-estate/story/2020-12-01/south-korean-royals-buy-thousand-oaks-home-12-6-million}}</ref>

In the afternoon of 18 November 2022, [[J-Money (rapper)|J-Money]], driving a [[Rolls-Royce Phantom (seventh generation)|Rolls-Royce Phantom]] registered to Andrew Lee, was shot and robbed by 2 men in [[Koreatown, Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allah |first=Sha Be |date=2022-11-21 |title=The Source {{!}}ATL Rapper J Money Shot And Robbed While In Korean Prince's Rolls Royce |url=https://thesource.com/2022/11/21/atl-rapper-j-money-shot-and-robbed-while-in-korean-princes-rolls-royce/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The Source |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nevares |first=Gabriel Bras |date=2022-11-20 |title=J Money Shot And Robbed In Korean Prince's Rolls-Royce |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/451871-j-money-shot-and-robbed-in-korean-princes-rolls-royce |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-22 |title=앤드루 이, 총격 피해 래퍼와 음원 발매 |url=https://news.koreadaily.com/2022/11/21/society/generalsociety/20221121202212393.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Koreadaily - 미주중앙일보 |language=ko}}</ref> As of February 2023, the perpetrators have not been identified.<ref>{{cite news |title=Man shot and robbed of Rolex, jewelry near Koreatown; victim's Rolls-Royce linked to Korean prince |url=https://abc7.com/koreatown-shooting-rolex-robbery-jewelry-theft/12470625/ |access-date=November 19, 2022 |work=[[KABC-TV|ABC7]] |date=November 19, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Andrew Lee, under the rapper name KingLee,<ref name=yang /> has collaborated with J-Money on multiple occasions, including an appearance on J-Money's album titled "Dun It All".<ref>{{Cite web |last=bawintern1 |date=2025-07-07 |title=MFT: J Money Recalls Meeting His "Korean Twin" Andrew Lee |url=https://blackamericaweb.com/2025/07/07/j-money-my-first-time-meeting-andrew-lee-korea-prince/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Black America Web |language=en-US}}</ref>

As of 2026, Lee identifies as [[Christian]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=dangun |url=https://soj.ooo/u/dangun |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=soj.ooO |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Yi]]|December|1983|}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Yi Seok]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Emperor of Korea]]|years=2021/2022 - present|reason=[[Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty|Empire abolished in 1910]]}}
{{S-non|reason=No designated heir}}
{{s-culture}}
{{s-break}}
{{S-non|reason=Title created}}
{{s-ttl|title=Ruler of the [[Joseon]] Cybernation|years=2023 - present}}
{{S-non|reason=No designated heir}}
{{s-end}}
{{House of Yi}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Andrew}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American people of Korean descent]]
[[Category:Bitcoin]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Indiana]]
[[Category:Pretenders to the Korean throne]]
[[Category:Internet privacy]]
[[Category:Purdue University alumni]]
[[Category:Joseon Cybernation politicians]]

Ima Market

2026-03-15T09:39:35Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{redirect|Mothers' Market|the grocery store chain in Southern California|Mother%27s Market %26 Kitchen}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox retail market
| retail_market_name = Ima Market
| image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Imphal, Manipur (62).jpeg
| photo2a = Imphal, Manipur (84).jpeg
| photo2b = Ima Market, imphal.jpeg
| photo3a = Manipuri woman selling glutinous rice at Eema Bazaar, Imphal, Manipur.JPG
| size = 280
| spacing = 1
| position = centre
| border = 0
| color = white
}}
| image_width =
| caption = Different scenes of the Ima Market
| location = [[Imphal]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.808|93.935|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe_zoom = 13
| address = ? Street, Imphal, [[Imphal West district]], Manipur, 795001
| opening_date =
| closing_date =
| developer = Municipal Administration, Housing and Urban Development (MAHUD)
| manager = Ima Keithel Union
| owner = [[Government of Manipur]]
| architect =
| environment_type =
| goods_sold =
| normal_market_days =
| number_of_tenants = ~5000 women<ref>{{cite web | last=Desk | first=India Today Information | title=Manipur's Ima Keithel: The largest women-run market in the world with 5,000 stalls | website=India Today | date=2024-09-11 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/manipurs-ima-keithel-the-largest-women-run-market-in-the-world-2597656-2024-09-11 | access-date=2026-03-15}}</ref>
| floor_area =
| parking =
| website =
| belowstyle =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Ima Market''' ({{langx|mni|Ima Keithel}}; literally, Mothers' Market), also known as the '''Nupi Keithel''' ({{langx|en|Women's Market}}) or the '''Khwairamband Keithel''' ({{langx|en|Khwairamband Market}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ypgDwAAQBAJ&q=ima+keithel+markets+khwairamband+three&pg=PA248|title=Development and Disaster Management: A Study of the Northeastern States of India|last1=Singh|first1=Amita|last2=Punia|first2=Milap|last3=Haran|first3=Nivedita P.|last4=Singh|first4=Thiyam Bharat|date=15 June 2018|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-8485-0|language=en}}</ref>), is a women-only market in the middle of [[Imphal]] in the Indian state of [[Manipur]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=India's Mother's Market run by women|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952|access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=4 January 2016|title=Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur-s-historic-women-s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306|access-date=24 September 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>–{{Cite news |title=India's Mother's Market run by women |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952}} –{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Om |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eENU_a8c79MC&q=ima+keithel+market+khwairamband+only+women+world&pg=PA974 |title=Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh |date=2006 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8205-389-2 |language=en |quote='Ima Keithel' at Khwairamband Bazar is the only market in the world where, as the name suggests, all the stalls are run by women.}} –{{Cite book |last=Shivhare |first=Vishal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjzcDAAAQBAJ&q=ima+market+nupi+keithel+only+women+world&pg=PT37 |title=Vyapar Shastra |date=17 August 2016 |publisher=Jaico Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8495-898-0 |language=en |quote=Ima Keithel Market, Imphal, Manipur Ima market or Nupi Keithel, in Imphal, Manipur, is the only all-women marketplace in the world.}} –{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Dr Th Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&q=ima+keithel+market+only+women+world&pg=PA4 |title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India |date=2 June 2014 |publisher=Quills Ink |isbn=978-93-84318-00-0 |language=en |quote=The world famous Ima Keithel, the only unique women ́s market in the world, situated at the heart of the capital : It was established in 1636 AD by king Khagemba as a part of his ...}} –{{Cite web |date=4 January 2016 |title=Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur-s-historic-women-s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306 |website=The News Minute |language=en}} –{{Cite book |last=Sahu (IAS) |first=Barun Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8W-DwAAQBAJ&q=ima+keithel+market+women+exclusively&pg=PP123 |title=AN INQUIRY INTO VIGILANCE AND CORRUPTION |date=1 January 2020 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5322-856-9 |language=en}} –{{Cite book |last1=Patra |first1=Jayanta Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1mnDwAAQBAJ&q=ima+keithel+market+exclusively+run+women&pg=PT108 |title=Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants |last2=Das |first2=Gitishree |last3=Kumar |first3=Sanjeet |last4=Thatoi |first4=Hrudayanath |date=5 August 2019 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-67537-9 |language=en |quote=The Ima market or Ima keithel is a unique marketplace exclusively run by women.}} –{{Cite book |last=Deshpande |first=Abhijeet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lblDDwAAQBAJ&q=ima+keithel++all+vendors+women&pg=PT100 |title=Backpacking North East India: A Curious Journey |date=19 December 2017 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-946556-80-6 |language=en}}</ref> The market hosts around 5,000–6,000 women [[vendor]]s who sell a variety of products,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredible-india-v2/en/destinations/imphal/ima-keithel--ima-market--khwairamband-bazar.html|title=Incredible India {{!}} Ima Keithel/ Ima Market/ Khwairamband Bazar|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Incredible India]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://scroll.in/article/801410/the-earthquake-has-damaged-a-nerve-centre-of-life-in-manipur-the-ima-keithel-or-mothers-market|title=The earthquake has damaged a nerve centre of life in Manipur: the Ima Keithel or Mother's Market|last=Chakravarty|first=Ipsita|date=6 January 2016|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> such as vegetables, fruits, textiles, toys, fish, spices and utensils.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/ima-keithel-asias-largest-all-womens-market/|title=Ima Keithel: Asia's Largest All Women's Market|last=Binayak|first=Poonam|date=5 January 2018|website=Culture Trip|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is the largest all–women market in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/3-storey-market-building-coming-up-at-pureiromba-keithel-in-imphal.html|title=3-storey market building coming up at Pureiromba Keithel in Imphal|last=|first=|date=30 December 2019|website=Northeast Now|language=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> and a popular tourist attraction in the state of [[Manipur]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/ima-keithal-women-s-market-in-imphal-001889.html|title=Ima Keithal : World's Only Women's Market|last=Vinayak|first=Akshatha|date=14 May 2018|website=Native Planet|language=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721033629/http://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/ima-keithal-women-s-market-in-imphal-001889.html|archive-date=21 July 2016|access-date=}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Further|History of Manipur|Manipur Kingdom}}
The market was established in the 16th century following the imposition of the labour system, ''lallup-kaba'' in 1533 CE. The ''lallup-kaba'' was a [[forced labour]] system in [[Manipur Kingdom]] which required male members of the [[Meitei people|Meitei ethnicity]] to work in distant lands or to serve in the army. As a consequence of the system, women had to support their households by cultivating their fields or weaving textiles and then selling the products on improvised markets. The improvised markets led to the formation of the organized Ima Keithel.<ref name=":0" /> The Ima Keithel was the primary permanent market in [[Manipur]] until the 20th century.

In 1891, the [[British Raj|British colonial administration]] attempted to impose economic and political reform in [[Manipur Kingdom]], which disrupted the functioning of the market.<ref name=":0" /> The reforms involved large scale seizure and export of food corps from Manipur without consideration for local requirements which caused starvation at times of [[Mautam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Mautam_phenomenon_in_NE_States|title=Mautam phenomenon in NE States|last=|first=|date=|website=e-pao.net|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810025254/http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Science_and_Technology.Mautam_phenomenon_in_NE_States|archive-date=10 August 2019|access-date=}}</ref> It led to agitations by the women of the Ima Keithel and in response, the British attempted to sell off the assets and properties of Ima Keithel to foreigners and external buyers. This, among other causes, resulted in the [[Nupi Lan]] or the women's war, which eventually seized with the [[Japanese invasion of India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/73948/ima-keithal-all-women-market-imphal-manipur/|title=Exploring Ima Keithal, a 500-Year-Old Market with over 5000 Traders - All Women!|last=Pal|first=Sanchari|date=3 November 2016|website=[[The Better India]]|language=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731225129/http://www.thebetterindia.com/73948/ima-keithal-all-women-market-imphal-manipur/|archive-date=31 July 2017|access-date=}}</ref>

Following [[Independence of India|independence]], the market regained prominence as a commercial center and a hub of socio-political discussions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In 2010, the market was moved into the Khawairamband Bazaar complex constructed by the [[Municipal Corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]] of [[Imphal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2010nov12/khwairamband_bazaar_symbol_women_empowerment.html|title=Khwairamband Bazaar: a symbol of women empowerment|last=Begum|first=Anjuman Ara|date=12 November 2010|website=[[Two Circles]]|language=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> The complex had sustained damaged in the [[2016 Imphal earthquake]], which effected the livelihood of around 800 vendors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfamindia.org/featuredstories/women-vendors-manipurs-ima-market-are-angry-after-earthquake-heres-why|title=Women vendors in Manipur's Ima market are angry after the earthquake. Here's why {{!}} Oxfam India|last=|first=|date=6 January 2016|website=[[Oxfam|Oxfam India]]|language=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Market ==
The Ima Keithel is located in the Khawairamband Bazaar Complex reconstructed on the site of Purana Bazaar in central Imphal. It is located west of [[Kangla Fort]] and on the Bir Tikendrajit Road in the Thangal Bazar locality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Construction_of_Ima_Keithel_at_Khwairamband_By_Oinam_Nabakishore|title=Construction of Ima Keithel at Khwairamband By Oinam Nabakishore|last=Singh|first=Oinam Nabakishore|date=|website=e-pao.net|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809235155/http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Construction_of_Ima_Keithel_at_Khwairamband_By_Oinam_Nabakishore|archive-date=9 August 2019|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> The complex consists of three large buildings with [[pagoda]] styled roofs.<ref name=":7" /> The market is split into two sections on either side of the road.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imphalwest.nic.in/tourist-place/womens-market-or-ima-keithel/|title=Ima Keithel|last=|first=|date=|website=imphalwest.nic.in|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Two buildings are located to the north of the main road and one to the south. ''Leimarel Shidabi Ima'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ima Keithel |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/snippets/ima-keithel |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}</ref> or Purana Bazar, is the oldest and largest structure in the complex and ''Emoinu Ima Keithel'', or Laxmi Bazar is the smallest structure in the complex, both are located to the north of main road. ''Phouoibi Ima Keithel, or the New Market, mainly sells handloom items, especially Meitei traditional clothes, that includes various phaneks, sarees, and inaphi, is located to the south of the road.'' The buildings are segregated into textile housing sections and household groceries sections. There is also a section of stalls under a large tin and [[Tarpaulin|tarp]] arrangement market to the east of the main buildings.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/imphal/attractions/ima-keithel/a/poi-sig/1293695/1317337|title=Ima Keithel {{!}} Imphal, India Attractions|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Lonely Planet]]|language=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> In order to set up stalls in the main buildings of the market, an annual municipal fees is levied. The fee of a {{convert|16|sqft|m2}} stall was [[Indian rupee|₹]]140,000 per [[annum]] at the time of construction in 2010.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/76VDJ00TS0jTDTMLyy12gK/In-the-name-of-the-mother.html|title=In the name of the mother|last=Bag|first=Shamik|date=25 June 2010|website=[[Livemint]]|language=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Lisam|first=Khomdan Singh|title=Encyclopaedia Of Manipur|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|year=2011|isbn=978-81-7835-864-2|volume=3|location=India|pages=583–584}}</ref> There is a licensing system in place for vendors with stalls.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2014/02/pictures-india-market-mothers-201425153944212606.html|title=India's 'market of mothers'|last=Das|first=Bijoyeta|date=7 March 2014|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> The market houses around 5000–6000 women vendors at any given day.<ref name=":3" /> As of 2017, the vendors at the market make an annual profit between ₹73,000 and ₹200,000. The annual turnover of the market was estimated to be between ₹40–50{{nbsp}}[[Crore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.northeastguide.in/featured-post/asias-largest-women-run-market-manipur-perfect-example-women-empowerment/|title=Ima Keithel - Asia's Largest Women Run Market in Manipur|last=|first=|date=8 March 2017|website=NorthEast Guide|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202123031/https://www.northeastguide.in/featured-post/asias-largest-women-run-market-manipur-perfect-example-women-empowerment/|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2022 |title=Ima Keithel: Know About Imphal's 500 YO World's Largest All-Women Market |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/ima-keithel-history-of-asia-largest-all-women-run-market-in-imphal-584543.html |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Management ==
The market is managed by a [[Labour Union|union]] of all the vendors of the market. It maintains a custom of only allowing women who have been married at least once to set up stalls. The women vendors include those who are divorced or have been widowed in the [[insurgency in Manipur]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" /> To be able to sell in the market, a new woman vendor needs to be referred by a retiring vendor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Story |date=24 April 2023 |title=Ima Keithel: The world's largest women-run market |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/imphal-india-mothers-market-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> The vendors are primarily in the age of 45–70 years.<ref name=":6" /> The union also runs a [[credit]] system for lending to women traders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/wonder-women-of-india-running-the-show-in-a-500-year-old-market/as64999687.cms|title=Wonder women of India running the show in a 500-year-old market|last=Dey|first=Panchali|date=26 July 2018|website=[[Times of India]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

Inside the market, male shopkeepers and vendors are not allowed to sell anything.<ref name="Rastogi">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdmYDwAAQBAJ&q=ima+keithel+mother%27s+market+male+members+punishable+offence&pg=PT92|title=Early Sunrise, Early Sunset: Tales of a Solo Woman Traveler Across North East and East India|last=Rastogi|first=Priyanka|date=13 May 2019|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1-5437-0523-2|language=en}}</ref> The [[Government of Manipur]] also announced that the male shopkeepers and vendors will be punished if their shops and vendors are found inside the market.<ref name="Rastogi"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952/mother-s-market-the-indian-bazaar-run-entirely-by-women|title=India's Mother's Market run by women|last=|first=|date=19 May 2015|website=[[BBC News]]|language=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071432/http://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-32793952/mother-s-market-the-indian-bazaar-run-entirely-by-women|archive-date=21 January 2018|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur%E2%80%99s-historic-women%E2%80%99s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306|title=Manipur's historic women's only market damaged in earthquake|last=|first=|date=4 January 2016|website=[[The News Minute]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134207/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/manipur%E2%80%99s-historic-women%E2%80%99s-only-market-damaged-earthquake-37306|archive-date=8 March 2021|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Currently, Ima Mema Laishram and Ima Y Ibeyaima are the convenors of Khwairamband Ima Keithel Joint Coordinating Committee for Peace. Asem Nirmala is the General Secretary of Khwairamband Ima Keithel Lukmai Sellup.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damp squib of a session : Womenfolk |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2023/8/31/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-30-Womenfolk-of-Khwairamband-Ima-Keithel-Lukmai-Sellup-and-Khwairamband-I.html |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Compliments ==
[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs of India]], [[S. Jaishankar|S Jaishankar]] called Ima market a ''"great example of nari shakti (women's power) powering economic growth."''<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2022 |title=What is Imphal's Ima market, which minister Jaishankar called 'a great example of Nari Shakti' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-imphals-ima-market-which-minister-jaishankar-called-a-great-example-of-nari-shakti-8293307/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In February 2023, delegates of B20 from the [[G20]] forum visited the Ima Market. One of the delegates said, ''"I will tell the world that there is a beautiful market run by women that sells authentic handicrafts, clothes and others."''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ima Keithel - a symbol of women empowerment in India: B20 delegates |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/ima-keithel-a-symbol-of-women-empowerment-in-india-b20-delegates |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=Imphal Free Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Three-day Imphal event of B20 conference of the G20 dialogue forum concludes |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1900552 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Meira Paibi]]

{{Portal|Organized labour}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Meitei architecture]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:16th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:Retail markets in India]]
[[Category:Bazaars in India]]
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Manipur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manipur]]
[[Category:Imphal]]
[[Category:Women in Meitei culture]]

Pulomilo Island

2026-03-14T18:09:54Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{Short description|Indian island in the Bay of Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Pulomilo
| native_name = Pilomillow, Pulo Milo
| native_name_link = Nicobarese language
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| map_caption = Location of Pulomilo Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| coordinates = {{coord|7.4|N|93.69|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Nicobar Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| total_islands = 1
| major_islands = {{hlist|Pulomilo}}
| area_km2 = 0.82
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman|access-date=7 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 1.3
| width_km = 0.9
| coastline_km = 4.8
| elevation_m = 10
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Nicobar Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = [[Subdivisions of India]]
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Great Nicobar Subdivision]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Little Nicobar]]
| country_largest_city = Pulomilo
| country_largest_city_population = 20
| population = 20
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 = 0
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups = [[Hindu]], [[Nicobarese people|Nicobarese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744301
| area_code = 03192
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes
| label2 = Literacy | data2 = 82.35%
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|32.0|°C|°F}}
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|28.0|°C|°F}}
| label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| label7 = [[Census of India|Census code]]| data7 = 35.638.0002.645140
| label8 = Official Languages| data8 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Southern Nicobarese language|Southern Nicobarese]] (regional)
}}
}}
'''Pulomilo''' is an island in the [[Nicobar district]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[India]], and is home to a village of the same name. It is located just north of [[Little Nicobar|Little Nicobar Island]].

==History==

=== Impact of the 2004 earthquake and tsunami ===
Pulomilo was devastated by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]]. There were initial fears that the entire population had drowned,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Asia-tsunami/A-queen-leaves-her-shattered-island-realm/2005/01/11/1105423487925.html |title=A queen leaves her shattered island realm |author=Hamish McDonald |date=2005-01-12 |access-date=2015-08-12}}</ref> but later reports showed that the island had been evacuated.<ref>{{cite book |author=Rajib Shaw |title=Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DozE7f8FJjQC&pg=PT58 |year=2006 |publisher=Emerald Group Publishing |isbn=978-1-84544-954-4 |pages=74}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/E6C7D277FF1224E249256FB6000C853D-who-ind-24feb.pdf |title=India: Weekly Tsunami Situation Report as on 24 February 2005 |author=A. K. Sengupta, Office of WHO Representative to India |year=2005 |publisher=World Health Organization |pages=1 |access-date=2015-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Ramakrishnan Korakandy |title=Fisheries Development in India: The Political Economy of Unsustainable Development, Vol. 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DozE7f8FJjQC&pg=PT58 |year=2008 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |isbn=978-81-7835-634-1 |pages=267–368}}</ref>

One-hundred-five people were killed in the 2004 disaster on Pulomilo, representing 49.1% of the island's population. Of the 109 survivors, 15 (13.8%) had suffered an injury severe enough to be reportable and almost half (41 individuals) experienced [[diarrhoea]], [[dysentery]], [[fever]], or a respiratory infection.<ref name="rao"/>

Besides the human losses, Pulomilo's economy and infrastructure were also devastated. Before the tsunami, Pulomilo residents enjoyed a few hours of electricity each night, and the village accommodated a small police post and radio house staffed on a rotational basis.<ref name="chandi" /> The tsunami swept away most structures on the island.<ref name="rao"/>

Not only were buildings shattered, but the tsunami also severely eroded the villagers' ability to sustain themselves. It destroyed twenty-two of the islanders' outrigger canoes and eight boats,<ref name="rao"/> leaving only two embarkations in working order,<ref name="chandi" /> and killed 823 livestock animals,<ref name="rao"/> including 239 pigs belonging to 25 families.<ref>{{cite web |title=Livestock and Poultry Germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar Islands with Special Reference to the Nicobari Pig in 'Livestock-based Livelihoods: An action programme for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Proceedings of the Seminar held in Port Blair, Andamans, 23-24 November 2006' |author=S. Jeyakumar & A. Kundu |url=http://www.anthra.org/publications/seminar_proceedings/Andaman%20Report.pdf |publisher=Anthra |access-date=2015-08-12 |page=43}}</ref>

==Geography==
Pulomilo Island has a size of {{convert|0.82|km2|abbr=on}}.
Before the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]], Pulomilo was connected to the [[Little Nicobar]] island. After the earthquake and tsunami, it became an island, as most of its land — except a small hilltop — was eroded or submerged.<ref>{{cite book |author=Rajib Shaw |title=Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DozE7f8FJjQC&pg=PT58 |year=2006 |publisher=Emerald Group Publishing |isbn=978-1-84544-954-4 |pages=58–}}</ref>
Most of the island is covered in forests of casuarina, pandanus, and coconut palm.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiatravelnext.com/islands-of-andaman/pulo-milo-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar.html |title=Pulo Milo Island in Andaman and Nicobar, Info of Pulo Milo Island in Andaman |website=www.indiatravelnext.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520215922/http://www.indiatravelnext.com/islands-of-andaman/pulo-milo-island-in-andaman-and-nicobar.html |archive-date=20 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Administration==
Pulomilo island belongs to the [[Subdivisions of India|township]] of [[Great Nicobar Subdivision|Great Nicobar]] of [[Little Nicobar]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |title=Tehsils |access-date=7 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Andaman%20Nicobar.pdf |title=Andaman and Nicobar Islands villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |access-date=2015-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095346/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Andaman%20Nicobar.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Economics==
Pulomilo island's main production crop is coconut in the form of [[copra]].<ref name="rao">{{cite book |author=Dr. V.R. Rao |title=Tsunami in South Asia: Studies of Impact on Communities of Andaman and Nicobar Islands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-4PDCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |date=14 May 2007 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=9788184241891 |pages=40}}</ref><ref name="ANA">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/IslandwiseStatistical/pulomilo.pdf |title=Pulomilo Island |year=2006 |publisher=Andaman & Nicobar Administration Directorate of Economics & Statistics |access-date=2015-08-12 }}</ref> The island has no electricity,<ref name="ANA" /> and the primary mode of transport is by boat.<ref name="rao"/><ref name="chandi" />

===Tourism===
Pulomilo also receives a tiny share of the [[Nicobar Islands|Nicobar]] tourist trade. One late 20th-century visitor described Pulomilo as a "stunning, magnificent Island" marked by "lush, green, rain-washed coconut plantations" beyond "a golden sandy beach, behind which lay stilted thatched huts"<ref name="virk">{{cite book |author=H. P. S. Virk |title=Rendezvous: Forbidden Land of the 'Nicobar Islands' |year=2015 |publisher=Friesen Press |isbn=978-1460258767 |pages=29}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Pulomilo Island's sole settlement is the village of Pulomilo.<ref name="ANA" />
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census data]], Pulomilo has a total population of 20 individuals in 5 households.<ref name="rao"/>{{rp|29, 35}}<ref name="ANA" /><ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20&%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Andaman & Nicobar Islands |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |access-date=2015-07-21 }}</ref>

The primary language spoken among the residents is the [[Channai Payuh]] dialect of [[Nicobarese languages|Nicobari]]<ref name="chandi">{{cite journal |author=Manish Chandi |title=Rehabilitation and change in the aftermath of a tsunami. A return to Little Nicobar Island |url=https://www.academia.edu/2486955 |date=November 2006 |journal=Proceedings of the First India Disaster Management Congress |publisher=Academia.edu |access-date=2015-08-12}}</ref><ref name="ANA" /> and most are [[Christians]].<ref name="ANA"/> The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of the population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 82.35%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

==Image gallery==
<gallery widths="180">
File:Map of Nicobar Islands-en.png|Map
File:LittleNicobarIslandMap.jpg|Pulomilo is located to the north-west of the Little Nicobar Island
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Portal|India|Islands}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{{Nicobar district |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pulomilo}}
[[Category:Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nicobar district]]
[[Category:Villages in Great Nicobar tehsil]]
[[Category:Nicobar district]]
[[Category:Populated places in India]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of the Bay of Bengal]]

Banu Hashim

2026-03-13T12:52:08Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{Short description|Clan of the Quraysh tribe}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Banu Hashim ({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم}})
| type = [[Quraysh]], [[Adnanites]]
| image = Name of Banu Hashim.png
| alt = Calligraphy of the family name in Arabic
| caption = [[Arabic calligraphy]] of the Tribe's name
| nisba = al-Hashimi or al-Hasyimi
| location = [[Arabia]]
| descended = [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]]
| parent_tribe = [[Quraysh]]
| branches = * [[Alids]]
** [[Hasanids]]
*** [[Alawi dynasty|Alawi / Alaoui (Morocco)]]
*** [[Idrisids|Alidrisi / Idrisi (Morocco)]]
*** [[Saadi Sultanate|Alsaadi (Morocco)]]
*** [[Rassid dynasty|Alrassidi / Rassidi (Yemen)]]
*** [[Banu Qatadah|Qatadah (Mecca)]]
**** Dhawu 'Awn
***** [[Hashemites]]
****[[Abadilah]]
**** [[House of Bolkiah|Bolkiah (Brunei)]]
** [[Husaynids]]
*** [[Ba 'Alawi sada|Ba 'Alawi sada (Yemen)]]
**** [[House of Jamalullail (Perlis)|Jamalullail (Perlis)]]
**** [[House of Jamalullail (Perak)|Jamalullail (Perak)]]
**** [[House of al-Sagoff|al-Sagoff / as-Saqqaf / as-Segaf]]
***** [[Abdullah ibn Shaykh al-Aydarus|al-Aidrus / al-Idrus]]
****** [[House of Bendahara|Bendahara (Pahang & Terengganu)]]
******* [[House of Temenggong|Temenggong (Johor)]]
*** [[Ba 'Alawiyya|Ba Alawiyya tariqa (Yemen)]]
* [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib#Descendants|Ja'farites]]
* [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib#Legacy|Aqilites]]
* [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasids]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| ethnicity = [[Arabs|Arab]]
| language = [[Arabic]]
| surnames = [[Al-Hashimi (surname)|Alhashimi]], [[Al-Hashimi (surname)|Alhasyimi]], [[Alids|Alawi]], [[Alids|Alaoui]], [[Hasanids|Alhasani]], [[Husaynids|Alhusaini]], [[Husaynids|Alhusayni]]
}}
{{Muhammad}}
'''Banu Hashim''' ({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم|Banū Hāshim}}) is an [[Arabs|Ancient Arab]] clan within the [[Quraysh]] tribe to which the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]].

Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as '''Hashemites''', '''Hashimites''', '''Hashimids''', or '''Bakara''' and often carry the surname [[Al-Hashimi (surname)|{{transliteration|ar|al-Hāshimī}}]]. These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter [[Fatimah|Fatima]], hold the traditional title of [[Sharif|{{transliteration|ar|Sharīf}}]] (often synonymous to {{transliteration|ar|[[Sayyid]]}}).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Van Arendonk|first1=C.|last2=Graham|first2=W.A.|date=1960–2007|title=Sharīf|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P. J.|editor1-link=P. J. Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor3-first=C. E.|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W. P.|editor5-link=W. P. Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041}}</ref>

From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.<ref>{{harvnb|Van Arendonk|Graham|1960–2007}}.</ref> Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]] (ruled from [[Baghdad]] 750–945; held the [[caliphate]] without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in [[Cairo]]), the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the [[Alawi dynasty|'Alawi]] (rulers of [[Morocco]], 1631–present), and the [[Hashemites]] (rulers of [[Jordan]], 1921–present).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Routledge |first=Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBWmAwOJI2UC |title=Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology |date=2004-07-26 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3801-3 |pages=236 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Traditionally, the tribe is named after [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]]. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the [[Banu Najjar]], an [[Azd]]i clan.<ref>al-Tabari, Abu Jafar. ''The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca''. p. 125.</ref><ref>The Agrarian System of Islam
Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī
Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991</ref>

Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the [[Adnanites]] (descended from [[Adnan]], traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the [[Qahtanites]] (originating from [[Qahtan]], the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia).<ref name=gen>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&pg=PA72 |title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis|author=Reuven Firestone|date=1990|page=72|publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9780791403310}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJ8EpN0232IC&pg=PA170 |author=Göran Larsson|date=2003|page=170| publisher=BRILL |isbn = 9004127402}}</ref> Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the [[Quraysh tribe]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Al-Mubarakpuri|first=Safi-ur-Rahman|title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum)|year=2002|publisher=Darussalam|page=30|isbn=1591440718}}</ref> and is an [[Adnanite]] tribe. It derives its name from [[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf]], the great-grandfather of [[Muhammad]], and along with the [[Banu Abd-Shams]], Banu Al-Muttalib, and [[Banu Nawfal]] clans comprises the [[Banu Abd al-Manaf]] section of the Quraysh.

== Dynasties and Tribes ==
The following [[Royal family|Royal]], [[Empire|Imperial]] dynasties and Tribes claim descent from Hashim:

'''''Arabia'''''
* [[Hashemite dynasty|Hashemite Dynasty]] (through [[Qatadah ibn Idris]]){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
* [[Abbasid dynasty]] of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] (through [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib]]){{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}}
* Abbasid Caliphs of [[Cairo]], the ceremonial Heads of State of [[Mamluk Sultanate]] from 1261 to 1517. (descendant of [[al-Hakim I|Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hakim]])
*Abbasid Emirate of [[Bahdinan]] (through Baha Al-Din, descendant of last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad [[al-Musta'sim]])<ref>{{cite web | title=إمارة بهدينان العباسية | url=https://archive.org/details/SKMC224e18082711500_201808 }}</ref>
* [[Fatimid dynasty|Fatimid Dynasty]] of the Fatimid Caliphate including the later Agha Khans. (through [[Isma'il ibn Ja'far|Ismail ibn Jafar]]){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 238]}}
*[[Rassid Dynasty]] of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin [[Hasan ibn Hasan|Al-Hassan al-Muthanna]]){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}}
* [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen|Mutawakkilite Dynasty]] of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin [[Hasan ibn Hasan|Al-Hassan al-Muthanna]] as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}}
* [[Ba 'Alawi sada|Ba 'Alawi family of Yemen]] (through [[Ahmad al-Muhajir]])
* [[Gilani]] Family or Tribe of Syria (through [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]]) <ref>https://www.marefa.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9)#cite_note-2</ref>
'''''Africa'''''
* [['Alawi dynasty|'Alawi dynasty of Morocco]] (through [[Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
* [[Saadi Sultanate|Sa'di dynasty of Morocco]] (through [[Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya]] ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
* [[Fatimid dynasty|Fatimid Dynasty]] of the Fatimid Caliphate.{{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 238]}}
* [[Idrisid dynasty|Idrisid dynasty of Morocco]] (through [[Idris I of Morocco|Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil]]){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}}
* [[Senussi dynasty|Senussi Dynasty]] of Libya (through [[Idris ibn Abdullah]] as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty)
* [[Awlad Sidi Shaykh|Ouled Sidi Cheikh]] of Algeria and Morocco (through [[Idris I of Morocco|Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil]])
* [[Ja'alin tribe|Ja’alin]] of [[Sudan]] (through Ibrahim Ja’al, an [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]] noble and descendant of [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Al Abbas]])
* [[Isaaq|Ishaqi family]] (through [[Ishaaq bin Ahmed|Shaykh Ishaaq ibn Ahmad ar-Ridawi]])<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref>
**[[Habr Je'lo|Tolje'lo Dynasty]] of the [[Isaaq kingdom]]
**[[House of Guled|Guled Dynasty]] of the [[Isaaq Sultanate]]
** [[Rer Ainanshe|Ainanshe Dynasty]] of the [[Habr Yunis Sultanate]]
* [[Darod|Darod (Jabarti) Family]] (through [[Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti|Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jeberti]])
** [[Warsengali sultanate|Gerad Dynasty]] of the [[Warsengali sultanate|Warsangali Sultanate]]
** [[Majeerteen Sultanate|Majeerteen Dynasty]] of the [[Majeerteen Sultanate]]
** Bah Yaqub Dynasty of the [[Hobyo Sultanate]]
** [[Ogaden (clan)|Ogaden Dynasty]] of the Ogaden Sultanate
*[[Walashma dynasty]] of the [[Ifat Sultanate]] and [[Adal Sultanate]] (through [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib]])
*[[Asharaf|Asharaf clan]] of [[Somalia|Somalia's]] [[Banaadir|Benadiri region]] (through [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]'s children Al-Hasan & Al-Hussein)

'''''Indo-Persia'''''
* [[Alid dynasties of northern Iran|Alids]] of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin [[Hasan ibn Hasan|Hassan al Muthana]])
* Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through [[Zayd ibn Ali]]){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
* [[Barha dynasty|Barha Dynasty]] Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through [[Zayd ibn Ali]])<ref>{{cite book |author=Abul Fazl |title=The Āʼīn-i Akbarī |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=9693515307 |edition=2nd|year=2004 }}</ref>
* The Agha Khans (Through [[Isma'il ibn Ja'far|Ismail ibn Jafar]] as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA237 237]}}
*Mirs of Rajhat (Through [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin]])<ref>{{cite book |author=Abu Huraira Virasat Rasul|title=Ashraf Al Ansab |publisher=Karachi Publications }}</ref>
* [[Sabzwari dynasty|Sabzwari Dynasty]] (through [[Ali al reza|Ali al Reza]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Shah Nawaz |title=Maasir al Umara |date=1952 |publisher=Calcutta Oriental Press |location=Calcutta |pages=259–262}}</ref>
* [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Najafi Dynasty of Bengal]]. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)

'''''Southeast Asia'''''
* [[Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura|Sultans of Siak]] (through [[Ahmad al-Muhajir|Ahmad al Muhajir]] as cadets of the Ba alawai){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]}}
* [[Bendahara dynasty|Bendahara Dynasty]] of Pahang and Terengannu (through [[Ahmad al-Muhajir|Ahmad al Muhajir]] as cadets of the Ba alawai)
* [[House of Bolkiah|Bolkiah Dynasty]] of Brunei (through [[Ahmad al-Muhajir|Ahmad al Muhajir]] as cadets of the Ba alawai)
* [[House of Jamalullail (Perak)|Jamal al layl dynasty]] of Perak and Perlis (through [[Ahmad al-Muhajir|Ahmad al Muhajir]] as cadets of the Ba alawai)
* [[Sultanate of Pontianak|Sultans of Pontianak]] (through [[Ahmad al-Muhajir|Ahmad al Muhajir]] as cadets of the Ba alawai){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]}}
* [[House of Temenggong]] of Johor (as cadet branches of [[Bendahara dynasty|Bendahara Dynasty]])

'''''Europe'''''
* [[Hammudid dynasty|Hummudid Dynasty]] (through [[Idris ibn Abdullah]])

==Family tree==
 
{{tree chart/start|style=font-size:95%;line-height:100%;|align=center}}
{{tree chart| KiM |y| FbS | KiM='''[[Kilab ibn Murrah]]'''|FbS='''[[Fatimah bint Sa'd]]'''}}
{{tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| ZiK | | QiK |y| HbH | ZiK='''[[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]]''' (progenitor of [[Banu Zuhrah]]) maternal great-great-grandfather|QiK='''[[Qusai ibn Kilab]]''' paternal great-great-great-grandfather|HbH='''[[Hubba bint Hulail]]''' paternal great-great-great-grandmother}}
{{tree chart| |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| AMZ | | | | AMQ |y| AbM | AMZ='''`[[Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah]]''' maternal great-grandfather|AMQ='''`[[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai]]''' paternal great-great-grandfather|AbM='''[[Atikah bint Murrah]]''' paternal great-great-grandmother}}
{{tree chart| |!| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| WiA | | | | | | HiA |y| SbA | WiA='''[[Wahb ibn Abd Manaf|Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf]]''' maternal grandfather|HiA='''[[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf]]''' (progenitor of Banu Hashim) paternal great-grandfather|SbA='''[[Salma bint Amr|Salma bint `Amr]]''' paternal great-grandmother}}
{{tree chart| |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| |!| | | FbA |y|~|~| AuM |~|~|~|~|y| HbW | FbA='''[[Fatimah bint Amr|Fatimah bint `Amr]]''' paternal grandmother|AuM='''`[[Abdul-Muttalib]]''' paternal grandfather|HbW=[[Halah bint Wuhayb]] paternal step-grandmother}}
{{tree chart| |!| | | |,|-|+|-|.| |)|-|.| | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| Ami |y| AiA |!| AZi |!| Har | | Ham | | Ami='''[[Aminah]]''' mother|AiA='''[[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|`Abdullah]]''' father|AZi=[[Az-Zubayr ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib|Az-Zubayr]] paternal uncle|Har=[[Harith ibn Abdul-Muṭṭalib|Harith]] paternal half-uncle|Ham=[[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Hamza]] paternal half-uncle}}
{{tree chart| | | |!| | | |`|-|.| |`|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart| Thu |!| Hal | | ATi | | AAi | | ALa | | oth | Thu=[[Thuwaybah]] first nurse|Hal=[[Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb|Halimah]] second nurse|ATi=[[Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib]] paternal uncle|AAi=[[Al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib|`Abbas]] paternal half-uncle|ALa=[[Abū Lahab|Abu Lahab]] paternal half-uncle|oth=''6 other sons and 6 daughters''}}
{{tree chart| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{tree chart|F|~| Muh |y| KbK |!| | | AAA | Muh='''Muhammad'''|KbK=[[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]] first wife|AAA=[[Abd Allah ibn Abbas|`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas]] paternal cousin}}
{{tree chart|:| | | | |)|.| | |!| | | |,|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart|:|,|-| Fat |t|~| Ali | | |!| | QiM | | AiM | Fat='''[[Fatimah]]''' daughter|Ali=[[Ali]] paternal cousin and son-in-law [[Family tree of Ali|family tree]], [[Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib|descendants]]|QiM='''[[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]]''' son|AiM='''[[Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad|`Abd-Allah]]''' son}}
{{tree chart|:|!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{tree chart|:|!| | | | ZbM | | RbM |y| UbA |~| UKM | | ZiH | ZbM='''[[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]]''' daughter|RbM='''[[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad|Ruqayyah]]''' daughter|UbA=[[Uthman ibn Affan|Uthman]] son-in-law [[Family tree of Uthman|family tree]]|UKM='''[[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]]''' daughter|ZiH=[[Zayd ibn Harithah|Zayd]] adopted son}}
{{tree chart|:|!| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart|:|!| | AiZ | | UbZ | | AAU | | | | RbZ |7| UiZ | AiZ='''[[Ali ibn Zainab]]''' grandson|UbZ='''[[Umamah bint Zainab]]''' granddaughter|AAU='''`[[Abd-Allah ibn Uthman]]''' grandson|RbZ=[[Rayhana bint Zayd|Rayhana]] (marriage disputed)|UiZ=[[Usama ibn Zayd]] adoptive grandson}}
{{tree chart|:|`|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |:| }}
{{tree chart|:| MiA | | Has | | Hus | | UKA | | ZbA |D| SbH | MiA='''[[Muhsin ibn Ali]]''' grandson|Has='''[[Hasan ibn Ali]]''' grandson|Hus='''[[Husayn ibn Ali]]''' grandson [[Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali|family tree]]|UKA='''[[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]''' granddaughter|ZbA='''[[Zaynab bint Ali]]''' granddaughter|SbH=[[Safiyya bint Huyayy|Safiyya]] tenth / eleventh wife*}}
{{tree chart|D|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|C| }}
{{tree chart|:| AbB |D| SbZ |:| Uma |D| USa |D| JbH |D| MbH | AbB=[[Abu Bakr]] father-in-law [[Family tree of Abu Bakr|family tree]]|SbZ=[[Sawda bint Zamʿa|Sawda]] second / third wife*| Uma=[[Umar]] father-in-law [[Family tree of Umar|family tree]]|USa=[[Umm Salama]] sixth wife|JbH=[[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith|Juwayriya]] eighth wife|MbH=[[Maymuna bint al-Harith|Maymuna]] eleventh / twelfth wife*}}
{{tree chart|:| |!| |:| | | |:| |!| |:| | | |:| | | |:| }}
{{tree chart|L| Ais |L| ZbK |L| HbU |L| ZbJ |L| RbA |L| MaQ | Ais=[[Aisha]] second / third wife [[Family tree of Abu Bakr|Family tree]]|ZbK=[[Zaynab bint Khuzayma|Zaynab]] fifth wife|HbU=[[Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsa]] fourth wife|ZbJ=[[Zaynab bint Jahsh|Zaynab]] seventh wife|RbA=[[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan|Umm Habiba]] ninth wife|MaQ=[[Maria al-Qibtiyya]] }}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IiM | IiM='''[[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad|Ibrahim]]''' son}}
{{tree chart/end}}

* Note that direct lineage is marked in '''bold'''.

==See also==
*[[Non-Muslims who interacted with Muslims during Muhammad's era]]
*[[Abbasid caliphs]]
*[[Abbasid architecture]]
*[[Hashmi]]
*[[Sayyid]]
*[[Dhund (tribe)]]
*[[Awan (tribe)]]
*[[Husseini]]
*[[Banu Umayya]]
*[[Umayyad dynasty]]
*[[Umayyad Caliphate]]
*[[Abbasid Caliphate]]
*[[Family tree of Muhammad]]
*[[Quraysh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Hoiberg |editor-first=Dale H. |title=Abbasid Dynasty |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |year=2010 |volume=I: A-Ak – Bayes |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency }}
* {{cite book |last1=Vachon |first1=Auguste |last2=Boudreau |first2=Claire |last3=Cogné |first3=Daniel |title=Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996 |date=1998 |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |isbn=978-0-7766-1600-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ |language=en }}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090523041524/http://baalawi.ning.com/ Ba'Alawi (Al Husayni Al Hashimi Al Qurayshi) Sadah of Hadhramaut]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064624/http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/4.htm Banu Hashim – Before the Birth of Islam]
*[https://bani-alabbas.com/ Genealogy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126085840/http://bani-alabbas.com/ |date=2021-11-26 }} of the Hashemite [[Banu Abbas]].

{{Characters and names in the Quran}}
{{Clans of Quraysh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hashim}}
[[Category:Banu Hashim| ]]
[[Category:Tribes of Arabia]]
[[Category:Family of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Sunni Islam]]
[[Category:Quraysh]]

[[fi:Banū Hāshim]]
[[sv:Hashim]]

Purnia

2026-03-12T19:03:29Z

NydiaChiodo9: Improved wording and formatting

{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Purnia district}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Purnia
| native_name = ''Pūrniyan''
| official_name = Purnea
| nicknames = Mini Darjeeling, Makhana Capital of India<ref>{{cite web|title=Purnea is imerging as Makhana Capital of India|website=[[ThePrint]] |date=27 February 2025 |url=https://theprint.in/feature/wheres-the-makhana-capital-darbhanga-or-purnea-fight-for-makhana-board-turns-political/2513438/}}</ref>
| settlement_type = [[Urban Agglomeration]]
| image_shield =
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2
| caption_align = center
| image1 = JailChowkPurnea.jpg
| caption1 = Tricolour hosted at Jail Chowk Purnia
| image2 =
| caption2 = Purnia Skyline
| image3 = Puran Devi Mandir Purnea.jpg
| caption3 = Maa Puran Devi Mandir, Purnea City
}}
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India3
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India##Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.778|87.476|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = Subregion
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of divisions in India|Division]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}}[[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Thakur |first=Ripunjay Kumar |date=2022-03-01|title=Historical Geography of Early Medieval Mithila: From Videha to Tirhut.|url=https://www.academia.edu/72670545|publisher=New Archaeological & Genological Society, Kanpur, India|issn=2348-8301|access-date=2025-08-21}}</ref>
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kosi-Seemanchal]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Purnia division|Purnia]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Purnia district|Purnia]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14 February 1770
| named_for = Goddess Puran Devi or Sanskrit word ''Purn Aranya''
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation (India)]]
| governing_body = [[Purnia Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Bibha Kumari
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 92
| area_urban_km2 = 60
| area_rank = [[List of cities in Bihar by population|2nd in Bihar]]
| area_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 36
| population_total = 496,830 <ref name=pop />
| population_urban = 496,830
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Bihar by population|4th in Bihar]]
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 854301, 854302 (Main City), 854303 (South-West Suburbs & [[Purnia Airport]]), 854304 (North-West Suburbs), 854305 (Khuskibagh & [[Purnia Junction railway station|Purnia Railway station]]), 854326 (Eastern Suburbs), 854330 (Northern Suburbs & [[Kasba (Purnia)|Kasba]]) (Purnia)<ref>{{cite web |title=Pin Codes of Purnia, Bihar, India, Purnia Pincode Search |url=https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Purnia/ |website=indiapincodes.net |access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref>
| area_code = +91 6454
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#BR.E2.80.94Bihar|BR-11]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 74.09%
| website = {{URL|purnea.bih.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Pappu Yadav]]
| leader_title3 = MLA
| leader_name3 = Vijay khemka
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Surjapuri]], [[Eastern Maithili|Purbi Maithili]] and [[Angika]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnia]]
}}

'''Purnia''' ({{audio|Purnea4wikipedia.ogg|pronunciation}}; also [[Romanization|romanized]] and officially<ref>{{cite web|title=Official name of Purnia|url=https://purnea.bih.nic.in}}</ref> known as '''Purnea''') is [[List of cities in Bihar by population|the fourth largest city of Bihar]] and is emerging as the largest economic hub in [[North Bihar]]. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both [[Purnia district]] and [[Purnia division]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Bihar]]. It is well known for its favourable climate like [[Darjeeling]] and has an abundance of resources for human settlements and economic activities.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

The total geographical area of Purnia Urban Agglomeration is {{Convert|92|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|2}} which is next only to Patna. The population density of the city is 3058 persons per km sq. making it the [[List of cities in Bihar by population|4th largest city of Bihar by population]].<ref name="pop">{{cite web |title=Population of Cities in India 2021 - StatisticsTimes.com |url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/country/india-cities-population.php |website=statisticstimes.com}}</ref> It is nearly 315 km from [[Patna]], as well as 171 km from [[Siliguri]], 90 km from [[Bhagalpur]]. It is 640 km from [[Guwahati]] (approximately) and 450 km from [[Kolkata]], the capital of the adjacent state of [[West Bengal]] and the largest city in [[East India]]. Purnia district covers 3202.31 sq. km of the state of [[Bihar]]. The [[Indian army|Indian Army]], [[Indian Air Force]], and three of five branches of India's [[Central Armed Police Forces]] – the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF), the [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] (SSB), and the [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP) – have bases around the district.

==Etymology==
Several possible origins for the name ''Purnia'' have been proposed. The name may originate from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Purna–Aranya'', which means "complete jungle".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official Web site of Purnea Dist. Admn |url=http://purnea.bih.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015205130/http://www.purnea.bih.nic.in/ |archive-date=15 October 2018 |access-date=2012-07-13 |publisher=Purnea.bih.nic.in}}</ref> ''Purnia'' could also be an altered form of the old name ''Purania'', derived from the word ''purain'' or [[Lotus (plant)|Lotus]], which is said to have grown on the [[Koshi River|Kosi]] and [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] rivers.

The city's name is also [[Romanization|romanized]] as Purnea.

==History==
===Ancient History===
Purnia is part of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Makhan |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |year=1997 |isbn=9788175330344 |pages=27–30 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. }}</ref> Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] who established the [[Mithila Kingdom]] (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Witzel |first=Michael |title=Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |year=1989 |editor-last=Caillat |location=Paris |pages=13, 17 116–124, 141–143}}</ref> During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of [[South Asia]], along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called [[Janaka]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Witzel |first=Michael |title=Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |publisher=Fondation Hugot |year=1989 |editor-last=Caillat |editor-first=C. |location=Paris |pages=141–143 |chapter=Tracing the Vedic dialects |author-link=Michael Witzel}}</ref> The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the [[Vajjika League]], which had its capital in the city of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]], which is also in Mithila.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hemchandra |first=R. |title=Political History of Ancient India |publisher=University of Calcutta |year=1972 |location=Calcutta}}</ref>

The earliest inhabitants of Purnia were [[Anga|Angas]] and [[Pundra|Pundras]]. In the epics, the Angas are grouped with the Bengal tribes and were the eastern most tribes known to the [[Aryans]] during the period of [[Atharvaveda|Atharva Samhita]] while the [[Pundra|Pundras]], although they had Aryan blood were regarded as degraded class of people in the [[Aitareya Brahmana]], [[Mahabharata]] and [[Manusmriti|Manu Samhita]], because they neglected the performance of sacred rites. According to the legend of Mahabharata, Biratnagar which gave shelter to the five [[Pandava]] brothers during their one year incognito exile, is said to be located in Purnia.<ref>{{cite web|title =History of Purnea District|url =https://purnea.nic.in/about-district/history/|access-date=2026-01-08}}</ref>

===Medieval history===
During the ninth century, the [[Pala dynasty]] rose to power in the region formerly known as [[Pundra]] and [[Anga]]. A monolithic structure located near the Darara factory in the western part of the district is believed to date from this period.

By the beginning of the thirteenth century, the southern portion of the district is said to have formed part of the kingdom of [[Lakshman Sen]], whose capital was at [[Nadia]]. This region was subsequently conquered by [[Bakhtiyar Khilji]] during the early phase of Muslim expansion in eastern India.

In the early days of [[Mughal rule]], Purnia functioned as a remote military frontier province of the [[Mughal Empire]]. A substantial portion of its revenue was expended on defending its borders against frequent incursions by tribal groups from the north and east. In the early seventeenth century, a faujdar was appointed with the title of Nawab, combining military command of the frontier forces with the fiscal responsibilities of a diwan, or superintendent of revenues. At this time, the northern frontier was marked by Jalalgarh, a fortified outpost located a few miles north of Purnia town.

In 1722, the office of faujdar was held by Saif Khan, regarded as the most prominent governor of Purnea. He significantly expanded the district’s boundaries, pushing the [[Nepalis]] frontier approximately 30 miles northward to its present position. He also annexed the Dharampur pargana, which at the time lay west of the [[Kosi river|Kosi River]] and was formerly part of the sarkar of [[Monghyr]].

One of Saif Khan’s successors, Shaukat Jang, later declared war against [[Siraj-ud-Daulah]], the [[Nawab of Bengal]]. In 1757, Siraj-ud-Daulah—emboldened by his recent capture of [[Calcutta]]—marched toward Purnea and secured a decisive victory at Nawabganj.

The district came under [[United Kingdom|British]] control in 1765, along with the rest of [[Bengal]]. However, it remained in a state of administrative disorder until 1770, when a [[British people|British]] official was appointed with the title of Superintendent, marking the beginning of effective colonial administration.

During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], two groups of mutineers entered Purnia. Owing to the prompt and decisive action of the Commissioner, George Yule, they were driven into [[Nepal]] before they could cause any serious disturbance.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ia601502.us.archive.org/17/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.128753/2015.128753.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Purnea.pdf |title = Medieval History of Purnia| work= Page 67 |publisher =Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna| access-date = 8 January 2026}}</ref>

===European Settlement in Purnia during Early British Rule===

In the early phase of [[British Raj|British rule]], several [[Europeans]] arrived in Purnia and settled there permanently. At that time, Purnia was truly ''Purainiya''—a region dominated by dense forests. In the initial years, European settlers established themselves around the [[Saura river|Saura River]], located in the central part of the town, an area that is today known as Rambagh.

Over time, Europeans gradually moved westward from the [[Saura river|Saura River]] and began constructing large residential estates, known as kothis. Similar to the Civil Lines found in cities such as [[Lucknow]] and [[Kanpur]], Purnia also developed a comparable area. However, while Civil Lines in other cities were primarily inhabited by [[British people|British]] administrative officers, Purnia’s Civil Lines were largely home to European “gentleman farmers.”

Among the most influential European zamindars in Purnia were Alexander John Forbes and Palmer.

In 1859, Alexander John Forbes purchased the Sultanpur Pargana from [[Murshidabad]]-based moneylender Babu Pratap Singh, thereby becoming a zamindar. The town of [[Forbesganj]] ''(formerly spelled Farbisganj)'' was established in Sultanpur Pargana and named after him. Despite owning Sultanpur, Forbes resided in [[Purnia|Purnia town]], where he was quite popular. He showed a keen interest in social and recreational activities and played a role in establishing racecourses and clubs. The site where the Girls’ High School stands today once housed Forbes’ residence. In its time, this kothi was a hub of European social life.

Another European who lived in [[Purnia]] for an extended period was Palmer<ref>{{cite web|title =Bihar villagers desecrate graves of British officials in search of valuables|url =https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/bihar-villagers-desecrate-graves-of-british-officials-in-search-of-valuables-1.87264743|access-date=2026-01-08}}</ref>. He purchased a local royal estate and settled in the region. Today, the grand residence of the Hays family serves as the main building of Purnia College.

Opposite Forbes’ residence once stood the house of a prominent [[indigo]] planter. It is believed that the racecourse in Purnia was developed by this planter, William Terry. Terry is remembered controversially and is often described as oppressive in local memory.

[[Indigo]] cultivation in Purnia was first introduced by an Englishman named John Kelly. Subsequently, several Europeans expanded indigo farming in the region. The Shillingford family was among the most prominent, establishing indigo factories (neel kothis) in areas such as Neelganj, Mahendrapur, and Bhavbada.

These European gentleman farmers played a significant role in transforming ''Purainiya'' into modern Purnia. They contributed extensively to urban planning and settlement. The town was characterized by open spaces, abundant greenery, and the influence of the [[Saura river|Saura]] and [[Kosi river|Kosi]] rivers, along with their numerous tributaries flowing around the city. European settlers constructed elegant residences both within the town and in surrounding areas. In 1882, [[Loreto Convent, Darjeeling|Loreto Convent]] of [[Darjeeling]] established a residential school in [[Purnia]] specifically for the children of these European gentleman farmers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=शहरनामाः खेत पूर्णिया का जमींदार यूरोप के |url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/tale-of-a-city-purnea-the-land-of-purnea-and-landlords-were-from-europe-1-1156367.html |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=aajtak.intoday.in |language=hi}}</ref>

== Tourism ==
Purnea is home to several significant religious sites attracting devotees from across the region.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Place of Interest in Purnea|url=https://purnea.nic.in/places-of-interest/}}</ref>
[[File:Puran Devi Mandir Purnea.jpg|thumb|Maa Puran Devi Mandir, Purnea City|center|200x200px]]
* '''Purandevi Mandir''' – Dedicated to Maa Puran Devi, believed to be one of the Sidh Peethas, drawing large crowds during [[Durga Puja]], situated at Purnea City.
[[File:City Kali Mandir Purnea.jpg|thumb|City Kali Mandir, Purnea City|center|200x200px]]
*'''City Kali Bari''' – A revered Kali temple, situated on the bank of [[Saura river]]. Established by the Bengali community, this temple follows traditional Bengali customs and rituals.
[[File:Mata Sthan Purnea.jpg|thumb|Mata Sthan, Adampur Purnea|center|200x200px]]
*'''Mata Sthan''' – A well-known pilgrimage site dedicated to Goddess Shakti, situated at Adampur.
[[File:Panchmukhi Mandir Purnia.jpg|thumb|Panchmukhi Mandir, Forbesganj More, Purnea|center|200x200px]]
*'''Panchmukhi Mandir''' – A temple devoted to Lord Hanuman, known for its five-faced idol at Forbesganj More {{jct|NH|231|country=IND}}.
[[File:Aastha Mandir Purnea.jpg|thumb|Aastha Mandir, Jail Chowk, Purnea|center|200x200px]]
*'''Aastha Mandir''' – A modern temple serving as a center for religious and community gatherings, devoted to [[Krishna]].
[[File:Prahalad Sthambh Purnea.jpg|thumb|Prahalad Sthambh, Banmankhi, Purnea|center|200x200px]]
*'''[[Prahlad Stambh|Prahalad Sthambh]]''' – Associated with the [[Narasimha]]-[[Prahlad]] legend, symbolizing devotion and righteousness. It is situated at [[Banmankhi]].
[[File:Kamakhya Mandir Purnea.jpg|thumb|Kamakhya Mandir, Majra, Purnea|center|200x200px]]
*'''Kamakhya Mandir''' – Inspired by Assam’s [[Kamakhya Temple]], known for Tantric rituals, situated at Majra.
[[File:Dhima Shiv Temple Purnea.jpg|thumb|Dhima Shiv Temple, Banmankhi, Purnea|center|200x200px]]
*'''Dhima Shiv Temple''' – A sacred Shiva temple, particularly significant during Mahashivaratri, is situated in [[Banmankhi]].

==Geography==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}

Purnia and its surrounding lands lie in the [[sub-montane]] alluvial tract of the [[Gangetic Plain]]. The city however lies on the banks of numerous tributaries of the [[Koshi River]]. Two major rivers traverse Purnia city with the [[Kari Kosi]] river on the western end and the [[Saura river]] on the eastern end. The main city is situated between these two rivers.

Purnia city has an area of {{convert|92|km2||abbr=}}.

==Climate==

Purnia is known for its favourable climate; it has earned the name "Mini [[Darjeeling]]" for this reason. Purnia has a largely humid climate, with the highest level of rainfall in Bihar state and humidity rising to above 70%. A cold season, from November to February, is followed by a hot season from March to June. The [[monsoon]] season begins in early June and lasts until September; 82% of its total annual rainfall falls during the monsoon season.

January, the coldest month, has a mean daily minimum temperature of 5 to 10 °C and a mean daily maximum of 20 to 25 °C. Wind is typically light in the non-monsoon seasons but during the monsoon, storms and depressions originating in the [[Bay of Bengal]] cause heavy rain and strong winds.

{{Weather box
|location = Purnia (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 29.3
| Feb record high C = 35.3
| Mar record high C = 40.6
| Apr record high C = 43.3
| May record high C = 43.9
| Jun record high C = 43.5
| Jul record high C = 38.9
| Aug record high C = 38.2
| Sep record high C = 37.4
| Oct record high C = 36.6
| Nov record high C = 34.8
| Dec record high C = 31.6
|year record high C = 43.9
| Jan high C = 22.5
| Feb high C = 27.2
| Mar high C = 32.2
| Apr high C = 35.1
| May high C = 34.8
| Jun high C = 34.4
| Jul high C = 33.3
| Aug high C = 33.5
| Sep high C = 33.3
| Oct high C = 32.5
| Nov high C = 29.9
| Dec high C = 25.3
| year high C = 31.2
| Jan low C = 9.0
| Feb low C = 11.6
| Mar low C = 16.1
| Apr low C = 20.4
| May low C = 23.4
| Jun low C = 25.1
| Jul low C = 25.7
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 24.8
| Oct low C = 21.5
| Nov low C = 15.2
| Dec low C = 10.5
| year low C = 19.2
| Jan record low C = 1.3
| Feb record low C = 1.7
| Mar record low C = 5.4
| Apr record low C = 10.4
| May record low C = 15.0
| Jun record low C = 17.8
| Jul record low C = 20.7
| Aug record low C = 19.6
| Sep record low C = 18.0
| Oct record low C = 10.0
| Nov record low C = 4.6
| Dec record low C = 2.1
|year record low C = 1.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 8.2
| Feb rain mm = 8.2
| Mar rain mm = 14.9
| Apr rain mm = 45.5
| May rain mm = 140.6
| Jun rain mm = 284.6
| Jul rain mm = 350.6
| Aug rain mm = 301.7
| Sep rain mm = 310.6
| Oct rain mm = 81.3
| Nov rain mm = 5.0
| Dec rain mm = 4.0
| year rain mm = 1555.2
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 1.0
| Mar rain days = 1.2
| Apr rain days = 2.9
| May rain days = 6.1
| Jun rain days = 10.8
| Jul rain days = 14.9
| Aug rain days = 13.4
| Sep rain days = 11.4
| Oct rain days = 3.2
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.5
|year rain days = 66.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 79
| Feb humidity = 65
| Mar humidity = 50
| Apr humidity = 53
| May humidity = 64
| Jun humidity = 75
| Jul humidity = 81
| Aug humidity = 82
| Sep humidity = 84
| Oct humidity = 80
| Nov humidity = 80
| Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 73
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name="IMDnormals">{{Cite web |date=January 2015 |title=Station: Purnea Climatological Table 1981–2010 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |website=Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |pages=631–632}}</ref><ref name="IMDextremes">{{Cite web |date=December 2016 |title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |page=M37}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{See also|List of cities in Bihar by population}}
As of the 2011 census, Purnia Municipal Corporation had a total population of 282,248, of which 148,077 were males and 134,171 were females.<ref name="MCorpPop">{{Cite book |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1009_PART_B_DCHB_PURNIA.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Purnia |publisher=censusindia.gov.in |year=2014 |page=24 |access-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516151107/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1009_PART_B_DCHB_PURNIA.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> It had a sex ratio of 906 females to 1,000 males. The population below 6 years was 43,050. The literacy rate for the 6+ population was 73.02%, compared to the 74.04% national average.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2012 |access-date=2012-04-16 |website=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011}}</ref> Purnia Urban Agglomeration, comprising Purnia Municipal Corporation and [[Kasba (Purnia)|Kasba]] (Nagar Panchayat),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituents of urban Agglomerations Having Population 1 Lakh & above |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023808/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=2012-04-16 |website=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011}}</ref> had a population of 310,817 in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226074535/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf%20 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=2012-04-16 |website=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011}}</ref>

===Religion and language===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|float=center
|caption = Languages spoken in Purnia City (2011)<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in</ref>
|label1= [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|value1= 54.96
|color1 =orange
|label2= [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|value2 = 14.86
|color2 =green
|label3 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
|value3 = 8.58
|color3 =red
|label4 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value4 = 8.19
|color4 =yellow
|label5 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]
|value5 = 2.31
|color5 =brown
|label6 = [[Bhojpuri  language|Bhojpuri]]
|value6 = 1.60
|color6 =pink
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 9.46
|color7 =blue
}}
{{bar box|width = 250px
|barwidth = 100px |cellpadding="0"
|align = left
|titlebar = #FCD116
|title=Religions in Purnia City (2011)
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=center
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|DarkOrange|75.19 }}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|Green|23.26}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.60}}
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|Darkkhaki|0.12}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|Pink|0.35}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|0.52}}}}

According to the 2011 census of India, 75.19% of Purnia's residents practice [[Hinduism]]. [[Islam]] is the second most popular at 23.26%. [[Christianity]], [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]], and [[Buddhism]] are among the other minority religions. 0.52% practice other religions and 0.1% no particular religion.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

[[Maithili language|Maithili]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranjan |first=Manish |title=Bihar Samanya Gyan |date=19 January 2021 |isbn=9789386300850 |pages=111 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan }}</ref> is the native language of [[Purnia]], including its [[Angika]] and [[Eastern Maithili|Purbi Maithili]] dialects. [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]], the official languages of the state of [[Bihar]], are widely spoken. [[Bengali language|Bengali]] is also used by sections of the population. [[Bhojpuri  language|Bhojpuri]], [[Surjapuri]], [[Santali language|Santali]], and [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] are spoken by minority communities. [[English language|English]] is commonly used as a secondary language and is taught in English-medium schools.

==Administration==
[[Purnia]] serves as a major administrative hub in North-Eastern [[Bihar]]. It functions as the headquarters for several regional and district-level governing bodies:

*[[Purnia District]]: The city is the seat of the District Magistrate and Collector.
*[[Purnia Division]]: It acts as the divisional headquarters, overseeing the districts of [[Purnia district|Purnia]], [[Araria district|Araria]], [[Katihar district|Katihar]], and [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]].
*Regional Offices: Hosts various Bihar Government regional offices, including those for education, health, and infrastructure development.

===Civic Administration===
The Purnia Urban Agglomeration is governed by two distinct municipal bodies responsible for providing essential utility services, infrastructure development, and sanitation.

'''Purnia Municipal Corporation'''<ref>{{cite web|title =Official Website of Purnia Municipal Corporation|url =https://purneanagarnigam.net/bmc/public|access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref>
*The [[Purnia Municipal Corporation]] (PMC) is the primary civic body for the city.
*Area: Approximately {{Convert|60|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|2}}
*Wards: The corporation is divided into 46 administrative wards.
*Responsibilities: Management of water supply, solid waste, street lighting, and urban planning within the core city limits.

'''Kasba Municipality'''<ref>{{cite web|title =Official Website of Kasba Municipality|url =https://www.nagarparishadkasba.com/|access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref>
*The Kasba Municipality oversees the northern part of the urban sprawl.
*Area: Approximately {{Convert|32|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|2}}
*Wards: Divided into 26 wards.
*Responsibilities: Providing civic amenities and regulatory oversight for the [[Kasba, Purnia|Kasba]] suburban area.

===Law Enforcement===
Law and order in the city and its outskirts are maintained by the [[Bihar Police|Purnia Police]]. The urban area is served by several specialized and territorial police stations and Town Outposts (TOP).<ref>{{cite web|title =Police Station in Purnia|url =https://gis.bihar.gov.in/DEPTS/RCD.aspx|access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title =Police Station in Purnia|url =https://police.bihar.gov.in/en/Search_PS.aspx|access-date=9 January 2026}}</ref>

'''Police Stations (Thana)'''
 The primary police stations handling investigations and security include:

*Khazanchi Hat Police Station
*Sadar Police Station
*Madhubani Police Station
*Mufassil Police Station
*Maranga Police Station
*Sahayak Khazanchi Hat Police Station

'''Specialized Units'''
*Mahila Police Station
*Cyber Police Station
*SC and ST Police Station
*Traffic Police Station

'''Town Outposts (TOP)'''
 Smaller units focused on localized patrolling and immediate response:

*Purnea City OP
*Bhatta Bazar TOP
*Gulabbagh TOP
*Katihar More TOP
*Fanishwar Nath Renu TOP (named after the renowned local author)
*Sudin Chowk TOP

==Economy==

In recent years, Purnia is has become a regional epicenter for the service and automobile sectors.
Primarily, [[Gulabbagh]], Khuskibagh, [[Line Bazar Purnia|Line Bazar]], Bhatta Bazar, Madhubani Bazar, City Industrial Estate and Maranga Outgrowth Centre are the prime locations for the economic activities.

===Gulabbagh and Khuskibagh===

Gulabbagh and Khuskibagh are situated at eastern outskirts of main city, and known for their famous agriculture markets (in local language ''mandi''). Many merchants come from [[Nepal]] and [[West Bengal]] to purchase supplies of raw materials, especially [[Maize]]. GulabBagh in Purnia houses a major grain storehouse and is Asia's largest [[maize]] trading center. This location as well as central and eastern Bihar supply the grain requirements of [[Bengal]], [[Nepal]], and the states of [[Northeast India]]. Numerous highways in Purnia, including {{jct|NH|27|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|231|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|131A|country=IND}} provide excellent connectivity to all parts of [[India]]. Khuskibagh has fruit and vegetable markets that are close to {{stnlnk|Purnia Junction}} (station code: PRNA), which provides rail connectivity.

==Healthcare==

Purnia has one government medical college hospital, several government Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHCs), and numerous private hospitals that provide healthcare services to the city and surrounding regions.

===Government Hospital===

*[[Government Medical College and Hospital, Purnea]]<ref>{{cite web| url =https://gmchpurnea.com/|title =Official Website of GMCH, Purnea | access-date = 8 January 2026}}</ref>

===Government UPHC===
Source:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://statehealthsocietybihar.org/administrative/UPHC_contacts.pdf |title = State Health Society, Bihar; UPHC Contacts| work= Page 3 |publisher=State Health Society, Bihar | access-date = 8 January 2026}}</ref>
*UPHC, Gulabbagh
*UPHC, Mata Chowk
*UPHC, Madhubani
*UPHC, Purnea Court
*UPHC, Purnea City

==Education==
[[File:Law College,Purnea.jpg|thumb|BMT Law College, Purnea]]
Purnia has historically been a center of education in the North Bihar region. The Zila School, founded in 1800 during the period of [[British Raj|British rule]], is the oldest school in Purnia and one of the largest in the city. [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], Garhbanaili (located 14 km from the main city), is a prestigious government-run school.<ref>{{cite web|title=JNV Purnea Website|url=https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/nvs-school/PURNEA/en/home/}}</ref> Vidya Vihar Residential School, a leading boarding school in Bihar, has its campus in Parora, Purnia.<ref>{{cite web|title=VVRS Website|url=https://www.vvrs.org/}}</ref> G D Goenka Public School, one of India's leading school chains, established its third campus in Bihar in Purnia, following those in [[Patna]] and [[Gaya, India|Gaya]]. Purnia also has a [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=KV Purnia Website|url=https://purnia.kvs.ac.in/}}</ref>

===Colleges===
Purnea has several colleges offering higher education in disciplines such as [[engineering]], [[law]], [[arts]], and [[home science]]. These institutions are recognized by the state government and affiliated with various universities, including [[Aryabhatta Knowledge University]], [[Bihar Agricultural University]], and [[Purnea University]].

The major colleges in Purnia include:
* Purnea College<ref>{{cite web|title=Purnea College Official Website|url=https://purneacollege.ac.in/}}</ref>
* Purnea Mahila College<ref>{{cite web|title=Purnea Mahila Official Website|url=https://www.purneamahilacollege.ac.in/}}</ref>
* [[Purnea College of Engineering]]<ref>{{cite web|title=PCE Official Website|url=https://www.pcepurnia.org/}}</ref>
* [[Government Medical College and Hospital, Purnea]]<ref>{{cite web|title=GMCH Purnea Official Website|url=https://gmchpurnea.com/}}</ref>
* Bhola Paswan Shastri Agricultural College<ref>{{cite web|title=BPSAC Website|url=https://bausabour.ac.in/college-homepage.aspx?cc=002}}</ref>
* B.M.T. Law College<ref>{{cite web|title=BMT Official Website|url=https://www.bmtlawcollege.org/}}</ref>
* Government Polytechnic of Purnea<ref>{{cite web|title=GP Purnea Website|url=https://www.gppurnea.in/}}</ref>
* [[Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology]]
* Millia Group of Colleges (managed by Millia Education Trust)
* Millia Institute of Technology
* Millia Polytechnic, Rambagh
* Simanchal Institute of Medical Science, Kasba
* Shershah Institute of Medical Sciences
* Medical College and Hospital by Millia Educational Trust

Additionally, a 3D animation and multimedia institute is located in Madhubani Bazar.

=== Healthcare ===
The [[Indian Red Cross Society]] operates the second-largest blood bank in Bihar, with a capacity of 1,000 units, following the one in [[Patna]]. The [[Bihar government]] has recently inaugurated one of three megastock warehouses for medicines at [[Kasba (Purnia)|Kasba]], which serves 13 districts of North Bihar.

=== Sports and recreation ===
The Indira Gandhi Stadium houses a [[Sports Authority of India]] sports hostel for athletes. The DSA and Zila School grounds serve as the city's outdoor stadiums. In January 2025, the [[Bihar government]] announced the construction of a modern sports complex at Rangbhumi Maidan in Purnia at a cost of ₹42 crore. The project aims to provide advanced facilities for local athletes, enabling them to perform excellently at the state and national levels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=पूर्णिया में 40 करोड़ की लागत से बनने वाले स्पोर्ट्स कॉम्पलेक्स के लिए जिला अधिकारी ने किया निरीक्षण|url=https://www.hindusthansamachar.in/Encyc/2025/2/25/Sports-complex-will-be-built-in-Purnia-at-a-cost-o.php}}</ref>

=== University ===
Purnia is home to [[Purnea University]], the ninth university in Bihar. It is the only university in the [[Purnia division|Purnia Commissionerate]] and includes affiliated colleges from the districts of [[Purnia district|Purnia]], [[Katihar district|Katihar]], [[Araria district|Araria]], and [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Purnea University Official Website|url=https://purneau.ac.in/}}</ref>

==Transportation==

===Airways===
[[File:Four Indian Air Force MI-17 V5 Medium Lift Helicopter on standby at Air Force Station Purnea (in Bihar) as part of flood relief operations being undertaken in Bihar on August 04, 2014.jpg|thumb|Helicopter at Air Force Station Purnea|center|200x200px]]
[[File:Pxn purnea airport.jpg|thumb|Terminal Building of Purnea Airport|center|200x200px]]
* '''[[Purnia Airport]]''' (IATA: PXN, ICAO: VEPU), is located within the cantonment area and used by both army and commercial purpose, which is approximately 5 km from the city center. The airport operates scheduled flights for Delhi, Kolkata, Ahmedabad and Hyderabad.

===Railways===
[[File:Seemanchal at Purnia.jpg|thumb|Purnia Junction|center|250x200px]]
* '''{{stnlnk|Purnia Junction}}''' ''(station code: PRNA)'' is situated on [[Jogbani–Katihar line]] of the [[Northeast Frontier Railway]] (NFR), which is located 7 km from the city centre, and closer to the residents of Khuskibagh, [[Gulabbagh]], and Eastern Purnia. This station have good connectivity to {{stnlnk|Jogbani}}, {{stnlnk|Katihar}}, {{stnlnk|Barauni}}, {{stnlnk|Danapur}}, {{stnlnk|Muzaffarpur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Darbhanga}}, {{stnlnk|Samastipur}}, {{stnlnk|Siliguri Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Malda Town}}, {{stnlnk|Kolkata}}, {{stnlnk|Prayagraj Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Kanpur Central}}, {{stnlnk|Anand Vihar Terminal}}, {{stnlnk|Perambur}} and {{stnlnk|Erode}}. It is served by both Indian Railways premium trains; '''[[Vande Bharat Express]]''' & '''[[Amrit Bharat Express]]'''.

[[File:Purnia Court.jpg|thumb|Purnia Court railway station|center|250x200px]]
*'''{{stnlnk|Purnia Court}}''' ''(station code: PRNC)'' is located in main city area, serving [[Saharsa–Purnia line]] of the [[East Central Railway]] (ECR), and caters to the residents of Madhubani, Janta Chowk, [[Line Bazar Purnia|Line Bazar]], Central and Western Purnia. Many [[Express trains in India|express trains]] originate from this station, that provides connectivity to {{stnlnk|Banmankhi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Dauram Madhepura}}, {{stnlnk|Saharsa Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Khagaria Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Begusarai}}, {{stnlnk|Patna Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Gaya Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bokaro}}, {{stnlnk|Ranchi}}, {{stnlnk|Chhapra Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur}}, {{stnlnk|Gonda Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Sitapur}}, {{stnlnk|Bareilly Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Moradabad}}, {{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment}}, {{stnlnk|Ludhiana}}, {{stnlnk|Jalandhar City}} & {{stnlnk|Amritsar}}.

===Roadways===
[[File:NH-231 Purnea.jpg|thumb|NH-231 at Purnea College of Engineering|center|250x200px]]
[[File:NH-131A,Ranipatra.jpg|thumb|NH-131A Purnea-Manihari Highway|center|250x200px]]

National Highways namely {{jct|NH|31|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|27|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|231|country=IND}}, {{jct|NH|131A|country=IND}} make Purnia accessible to the people from nearby cities & states while [[state highways]] connect the other neighbouring cities and villages to the main city area.

* '''{{jct|NH|27|country=IND}}''', also known as the ''[[North–South and East–West Corridor|East–West Corridor]]'', passes through [[Purnia]]. The corridor runs from [[Silchar]] to [[Porbandar]], providing the city with excellent connectivity across [[India]]. It connects Purnia to major cities such as [[Silchar]], [[Guwahati]], [[Siliguri]], [[Kolkata]], [[Kishanganj]], and [[Dalkhola]] in the east, and [[Lucknow]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Supaul]], [[Jogbani]], [[Forbesganj]], and [[Araria]] in the west.

*'''{{jct|NH|231|country=IND}}''', which provides regional connectivity within [[Bihar]], also passes through [[Purnia]]. It starts from [[Korha, Katihar|Korha]], at its junction with '''[[National Highway 31 (India)|NH-31]]''', connecting the city to [[Bhagalpur]], [[Munger]], [[Khagaria]], [[Begusarai]], [[Patna]], and [[List of cities in Bihar by population|several other cities in Bihar]]. [[National Highway 231 (India)|NH-231]] further connects [[Purnia]] to [[Madhepura]] and [[Saharsa]]. The Khagaria–Purnia section, under NH-31 and NH-231, is currently being upgraded to a four-lane highway.

*'''{{jct|NH|131A|country=IND}}''', originates in [[Purnia]] and is a four-lane national highway connecting the city to [[Katihar]], [[Manihari]], [[Sahibganj]], and [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]]. It serves as an important route linking [[Nepal]] with [[Jharkhand]], facilitating interstate and cross-border connectivity.

*The '''Patna–Purnia Expressway''' is an under-construction greenfield national expressway connecting the state capital [[Patna]] to [[Purnia]]. Designated as [[File:NE9-IN.svg|24px]], the expressway starts in [[Vaishali district]] and passes through [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]], [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]], [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]], and [[Madhepura district|Madhepura districts]], before terminating in [[Purnia district]]. The expressway has a total length of approximately 244 km.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patna-Purnia Expressway NE-9|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-patnapurnia-expressway-indias-9th-expressway-40065511.html|access-date=1 January 2026}}</ref>

==Notable events==
Phanishwar Nath Renu's popular story "Maare Gaye Gulfam" which was adapted into a film ''[[Teesri Kasam]]'' (The Third Vow), by [[Basu Bhattacharya]] (produced by the poet-lyricist [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]) in 1966 was shot in Purnia, in which old Purnea is pictured, especially 'the Gulabbag Mela'.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

Purnia held the record for making and displaying the world's longest [[tricolour (flag)|tricolour]] flag, with the length measured at 7,100 metres (7.1 km) before it was broken on 12 August 2019 by [[Raipur]], [[Chhattisgarh|Chattisgadh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=7km-long tricolour to be hoisted in Purnia on Aug 20 - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 August 2016 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/7km-long-tricolour-to-be-hoisted-in-Purnia-on-Aug-20/articleshow/53728480.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823214626/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/7km-long-tricolour-to-be-hoisted-in-Purnia-on-Aug-20/articleshow/53728480.cms |archive-date=23 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-20 |title=World Largest Flag Purnea Bihar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVtrfxpU-6Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208220642/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVtrfxpU-6Y |archive-date=8 February 2017 |access-date=2016-08-23 |website=1st News 24x7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="Human Chain" Unfurls 15-Km-Long Tricolour In Chattisgarh, Enters Record |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/human-chain-unfurls-15-km-long-tricolour-in-chattisgarh-enters-champions-book-of-world-records-2083720 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204154534/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/human-chain-unfurls-15-km-long-tricolour-in-chattisgarh-enters-champions-book-of-world-records-2083720 |archive-date=4 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-04 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Notable people==

* [[Raja Bahadur Kirtyanand Sinha]] (1880–1938), patron and known for charitable works
*[[Syed Abdus Samad (footballer)]] (1895–1964), footballer
* [[Satinath Bhaduri]] (1906–1965), novelist and politician
* [[Phanishwar Nath 'Renu']] (1921–1977), novelist
* [[Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay]] (1899–1979), playwright and poet
* [[Bhola Paswan Shastri]], three-time Chief Minister of Bihar
* [[Awadhesh Kumar Bharti|Air Marshal A.K.Bharti]], Deputy chief of the Air Staff, [[Indian Air Force]]
* Alo Roy, noted Bengali poet, story writer and cultural organiser
* [[Sushant Singh Rajput]], actor
* [[Gurmeet Choudhary]], actor
* [[Elizabeth Sharaf un-Nisa]], 18th century Mughal noble

==See also==
* [[Chunapur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Chakrabarti D.K. (1996b). From Purnea to Champaran: The distribution of sites in the north Bihar plains. South Asian Studies, 12: pp. 147–158
{{Purnia Division}}
{{Dalkhola topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Purnia| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Purnia district]]

Usha Yadav

2026-03-10T04:28:47Z

NydiaChiodo9: starting the details with sources

{{Short description|Indian educationist (born 1948)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Usha Yadav
| birth_date = 1948
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]], India
| occupation = {{Hlist|Educationist|writer|president, Literary and Cultural Organization Indradhanush|secretary, [[Oriental Research Institute Mysore|Oriental Research Institute]]}}
| spouse = Dr. Raj Kishore Singh
| children = 3
| parents = Chandrapal Singh Mayank
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
| education = [[Ph.D.]] [[D. Litt ]]
| alma_mater = [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]] [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]]
| notable_works = ''Kahe Ri Nalini''
| image = Dr Usha Yadav Photo.jpg
| honorific_prefix = [[Padma Shri]]
}}

'''Usha Yadav''' is an Indian educationist, writer of contemporary [[Hindi literature]], and recipient of the [[Padma Shri]] award.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Meet the educators that were honored with the Padma awards 2021 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/edugraph/news/padma-awards-2021-meet-some-educators-honoured-for-their-contribution-to-education-and-research/cid/1838990 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> She has been a faculty member at [[Central Institute of Hindi|Central Institute of Hindi, Agra]], [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]], and Kanhaiyalal Maniklal Munshi Institute of Hindi. She is the President of the Literary and Cultural Organization Indradhanush and Secretary of the [[Oriental Research Institute Mysore|Oriental Research Institute]]. She has been honored with over 10 major accolades, including the highest honour of children's literature, the Balsahitya Bharti by [[Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan|UP Hindi Sansthan]], [[Lucknow]]. She has published more than a hundred books, out of which her novel 'Kahe Ri Nalini' was awarded the All India Veersingh Dev Award by Sahitya Academy, [[Madhya Pradesh]]. In 2021, she was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]] in the field of Hindi literature and education at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi]] by the Government of India, which is the fourth-highest civilian award of the [[India|Republic of India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=सम्मान: आगरा की साहित्यकार डॉ. उषा यादव को आज मिलेगा पद्मश्री, सौ से अधिक पुस्तकें लिखीं |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/dr-usha-yadav-will-get-padma-shri-award-belongs-from-agra |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-31 |title=डॉ. उषा यादव ने कलम से पाई सफलता! कभी पति से डरकर जला देती थी रचनाएं, अब मिलेगा पद्मश्री |url=https://nari.punjabkesari.in/nari/news/dr-usha-yadav-received-padma-shri-award-1323806 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=punjabkesarinari}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Born in 1948 in Kanpur,<ref>{{Cite web |title=डा. ऊषा यादव को मिला पदमश्री सम्मान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/dr-usha-yadav-got-padma-shri-the-literary-world-of-the-city-giggled-agra-city-news-agr5141690174 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> Usha spent her childhood in the city and attended school and college there as well.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":3" />

Since childhood, Dr. Usha Yadav had a passion for writing poems, which began at the age of nine when her first poem was published in her school magazine.<ref name=":0" /> Her father, Chandrapal Singh Mayank, was a child litterateur<ref name=":1" /> and advocate which led to him wanting Usha to pursue a career in law.<ref name=":2" /> However, her interest laid in teaching and writing,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Padma Shri Award 2021: पिता की विरासत को संभाल फलक पर पहुंची बेटी ने बढ़ाया कानपुर का मान |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-city-usha-yadav-of-kanpur-got-padma-shri-award-for-her-hindi-literature-21309224.html |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> and she passed high school at the age of 12.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=उपाध्याय |first=नितिन |date=2021-01-27 |title=साहित्यकार उषा यादव को मिलेगा पद्म श्री पुरस्कार, बोलीं- साहित्य को घुट्टी में पीया है |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/writer-professor-usha-yadav-of-agra-to-get-padma-shri-award-for-hindi-literature-ann-1743427 |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>

In 1966 she moved to [[Agra]] to marry her husband Dr. Raj Kishore Singh,<ref name=":4" /> a retired professor and former member of the Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Service Commission.<ref name=":3" /> Usha was passionate about writing, but due to fear of her husband's disapproval, she would burn her work. One day he discovered her writings and instead of reprimanding her, he encouraged her to continue writing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=न लेखनी थकी और न ही कभी कलम, पद्मश्री डा. उषा यादव से जानिए उनकी कहानी |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-international-women-day-padam-shri-usha-yadav-told-her-story-of-success-22513216.html |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Usha stayed in Agra for the next 30 years, working as a teacher and professor<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /> whilst her family, including two sons and a daughter Kamna Singh, settled there.<ref name=":1" />

Usha completed her [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University|Kanpur University]] (now [[Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University]])<ref name=":3" /> and then went on to attain her [[Doctor of Letters|D. Litt]] from [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University|Agra University]].<ref name=":0" /> After this, she took up a teaching position in an educational institution in Agra.<ref name=":3" /> Later, she was appointed as a Professor at [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] in Agra, from where she retired.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to her academic career, Dr. Usha Yadav has also been actively involved in the preservation of Braj culture. Her articles have been published in various newspapers and magazines, and she has authored more than 100 books, including the story collection ''Tukde Tukde Sukh, Sapno Ka Indradhanush, Novel Aankhon Ka Akash, and Prakash Ki Or''.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=आगरा की साहित्यकार उषा यादव को पद्मश्री सम्मान, कहा- लंबी साधना का फल मिला |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/agra/agra-writer-usha-yadav-get-padma-shri-award-for-literature-on-republic-day |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Dr. Usha Yadav has been recognized for her novel "Dhoop" with the [[Human rights commission|National Human Rights Commission]]'s Mahatma Gandhi Biennial Hindi Writing Award.<ref name=":1" /> She has also been awarded the Bal Sahitya Bharti Puraskar in 1998 from Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthan,<ref name=":5" /> the Meera Smriti Samman from Meera Foundation in [[Allahabad]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Award 2021: आज शाम आगरा के साहित्यजगत को गौरावन्वित करेंगी प्रो. उषा यादव |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-dr-usha-yadav-the-litterateur-of-agra-will-get-padma-shri-award-this-evening-22190662.html |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> the Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Akademi Award<ref name=":1" /> and more than 10 other awards including the [[Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards]] from the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh Government]] in 2004.<ref name=":5" /> She was also honored by Child Welfare and Children's Literature Research Center in [[Bhopal]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Award 2021: ताजनगरी के लिए कल का दिन होगा खास, डा. ऊषा यादव को मिलेगा पद्मश्री सम्मान |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/agra-city-dr-usha-yadav-of-agra-will-get-padma-shri-award-tomorrow-22187531.html |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Usha}}
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University alumni]]
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]

Pudhu Yugam (1954 film)

2026-03-04T05:06:27Z

NydiaChiodo9: Article!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pudhu-yugam.jpg
| director = Gopu, Sundar
| producer = [[G. Ramanathan]]
| writer = [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[S. A. Natarajan]] [[P. V. Narasimha Bharathi]] [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] [[M. S. Draupadi]] [[S. V. Subbaiah]] [[M. Saroja]]
| narrator =
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]]
| cinematography = M. R. Purushothaman
| editing = D. R. Gopu
| studio = Sri Sai Ghaanamrudha Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1954|6|4|ref1=}}
| runtime = 3 hrs. 7 mins
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pudhu Yugam''''' ({{translation|New Era}}) is a 1954 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Gopu and Sundar. The film stars [[S. A. Natarajan]], [[P. V. Narasimha Bharathi]], [[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] and [[M. S. Draupadi]]. It was released on 4 June 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1954 – புதுயுகம் – ஸ்ரீசாய்கானம்மிருத பிக்சர்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails18.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170426014516/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails18.asp |archive-date=26 April 2017 |access-date=26 April 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Professor Raghunath is a social reformer. His younger sister Chellam is a widow. Raghunath plans to remarry her to his student Sekar. Sekar and Chellam beacome very close and as a result, Chellam becomes pregnant before marriage. Raghunath does not know this. He mortgages his house and helps Sekar to establish a business. Sekar becomes rich and makes arrangements to marry a rich girl, Chitra. Chellam pleads with Sekar but he refuses to marry her. Raghunath also talks to Sekar but Sekar is adamant in his decision. Raghunath learns of Chellam's pregnancy and kills himself due to the disgrace. The house is confiscated and Chellam leaves with Raghunath's son Vinodhan. They are looked after by Murugan and Valli who live in the poor quarter. Chellam gives birth to a girl child and she names her Pushpa. She leaves Pushpa with Murugan and Valli and goes away in search of a job. She gets a job as a baby-sitter to Raja, the grandson of a rich old man. She brings up both Vinodhan and Raja who grows up and become a doctor and Police Inspector respectively. Pushpa becomes a nurse. In the meantime, Sekar marries Chitra and begets a girl child, Whether Chellam takes revenge on Sekar, and what happens to the children all form the rest of the story.<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/download/PuthuYugam/Puthu%20Yugam.pdf |title=புதுயுகம் |publisher=Sri Sai Ghaanamrudha Pictures |year=1954 |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=2024-09-08 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
Cast from the song book.<ref name="songbook" />
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
*[[S. A. Natarajan]]
*[[P. V. Narasimha Bharathi|Narasimha Bharathi]]
*[[S. V. Subbaiah]]
*C. S. Pandian
*M. S. Muthukrishnan
*Sai Ram
*Bhairavan
*C. V. V. Panthulu
*[[Samikannu]]
*Govindan
*Gopal
*Krishna Rao
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
*M. S. Draupadi
*[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishnakumari]]
*[[M. Saroja]]
*Vimala
*Rajamani
*Rathnam
{{col-end}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=76 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Length
|-
| "Paramparai Panakkaaran Pole.... Paisavum Naasthithaan" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S. C. Krishnan]] & V. T. Rajagopalan || [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 03:32
|-
| "Jaadhiyile Naanga Thaazhndhavanga" || [[Jikki]], [[N. L. Ganasaraswathi]], [[A. P. Komala]], [[A. G. Rathnamala]] & V. T. Rajagopalan || [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]]|| 03:19
|-
| "Kalaiye Puviyaarai Kavarum" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]|| rowspan="9" |[[A. Maruthakasi]]|| 03:06
|-
| "Kangal Rendum Pesudhe" || A. P. Komala ||
|-
| "Thavare Purindhu Pinnaal" || Jikki || 03:29
|-
| "Pudhu Yugam, Pudhu Yugam" || Jikki & [[P. Leela]]||
|-
| "Naisaana Duty" || rowspan=2|T. S. Bhagavathi ||
|-
| "Penn Madhiyale Mun Madhiyinri" || 03:20
|-
| "Kaadhal Kondu Poovil Vandu" || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]] & P. Leela ||
|-
| "Kalyanam Aagum Munne" || Ghantasala & Jikki || 03:18
|-
| "Vaazhvinile Inba Saubhagyam" || P. Leela ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1954 Indian films]]
[[Category:1954 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]
[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (1977 film)

2026-03-03T23:27:32Z

NydiaChiodo9: Starting First Entry V1

{{Short description|1977 film by Lekh Tandon}}
{{distinguish|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye (2021 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye
| image = Dulhan Wohi Jo Piya Man Bhaaye, 1977 film.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Lekh Tandon]]
| producer = [[Tarachand Barjatya]]
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Prem Krishen]] [[Talluri Rameshwari|Rameshwari]]
| music = [[Ravindra Jain]]
| cinematography = [[:en:Jehangir_Choudhary|Jehangir Choudhary]]
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1977}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = [[₹]]0.9 million
| gross = ₹35 million (worldwide)
}}

'''''Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye''''' ({{translation|Bride is one whom the groom likes}}) is a 1977 Hindi [[musical drama film]]. Produced by [[Tarachand Barjatya]] for [[Rajshri]], the film is directed by Lekh Tandon. The film stars [[Prem Krishen]], [[Talluri Rameshwari|Rameshwari]], [[Madan Puri]], [[Jagdeep]] and [[Iftekhar]]. It was a Super Hit of the year.The music is by [[Ravindra Jain]] who also marked his singing debut with Achra Mein Phoolwa Leke song. The film has the same storyline as ''[[Tamasha (1952 film)|Tamasha]]'' and 1941 Hollywood film ''[[It Started with Eve]]''. The movie was remade in Tamil as ''[[Marumagal (1986 film)|Marumagal]]''.

==Plot==
Seth Harikrishan, the industrialist had as his heir, his only grandson Prem. The grandfather's only desire was to see the bride of his grandson. When he fell seriously ill, his friend and doctor Farid prevailed upon Prem to bring his girl friend Rita, whom he wanted to marry. But as luck would have it, Rita had gone away to Srinagar to participate in a fashion show and she could not return, as due to snowfall all roads were blocked and air service was suspended. To satisfy his dying grandfather, Prem suggested to his company's Public Relations Officer Jagdish to hire a model girl who could pose as Rita for some time. Instead, Jagdish brought an illiterate flower seller girl Kammo, with whom Prem and his sweetheart Rita had many altercations. Kammo settles into the house and wins over Seth Harikrishan and to a degree, even Prem.
But soon Rita returns, followed by her scheming mercenary mother played by [[Shashikala]]. Yet all their forced efforts to win the grandfather's favours fail. Ultimately, on his birthday, Shashikala exposes Kammo's humble background to Dr. Farid. At the party, the flower girl's true identity becomes apparent to everyone. Despite this, Seth Harikrishan announces Prem's engagement to "Rita" (flower girl Kammo), whom he had really liked. An enraged Prem threatens to leave the house along with his girlfriend and her mother. The grandfather does not stop him. Prem rushes to Rita but is shocked to find that without the cushion of his family's wealth, his love and sacrifice hold no meaning for her or her mother. Meanwhile, Kammo, hurt and disillusioned, decides to leave the house for good. Prem realises his mistake and accepts Kammo as his bride.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Prem Krishen]] as Prem
*[[Talluri Rameshwari|Rameshwari]] as Kammo/ fake Rita
*[[Madan Puri]] as Seth Harikrishan, Prem's grandfather
*[[Shyamlee]] as Rita
*[[Iftekhar]] as Dr. Farid
*[[Leela Mishra]] as housekeeper
*[[Shashikala]] as Mrs. Saxena, Rita's mother
*[[Viju Khote]] as traffic Inspector
*[[Jagdeep]] as Jagdish, company PRO
*[[Savita Bajaj]] as Sethji's nurse
*[[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]] as Sethji's domestic help
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==

[[Ravindra Jain]] is the lyricist and composer for all songs.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/dulhan_wahi_jo_piya_man_bhaaye.htm| title = Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaaye : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaaye (1977)}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
! #
! Title
! Singer(s)
! Duration
|-
|1
|"Le Toh Aaye Ho Hame Sapno" (Sajna-O-Sajna)
|[[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]]
|03:34
|-
|2
|"Khushiyan Hi Khushiyan"
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Banashree Sengupta]], [[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]]
|04:56
|-
|3
|"Mangal Bhawan Amangal Hari" (Ramayan – Chaupaiyan)
|Hemlata
|04:59
|-
|4
|"Ab Ranj Se Khushe Se" (Mahv-E-Khayal-E-Yaar Hain)
|Hemlata
|04:33
|-
|5
|"Jaha Prem Ka Paavan Diyara Jale"
|Hemlata
|04:08
|-
|6
|"Puravaiyaa Ke Jhonke Aaye"
|Hemlata
|04:16
|-
|7
|"Shyama O Shyama, Raama Ho Raama"
|Hemlata
|04:56
|-
|8
|"Acharaa Men Phulavaa Lai Ke"
|[[Ravindra Jain]]
|05:28
|-
|9
|"Baj Jayega"<ref>{{cite AV media| url-status = live| archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/vMTcAOW4Tzk| archive-date = 2021-12-11| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMTcAOW4Tzk| title = Baj Jayega - Priyadarshani & Vikram - Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|[[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]]
|04:59
|}

==Box Office==
In India, the film net earnings of ₹22.5 million.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1977.htm| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060428181350/http://boxofficeindia.com/1977.htm| archive-date = 2006-04-28| title = BoxOfficeIndia.Com-The complete hindi film box office site}}</ref>
It was declared a 'Super Hit' at the box office, becoming the seventh-highest grossing Indian film of 1977.

==Awards==
*[[Filmfare Best Dialogue Award]] - [[Vrajendra Gaur]]
*[[Filmfare Best Screenplay Award]] - [[Lekh Tandon]], [[Vrajendra Gaur]], [[Madhusudan Kalekar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=1st Filmfare Awards 1953 |access-date=15 November 2007 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0150417|Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about Indian weddings]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lekh Tandon]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravindra Jain]]
[[Category:Rajshri Productions films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:1977 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Kunjikuruvi

2026-03-03T21:25:55Z

NydiaChiodo9: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kunjikuruvi
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Vinayan]]
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Nedumudi Venu]] [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
| music = [[Mohan Sithara]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Vasantha Films
| distributor = Vasantha Films
| released = {{Film date|1992|08|21|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Kunjikuruvi''''' ( Ammayude Swantham Kunju Mary ) is a 1992 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[Vinayan]]. The film stars [[Nedumudi Venu]] and [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] in lead roles. The film had musical score by [[Mohan Sithara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2611|title=Kunjikkuruvi|accessdate=2014-10-28|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4971|title=Kunjikkuruvi|accessdate=2014-10-28|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kunjikkuruvi-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028163913/http://spicyonion.com/title/kunjikkuruvi-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 October 2014|title=Kunjikkuruvi|accessdate=2014-10-28|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Nedumudi Venu]]
*[[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]]
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Father Francis
*[[Usha (actress)|Usha]] as Jessy

==Soundtrack==
[[Bichu Thirumala]] wrote all the lyrics.

*"Olakayil Tullum" – [[KJ Yesudas]], [[KS Chithra]]
*"Outer Hedge Moha" – [[KS Chithra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0353645|Kunjikkuruvi}}
{{Vinayan}}

[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vinayan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mohan Sithara]]

{{1990s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Neram Pularumbol

2026-03-03T21:06:36Z

NydiaChiodo9: further reworked formatting further

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Neram Pularumbol
| image = Neram-Pularumbol.jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[K. P. Kumaran]]
| producer = K. P. Kumaran
| writer = [[Raghunath Paleri]]
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Mohanlal]] [[Ramya Krishnan]] [[KPAC Lalitha]]
| music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| cinematography = [[Shaji N. Karun]] Vasanth Kumar
| editing = Venugopal
| studio = Giripriya Films
| distributor = Giripriya Films
| released = {{Film date|1986|5|9|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Neram Pularumbol''''' is a 1986 Indian [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]-language film, directed and produced by [[K. P. Kumaran]]. The film stars [[Mammootty]], [[Mohanlal]], [[Ramya Krishnan]] and [[KPAC Lalitha]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1875|title=Neram Pularumpol|accessdate=2014-10-22|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1914|title=Neram Pularumpol|accessdate=2014-10-22|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/neram-pularumbol-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022215230/http://spicyonion.com/title/neram-pularumbol-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 October 2014|title=Neram Pularumbol|accessdate=2014-10-22|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref> It was the Malayalam debut of Ramya Krishnan. Although this was her first film during the shoot, her first release happened to be in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] through the film, '''Vellai Manasu''' (1984).<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Interview with Ramya Krishnan |author=Sujith P. Nair |journal=[[Vanitha]] |date=14 April 2015 |pages=18–20 |language=Malayalam}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Mohanlal]] as Godfree
*[[Mammootty]] as Brother Lawrence
*[[Ramya Krishnan]] as Nancy
*[[KPAC Lalitha]]
*[[Sreenivasan]]
*[[Bharath Gopi]] Father of Nancy
*Nahas
*[[Idavela Babu]]
*[[Jalaja]]
*[[Kannur Sreelatha]]
*[[Kuttyedathi Vilasini]]
*[[Nanditha Bose]]
*[[P. K. Abraham]] as Vicar of Church
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] and the lyrics were written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Ente Manveenayil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[O. N. V. Kurup]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Kannikkathirmani" || [[P. Susheela]] || O. N. V. Kurup ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0234329|Neram Pularumbol}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1986 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Shahjahan (film)

2026-03-03T04:34:27Z

NydiaChiodo9: minor update details for clarity

{{short description|2001 film by K. S. Ravi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shahjahan
| image = Shahjahan film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ravi
| writer = N.
Prasanna Kumar
| screenplay = Ravi
| story = Ravi
| producer = [[R. B. Choudary]]
| starring = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] [[Richa Pallod]] [[Krishna (Malayalam actor)|Krishna]]
| cinematography = [[Arthur A. Wilson]] [[S. Saravanan]] (1 Song)
| editing = V. Jaishankar
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| studio = [[Super Good Films]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2001|11|14}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Shahjahan''''' is a 2001 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[drama film]] written and directed by Ravi and produced by [[R. B. Choudary]]. The film stars [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and [[Richa Pallod]] (in her Tamil debut) in the lead roles, while [[Krishna (Malayalam actor)|Krishna]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] and [[Kovai Sarala]] portray supporting roles. The film, which had music was composed by [[Mani Sharma]].

The film was released on 14 November 2001. The story is about the challenges faced by a relationship expert in his own love life. The film was a moderate success and it completed 125 days theatrical run in theatres across Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8HTLZOHeGc |title="Vijay's Shahjahan was reason for Directing a film after 16 years"- Director Ravi Abbulu {{!}} US 154 |date=7 January 2018 |language=ta |publisher=BehindwoodsTV |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001182729/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8HTLZOHeGc |archive-date=1 October 2022 |url-status=live |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2020 |title='Love Today' to 'Vettaikaran': Ten times when Vijay delivered a super hit film with a debutant director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/love-today-to-vettaikaran-ten-times-when-vijay-delivered-a-super-hit-film-with-a-debutant-director/photostory/76425194.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216154745/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/love-today-to-vettaikaran-ten-times-when-vijay-delivered-a-super-hit-film-with-a-debutant-director/photostory/76425194.cms |archive-date=16 February 2021 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Title: THALAPATHY EPIC COLLECTIONS on X: "In 2001 #Thalapathy ... |url=https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FEIRB5TUUAQ4yPo.jpg&tbnid=LmQQiqo4eVnsjM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https://twitter.com/ThalapathyEpic/status/1459747957259988996&docid=zFY37T15xBAD0M&w=343&h=329&itg=1&hl=en-US&source=sh/x/im/can/1&sfr=vfe |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ashok is a charismatic young man with a profound understanding of the intricate dynamics of love and relationships. He operates in a clandestine world where he assists star-crossed lovers in eloping, defying the stern opposition of their families. Supported by his loyal companions, Boopathi Ramaiyaa and Seenu, Ashok navigates the tumultuous waters of romance with finesse and empathy.

Amidst his endeavors, Ashok's own heart becomes entangled when he encounters Uma Maheshwari, affectionately known as Mahee, a brilliant engineering student whose presence captivates him deeply. Despite harboring a profound crush on Mahee, Ashok opts for silence, haunted by a haunting past incident involving his dear friend, Giri.

In a poignant flashback, the audience is confronted with Giri's tragic tale of unrequited love. Giri's affection for Aisha, a young [[Muslims|Muslim]] woman, ended in heartbreak and tragedy when she tragically took her own life in the face of societal scorn and familial discord triggered by Giri's declaration of love. This in turn caused Giri to go insane and end up in a mental hospital.

When Ashok's friend Raja solicits his aid in winning over a mysterious lady, Ashok altruistically agrees, unaware that the enigmatic maiden is none other than Mahee herself. As Raja and Mahee's clandestine romance blossoms, Ashok remains blissfully oblivious to their burgeoning affection.

However, when Mahee's father discovers their relationship, the young couple turns to Ashok once more, seeking refuge in his expertise. Oblivious to Raja's intentions, Ashok pledges his assistance, unwittingly facilitating Raja's pursuit of Mahee. The revelation strikes Ashok with devastating force as Mahee stands before him, ready to elope with Raja.

Consumed by anguish and heartache, Ashok's world shatters as he realizes the depth of his sacrifice. Despite his torment, Ashok exhibits remarkable resilience and selflessness, orchestrating Raja and Mahee's union even as his own heart breaks.

As the newlyweds flee to Coimbatore to escape Mahee's father's wrath, tragedy strikes once more. In a harrowing confrontation, Mahee's father unleashes his fury upon the trio, culminating in a brutal assault on Ashok. Despite the searing pain of betrayal, Ashok valiantly shields his friends, sacrificing his own safety for their happiness.

The film culminates in a poignant tableau, with Ashok wounded and broken, yet undeterred in his mission to unite kindred souls. As a stranger beseeches him for aid in matters of the heart, Ashok, with a heavy heart, offers his unwavering assistance, embodying the timeless adage that true love knows no bounds, even in the face of personal anguish and sacrifice.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] as Ashok
* [[Richa Pallod]] as Uma Maheshwari "Mahee"
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Boopathi Ramaiyaa
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Jingili
* [[Krishna (Malayalam actor)|Krishna]] as Raja
* [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] in a special appearance in the song, "Sarakka Vachirukkan"
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Ilango, Ashok's father
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Mahee's father
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as a Minister
* Thadi Balaji as Seenu
* [[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashikumar]] as Giri
* [[Kovai Babu]] as Ashok's friend
* [[Shanmugasundaram]] as Aisha's father
* [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Lawyer
* [[N. Mathrubootham|Mathrubootham]] as Dr. M. Das
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Police Inspector
* [[Scissor Manohar]] as College peon
* [[Chaplin Balu]] as Bhoopathi's friend
* Kaka Gopal
* Raneesh as Groom<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4XLEDWUxdE|title=நீ என்ன பெரிய ஆளானு கேட்டாரு 😯 {{!}} Actor Raneesh Interview {{!}} Thalapathy Vijay Movies {{!}} Kumudam|date=22 June 2024|language=ta|access-date=28 December 2025|via=[[YouTube]]|work=[[Kumudam]]|time=16:34-16:44}}</ref>
* Sirish as Sirish
* [[Pasi Sathya]] as Muniyamma
* Jaya Murali as Ashok's mother
* [[Janaki Sabesh]] as Mahee's mother
* [[Sona Heiden]] as Sujatha, Uma's friend
* Banu Balasubramaniam as Giri's mother
* Varsha as Aisha
* Vaani as Aisha's mother
* Padma Chowdary as Sirish's lover
* [[Shobi (choreographer)|Shobi]] as dancer in the song "Kadhal Oru"
* [[Sridhar (choreographer)|Sridhar]] as dancer in the song "Kadhal Oru"
* [[Aruldoss]] as Bhoopathi's friend (uncredited)
* Marthandan as Family planning officer (uncredited)
}}

== Production ==
[[R. B. Choudary]], after the successes of ''[[Poove Unakkaga (film)|Poove Unakkaga]]'' (1996), ''[[Love Today (1997 film)|Love Today]]'' (1997) and ''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]'' (1999), signed on [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] for a project to be directed by [[Vikraman]]. However, Vijay opted against starring in Vikraman's venture and Ravi Appulu was roped in to make a film titled ''Sneha Jahan'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMIL CINEMA 2000 |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U888.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123093354/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/Hot%20News%20Just%20for%20U888.htm |archive-date=23 January 2016 |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=cinematoday2.itgo.com}}</ref> which later became ''Shahjahan'', named after the fifth [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor with the [[Shah Jahan|same name]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tulika |date=7 December 2001 |title=Love's labour lost |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/07shah.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203191513/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/dec/07shah.htm |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=9 November 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The director had previously approached [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] with the script of the film. Although the story takes place in [[Chennai]], the movie was predominantly shot only in [[Vishakhapatnam]] but 50% of the film's portions were shot in Chennai as well.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Sudhir |date=17 October 2015 |title="I like to reinvent myself constantly" |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vikram-on-10-enradhukulla-movie/article7774642.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226225504/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vikram-on-10-enradhukulla-movie/article7774642.ece |archive-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> [[Arthur A. Wilson]] was signed to handle the camera, Mani Sharma to compose the music, [[Vairamuthu]] to write lyrics while Prabhakaran did the art work and Prasanna Kumar has written the dialogue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=9 November 2001 |title=A feast of films |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2001/11/09/stories/2001110901220800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411205211/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2001/11/09/stories/2001110901220800.htm |archive-date=11 April 2014 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack of the film was composed by [[Mani Sharma]], and all lyrics were penned by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isaishop.com/product/shop/audio-cds/others-audio-cds/shahjahan-priyamaanavale/|title=Shahjahan-Priyamanavale|website=Isaishop|access-date=29 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924103551/https://isaishop.com/product/shop/audio-cds/others-audio-cds/shahjahan-priyamaanavale/|archive-date=24 September 2023}}</ref> The song "Minnalai Pidithu" is based on the theme of ''[[The Ghost and the Darkness]]'' (1996).<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=Superhit Tamil songs that were inspired from other songs |url=https://www.suryanfm.in/suryan-stories/superhit-tamilsongs-inspired-from-other-songs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123081550/http://www.suryanfm.in/suryan-stories/superhit-tamilsongs-inspired-from-other-songs/ |archive-date=23 January 2021 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=[[Suryan FM 93.5|Suryan FM]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer!! Lyrics !! Notes
|-
| "Achchacho Punnagai" || [[Udit Narayan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]|| [[Vairamuthu]] || based on "Ammaye Sannaga" from ''[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]''
|-
| "Kadhal Oru" || [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]]|| Vairamuthu|| based on "Ye Mera Jaha" from ''[[Kushi (2001 film)|Kushi]]''
|-
| "Manidha Manidha" || [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]|| Vairamuthu ||
|-
| "May Madham" || [[Devan Ekambaram]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]|| Vairamuthu ||
|-
| "Mellinamae Mellinamae" || [[Harish Raghavendra]]|| Vairamuthu ||
|-
| "Minnalai Pidithu" || [[Unni Menon]]|| Vairamuthu ||
|-
| "Sarakku Vachirukken" || [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Radhika (singer)|Radhika Shashi]]|| Vairamuthu || based on "Aata Kaavala" from ''[[Annayya (2000 film)|Annayya]]''
|}

== Release ==
''Shahjahan'' was released on 14 November 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=9 November 2001 |title=A feast of films |url=http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/09/stories/2001110901220800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030605093230/http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/09/stories/2001110901220800.htm |archive-date=5 June 2003 |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Malathi Rangarajan from ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave the film a positive review claiming that "youth, romance and vibrant music seem to sell at a premium these days" and that ''Shahjahan'' "has all these in ample measure". She added that Richa "has little to do but look good" and Vijay "sparkles in the role of Ashok" while Krishna "fills the bill of a perfect non-action hero".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=23 November 2001 |title=Shahjahan |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970202.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030627112246/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970202.htm |archive-date=27 June 2003 |access-date=14 March 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' rated the film 36 out of 100 and wrote that the makers have erected a puppet Taj Mahal with this Shahjahan as a succession of predictable scenes and weak incidents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=சார்லஸ் |first=தேவன் |date=22 June 2021 |title=பீஸ்ட் : 'நாளைய தீர்ப்பு' டு 'மாஸ்டர்'... விஜய்க்கு விகடனின் மார்க்கும், விமர்சனமும் என்ன? #Beast |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008100344/https://cinema.vikatan.com/amp/story/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |archive-date=8 October 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2001 |title=ஷாஜஹான் #VikatanReview |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/shahjahan-vikatanreview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407134823/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/shahjahan-vikatanreview |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=7 April 2023 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]]}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' rated the film "above average".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=16 December 2001 |title=ஷாஜகான் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-12-16/page/72/mode/2up |url-status=live |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230721165410/https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-12-16/page/72/mode/2up |archive-date=21 July 2023 |access-date=21 July 2023}}</ref> ''Chennai Online'' wrote "The film opens promisingly enough, with a well choreographed stunt scene, giving hope of more thrills to follow. The story, of a youth who helps out lovers-in-distress, but falters when it comes to his own matters-of-the-heart, had potential to turn into an engaging entertainer. But the first-time director thrusts in a lot of contrived situations, and makes his hero a loser in the end".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chennaionline.com/moviereviews/tammov157.asp|title=Shahjahan|website=Chennai Online|access-date=29 October 2024|first=Malini|last=Mannath|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031211164033/http://chennaionline.com/moviereviews/tammov157.asp|archive-date=11 December 2003}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2001 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:2001 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Super Good Films films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]

Birla Mandir, Jaipur

2026-02-27T04:04:41Z

NydiaChiodo9: Article updated with latest changes

{{About|Birla temple in [[Jaipur]]|other Birla temples in India|Birla Mandir}}
{{short description|Birla Mandir Hindu temple located in Jaipur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Birla Mandir, Jaipur
| coordinates = {{coordinates|26.8921|N|75.8155|E|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| image = Birla Mandir Jaipur (2022-07).jpg
| location = Birla Mandir, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Tilak Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302022, India
| deity = [[Narayana|Narayan]], [[Lakshmi]]
| festivals = [[Diwali]], [[Janamashtami]]
| state = Rajasthan
| country = India
| website = https://myrajasthanivlog.com/birla_mandir_jaipur.html
| architecture_style = Modern
| funded_by = B. M. Birla Foundation
| groundbreaking = 1977
| year_completed = 1988
| materials = White marble
| map_type = India Jaipur#Rajasthan
}}
'''Birla Mandir''' (Lakshmi Narayan Temple) is a [[Hindu temple]] located in [[Jaipur]], India,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/jaipur/birla-mandir/ps39668800.cms|title=Birla Mandir|website=Times of India Travel|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> and is one of many [[Birla Mandir|Birla mandirs]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/travel/jaipur/things-to-do/temples-birla-mandir/|title=Birla Mandir|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> It was built by the [[B. M. Birla|B.M. Birla Foundation]] in 1988 and is constructed solely of [[white marble]].<ref name=":2" /> It is dedicated to the Hindu goddess [[Lakshmi]] and god [[Vishnu]] ([[Narayana|Narayan]]),<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-temples/birla-temple-jaipur.html|title=Birla Temple Jaipur- Birla Mandir Jaipur, Laxmi Narayan Mandir Jaipur India, Birla Temple Rajasthan India|website=www.culturalindia.net|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001145401/https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-temples/birla-temple-jaipur.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> whose images appear inside, along with other [[Hindu deities|Hindu gods and goddesses]] and selections from the [[Bhagavad Gita|Gita]] and [[Upanishads]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jaipur.org.uk/temples/birla-temple.html|title=Birla Temple Jaipur Rajasthan|website=www.jaipur.org.uk|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> It is located in Jaipur's Tilak Nagar neighborhood, near [[Moti Dungri|Moti Dungari]] hill.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Das|first=Joydip|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QBUeCgAAQBAJ&q=birla+mandir+jaipur&pg=PA12|title=Jaipur Pocket Travel Guide|publisher=Bluworlds Guides|year=2015|pages=12}}</ref>

== History ==
Tradition states that a Maharaja sold the [[Birla family]] the land for the temple for one rupee.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indialine.com/travel/rajasthan/jaipur/birla-temple.html|title=Birla Mandir Jaipur, History, Facts and Story of Birla Temple|website=www.indialine.com|access-date=2020-03-23|archive-date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917174940/http://www.indialine.com/travel/rajasthan/jaipur/birla-temple.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jaipurtourism.co.in/laxmi-narayan-temple-birla-mandir-jaipur|title=Laxmi Narayan Temple / Birla Mandir Jaipur, India (Timings, History, Entry Fee, Images, Aarti, Location & Phone) - Jaipur Tourism 2020|website=jaipurtourism.co.in|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Construction began in 1977 under the direction Ramanauj Das and Ghanshyam Birla.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://mysterioustrip.com/birla-mandir-jaipur/|title=Birla Mandir Jaipur - Temple Lakshmi Narayan, Timings, History|last=Sethi|first=Ankit|date=2018-02-11|website=Mysterioustrip|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> It opened on February 22, 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jaipurlove.com/birla-mandir-jaipur/561/|title=Birla Mandir Jaipur - A Must Visit White Marble Structure in All Pink City|last=Harshwal|first=Prateek|date=2018-04-13|website=Jaipur City Travel Guide: Pink City Heritage, Food, Shopping, much more|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The temple is made of white marble. There are four distinct parts of the temple: its sanctum, tower, main hall, and entrance.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Kudelska|first1=Marta|last2=Staszczyk|first2=Agnieszka|last3=Świerzowska|first3=Agata|date=2016|title=Birla Mandirs – The contemporary Hindu temple complexes as an example of modernization by going back to tradition – 2015 fieldwork report|url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=531750|journal=The Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture|volume=1|pages=151–156|via=CEEOL}}</ref> It has three towers, referencing the three main faiths of India,<ref name=":2" /> as well as [[Stained glass|stained glass windows]] depicting traditional Hindu stories.<ref name=":3" /> [[Marble sculpture]]s<ref name=":0" /> also reference [[Hindu mythology]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/destinations/jaipur/birla-temple.html|title=Incredible India {{!}} Birla Temple|website=www.incredibleindia.org|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> It features Hindu deities inside - particularly [[Lakshmi]], [[Narayana|Narayan]], and [[Ganesha|Ganesh]]<ref name=":3" /> - and figures such as [[Jesus|Christ]], the [[Virgin mary|Virgin Mary]], [[St. Peter]], [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]], [[Confucius]], and [[Socrates]] on the outer walls.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> Statues of its founders - Rukmani Devi Birla and [[Brij Mohan Birla|Braj Mohan Birla]] - lie outdoors in covered pavilions, facing the temple with hands folded in [[Namaste|namaskāra mudra]].<ref name=":6" /> Its architectural style is considered to be modern.<ref name=":2" /> It was built on a raised platform, which lifts it up into the Jaipur skyline; at night, it becomes covered in light.<ref name=":4" /> In addition to the temple itself, the grounds include gardens<ref name=":1" /> and a small gift shop.<ref name=":0" /> Below the temple lies the B. M. Birla Family Museum and the Sri and Smt. G. P. Birla Gallery; both contain photographs of the temple's construction and the Birla family's philanthropic contributions, as well as treasures belonging to the Birla family.<ref name=":6" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed-overlay" perrow="5">
File:Birla mandir jaipur.JPG|alt=white marble Hindu temple
File:Birla mandir 3.jpg|alt=white marble Hindu temple
File:Handrails of birla mandir.JPG|alt=handrails of white marble Hindu temple
File:Jaipur-Birla Mandir-Chattri of the Birla family member-20131016.jpg|alt=white marble Hindu temple
File:Birla Mandir 032.jpg|alt=white marble Hindu temple
</gallery>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.npsin.in/mandir/birla-temple-jaipur Laxmi Narayan Birla Temple] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905041154/http://www.npsin.in/mandir/birla-temple-jaipur |date=5 September 2017 }}
{{commons category|Birla Mandir, Jaipur}}

{{Hindu temples in Rajasthan}}{{Birla Mandirs}}
[[Category:Hindu temples in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Jaipur]]
[[Category:Birla Mandir]]

Greenwood High International School

2026-02-21T05:01:18Z

NydiaChiodo9: Refined content and updated sections

{{more footnotes needed|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Greenwood High International School, Bangalore
| native_name = GWH
| logo =
| seal_image =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto = Rooted in Knowledge
| motto_translation = ज्ञान में जड़ें; Arraigado en el conocimiento; الجذور في المعرفة; Enraciné dans la connaissance; ಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಬೇರೂರಿದೆ
| location = No.8-14, Chikkawadayarapura, near Heggondahalli, Gunjur Post, Varthur [[Sarjapura|Sarjapur]], [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India
| address =
| region = Varthur
| city = Bangalore
| county = India
| state = Karnataka
| province =
| postal_code = 560087
| country = India
| coordinates =
| schooltype = Co-educational
| fundingtype =
| type = International Residential school
| religious_affiliation =
| denomination =
| patron =
| established = c. 2004
| founded =
| opened =
| founder =
| status = Open
| closed =
| locale =
| sister_school = Greenwood High School, Bannerghatta
| district =
| us_nces_district_id =
| local_authority =
| authority =
| category =
| oversight =
| oversight_label =
| authorizer =
| superintendent =
| trustee = Greenwood Educational Trust
| specialist =
| session =
| MOE =
| ofsted =
| ceeb = 671681
| us_nces_school_id =
| chairman = Mr Bijay Agarwal
| dean =
| administrator =
| rector =
| director =
| principal = Louis Lopez
| headmistress =
| headmaster =
| head_teacher =
| executive_headteacher =
| acting_headteacher =
| head =
| chaplain =
| staff =
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| employees =
| key_people =
| grades = Nursery to 12
| years = 2004 - Present
| gender = Co-ed
| lower_age =
| upper_age =
| enrollment =
| international_students = Yes
| classes = Nursery— Grade 12
| avg_class_size = 30
| ratio = 30:1
| system =
| language =
| schedule =
| hours_in_day = 7
| classrooms =
| campuses = Sarjapur, Bannerghatta, Hennur
| area =
| houses = Sapphire, Emerald, Topaz, Ruby
| colours = {{color box|black}}{{color box|green}}{{color box|white}} Black, Green, White
| slogan = Rooted In Knowledge
| song = To Greenwood High We All Belong
| fight_song =
| athletics = Yes
| athletic_conference =
| sports = Basketball, football, swimming, skating, lawn tennis, chess, cricket, badminton etc.
| mascot = The Banyan Tree
| nickname = Vulcans
| team_name =
| rival =
| accreditation =
| USNWR_ranking =
| national_ranking = 4th
| decile =
| publication = Fruition
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| budget =
| fees =
| revenue =
| communities =
| graduates =
| affiliations = [[International Baccalaureate|IB]], [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education|IGCSE]], [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]], [[Indian School Certificate|ISC]]
| age_range = 2.5 - 18
| campus =
| campus_size = {{convert|40|acre|m2}}
| campus_type = Urban
| campus_bound =
| mascot image =
| vision =
| website = {{URL|www.greenwoodhigh.edu.in}}
}}

'''Greenwood High''' is an educational institution in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India. It has pre-schools located in [[Koramangala]], [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagar]], [[Jayaprakash Nagar, Bangalore|J P Nagar]], [[Electronic City]] and main campuses in [[Sarjapura]], [[Bannerghatta]], and [[Whitefield, Bangalore|Whitefield]].

The [[pre-school]] campuses follow a mix of [[Montessori education|Montessori]], [[Froebel gifts|Froebel's]] ([[Kindergarten]]), [[Theory of multiple intelligences|Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory]], and [[Daniel Goleman]]’s Emotional Intelligence Theories.

==Curriculum==
Greenwood High follows IBDP [[IB Diploma Programme|(International Baccalaureate Diploma Program)]], IGCSE ([[International General Certificate of Secondary Education]]) ICSE ([[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education]]) and ISC ([[Indian School Certificate]]) curricula. It has completed the IB authorization<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/greenwood-high-is-now-an-ib-world-school-for-the-diploma-programme-111030300093_1.html |title=Greenwood High is now an IB World School for the Diploma Programme |newspaper=Business Standard India |publisher=Business Standard |date=2011-03-03 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> process in 2011 and became an IB world school. Presently it is offering [[IB Diploma Programme|IB diploma program]] from ages 14 up to 19 years for [[secondary school]]. Greenwood High is now affiliated to ISC also started in 2015-16.
.

For Primary and Middle classes i.e. 1 to 10th, it offers both ICSE & IGCSE curriculum. GWH offers [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[German language|German]] and [[French language|French]] as a second language option for [[International General Certificate of Secondary Education|IGCSE]]. IGCSE exams are conducted by CIE, (Cambridge International Examination).

==Sports and extracurricular activity==
[[Chess]] is a part of curriculum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=QkdNSVIvMjAxMS8wNC8wMyNBcjAwNDAw&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830084432/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=QkdNSVIvMjAxMS8wNC8wMyNBcjAwNDAw&Mode=HTML&Locale=english-skin-custom |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 August 2012 |title=Schools make kids don thinking caps |publisher=Epaper.timesofindia.com |date=2011-04-03 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Run in the Sun, a marathon to support GoSports Foundation|url=http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=34337|access-date=17 April 2015|work=India Education Dairy|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150417050819/http://indiaeducationdiary.in/Shownews.asp?newsid=34337|archive-date=17 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Over 700 students<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20140218074616/http://www.udupitoday.com/udtoday/news_Young-artists-set-stage-on-fire-with-The-Pied-Piper-of-Hamelin_3427.html Young artists set stage on fire with The Pied Piper of Hamelin]}}</ref> had participated in a play; [[Pied Piper of Hamelin|pied piper of Hamelin]] which was directed by Arundhati Raja who is a founder of Jagriti Theater.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/theatre/Watch-the-Pied-Piper-of-Hamelin/articleshow/30342182.cms Watch the Pied Piper of Hamelin]</ref> Theater is a subject in the IGCSE and IB courses.

'Roon Raman,<ref>[http://www.panmacmillan.co.in/authordetails/Aroon%20Raman/1126 Aroon Raman]</ref> an author whose research and innovation company works in the area of materials science and has won acclaim for developing scientific talent at the grassroots, has visited and interacted with IB and IGCSE students.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://aroonraman.com/news_events/an-author-talk-in-greenwood-high-international-school-during-in-the-3rd-week-of-december |title=An author talk in Greenwood High International School during in [sic] the 3rd week of December 2013 |access-date=18 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223122722/http://aroonraman.com/news_events/an-author-talk-in-greenwood-high-international-school-during-in-the-3rd-week-of-december |archive-date=23 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The theme was "The Story Within Us All".

Students have won state and national level tournaments and awards. Below are a few mentions:
* An IB DP student has been awarded the National Innovation Foundation award instituted by the Union Department of Science and Technology ([[Govt of India|government of India]]) for an idea to make life easier for street vendors who use handcarts.<ref>Bangalore City student bags national award - [https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/City-student-bags-national-award/articleshow/31004650.cms City student bags national award]</ref> The award was presented by former President [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A P J Abdul Kalam]] on 19 Jan 2014.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/school-student-carts-away-accolades-for-her-ideas/article5772042.ece School student carts away accolades for her ideas]
</ref>
* A KG student has won a silver medal<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/bangalores-chess-champ-makes-the-right-moves/article5102732.ece |title=Bangalore's chess champ makes the right moves |work=The Hindu |date=2013-09-07 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> at<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chess-results.com/tnr108945.aspx?art=4&lan=1&turdet=YES&flag=30&wi=984 |title=Tournament-Database |website=Chess-Results Server |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> Asian School Chess championship held in [[Sri Lanka]] between 30 August and 6 September, where 385 children of varying ages, from 15 countries, participated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130912/sports-other-sports/article/not-pawn-shes-queen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224185517/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130912/sports-other-sports/article/not-pawn-shes-queen |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2013 |title=Not a pawn, She's the queen |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=2013-09-12 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=S S Shreekumar |url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Meet-Shraddha-the-5-year-old-chess-prodigy/2013/09/12/article1779722.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225111327/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Meet-Shraddha-the-5-year-old-chess-prodigy/2013/09/12/article1779722.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2013 |title=Meet Shraddha, the 5-year-old chess prodigy |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131225111327/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Meet-Shraddha-the-5-year-old-chess-prodigy/2013/09/12/article1779722.ece ess prodigy]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-11/bangalore/41970406_1_bangalore-girl-silver-medal-maldives |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916212531/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-11/bangalore/41970406_1_bangalore-girl-silver-medal-maldives |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-09-16 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Bangalore girl does India proud |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref>
* An IB student in the 11th grade got three acceptances in the Golden Digital Circuit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131102/lifestyle-offbeat/article/sweet-16-shutterbug#comment-29239 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105072541/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131102/lifestyle-offbeat/article/sweet-16-shutterbug#comment-29239 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 November 2013 |title=Sweet 16 shutterbug! |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref>
* A student of Grade 8 has represented Karnataka State Junior Basketball Team in the 40thSub-Junior National Basketball Championship<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiabasketball.org/newsdetails.php?id=795 |title=Results: 40th National Basketball Championship |publisher=Indiabasketball.org |date=2013-08-18 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> held at [[Patliputra Sports Complex]] ([[Patna]], Bihar) from August 18–25, 2013.
* A student has secured 10th<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenwoodhigh.edu.in/1/post/2013/06/international-oral-spelling-bee.html |title=MaRRS International Spelling Bee - Greenwood High International School | Bangalore | IB school | IGCSE Schools Bengaluru | International Schools Bangalore | Best International School |publisher=Greenwoodhigh.edu.in |date=2013-06-30 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> Rank in the [[MaRRS Spelling Bee|MaRRS]] International Spelling Bee held on 29 June 2013.
* GWH was the winner<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mobilepaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=31&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=10-11-2012&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar03102&publabel=TOI |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 August 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225031413/http://mobilepaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=31&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=10-11-2012&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar03102&publabel=TOI |url-status=dead }}</ref> of the Mahindra Football National Inter-school Championship in 2012.
* Greenwood High has won the inter-school chess tournament in Bangalore five times<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenwoodhigh.edu.in/1/post/2013/08/greenwood-high-won-inter-school-chess-title.html |title=GREENWOOD HIGH WON INTER SCHOOL CHESS TITLE - Greenwood High International School | Bangalore | IB school | IGCSE Schools Bengaluru | International Schools Bangalore | Best International School |publisher=Greenwoodhigh.edu.in |date=2013-08-28 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> in a row.
* A student of KG II got second place and won silver medal in the Under-5 Girls Category of the '''National School Chess Championship'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenwoodhigh.edu.in/1/post/2013/06/national-school-chess-championship.html |title=NATIONAL SCHOOL CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP - Greenwood High International School | Bangalore | IB school | IGCSE Schools Bengaluru | International Schools Bangalore | Best International School |publisher=Greenwoodhigh.edu.in |date=2013-06-13 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> at [[Chennai]] from 9 to 11 June 2013.
* A grade 7 student has finished No.1 in the under 12 (C Category Girls) in the '''Indian [[Golf]] union national merit''' list and 4th in the All India Juniors in Dec 2011.<ref>{{cite web |author=TWB |url=http://www.thisweekbangalore.com/a-stroke-of-brilliance-%E2%80%93-suchitra-ramesh-of-greenwood-high-excels-at-golf/ |title=A stroke of brilliance – Suchitra Ramesh of Greenwood High excels at Golf |publisher=This Week Bangalore |date=2012-02-15 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref>

===Management===
Bijay Kumar Agarwal<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lookbangalore.com/bijay-agarwal-cmd-a-man-who-dared-to-dream-big/ |title=Bijay Agarwal, CMD : A Man Who Dared to Dream Big |publisher=LookBangalore.com |date=2012-01-27 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> who is chairman of the board of trustees and also the chairman of Sattva Group,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sattvagroup.in/ |title=Sattva Group |publisher=Sattvagroup.in |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> a [[property developer]] and [[Aerospace manufacturer|aerospace]] business<ref>{{cite web |author=Anjana Chandramouly |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/salarpuria-sattva-buys-2-cos-in-aerospace-sector/article1143557.ece |title=Salarpuria Sattva buys 2 cos in aerospace sector | Business Line |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date=2011-01-31 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/salarpuria-sattva-acquiring-one-more-aerospace-company/article2974451.ece |title=Salarpuria Sattva acquiring one more aerospace company | Business Line |publisher=Thehindubusinessline.com |date=2012-03-08 |access-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> company in [[Bangalore]] India.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}

{{International schools in India}}

{{coord|12.9005|77.7492|type:edu_region:IN-KA|display=title}}

[[Category:2004 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2004]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:International Baccalaureate schools in India]]
[[Category:Cambridge schools in India]]
[[Category:International schools in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Private schools in Bengaluru]]

2020 Big Ten Football Championship Game

2026-02-14T19:14:32Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NCAA football yearly game
| game_name = Big Ten Football Championship Game
| title_sponsor =
| subheader = Conference Championship
| image = 2020 Big Ten Football Championship Game logo.svg
| pixels =
| caption =
| date_game_played = December 19
| year_game_played = 2020
| football_season = 2020
| stadium = [[Lucas Oil Stadium]]
| city = [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]]
| home_school = Ohio State University
| home_name_short = Ohio State
| home_nickname = Buckeyes
| home_record = 5–0
| home_rank_AP = 3
| home_rank_coaches = 4
| home_rank_CFP = 4
| home_coach = [[Ryan Day]]
| home_1q = 3
| home_2q = 3
| home_3q = 7
| home_4q = 9
| visitor_school = Northwestern University
| visitor_name_short = Northwestern
| visitor_nickname = Wildcats
| visitor_record = 6–1
| visitor_rank_AP = 15
| visitor_rank_coaches = 14
| visitor_rank_CFP = 14
| visitor_coach = [[Pat Fitzgerald]]
| visitor_1q = 7
| visitor_2q = 3
| visitor_3q = 0
| visitor_4q = 0
| MVP = [[Trey Sermon]], RB, Ohio State
| odds = Ohio State by 16.5<ref>{{cite web |title=ESPN Game Summary - Ohio State vs. Northwestern - December 19, 2020 |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/game/_/gameId/401247349 |website=ESPN.com |access-date=December 19, 2020}}</ref>
| anthem = Kindergarten class
| referee = Mark Kluczynski
| halftime = none
| attendance = 3,178
| us_network = [[Fox College Football|Fox]]
| us_announcers = [[Gus Johnson (sportscaster)|Gus Johnson]] (play-by-play), [[Joel Klatt]] (analyst) and [[Jenny Taft]] (sideline)
| ratings = 8.03 million
| intl_network =
| intl_announcers =
}}
{{2020 Big Ten football standings}}
The '''2020 Big Ten Football Championship Game''' was a college football game played on December 19, 2020, at [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] in [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]]. The tenth annual [[Big Ten Football Championship Game]], it determined the 2020 champion of the [[2020 Big Ten Conference football season|Big Ten Conference]]. The game was played between the No. 4 [[2020 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State Buckeyes]] out of the East division, and the No. 14 [[2020 Northwestern Wildcats football team|Northwestern Wildcats]] out of the West division. Sponsored by credit card company [[Discover Card|Discover]], the game was officially known as the '''Big Ten Championship Game presented by Discover'''.

==History==
The 2020 Championship Game was the tenth in the Big Ten's 125-year history and the seventh to feature the conference's East and West alignment. East division champion [[2019 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State]] won the [[2019 Big Ten Football Championship Game|2019 game]] over West division champion [[2019 Wisconsin Badgers football team|Wisconsin]] by a score of 34–21.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/game/_/gameId/401132983 |title=ESPN Game Summary - Ohio State vs. Wisconsin |access-date=December 14, 2020}}</ref>

==Teams==
Ohio State and Northwestern faced each other in the Big Ten Championship Game for the second time. Ohio State won the first championship game between the two schools, in [[2018 Big Ten Football Championship Game|2018]].

===Northwestern===
{{main|2020 Northwestern Wildcats football team}}
Northwestern booked their place in the Championship Game by winning the West Division with a record of 6–1 (6–1 Big Ten). The Wildcats were making their second appearance in the Championship Game, with the only previous appearance coming in 2018 against Ohio State. The Wildcats were ranked 14th in the College Football Playoff rankings heading into the game.

===Ohio State===
{{See also|2020 Ohio State Buckeyes football team}}
Ohio State secured their place in the Championship Game by winning the East Division with an undefeated 5–0 (5–0 Big Ten) regular season record. This was Ohio State's sixth appearance in the Championship Game, and fourth consecutive. They were the three-time reigning conference champions. The Buckeyes were ranked fourth in the [[College Football Playoff]] rankings heading into the game.

Originally, Ohio State would not have qualified to play in the championship game due to the Big Ten's six-game minimum rule that was adopted in light of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], but that rule was eliminated shortly after Ohio State's final game, against [[2020 Michigan Wolverines football team|Michigan]], was canceled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rittenberg |first1=Adam |last2=Dinich |first2=Heather |title=Ohio St. into Big Ten finale after rule adjustment |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/30483665/sources-big-ten-expected-change-6-game-rule |website=ESPN.com |access-date=December 14, 2020 |language=en |date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> This allowed the Buckeyes to advance to the Championship game at 5–0 over Big Ten East runners-up [[2020 Indiana Hoosiers football team|Indiana]], who finished 6–1.
{{Clear}}

==Game summary==
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle= {{CollegePrimaryStyle|Big Ten Conference|color=white}}; text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|bg=#fff
|bg2=#eee
|title=2020 Big Ten Football Championship Game
|date=Saturday, December 19, 2020
|time= 12:18 p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|road= No. 14 Northwestern
|R1=7|R2=3|R3=0|R4=0
|home= '''No. 4 Ohio State'''
|H1=3|H2=3|H3=7|H4=9
|stadium= [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] • [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]]
|attendance= 3,178
|weather=n/a (''game played indoors'')
|referee=Mark Kluczynski
|TV=[[Fox College Football|Fox]]
|TVAnnouncers=[[Gus Johnson (sportscaster)|Gus Johnson]] (play-by-play), [[Joel Klatt]] (analyst) and [[Jenny Taft]] (sideline)
|reference=
|scoring=
;First quarter
*(6:34) OSU – Blake Haubeil 41 yard field goal (''Drive: 16 plays, 51 yards, 8:26; '''Ohio State 3–0''''')
*(4:02) NU – Cam Porter 9 yard rush, Charlie Kuhbander kick (''Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:32; '''Northwestern 7–3''''')
;Second quarter
*(8:46) NU – Charlie Kuhbander 47 yard field goal (''Drive: 14 plays, 65 yards, 6:00; '''Northwestern 10–3''''')
*(5:23) OSU – Blake Haubeil 43 yard field goal (''Drive: 8 plays, 49 yards, 3:23; '''Northwestern 10–6''''')
;Third quarter
*(2:41) OSU – [[Trey Sermon]] 9 yard rush, Blake Haubeil kick (''Drive: 7 plays, 71 yards, 2:23; '''Ohio State 13–10''''')
;Fourth quarter
*(12:07) OSU – Blake Haubeil 26 yard field goal (''Drive: 5 plays, 31 yards, 2:19; '''Ohio State 16–10''''')
*(4:03) OSU – Trey Sermon 3 yard rush, 2-point pass failed (''Drive: 9 plays, 80 yards, 4:46; '''Ohio State 22–10''''')
}}

===Statistics===
{{AmFootballGameStatistics
| Float = left
| Visitor = Northwestern Wildcats
| VisitorDisplay = NU
| Home = Ohio State Buckeyes
| HomeDisplay = OSU
| VisFirsts = 19
| VisPlaysYds = 71–329
| VisRushing = 34–105
| VisPassYds = 224
| VisPassing = 24–37–2
| VisTOP = 28:40
| HomeFirsts = 24
| HomePlaysYds = 71–513
| HomeRushing = 44–399
| HomePassYds = 114
| HomePassing = 12–27–2
| HomeTOP = 31:20
}}
{{AmFootballGameTopPlayers
| Float = right
| Visitor = Northwestern Wildcats
| VisitorDisplay = Northwestern
| Home = Ohio State Buckeyes
| HomeDisplay = Ohio State
| VisPasser = [[Peyton Ramsey]]
| VisPassStats = 24/37, 224 yards, 2 INT
| VisRusher = Cam Porter
| VisRushStats = 16 carries, 61 yards, 1 TD
| VisReceiver = Ramaud Chiaokhiao-Bowman
| VisReceivingStats = 8 receptions, 103 yards
| HomePasser = [[Justin Fields]]
| HomePassStats = 12/27, 114 yards, 2 INT
| HomeRusher = [[Trey Sermon]]
| HomeRushStats = 29 carries, 331 yards, 2 TD{{efn|Trey Sermon's 331 rushing yards set a new Ohio State single-game school record.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sermon runs for record 331; OSU wins Big Ten |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/30555692/trey-sermon-rushes-ohio-state-record-331-yards-buckeyes-win-big-ten-title |website=ESPN.com |access-date=December 19, 2020 |language=en |date=December 19, 2020}}</ref>}}
| HomeReceiver = [[Julian Fleming]]
| HomeReceivingStats = 4 receptions, 53 yards
}}
{{Clear}}

==See also==
*[[List of Big Ten Conference football champions]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://stats.statbroadcast.com/statmonitr/?id=323965 Game statistics] at statbroadcast.com

{{2020 NCAA football conference championships}}
{{Big Ten Football Championship Game navbox}}
{{Northwestern Wildcats football navbox}}
{{Ohio State Buckeyes football navbox}}

[[Category:2020 Big Ten Conference football season|Championship Game]]
[[Category:Big Ten Football Championship Game]]
[[Category:Northwestern Wildcats football games]]
[[Category:Ohio State Buckeyes football games]]
[[Category:December 2020 sports events in the United States|Big Ten Football Championship Game]]
[[Category:2020 in sports in Indiana|Big Ten Football Championship Game]]
[[Category:2020s in Indianapolis]]

Ramakrishnan Nagaraj

2026-02-10T02:53:42Z

NydiaChiodo9: Data

{{Short description|Indian biochemist and molecular biologist (born 1953)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ramakrishnan Nagaraj
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|2|10}}
| birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Biophysics]] | [[Biochemistry]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Mumbai]] | [[Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]] | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = [[Padmanabhan Balaram]]
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Design of antibiotic peptides
| awards = 1981 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Young Scientist Medal 1988 [[Indian Academy of Sciences|IAS]] Young Associate Medal 1988 [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]] Young Scientist Award 1994 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] 1995 SBCI P. B. Rama Rao Award
}}

'''Ramakrishnan Nagaraj''' (born 10 February 1953) is an Indian biochemist, molecular biologist and the leader of a team of scientists working in the field of [[peptide]] [[biochemistry]] at [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] (CCMB).<ref name="Our People">{{cite web | url=http://www.ccmb.res.in/index.php?view=ourteam&mid=0&id=62&grpid=7 | title=Our People | publisher=Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> He is known for his studies on [[hemolytic]] and antibacterial properties in synthetic analogs of [[bacterial toxins]].<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=204 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> He is a J. C. Bose National fellow of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] at CCMB and an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] and the [[Indian National Science Academy]].<ref name="Indian fellow - Nagaraj">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N98-1235 | title=Indian fellow - Nagaraj | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016 | archive-date=9 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009161528/http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N98-1235 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded Nagaraj the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1994, for his contributions to biological sciences.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Born on 10 February 1953, Ramakrishnan Nagaraj graduated in science from the [[University of Mumbai]] and completed his master's degree at the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai]] before doing his doctoral research at the [[Indian Institute of Science]] under the guidance of [[Padmanabhan Balaram]], a noted biochemist and [[Padma Bhushan]] laureate.<ref name="Indian fellow - Nagaraj" /> Nagaraj joined the [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] (CCMB) in 1980 as a scientist where he heads a team of scientists and pursues his researches on ''structure-function correlations in peptide antibiotics''.<ref name="Scientist Details">{{cite web | url=http://www.ccmb.res.in/index.php?view=scientist&mid=0&id=63&grpid=7 | title=Scientist Details | publisher=Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> He has done considerable work on [[signal peptides]] and peptide antibiotics and their structure-function relationships.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | accessdate=5 October 2016 | pages=30}}</ref> Nagaraj is known to have suggested a protocol by which [[hemolytic]] and antibacterial properties of the ''synthetic analogs of [[bacterial toxins]]'' could be separated, an invention which is reported to be of assistance in designing antibiotic peptides. His researches have been documented in several articles; [[PubMed]], an online repository of medical articles, has listed 273 of them.<ref name="Nagaraj on PubMed">{{cite web | url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nagaraj%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10590301 | title=Nagaraj on PubMed | publisher=PubMed | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
The [[Indian National Science Academy]] awarded Nagaraj the Young Scientists Medal in 1981<ref name="Young Scientist Medal">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php | title=Young Scientist Medal | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016 | archive-date=11 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511084357/https://www.insaindia.res.in/youngmedal.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> and he held the Young Associateship of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] from 1985 to 1988.<ref name="Associate Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/associate/Nagaraj,_Dr._Ramakrishnan | title=Associate Profile | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> He received the Young Scientist Award of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) in 1988; CSIR would honor him again in 1994 with the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1994.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees" /> A Homi Bhabha Fellow of 1991,<ref name="Homi Bhabha Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://homibhabhafellowships.com/HomiBhabhaFellow.aspx?id=40 | title=Homi Bhabha Fellow | publisher=Homi Bhabha Fellowships Council | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> Nagaraj is also a recipient of the 1995 P. B. Rama Rao Award of the Society for Biological Chemists, India<ref name="Indian fellow - Nagaraj" /> and an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy (1998), Indian Academy of Sciences (1992)<ref name="Fellow profile - Nagaraj">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Nagaraj,_Dr_Ramakrishnan | title=Fellow profile - Nagaraj | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]].<ref name="NASI fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=N | title=NASI fellows | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2016 | accessdate=6 October 2016 | archive-date=16 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716224753/http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=N | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{cite journal | title=Interaction of antimicrobial peptides with biological and model membranes: structural and charge requirements for activity |author1=Sitaram, N. |author2=Nagaraj, R. | journal=Biochim Biophys Acta | year=1999 | volume=1462 | issue=2 | pages=29–54 | pmid=10590301 | doi = 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00199-6| doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Mandal|first1=M.|last2=Jagannadham|first2=M.V.|last3=Nagaraj|first3=R.|date=March 2002|title=Antibacterial activities and conformations of bovine β-defensin BNBD-12 and analogs:structural and disulfide bridge requirements for activity|journal=Peptides|language=en|volume=23|issue=3|pages=413–418|doi=10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00628-3|pmid=11835989|s2cid=1410192 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Palmitoylated peptides from the cysteine- rich domain of SNAP-23 cause membrane fusion depending on peptide length, position of cysteines, and extent of palmitoylation |author1=Pallavi, B. |author2=Nagaraj, R. | journal= Journal of Biological Chemistry| year=2003 | volume=278 | issue=15 | pages=12737–44 | doi=10.1074/jbc.M208598200 | pmid=12551899|s2cid=400106 | doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Sowmya|first1=Bekshe L.|last2=Jagannadham|first2=M. V.|last3=Nagaraj|first3=Ramakrishnan|date=2006|title=Interaction of synthetic peptides corresponding to the scaffolding domain of Caveolin-3 with model membranes|journal=Biopolymers|language=en|volume=84|issue=6|pages=615–624|doi=10.1002/bip.20595|pmid=16948121}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Chaudhary|first1=Nitin|last2=Singh|first2=Shashi|last3=Nagaraj|first3=Ramakrishnan|date=2008|title=Organic solvent mediated self-association of an amyloid forming peptide from β2-microglobulin: An atomic force microscopy study|journal=Biopolymers|language=en|volume=90|issue=6|pages=783–791|doi=10.1002/bip.21087|pmid=18798577|s2cid=34813740 }}

== See also ==
* [[Arthropod defensin]]
* [[Padmanabhan Balaram]]
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagaraj, Ramakrishnan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Homi Bhabha Fellows]]

Ananth Hegde Ashisara

2026-02-06T05:29:45Z

NydiaChiodo9: small changes

{{Short description|Indian Environmentalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Environmentalist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| education =
| alma_mater =
}}
'''Sri Ananth Hegde Ashisara''' is an environmentalist from [[Uttara Kannada]] District, [[Karnataka]], India and chairman, Karnataka Biodiversity Board, government of Karnataka.

==Fight to protect Western Ghat==
Mr. Ashisara is also the former chairperson of Western Ghats Task Force (WGTF) and is involved in protection of environment, especially [[Western Ghats]], a [[World Heritage]] site.<ref name="deccan1">{{cite news | title =10 ancient trees named arboreal heritage | newspaper =Deccan Herald (Bangalore) | date =4 August 2010 | url =http://www.deccanherald.com/content/86164/10-ancient-trees-named-arboreal.html |access-date=12 January 2015}}</ref> He is also convenor of ''Vriksh Raksha Andolan'', a group of people from [[Malenadu]] dedicated to protect environment.
He is involved in people's movement against mining activities in and around [[Ambaragudda]] hill range of Western Ghats located in [[Shimoga District]], Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/2005/08/17/stories/2005081702670300.htm|archive-url = https://archive.today/20150117140237/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/08/17/stories/2005081702670300.htm|url-status = dead|archive-date = 17 January 2015|title = Andolan seeks restoration of ban on mining at Ambargudda|date = 17 August 2005|work = The Hindu|access-date = 12 January 2015}}</ref>

He has put efforts to get ''arboreal heritage'' tag to 10 old trees of Karnataka, which include Big Banyan tree, Bangalore (400 years old), ''Adansonia digitata'' – Malvaceae, Bijapur Taluk (600 years old), "Pilali" tree ''Ficus micro corpus'', [[Banavasi]], [[Uttara Kannada]] etc.<ref name=deccan1/> He expressed concern over safety of nuclear energy in the wake of damage experienced by [[nuclear power]] projects in Japan [[tsunami]] (2010).<ref>{{cite news | last =Pinto | first =Stanley | title =Task force concerned | newspaper =The Times of India | url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Task-force-concerned/speednewsbytopic/keyid-592068.cms |access-date=5 October 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ambaragudda]]
*[[Kodachadri]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashisara, Ananth Hegde}}
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Uttara Kannada]]

{{India-activist-stub}}
{{environmentalist-stub}}

KSR Bengaluru–Jolarpettai Express

2026-02-05T02:31:48Z

NydiaChiodo9: Made the post initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Jolarpettai–Bangalore City Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[South Western Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Jolarpettai Junction}} (JTJ)
| stops = 32
| end = {{stnlnk|Bangalore City}} (SBC)
| distance = {{convert|145|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3h 35m
| frequency = Daily {{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[ICF coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 16519/16520
| speed = {{convert|40|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Jolarpettai–Bangalore City Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[South Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Jolarpettai Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Bangalore City}} in India. It is currently being operated with 16519/16520 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>[http://netindian.in/news/2016/02/05/00036743/railways-cancel-several-trains-following-derailment-kanyakumari-bangalore-e Railways cancel several trains following derailment of Kanyakumari-Bangalore Express]</ref><ref>[http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3861&did=14546446113927F22A345C7ABD90835713DE7AF8E5818.web91 CANCELLATION OF TRAINS]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanyakumaribengaluru-train-derails-at-jolarpettai-no-casualties-reported/article8196951.ece Six coaches of Kanyakumari-Bengaluru train derails]</ref>

== Service==

The 16519/Jolarpettai–KSR Bengaluru Express has an average speed of 40 km/h and covers 145 km in 3h 35m. The 16520/KSR Bengaluru–Jolarpettai Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 145 km in 3h 20m.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Jolarpettai Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Kuppam}}
* {{stnlnk|Bangarapet Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Whitefield|India}}
* {{stnlnk|Krishnarajapuram}}
* {{stnlnk|Baiyyappanahalli}}
* {{stnlnk|Bangalore East}}
* {{stnlnk|Bangalore Cantonment}}
* {{stnlnk|Bangalore City}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF rakes with a max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 13 coaches:

* 1 Sleeper coaches
* 10 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Royapuram|Royapuram Loco Shed]]-based [[WDP-4]] diesel locomotive and [[WAG-9]] electric locomotive from Bangalore to Jolarpettai and vice versa.

== See also ==

* [[Bangalore City railway station]]
* [[Jolarpettai Junction railway station]]
* [[Arsikere−Mysore Passenger]]
* [[Night Queen Passenger]]
* [[Bangarapet–Marikuppam Passenger]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/10019 16519/Jolarpettai–KSR Bengaluru Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/10887 16520/KSR Bengaluru–Jolarpettai Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jolarpettai-Bangalore City Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Future Ready Combat Vehicle

2026-01-24T22:18:53Z

NydiaChiodo9: Starting New Data Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian main battle tank programme}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

The '''Future Ready Combat Vehicle''' ('''FRCV'''), also designated as '''Project ''Ranjeet''''' ({{Lit|Victorious in Battle}}), is a design and development programme to develop a [[List of main battle tanks by generation#Next Generation|next generation]] [[main battle tank]] to replace the [[T-72]] fleet of the [[Indian Army]]. As of 2024, T-72 is the mainstay of the [[Indian Army Armoured Corps]]. Around 1,770 units shall be inducted in three phases (approx. 590 each).<ref name=":03">{{Cite news |date=2024-02-19 |title=Army eyes Rs 57,000cr project to make combat vehicles to replace T-72 tanks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-eyes-57000cr-project-to-make-combat-vehicles-to-replace-t-72-tanks/articleshow/107801757.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240831123137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-eyes-57000cr-project-to-make-combat-vehicles-to-replace-t-72-tanks/articleshow/107801757.cms |archive-date=31 August 2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Smruti |date=2024-09-04 |title=Defence Ministry approves Future Ready Combat Vehicles procurement. Here's the roadmap for the project |url=https://theprint.in/defence/defence-ministry-approves-future-ready-combat-vehicles-procurement-heres-the-roadmap-for-the-project/2251918/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
On 22 June 2015, it was reported that the Indian Army has released a [[Request for Information]] (RFI) to global tank manufacturers to submit proposals to design a "new generation, state-of-the-art combat vehicle platform". The design would serve as the "base platform" for the development of 10 other variants including bridge laying and trawl tanks, [[self-propelled artillery]] and [[Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|air defence gun]], a [[Military engineering vehicle|combat engineering vehicle]] and tracked ambulance. The initiative, from the Directorate General of Mechanised Forces, was named Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV). This was a parallel development with the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) [[Future Main Battle Tank]] (FMBT) which, as of 2010, was expected to be completed by 2020. The FMBT project was worth around {{INRConvert|25000|c|lk=on|year=2010}} for designing, development and testing followed by production at a rate of {{INRConvert|50|c|lk=off|year=2010}} per tank. The total project would be worth {{INRConvert|1.5|lc|lk=off|year=2010}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2015-06-27 |title=Army invites proposals for designing tanks, DRDO surprised |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-invites-proposals-for-designing-tanks-drdo-surprised/articleshow/47831996.cms |access-date=2025-09-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2015-06-22 |title=Army's new battle tank proposal sets stage for MoD tussle |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/army-s-new-battle-tank-proposal-sets-stage-for-mod-tussle-115062200028_1.html |access-date=2025-01-01 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>

FRCV would proceed in three stages - design stage, prototype development stage and production stage. The RFI is open to both domestic and international firms. The prototypes of the competing manufacturers would be tested and evaluated. The "best" prototype would be chosen and then produced by a "nominated developing agency".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> By July 2015, [[Tata Motors]] responded to the FRCV RFI that was released in June 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tata Motors Submits Response For Indian Army’s FRCV RFI |url=https://www.defensemirror.com/news/13440/Tata_Motors_Submits_Response_For_Indian_Army___s_FRCV_RFI |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=www.defensemirror.com}}</ref>

As per the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], the FMBT and the FRCV are two parallel projects and FRCV is meant for "futuristic requirements beyond 2027" and "not in conflict with the current MBT Arjun programme and its future orders". The Army had been against the further ordering of 118 units of Arjun MkII variant (now, Arjun Mk1A) as it has a weight of around 67 tonnes in spite of successfully demonstrating 53 of the 73 upgrades over Arjun Mk1. Army officers stated that, "Many bridges and culverts in Punjab will not be able to take its weight. Moreover, our rail tank transporters will find it tough to carry the Arjuns from one sector to another".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-05 |title=Army, DRDO fight it out again over Arjun and futuristic tanks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-drdo-fight-it-out-again-over-arjun-and-futuristic-%20tanks/articleshow/48355161.cms |access-date=2025-01-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Design ==
The tank will have a weight of less than 60 tonnes, carry 4 troops and will feature superior mobility, all terrain ability, multilayered protections, precision and lethal fires, and real-time [[Situation awareness|situational awareness]] along with [[artificial intelligence]], drone integration, [[active protection system]], [[Network-centric warfare|network centric operation]] capabilities. It should be transportable by existing infrastructure of rail, road and aircraft.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=DAC approves 10 capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 1.45 lakh crore to enhance defence preparedness |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2051323 |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Press Information Bureau}}</ref><ref name=":17" />

== Current status ==
The programme worth {{INRConvert|57000|c|lk=on|year=2024}} was approved by Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) of the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|MoD]] on 3 September 2024.<ref name=":152" /><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-09-03 |title=Defence Acquisition Council accords preliminary approval for 10 procurement proposals worth ₹1.44 lakh crore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/government-approves-procurement-of-frcvs-air-defence-fire-control-radars-dornier-228-aircraft/article68601298.ece/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The project will follow [https://www.makeinindiadefence.gov.in/admin/writereaddata/upload/2018-08-16-174652MAKE-I_Procedure.pdf Make I procedure] of defence procurement, through which the government will fund 70% of the project and the industry partner(s) will fund the remainder. As the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) has been granted by DAC, the Army will roll out an Expression of Interest (EoI) in which all the necessary parameters required by the Army will be published. When interested industry partner(s) respond to it, [[Request for proposal|Request for Proposal]] (RFP) will be issued. Then, 2 developing agencies shall be shortlisted (most likely private sector companies) to whom project sanction order will be extended. This process is expected to take 6–8 months post-DAC approval. The developing agencies shall roll out their prototypes within 3–4 years followed by user trials and induction by 2030. The order will be split between the selected companies.<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suciu |first=Peter |date=2024-09-10 |title=India Wants to 'Scrap' Its Russian-Designed T-72 Tanks |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/india-wants-scrap-its-russian-designed-t-72-tanks-212619 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The National Interest |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-04 |title=High-tech warships, next-gen tanks: Indian Army and Navy to get Rs 1.2 lakh crore firepower to combat China |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/with-high-tech-warships-next-gen-tanks-indian-army-and-navy-to-get-rs-1-3-lakh-crore-firepower-to-combat-china/articleshow/113009942.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-23 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The FRCV project is renamed as '''Project Ranjit''' as reported in November 2024.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=2024-11-13 |title=Army to test indigenously designed and developed light battle tank in 2025 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/army-to-test-indigenously-designed-and-developed-light-battle-tank-next-year/articleshow/115228487.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-14 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

As of August 2025, Russia has reportedly offered the [[technology transfer]] of the [[T-14 Armata|T-14 ''Armata'']] tank to India to allow its local production under the latter's Make in India programme. [[Uralvagonzavod]], the tank's designing agency, has also offered to modify as well as design and develop an Indian variant of the Armata, in collaboration with the [[Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment]] (CVRDE), in order to serve the unique requirements of the Indian Army. While, the per unit cost of the base variant of the tank is reported to be between {{INRConvert|30|c|lk=on|year=2025}}–{{INRConvert|42|c|lk=|year=2025}}, the potential Indian-specific variant is expected to be at least {{INRConvert|10|c|lk=|year=2025}} lesser. If realised, the agreement will be on lines with India's local production of [[T-90|T-90 ''Bhishma'']].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-17 |title=T-14 Armata main battle tank offered by Russia with technology transfer under Make in India drive |url=https://defence-industry.eu/t-14-armata-main-battle-tank-offered-by-russia-with-technology-transfer-under-make-in-india-drive/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2025, the [https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/en/technology-perspective-and-capability--roadmap Technology Perspective and Capability Roadmap (TPCR) 2025] outlined the procurement of 1,700–1,800 tanks over a period of 10–15 years to replace the existing T-72 fleet of the Indian Army. The FRCV is expected to serve for 40 years and, hence, be integrated with a wide range of modern equipment to remain relevant on the battlefield. The FRCV should incorporate a fully digitised Human-Machine Teaming and [[Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance|Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance]] (ISR) capabilities with controls for onboard and offboard unmanned systems like [[Unmanned Ground Vehicles]] (UGVs), [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicles]] (UAVs) and [[Loitering munition|Loitering Munitions]] (LMs). The vehicle is also expected to efficiently function in a [[network-centric warfare]] with Integrated [[Battlefield Management System]] (BMS) and [[Identification friend or foe|Identification of Friend or Foe]] (IFF) Systems in order to operate against [[cyberattacks]] and [[electronic warfare]] environment. They should also be capable of striking [[Non-line-of-sight propagation|beyond line of sight]] (BLOS) targets using loitering munitions and in-service surveillance drones which would be operating from the platform as a system. The tank would be equipped with day-night sensors throughout the hull and turret to provide the tank crew and [[C4I]] with a [[Image stitching|stitched]], 360° [[mosaic]], [[panoramic view]]. The platform must also incorporate a Defence Series Maps (DSM)-compatible Hybrid Navigation System which integrates the existing [[satellite navigation]] (including [[IRNSS]]) and [[inertial navigation system]] (INS).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Bhaswar |date=2025-09-09 |title=Next-gen combat vehicle with UAV, loitering weapons to replace Army's T-72s |url=https://www.business-standard.com/blueprint-defence-magazine/reports/next-gen-combat-vehicle-with-uav-loitering-weapons-to-replace-army-s-t-72s-125090800711_1.html |access-date=2025-09-19 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of main battle tanks by generation]]

* {{lwc|Arjun (tank)}}
*{{lwc|Zorawar (tank)}}
* {{lwc|Future Main Battle Tank}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Post-Cold War tanks}}

[[Category:Main battle tanks of India]]
[[Category:Main battle tanks of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:Tanks with autoloaders]]
[[Category:Fourth-generation main battle tanks]]

M. Jaganmoorthy

2026-01-24T18:29:10Z

NydiaChiodo9: small corrected section per sources also and improved wording

#REDIRECT [[M. Jagan Moorthy]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
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Maharaja Umaid Singh Stadium

2026-01-19T16:46:09Z

NydiaChiodo9: bio!

{{Short description|Sports venue in Jodhpur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{infobox venue|name=Umaid Singh Stadium|demolished=|acreage={{cvt|14,850|sqm}}|dimensions=|executive_suites=|capacity=20,000|main_contractors=|architect=|suites=|estimated_cost=|scoreboard=Yes|operator=Government of Rajasthan|surface=Grass|owner=[[Rajasthan Government]]|closed=|image=|expanded=|renovated=|opened=1932|built=1932|broke_ground=|coordinates=|location=[[Jodhpur]], India|former_names=|fullname=Maharaja Shri Umaid Singh Stadium|image_caption=|image_size=300px|tenants=[[R-League A Division]]}}

'''Maharaja Umaid Singh Stadium''', formerly known as the '''Umaid Sports Stadium''', is a multipurpose [[stadium]] situated in the [[Paota]] suburb of [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]].The sports complex is built in 1932 headed by Maharaja of Jodhpur Umaid Singh as a sports ground. It is mostly used for political rallies, cultural activities and sporting events.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stadium|first=Umaid Singh|title=Umaid Singh Stadium|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/umaid-stadium-in-56-years-where-four-generations-have-come-to-campaign-gehlot39s-support-for-the-election-of-grandmothers-to-grandchildren-040024-3280619.html|website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

== History ==
Maharaja Umaid Singh Stadium was built by that time Maharaja Umaid Singh in 1932 as a sports ground. It is the oldest stadium in the city of Jodhpur.

Rajasthan Government announced 2 crore budget to renovate the stadium and make a shooting range. Currently a state level [[association football]] academy is running the stadium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=जोधपुर में खेलों को लेकर सुदृढ़ प्लान बनेगा, कलेक्टर ने किया स्टेडियम का दौरा|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/rajasthan/city/jodhpur/jodhpur-plan-for-development-of-play-ground-collector-visited-the-stadium/rj20201215170517917|access-date=2021-08-06|website=ETV Bharat News|language=en}}</ref>

A football club from Jaipur, [[AU Rajasthan FC]] borrowed the stadium for their [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd division]] matches.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Umaid Singh Stadium, home to Rajasthan FC - Football Ground Map|url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/umaid-singh-stadium/rajasthan-fc|access-date=2021-08-06|website=www.footballgroundmap.com}}</ref>
Now it is owned by Govt of Rajasthan which uses it for various purposes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Diwas|first=Yog|title=Yoga in Umaid Stadt|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/latest-jodhpur-news-044504-2022887.html/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-23|title=जोधपुर के उम्मेद स्टेडियम में हुईं राज्य स्तरीय गणतंत्र दिवस समारोह की तैयारियां पूरी|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jodhpur-state-level-republic-day-celebration-to-be-held-in-ummed-stadium-jodhpur-937326.html|access-date=2021-08-06|website=News18 Hindi|language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|26.29062|73.02985|type:landmark_globe:earth_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Football venues in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1932]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jodhpur]]
[[Category:AU Rajasthan FC]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in India]]

Prasoon Joshi

2026-01-11T21:41:03Z

NydiaChiodo9: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Indian poet, lyricist, screenwriter, producer}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prasoon Joshi
| honorific_suffix = [[Padma Shri|PS]]
| image = Prasoon Joshi (Cropped).png
| caption = Joshi in 2014
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|9|16}}
| birth_place = [[Almora]], Uttar Pradesh (present{{endash}}day [[Uttarakhand]]), India
| awards = [[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award]] (2007, 2008, and 2014) [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]] (2007 and 2013) Cannes Lions Gold (2003)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Rahul |title=India wins 2 Golds and 2 Silvers at Cannes ad fest so far |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/cannes-lions-2003/latest-on-cannes/india-wins-2-golds-and-2-silvers-at-cannes-ad-fest-so-far/articleshow/27769.cms |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IFAA]] (2007, 2010 and 2014)<ref>{{cite news |title=IIFA Awards 2014: 'Bhaag Milkha Bhaag' wins 9 awards |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2014-bhaag-milkha-bhaag-wins-9-awards-1498729.html |work=Firstpost |date=28 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prasoon Joshi Awards: List of awards and nominations received by Prasoon Joshi {{!}} Times of India Entertainment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Prasoon-Joshi/awards |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Rang De Basanti' sweeps IIFA awards |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rang-de-basanti-sweeps-iifa-awards-1102383 |work=DNA India |date=10 June 2007 |language=en}}</ref>
| honours = {{bulleted list|[[Padma Shri]] (2015)|Doctorate D.Litt. from [[Kumaun University]] (2018)<ref>{{cite news |title=Prasoon Joshi conferred with D.Lit in Nainital |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/prasoon-joshi-conferred-with-d-lit-in-nainital.html |work=The Pioneer |date=29 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>|Doctorate D.Phil. from [[Amity University, Mumbai|Amity University]] (2017)<ref>{{cite news |title=Prasoon Joshi gets Honorary Doctorate from Amity University |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2017/02/prasoon-joshi-gets-honorary-doctorate-from-amity-university |work=www.bestmediaifo.com |date=18 February 2017}}</ref>|[[Hakim Khan Sur|Hakim Khan Sur Award]] for value for the cause of national integration (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=MMCF announces names of personalities to be awarded |url=https://udaipurtimes.com/people/mmcf-announces-names-of-personalities-to-be-awarded/c74416-w2859-cid106479-s10707.htm |website=udaipurtimes.com |language=en |date=26 February 2016}}</ref>|Maharaja Sayajirao Bhasha Samman for Hindi (2015)<ref>{{cite web |title=Prasoon Joshi gets award |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/prasoon-joshi-gets-award/article7774299.ece |website=@businessline |language=en}}</ref>|Distinguished Alumni from IMT Ghaziabad<ref>{{cite news |title=IMT Ghaziabads alumnus Prasoon Joshi conferred the Special Lifetime IMT-Community Award at Annual Convocation 2015 by his Alma Mater |url=https://www.apnnews.com/imt-ghaziabads-alumnus-prasoon-joshi-conferred-the-special-lifetime-imt-community-award-at-annual-convocation-2015-by-his-alma-mater/}}</ref>}}
| occupation = Poet, writer, communication specialist
| years_active = 1992–present
| title = [[Chairperson]] of the [[Censor Board of India]]
| module =
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| office= Chairman of Central Board of Film Certification
| term_start = 12 August 2017
| predecessor = [[Pahlaj Nihalani]]
}}
}}

'''Prasoon Joshi''' (born 16 September 1971) is an Indian [[poet]], [[writer]], [[lyricist]], [[screenwriter]], communication specialist and marketer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Venkatesh|first=M. R.|date=2019-02-04|title=How polarised responses miss nuanced precariousness of art and life|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/040219/how-polarised-responses-miss-nuanced-precariousness-of-art-and-life.html|access-date=2020-11-30|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|language=en}}</ref> He is the [[CEO]] of [[McCann Worldgroup|McCann World group]] India and Chairman APAC (Asia Pacific), a subsidiary of the global marketing firm [[McCann Erickson]]. He was appointed as the Chairperson of the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] on 11 August 2017.

Prasoon has received the [[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award]] three times, in 2007 and 2008 and again in 2014 for the Hindi movie ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''. He has also received the [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics]] twice, for his work in ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' (2007), and ''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]'' (2013).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131022235732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-19/news-interviews/43198948_1_prasoon-joshi-viswaroopam-2-kamal-haasan Prasoon Joshi for Kamal Haasan's Viswaroopam 2 – Times Of India]</ref> He was awarded [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]] in 2015, for his contributions towards the field of Arts, Literature and Advertising.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/humbled-motivated-prasoon-joshi-on-winning-padma-shri/ |title= Humbled, motivated: Prasoon Joshi on winning Padma Shri |date= 26 January 2015}}</ref> He is one of the trustees of [[IGNCA]], a member of [[Nehru Memorial Museum & Library]] Society Panel and is among the select 120 members of the National Committee for Commemoration of 150th Birth Anniversary of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/movies/hindi/prasoon-joshi-chandra-prakash-dwivedi-in-trust-of-indira-gandhi-national-centre-for-the-arts-160414 |title= Prasoon Joshi, Chandra Prakash Dwivedi in Trust of Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |date= 17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajat-sharma-prasoon-in-nmml-society-congmen-out/articleshow/71931363.cms |title= Rajat Sharma, Prasoon in NMML society, Congmen out |date= 17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uniindia.com/kovind-to-preside-over-pm-headed-panel-on-gandhi-150th-birth-anniversary/india/news/1217017.html |title= Kovind to preside over PM-headed panel on Gandhi 150th birth anniversary |date= 17 December 2019}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Prasoon Joshi spent his earliest years in the north Indian state of [[Uttarakhand]] (then part of [[Uttar Pradesh]]). His father, D.K. Joshi, was the Additional Director of the state's Education Service. These early years all across the northern India – and spending time in places like [[Almora]], [[Nainital]] (where his extended family and relatives still live), [[Tehri]], [[Chamoli Gopeshwar]], and later [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Meerut]] and [[Delhi]]<ref name=cannes>[http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/oct/19inter1.htm Meet Prasoon Joshi, India's ad guru] by Shyamal Majumdar. ''[[Rediff.com]]'', 19 October 2005.</ref><ref>[http://www.creativeuttarakhand.com/cu/celebrities/prasoon_joshi.html Prasoon Joshi Interview] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20100221015458/http://www.creativeuttarakhand.com/cu/celebrities/prasoon_joshi.html |date=21 February 2010 }} ''creativeuttarakhand'' (Myor Pahad).</ref> – gave Prasoon a remarkable feel for the real Indian pulse that he is now celebrated for in his screenplays, dialogues, lyrics, and advertising. His mother, Sushma Joshi, a lecturer in political science, performed for the [[All India Radio]] for over three decades.<ref name=eco>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/The_Leisure_Lounge/Breakfast_With_Prasoon_Joshi/articleshow/3006049.cms Breakfast With Prasoon Joshi], ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 3 May 2008.</ref> His parents are qualified classical vocalists and daily home life for the young Prasoon was marked with academic discipline, a rich vein of the artistic life and a strong sense of music and culture.<ref name=eco3>{{cite web|title=prasoon-joshi-bollywood-mann-ke-manjeere|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-01/news/46897958_1_prasoon-joshi-bollywood-mann-ke-manjeere|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215201721/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-01/news/46897958_1_prasoon-joshi-bollywood-mann-ke-manjeere|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 February 2014|website=Economictimes.com|publisher=The Economic Times|access-date=22 November 2015|ref=eco3}}</ref>

He started writing early in life and published his first book at age 17, ''Main Aur Woh'', a 'conversation with himself'.<ref name=eco/> Two more books Dard So Raha Hai and Samadhan followed establishing him as an author.

His book, ''Sunshine Lanes'', a collection of his songs, was launched at the [[Jaipur Literature Festival]] in January 2013.
Prasoon's latest book ‘''Thinking Aloud’ '' a collection of essays on emerging India was published in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thinking Aloud by Prasoon Joshi – Review|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/book-reviews/thinking-aloud-by-prasoon-joshi-review|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref>

Prasoon did his [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] and post graduation in Physics, then elected to pursue an MBA from [[Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad|Institute Of Management Technology, Ghaziabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prasoon Joshi: 10 things to know about the new CBFC chief|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/prasoon-joshi-10-things-to-know-about-the-new-cbfc-chief|access-date=2020-11-30|website=[[Free Press Journal]]|language=en}}</ref> During his [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] education he decided to fuse his love for culture and art and his faculty for the commercial dynamic and make his career in advertising.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Balakrishnan|first=Ravi|title=How Prasoon Joshi is juggling between two demanding careers; advertising and films|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/how-prasoon-joshi-is-juggling-between-two-demanding-careers-advertising-and-films/articleshow/29688714.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref>

==Advertising==
Prasoon started his career with [[Ogilvy & Mather]] in Delhi. In just 10 years, he was appointed the Executive Creative Director of the Mumbai office. In early 2002, he joined [[McCann-Erickson]] as Executive Vice-President and National Creative Director. By 2006, he was the Regional Creative Director for South and South East Asia. In December 2006 he was promoted to Executive Chairman for McCann Worldgroup India and Regional Creative Director for Asia Pacific.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/823437.cms McCann top deck gets a new look] ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 16 December 2006.</ref>

Joshi is known for creating brand-building work for multinational brands including [[Nestlé|Nestle]], [[Coca-Cola|Coca cola]], [[Microsoft]], [[Mastercard]], [[L'Oréal|L’Oréal]], Intel X Box, [[Reckitt Benckiser]], [[Unilever]], Perfetti, [[Johnson & Johnson|J&J]], as well as Indian Brands like [[Britannia Industries|Britannia]], [[Marico|Saffola]], [[Dabur]], ITC foods, [[TVS Motor Company|TVS motors]], [[Reliance Industries|Reliance]], [[Jio|Reliance Jio]], [[Paytm]], [[Radio Mirchi|RadioMirchi]], and media brands like [[NDTV]] India (''Sach dikhate hain hum''), [[Times Now]], [[CNBC TV18|CNBC]], [[CNN-News18|CNN IBN]], and the Cannes-winning ''Thanda matlab Coca-Cola'' campaign with [[Aamir Khan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maggi got back: Prasoon Joshi likely to create comeback campaign - ET BrandEquity|url=http://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/maggi-got-back-prasoon-joshi-likely-to-create-comeback-campaign/49426718|access-date=2020-11-30|website=[[The Economic Times]]|language=en}}</ref>

His Happydent television commercial was listed by [[Bob Garfield]] of [[Advertising Age|AdvertisingAge]] as one of his personal choices for the Cannes Gold in 2007,<ref name="2007cannes">[http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-will-there-be-happy-dent-smiles-at-cannes-1103589 Will there be Happy sent smiles at Cannes?] by Pritha Mitra Dasgupta. ''DNAindia.com'', 16 June 2007.</ref> and it was chosen by a Gunn Report poll as one of the 20 best ads of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dasgupta |first=Pritha Mitra |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/advertising/prasoon-joshis-happydent-commercial-among-20-best-ads-of-21st-century-report/articleshow/50019407.cms |title=Prasoon Joshi's Happydent commercial among 20 best ads of 21st century |newspaper=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]] |date=3 December 2015 |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sinha |first=Suveen |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/happydent-palace-ad-is-among-20-best-this-century/story-Ol5jpnWxGzkJfl0BnhnhnK.html |title=Happydent Palace ad is among 20 best this century |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 December 2015 |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref>

His works were utilized for various social campaigns in India: [[Swachh Bharat Mission|Swacch Bharat]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-14|title=Prasoon Joshi pens song on Swacch Bharat Abhiyan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/prasoon-joshi-pens-song-on-swacch-bharat-abhiyan/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> education, [[polio eradication]], [[malnutrition]], women empowerment,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vijayakar|first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR|title=Prasoon Joshi Pens Emotional Poem for Femina's Initiative #ActAgainstAbuse|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/prasoon-joshi-pens-emotional-poem-for-femina-s-initiative-actagainstabuse/article_457b5ffe-f77f-11ea-8033-4b4e220764f5.html|access-date=2020-11-30|website=India West|language=en}}</ref> child rights,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-07|title=Prasoon Joshi shames the patriarchal society, honours girl child in his hard-hitting verse|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/prasoon-joshi-shames-the-patriarchal-society-honours-girl-child-in-his-hard-hitting-verse-2995844/|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> against student suicide, and [[Millennium Development Goals|UN millennium goals]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayaz|first=Shaikh|date=2006-10-18|title=dna|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/node/1059133%20https:|access-date=2020-11-30|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> His contribution was acknowledged for the 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sharma|first1=Samidha|year=2014|title=Piyush Pandey, Prasoon Joshi and Sam Balsara to helm BJP's Rs 400 crore poll drive {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Piyush-Pandey-Prasoon-Joshi-and-Sam-Balsara-to-helm-BJPs-Rs-400-crore-poll-drive/articleshow/30691153.cms|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> and subsequently 2019 elections.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/catalyst/2007/02/08/stories/2007020800110300.htm Prasoon Joshi. Rising Indian] ''[[Business Line]]'', ''[[The Hindu]]'', 8 February 2007.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Suhani|title='People Are Brands'|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20190415-people-are-brands-q-a-1494810-2019-04-05|access-date=2020-11-30|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==Film career==
[[File:Gulzar javedakhtar prasoonjoshi.jpg|thumb|Javed Akhtar, Prasoon Joshi and Gulzar]]
Prasoon made his debut as a film lyricist with [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]'s ''[[Lajja (2001 film)|Lajja]]'', a critical and commercial success, and this soon led to [[Yash Chopra]]'s ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' and a string of highly successful Bollywood films like ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'', ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'', ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'', ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' and ''[[Delhi 6]]''. With ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' (2006), he also became a dialogue writer.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lucknow-times/adman-prasoon-joshi-has-now-turned-dialogue-writer/articleshow/1328937.cms Adman Prasoon Joshi has now turned dialogue-writer!] ''[[The Times of India]]'', 12 December 2005.</ref>

He won the [[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award]] for "[[Chand Sifarish]]" from the film ''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' in 2007 and for "Maa" from ''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' in 2008. He has won the prestigious National Award twice. The first for his work in Taare Zameen Par and the second one in 2013 for Chittagong.

He has also written the script for the award-winning 2014 film ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''.

As a [[Central Board of Film Certification|CBFC]] chairman he has maintained the fine balance between the filmmakers and societal sensitivities, instituted dialogue discussion instead of controversy and has played a big role in digitising CBFC functionality.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/prasoon-joshi-cbfc-has-to-balance-cinematic-sensibilities-and-social-sensitivities/articleshow/66460041.cms |title= Prasoon Joshi: CBFC has to balance cinematic sensibilities and social sensitivities |date= 17 December 2019}}</ref>

==Global and national recognition==
In 2008, he was invited as the Cannes Jury chairman and in 2009, he was named among the exclusive 10-member Cannes Titanium and Integrated Jury at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canneslions.com/lions/videos.cfm?media_id=1367&tag=107 |title=Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity - Lions + |access-date=23 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708114237/http://www.canneslions.com/lions/videos.cfm?media_id=1367&tag=107 |archive-date=8 July 2011 }}
[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ET-Cetera/Prasoon-Joshi--on-Cannes-Titanium-jury/articleshow/4197932.cms Prasoon Joshi on Cannes Titanium jury] ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 27 February 2009.</ref> In 2006, he was chosen a 'Young Global Leader 2006' by the Forum of Young Global Leaders, an affiliate of the [[World Economic Forum]],<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/13wef.htm Prasoon Joshi chosen Young Global Leader] ''[[Rediff.com]]'', 13 January 2006.</ref> In 2007, he was asked to be a judge of the nationally popular reality singing competition ''Dhoom Macha De'' on [[NDTV Imagine]].<ref>[http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/news/imagine-ropes-shankar-prasoon-281107.html NDTV ropes in Shankar Mahadevan and Prasoon Joshi] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120713224105/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/television/top-stories/news/imagine-ropes-shankar-prasoon-281107.html |date=13 July 2012 }} Wednesday, 28 November 2007.</ref> Joshi was part of the select three-member Core Creative Advisory Committee for the [[Commonwealth Games 2010]] opening and closing ceremonies, with [[Shyam Benegal]] and [[Javed Akhtar]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-08-23|title='CWG closing and opening galas on track'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/cwg-closing-and-opening-galas-on-track/story-eCjo03xx6td2H2fEMGqorM.html|access-date=2020-11-30|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

===Social theme work===
*Tata Jagriti Anthem<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/around-india-in-18-days-35925-2008-12-24|title = Around India in 18 days}}</ref>
*Dettol Swachh Bharat<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/marketing/45828_indian-ocean-jams-with-dettol-for-banega-swachh-india|title=Indian Ocean jams with Dettol for 'Banega Swachh India'}}</ref>
*Poshan Anthem<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/vice-president-launches-bharatiya-poshan-anthem-119120301082_1.html|title = Vice President launches 'Bharatiya Poshan Anthem'|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 3 December 2019|agency = Press Trust of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Vishwaroopam II|Vishwaroop II]]'' (2018)
*''[[Neerja]]'' (2016)
*''[[Margarita With A Straw]]'' (2015)
*''[[Satyagraha – Democracy Under Fire|Satyagraha]]'' (2013)
*''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' (2013)
*''[[Ishkq in Paris]]'' (2012)
*''[[Teri Meri Kahaani (film)|Teri Meri Kahaani]]'' (2012)
*''[[Aarakshan]]'' (2011)
*''[[Break Ke Baad]]'' (2010)
*''[[Sikandar (2009 film)|Sikandar]]'' (2009)
*''[[London Dreams]]'' (2009)
*''[[Delhi 6]]'' (2009)
*''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]'' (2008)
*''[[Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic]]'' (2008)
*''[[Taare Zameen Par]]'' (2007)
*''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]'' (2006)
*''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' (2006)
*''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'' (2005)
*''[[Rok Sako To Rok Lo]]'' (2004)
*''[[Phir Milenge (2004 film)|Phir Milenge]]'' (2004)
*''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' (2004)
*''[[Aankhen (2002 film)|Aankhen]]'' (2002)
*''Kyon?'' (2003)
*''[[Love at Times Square]]'' (2003)
*''[[Lajja (2001 film)|Lajja]]'' (2001)
*''[[Bhopal Express (film)|Bhopal Express]]'' (1999)
{{div col end}}

When Prasoon watched the film ''[[Sikandar (2009 film)|Sikander]]'', he was inspired by it and wrote a song called "Dhoop ke sikke". Later, this song was incorporated in the film.<ref>Subhash K. Jha 17 March 2009 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728222738/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/news/type/view/id/1173865/sorttype//Prasoon+Joshi+gets+inspired+after+watching+Sikandar,+pens+down+a+poetry Prasoon Joshi gets inspired after watching Sikandar, pens down a poetry] Bollywood Hungama, accessed on 10 April 2012</ref>

===Private albums===
He has been the lyricist for several [[Indipop]] albums which have been hits:
*''Mann Ke Manjeere'', an album on women's dreams for human rights organisation [[Breakthrough (human rights)|Breakthrough]], sung by [[Shubha Mudgal]] (2000)
*''Ab Ke Saawan'' for [[Shubha Mudgal]] (1999)
*''Dooba Dooba Rehta Hoon'' for [[Silk Route (band)|Silk Route]]

==Short films on malnutrition==
Prasoon Joshi and [[Aamir Khan]] have decided to prepare 50 short films on [[malnutrition]] after being invited by the prime minister of India. According to Mr. Joshi, Aamir and himself got along well because they do not compromise their work.<ref>IANS 7 May 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202125113/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-07/news-interviews/31609739_1_bollywood-star-aamir-khan-taare-zameen-par-prasoon-joshi Aamir, Prasoon Joshi to make 50 short films on malnutrition] (Accessed on 26 May 2012)</ref>

==Awards==
He was awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 2015.<ref name=pdma>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128022143/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114952|publisher=Press Information Bureau|access-date=25 January 2015|archive-date=28 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Nominated work
!Award
!Category
!Result
|-
|2003
|''Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola'' campaign
|[[Cannes Lion Awards|Cannes Lion Award]]
|[[Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival|International Advertising Festival]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|2005
|''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]''
|[[Screen Awards]]
|[[Star Screen Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "'Hum Tum'")
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="8" |2007
| rowspan="5" |''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
|''Media'' magazine
|No. 1 Creative Director in Asia Pacific
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (for the song " "Masti Ki Pathshala")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Global Indian Film Awards]]
|[[GIFA Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]]
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Roobaroo")
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |''[[Fanaa (2006 film)|Fanaa]]''
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Chand Sifarish")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Chand Sifarish")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Bollywood Movie Awards]]
|[[Bollywood Movie Award - Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Chand Sifarish")
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="5" |2008
| rowspan="5" |''[[Taare Zameen Par]]''
|[[National Film Award (India)|National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Maa")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Maa")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|[[Zee Cine Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (for the song " "Maa")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
|Best Lyricist (for the song " "Maa")
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Star Screen Award|Screen Awards]]
|[[Star Screen Award Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (for the song " "Maa")
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|{{N/a}}
|[[NDTV Indian of the Year]]
|Special Award for Lyrics
|{{Won}}
|-
|''[[Ghajini (2008 film)|Ghajini]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Guzarish")
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |2010
| rowspan="4" |''[[Delhi-6]]''
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Masakali")
|{{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Rehna Tu")
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2nd Mirchi Music Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2009/hindi/winners.html|title=Mirchi Music Award 2009|website=www.radiomirchi.com|access-date=15 February 2019}}</ref>
| Album of The Year
|{{won}}
|-
| Lyricist of The Year (for the song "Masakali")
|{{won}}
|-
|2010
| ''[[Break Ke Baad]]''
| [[3rd Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Album of The Year|Album of The Year]]
| {{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130070949/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2011|title=Nominees – Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Aarakshan]]''
| [[4th Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Music Composer of The Year|Upcoming Music Composer of The Year]] (for the song "Saans Albeli")
| {{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/nominees.php|title=Nominations – Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2011|date=30 January 2013|access-date=24 May 2018|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130161203/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/nominees.php|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''[[Chittagong (film)|Chittagong]]''
|[[National Film Award (India)|National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Bolo Naa")
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="7" |2014
| rowspan="7" |''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
|[[Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]] (for the song "Zinda")
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Producers Guild Film Awards]]
|[[Star Guild Awards|Best Screenplay]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|[[Star Guild Awards|Best Story]]
|{{Won}}
|-
| [[6th Mirchi Music Awards|Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Lyricist of The Year|Lyricist of The Year]] (for the song "Maston Ka Jhund")
| {{won}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/mirchi-music-awards-2014-winners-shahrukh-khan-farhan-akhtar-honoured-aashiqui-2-wins-7-trophies-17842/|title=Mirchi Music Awards 2014 winners: Shahrukh Khan, Farhan Akhtar honoured; Aashiqui 2 wins 7 trophies|last=Parande|first=Shweta|date=28 February 2014|work=India.com|access-date=24 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|{{N/a}}
|[[Government of India]]
|[[Padma Shri]] (for contribution in Arts)
|{{Draw|Honorary}}
|-
|2021
| Film personality
|[[52nd International Film Festival of India]]
|[[International Film Festival of India#Indian Film Personality of the Year|Indian Film Personality of the Year]]
|{{Won|Honoured}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/hema-malini-prasoon-joshi-indian-film-personality-of-the-year-award-at-iffi-anurag-thakur-745636|title=Hema Malini, Prasoon Joshi to be honoured with 'Indian Film Personality of the Year' award at IFFI|date=18 November 2021|access-date=18 November 2021|newspaper=India TV News}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Personal life==
Prasoon's wife Aparna works in the field of preserving and promoting Indian classical and [[folk music]] and is the co-founder of the India Music Summit. They have been married for over a decade and have a daughter named Aishaanya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I find women more mature than men: Prasoon Joshi - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/I-find-women-more-mature-than-men-Prasoon-Joshi/articleshow/20892183.cms|access-date=2020-11-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood's new bard on infusing poetry into lyrics |url=https://www.theweek.in/webworld/features/society/bollywood-new-bard-prasoon-joshi.html |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf_GWfuk25w A poem by Prasoon on Ayodhya]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvN6a8ZOlCg&NR=1 A poem by Prasoon: The girl is talking to her father]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHi7jWzIG4o Prasoon Joshi Exposes Indian Ad Industry]

{{commons category}}
*{{IMDb name|1535946}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{IFFI - Indian Film Personality of the year Award}}
{{National Film Award Best Lyrics}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestLyricist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Prasoon}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Indian copywriters]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Almora]]
[[Category:Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Best Lyrics National Film Award winners]]

Krishnapura matha

2025-12-02T09:49:15Z

NydiaChiodo9: added references

{{Short description|Madhwa Vaishnava monastery}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Krishnapurmath1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Krishnapur Matha at Udupi]]
{{DvaitaInfobox}}
The '''Krishnapur Matha''' ({{langx|kn|'''ಕೃಷ್ಣಾಪುರ ಮಠ'''}} '''कृष्णपुरा मठ''' ''Kr̥ṣṇāpura maṭha'') or Krishnapur Mutt in some records and literature is a [[Madhwa]] [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] monastery. It is one of the [[Ashta Mathas of Udupi]] founded by [[Dvaita]] philosopher [[Madhvacharya]] of [[Udupi]]. Krishnapur Matha is currently headed by Vidyasagara Theertha.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/31/stories/2005123103630200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105103056/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/31/stories/2005123103630200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-11-05 |title = Krishnapur swamiji's "Purapravesha" |accessdate= 2009-09-23 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2005-12-31}}</ref> The first [[swami]] of this monastery was Janardhana Theertha, who was one of the direct disciples of Madhvacharya. Its presiding deity is Kalingamardhana [[Krishna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://carstreetonline.com/?cat=35 |title=The Krishnapur Mutt |accessdate=2009-09-23 |publisher=Studio press magazine theme |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708122406/http://carstreetonline.com/?cat=35 |archive-date=8 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The present swamiji (mathadeesha or peethadipati) of Krishnapura Matha Shri Vidyasagara Theertha ascended paryaya for fourth time on 18 January 2022 and completed his two year term of performing pooje to Lord Krishna at Shri Krishna Matha, Car street, Udupi on 17 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/sri-vidyasagara-tirtha-ascends-paryaya-for-fourth-time-in-udupi-sri-krishna-mutt/article38286073.ece|title=Sri Vidyasagara Tirtha ascends paryaya for fourth time in Udupi Sri Krishna Mutt|publisher= The Hindu, English daily newspaper|access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/paryaya-2022-sri-vidyasagara-theertha-swamiji-ascends-paryaya-peeta-in-udupi|title=paryaya 2022 sri vidyasagara theertha swamiji ascends paryaya peeta in udupi|publisher=Udayavani|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>

This monastic order has many branches all over [[India]]. Some are at Udupi, Ramanakatte, Padigaru, [[Pejavara]], [[Dandathirtha]], [[Padubidri]] and others mostly in districts of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and Udupi of Karnataka and one in [[Allahabad|Prayag]] ([[Allahabad]]).

The Krishnapur Matha owned last large tracts of land, but lost due to enactment of the law "Tiller is the owner of Land" by then [[Chief minister]] of [[Karnataka]] state [[Devaraj Urs]] in 1974.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/05/stories/2009090551830300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909210537/http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/05/stories/2009090551830300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-09-09 |title = Special court for disposal of land disputes |accessdate= 2009-09-23 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2009-09-05}}</ref>

The Matha (monastery) at [[Krishnapur, Karnataka|Krishnapur]], which is Three (3) kilometres from [[Surathkal]] locality of [[Mangalore]], is the main Matha (Mata) from which the name has been derived.The matha houses a [[Mukyaprana]] temple inside where [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]] is performed every day. The present Matha at Krishnapur was built by Sri Vidyamurthi Theertha who is twenty sixth Swamiji in this lineage built Matha (monastery at) Krishnapur. There is a [[Mukhyaprana]] [[Hanuman]] temple inside the Matha. The structure of the building is mostly made of wood. This type of structure is rare in the age of concrete buildings nowadays.

== Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Krishnapurmath1.jpg|Krishnapur Matha at Udupi
File:Krishnapura Matha North side.jpg|Mukara at Krishnapur
File:Sanctorum at Krishnapura Matha.jpg|Sanctum Santorumn
File:Wood pillar in Krishnapura matha.jpg|Wood carving on pillar at Krishnapura matha
File:mathamukara.jpg|Wood structure supporting roof at Krishnapura
File:Pillars made from wood in Matha.jpg|Pillars made from wood in Matha
</gallery>

== The lineage of Swamiji's (Guru parampara) of Krishnapur Matha ==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2021}}
*Sri [[Madhvacharya]] (1238-1317)
*Sri Janaradhana Teertha (1317-1319)
*Sri Srivatsanka Teertha (1319-1359)
*Sri Vageesha Teertha (1359-1407)
*Sri Lokesha Teertha (1407-1447)
*Sri Lokanaatha Teertha (1447-1461)
*Sri Lokapoojya Teertha (1461-1473)
*Sri Vidyaaraja Teertha (1473-1483)
*Sri Vishwaaadhiraja Teertha (1483-1493)
*Sri Vishwaadheesha Teertha (1493-1506)
*Sri Vishwesha Teertha (1506-1519)
*Sri Vishwavandya Teertha (1519-1530)
*Sri Vishwaraaja Teertha (1530-1541)
*Sri Dharaneedhara Teertha (1541-1555)
*Sri Dharaadhara Teertha (1555-1567)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madhwamrutha.org/krishnapura-mutt-parampare/|title=Krishnapura Mutt|publisher=Madhwamrutha.org|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>
*Sri Prajnaamoorthi Teertha-I (1567-1578)
*Sri Tapomoorthi Teertha (1578-1589)
*Sri Sureshwara Teertha (1589-1601)
*Sri Jagannaatha Teertha (1601-1614)
*Sri Suresha Teertha (1614-1627)
*Sri Vishwapungava Teertha (1627-1638)
*Sri Vishwavallabha Teertha (1638-1649)
*Sri Vishwabhooshana Teertha (1649-1659)
*Sri Yaadhavendra Teertha (1659-1670)
*Sri Prajnaamoorthi Teertha II (1670-1701)
*Sri Vidyaadhiraja Teertha (1701-1705)
*Sri Vidyamoorthi Teertha (1705-1766)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madhwayati.blogspot.com/2019/02/vidyamurthi-teertharu-bailupejavara.html|title=vidyamurthi teertharu bailupejavara matha krishnapura mutt yati 27 bhadrapada shukla ashtami ವಿದ್ಯಾಮೂರ್ತಿ ತೀರ್ಥರು|publisher=madhwayati.blogspot.com|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>
*Sri Vidyavallabha Teertha (1766-1775)
*Sri Vidyendra Teertha (1775-1784)
*Sri Vidyaanidhi Teertha (1784-1799)
*Sri Vidyaasamudra Teertha (1799-1820)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madhwasakha.com/guru/shri-vidyasamudra-teertharu/116|title=Shri Vidyasamudra Teertharu|publisher=Madhwasakha, portal for Madhva's|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>
*Sri Vidyaapathi Teertha (died before assuming office) (1820-1820)
*Sri Vidyaadheesha Teertha (1820-1886)
[[File:Vidyadheesha.png|thumb]]
*Sri Vidyaapoorna Teertha(1886-1938)
*Sri Vidyarathna Teertha (1938-1972)
*Sri Vidya Saagara Teertha (present Swamiji)(1972)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.tirumala.org/chief-pontiff-of-sri-krishnapura-matha-udipi-offered-prayers-to-lord-venkateswara/#|title=CHIEF PONTIFF OF SRI KRISHNAPURA MATHA, UDIPI OFFERED PRAYERS TO LORD VENKATESWARA|publisher=TTD.news|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
<references/>
*" UDUPI AN INTRODUCTION " a booklet published by Krishnapur Mutt.
{{commons}}
{{Ashta Mathas of Udupi}}

[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Ashta Mathas of Udupi|Krishnapur Matha]]
[[Category:Madhavacharya mathas in India]]
[[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Dvaita Vedanta]]
[[Category:Madhva tradition]]

{{india-hindu-temple-stub}}

Riopa deccanensis

2025-11-27T10:18:46Z

NydiaChiodo9: New!

{{Short description|Species of skink}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Riopa
| species = deccanensis
| authority = Bhupathi, Ray, Karuthapandi, Jaiswal, Deepak & Mohapatra, 2025
}}

'''''Riopa deccanensis''''' is a species of skink found in India. It was discovered from the forest of [[Eastern Ghats]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhupathi |first=Bharath |last2=Ray |first2=Sumidh |last3=Karuthapandi |first3=M. |last4=Jaiswal |first4=Deepa |last5=Deepak |first5=V. |last6=Mohapatra |first6=Pratyush P. |date=2025-06-13 |title=A new species of Riopa Gray, 1839 (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from the Eastern Ghats, India |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5647.2.2 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=5647 |issue=2 |pages=117–130 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5647.2.2 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pranathi |first=Laxmi |date=2025-06-13 |title=New Skink Species Found In Eastern Ghats After 84-Year Gap |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/new-skink-species-found-in-eastern-ghats-after-84-year-gap-1885042 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
This species is named after the [[Deccan Plateau]] where the 2 sites from which it was discovered lies.

== Distribution ==
At the time of describing this species in 2025, this skink has been recorded from the [[Amrabad|Amrababad Tiger Reserve]] in [[Telangana]] and [[Seshachalam Hills biosphere|Seshachalam Biosphere]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]].

== Description ==
It has16 longitudinal stripes running down the back. Its lower eyelid has a semitransparent disk. The feet has five toes and five fingers and scales covering its ear opening.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q135103348}}

[[Category:Riopa|deccanensis]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2025]]
[[Category:Reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]

{{Lygosominae-stub}}

Bahadur Singh Chauhan

2025-11-25T18:44:00Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{Short description|Indian shot putter}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name =
| image = Bahadur Singh Chouhan 1974cr.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| caption = Singh at the 1974 Asian Games
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality =
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|8 February 1946}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = 179 cm
| weight = 105 kg
| country =
| sport = Athletics
| event = [[Shot put]]
| pb = 18.66 (1976)<ref name=sr/><ref name=all/>
| club =
| alma_mater =
| retired =
| olympics =
| highestranking =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1978 Asian Games|1978 Bangkok]]|[[Athletics at the 1978 Asian Games|Shot put]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1982 Asian Games|1982 New Delhi]]|[[Athletics at the 1982 Asian Games|Shot put]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Olympic Association. |url=https://olympic.ind.in/winner-athletes/67 |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=olympic.ind.in}}</ref>
{{MedalSilver|[[1974 Asian Games|1974 Tehran]]|[[Athletics at the 1974 Asian Games|Shot put]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1975 Asian Athletics Championships|1975 Seoul]]|Shot put}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1981 Asian Athletics Championships|1981 Tokya]]|Shot put}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1973 Asian Athletics Championships|1973 Manila]]|Shot put}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1979 Asian Athletics Championships|1979 Tokyo]]|Shot put}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1985 Asian Athletics Championships|1985 Jakarta]]|Shot put}}
}}
'''Bahadur Singh Chauhan,''' born on 8 February 1946 in a Sikh [[Rajput]] family is a former [[India]]n [[shot put]]ter. Between 1973 and 1985 he won three gold, two silver and three bronze medals at the Asian Games and Championships. He placed 15th at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]],<ref name=sr/> and was honoured with [[Arjuna award]] and [[Padma Shri]]. He is a recipient of [[Dronacharya Award]], by the [[government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://yas.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/7000365931.htm |title=List of awardees of Dronacharya Award |access-date=14 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120012751/http://yas.nic.in/writereaddata/linkimages/7000365931.htm |archive-date=20 November 2012 }}</ref> He worked as the head coach of India's athletics team before retiring in 2020<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-18 |title=No contract extension for India's athletics head coach Bahadur Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/no-contract-extension-for-indias-athletics-head-coach-bahadur-singh/articleshow/76436381.cms |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Bahadur Singh Chauhan}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=all>[http://www.all-athletics.com/node/296877 Bahadur SING]. all-athletics.com</ref>
<ref name=sr>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418115921/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/si/bahadur-singh-1.html Bahadur Singh]. sports-reference.com</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Asian Games Champions Athletics Shot Put Men}}
{{Footer Asian Champions men's shot put}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Bahadur Singh}}
[[Category:Indian men shot putters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Dronacharya Award]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1974 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Olympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships winners]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in athletics (track and field)]]

{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}

Parihar (clan)

2025-11-10T20:56:05Z

NydiaChiodo9: New!

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Short description|Clan in India}}
{{Infobox tribe
| name = Parihar
| local name = परिहार
| type = [[clan]]
| location = [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| language = [[Hindi]], [[Kachi Koli language|Koli]], [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], [[Braj Bhasa]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| surnames = [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]], [[Rana (title)|Rana]], [[Singh]]
| image =
}}
The''' Parihar or Pratihar '''(also spelled as '''Purihar'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Doshi |first=Shambu Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WEMkAQAAIAAJ |title=Anthropology of Food and Nutrition |date=1995 |publisher=Rawat Publications |isbn=978-81-7033-278-7 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref> and '''Padihar''') is a clan ([[gotra]]) found in the [[Rajput]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wagner |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1CBDAAAQBAJ&dq=Parihar+rajput&pg=PA82 |title=Thuggee: Banditry and the British in Early Nineteenth-Century India |date=2007-07-12 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer]] |isbn=978-0-230-59020-5 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=82: Nominally, Parihara was held by Parihar Rajputs and Sursae on the Maratha side of the border by Kachwaha Rajputs, but in reality Kachwaha Rajputs held four of Parihara's 16 villages including Sindouse, while the remaining 12 belonged to Parihar Rajputs |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Shivani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHA8PgAACAAJ |title=Koli Culture: A Profile of the Culture of Talpad Vistar |date=2003-07-01 |publisher=Cosmo Publication |isbn=978-81-7020-018-5 |location=[[New Delhi]], [[India]], [[Asia]] |pages=98 |language=en}}</ref> [[Meena]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Behera |first=Maguni Charan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZJCEAAAQBAJ&dq=Parihar+clan+Meena&pg=PA281 |title=Tribe-British Relations in India: Revisiting Text, Perspective and Approach |date=2021-09-11 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-981-16-3424-6 |location=New Delhi, India, Asia |pages=281: The Parihar Meenas were marked as a wild race of marauders residing in Jahazpur and Bundi region |language=en}}</ref> and [[Gadia Lohar]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=A. N. |last2=Yadav |first2=Ankur |last3=Jain |first3=Amita |title=The Sedentrize Lohar Gadiyas of Malthon: A Socio-demographic and Health Practices Profile |year=2002 |publisher=Northern Book Centre |isbn=978-81-7211-125-0 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T_v9SYKv6mwC&pg=PA19 |quote=Mishra (1977) investigated that, there are three lineage groups in the Gadulia-Lohars of Rajathan. They are Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi, and Agnivanshi and in his later investigations he found 36 clans. Some important clans are Sisodiya, Chauhan, Solanki, Panwar, Parihar, Rathors, Deghi, Sankla and Palvank.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Parasar |first=Anuradha |title=An Ethnographic Profile of Gaduliya Lohars of the Rajasthan |journal=Vanyajāti |date=April 2003 |volume=51 |issue=2 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&ovdme=1&id=8htuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |issn=0042-2622 |quote=The Gaduliya Lohars consider themselves as a clean caste but other higher caste treats them as an unclean caste. They are divided into different clans (gotras) namely, Panwar, Badhana, Chauhan, Rathore, Dabi, Solanki, Sankhla, Parihar and Gehlot and three lineages namely Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi and Agnivanshi.}}</ref> [[Caste system in India|caste]] groups of the [[India|Indian]] subcontinent.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parihar, Puarihar}}
[[Category:Rajput clans]]

{{Authority control}}
{{India-ethno-stub}}

Nallamalupu Bujji

2025-09-12T07:30:59Z

NydiaChiodo9: improved article also and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian film producer in Telugu cinema|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nallamalupu Bujji
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Nallamalupu Srinivas Reddy
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Guntur]], Andhra Pradesh, India
| othername =
| years_active = 2001-present
| spouse =
| homepage =
| occupation = [[film producer|Film Producer]], [[Distributor]]
| relatives = [[Bellamkonda Suresh]] (Uncle)
}}

'''Nallamalupu Bujji''' is an [[Indian film]] [[film producer|producer]] in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/nallamalupubujji.html"Interview with Nallamalupu Bujji"]</ref><ref>[http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/190716/whats-ravi-tejas-next.html "What’s Ravi Teja’s Next?"]</ref> In 2001, he ventured into [[film production]], by forming [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Productions]]. He won two [[Nandi Awards]].

==Filmography==

===As producer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Actors !! Notes
|-
|2001 || ''[[Raa (film)|Raa]]'' || [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Priyanka Upendra]] ||
|-
|2006 || ''[[Lakshmi (2006 film)|Lakshmi]]'' || [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Charmme Kaur]]||
|-
|2007 || ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]'' || [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Jagapati Babu]], [[Anushka Shetty]] ||
|-
|2008 || ''[[Chintakayala Ravi]]'' || [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Anushka Shetty]] ||
|-
|2009 || ''[[Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam]]'' || [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Tamannaah]]||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Nenu Naa Rakshasi]]'' || [[Rana Daggubati]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]] ||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Mogudu (film)|Mogudu]]'' ||[[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Taapsee Pannu]] ||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Muni 2: Kanchana|Kanchana]]'' ||[[Raghava Lawrence]], [[Lakshmi Rai]] || In Telugu version only, Co-produced with [[Bellamkonda Suresh]]
|-
|2014 || ''[[Race Gurram]]'' ||[[Allu Arjun]], [[Shruthi Haasan]]||
|-
|2014 || ''[[Alludu Seenu]]'' ||[[Bellamkonda Sreenivas]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] || Co-produced with [[Bellamkonda Suresh]].
|-
|2014 || ''[[Rabhasa]]'' || [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]], [[Pranitha Subhash]] || Co-produced with Bellamkonda Suresh.
|-
|2014 || ''[[Mukunda]]'' || [[Varun Tej]], [[Pooja Hegde]] || Co-produced with Tagore Madhu.
|-
|2015 || '' [[Uppi 2|Upendra 2]]'' || [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra]], [[Kristina Akheeva]] || Telugu Version of [[Uppi 2]].
|-
|2017 || ''[[Winner (2017 film)|Winner]]'' || [[Sai Dharam Tej]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]] || Co-production with Tagore Madhu.
|-
|2017 || ''[[Mister (film)|Mister]]'' || [[Varun Tej]], [[Lavanya Tripathi]], [[Hebah Patel]] || Co-production with Tagore Madhu.
|-
|2018 || ''[[Touch Chesi Chudu]]'' || [[Ravi Teja]], [[Raashi Khanna]]
|Co-production with Vallabhaneni Vamsi.
|}

==Awards==
; [[Nandi Awards]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film – Bronze]] – [[Lakshyam (2007 film)|''Lakshyam'']] (2007)
* [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Best Home Viewing Feature Film]] – ''[[Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam]]'' (2009)

;Other Awards
*B. Nagi Reddy Memorial Award – ''[[Race Gurram]]'' (shared with Dr. Venkateswara Rao)
*[[Santosham Best Producer Award]] – ''[[Race Gurram]]'' (shared with Dr. Venkateswara Rao)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=2292052|name=Nallamalupu Bujji }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bujji, Nallamalupu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu film producers]]
[[Category:People from Guntur]]
[[Category:Film people from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Santosham Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]

Katra Gulab Singh

2025-09-02T06:15:26Z

NydiaChiodo9: enhance lead to improve readability and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement


|name = Katra Gulab Singh
|other_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type =
|motto =

|image_skyline =Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel statue at Katra Gulab Singh.jpg
|image_caption = [[Sardar Patel]]'s statue at [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Chowk]] in Katra Gulab Singh, [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Katra Gulab Singh in Uttar Pradesh

|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]]
|
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[Nagar Panchayat]]
|leader_title = Chairman
|leader_name = Ashok Kumar Yadav alias Munna
|leader_title1 = Member (9- Katra Gulab Singh Bajar)
|leader_name1 = Geeta Jaiswal
|established_title = 
|established_date =

|unit_pref = 
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 

|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total =
|population_density_km2 =
|blank2_name =
|blank2_info =

|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time]]
|utc_offset = +5:30
|timezone_DST =

|coordinates = {{coord|25.9161|81.86074|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =110

|postal_code_type = Postal Code
|postal_code =230402
|blank3_name =[[Vehicle registration plate|Vehicle Registration]]
|blank3_info =UP 72
|blank_name =Telephone Code
|blank_info =05342
|website =[https://web.archive.org/web/20110820053031/http://bhayaharannathdham.com/ Katra Gulab Singh]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Katra Gulab Singh''' is a regional market town in [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state of [[India]]. It is about {{Convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from the Pratapgarh headquarters.

==History==
In the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny of 1857]], protestors honored Amar Shaheed [[Babu Gulab Singh]]. This is reflected in the yearly festival known as War Citaon. [[Allahabad]] from [[Lucknow]] for the Suppression of the British soldiers were revolutionaries. Then, with his private army, Bakulai killed many Englishmen in Mandhata near the village of Katra Gulab Singh. The British army was forced to retreat. Babu Gulab Singh was injured when he encountered British soldiers.

==Geography==
[[File:Bakulahi Nadi.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|[[Bakulahi River]] flows through Katra Gulab Singh, [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]].]]
Katra Gulab Singh is located at {{coord| 25.9161|N|81.86074|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.indiamapia.com/Pratapgarh/Katra_Gulab_Singh.html India Mapia, Katra Gulab Singh]</ref> The town is situated on the bank of the [[Bakulahi River]].

== Education institutes ==
[[File:Amar Janta Inter College.jpg|thumb|right|Amar Janta Intermediate College, Katra Gulab Singh, Pratapgarh]]
* Model UPS Katra Gulab Singh
* Hind Convent Public School
* Jauhar Modern English School
* A.T.S. Academy
* Saraswati Vidya Mandir
* Saray Bhoopati Primary School
* Bhimrao Ambedkar High School and College, Tarual
* Shri om Sai Computer Education and Training Center
* Sri Sri Ravi Sankar Gyan Mandir (Library)
* S P PUBLIC SCHOOL CHHITAHI KATRA GULAB SINGH PRATAPGARH
* S P ITI & LAW COLLEGE CHHITAHI KATRA GULAB SINGH PRATAPGARH

==Transport==
Katra Gulab Singh is connected by road with [[Allahabad]], [[Lucknow]], [[Kanpur]], [[Delhi]], and many more North Indian cities. The nearest railway station is {{Convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} away in [[Mau Aima]].

== See also ==
{{Category see also|Buildings and structures in Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh}}
*[[Bakulahi Bridge]]
*[[Mandhata, Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Chowk]]
*[[Vishwanathganj]]


==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Katra Gulab Singh Milestone.jpg|Milestone shows distance about Katra Gulab Singh
Katra Gulab Singh, Pratapgarh.jpg|An entrance to Katra Gulab Singh.
File:Bakulahi.jpg|[[Bakulahi River]], Katra Gulab Singh
File:Bakulahi Bridge, Katra Gulab Singh.jpg|[[Bakulahi Bridge]], Katra Gulab Singh
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820053031/http://bhayaharannathdham.com/ Official website of Katra Gulab Singh]
* [http://www.bsgmmahavidyalaya.co.in/ Official website of Baba Sarvjeet Giri Memorial Inter Mediate College] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308114544/http://bsgmmahavidyalaya.co.in/ |date=8 March 2012 }}

{{Pratapgarh district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh]]

A. C. Tirulokchandar

2025-07-31T13:37:54Z

NydiaChiodo9: rework information also

#REDIRECT [[A. C. Thirulokachandar]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Lake Tsomgo

2025-07-27T21:22:55Z

NydiaChiodo9: added info

{{Short description|Glacial lake in Sikkim, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox lake
| name = Lake Tsomgo Changu Lake
| image = Tsongmo_Lake_or_Changu_Lake_-_East_Sikkim.jpg
| caption = Lake Tsomgo in Gangtok district (Sikkim)
| alt = Lake Tsomgo
| pushpin_map = India Sikkim
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Lake Tsomgo
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Sikkim
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = Changu, [[Gangtok district]], [[Sikkim]]
| coords = {{coord|27|22|31|N|88|45|50|E|type:waterbody_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| type =
| inflow =
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = {{Flag|India}}
| length = {{Convert|836|m}}
| width = {{Convert|427|m}}
| area = {{Convert|24.47|ha}}
| depth = {{Convert|4.58| m}} (average)
| max-depth = {{Convert|15| m}}
| volume =
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation = {{convert|3753|m|ft}}
| frozen = winter
| islands =
| cities =
}}

'''Tsomgo Lake'',''''' also known as '''Tsongmo Lake''' or '''Changgu Lake''', is a glacial lake in Changu in the [[Gangtok district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Sikkim]], some {{convert|40|km}} from the capital [[Gangtok]]. Located at an elevation of {{convert|3753|m|abbr=on}}, the lake remains frozen during the winter season. The lake surface reflects different colours with change of seasons and is held in great reverence by the local Sikkimese people. [[Buddhist]] monks prognosticated after studying the changing colours of the lake.<ref name="Lake">{{Cite web|url=http://sikkimtourism.gov.in/Webforms/General/PlacesOfInterest/Tsomgo.aspx|title=Tsomgo (Changu) Lake|publisher=Sikkim Tourism:Government of Sikkim}}</ref><ref name="Tsomogo">{{Cite web|url=http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/lak_cha.htm|title=Tsomgo Lake|publisher=National Informatics Centre}}</ref>{{Sfn|Kar|2014|p=101}}

==Etymology==
In [[Sikkimese language]] the name Tsomgo is made of two words 'Tso' meaning "lake" and 'Mgo' meaning "head" which gives the literal meaning as "source of the lake".{{Sfn|Kar|2014|p=101}}

==Topography==
The lake is surrounded by steep mountains which are covered with snow during winter. During summer the snow cover melts and forms the source for the lake.<ref name=Lake/> The lake which remains frozen in winter season, sometimes extending up to May, receives an average [[annual precipitation]] of {{Convert|1183|mm}} with temperatures recorded in the range of {{Convert|0|-|25|C}}. {{Sfn|Kar|2014|p=101}}

The lake is about {{convert|40|km}} away from Gangtok on the Gangtok-Nathula highway.{{Sfn|Kar|2014|p=101}} Further, the road to [[Nathu La]] skirts the lake on the north side. The Chinese border crossing is only some {{Convert|5|km}} east-northeast in a straight line, but some {{Convert|18|km}} by road.<ref name="deBruyn">{{cite book |title=Frommer's India (Frommer's Complete) |last= deBruyn|first= Pippa |author2=Bain, Keith |author3=Venkatram, Niloufer |author4=Joshi, Shonar|date=4 March 2008|publisher= [[Frommer's]] |location=Hoboken, New Jersey, USA |isbn= 978-0-470-16908-7|page= 586 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qMqBvtL_nI0C&pg=PT596 |access-date=2009-11-29}}</ref>

==Features==
[[File:Tsomgo Lake - Elevation.jpg|right|thumb|Sign for Tsomgo Lake]]
The lake is formed in an oval shape and has a surface area of {{Convert|24.47|ha}}. The maximum length of the lake is {{Convert|836|m}} and has a maximum width of {{Convert|427|m}}. The maximum depth reported is {{Convert|15| m}} while the average depth is {{Convert|4.58| m}}. The lake water quality is of moderate [[turbidity]].{{Sfn|Kar|2014|p=101}}

The lake is the venue for the [[Guru Purnima]] festival which is also the [[Raksha Bandhan]] festival when the faith healers known as ''[[Jhakri]]s'' of Sikkim assemble at the lake area to derive benefits from the healing qualities of the lake waters.<ref name=Lake/>

Alpine forests cover the catchment of the lake.<ref name="O'Neill_2019">{{cite journal |last1=O'Neill |first1=A. R.| date=2019 |title=Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=20 |issue=e00715 |pages=19 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00715 |doi-access=free }}</ref> After the winter season ends in middle of May, the periphery of lake has scenic blooms of flower species of [[rhododendrons]] (the state tree of Sikkim), [[primulas]], blue and yellow [[poppy|poppies]], [[iris (plant)|irises]] and so forth. Also seen in the precincts of the lake are several species of birds including [[Brahminy duck]]s. Wildlife seen includes the [[red panda]].<ref name=Tsomogo/>{{Sfn|Kar|2014|p=101}}

Tourist attractions at the lake site include joy rides on decorated [[yaks]] and [[mule]]s where kiosks offer variety of food and drinks.<ref name=Lake/> There is also a small [[Shiva]] temple on the bank of the lake.<ref name=Tsomogo/>

==Entry permits==
As the lake is located in a restricted area it is essential for all Indians visiting the area to obtain permits. In case of foreign nationals special permit is essential.<ref name=Tsomogo/>

[[Indian Postal Service]] released a commemorative stamp on the lake on 6 November 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sikkimphilatelicsociety.blogspot.com/2006/12/changu-lake-stamp-and-sikkim-philately.html|title=Changu Lake stamp and Sikkim Philately|publisher=Sikkimphilatelic Society}}</ref>

== Border trade market ==
The nearby habitation of Changgu was declared a [[border trade]] market in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 June 2003|title=Documents signed between India and China during Prime Minister Vajpayee's visit to China|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/7692/Documents+signed+between+India+and+China+during+Prime+Minister+Vajpayees+visit+to+China|access-date=27 March 2021|website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Acharya|first=Alka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BoTyk8G8d2AC&q=Changgu+sikkim&pg=PA134|title=China & India: Politics of Incremental Engagement|date=2008|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-1442-1|pages=134|language=en}}</ref>{{OSM Location map|float=right|mark-coord5={{coord|27.37523|88.78776}}|label-size3=11|label-pos3=left|mark-size3=8|mark-title3=Jelep La|mark-description3=|mark-coord4={{coord|27.3832211|88.8096873}}|caption4=Manju Lake|label4=Manju Lake|label-size4=11|label-pos4=top|mark-size4=8|mark-title4=Manju Lake|mark-description4=|caption5=Thegu|caption3=Jelep La|label5=Thegu|label-size5=10|label-pos5=bottom|mark-size5=6|mark-title5=Thegu|mark-description5=|mark-coord6={{coord|27.37971|88.81906}}|caption6=Sherathang|label6=Sherathang|label-size6=10|label-pos6=bottom|mark-size6=6|mark-title6=Sherathang|label3=Jelep La|mark-coord3={{coord|27.367194|88.865747}}|height=350|mark-coord1={{coord|27.38681|88.83095}}|width=350|zoom=13|caption=Changgu|nolabels=2|coord={{coord|27.3744|88.7612}}|mark-coord={{coord|27.3187533|88.8206698}}|label=Gnathang|label-size=11|label-pos=left|mark-size=8|mark=Red pog.svg|mark-title=Gnathang|mark-description=Gnathang|caption1=Nathu La|mark-description2=|label1=Nathu La|label-size1=11|label-pos1=left|mark-size1=8|mark-title1=Nathu La|mark-description1=|mark-coord2={{coord|27.37795|88.77097}}|caption2=Changgu|label2=Changgu|label-size2=11|label-pos2=left|mark-size2=8|mark-title2=Changgu|mark-description6=}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Changu Lake, Gangtok.jpg|Tsongmo Lake, January 2014
File:Tsomgo Lake.jpg|Tsomgo Lake
File:Chsungo.jpg|Tsongmo Lake in Winter
File:Source of the Lakes "Sikkim".jpg|Tsomgo Lake in April 2017
File:Tsomgo Lake in October.jpg|Tsomgo Lake in October
File:Tsomgo Lake in April 2019.jpg|alt=Tsomgo Lake in April 2019|Tsomgo Lake in April 2019
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Commons category|Tsomgo Lake}}
* [[Tilicho Lake]]
* [[Gurudongmar Lake]]
*[[Nathu La]]

== Tourist Attraction ==
It is one of the biggest tourism draws in the Eastern Himalayan state of Sikkim receiving around 300,000 (3 lakh) tourists annually. The best time to visit the lake is January to March.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darjeeling and Sikkim Tourism places have the most beautiful sights for 2021 trip|url=https://modernwisdom.in/blog/travel/darjeeling-and-sikkim-tourism-places/|access-date=2021-06-12|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[http://www.northeast-india.in/travel-guide/sikkim/tsomgo-lake/#permit Tsomgo Lake travel guide - Permit Regulations Climate Temperature]
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last= Kar |first=Devashish |title=Wetlands and Lakes of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mky9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA101|date=28 January 2014|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-81-322-1023-8}}

{{Hydrography of Sikkim}}

[[Category:Sacred lakes of Sikkim|Tsongmo]]
[[Category:Gangtok district]]
[[Category:Glacial lakes of India|Tsongmo]]

Devender Kadyan

2025-07-04T17:47:48Z

NydiaChiodo9:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = File:Devender_Kadyan.jpg
| office = Member of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ganaur Assembly constituency|Ganaur]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Nirmal Rani]]
| party =
}}
'''Devender Kadyan''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Ganaur FINAL Election Result 2024: Devender Kadyan of IND Wins by... |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ganaur-final-election-result-2024-9079465.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> representing [[Ganaur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Ganaur, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: Independent candidate Devender Singh defeats INC's Kuldip Sharma with 35209 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/ganaur-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612807-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=Haryana election 2024: 2 independent MLAs join BJP in big boost for party |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/independent-mlas-devender-kadyan-rajesh-joon-join-bjp-after-haryana-election-results/3635401/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Two newly-elected Independent MLAs extend support to BJP in Haryana">{{cite news|last1=The Indian Express|title=Two newly-elected Independent MLAs extend support to BJP in Haryana|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Oct/09/two-newly-elected-independent-mlas-extend-support-to-bjp-in-haryana|accessdate=5 November 2024|work=|date=9 October 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105062835/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Oct/09/two-newly-elected-independent-mlas-extend-support-to-bjp-in-haryana|archivedate=5 November 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He resigned from BJP a few days before 2024 polls after being denied a ticket, contested as an independent, and became an MLA.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who is Devender Kadyan, BJP rebel leading from Ganaur in Haryana elections|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/who-is-devender-kadyan-bjp-rebel-leading-from-ganaur-in-haryana-assembly-elections-101728371928233.html}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadyan, Devender}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-politician-stub}}

Sudha Chaudhry

2025-06-25T02:03:58Z

NydiaChiodo9: fix

{{short description|Indian hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Sudha Chaudhry
| full_name =
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = Indian
| sport = [[Field hockey]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|7|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[1982 Asian Games|1982 Delhi]] | [[Field hockey at the 1982 Asian Games|Team competition]]}}
}}
'''Sudha Chaudhry''' (born 1 July 1961) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player. She competed in the [[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|women's tournament]] at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ch/sudha-chaudhry-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418033738/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ch/sudha-chaudhry-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Sudha Chaudhry Olympic Results |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{sports links}}

{{India FHW Squad 1980 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 1982 Asian Games}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhry, Sudha}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female field hockey players]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1980 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 1982 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in field hockey]]

{{India-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}

Sushanta Deb

2025-03-17T19:15:34Z

NydiaChiodo9: starting a details added tags

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
'''Sushanta Deb''' (born 1990)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Tripura]]. He is a member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bishalgarh Assembly constituency]] in [[Sipahijala district]]. He won the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]], representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushanta Deb in Tripura Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/tripura/sushanta-deb-bishalgarh-candidate-s23a016c001/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Bishalgarh, Golaghati, Suryamaninagar, Charilam, Boxanagar Bypolls Result 2023: Deputy CM Jishnu Dev Varma loses in major upset |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/live-bishalgarh-golaghati-suryamaninagar-charilam-boxanagar-bypolls-counting-result-2023-winners-list-article-98337107 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Deb is from [[Bishalgarh]], Sipahijala district, Tripura. He is the son of Sankar Chandra Deb. He passed Class 12 examination in 2007, conducted by [[Tripura Board of Secondary Education]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sushanta Deb(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency - BISHALGARH (SEPAHIJALA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/Tripura2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6985 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Deb won from [[Bishalgarh Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election. He polled 22,314 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Partha Pratim Majumder]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], by a margin of 1,326 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tripura-election-winner-list-2023-bjp-ipft-congress-left-winner-candidate-list-for-tripura-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidate-party-101677728980359.html |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=www.hindustantimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Election Result 2023: BJP wins 32 seats, Tipra Motha bags 13 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/tripura-election-result-2023-live-vote-counting-updates-bjp-ipft-congress-alliances-tipra-motha-cpim-2341430-2023-03-02 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deb, Sushanta}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Sipahijala district]]

{{Tripura-BJP-politician-stub}}

List of Hindi films of 1946

2025-03-09T20:10:14Z

NydiaChiodo9: small add page to improve readability

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Bollywood films}}
A list of films produced by the [[Bollywood]] film industry based in [[Mumbai]] in 1946:

==Highest-grossing films==
The five highest-grossing films at the Indian Box Office in 1946:<ref>{{cite web|author=Box Office India|title=Top Earners 1946|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=151&catName=MTk0Ng==|publisher=boxofficeindia.com|access-date=10 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614082551/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=151&catName=MTk0Ng==|archive-date=14 June 2010}}</ref>

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="0"
|- style="background:silver; text-align:center;"
|| '''1946''' '''Rank'''
|| '''Title'''
|| '''Notes'''
|-
| 1.
| '''''[[Anmol Ghadi]]'''''
|
|-
| 2.
| '''''[[Shahjehan]]'''''
|
|-
| 3.
| '''''[[Phoolwari|Phulwari]]'''''
|
|-
| 4.
| '''''[[Omar Khaiyyam]]'''''
|
|-
| 5.
| '''''[[1857 (film)|1857]]'''''
|
|
|}

==A-B==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes/Music
|-
|''[[1857 (film)|1857]]''|| Mohan Sinha||[[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], [[Suraiya]], Menaka Devi, Nigar || Drama, History||Music: Sajjad Hussain Lyrics: [[Anjum Pilibhiti]]
|-
||''[[Aath Din]]'' a.k.a. 8 Days ||Dattaram N. Pai ||[[Ashok Kumar]], Veera, [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], Sunalini Devi, [[Upendranath Ashk]], [[Raja Mehdi Ali Khan]], S. L. Puri, [[Leela Mishra]], Agha Jaan || ||Story: Saadat Hasan Manto Music: [[S. D. Burman]] Lyrics: [[Qamar Jalalabadi]], [[Gopal Singh Nepali]]
|-
|''[[Aai Bahar]]''||Shankar Mehta ||Irshad, [[Om Prakash]], Ajmal, Asha Posley, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie]], Ramesh ||Social ||Music: Pandit Amarnath, Anupam Ghatak Lyrics: [[D. N. Madhok]]
|-
|''[[Aap Ki Sewa Mein]]''|| || || ||
|-
||''[[Airmail (1946 film)|Airmail]]''||A. Rashid ||Dilawar, Surekha, Atish Sayani, Maqbool Ali, Mannan ||Action ||Music: Khan Mastana Lyrics: Shewan Rizvi
|-
|''[[Alibaba (1946 film)|Alibaba]]''||[[Nanubhai Vakil]] ||Prakash, [[N. A. Ansari]], Shanta Patel ||Fantasy ||Music: Ram Gopal, Damodar Sharma Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Amar Raj]]''||[[Homi Wadia]] ||[[Trilok Kapoor]], [[Nirupa Roy]], Naseem Jr, Prakash, Dalpat, Atish Sayani ||Mythological ||Music: Firoz Nizami Lyrics: Pandit Phani, I. C. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Anmol Ghadi]]''||[[Mehboob Khan]]||[[Noor Jehan]], [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], [[Suraiya]], [[Zahur Raja]], [[Murad (actor)|Murad]], [[Leela Mishra]], Anwari, [[Amir Banu]], [[Bhudo Advani]] ||Romantic Drama ||Music: [[Naushad]] Lyrics: Tanveer Zaidi
|-
|''[[Arabian Nights (1946 film)|Arabian Nights]]''||Niren Lahiri || Kanan Devi, Nawab, Molina, Hiralal, [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]], Debi Mukherjee ||Adventure, Fantasy ||Music: Kamal Dasgupta Lyrics: Fayyaz Hashmi
|-
|''[[Arab Ka Chand]]''||Naseem Siddiqi ||Prakash, Shanta Patel, Iqbal, Rafiq Ansari, Mumtaz ||Costume || Music: Ram Gopal Pandey Lyrics: Roopbani
|-
|''[[Arab Ka Sitara]]''||[[Nanubhai Vakil]]||Prakash, [[Amirbai Karnataki]], Iqbal, [[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]] ||Costume || Music: S. Qureshi Lyrics: [[Shewan Rizvi]]
|-
|''[[Attention (film)|Attention]]''|| || || ||
|-
|''[[Baap (1946 film)|Baap]]'' ||S. Shamsuddin ||Paresh Bannerjee, Urmila, [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]], Tandon, Radharani, Shobha ||Family ||Music: K. P. Sen Lyrics: Pt. Deepak Chakravarti, Jameel Mazhari
|-
|''[[Bachchon Ka Khel]]''|| Raja Nene ||[[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Nimbalkar, Kabir, Baby [[Meena Kumari]], Baby Shakuntala, ||Social ||Music: [[C. Ramchandra]] Lyrics: [[Mukhram Sharma]]. Magan
|-
|''[[Badnami]]''|| Majnu||[[Balraj Sahni]], [[Geeta Bali]], Zubeida, [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]], Majnu, Asha Posley, Leela ||Social ||Music: Anupam Ghatak, [[Lachhiram Tamar]] Lyrics: Aziz Kashmiri
|-
|''[[Baghdad Ka Chor]]''||[[Nanubhai Vakil]] ||Prakash, N. A. Ansari, Ayaz Begum ||Costume ||Music: Ram Gopal Pandey Lyrics: Roopbani
|-
|''[[Behram Khan]]''||[[Gajanan Jagirdar]] ||[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]], Sunalini Devi, Jagirdar, Suresh, [[Lalita Pawar]], [[David (actor)|David]], Benjamin, Hansa ||Historical Biopic Drama ||Music: [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]] Lyrics: Buta Ram Sharma
|-
|''[[Bhakta Prahlad (1946 film)|Bhakta Prahlad]]''||Dhirubhai Desai ||[[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], Raj Kumari, [[Anant Marathe]], [[Leela Chitnis]], [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], Kedar Kapoor, [[Tiwari (actor)|Tiwari]] ||Devorional ||Music: K C Verma, Hanuman Prasad Lyrics: Rammurti Chaturvedi, Bekal, [[Saraswati Kumar Deepak]]
|-
|''[[Bhedi Dushman]]'' ||Ramjibhai Arya ||Kusum Deshpande, Kishore, Dalpat, Nazira, Majnu, Bibijan ||Action ||Music: Hafiz Khan Mastana Lyrics:[[Shewan Rizvi]]
|-
|''[[Bhedi Khazana]]''||S. Usman ||Sardar Mansur, Madhurika, Bibijan, Bacha ||Action ||Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Bindiya (1946 film)|Bindiya]]''||Chimanlal Luhar ||Ragini, Shakir, Kamal Zamindr, [[Amar (actor)|Amar]], [[Leela Mishra]] ||Social ||Music: Kamal Dasgupta Lyrics: Pandit Rammurti, Pandit Madhur
|-
|''[[Black and White (1946 film)|Black and White]]''||S. M. Raza ||[[John Cawas]], Kusum Kumari, Nazira, Ranibala, Bacha, Baburao Pendharkar ||Action ||Music: K. Narayana Rao Lyrics: [[Shewan Rizwi]]
|-
|''[[Black Shirt (1946 film)|Black Shirt]]''||Framji Havewala ||Benjamin, Malika, Pratima Devi ||Action ||Music: H. N. Sharma Lyrics: Safdar Mirza
|-
||''[[Brahman Kanya]]''||Safdar Mirza ||Benjamin, Malika, Pratima, Razia, Younus, Mannan || Social||Music: Lyrics:
|}

==C-G==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Chalis Karod]]''|| [[Nanabhai Bhatt]]||Nirmala, Arun Kumar Ahuja, [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], Gulab, Shantarin || ||Music: Lyrics: Safdar Mirza
|-
|''[[Chamakti Bijli]]''|| Homi Master||[[E. Billimoria]], Sulochana Chatterjee, Sheikh, Mohammed Ali, Mehndi Raza ||Action ||Music: Vasant Kumar Naidu Lyrics: Pandit Bhardwaj
|-
|''[[Chandni Chowk (1946 film)|Chandni Chowk]]''||Thakur Himmat Singh ||Erika, Naeem Hashmi ||Drama ||Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Chehra (1946 film)|Chehra]]''||R. Sharma || [[Suraiya]], Kamal Zamindar, Najma, S, Kapoor, Zulfi, Jugal Kishore, [[Amir Banu]]||Social ||Music: M. A. Mukhtar Lyrics: I. C. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Circus King (1946 film)|Circus King]]''|| B.R. Mudnaney ||Brijmala, Baburao, [[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]], Mirajkar, Ghori||Action ||Music: N. Nagesh Rao, J. Abhyankar Lyrics: Raziuddin
|-
|''[[Dasi Ya Maa]]'' ||[[Shaukat Hussain Rizvi]] ||[[Durga Khote]], [[Shahu Modak]], [[Jilloo]], Shantarin, Majid ||Family Drama ||Music: Mushtaq Hussain Lyrics: Waheed Qureshi
|-
|''[[Dev Kanya (1946 film)|Dev Kanya]]''|| Dhirubhai Desai||[[Leela Desai]], [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], [[Leela Chitnis]], [[Wasti (actor)|Wasti]], [[Jilloo]], Kashinath, Indira ||Fantasy ||Music: [[Shyam Sundar (composer)|Shyam Sundar]] Lyrics: Rammurti Chaturvedi, [[Saraswati Kumar Deepak]], Ramchandra Pandey
|-
|''[[Devar (1946 film)|Devar]]''|| S.M. Yusuf||[[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], [[Kumar (actor)|Kumar]], Jyoti, [[Yashodhra Katju]], [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Khurshid Jr. ||Family ||Music: Gulshan Sufi Lyrics: Aziz Siddiqui, Khumar Barabankvi, Shams Azimabadi, M. Naseem
|-
|''[[Dhadkan (1946 film)|Dhadkan]]''||[[Zahur Raja]] ||Zahur Raja, Jyoti, [[Murad (actor)|Murad]], Misra, Chandrika ||Romance Drama ||Music: [[G. M. Durrani]] Lyrics: Zahur Raja
|-
|''[[Dhanwan (1946 film)|Dhanwan]]''||Vishnu Vyas ||[[P. Jairaj]], [[Paro Devi]], Anjana, [[Dulari (actress)|Dulari]], Bhagwandas, Radha, Dhulia ||Social ||Music: Shanti Kumar Lyrics: Behzad Lakhnavi, Roopbani
|-
|''[[Dharti (1946 film)|Dharti]]'' ||Manibhai Vyas ||[[Trilok Kapoor]], [[Mumtaz Shanti]], Padma Bannerjee, Bikram Kapoor ||Social ||Music: [[Bulo C. Rani]] Lyrics: [[Pandit Indra]]
|-
|''[[Dharti Ke Lal]]''|| [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]] ||[[Balraj Sahni]], Tripti Mitra, Damyanti Sahni, Hameed Butt, [[Zohra Sehgal]] (debut), Shombu Mitra, [[K. N. Singh]], [[David (actor)|David]], Rashid Ahmed ||Socialist realism ||Music: [[Ravi Shankar]] Lyrics: [[Ali Sardar Jafri]], [[Prem Dhawan]], Nemichand Jain, Vamik
|-
|''[[Dhokhebaaz (1946 film)|Dhokhebaaz]]'' ||R. Shivraj ||Chandrakala, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Baburao Pehalwan, Radharani, Pesi Patel, Raj Kumar, Putli ||Action ||Music: K. Narayana Rao Lyrics: Bhadar Gundvi
|-
|''[[Dil (1946 film)|Dil]]''||S. F. Hasnain ||[[Noorjehan]], Abdul Latif, Baby Zubaida, Amina ||Romantic Drama ||Music: Zafar Khursheed Lyrics: Raziuddin
|-
|''[[Door Chalen]]''||[[Phani Majumdar]] ||[[Naseem Banu]], [[Balraj Sahni]], Damyanti Sahni, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Raj Kumari, [[David (actor)|David]], Kamal ||Social Drama ||Music: [[K. C. Dey]] Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Dosti (1946 film)|Dosti]]''||[[Bhagwan Dada|Bhagwan]] ||Bhagwan, Usha Shukla, Azim, Harish, Sarita, Inamdar, Vasant Rao, Bibijan || ||Music: [[C. Ramchandra|Ram Chitalkar]] Lyrics: Chabi Kumar Mast
|-
|''[[Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani]]''||[[V. Shantaram]] ||V. Shantaram, Jayashree, [[Keshavrao Date]], Dewan Sharar, Vinayak, [[Jankidas]], [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], Baburao Pendharkar||Biopic Drama || Music: Vasant Desai Lyrics: Dewan Sharar
|-
|''[[Double Face (1946 film)|Double Face]]'' ||M. Udwadia ||Satyanarayan, M. Udwadia, Naval ||Action ||Music: Shyam Babu Pathak Lyrics: [[Indeevar]]
|-
|''[[Dulha (1946 film)|Dulha]]'' ||Manibhai Vyas ||[[Noor Mohammed Charlie]], Gulab, Chandraprabha, [[Moni Chatterjee]], Sankatha Prasad, Bhagwandas, Indira ||Social ||Music: Gyan Dutt Lyrics: B. R. Sharma
|-
|''[[Duniya Ek Sarai]]''||[[Kidar Sharma]] ||Begum Para, [[Gajanan Jagirdar]], Pandit Iqbal, Meena Kumari ||Social ||Music: [[Hansraj Behl]] Lyrics: Kidar Sharma
|-
|''[[Durban (1946 film)|Durban]]'' ||S. M. Yusuf ||[[Kumar (actor)|Kumar]], Sulochana Chatterjee, Kaushalya, [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], [[Leela Mishra]], [[S. D. Narang]] ||Social ||Music: Gulshan Sufi Lyrics: Tanveer Naqvi, M. Naseem
|-
|''[[Ever Ready (film)|Ever Ready]]''||Nari Ghadiali ||Benjamin, Sharda, Ali, Bibijan, Pepo Oliva ||Action ||Music: Narayan Rao Vyas Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Fighting Hero (1946 film)|Fighting Hero]]'' ||Keshav Talpade ||Ramesh Vyas, Sudha Rao, Iqbal Begum, [[Moolchand]], Niranjan Sharma, S. Nazir ||Action ||Music: [[Chitragupta (composer)|Chitragupta]] Lyrics: I. C. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Flying Prince]]''||[[Homi Wadia]] ||[[Fearless Nadia]], [[John Cawas]], Sona Chatterjee, Dalpat, [[Atish Sayani]], [[Boman Shroff]], Master Mohammed || Action||Music: Aziz Khan Lyrics: Pandit Gyan Chandra
|-
|''[[Ghunghat (1946 film)|Ghungat]]''||Shanti Kumar ||Nirmala, Arun Kumar, Uma Kant, Ramesh Sinha, [[Leela Mishra]] ||Family Drama ||Music: Shankar Rao Vyas Lyrics: Ramesh Gupta
|-
|''[[Gwalan]]''||[[Baburao Patel]] ||[[Trilok Kapoor]], Sushila Rani (Patel), [[David (actor)|David]], [[Bipin Gupta]], Madhuri, Bikram Kapoor ||Social ||Music: [[Hansraj Behl]] Lyrics: [[Pandit Indra]]
|}

==H-J==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Haqdar]]''||Rafiq Rizwi ||Sayani Atish, Najma Begum, Harish ||Costume ||Music: Mohammed Shafi Lyrics: C. M. Hunar
|-
|''[[Hasrat (1946 film)|Hasrat]]'' ||Shail Mukherjee ||[[Suraiya]], Dilawar, Ranibala, Mehrunissa, Sadiq, Roshan, Rashid ||Social ||Music: M. Sagar, Arun Roy Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Hawai Khautala]]''||A. M. Khan ||Gauhar Karnataki, Devraj, Chisti, Ameena, Bashir ||Action ||Music: Bashir Dehalvi Lyrics: Qaiser Sabai, Munshi Nayab
|-
|''[[Her Highness (1946 film)|Her Highness]]''|| Balwant Bhatt||Prakash, Dilawar, Sarla Devi, [[Jankidas]], Mehndi Raza ||Action ||Music: Harishchandra Bali Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Hoor-e-Baghdad]]'' ||A. M. Khan ||Leela Pande, Shiraz, Mumtaz, Anwaribai, Fazlu Devraj ||Costume ||Music: Damodar Sharma Lyrics: F. M. Pindavi
|-
|''[[Hoor-e-Jungle]]'' ||Jaswant Jhaveri ||Shabnam, Shyam Sunder, Ashiq Hussain ||Action ||Music: Ram Gopal Pandey Lyrics: A. Karim
|-
|''[[Humjoli (1946 film)|Humjoli]]''||Ismail Memon ||[[Noor Jehan]], [[P. Jairaj]], [[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammed]], [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], [[Mukri]], [[Jilloo]] ||Social ||Music: Hafiz Khan Lyrics: Anjum Pilibhiti
|-
|''[[Hum Ek Hain (1946 film)|Hum Ek Hain]]''|| [[P.L. Santoshi]] || [[Dev Anand]], [[Rehana (actress)|Rehana]], [[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]], Alka Achrekar, Ranjit Kumari, Rane, Kamla Kotnis, [[Durga Khote]], Ram Singh ||Social ||Music: [[Husnlal Bhagatram]] Lyrics: P. L. Santoshi
|-
|''[[Inam (1946 film)|Inam]]'' ||Tara Harish ||Latika, Harishchandra Rao, Nazira, Ram Kamlani, Munshi Shyam, Bibijan ||Action ||Music: Baldev Nayak Lyrics: Munshi Shyam
|-
|''[[Insaaf (1946 film)|Insaaf]]'' a.k.a. ''Justice'' ||[[Phani Majumdar]] ||Swarnalata, [[Balraj Sahni]], Navin Yagnik, [[Noor Mohammed Charlie]], Sunalini Devi, [[David (actor)|David]], [[K. C. Dey]] ||Social ||Music: H. P. Das Lyrics: [[D. N. Madhok]]
|-
|''[[Jadugar]]''|| Anand Prasad Kapoor|| Master Vithal, Putli, Nurjehan, Athavale, Varne ||Fantasy ||Music: Dinkar S Bidkar Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Jadui Putli]]''||Ramanlal Desai ||Navinchandra, Basant Malini, [[Moni Chatterjee]], Kalavati, Narhari Narayan Joshi ||Fantasy ||Music: Indravadan Bhatt Lyrics: Neelkanth Tiwari
|-
|''[[Jag Biti]]''||[[M. Sadiq]] ||[[Suraiya]], Shakir, Sadiq Ali, Sulochana Chatterjee, [[Himalayawala]], Ibrahim, Shalini, Ghulam Hussain, Nalini||Social Drama ||Music: [[Ghulam Haider(composer)|Ghulam Haider]] Lyrics: Shams Lucknavi, Nazim Panipati, Husaini
|-
|''[[Jamna Par]]''||A. R. Zamindar||Mehru, Raja Salim, Maqbul, Habib, Samson ||Social ||Music: [[Nisar Bazmi]] Lyrics: Shewan Rizvi, Vinod Sharma, Haneef Khumar
|-
|''[[Jeb Katra]]'' ||Nari Ghadiali ||Navin Yagnik, Rajrani, Samson, Ali, Habib ||Action ||Music: [[Nisar Bazmi]] Lyrics: Ehsan Rizvi, Shams Lakhnavi
|-
|''[[Jeevan Chhaya]]'' a.k.a. ''Kul Kalank'' ||[[Nanubhai Vakil]] ||Shanta Hublikar, Masood, Shahzadi, Majid, [[Dulari (actress)|Dulari]], [[W. M. Khan]], Saroj Borkar ||Social ||Music: Allah Rakha Lyrics: Roopbani
|-
|''[[Jeevan Swapna]]''||A. Karim ||[[Naseem Banu]], [[Trilok Kapoor]], Leela Pawar, [[N. A. Ansari]], Sadiq Ali, Ahmed ||Social ||Music: Hafiz Khan Mastana Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Jeevan Yatra]]''|| [[Master Vinayak]] ||Nayantara, Baburao Pendharkar, [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], Sunalini Devi, Pratima Devi, Shantarin, Sundarabai ||Social ||Music: [[Vasant Desai]] Lyrics: Deewan Sharar
|-
|''[[Jhumke]]''|| J.K. Nanda ||[[Gajanan Jagirdar]], [[Lalita Pawar]], Satish, Akhtar ||Social ||Music: Pandit Amarnath Lyrics: Sharma, Latif
|-
|''[[Jina Sikho]]''||Heera Singh ||Shobha Devi, Baburao Pendharkar, Shalini, Nandrekar ||Social ||Music: Hanuman Prasad Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Jungle Ka Sher]]'' ||Harbans ||Shanta Patel, Baburao Pehalwan, Roshan, Ghory, Mirajkar ||Action ||Music: Damodar Sharma Lyrics: Harbans
|-
|''[[Jungle Ki Pukar]]''||Ramji Arya || Shankar Vazare, Ameena Khatoon, [[Mohammed Hussain (musician)|Mohammed Hussain]], Amit Roy, Usha, Ravikant ||Action ||Music: S. Bannerjee, G. Goswami Lyrics: [[Indeevar]]
|-
|}

==K-L==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Kahan Gaye]]'' ||Niranjan ||[[Geeta Bali]], [[Chand Burke]] ||Social ||Music: Lachchhiram Tamar, Anupam Ghatak Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Kamala (1946 film)|Kamala]]'' ||Chimanlal Trivedi ||[[Leela Desai]], Nandrekar, Gulab, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], [[Badri Prasad]] ||Social ||Music: Gyan Dutt Lyrics: Swami Ramanand Saraswati, Neelkanth Tiwari
|-
|''[[Kangoo (1946 film)|Kangoo]]'' ||G. Karim ||Mahapatra, Sadiq Ali, Qamar, Anwar Sultan ||Action ||Music: Mohammed Shafi Lyrics: C. M. Hunar, Shewan Rizvi, Pandit Taresh
|-
|''[[Kashmir Ki Kali (1946 film)|Kashmir Ki Kali]]''||Jagannath Dhar || [[Master Vithal]], Kavita Devi, Mehrunissa, Vasantrao Pehalwan, Gouri Shankar, Varne, Devaskar, || ||Music: A Karim Lyrics: Matwala Pandit
|-
|''[[Keemat (1946 film)|Keemat]]''||Nazeer Ajmeri || [[Amar (actor)|Amar]], Sulochana Chatterjee, A. Shah, [[Badri Prasad]], Sofia, Sharda, Nawab, Anwaribai ||Social ||Music: [[Naushad]] Lyrics: [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|-
|''[[Khamosh Nigahen (1946 film)|Khamosh Nigahen]]''||Moti B. Gidwani ||[[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]], [[Al Nasir (actor)|Al Nasir]], Zahur Shah, [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], Subhasini, ||Drama ||Music: [[Vinod ER|Vinod]] Lyrics: Aziz Kashmiri
|-
|''[[Khan Saheb (1946 film)|Khan Saheb]]'' ||Prem Sethna ||Master Mohan, Dalsukh, Patience Cooper, Narmada Shankar ||Social ||Music: Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Khooni (1946 film)|Khooni]]''||K. L. Khan ||Raj Rani, Dilawar, Baburao Pendharkar, Arun, Ali, Nawaz||Action ||Music: M. Sagir Asif, K. Narayana Rao Lyrics: Fiza Shahjahanpuri, Bashar Dehlvi, Shewan Rizvi, Preetam
|-
|''[[Khush Naseeb]]''||Vithaldas Panchotia ||Rukmini Devi, Padma Devi, Vithaldas Panchotia, Indira, Gulab, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] ||Social ||Music: Anupam Ghatak, Lachhiram Tamar Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Kismat Ka Dhani]]''||Ramanlal Desai ||Navinchandra, Indira, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Kalavati, Gulab||Social ||Music: Ramanlal Desai Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Krishna Leela (1946 film)|Krishna Leela]]''|| [[Debaki Bose]] || Paresh Bannerjee, [[Kanan Devi]], Hiralal, Ranjit Roy ||Devotional ||Music: Kamal Dasgupta Lyrics: Faiyyaz Hashmi, M N Pran
|-
|''[[Kuldeep (1946 film)|Kuldeep]]'' ||N. Vaswani ||Tasneem, Vijay Mohini, [[Madan Puri]], [[Bhudo Advani]] ||Social ||Music: Sushant Bannerjee Lyrics: Nava Naqvi
|-
|''[[Laaj (1946 film)|Laaj]]'' ||Shazada Ayaz ||Radharani, Shamim, Ramesh ||Social ||Music: Ramchandra Pal Lyrics: Sagar Nizami
|-
|''[[Laat Saheb]]''||K.P. Bhave ||Latika, [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], Harishchandra, Khatun, Dalpat, Bibijan||Social ||Music: Baldev Nayak Lyrics: Munshi Shyam
|-
|''[[Lady Robinhood (1946 film)|Lady Robinhood]]''||R. N. Vaidya ||[[Fearless Nadia]], Prakash, Shanta Patel ||Action ||Music: [[Chitragupta (composer)|Chitragupta]] Lyrics: A. Karim
|}

==M-O==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Maa Baap Ki Laaj]]''|| [[Nanabhai Bhatt]] ||Swarnalata, [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]], Nazir, Kusum Deshpande, Majid, Anwaribai, Gulab ||Family Drama ||Music: [[A R Qureshi]] Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Maaf Kijiyega]]'' ||[[Nari Ghadiali]] ||Prakash, Shanta Patel, Dalpat, Bibijan, Munchi Tuthi ||Social ||Music: K. Narayana Rao Lyrics: Mustafa Usman
|-
|''[[Magadraj]]''||R.S. Choudhury||[[Chandra Mohan (Hindi film actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Leela Desai]], [[Mumtaz Shanti]], Baburao Pendharker, Firoz Dastur, Sulochana Chatterjee ||Epic Drama ||Music: [[Bulo C. Rani]] Lyrics: Pandit Indra
|-
|''Magic Cap'' a.k.a. ''[[Jadui Topi]]'' ||J. Arastani ||Shankar Rao, Putli, Azurie, Dongre ||Fantasy Action ||Music: Master Vasant Mansoor Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Maharana Pratap (1946 film)|Maharana Pratap]]''|| Jayant Desai ||[[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]], [[Ishwarlal]], [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]], Sita Devi, Rewashanker, Nurjahan, Bhagwandas ||Historical ||Music: [[Ram Ganguly (composer)|Ram Ganguly]] Lyrics: Swami Ramanand
|-
|''[[Maharani Minaldevi]]''||Chimanlal Trivedi ||[[Leela Desai]], [[Prem Adib]], [[Durga Khote]], [[Moni Chatterjee]], Jagdish Sethi, Sankatha Prasad, Ghulam Rasool || ||Music: [[Saraswati Devi (music director)|Saraswati Devi]] Lyrics: Neelkanth Tiwari, Swami Ramanand Saraswati
|-
|''[[Mansarovar (1946 film)|Mansarovar]]''||Mahesh Chandra ||Nishi Baran, [[David (actor)|David]], [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]], Lakshman, Baby Nirmala ||Devotional ||Music: [[S. N. Tripathi]] Lyrics: Deepak, I. C. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Mera Geet]]''||Shanti Kumar ||[[Naseem Banu]], Sushil Kumar, [[Mukri]], Leela Pawar, Athavale, Shalini, Kesari, Mehndi Raza ||Social ||Music: Shankar Rao Vyas Lyrics: Ramesh Gupta
|-
|''[[Milan (1946 film)|Milan]]'' ||[[Nitin Bose]] ||[[Dilip Kumar]], Mira Misra, Ranjana, [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Moni Chatterjee]], S. Nazeer ||Social Drama ||Music: [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]] Lyrics: [[Pyare Lal Santoshi]], Arzu Lakhnavi
|-
|''[[Mohabbat Ki Duniya]]'' ||[[Nanubhai Vakil]] ||[[Zubeida Begum|Zubeida]], B. Dessa, Yousuf ||Romance ||Music: Dinkar S. Bidkar, S. K. Qadri Lyrics: Lalchand Falak
|-
|''[[Nai Maa]]''|| Kant J. Parmar||[[Ranjana (actress)|Ranjana]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], Rajkumari, Shukla ||Family Drama||Music: [[Hanuman Prasad (music director)|Hanuman Prasad]] Lyrics: Ramesh Gupta
|-
|''[[Namumkin (1946 film)|Namumkin]]'' ||[[Nari Ghadiali]] ||Prakash, Sharda, Chandrika, Sadiq, [[Tun Tun]], Shagun, Faqir Mohammed ||Action ||Music: Ayub Khan Lyrics: A. Karim
|-
|''[[Nargis (film)|Nargis]]''|| [[D.D. Kashyap]] ||[[Nargis]], [[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]], [[Shah Nawaz (actor)|Shah Nawaz]], [[David (actor)|David]], Alka Achrekar, Pratima Devi ||Social ||Music: [[Husnlal Bhagatram]] Lyrics: [[Qamar Jalalabadi]]
|-
|{{Lang|hi-latn|[[Neecha Nagar]]}}||[[Chetan Anand (producer & director)|Chetan Anand]] ||[[Kamini Kaushal]], [[Uma Anand]], Rafiq Ahmed, Rafi Peer, [[Zohra Sehgal]] || [[Socialist realism]]||Won the {{Lang|fr|[[Palme d'Or]]|italic=no}}. Music: [[Ravi Shankar]] Lyrics: [[Vishwamitra Adil]], Manmohan Anand
|-
|''[[Neera Aur Nanda]]'' ||R. S. Junnarkar ||Nishi Baran, Jaysinha, Shashi, Rupbasant, A. Chandrakant, Baby Naseem ||Social ||Music: Pandit Shankar Lyrics: Brajendra Gaud
|-
|''[[Nehle Pe Dehla (1946 film)|Nehle Pe Dehla]]''|| Hansraj Patel || [[E. Bilimoria]], Shanta Patel, Prakash, Samson ||Action ||Music: Ravi Raj Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Nek Pervin]]'' ||S. M. Yusuf ||Ragini, [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], [[Yashodhara Katju]], Masud, [[W. M. Khan]] ||Family Drama ||Music: Firoz Nizami Lyrics: Waheed Qureshi
|-
|''[[Nishana (1945 film)|Nishana]]''||K. L. Khan ||Navinchandra, Radharani, Sadiq, Mannan, Razi ||Action ||Music: Sagir Asif Lyrics: Anwar Murad Anari, Sagir Asif, Fida Shahjahanpuri
|-
|''[[Noor-e-Arab]]'' a.k.a. ''Tilasmi Heera''|| A. M. Khan ||Yashwant Dave, Ameena, Bhim, Sultan Alam, Dalpat, Mannan, Devasker, A. M. Ansari ||Fantasy ||Music: S. Habib Lyrics: : Ehsan Rizvi, Qaiser Jafri
|-
|''[[Omar Khaiyyam]]''|| [[Mohan Sinha]] ||[[K. L. Saigal]], [[Suraiya]], [[Wasti (actor)|Wasti]], Shakir, Leela, Muammil, [[Madan Puri]], Benjamin ||Fictionalized Biopic ||Music: Lal Mohammed Lyrics: Safdar Aah
|}

==P-R==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Panditji (1946 film)|Panditji]]'' ||G. R. Durrani ||Surekha, Nawaz, Ghulam Rasool, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Mumtaz ||Social ||Music: Khan Aziz Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Panihari]]''|| Gunjal|| [[Surendra (actor)|Surendra]], [[Shanta Apte]], [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]], Urmila, [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]], Gulab, [[Leela Mishra]] ||Social ||Music: [[S. N. Tripathi]], Ali Hussain Lyrics: Rammurti Chaturvedi, Brajendra Gaud, [[Pandit Indra]]
|-
|''[[Paraye Bas Mein]]''||Daud Chand ||[[Zubeida Begum|Zubeida]], Zahur Shah, [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], Asha Posley, Ramlal, Mala||Social Drama ||Music: Niyaaz Hussain Shami, [[Vinod ER|Vinod]] Lyrics: Aziz Kashmiri, Tufail Hoshiarpuri
|-
|''[[Pehchan (1946 film)|Pehchan]]''||[[P.C. Barua]] ||P. C. Barua, Ahindra Chowdhary, Jumna Barua, Robin Majumdar, Maya Bannerjee, Indu Mukherjee ||Social ||Music: Kamal Dasgupta Lyrics: Munir Alam, Faiyyaz Hashmi
|-
|''[[Phir Bhi Apna Hai]]''||[[Raja Nene]] ||[[Nalini Jaywant]], Jagdish Sethi, Kusum Deshpande, Sunalini Devi, Saroj Borkar, Paresh Bannerjee ||Social ||Music: : Ramchandra Pal Lyrics: Mukhram Sharma Ashant
|-
|''[[Phoolwari]]''|| [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]] ||[[Motilal (actor)|Motilal]], [[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]], [[Madhubala]], [[Tiwari (actor)|Tiwari]], [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], Nazira ||Social ||Music: [[Hansraj Behl]] Lyrics: Pandit Indra
|-
|''[[Prem Ki Duniya]]''|| [[Jyotish Bannerjee]] || Alaknanda, [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Ahindra Choudhury]], Kalpana ||Social ||Music: Subaldas Gupta Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Prithviraj Samyogita]]''|| Najam Naqvi || [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], Neena, Bharat Vyas, [[Tiwari (actor)|Tiwari]], Neelam, Shyama, [[Ram Avtar]] ||Historical Romance Drama ||Music: S. K. Pal Lyrics: [[Josh Malihabadi]], [[Akhtar ul Iman]], [[Bharat Vyas]]
|-
|''[[Pujari (1946 film)|Pujari]]''||Aspi Irani ||[[Mumtaz Shanti]], [[Masood (actor)|Masood]], [[Madhubala|Baby Mumtaz]], Yashwant Dave, [[Bipin Gupta]] ||Social ||Music: [[Hansraj Beh]] First film Lyrics: Wali Sahab and Pandit Indra
|-
|''[[Rajputani (1946 film)|Rajputani]]''|| Aspi Irani || [[P. Jairaj]], [[Veena (actress)|Veena]], [[Bipin Gupta]], Ghulam Mohammed, Baby Mumtaz: [[Madhubala]], Altaf, Noori, Usha Rani ||Costume Drama ||Music: [[Bulo C. Rani]] Lyrics: [[Pandit Indra]]
|-
|''[[Rangbhoomi (1946 film)|Rangbhoomi]]''||Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani||[[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]], [[K. N. Singh]], Jagdish Sethi, Sulochana Chatterjee, Maqbul, Navin Yagnik, [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], [[Leela Mishra]], [[Amir Banu]] ||Social ||Music: [[Premnath (composer)|Premnath]] Lyrics: Arzoo Lakhnavi
|-
|''[[Rasili]]''|| Hanuman Prasad || Radharani, Sushil Kumar, Anant Prabhu, Ranibala, [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]], Ramesh Gupta ||Social Drama ||Music: Hanuman Prasad Lyrics: Ghaafil Harnaalvi
|-
|''[[Rehana (1945 film)|Rehana]]''|| Harbans || [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]], [[Pran (actor)|Pran]], Salim Raza, Ramesh, Majnu, Asha, Leela ||Action ||Music: Qadir Fareedi Lyrics: Tufail Hoshiarpuri, Aziz Kashmiri
|-
|''[[Reporter (1946 film)|Reporter]]'' || D.S. Potdar ||Ali, Benjamin, Bibìjan, Phoolrani, Dilawar, Vithaldas Panchoti, Azurie, D. S. Salvi, Putli ||Action ||Music: Master Vasant Mansoor Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Room No. 9 (1946 film)|Room No. 9]]''||Vedi ||[[Shyam (actor)|Shyam]], [[Geeta Nizami]], [[K. N. Singh]], Saroj Borkar, Ranjit, Randhir ||Social ||Music: Rasheed Atre Lyrics: [[Nakshab Jarchvi]]
|-
|''[[Royal Mail (1946 film)|Royal Mail]]''||Nari Ghadiali ||Yashwant Dave, Husn Banu, Roopa, Chandrika, Habib ||Action ||Music: K. Narayana Rao Lyrics: Mustafa Nisar Usmani
|-
|''[[Rukmini Swayamvar]]'' ||Baburao Painter|| [[Durga Khote]], Baburao Pendharkar, [[Master Vithal]], Ratnamala, Devasker, D. S. Salvi ||Mythology ||Music: Vasudev, Sudhir Phadke Lyrics:
|-
|''[[Rupa (1946 film)|Rupa]]'' ||Nazir || Surekha, Ratanmala, Biman Banerjee, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], [[Jilloo]] ||Social ||Music: [[Gobind Ram (composer)|Gobind Ram]] Lyrics: Rammurti Chaturvedi, I. C. Kapoor
|}

==S-Z==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes
|-
|''[[Saathi (1946 film)|Saathi]]''||[[M. Sadiq]]||[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]], E. Ismail, Sadiq Ali, [[Badri Prasad]], Gulab, Majid, Jyoti ||Social ||Music: Gulshan Sufi Lyrics: Wali Sahab
|-
|''[[Safar (1946 film)|Safar]]''|| Bibhuti Mitra ||[[Kanu Roy]], Shobha, [[V. H. Desai]], Rajinder Singh, Haroon, S. L. Puri ||Social ||Music: [[C. Ramchandra]] Lyrics: [[Gopal Singh Nepali]]
|-
|''[[Salgirah]]''||K. S. Daryani ||[[P. Jairaj]], Snehprabha Prdhan, [[Kumar (actor)|Kumar]], [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], Pramila, [[Bibbo (actress)|Bibbo]] ||Social ||Music: [[Bulo C. Rani]] Lyrics: Wali Sahab
|-
|''[[Santan (1946 film)|Santan]]''|| B. Damania, Ram Prakash||Benjamin, [[Rehana (actress)|Rehana]], [[Lalita Pawar]], [[David (actor)|David]], Zeb Qureshi, Sumati Gupte ||Social ||Music: Ramchandra Pal Lyrics: Anjum Pilibhiti
|-
|''[[Sassi Punnu (1946 film)|Sassi Punnu]]''|| Jagatrai Pesumal Advani ||[[P. Jairaj]], [[Geeta Nizami]], [[E. Bilimoria]], [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], [[Bibbo (actress)|Bibbo]], [[Yashodhra Katju]], Majid ||Legend Romance ||Music: [[Gobind Ram (composer)|Gobind Ram]] Lyrics: I. C. Kapoor
|-
|''[[Sati Seeta]]''|| H. M. Reddy ||Padmavati Shaligram, B. R. Tandon, Sundar Rao, Bhagwan Das, Sundaribai, Master Mohammed ||Religious ||Music: Master Mohammed Lyrics: L Lalchand Falak
|-
|''[[Shah-e-Misr]]''||G. R. Sethi ||[[Ajit Khan|Ajit]], Geeta Bose, Abdul, Meghmala, Hamid ||Costume ||Music: Shanti Kumar Lyrics: Roopbani
|-
|''[[Shahi Khazana]]''|| S. Usman || Madhurika Devi, Sardar Mansur, Elizer, Violet Cooper||Action ||Music: Vasant Kumar Naidu Lyrics: Ehsan Elahi
|-
|''[[Shaher Se Door]]'' ||Barkat Mehra ||[[Al Nisar (actor)|Al Nisar]], [[Meena Shorey]], [[Om Prakash]], Irshad, Ajmal, Durga Mota ||Social ||Music: Pandit Amarnath Lyrics: [[D. N. Madhok]]
|-
|''[[Shahjehan]]''|| [[Abdul Rashid Kardar]] || [[K. L. Saigal]], Ragini, Nasreen, [[P. Jairaj]], Afzal, Anwari, Sulochana Chatterji, [[Madame Azurie|Azurie]]|| Fictionalised history, Romance, Drama ||Music: [[Naushad]] Lyrics: [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|-
|''[[Shalimar (1946 film)|Shalimar]]''||[[Roop K. Shorey]] ||[[Begum Para]], [[Al Nasir (actor)|Al Nasir]], [[Chandra Mohan (Hindi actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]], [[Amarnath (actor)|Amanath]], Zahur Shah, Majnu ||Fantasy ||Music: Pandit Amarnath, Anupam Ghatak, [[Lachhiram Tamar]] Lyrics: [[Aziz Kashmiri]]
|-
|''[[Sham Savera]]'' || [[M. Sadiq]] ||Swarnalata, [[Rafiq Ghaznavi]], [[Wasti (actor)|Wasti]], Sulochana Chatterjee, Pratima Devi, [[Badri Prasad]] ||Social ||Music: Pandit Amarnath Lyrics: [[D. N. Madhok]], Nazim Panipati
|-
|''[[Shama (1946 film)|Shama]]'' ||Adi F. Keeka, Abdul Majid, R. Khambata ||[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]], Prakash, [[Wasti (actor)|Wasti]], Chanda, Abu Bakar ||Social Drama ||Music: [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]] Lyrics: [[Shams Lucknavi]]
|-
| ''[[Shatranj (1946 film)|Shatranj]]'' ||Vaju Kotak ||[[Gajanan Jagirdar]] [[Leela Chitnis]], Krishnakant, Amritlal, Padma Banerjee, Nand Kishore ||Social ||Music: Madhav Lal, Baldev Nayak Lyrics: G M Madhup
|-
| ''[[Sher-E-Baghdad]]'' ||[[Homi Wadia]] ||[[Fearless Nadia]], [[John Cawas]], Sardar Mansur, Sona Chatterjee, Atish Sayani, Master Mohammed, Sardar Mansur, Dalpat, || ||Music: Master Mohammed Lyrics:
|-
| ''[[Shikari (1946 film)|Shikari]]'' ||[[Savak Vacha]] || [[Ashok Kumar]], Veera, [[Paro Devi]], [[Kishore Kumar]], S. L. Puri, [[Leela Mishra]], [[V. H. Desai]], Rama Shukal ||Drama ||Music: [[S. D. Burman]] Lyrics: [[Kavi Pradeep]]
|-
| ''[[Shravan Kumar (1946 film)|Shravan Kumar]]'' || Ram Daryani || Menaka Devi, [[Pahari Sanyal]], [[Mumtaz Shanti]], [[Chandra Mohan (Hindi actor)|Chandra Mohan]], K. C. Dey, [[Gope (actor)|Gope]], Gulab ||Mythology ||Music: [[Bulo C. Rani]] Lyrics: [[Wali Sahab]]
|-
|''[[Silver Queen (1946 film)|Silver Queen]]'' ||Raja Yagnik ||Madhuri, Navinchandra, Bibijan, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Dalpat, Devasker ||Action ||Music: S. Habib Lyrics: [[Ehsan Rizvi]]
|-
|''[[Sinbad The Sailor (1946 film)|Sinbad The Sailor]]'' ||[[Nanubhai Vakil]], Amulakh Desai ||Prakash, Shanta Patel, Mumtaz ||Fantasy ||Music: S. Qureshi Lyrics: Muztar Behzadi, Roopbani
|-
|''[[Sofia (1946 film)|Sofia]]'' ||G. S. Devare ||Ibrahim, Noortanha, [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]], Fatima, [[Tiwari (actor)|Tiwari]], Vithaldas Panchotia ||Action ||Music: R Ramnathkar Lyrics: Munshi Aashiq
|-
| ''[[Sohni Mahiwal (1946 film)|Sohni Mahiwal]]'' || [[Ishwarlal]], Ravindra Jaykar ||Ishwarlal, [[Begum Para]], Bibijan, [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]], [[Dixit (actor)|Dixit]], Rewashanker, Shobha || ||Music: Lyrics:
|-
| ''[[Sona Chandi (1946 film)|Sona Chandi]]'' ||R. D. Pareenja ||Kamala, Chandni, Kishori, Ghulam Rasool, Haroon, Saroj Borkar, Kathana ||Sona Chandi ||Music: Tufail Faruqui, D C Dutt Lyrics: Wali Sahab, Khawar Zaman, Shamim
|-
| ''[[Subhadra (1946 film)|Subhadra]]'' || [[Master Vinayak]]|| [[Prem Adib]], [[Shanta Apte]], [[Ishwarlal]], [[Yakub (actor)|Yakub]] Meenaxi, Usha Mantri ||Mythology ||Music: [[Vasant Desai]] Lyrics: Moti
|-
| | ''[[Suleh (film)|Suleh]]'' || Apurba Kumar Mitra ||[[Jamuna Barua]], Biman Bannerjee, Devbala, [[Bipin Gupta]], [[Tulsi Chakraborty]], Ahindra Choudhury ||Social ||Music: Anil Bagchi Lyrics: Narottam Vyas
|-
| ''[[Swadesh Sewa]]'' ||Nagendra Majumdar ||N. Majumdar, Madhav Kale, Gauhar Karnataki, [[David (actor)|David]], Athavale ||Social ||Music: Lyrics: Dhaniram Prem
|-
| ''[[Talwarwala]]'' || Nagendra Majumdar||[[Master Vithal]], [[Noor Jehan]], Dinkar, Azurie ||Action Drama ||Music: Dinkar Lyrics:
|-
|''Tassavvur'' ||Premkishan Jani ||[[Anjum Aaga]], Adil jaan, Noor-Jahan, Nandan ||Drama ||Music: Shamji Gupta, Mirza Baig Lyrics: Risu Sahay
|-
|''[[Tilasmi Duniya (1946 film)|Tilasmi Duniya]]'' ||A. M. Khan ||Sarla Devi, Shiraz, S, Kulkarni, Ansari, Madhukar Gupte, Rampyari ||Social ||Music: [[Sajjad Hussain (composer)|Sajjad Hussain]] Lyrics: Hamid Hyderabadi, Madhup Sharma
|-
| ''[[Toofan Queen]]'' ||Ramnik Vaidya || [[Fearless Nadia]], Prakash, [[Agha (actor)|Agha]], Shanta Patel, Shyam Sunder ||Action ||Music: Chitragupta Lyrics: Shyam HIndi
|-
| ''[[Tum Aur Main]]'' || Apurba Kumar Mitra ||[[Kanan Devi]], [[Talat Mehmood]], [[Manorama (Hindi actress)|Manorama]], [[Chhabi Biswas]], [[Purnima (Bollywood actress)|Purnima]], Paresh Bandhopadhyay, Sabita Devi, Sandhya Rani ||Drama ||Music: Robin Chatterjee Lyrics: Zaakir Hussain
|-
|''[[Urvashi (!946 film)|Urvashi]]'' ||Babubhai Jani ||[[Shobhana Samarth]], [[Prem Adib]], [[Suraiya]], S. B. Nayampalli, Nandkishore || ||Music: Ramchandra Pal, Paigankar, Shyam Sundar Lyrics: Pandit Raghuvir
|-
| ''[[Uttara Abhimanyu]]'' || Sarvottam Badami || [[Ashok Kumar]], Chhaya Devi, [[Shahu Modak]], [[Shanta Apte]], [[S. N. Tripathi]] ||Mythology ||Music: S. N. Tripathi Lyrics: Roopdas, [[Saraswati Kumar Deepak]]
|-
| ''[[Valmiki (1946 film)|Valmiki]]'' ||[[Bhalji Pendharkar]]||[[Prithviraj Kapoor]], [[Shanta Apte]], Pratima Devi, Vinay Kale, Leela, Prabhakar, Pratima Devi, Vinay Kale, Baburao Pendharkar ||Biopic ||Music: Shankar Rao Vyas Lyrics: Mahesh Gupta
|-
|''[[Wamaq Azra]]''||Nazir Ajmeri ||Swarnalata, [[Nazir Ahmed Khan]], Prakash, [[W. M. Khan]], M. Esmail, Kusum Deshpande||Costume ||Music: [[A R Qureshi]] Lyrics: Tanveer Naqvi
|-
| ''[[Zameen Aasmaan (1946 film)|Zameen Aasmaan]]'' ||Dwarka Khosla ||[[Ranjana (actress)|Ranjana]], [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]], [[Om Prakash]], Kusum Deshpande, Athavale ||Social ||Music: Kamal Dasgupta Lyrics: Faiyyaz Hashmi
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.imdb.com/List?year=1946&&language=Hindi&&tv=on&&heading=9;1946;Hindi&&related=9;1946;1946;Hindi;Hindi&&nav=/Sections/Years/1946/include-bylanguage Bollywood films of 1946] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{Bollywood|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1946 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Hindi films by year|1946]]
[[Category:Lists of 1946 films by language|Hindi]]
[[Category:1946 in Indian cinema|Films, Bollywood]]

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Jamia Islamia Bhatkal

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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{distinguish|Jamia Millia Islamia|Jamia Islamia Talimuddin|Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Jamia Islamia Bhatkal
| image = Jamia Islamia.JPG
| established = 1962
| type = [[Islamic seminary]]
| principal = Maqbool Kobatte Nadwi
| city = [[Bhatkal]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| affiliations = [[Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]
| vice_Director =
| rector =
| vice-president =
| president = Abdul Aleem Qasmi
| website = {{url|Jamiabhatkal.com}}
}}
'''Jamia Islamia Bhatkal''' is an [[List of Islamic seminaries|Islamic seminary]] of [[Islam]]ic learning located in [[Bhatkal]], [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/health/coronavirus-outbreak-nawayath-muslims-in-karnatakas-bhatkal-junk-orthodoxy-of-tablighi-jamaat-help-authorities-quarantine-vulnerable-feed-poor-8247041.html Coronavirus Outbreak: Nawayath Muslims in Karnataka's Bhatkal junk orthodoxy of Tablighi Jamaat, help authorities quarantine vulnerable, feed poor]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhatkallys.com/bhatkal-community-news/mohsin-shabandari-visits-jamia/ |title=First ever president of Jamia Islamia Bhatkal, Mohsin Shabandri visits Jamia Islamia campus |access-date=7 October 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425171034/http://www.bhatkallys.com/bhatkal-community-news/mohsin-shabandari-visits-jamia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was established in 1962 and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2012.<ref name=The-Hindu-report>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/jamia-islamia-bhatkal-celebrates-golden-jubilee/article3014861.ece|title=Jamia Islamia Bhatkal celebrates golden jubilee|date=20 March 2012|work=The Hindu|accessdate=28 October 2013}}</ref>

Jamia was a venue for a conference of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] held in 2009<ref name=Twocircles-report>{{cite web | url=http://www.twocircles.net/2009feb07/muslim_personal_law_board_meet_begins_bhatkal.html | title=Muslim Personal Law Board meet begins in Bhatkal | publisher=[[Two Circles]] | date=7 February 2009 | accessdate=13 April 2019}}</ref> and the [[Muslim World League]]'s educational convention in 2012.<ref name=Daijiworld-report>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=131932|title=Bhatkal: Jamia Islamia Honoured on Second Day of Educational Convention|website=daijiworld.com|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref>

==Foundation==
When the [[British Raj|British government]] established an English school in the town in 1871, it received backlash from locals. In order to educate Muslims in Bhatkal about Islam, Jamia Islamia was founded. In 1927, Mohammed Ismail Akrami started the Nazira [[Quran]] and the [[fiqh]] at his residence.<ref name="Shafee">{{cite book |last1=Qasimi |first1=Mohammed Shafee |title=جامعہ اسلامیہ بھٹکل کے قیام میں مصلح قوم حضرت ڈاکٹر علی ملپا صاحب رحمۃ اللّٰہ علیہ کا کردار |date=13 January 2018 |publisher=Raziyatul Abrar |location=Bhatkal |url=https://archive.org/details/JamiaIslamiaBhatkalQiyamDrMalpaAliKirdaar2/mode/1up?view=theater|language=ur}}</ref> In 1950, Dr. Ali Malpa started his efforts to establish an Islamic seminary, and guidance was taken from various Islamic scholars like [[Maulana Abdul Majid |Abdul Majid Daryabadi]], [[Abdul Bari Nadvi|Abdul Bari Nadwi Lucknowi]], [[Sayyid Sulaiman Nadwi]], Shah Wasiullah Fatehpuri, [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi|Qari Muhammed Tayyib Qasmi]], etc. A small madrasa was established in the house of Sada Mohammed Jifri in 1961. A year later, G.M. Abdul Qadir Jaan donated 2 acres of land, and on August 20, 1962, famous scholar Arshad Ahmed Qasimi from [[darul Uloom Deoband]] officially opened Jamia Islamia Bhatkal. Abdul Hameed Nadwi was named as the first principal.<ref name="Shafee2">{{cite book |last1=Qasimi |first1=Mohammed Shafee |title=TASIS JAMIA |date=5 July 2017 |publisher=Raziyatul Abrar |location=Bhatkal |url=https://archive.org/details/TASISJAMIA/page/n4/mode/1up |language=ur}}</ref>

==Library==
The library inside the campus is certified by [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] as a research-level facility for Islamic, philosophy and Arabic studies.<ref name="MR2020">{{cite web |last1=M Raghuram |title=On Bhatkal's bookshelves |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-statescan/on-bhatkal-s-bookshelves-804869.html |website=www.deccanherald.com |publisher=Deccan Herald |accessdate=5 April 2020 |date=15 February 2020}}</ref> This library has a collection of 40000 books in Arabic and English, about philosophy, jurisprudence, religion, literature, Islamic law.<ref name="MR2020"/>

==Publications==
*Armaghan-e-Hijaz: Urdu Magazine.
*Az-Zahra: Arabic Magazine.

==See also==
*[[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]
*[[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
*[[Nawayath]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Uttara Kannada district]]
[[Category:Islam in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Deobandi madrasas]]
[[Category:Islamic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Karnataka]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1962]]

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