Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Karma Indian Bistro

2023-10-06T12:07:34Z

Numbsoul02: stub

{{Short description|Indian restaurant in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada}}
{{Infobox restaurant
| embed =
| name = Karma Indian Bistro
| title = 
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| image =
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = 
| pushpin_map = 
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_size =
| established = 
| closed = 
| current-owner =
| previous-owner =
| manager =
| head-chef =
| chef =
| pastry-chef =
| food-type = Indian
| dress-code =
| rating =
| street-address =
| city = Vancouver
| county =
| state = British Columbia
| postcode = 
| country = Canada
| coordinates = 
| seating-capacity =
| reservations =
| other-locations =
| other-information = 
| website = 
}}
'''Karma Indian Bistro''' is an [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] restaurant in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Vancouver MICHELIN Bib Gourmands |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/michelin-guide-ceremony/michelin-guide-bib-gourmands-vancouver-canada |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karma Indian Bistro – Vancouver - a MICHELIN Guide Restaurant |url=https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/british-columbia/ca-vancouver/restaurant/karma-indian-bistro |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729214355/https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/british-columbia/ca-vancouver/restaurant/karma-indian-bistro |url-status=live }}</ref> The restaurant opened in [[Kitsilano]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Indian bistro with chai negronis and masala fries to open this weekend {{!}} Dished |url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/karma-indian-bistro-kitsilano |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=[[Daily Hive]] |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004165131/https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/karma-indian-bistro-kitsilano |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-13 |title=Michelin Adds 10 Vancouver Restaurants to Recommended List |url=https://www.vanmag.com/taste/food-news/surprise-michelin-adds-10-more-vancouver-restaurants-to-recommended-list/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Vancouver Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927193726/https://www.vanmag.com/taste/food-news/surprise-michelin-adds-10-more-vancouver-restaurants-to-recommended-list/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==

* [[List of Indian restaurants]]
* [[List of restaurants in Vancouver]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kitsilano}}
{{Coord|49|16|6.6|N|123|10|1.7|W|type:landmark_region:CA-BC|display=title}}

[[Category:2022 establishments in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Asian restaurants in Canada]]
[[Category:Asian-Canadian culture in Vancouver]]
[[Category:Indian restaurants outside India]]
[[Category:Kitsilano]]
[[Category:Restaurants established in 2022]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Vancouver]]

{{Canada-restaurant-stub}}

Soneri Mahal

2023-10-04T10:00:41Z

Numbsoul02: Created page with '{{short description| Palace in Aurangabad}} {{Use dmy dates|date=Sep 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=Sep 2023}} {{Infobox historic site | name = Soneri Mahal | image = Soneri Mahal, Aurangabad.jpg | location = Jaisingpura, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India | built = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1651}} | elevation = | founder = Pahadsingh (Envoy of Shah Jah...'

{{Short description|17th century palace in Aurangabad}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{peacock|date=October 2023}}
{{orphan|date=September 2023}}}}

{{Infobox historic site
| name = Soneri Mahal
| image = Soneri Mahal, Aurangabad.jpg
| location = Jaisingpura, [[Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| built = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1651}}
| elevation =
| founder = Pahadsingh (Envoy of [[Shah Jahan]])
| architecture = [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] and [[Rajput architecture]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|19|54|24|N|75|18|32|E|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = Maharashtra #India
| map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
}}
'''Soneri Mahal''' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: सोनेरी महल; {{IPA-mr|soˑneˑriˑ m(ə)ˑhaːlˑ}}; ''lit. "Golden Palace"'') is a historic monument located in [[Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]], situated in the Satmala mountain ranges. It is located in the vicinity of [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Murray G. |title=New Universities in the Modern World |chapter=Marathwada University |date=1966 |issue=Palgrave Macmillan UK |pages=105–120 |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-81783-2_7 |isbn=978-1-349-81785-6 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-81783-2_7}}</ref> It currently houses the Maharashtra State Museum for
Aurangabad.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sohoni |first1=Pushkar |title=A Tale of Two Imperial Residences: Aurangzeb's Architectural Patronage |journal=Journal of Islamic Architecture |date=2016 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=63–69 |doi=10.18860/jia.v4i2.3514 |s2cid=157970183 |url=https://web.p.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=20862636&AN=120593783&h=Gxj9QIoT6MpEBjaK7mNLyjavBLasBlIg5ddCYBPLUYLx3T%2bKpAGKZRQoJsEMXvbPueNr5AFQl76oBTLzTDDTbg%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d20862636%26AN%3d120593783 |access-date=9 September 2023}}</ref>

== History ==
Historical records suggest that [[Shah Jahan]] had sent Pahadsingh and Jhunjharsingh to the Deccan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bansod |first1=Bhakti |title=A Review Paper on Aurangabad Tourism Foundation |journal=International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology |date=March 2019 |volume=8 |issue=3 |page=271 |url=https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-paper-on-aurangabad-tourism-foundation-IJERTV8IS030184.pdf |access-date=9 September 2023}}</ref> During [[Aurangzeb]]'s rule, Pahadsingh, with his valor and strategic skills, had demonstrated his loyalty to the [[Mughal Empire]], with Pahadsingh relocating it to in Aurangabad in the Aurangzeb era. This historical account is further supported by the existence of a memorial dedicated to Bhau Lala Hardaul, a brother of Pahadsingh, on the outskirts of the building.

The palace was constructed between 1651 and 1653 AD, at an approximate cost of US$50,000. In 1934, the estimated value of the palace was assessed, and it was sold to the then [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], Mir Mahbub Ali Pasha, for 26,400 rupees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soneri Mahal |url=https://www.connectingtraveller.com/place-to-visit-in/aurangabad/soneri-mahal |website=Connecting Traveller |access-date=9 September 2023}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
The main building lies across a hill and is surrounded by lush trees, gardens, and fields. The palace was said to feature paintings made of real gold, thus giving it its name.The entrance is a solidly built structure with fortified security features. The ''Hathikhana'' gate has ornate arches and is adorned with intricate carvings that enhance its aesthetic appeal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soneri Mahal |url=https://aurangabadmahapalika.org/assets/300/2023/01/mediafiles/Soneri_mahal.pdf |publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of Maharashtra |access-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909132417/https://aurangabadmahapalika.org/assets/300/2023/01/mediafiles/Soneri_mahal.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2023 |language=English}}</ref> From here, a central pathway leads to the main palace. On either side of this pathway are gardens.

In the middle of this pathway is a large rectangular water reservoir, which was reconstructed by craftsmen in 2001-2002 using principles of Mughal architecture to restore the historical authenticity of the site.

The Soneri Mahal is rectangular and symmetrical, with a raised platform. The ground floor features a columned balcony and four other openings. On the second floor, there is a central hall with four other openings. In the south-north direction lies a staircase in the southern part, above which lies a decorative pinnacle. The building is constructed using durable materials like stone, brick, and lime plaster.

The monument is an excellent example of the fusion of Rajput and Mughal architectural styles. It is a protected monument under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1962,<ref>{{cite web |title=Protected Monuments in Maharashtra |url=https://asi.nic.in/protected-monuments-in-maharashtra/ |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |access-date=9 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909133943/https://asi.nic.in/protected-monuments-in-maharashtra/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lal |first1=B. B. |title=Indian Archaeology 1968-69: A review |date=1971 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |page=104 |url=http://nmma.nic.in/nmma/img_bkup/nmma_doc/Indian%20Archaeology%20Review/Indian%20Archaeology%201968-69%20A%20Review.pdf |access-date=9 September 2023}}</ref> and it stands as a valuable piece of Maharashtra's architectural heritage. It has been the venue for several events, including the Ajanta-Ellora festival,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hajra |first1=Vandita |title=Role of Indian folk culture in promotion of tourism in the country |journal=Indian Journal of Research |date=2015 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=231–235 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=4d201b9f8cd7f991669e1d711e974aa1d1642d13 |access-date=9 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Good response to heritage walk at Soneri Mahal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/good-response-to-heritage-walk-at-soneri-mahal/articleshow/59197513.cms |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=Times of India}}</ref> and more recently, as a part of [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit|India's G20]] tourism drive<ref>{{cite news |title=Maha: 17th century palace in Aurangabad gets new look with lights |url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/national/maha-17th-century-palace-in-aurangabad-gets-new-look-with-lights/532848.html |access-date=8 September 2023 |publisher=Press Trust of India |date=17 March 2023}}</ref> in Aurangabad. The palace also has a library and a small
history museum displaying old statues, coins and ancient
manuscripts.

=== Murals ===
[[File:Soneri Mahal Painting.jpg|thumb|Murals at Soneri Mahal]]
The murals depict the natural world. They incorporate elements of Mughal miniature paintings and are adorned with flowers, plants, and trees. Mughal paintings in the palace exhibit a profound understanding of botanical science with a depiction of traditional flora and fauna, including traditional flowers and fruits. The rose and lily flowers in the paintings display intricate details. The murals also make extensive use of bright and vibrant colors such as deep red, blue, green, yellow, white, and gold. The use of gold paint for certain elements on the murals gives them a metallic sheen. The linear perspective on some of the murals makes them appear lifelike.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

=== Museum ===
The first-floor gallery of the palace houses the Regional Museum, which was established in 1979. This museum showcases a diverse collection of ancient artifacts across various categories. It includes ancient sculptures, paintings, coins, pottery, arms and armor, and more. It houses [[terracotta]] artifacts, wooden sculptures, and glass paintings, among other items, which were excavated from various sites in and around Marathwada. The second floor of the museum currently houses the office of the Assistant Curator of the Archaeology Department, Government of Maharashtra.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

=== Lala Hardaul Samadhi ===
[[File:Lala Hardaul Samadhi, Soneri Mahal.jpg|thumb|Lala Hardaul Samadhi, Soneri Mahal]]
Lala Hardaul was a freedom fighter and a skilled warrior, and the son of Bundelkhand's Orcha Narash Veeersingh.
A ''samadhi'' (memorial) dedicated to him is located 50 meters away from the outer premises of the palace. The memorial is in the form of a square platform. This location in Bundelkhand's history is known for the extraordinary valor and bravery of Lala Hardaul. He is said to have fiercely resisted the Mughal authority and instilled fear in their ranks.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

Hardaul's bravery and courage is still celebrated in the Bundelkhand region and elsewhere. His untimely demise is attributed to his consumption of poison on the occasion of [[Vijayadashami]] in 1631, fearing the impending capture by Mughal forces. His memorial contains an inscription in both Marathi and [[Urdu]], which mention him by name.

Due to his significant role in history, the memorial has been declared a State Protected Monument by the Archaeology Department of the Government of Maharashtra and was recently renovated.<ref>{{cite news |title=10 Aurangabad monuments to get Rs 5.75 cr facelift |url=https://archive.ptinews.com//news/11001512_Maha--10-Aurangabad-monuments-to-get-Rs-5-75-cr-facelift.html |access-date=9 September 2023 |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Soneri Mahal Sunset.jpg|At sunset
File:Soneri Mahal Cloudy.jpg|During the day
File:Soneri Mahal.jpg|View from the ''Hathikhana'' gate
File:Hathikhana, Soneri Mahal.jpg|The ''Hathikhana'' fountain
</gallery>

== External links ==
*[https://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/soneri-mahal Soneri Mahal, Government of Maharashtra]
*[https://aurangabadmahapalika.org/assets/300/2023/01/mediafiles/Soneri_mahal.pdf Soneri Mahal, Aurangabad Municipal Corporation]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Palaces in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1650s establishments in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1651]]

Rahul Tripathi

2023-09-27T22:52:25Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

{{short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Rahul Tripathi

| image =
| caption =
| country = India
| fullname = Rahul Ajay Kumar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|3|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
| role =[[Batting (cricket) | Batter]]

| international = yes

| onetest =
| testdebutdate =
| testdebutyear =
| testdebutagainst =
| testcap =
| lasttestdate =
| lasttestyear =
| lasttestagainst =

| oneodi =
| odidebutdate =
| odidebutyear =
| odidebutagainst =
| odicap =
| lastodidate =
| lastodiyear =
| lastodiagainst =

| oneT20I =
| T20Idebutdate = 5 January
| T20Idebutyear = 2023
| T20Idebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| T20Icap = 102
| lastT20Idate = 1 February
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand

| club1 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| year1 = 2010–present
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]
| year2 = 2017
| clubnumber2 = 52
| club3 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year3 = 2018–2019
| clubnumber3 = 52
| club4 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| year4 = 2020–2021
| club5 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| year5 = 2022–present
|clubnumber5 = 52
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]
| matches1 = 5
| runs1 = 97
| bat avg1 = 19.40
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 44
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 3/–

| date = 1 February 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/446763.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Rahul Ajay Tripathi''' (born 2 March 1991) is an Indian international [[cricket]]er who made his debut for [[India national cricket team|Indian cricket team]] in January 2023 against Sri Lanka. He also plays for [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]] in domestic cricket and [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL).<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/446763.html |title=Rahul Tripathi |access-date=22 October 2015 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==Domestic Career==
He was the leading run-scorer for Maharashtra in the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]], with 504 runs in eight matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12592;team=1956;type=tournament |title=Ranji Trophy, 2018/19 - Maharashtra: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

In February 2017, he was bought by the [[Rising Pune Supergiants]] team for the [[2017 Indian Premier League]] (IPL).<ref name="IPL">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1083407.html |title=List of players sold and unsold at IPL auction 2017 |access-date=20 February 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In January 2018, he was bought by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22218394/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-sold-unsold-players |title=List of sold and unsold players |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was released by the Rajasthan Royals ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28087425/where-do-eight-franchises-stand-2020-auction |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 November 2019}}</ref> In the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]], he was bought by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] ahead of the [[2020 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28338426/ipl-auction-analysis-do-eight-teams-their-best-xis-place? |title=IPL auction analysis: Do the eight teams have their best XIs in place? |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

In February 2022, he was bought by the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]] for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1300689 |title=IPL 2022 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref>

==International career==
In June 2022, he was named in India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad for their two-match series [[Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2022|against Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ire-vs-india-hardik-pandya-to-captain-india-in-ireland-t20is-rahul-tripathi-gets-maiden-call-up-1320109 |title=Hardik Pandya to captain India in Ireland T20Is; Rahul Tripathi gets maiden call-up |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> The following month, he was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their series [[Indian cricket team in Zimbabwe in 2022|against Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/zim-vs-ind-2022-deepak-chahar-returns-after-injury-layoff-for-india-s-odi-series-in-zimbabwe-1326910 |title=Deepak Chahar returns after long injury layoff for ODI series in Zimbabwe |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> In December 2022, Tripathi was selected to play for India in the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2022–23#T20I series|T20I series against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardik to lead India in T20I series against Sri Lanka; Rohit returns for ODIs; Pant not in either squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/hardik-pandya-to-lead-india-in-t20i-series-against-sri-lanka-rohit-sharma-returns-for-odis-1351345 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> The following month, on 5 January 2023, Tripathi made his Twenty20 International debut for India at the age of 31 against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] in the second match of the series at Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium, Pune,<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2023 |title=Rahul Tripathi Makes T20I Debut for India |url=https://www.probatsman.com/ind-vs-sl-rahul-tripathi-makes-t20i-debut-for-india |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=ProBatsman |language=en-IN}}</ref> he was dismissed for 5 runs in his debut innings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2023-01-05 |title=India wins toss elect to field against SL in 2nd T20I, Rahul Tripathi makes debut |url=https://theprint.in/sport/india-wins-toss-elect-to-field-against-sl-in-2nd-t20i-rahul-tripathi-makes-debut/1299762/ |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of Sri Lanka vs India 2nd T20I 2022/23 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/sri-lanka-in-india-2022-23-1348629/india-vs-sri-lanka-2nd-t20i-1348641/full-scorecard |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=446763}}

{{Sunrisers Hyderabad squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tripathi, Rahul}}
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Maharashtra cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Ranchi]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rising Pune Supergiant cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games competitors for India]]

Rahul Tripathi

2023-09-27T22:52:25Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

Arvind Singh (rower)

2023-09-27T18:25:40Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

{{Short description|Indian rower}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Arvind Singh
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality = Indian
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|6|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| country =
| sport = [[Rowing (sport)|Rowing]]
| event =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[rowing (sport)|rowing]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's lightweight double sculls|Lwt double sculls]]}}
| show-medals = yes
}}
'''Arvind Singh''' (born 17 June 1996 in Khabra village of [[Bulandshahr]] district in [[Uttar Pradesh]]) is an Indian [[Rowing (sport)|professional rower]]. He is currently serving in the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/how-arvind-singh-and-arjun-lal-rowed-to-olympic-qualification|title=HOW ARVIND SINGH AND ARJUN LAL ROWED TO OLYMPIC QUALIFICATION!|work= International Olympic Committee (IOC)| access-date=}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Arvind Singh hails from Bulandshahr and his father was a farmer. He joined the army in 2016.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

== Career ==

===2020 Summer Olympics===
Arvind Singh qualified for the [[Olympic Games|2020 Olympic Games]] after finishing second at the Asia/Oceania Continental Qualifying Regatta event in Tokyo, Japan, and on the allocation of an Asian & Oceania Qualification Regatta spot now he will represent the [[India at the 2020 Summer Olympics|India Team]] at [[Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics|the Men's Lightweight double sculls Event]] in [[Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics]] of the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/rowing/story/_/id/31403165/tokyo-2021-indian-rowers-arjun-lal-jat-arvind-singh-qualify-olympics-double-sculls-event|title=Tokyo 2021: Indian rowers Arjun Lal Jat and Arvind Singh qualify for Olympics in double sculls event|work= ESPN India News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-2021-india-rowers-arvind-singh-arjun-lal-jat-double-sculls-rowing-tokyo-olympics-news/article35117964.ece|title=Tokyo Olympics: Arvind Singh, Arjun Lal Jat set for 'extreme' conditions in India's rowing medal bid|work= Sportstar The Hindu News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://odishatv.in/news/sports/indian-rowing-team-of-arjun-lal-and-arvind-singh-qualifies-for-olympics-46203|title=Indian Rowing Team Of Arjun Lal And Arvind Singh Qualifies For Olympics|work= Odisha TV News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/how-arjun-lal-arvind-singh-rowed-to-tokyo-olympics-2020/cid/1820478|title=How Arjun Lal, Arvind Singh rowed to Tokyo Olympics|work= Telegraph India News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/never-gave-tokyo-olympics-much-thought-but-have-been-training-for-it-since-oct-2020-rower-arjun-lal-jat20210513154654/|title=Never gave Tokyo Olympics much thought, but have been training for it since Oct 2020: Rower Arjun Lal Jat |work= ANI News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/indian-rowers-arjun-lal-jat-arvind-singh-qualify-for-tokyo-olympics-1799928-2021-05-07|title=Indian rowers Arjun Lal Jat and Arvind Singh qualify for Tokyo Olympics 2021 in lightweight double sculls|work=India Today News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2021-05-07|title=Indian rowing team of Arjun Lal and Arvind Singh qualifies for Olympics|work=The Hindu News|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-rowing-team-of-arjun-lal-and-arvind-singh-qualifies-for-olympics/article34506287.ece|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Imtiyaz|first=Md|date=2021-06-14|title=Desire for medal kept Tokyo Olympics bound rowers Arjun Jat & Arvind Singh motivated amid setbacks|work=The Bridge News|url=https://thebridge.in/rowing/desire-medal-tokyo-olympics-rower-arjun-jat-arvind-singh-motivated-22106|access-date=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{sports links}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Arvind}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male rowers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rowers at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic rowers for India]]
[[Category:Rowers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in rowing]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]

{{India-rowing-bio-stub}}

Arjun Lal Jat

2023-09-27T18:07:06Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

{{Short description|Indian rower}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Arjun Lal Jat
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality = Indian
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1997|2|07|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| country =
| sport = [[Rowing (sport)|Rowing]]
| event =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[rowing (sport)|rowing]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Rowing at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's lightweight double sculls|Lwt double sculls]]}}
| show-medals = yes
}}
'''Arjun Lal''' (born 7 February 1997, at Nayabas village, [[Jaipur district]], [[Rajasthan]]) is an Indian [[Rowing (sport)|rower]]. He is currently serving in the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=Never gave Tokyo Olympics much thought, but have been training for it since October 2020: Rower Arjun Lal Jat |work=New Indian Express News |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2021/may/13/never-gave-tokyo-olympics-much-thought-but-have-been-training-for-it-since-october-2020-arjun-2302106.html |url-status= |access-date=}}</ref>

At the [[2019 Asian Rowing Championships]] in [[Chungju]], Arjun along with [[Arvind Singh (rower)|Arvind Singh]] won their first international medal (a silver).

== 2020 Summer Olympics ==
Arjun qualified for the [[2020 Summer Olympic Games]] after finishing second at the Asia/Oceania Continental Qualifying [[Regatta]] event in Tokyo, Japan and was allocated an Asian & Oceania Qualification Regatta spot. He represented [[India at the 2020 Summer Olympics|India]] at [[Rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics |the Men's Lightweight double sculls event]] of the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/rowing/story/_/id/31403165/tokyo-2021-indian-rowers-arjun-lal-jat-arvind-singh-qualify-olympics-double-sculls-event|title=Tokyo 2021: Indian rowers Arjun Lal Jat and Arvind Singh qualify for Olympics in double sculls event|work= ESPN India News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2021-07-03|title=Tokyo Olympics: Arvind Singh, Arjun Lal Jat set for 'extreme' conditions in India's rowing medal bid|work=Sportstar The Hindu News|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-2021-india-rowers-arvind-singh-arjun-lal-jat-double-sculls-rowing-tokyo-olympics-news/article35117964.ece|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://odishatv.in/news/sports/indian-rowing-team-of-arjun-lal-and-arvind-singh-qualifies-for-olympics-46203|title=Indian Rowing Team Of Arjun Lal And Arvind Singh Qualifies For Olympics|work= Odisha TV News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chakraborty|first=Saionee|date=2021-06-21|title=How Arjun Lal, Arvind Singh rowed to Tokyo Olympics|work=Telegraph India News|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/how-arjun-lal-arvind-singh-rowed-to-tokyo-olympics-2020/cid/1820478|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/never-gave-tokyo-olympics-much-thought-but-have-been-training-for-it-since-oct-2020-rower-arjun-lal-jat20210513154654/|title=Never gave Tokyo Olympics much thought, but have been training for it since Oct 2020: Rower Arjun Lal Jat |work= ANI News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/indian-rowers-arjun-lal-jat-arvind-singh-qualify-for-tokyo-olympics-1799928-2021-05-07|title=Indian rowers Arjun Lal Jat and Arvind Singh qualify for Tokyo Olympics 2021 in lightweight double sculls|work=India Today News| access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2021-05-07|title=Indian rowing team of Arjun Lal and Arvind Singh qualifies for Olympics|work=The Hindu News|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-rowing-team-of-arjun-lal-and-arvind-singh-qualifies-for-olympics/article34506287.ece|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Imtiyaz|first=Md|date=2021-06-14|title=Desire for medal kept Tokyo Olympics bound rowers Arjun Jat & Arvind Singh motivated amid setbacks|work=The Bridge News|url=https://thebridge.in/rowing/desire-medal-tokyo-olympics-rower-arjun-jat-arvind-singh-motivated-22106|access-date=}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{sports links}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal Jat, Arjun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Indian male rowers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rowers at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic rowers for India]]
[[Category:Rowers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in rowing]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]

{{India-rowing-bio-stub}}

Deepak Hooda

2023-09-27T16:06:19Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

{{short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{for|the kabbadi player|Deepak Niwas Hooda}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Deepak Hooda
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Deepak Jagbir Hooda
| nickname = Deepak
| birth_date = {{Birth-date and age|19 April 1995}}
| birth_place = [[Rohtak]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/497121.html Deepak Hooda | India Cricket | Cricket Players and Officials]. ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved on 2015-10-23.</ref>
| height = 6 ft 1 in<ref>[https://www.cricketerlife.com/deepak-hooda-biography/] on [[Cricketer Life]]</ref>
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off break]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]

| international = true
| internationalspan = 2022–present
| odidebutdate = 6 February
| odidebutyear = 2022
| odidebutagainst = West Indies
| odicap = 243
| odishirt = 57
| lastodidate = 30 November
| lastodiyear = 2022
| lastodiagainst = New Zealand

| T20Idebutdate = 24 February
| T20Idebutyear = 2022
| T20Idebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| T20Icap = 97
| T20Ishirt = 57
| lastT20Idate = 1 February
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| lastT20Iagainst = New Zealand

| club1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| year1 = 2012/13–2020
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| year2 = 2014–2015
| clubnumber2 = 5
| club3 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| year3 = 2016–2019
| clubnumber3 = 5
| club4 = [[Punjab Kings]]
| year4 = 2020–2021
| club5 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| year5 = 2021-Present
| club6 = [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| year6 = 2022-Present
| column1 = [[One Day Internationals|ODI]]
| matches1 = 8
| runs1 = 141
| bat avg1 = 28.2
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 33
| deliveries1 = 150
| wickets1 = 3
| bowl avg1 = 39.67
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/6
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–
| columns = 3
| column2 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches2 = 46
| runs2 = 2,908
| bat avg2 = 42.76
| 100s/50s2 = 9/15
| top score2 = 293[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 1,679
| wickets2 = 20
| bowl avg2 = 40.95
| fivefor2 = 2
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/31
| catches/stumpings2 = 47/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 Internationals|T20I]]
| matches3 = 6
| runs3 = 350
| bat avg3 = 68.33
| 100s/50s3 = 1/0
| top score3 = 104
| deliveries3 = 23
| wickets3 = 5
| bowl avg3 = 6
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/10
| catches/stumpings3 = 1/–
| date = 1 February 2023
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/deepak-hooda-497121 Cricinfo
}}

'''Deepak Jagbir Hooda''' (born 19 April 1995) is an Indian International [[cricket]]er who plays for the [[Indian cricket team]]. He also plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] for [[Lucknow Super Giants]] and [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]] in the domestic cricket. He is an all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls right-arm [[off break]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deepak Hooda profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/deepak-hooda-497121|access-date=2022-02-09|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> He made his international debut for India in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Deepak Hooda profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/deepak-hooda-497121|access-date=2022-02-09|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=February 2022}}
Born to Jajbir Hooda, an Indian Air Force personnel and services player for Kabaddi himself, junior Hooda was active in sports since childhood. He started playing cricket when he was in school. He played at senior level at the age of 14 when he represented Kendriya Vidyalaya U-17 cricket team in the SGFI in the year 2009. He was a wicket-keeper batsman earlier and then, he became a batting all-rounder.

==Domestic career==
According to his coach, Sanjiv Sawant, Hooda is a "very accurate bowler".<ref>{{cite web|title=Accuracy pays off for Deepak Hooda|date=16 February 2014|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/accuracy-pays-off-for-deepak-hooda/|publisher=Indian Express|access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref> Hooda is also known to be an agile fielder.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deepak Hooda makes most of match practice|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report-deepak-hooda-makes-most-of-match-practice-1976474|publisher=DNA India|access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref> He made his [[Indian Premier League|IPL]] debut on 10 April 2015 for [[Rajasthan Royals]] against [[Punjab Kings]] (then Kings XI Punjab) and scored 30 off 15 balls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket scorecard - Kings XI Punjab vs Rajasthan Royals, 3rd Match, Indian Premier League 2015|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scorecard/14596/kxip-vs-rr-3rd-match-indian-premier-league-2015|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref> In his second match in IPL for Rajasthan Royals vs [[Delhi Daredevils]], he scored his maiden half-century scoring 54 off 25 balls and became the [[man of the match]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cricket scorecard - Delhi Capitals vs Rajasthan Royals, 6th Match, Indian Premier League 2015|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scorecard/14599/dc-vs-rr-6th-match-indian-premier-league-2015|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Cricbuzz|language=en}}</ref>

Hooda scored his first double-century in [[first-class cricket]] playing for Baroda in the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy Group A#Round 4|fourth round]] of the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="Ranji">{{cite news |date=28 October 2016 |title=Deepak Hooda's 293* flattens Punjab |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2016-17-1053433/baroda-vs-punjab-group-a-1053535/match-report-2 |access-date=28 October 2016}}</ref>

IN 2016 IPL auction, Hooda was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad for a price of 4.2 crores. He was retained ahead of 2017 auction but was released by the team after the 10th edition of IPL. In January 2018, he was bought by the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] in the [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018 IPL auction]].<ref name="IPL2018">{{cite web |title=List of sold and unsold players |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2018-player-auction-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1134446 |access-date=27 January 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He was released by the Sunrisers Hyderabad ahead of the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Where do the eight franchises stand before the 2020 auction? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/where-do-the-eight-franchises-stand-before-the-2020-auction-1206731 |access-date=15 November 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> In the [[List of 2020 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2020 IPL auction]], he was bought by the [[Kings XI Punjab]] ahead of the [[2020 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL auction analysis: Do the eight teams have their best XIs in place? |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-analysis-do-the-eight-teams-have-their-best-xis-in-place-1210632 |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

In the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2022 IPL auction]], Hooda was bought by the [[Lucknow Super Giants]] for ₹5.75 crores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-auction/ipl-auction-2022-live-updates-day-1/article38413730.ece |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |title= PL Auction 2022 live updates|date=12 February 2022 }}</ref>

==International career==
In November 2017, Hooda was named in India's squad for their [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) series [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2017–18|against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Washington Sundar, Thampi, Hooda in India's T20 squad|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/washington-sundar-basil-thampi-deepak-hooda-in-india-s-t20-squad-1128468|access-date=2021-04-13|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref>

In February 2018, Hooda was named in India's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for the [[2018 Nidahas Trophy]], but he did not play.<ref name="India">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcci.tv/news/2018/press-releases/17166/rohit-sharma-to-lead-india-in-nidahas-trophy-2018 |title=Rohit Sharma to lead India in Nidahas Trophy 2018 |work=BCCI Press Release |access-date=25 February 2018 |date=25 February 2018 |archive-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225211131/http://www.bcci.tv/news/2018/press-releases/17166/rohit-sharma-to-lead-india-in-nidahas-trophy-2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In December 2018, he was named in India's team for the [[2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1167689.html |title=India Under-23s Squad |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref>

In January 2022, Hooda was named in India's [[One Day International]] (ODI) squad for their home series [[West Indian cricket team in India in 2021–22|against the West Indies]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-wi-2022-rohit-sharma-and-kuldeep-yadav-return-for-west-indies-odis-and-t20is-1298852 |title=Rohit and Kuldeep return for West Indies ODIs and T20Is |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> He made his ODI debut against the West Indies in the first ODI of the same series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1278676.html |title=1st ODI (D/N), Ahmedabad, Feb 6 2022, West Indies tour of India and scored 26 runs of 32 deliveries.|work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> The following month, he was added to India's [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) squad, also for their series against the West Indies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555868/kl-rahul-and-axar-patel-ruled-out-of-t20i-series |title=KL Rahul and Axar Patel ruled out of T20I Series |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> Also in February 2022, he was named in India's T20I squad for their series [[Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2021–22|against Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ravindra-jadeja-sanju-samson-back-in-india-squad-for-sri-lanka-t20is-1301954 |title=Ravindra Jadeja, Sanju Samson back in India squad for Sri Lanka T20Is |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> He made his T20I debut on 24 February 2022, for India against [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1278684.html |title=1st T20I (N), Lucknow, Feb 24 2022, Sri Lanka tour of India |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref>

In June 2022, Hooda was named in India's squad for their T20I series [[Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2022|against Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ire-vs-india-hardik-pandya-to-captain-india-in-ireland-t20is-rahul-tripathi-gets-maiden-call-up-1320109 |title=Hardik Pandya to captain India in Ireland T20Is; Rahul Tripathi gets maiden call-up |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref> In the second match of the series, Hooda went on to score his maiden [[List of centuries in Twenty20 International cricket|T20I century]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ireland-vs-india-deepak-hooda-smashes-55-ball-century-to-put-india-in-command-in-2nd-t20i-1967865-2022-06-28 |title=Ireland vs India: Deepak Hooda smashes 55-ball century to put India in command in 2nd T20I |work=India Today |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> His partnership with [[Sanju Samson]] of 176 runs was the [[List of Twenty20 International records#Highest partnerships (by wicket)|highest partnership for the second wicket]] in men's T20I and the [[List of India Twenty20 International cricket records#Highest partnerships by wicket|highest partnership for any wicket for India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/deepak-hooda-sanju-samson-register-highest-t20i-partnership-for-india-7997088/|title=Deepak Hooda, Sanju Samson register highest T20I partnership for India|work=Indian Express|date=28 June 2022|access-date=28 June 2022|language=en}}</ref>

He was also selected for India's squad for the [[2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2022 ICC T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=T20 World Cup, IND vs SA: Deepak Hooda Replaces Axar Patel as Rohit Sharma Elects to Bat Against South Africa |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/t20-world-cup-ind-vs-sa-deepak-hooda-replaces-axar-patel-as-rohit-sharma-elects-to-bat-against-south-africa-6271279.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cricinfo|id=497121}}

{{Baroda cricket squad}}
{{Lucknow Super Giants squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hooda, Deepak}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Baroda cricketers]]
[[Category:India Blue cricketers]]
[[Category:Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers]]
[[Category:Rajasthan Royals cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Rohtak]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian A cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab Kings cricketers]]
[[Category:Lucknow Super Giants cricketers]]

Deepak Hooda

2023-09-27T16:06:19Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

Sneh Rana (cricketer)

2023-09-27T00:08:46Z

Numbsoul02: Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes.

{{short description|Indian cricketer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sneh Rana
| female = true
| image =Sneh Rana.jpg
| caption =Rana in August 2022
| fullname = Sneh Rana
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|2|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[off spin|off break]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]

| international = true
| country = India
| internationalspan =

| onetest = true
| testdebutdate = 16 June
| testdebutyear = 2021
| testdebutagainst = England
| testcap = 85
| lasttestdate =
| lasttestyear =
| lasttestagainst =

| odidebutdate = 19 January
| odidebutyear = 2014
| odidebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| odicap = 110
| lastodidate = 18 September
| lastodiyear = 2022
| lastodiagainst = England
| odishirt = 2

| T20Idebutdate = 26 January
| T20Idebutyear = 2014
| T20Idebutagainst = Sri Lanka
| T20Icap = 45
| lastT20Idate = 23 February
| lastT20Iyear = 2023
| lastT20Iagainst = Australia
| T20Ishirt = 2

| club1 = [[Punjab women's cricket team|Punjab]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|2010/11–2017/18}}
| club2 = [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]]
| year2 = 2015/16–present
| club3 = [[IPL Velocity|Velocity]]
| year3 = 2022
| club4 = [[Gujarat Giants (WPL)|Gujarat Giants]]
| year4 = 2023–present

| columns = 3

| column1 = [[Women's Test cricket|WTest]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = 82
| bat avg1 = 82.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/1
| top score1 = 80[[not out|*]]
| deliveries1 = 236
| wickets1 = 4
| bowl avg1 = 32.75
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 4/131
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

| column2= [[Women's One Day International|WODI]]
| matches2 = 22
| runs2 = 203
| bat avg2 = 15.61
| 100s/50s2 = 0/1
| top score2 = 53[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 1035
| wickets2 = 24
| bowl avg2 = 33.50
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/30
| catches/stumpings2 = 9/–

| column3 = [[Women's Twenty20 International|WT20I]]
| matches3 = 22
| runs3 = 63
| bat avg3 = 12.60
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 16
| deliveries3 = 438
| wickets3 = 21
| bowl avg3 = 21.71
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 3/9
| catches/stumpings3 = 10/–

| date = 23 February 2023
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/556537.html ESPNCricinfo
| module = {{Infobox medal templates | titlestyle = background-color: lightsteelblue; | expand=yes
| medals = {{MedalCountry| {{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Cricket at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|Team]]}}
}}
}}
'''Sneh Rana''' (born 18 February 1994) is an Indian [[cricket|cricketer]], who currently plays for [[Railways women's cricket team|Railways]] and [[India women's national cricket team|India]] as a right-arm [[off spin|off break]] [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]] and right-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batter]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/556537.html |title=Sneh Rana |accessdate=18 April 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/karuna-jain-left-out-of-india-women-s-one-day-squad-802131 |title=Karuna Jain left out of India women's one-day squad |accessdate=21 November 2014|work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Rana hails from Sinaula, on the outskirts of [[Dehradun]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menon|first=Vishal|date=2021-06-22|title=Sneh Rana overcomes personal tragedy, injury to script India's Bristol rearguard|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/sneh-rana-india-women-bristol-rearguard-tragedy-injury-7367900/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Her father was a farmer.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Banerjee|first1=Kathakali|last2=Anab|first2=Mohammad|date=2021-06-21|title=Farmer's daughter creates cricketing history in Bristol|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/farmers-daughter-creates-cricketing-history/articleshow/83694835.cms|access-date=2021-06-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==International career==
She made her [[Women's One Day International]] and [[Women's Twenty20 International]] debuts against Sri Lanka in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/india-test-newbies-where-were-they-in-november-2014 |title=India's potential Test debutantes: Where were they in November 2014? |work=Women's CricZone |access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref>

After a knee injury in 2016, she was side-lined from the national team, and would not play international cricket for another five years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Annesha|date=2021-06-17|title=The love, loss and comeback of Sneh Rana|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/england-vs-india-women-only-test-sneh-rana-love-loss-and-comeback-1266786|access-date=2021-06-26|website=ESPNcricinfo|language=en}}</ref> During this period, she played domestic cricket, and also played for India B.

In May 2021, she was named in India's [[Women's Test cricket|Test squad]] for their one-off match against the [[India women's cricket team in England in 2021|England women's cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2021/news/154389/india-s-senior-women-squad-for-the-only-test-match-odi-t20i-series-against-england-announced |title=India's Senior Women squad for the only Test match, ODI & T20I series against England announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref> Rana made her Test debut on 16 June 2021, for India against [[England women's cricket team|England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1260093.html |title=Only Test, Bristol, Jun 16 - 19 2021, India Women tour of England |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/off-spinner-sneh-rana-shines-on-test-debut-v-england |title=Turning it in: Sneh Rana shines on Test debut |work=Women's CricZone |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref>

In January 2022, she was named in India's team for the [[2022 Women's Cricket World Cup]] in New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/womens-odi-world-cup-2022-renuka-singh-meghna-singh-yastika-bhatia-break-into-indias-world-cup-squad-1295643 |title=Renuka Singh, Meghna Singh, Yastika Bhatia break into India's World Cup squad |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> In July 2022, she was named in India's team for the [[Cricket at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|cricket tournament]] at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Birmingham]], England.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555899/team-india-senior-women-squad-for-birmingham-2022-commonwealth-games-announced?type=Latest |title=Team India (Senior Women) squad for Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo}}
* {{cricketarchive|id=896644}}
* [https://deepthirdman.com/2023/02/11/sneh-rana/ Sneh Rana] at [https://deepthirdman.com The Cricket Fanatic]

{{Gujarat Giants WPL squad}}
{{India Squad 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup}}
{{India Cricket Squad 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{India Squad 2022 Women's Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rana, Sneh}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Dehradun]]
[[Category:India women Test cricketers]]
[[Category:India women One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Punjab, India women cricketers]]
[[Category:Railways women cricketers]]
[[Category:IPL Velocity cricketers]]
[[Category:Gujarat Giants (WPL) cricketers]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Cricketers at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in cricket]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]

Sneh Rana (cricketer)

2023-09-27T00:08:46Z

Numbsoul02: Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes.

Boxing Federation of India

2023-09-26T22:26:20Z

Numbsoul02: Removed parameters.

{{Short description|Governing body for boxing}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2011}}
{{Infobox sport governing body
|name = The Boxing Federation of India
|abbrev = BFI
|logo = BFILOGO.jpg
|logosize = 135px
|sport = [[Boxing]]
}}
'''The Boxing Federation of India''' ({{lang-hi|बॉक्सिंग फेडरेशन ऑफ़ इंडिया}})<ref>{{Cite web|title=Boxing Federation of India|url=https://boxingfederation.in/|access-date=27 May 2022|website=BoI}}</ref><ref name="bfi" >{{Cite web|title=Delhi High Court upholds Boxing Federation of India as only recognised national body for boxing|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/delhi-high-court-upholds-boxing-federation-of-india-as-only-recognised-national-body-for-boxing|date=29 May 2019|access-date=27 May 2022|website=The Free Press Journal}}</ref> is the [[India]]n national governing body for amateur boxing for Olympic and is the India's member organization of the [[International Amateur Boxing Association]] ([[International Boxing Association (amateur)|AIBA]]). It is headquartered in [[New Delhi]].

==History==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
In 1925, the first governing body for boxing in India, Bombay Presidency Amateur Boxing Federation was formed in Mumbai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Venkat |first=Rahul |date=2023-03-31 |title=History of boxing in India: From a staggered start to a global powerhouse |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-boxing-history-olympics-asian-games-commonwealth-games |website=www.olympics.com}}</ref> Mostly due to the efforts of H.V.Pointon, the President of the Bombay Presidency Amateur Boxing Federation (1944–48), Indian Amateur Boxing Federation was founded on February 25, 1949.<ref name=":0" /> Major F.G.Baker became the first secretary at the inaugural meeting at the Governor's Pavilion of the Cricket Club of India in Mumbai. Bombay (Mumbai) became the headquarters of the body. The first national championships were held at the [[Brabourne Stadium]] in Mumbai in March 1950.

Indian Boxing Federation was also known as Indian Amateur Boxing Federation (IABF) and was suspended by the [[International Amateur Boxing Association]] in 2014,<ref>[http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/boxing/item/200357-after-olympic-shame-now-indian-boxing-body-suspended Indian Boxing Federation suspended by International body, Sports Ministry asks for re-election]</ref> following which BFI was recognised as the recognised body.<ref name="bfi" />

==Overview & Championships==
The IBF comprises about 6000 registered Indian boxers and it maintains records of their personal and professional details which includes their achievements, medals won and championships participated. Registration to the IBF and possessing an identity card are mandatory for each boxer for participating in any championship organized by it.

The Indian Boxing Federation records are fully digitized. Its website is updated on a daily basis. The facility for online display of the live score of each championship conducted by it is available on its website, which is also availed by all of its affiliated state federations, boards, and units. Its website also provides information about the affiliated state federations, all registered male and female boxers and officials, coaches, and its training centers.

In November 2011 Indian Boxing Federation offered Arash Hashemi of Las Vegas, an Iranian descent and a former member of the 1996 United States of America Boxing Federation to coach the Olympic team, Hashemi rejected the tempting offer saying, "I am an Iranian/American and love my country and people. Hashemi feared they might face an Iranian or an American opponent in major tournaments. Gurbaksh Singh Sandhu, the national coach for about two decades has decided to hang his boots after the [[2012 Summer Olympics|London Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news| url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/london-olympics-2012/news/Boxing-coach-Sandhu-to-retire-after-London-Olympics/articleshow/14800368.cms| title= Boxing coach Sandhu to retire after London Olympics| date= 10 July 2012}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://boxingfederation.in Boxing Federation of India official site]

{{Sports governing bodies in India}}
{{National members of the International Boxing Association}}

[[Category:Sports governing bodies in India|B]]
[[Category:National members of the Asian Boxing Confederation]]
[[Category:Boxing in India]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Sports organizations established in 1949]]
{{boxing-stub}}

Gangster Gangaraju

2023-07-19T16:51:08Z

Numbsoul02: Produced a new article draft.

{{short description|2022 Indian Telugu film}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gangster Gangaraju
| image = Gangster_Gangaraju_2022_film_poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Eeshaan Suryaah
| producer = {{ubl| Padmavathi Chadalavada | Sri Tirumala Tirupati Venkateswara Films (STTVF) }}
| music = Sai Kartheek
| writer = {{ubl| Naga Babu | Rama Raju }}

| starring = {{ubl| [[Laksh Chadalavada]] | Vedieka Dutt | [[Vennela Kishore]] | [[Charandeep]] | [[Srikanth Iyengar]]}}
| cinematography = P. C. Khanna
| editing = Anugoju Renuka Babu
| studio =
| distributor =
| runtime = 132 minutes
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|06|24}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu

}}

'''Gangster Gangaraju''' is a 2022 Indian Telugu language film directed by Eeshaan Suryaah and produced by Padmavathi Chadalavada starring [[Laksh Chadalavada]], Vedieka Dutt, [[Vennela Kishore]], [[Charandeep]] and [[Srikanth Iyengar]]. The film is a theatrical release and is released on 24 June 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/gangster-gangaraju-movie-review-laksh-came-up-with-commercial-cinema-ta-1345130.html|title=Gangster Gangaraju Review: గ్యాంగ్‌స్టర్ గంగరాజు’ రివ్యూ.. కమర్షియల్ బొమ్మే కానీ..'|work=[[News18 Telugu]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/may/13/gangster-gangaraju-to-release-in-june-31467.html|title=Gangster Gangaraju to release in June|work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Laksh's 'Gangster Gangaraju' Completed Censor, Received U/A Certificate|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lakshs-gangster-gangaraju-completed-censor-received-u/a-certificate/articleshow/92245629.cms|work=[[The Times of India|Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Laksh’s 'Gangster Gangaraju' Sneak Peek Video Out|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lakshs-gangster-gangaraju-sneak-peek-video-out/articleshow/92378718.cms|work=[[The Times of India|Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Gangaraju is a good-for-nothing guy, who falls in love with Umadevi and tries a lot to win her heart, Due to unfortunate incidents, Gangaraju accidentally kills a Gangster Siddappa. After the murder, He becomes a Gangster to save his village.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Actors/Read/994511804/Gangster-Gangaraju-has-an-Interesting-Subplot|title='Gangster Gangaraju' has an interesting Sub-plot|website=www.[[India Herald|indiaherald]].com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gangster Gangaraju Movie Review: Gangster Gangaraju Review...|url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment/gangster-gangaraju-movie-review-rdzlxj|work=[[Asianet News Network|asianetnews]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Laksh Chadalavada]] as Gangaraju
* Vedieka Dutt as Uma Devi
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Bachan Takhur
* [[Charandeep]] as Basireddy
* [[Srikanth Iyengar]] as Narsareddy
* [[Annapurna (actress)|Annapoorna]]
* Goparaju Ramana as Nagaraj
* Nihar Kapoor
* Rajeshwari Nair as Roja
* Raviteja Nannimala
* Sammeta Gandhi
* [[Satya Krishnan]] as Satya
* Anu Manasa
* Lavanya Reddy
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]]

== Production ==
The film was announced in 2021, Produced by Chadalavada Padmavathi under the banner Sri tirumala tirupati Venkateswara Films (STTV Films) and directed by Eeshaan Suryaah featured [[Laksh Chadalavada]], Vedieka Dutt, [[Vennela Kishore]] and [[Srikanth Iyengar|Srikanth Iyyengar]] as lead characters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/gangster-gangaraju-movie-latest-poster-goes-wrong-netizens-fire-on-director-39022|work=[[Abplive|Telugu ABPlive]]|title=Controversy over gangster gangaraju movie poster, fire for insulting police}}</ref>

The film was released on 24 June 2022 in Telugu and Tamil language<ref>{{cite news|title=Gangster Gangaraju to release in June
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2022/may/13/gangster-gangaraju-to-release-in-june-31467.html|date=13 May 2022|work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> and is streaming on OTT platform [[Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/gangster-gangaraju/movieshow/92223290.cms|title=Gangster Gangaraju|work=[[The Times of India|Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/gangster-gangaraju-official-trailer/videoshow/92179513.cms|title=Gangster Gangaraju - Official Trailer|work=[[Times of india|Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994500515/Gangster-Gangaraju-Grand-Release-On-This-Date|title='Gangster Gangaraju' grand release on this day?|website=www.[[India Herald|indiaherald.com]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The Music was composed by Sai Kartheek and released under the label [[Saregama|SaReGaMa Telugu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gangster Gangaraju - All Songs Playlist|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=an8hGGbNImU|work=[[Saregama|Official Saregama Telugu Youtube Channel]] }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Singer(s) !! Lyricist !! Length !! Notes
|-
| Ella Ella || Deepak Blue, Deepthi Suresh || Mathura Kavi || 3:44 mins ||
|-
| Gangster Gangaraju Title Song || Saketh Komanduri || Kasarla Shyam || 3:39 mins || <ref>{{cite news|title=Gangster Gangaraju - Title Track|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/gangster-gangaraju-title-track/videoshow/92349882.cms|work=[[The Times of India|Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| Emo Elaaga || [[Vedala Hemachandra]] || [[Bhaskarabhatla]] || 3:49 mins ||
|}

== External Links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt15289646}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:2020s Telugu-language films]]

Rajiv Bahl

2023-07-06T09:51:43Z

Numbsoul02: Page created.

{{short description|Indian pediatrician and public health researcher}}
{{Use dmy dates}} {{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajiv Bahl
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater = University of Delhi{{!}} {{!}} All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| occupation = Director-general, Indian Council of Medical Research
| employer = Government of India
| website = https://www.icmr.gov.in/dg.html
}}
'''Rajiv Bahl''' is an Indian [[paediatrician]] and public health researcher known for his research on maternal and child health research and health policy. He was the Head of Research on Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health at the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2013 to 2022 and is currently the Director-General of the Indian Council of Medical Research.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Rajiv Bahl appointed ICMR Director General for 3 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/dr-bahl-appointed-icmr-director-general-for-3-years-8169097/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Rajiv Bahl received an [[M.B.B.S.]] from the University of Delhi and a PhD in public health from AIIMS, Delhi. S

== Career ==

=== Early career ===

=== Career with WHO ===

== Selected research ==

{{Empty section}}

== Other activities ==

{{Empty section}}

== Personal life ==

{{Empty section}}

== Selected works and publications ==

{{Empty section}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==

{{Empty section}}

== External links ==

[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Council of Medical Research]]
[[Category:Indian paediatricians]]
[[Category:World Health Organization officials]]

1986 Indian Rajya Sabha elections

2023-04-26T13:03:27Z

Numbsoul02: Added a new addition to the collection.

#REDIRECT [[1986 Rajya Sabha elections]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

2020 India-China skirmishes

2023-02-26T07:27:09Z

Numbsoul02: Created an engaging write-up.

#REDIRECT [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes]]
{{Redirect shell|{{R from modification|1={{-r|2020 India–China skirmishes}}}}}}
{{User:Babbywiki/Auto-G8|target=2020 India–China skirmishes}}

Gurdwara Reform Movement

2022-12-19T10:51:01Z

Numbsoul02: redir

#REDIRECT [[Akali movement]]

Ram Mohan Roy

2022-11-22T23:58:19Z

Numbsoul02: Published a valuable reference.

{{Short description|Indian religious, social and educational reformer (1772–1833)}}
{{Distinguish|Raja Mohan}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Raja]]
| name = Ram Mohan Roy
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|list=[[Fellows of The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|FRAS]]}}
| image = Portrait of Raja Ram Mohun Roy, 1833.jpg
| caption = Roy in London (1833), by [[Rembrandt Peale]]
| birth_date = {{circa|22 May 1772}}
| birth_place = [[Radhanagore|Radhanagar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Company Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1833|09|27|1772|05|22}}
| death_place = [[Stapleton, Bristol]], England
| other_names = Herald of New Age, Father of Indian Renaissance
| known_for = [[Bengal Renaissance]], [[Brahmo Samaj#Brahmo Sabha|Brahmo Sabha]]<br />(social, political reforms)
| occupation = Social and religious reformer; Brahmin prince, author
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| signature = Ram Mohan Roy Signature.svg
}}

[[Raja]] '''Ram Mohan Roy''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|list=[[Fellows of The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|FRAS]]}} (22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was an Indian reformer who was one of the founders of the [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmo Sabha]] in 1828, the precursor of the [[Brahmo Samaj]], a social-religious [[social reform|reform]] movement in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. He was given the title of '''Raja''' by [[Akbar II]], the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of [[politics]], [[public administration]], [[education reform|education]] and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of [[Sati (practice)|sati]] and [[Child marriage in India|child marriage]].<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Soman |first1=Priya |title=Raja Ram Mohan and the Abolition of Sati System in India |journal=International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS) |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=75–82 |url=https://airccse.com/ijhas/papers/1216ijhas08.pdf |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712163313/http://airccse.com/ijhas/papers/1216ijhas08.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Roy is considered to be the "Father of Indian Renaissance" by many historians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/raja-ram-mohan-roy-google-doodle-remembers-the-father-of-indian-renaissance-5186085/|title=Raja Ram Mohan Roy: Google doodle remembers the father of 'Indian Renaissance'|website=Indian Express|access-date=24 June 2018|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815230635/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/raja-ram-mohan-roy-google-doodle-remembers-the-father-of-indian-renaissance-5186085/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2004, Roy was ranked number 10 in BBC's poll of the [[Greatest Bengali of all time|Greatest Bengali of All Time]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm|title=Listeners name 'greatest Bengali'|access-date=21 April 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011709/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2018|title= International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'|author=Habib, Haroon |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm|title=BBC Listeners' Poll Bangabandhu judged greatest Bengali of all time'|work=The Daily Star|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life and education (1772-1796)==
Ram Mohan Roy was born in [[Radhanagore|Radhanagar]], [[Hooghly District]], [[Bengal Presidency]]. His great grandfather Krishnakanta Bandyopadhyay was a Rarhi [[Kulin Brahmin|Kulin]] (noble) [[Brahmin]]. Among Kulin Brahmins{{Snd}} descendants of the six families of Brahmins imported from [[Kannauj]] by [[Ballal Sen]] in the 12th century{{Snd}}those from the Rarhi district of West Bengal were notorious in the 19th century for living off dowries by marrying several women. [[Kulinism]] was a synonym for polygamy and the dowry system, both of which Rammohan campaigned against.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Concise History of Indian Literature in English|last=Mehrotra|first=Arvind|publisher=permanent black|year=2008|isbn=978-8178243023|location=Ranikhet|pages=1}}</ref> His father, Ramkanta, was a [[Vaishnavite]], while his mother, Tarini Devi, was from a [[Shaivite]] family. He was a great scholar of Sanskrit, Persian and English languages and also knew Arabic, Latin and Greek. One parent prepared him for the occupation of a scholar, the ''Shastri'', while the other secured for him all the worldly advantages needed to launch a career in the ''laukik'' or worldly sphere of public administration.{{citation needed}} Torn between these two parental ideals from early childhood, Ram Mohan vacillated between the two for the rest of his life.<ref name="Sharma">Sharma, H. D. (2002). ''Raja Ram Mohan Roy: The Renaissance Man''. Rupa & Co. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-8171679997}}.</ref>

During his childhood Ram Mohan Roy witnessed death of his sister in law through [[Sati (practice)|sati]]. The seventeen year old girl was dragged towards the pyre where Ram Mohan Roy witnessed her terrified state. He tried to protest but to no avail. She was burned alive. The people chanted "Maha Sati! Maha Sati! Maha Sati!" (great wife) over her painful screams. <ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Ram Mohan Roy |url=https://madrascourier.com/insight/when-widows-were-burnt-alive-in-india |publisher=Madras Courier}}</ref>

Ram Mohan Roy was married three times. His first wife died early. He had two sons, Radhaprasad in 1800, and Ramaprasad in 1812 with his second wife, who died in 1824. Roy's third wife outlived him.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Ram Mohan Roy |url=https://www.culturalindia.net/reformers/raja-ram-mohan-roy.html |publisher=Cultural India |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825180138/https://www.culturalindia.net/reformers/raja-ram-mohan-roy.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The nature and content of Ram Mohan Roy's early education is disputed. One view is that Ram Mohan started his formal education in the village ''[[pathshala]]'' where he learned [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and some [[Sanskrit]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. Later he is said to have studied [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Arabic]] in a ''[[madrasa]]'' in [[Patna]] and after that he was sent to [[Benares]] to learn the intricacies of [[Sanskrit]] and [[Hindu]] scripture, including the [[Vedas]] and [[Upanishads]]. The dates of his time in both these places are uncertain. However, it is believed that he was sent to [[Patna]] when he was nine years old and two years later he went to [[Benares]].<ref name="Sharma" />

Ram Mohan Roy's impact on modern Indian history was his revival of the pure and ethical principles of the Vedanta school of philosophy as found in the Upanishads. He preached the unity of God, made early translations of Vedic scriptures into English, co-founded the Calcutta [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] Society and founded the [[Brahma Samaj]]. The Brahma Samaj played a major role in reforming and modernizing the Indian society. He successfully campaigned against [[Sati (practice)|sati]], the practice of burning widows. He sought to integrate Western culture with the best features of his own country's traditions. He established a number of schools to popularize a modern system of education in India. He promoted a rational, ethical, non-authoritarian, this-worldly, and social-reform Hinduism. His writings also sparked interest among British and American Unitarians.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hodder |first1=Alan D. |title=Emerson, Rammohan Roy, and the Unitarians |journal=Studies in the American Renaissance |pages=133–148 |jstor=30227561 }}</ref>

== Christianity and the early rule of the East India Company (1795–1828)==
During early rule of the [[Honourable East India Company|East India Company]], Ram Mohan Roy acted as a political agitator while employed by the company.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ram Mohan Roy: The Father of the Indian Renaissance |url=http://www.youngbites.com/newsdet.aspx?q=206336 |publisher=Young Bites |author=Singh, Kulbir |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124022629/http://www.youngbites.com/newsdet.aspx?q=206336 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1792, the British [[Baptist]] shoemaker [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] published his influential missionary tract, ''An Enquiry of the obligations of Christians to use means for the conversion of heathens''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/enquiry/enquiry.html|title=An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathens|website=www.wmcarey.edu|access-date=2 October 2017}}</ref>

In 1793, William Carey landed in India to settle. His objective was to translate, publish and distribute the Bible in Indian languages and propagate Christianity to the Indian peoples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wmcarey.edu/|title=Home – William Carey University|website=www.wmcarey.edu|access-date=2 October 2017|archive-date=29 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929143822/http://www.wmcarey.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref> He realised the "mobile" (i.e. service classes) [[Brahmins]] and [[Pandits]] were most able to help him in this endeavour, and he began gathering them. He learnt the Buddhist and Jain religious works to better argue the case for Christianity in a cultural context.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reed |first1=Ian Brooks |title=Rammohan Roy and the Unitarians |url=http://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:253129/datastream/PDF/view |publisher=Master Thesis, Florida State University |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143304/http://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:253129/datastream/PDF/view |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1795, Carey made contact with a Sanskrit scholar, the Tantric Saihardana Vidyavagish,<ref>''Kaumudi Patrika'' 12 December 1912</ref> who later introduced him to Ram Mohan Roy, who wished to learn English.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Samuel |first=Dibin |title=Wiliam Carey played significant role in abolishing Sati system |url=https://www.christiantoday.co.in/news/wiliam-carey-played-significant-role-in-abolishing-sati-system.html |access-date=25 October 2022 |website=www.christiantoday.co.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Raja Ram Mohan Roy - GKToday |url=https://www.gktoday.in/topic/raja-ram-mohan-roy/ |access-date=25 October 2022 |website=www.gktoday.in}}</ref>

Between 1796 and 1797, the trio of Carey, Vidyavagish, and Roy created a religious work known as the "Maha Nirvana Tantra" (or "Book of the Great Liberation")<ref>{{cite book|author=Derrett, John Duncan Martin |title=Essays in Classical and Modern Hindu Law: consequences of the intellectual exchange with the foreign powers|url=https://archive.org/details/essaysinclassica0001derr|url-access=registration |year=1977|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-04808-9}}</ref> and positioned it as a religious text to "the One True God". Carey's involvement is not recorded in his very detailed records and he reports only learning to read [[Sanskrit]] in 1796 and only completed a grammar in 1797, the same year he translated part of The Bible (from Joshua to Job), a massive task.<ref>{{cite book|access-date=8 December 2008|chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/carey/04chapter.html|title=The Life of William Carey (1761–1834)|author=Smith, George|year=1885|page=71|chapter=Ch. 4|archive-date=27 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627112602/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/carey/04chapter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the next two decades this document was regularly augmented.<ref name=himalaya>{{cite web|last1=Syed|first1=M. H.|title=Raja Rammohan Roy|url=http://www.himpub.com/documents/Chapter107.pdf|publisher=Himalaya Publishing House|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208104241/http://www.himpub.com/documents/Chapter107.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Its judicial sections were used in the law courts of the English Settlement in Bengal as Hindu Law for adjudicating upon property disputes of the zamindari. However, a few British magistrates and collectors began to suspect and its usage (as well as the reliance on [[pandit]]s as sources of Hindu Law) was quickly deprecated. Vidyavagish had a brief falling out with Carey and separated from the group, but maintained ties to Ram Mohan Roy.<ref>Preface to "Fallacy of the New Dispensation" by Sivanath Sastri, 1895</ref>

In 1797, Raja Ram Mohan reached Calcutta and became a "[[bania (caste)|bania]]" (moneylender), mainly to lend to the Englishmen of the Company living beyond their means. Ram Mohan also continued his vocation as [[pandit]] in the English courts and started to make a living for himself. He began learning Greek and Latin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Patel |first1=Tanvi |title=Google Honours 'Maker Of Modern India': Remembering Raja Ram Mohan Roy |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/142457/raja-ram-mohan-roy/ |publisher=The Better India |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825143412/https://www.thebetterindia.com/142457/raja-ram-mohan-roy/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1799, Carey was joined by missionary [[Joshua Marshman]] and the printer William Ward at the Danish settlement of [[Serampore]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Joshua Marshman, D.D. |url=https://www.wmcarey.edu/carey/marshman/ |publisher=William Carey University |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref>

From 1803 until 1815, Ram Mohan served the East India Company's "Writing Service", commencing as private clerk "Munshi" to Thomas Woodroffe, Registrar of the Appellate Court at Murshidabad (whose distant nephew, [[John Woodroffe]]—also a magistrate—and later lived off the Maha Nirvana Tantra under the pseudonym [[Arthur Avalon]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=Avalon, Arthur|title=Mahanirvana Tantra Of The Great Liberation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZRGodG_PJkC|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|isbn=978-1-4191-3207-0|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-date=13 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613135254/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZRGodG_PJkC|url-status=live}}</ref> Roy resigned from Woodroffe's service and later secured employment with John Digby, a Company collector, and Ram Mohan spent many years at Rangpur and elsewhere with Digby, where he renewed his contacts with Hariharananda. [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] had by this time settled at Serampore and the old trio renewed their profitable association. [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] was also aligned now with the English Company, then head-quartered at Fort William, and his religious and political ambitions were increasingly intertwined.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=George|title=Life of William Carey|url=http://www.ccel.org/s/smith_geo/carey/carey.htm|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070059/http://www.ccel.org/s/smith_geo/carey/carey.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

While in Murshidabad, in 1804 Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote ''Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin'' (A Gift to Monotheists) in Persian with an introduction in Arabic. Bengali had not yet become the language of intellectual discourse. The importance of ''Tuhfatul Muwahhidin'' lies only in its being the first known theological statement of one who achieved later fame and notoriety as a vendantin. On its own, it is unremarkable, perhaps of interest only to a social historian because of its amateurish eclecticism. ''Tuhfat'' was, after all, available as early as 1884 in the English translation of Maulavi Obaidullah EI Obaid, published by the Adi Brahmo Samaj. Raja Ram Mohan Roy did not know the Upanishad at this stage in his intellectual development.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robertson Bruce C.|page=25|title=Raja Rammohan Ray: the father of modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TI-AAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-19-563417-4|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227124206/https://books.google.com/books?id=2TI-AAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Crawford, S. Cromwell|page=11|title=Ram Mohan Roy, his era and ethics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYdaAQAACAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Arnold-Heinemann|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216062944/https://books.google.com/books?id=oYdaAQAACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1814, he started [[Atmiya Sabha]] (i.e. society of friends) a philosophical discussion circle in [[Kolkata]] (then Calcutta) to propagate the monotheistic ideals of the vedanta and to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahir |first=Rajiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBziwQEACAAJ&q=a+brief+history+of+modern+india |title=A Brief History of Modern India |publisher=Spectrum Books (P) Limited |isbn=978-81-7930-688-8 |pages=210 |language=en |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430144833/https://books.google.com/books?id=HBziwQEACAAJ&q=a+brief+history+of+modern+india |url-status=live }}</ref>

The East India Company was draining money from India at a rate of three million pounds a year by 1838.{{Citation needed}} Ram Mohan Roy was one of the first to try to estimate how much money was being taken out of India and to where it was disappearing. He estimated that around one-half of all total revenue collected in India was sent out to England, leaving India, with a considerably larger population, to use the remaining money to maintain social well-being.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=3517499|doi=10.2307/3517499|title=Some Aspects of the Economic Drain from India during the British Rule|journal=Social Scientist|volume=15|issue=3|pages=39–47|last1=Roy|first1=Rama Dev|year=1987}}</ref> Ram Mohan Roy saw this and believed that the unrestricted settlement of Europeans in India governing under free trade would help ease the economic drain crisis.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=3516354|doi=10.2307/3516354|title=Indigo Planters, Ram Mohan Roy and the 1833 Charter Act|journal=Social Scientist|volume=4|issue=3|pages=56–65|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Subbhas|year=1975}}</ref>

During the next two decades, Ram Mohan along with William Carey, launched his attack at the behest of the church against the bastions of Hinduism of Bengal, namely his own [[Kulin Brahmin]] priestly clan (then in control of the many temples of Bengal) and their priestly excesses.<ref name=himalaya/> The Kulin excesses targeted include [[sati (practice)|sati]] (the co-cremation of widows), polygamy, child marriage, and dowry.<ref name=":0" />

From 1819, Ram Mohan's battery increasingly turned against William Carey, a Baptist Missionary settled in Serampore, and the Serampore missionaries. With Dwarkanath's munificence, he launched a series of attacks against Baptist "[[Trinitarian]]" Christianity and was now considerably assisted in his theological debates by the [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] faction of Christianity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Das |first1=Pijush Kanti |title=Rammohun Roy and Brahmoism |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/165007/8/08_chapter%205.pdf |publisher=University of Calcutta|work=Religious movement in mediaeval and modern India a critical study in Sikhism Brahmoism and the cult of Ramakrishna|pages=200–208|chapter=Ch. I}}</ref>

In 1828, he launched Brahmo Sabha with Devendranath Tagore. By 1828, he had become a well known figure in India. In 1830, he had gone to England as an envoy of the Mughal Emperor, Akbar Shah II, who invested him with the title of Raja to the court of King William IV.<ref name=":1" />

==Middle "Brahmo" period (1820–1830)==
This was Ram Mohan's most controversial period. Commenting on his published works [[Sivanath Sastri]] writes:<ref>Sastri, Sivanath (1911) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.151398 ''History of the Brahmo Samaj'']. pp. 44–46</ref>

"The period between 1820 and 1830 was also eventful from a literary point of view, as will be manifest from the following list of his publications during that period:

:* Second Appeal to the Christian Public, ''Brahmanical Magazine'' – Parts I, II and III, with Bengali translation and a new Bengali newspaper called Samvad Kaumudi in 1821;
:* A Persian paper called ''[[Mirat-ul-Akbar]]'' contained a tract entitled Brief Remarks on Ancient Female Rights and a book in Bengali called Answers to Four Questions in 1822;
:* Third and final appeal to the Christian public, a memorial to the King of England on the subject of the liberty of the press, Ramdoss papers relating to Christian controversy, ''[[Brahmanical Magazine]]'', No. IV, letter to Lord Arnherst on the subject of English education, a tract called "Humble Suggestions" and a book in Bengali called "Pathyapradan or Medicine for the Sick," all in 1823;
:* A letter to Rev. H. Ware on the "Prospects of Christianity in India" and an "Appeal for famine-smitten natives in Southern India" in 1824;
:* A tract on the different modes of worship, in 1825;
:* A Bengali tract on the qualifications of a God-loving householder, a tract in Bengali on a controversy with a Kayastha, and a Grammar of the Bengali language in English, in 1826;
:* A Sanskrit tract on "Divine worship by Gayatri" with an English translation of the same, the edition of a Sanskrit treatise against caste, and the previously noticed tract called "Answer of a Hindu to the question &c.," in 1827;
:* A form of Divine worship and a collection of hymns composed by him and his friends, in 1828;
:* "Religious Instructions founded on Sacred Authorities" in English and Sanskrit, a Bengali tract called "Anusthan", and a petition against sati, in 1829;

He publicly declared that he would emigrate from the British Empire if Parliament failed to pass the Reform Bill.

In 1830, Ram Mohan Roy travelled to the United Kingdom as an ambassador of the [[Mughal Empire]] to ensure that Lord William Bentinck's [[Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829]] banning the practice of Sati was not overturned. In addition, Roy petitioned the King to increase the Mughal Emperor's allowance and perquisites. He was successful in persuading the British government to increase the stipend of the Mughal Emperor by £30,000. He also visited France. While in England, he embarked on cultural exchanges, meeting with members of Parliament and publishing books on Indian economics and law. [[Sophia Dobson Collet]] was his biographer at the time.

==Religious reforms==
[[File:Ram Mohan Roy 1964 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Ram Mohan Roy on a 1964 stamp of India]]

The religious reforms of Roy contained in some beliefs of the [[Brahmo Samaj]] expounded by [[Rajnarayan Basu]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://brahmo.org/brahmo-samaj.html |title=Brahmo Samaj |access-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229062103/http://brahmo.org/brahmo-samaj.html |archive-date=29 December 2010 |url-status=dead |publisher =WORLD BRAHMO COUNCIL}}</ref> are:

* Brahmo Samaj believe that the most fundamental doctrines of [[Brahmoism]] are at the basis of every religion followed by a man.
* Brahmo Samaj believe in the existence of One Supreme God—"a God, endowed with a distinct personality & moral attributes equal to His nature, and intelligence befitting the Author and Preserver of the Universe," and worship Him alone.
* Brahmo Samaj believe that worship of Him needs no fixed place or time. "We can adore Him at any time and at any place, provided that time and that place are calculated to compose and direct the mind towards Him."

Having studied the [[Quran|Qur’an]], the [[Vedas]] and the [[Upanishads]], Roy's beliefs were derived from a combination of monastic elements of [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]], eighteenth-century [[Deism]], [[Unitarianism]], and the ideas of the [[Freemasonry|Freemasons]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=On Hinduism|last=Doniger, Wendy.|isbn=9780199360079|location=Oxford|oclc=858660095|date = March 2014}}</ref>

===Social reforms===
Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha and the Unitarian Community to fight the social evils, and to propagate social and educational reforms in India. He was the man who [[Fought's Mill|fought]] against superstitions, a pioneer in Indian education, and a trend setter in Bengali Prose and Indian press.

* Crusaded against Hindu customs such as sati, polygamy, child marriage and the caste system.
* Demanded [[Property law|property]] [[Inheritance (object-oriented programming)|inheritance]] rights for women.
* In 1828, he set up the ''Brahmo Sabha'', a movement of reformist Bengali Brahmins to fight against social evils.

Roy's political background and Devandra's Christian influence influenced his social and religious views regarding reforms of Hinduism. He writes,

<blockquote>The present system of Hindus is not well calculated to promote their political interests…. It is necessary that some change should take place in their religion, at least for the sake of their political advantage and social comfort.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=3510669|doi=10.2307/3510669|title=Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, and the Church-Sect Typology|journal=Review of Religious Research|volume=10|issue=1|pages=23–32|last1=Bhatt|first1=Gauri Shankar|year=1968}}</ref></blockquote>

Roy's experience working with the British government taught him that Hindu traditions were often not credible or respected by western standards and this no doubt affected his religious reforms. He wanted to legitimise Hindu traditions to his European acquaintances by proving that "superstitious practices which deform the Hindu religion have nothing to do with the pure spirit of its dictates!"<ref>Ram Mohan Roy, Translation of Several Principal Book, Passages, and Text of the Vedas and of Some Controversial works on Brahmunical Theology. London: Parbury, Allen & Company, 1823, p. 4.</ref> The "superstitious practices", to which Ram Mohan Roy objected, included sati, caste rigidity, polygamy and child marriages.<ref>Bandyopadyay, Brahendra N. (1933) ''Rommohan Roy''. London: University Press, p. 351.</ref> These practices were often the reasons British officials claimed moral superiority over the Indian nation. Ram Mohan Roy's ideas of religion actively sought to create a fair and just society by implementing humanitarian practices similar to the Christian ideals professed by the British and thus seeking to legitimise Hinduism in the eyes of the Christian world.

===Educationist===
* Roy believed education to be an implement for social reform.
* In 1817, in collaboration with David Hare, he set up the [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Hindu College]] at Calcutta.
* In 1822, Roy found the ''Anglo-Hindu school'', followed four years later (1826) by the ''Vedanta College''; where he insisted that his teachings of monotheistic doctrines be incorporated with "modern, western curriculum."<ref>[http://britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/511196/Ram-Mohan-Roy?view=print "Ram Mohan Roy."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817155859/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ram-Mohan-Roy?view=print }}. Encycpaedia Britannica.</ref>
* In 1830, he helped [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Rev. Alexander Duff]] in establishing the General Assembly's Institution (now known as [[Scottish Church College]]), by providing him with the venue vacated by ''Brahma Sabha'' and getting the first batch of students.
* He supported induction of western learning into Indian education.
* He also set up the ''Vedanta College'', offering courses as a synthesis of Western and Indian learning.
* His most popular journal was the ''[[Sambad Kaumudi]]''. It covered topics like freedom of the press, induction of Indians into high ranks of service, and separation of the executive and judiciary.
* When the English East India Company muzzled the press, Ram Mohan composed two memorials against this in 1829 and 1830 respectively.

==Death==
He died at [[Stapleton, Bristol|Stapleton]], then a village to the northeast of [[Bristol]] (now a suburb), on 27 September 1833 of [[meningitis]] or a chronic respiratory ailment.<ref name="Robertson2003">{{cite book |author1-last=Robertson |author1-first=B.C. |editor1-last=Mehrotra |editor1-first=A.K. |title=A history of Indian literature in English |publisher=Hurst & Co. |location=London |isbn=1-85065-680-0 |pages=27–40 |chapter=The English writings of Raja Rammohan Ray}}</ref>

==Mausoleum at Arnos Vale==
[[File: Epitaph of Raja Rammohun Roy in Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol, England.jpg|thumb|Epitaph for Ram Mohan Roy on his Mausoleum]]
[[File: Tomb of Raja Rammohun Roy in Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol, England.jpg|thumb|right|Mausoleum of Ram Mohan Roy in [[Arno's Vale Cemetery]], [[Bristol]], England]]
Ram Mohan Roy was originally buried on 18 October 1833, in the grounds of Stapleton Grove, where he had lived as an ambassador of the Mughal Empire and died of [[meningitis]] on 27 September 1833.<ref name="HE">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/services-skills/education/educational-images/beech-house-stapleton-grove-bell-hill-5665|title=Beech House, Stapleton Grove, Bell Hill, Bristol|publisher=Historic England}}</ref> Nine years later he was reburied on 29 May 1843 in a grave at the new [[Arnos Vale Cemetery]], in Brislington, East Bristol. A large plot on The Ceremonial Way there had been bought by William Carr and William Prinsep, and the body in its lac and a lead coffin was placed later in a deep brick-built vault, over seven feet underground. Two years after this, [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] helped pay for the [[chhatri]] raised above this vault, although there is no record of his ever visiting Bristol. The chhatri was designed by the artist William Prinsep, who had known Ram Mohan in [[Calcutta]].{{Citation needed|date = December 2018}}

Bristol Arnos Vale cemetery have been holding remembrance services for Raja Ram Mohan Roy every year on a Sunday close to his death anniversary date of 27 September.<ref name="The Brahmo Samaj">{{cite web|url=http://www.thebrahmosamaj.net/articles/tombinauguration.html|title=The Brahmo Samaj|website=www.thebrahmosamaj.net|access-date=2 October 2017|archive-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030030136/http://www.thebrahmosamaj.net/articles/tombinauguration.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Indian High Commission at London often come to Raja's annual commemoration and Bristol's Lord Mayor is also regularly in attendance. The commemoration is a joint Brahmo-Unitarian service, in which, prayers and hymns are sung, flowers laid at the tomb, and the life of the Raja is celebrated via talks and visual presentations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arnosvale.org.uk/friends-of-arnos-vale-history/662-raja-rammohun-roy|title=Celebration at Arnos Vale|access-date=2 October 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206222214/http://www.arnosvale.org.uk/friends-of-arnos-vale-history/662-raja-rammohun-roy|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> In 2013, a recently discovered ivory bust of Ram Mohan was displayed.<ref name="The Brahmo Samaj"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebrahmosamaj.net/articles/ivorybust.html|title=The Brahmo Samaj|website=www.thebrahmosamaj.net|access-date=2 October 2017|archive-date=31 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831093019/http://www.thebrahmosamaj.net/articles/ivorybust.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, his original [[death mask]] at Edinburgh was filmed and its history was discussed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMdqmloNKCA| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/zMdqmloNKCA| archive-date=30 October 2021|title=Bristol Remembers Rammohun Roy|last=Suman Ghosh|access-date=2 October 2017|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2017, Raja's commemoration was held on 24 September.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishsouthindians.co.uk/tributes-paid-to-the-great-indian-social-reformer-raja-ram-mohan-roy-in-bristol/|title= Tributes paid to the great Indian social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Bristol|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Ram Mohan Roy 49 Bedford Square blue plaque.jpg|thumb|[[Blue Plaque]] issued by the [[Greater London Council]] on the wall of house at the 49 Bedford Square, where Roy lived during his days in the UK.]]
Roy's commitment to English education and thought sparked debate between [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Rabindranath Tagore]].<ref name ="Choudhuri">{{cite journal| last=Choudhuri |first=Indra Nath |title=Tagore and Gandhi: Their Intellectual Conflict and Companionship |journal=Indian Literature |volume=59 |number=2 |year=2015 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44478532 |pages=146–157|jstor=44478532 }}</ref> Gandhi, objecting to Roy's devotion to English education and thought and disallowing independent thinking by being overly supportive of the Western philosophical discourses.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sociopolitical Thought of Rabindranath Tagore|page=354|publisher=SAGE|year=2020|isbn=9789353885007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wA0IEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA354}}</ref> Tagore wrote a letter rejecting Gandhi's view, saying "[Roy] had the full inheritance of Indian wisdom. He was never a school boy of the West, and therefore had the dignity to be a friend of the West."<ref name ="Choudhuri"/>

In 1983, a full-scale Exhibition on Ram Mohan Roy was held in Bristol's Museum and Art Gallery. His enormous 1831 portrait by [[Henry Perronet Briggs]] still hangs there and was the subject of a talk by [[Max Muller]] in 1873. At Bristol's centre, on College Green, is a full-size bronze statue of the Raja by the modern [[Kolkata]] sculptor Niranjan Pradhan. Another bust by Pradhan, gifted to Bristol by Jyoti Basu, sits inside the main foyer of Bristol's City Hall.{{Citation needed|date = December 2018}}

A pedestrian path at Stapleton has been named "Rajah Rammohun Walk". There is a 1933 Brahmo plaque on the outside west wall of Stapleton Grove, and his first burial place in the garden is marked by railings and a granite memorial stone. His tomb and chhatri at Arnos Vale are listed as a Grade II* historic site by [[English Heritage]] and attract many visitors today.{{Citation needed|date = December 2018}}

==In popular culture==
A 1965 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language film ''Raja Rammohan'' about Roy's reforms, directed by Bijoy Bose and starring [[Basanta Chowdhury]] in the titular role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Rammohan |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Raja-Rammohan/0LTSDVCDTZF3KJ1TUHPLCQYA9C |website=[[Amazon Prime Video]] |language=en |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817155856/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Raja-Rammohan/0LTSDVCDTZF3KJ1TUHPLCQYA9C |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1988 Doordarshan Serial [[Bharat Ek Khoj]] produced and directed by [[Shyam Benegal]] also Picturised a Full One Episode on [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]]. The titular role was played by Noted TV actor [[Anang Desai]] with [[Urmila Bhatt]], [[Tom Alter]] and [[Ravi Jhankal]] as Supporting Cast.

==See also==
* [[Adi Dharm]]
* [[Brahmo]]
* [[Brahmoism]]
* [[British India Society]]
* [[Hindu School, Kolkata]]
* [[Presidency College, Kolkata]]
* [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikisource author|wslink=Rammohun Roy|title=Ram Mohan Roy }}
* {{Internet Archive author}}

{{Hindu reform movements}}
{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{Indian Independence Movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Ram Mohan}}
[[Category:1772 births]]
[[Category:1833 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Anti-caste activists]]
[[Category:Bengal Renaissance]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Brahmins who fought against discrimination]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Deaths from meningitis]]
[[Category:Bengali nationalists]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian reformers]]
[[Category:Infectious disease deaths in England]]
[[Category:Neo-Vedanta]]
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in England]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Unitarian Universalists]]

Sant Fateh Singh

2022-02-18T02:26:04Z

Numbsoul02: redir

#REDIRECT[[Fateh Singh (Sikh leader)]]