Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Middle Class Melodies

2026-05-07T07:34:20Z

Notthetag:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Middle Class Melodies
| image = Middle Class Melodies.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| director = Vinod Anantoju
| producer = V. Anand Prasad
| screenplay = Janardhan Pasumarthi Vinod Anantoju
| story = Janardhan Pasumarthi
| based_on =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Anand Deverakonda]]
* [[Varsha Bollamma]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = RH Vikram
| cinematography = Sunny Kurapati
| editing = Ravi Teja Girijala
| studio = [[Bhavya Creations]]
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2020|11|20}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Middle Class Melodies''''' is a 2020 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama film]] directed by debutante Vinod Anantoju, who wrote it with Janardhan Pasumarthi. The film stars [[Anand Deverakonda]] and [[Varsha Bollamma]] while Chaitanya Garikipati, [[Divya Sripada]], [[Goparaju Ramana]], Surabhi Prabhavati and Prem Sagar play supporting roles. The film was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 20 November 2020 to positive reviews from critics and audience.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Janani K.|date=20 November 2020|title=Vijay Deverakonda had this to say about brother Anand's Middle Class Melodies|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-deverakonda-had-this-to-say-about-brother-anand-s-middle-class-melodies-1742641-2020-11-20|access-date=2020-12-12|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> It also won the state Gaddar Award for Third Best Feature Film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/gaddar-telangana-film-awards-adivi-sesh-thanks-telangana-government-for-honouring-major-expresses-gratitude-to-mahesh-babu-article-151755732|title=Gaddar Telangana Film Awards: Adivi Sesh Thanks Telangana Government For Honouring Major, Expresses Gratitude To Mahesh Babu|date=May 30, 2025|website=Times Now}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Raghava runs a breakfast center in his village along with his father, Kondal Rao. Raghava, who believes in his ability to make the famed Bombay chutney, dreams of starting a hotel and making it big in the nearby city, [[Guntur]]. But Kondal Rao is against any such idea. Nevertheless, Raghava, with his friend Gopal, secretly begins to search for a place suitable for his hotel. His uncle Nageswara Rao offers him a shed for lease, but Raghava politely rejects the offer, owing to his complicated relationship with Nageshwara Rao's daughter Sandhya The shed is located away from the city center and falls behind a giant tree, but given the limited sources he has, Raghava later accepts the offer. Kondal Rao reluctantly agrees to fund with the money from his [[chit fund]].

Meanwhile, the chit fund runner defaults on his payment, and Raghava's plans go down the drain. After a hustle-and-bustle, Kondal Rao decides to sell his land off to pay for the shed. Nageshwara Rao, who gets to know that the land's value would soon increase multi-fold, sees an opportunity to exchange the land for his shed at a low price. Unaware of the asset's real value, Kondal Rao proceeds with Nageshwara Rao's offer.Upon knowing that they were tricked, Kondal Rao becomes furious with Raghava

Meanwhile, Gopal, an astrology believer who runs a mobile shop in his hometown, he loves a girl called Gouthami who works in a mobile shop in Guntur. Soon, Gouthami responds positively with his advances, but after checking her horoscope, it didn't match with his. Then Gopal leaves the proceedings abruptly, which makes Gouthami disappointed.

Raghava opens his hotel in the shed but starts off with heavy losses. Raghav and Sandhya begin to spend time with each other by clearing their misunderstanding and kickstart their relationship again. Sandhya gets a [[Matchmaking|match]] from an Assistant Engineer (AE) who works in Nageshwara Rao's office, thanks to now-increased land value Kondal Rao, who learns about his son's relation with Sandhya, asks Nageshwara Rao to marry them, but Nageshwara Rao favours the AE instead. Soon after, the land's value decreased again, and the AE's family calls off the match. Nageshwara Rao, with no option left, agrees on Raghava and Sandhya's marriage, but Raghava challenges that he won't marry until the hotel becomes profitable.

Meanwhile, the chit fund organizer, who is also the president of his hometown, commits suicide which is saddened by all the people. This incident makes Gopal realize his mistake and comes to apologize. Gouthami proposes her marriage, though she shows her anguish at her first, and she accepts his proposal and invites him to talk with her parents.

Meanwhile, Raghava realized that he had overestimated himself. Then Raghava begins to address the hotel's issues. He cleans up the dump yard behind his hotel, who had been made by them earlier and tactically clears the issue permanently. Then, he creates his own Bombay chutney's recipe with a new formula. Slowly, his business starts to pick up. Meanwhile, the AE, who is now adamant about marrying Sandhya, tells Nageshwara Rao that he is ready for the match. On their way to Nageshwara Rao's house, the AE's family boards the [[Auto rickshaw|auto]] whose driver intends to marry Gouthami. He accidentally runs into Gopal and hits him. Gopal calls Raghava to take on the auto driver. During the confrontation with the auto driver, Raghava slaps the AE as he tries to stop the fight. Sandhya arrives and controls Raghava, thinking that Raghava confronts AE and the AE realizes that he can no longer marry her.

Raghava and Sandhya arrive at the Nageshwara Rao's house, and they convince him, and later they get married. Later, Raghava comes for the marriage proceedings of Gopal and Gouthami to talk with her father, a drunkard, then comically, they make him accept for the marriage.

Nageshwara Rao transfers the land to Sandhya, and its value is increased yet again. Finally, the film ends with a hotel with a similar name opened to compete against Raghava's now popular hotel, and he is seen confronting it.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Anand Deverakonda]] as Raghava
* [[Varsha Bollamma]] as Sandhya
* Chaitanya Garikipati as Gopal
* [[Divya Sripada]] as Gauthami
* [[Goparaju Ramana]] as Kondalrao
* Surabhi Prabhavati as Lakshmi
* Prem Sagar as Nageswara Rao
* Prabhavati Varma as Kamala
* Deshi as Seenu
* Katta Anthony as Anjaih
* Mahipal as Auto Driver
* Chanakya Tejas as Surendra
* [[Tharun Bhascker]] as AE (cameo appearance)
* Vinod Anantoju as a man in Guntur (cameo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
In August 2019, Anand Deverakonda announced his second film post the release of ''[[Dorasaani]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=After Dorasani, Anand Deverakonda gearing up for his second film - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/after-dorasani-anand-deverakonda-gearing-up-for-his-second-film/articleshow/70645661.cms|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> It was reported to be helmed by newcomer Vinod Anantoju and produced by [[Bhavya Creations]],<ref name=":0" /> and [[Varsha Bollamma]] was announced as the female lead.<ref name="T2">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/anand-deverakonda-and-varsha-bollamma-team-up-for-middle-class-melodies/articleshow/76895599.cms|title=Anand Deverakonda and Varsha Bollamma team up for Middle Class Melodies - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> The film's shooting reportedly kickstarted in September 2019. Anand was reported to play a middle-class guy, who is at a crossroads in life, and as the character in film organises a breakfast center, he also learnt cooking for the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/120720/anand-deverakonda-goes-the-extra-mile.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713020914/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/120720/anand-deverakonda-goes-the-extra-mile.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2020|title=Anand Deverakonda goes the extra mile|first=Sashidhar|last=Adivi|date=July 12, 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> The film was predominantly shot in [[Guntur]] and [[Kolakaluru]], and as per the setting all of the characters speak in the Guntur dialect for the film.<ref name="T1">{{Cite news|title=Anand Deverakonda shares Varsha Bollamma's first-look as Sandhya from Middle Class Melodies - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/anand-deverakonda-shares-varsha-bollammas-first-look-as-sandhya-from-middle-class-melodies/articleshow/77258657.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/anand-picks-up-guntur-slang-to-play-a-middle-class-andhra-abbayi-next/articleshow/71539462.cms|title=Anand picks up Guntur slang to play a middle class Andhra abbayi next - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Nayak |first1=Elina Priyadarshini }}</ref> The shooting and post-production works of the film were completed before the COVID-19 lockdown was announced in March 2020.<ref name="T2" /> The film's title ''Middle Class Melodies'' was announced in July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/jul/10/anand-deverakondas-next-titled-middle-class-melodies-19290.html|title=Anand Deverakonda's next titled Middle Class Melodies|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=10 July 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/young-hero-anand-devarakondas-next-titled-as-middle-class-melodies-633018|title=Young Hero Anand Devarakonda's next Titled as Middle Class Melodies|date=July 11, 2020|website=The Hans India}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Middle Class Melodies
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sweekar Agasthi]]
| released = 13 November 2020
| recorded = 2020
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:49
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Sweekar Agasthi
| prev_title = [[C/o Kancharapalem|C/O Kancharapalem]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[C/O Kaadhal]]
| next_year = 2020
}}

The film's soundtrack album is composed by [[Sweekar Agasthi]]<ref name="T2" /> whereas the film score is composed by RH Vikram.<ref name="T1" /> The album features six tracks with lyrics by Kittu Vissapragada, Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu, Palnadu Janapadam and Sai Kiran.<ref name="T3">{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/anand-deverakondas-next-directed-by-vinod-anantoju-titled-as-middle-class-melodies/articleshow/76892507.cms|title=ఆనంద్ దేవరకొండ రెండో సినిమా రెడీ.. ఈసారి గుంటూరు యాసలో!|trans-title=Anand Devarakonda's second movie is ready .. this time in Guntur dialect!|language=te|website=Samayam Telugu}}</ref> The album was released by [[Aditya Music]] on 13 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Middle Class Melodies Full Songs Jukebox {{!}} Anand Devarakonda {{!}} Vinod Ananthoju {{!}} Sweekar Agasthi - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sn8QXw9MJWM|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.youtube.com| date=21 November 2020 }}</ref>{{track listing
| total_length = 21:49
| title2 = Sandhya
| length4 = 2:46
| extra4 = [[Ram Miriyala]]
| lyrics4 = Palnadu Janapadam
| title4 = Sambasiva
| length3 = 4:56
| lyrics3 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| title5 = Manchido Cheddadho
| extra3 = Anurag Kulkarni, Sweekar Agasthi, [[Ramya Behara]]
| length2 = 3:51
| extra2 = [[Sweekar Agasthi]]
| lyrics2 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| length1 = 2:59
| title6 = Vechani Mattilo
| extra1 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]
| lyrics1 = Kittu Vissapragada
| title1 = The Guntur
| title3 = Keelu Gurram
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics5 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| length5 = 4:43
| extra6 = Sweekar Agasthi
| lyrics6 = Sai Kiran
| extra5 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length6 = 2:35
| title10 =
}}

== Release ==
The film was initially scheduled to release in early 2020, but was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].<ref name="T3"/> It was released on Amazon Prime Video on 20 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntvtelugu.com/post/anand-deverakondas-middle-class-melodies-on-amazon-prime|title=Anand Deverakonda's 'Middle Class Melodies' on Amazon Prime|website=NTV Telugu}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Hemanth Kumar of the ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote, "Middle Class Melodies is a heartwarming drama, and it treats its world and characters with a great amount of verve and emotional heft, while never losing its touch with humour." He added that the film makes "plenty of space" for its supporting characters, with a particular praise to Goparaju Ramana who played Kondal Rao.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-20|title=Middle Class Melodies movie review: Anand Devarakonda fits the bill in a tale that's all heft and heart |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/middle-class-melodies-movie-review-anand-devarakonda-fits-the-bill-in-a-tale-thats-all-heft-and-heart-9034551.html|access-date=2020-12-11|website=Firstpost}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref> ''[[The News Minute]]'''s Jahnavi Reddy also echoed the same, "The strong performances of the supporting cast overshadow Varsha and Anand," she wrote, awarding the film 3.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-20|title='Middle Class Melodies' review: A heartfelt comedy brought alive by the supporting cast|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/middle-class-melodies-review-heartfelt-comedy-brought-alive-supporting-cast-138045|access-date=2020-12-12|website=The News Minute|language=en}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of Film Companion South wrote "As much as everyone keeps touting the “big-screen experience”, the biggest boon of OTT platforms may be that they are helping these smaller films find an audience beyond the home state".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/middle-class-melodies-movie-review-amazon-prime-video-with-anand-deverakonda-and-varsha-bollamma-a-charming-slice-of-small-town-life-telugu-movies-baradwaj-rangan/|title=Middle Class Melodies On Amazon Prime Video, With Anand Deverakonda And Varsha Bollamma: A Charming Slice Of Small-Town Life|website=FilmCompanion.|date=25 November 2020}}</ref>

''[[The Hindu]]'' critic Sangeetha Devi Dundoo, opined that "''Middle Class Melodies'' is a heartwarming addition to new-age Telugu cinema."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2020-11-20|title='Middle Class Melodies' movie review: A charming film that rings real|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/middle-class-melodies-movie-review-a-heartwarming-film/article33139014.ece|access-date=2020-12-11|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Haricharan Pudupeddi writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', stated that "The small town milieu is captured beautifully and as authentically as possible. It’s so close to reality that you feel like you’re sitting with the characters and having a close-to-heart conversation."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-20|title=Middle Class Melodies movie review: A charming film about love, dreams and togetherness|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/middle-class-melodies-movie-review-a-charming-film-about-love-dreams-and-togetherness/story-5dQCPA6Mu0FujFXGow8h3N.html|access-date=2020-12-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Manoj Kumar of ''[[The Indian Express]]'', who gave the film 2 out of 5, felt that "Vinod Anantoju could have benefited from fine-tuning moments that define the very nature of the middle class."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-20|title=Middle Class Melodies review: This Anand Devarakonda-starrer hits the wrong note|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/middle-class-melodies-movie-review-anand-devarakonda-7058135/|access-date=2020-12-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref>

==References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|13242960}}
[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:2020 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2020 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:2020 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]

Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T13:07:39Z

Notthetag: Stub...

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Purbasthali Uttar
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Purbasthali Uttar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Purbasthali Uttar Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Gopal Chattopadhyay
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
| constituency_no = 269
| established = 1951
| electors = 188,997
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 269 Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency covers Purbasthali II community development block, Jahannagar and Dogachia gram panchayats of Purbasthali I CD Block, and Bamunpara, Mamudpur II and Putsuri gram panchayats of [[Manteswar (community development block)|Manteswar]] CD Block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2010-08-21 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813092204/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 2011-08-13 }}</ref>

As per orders of Delimitation Commission, Purbasthali Uttar Assembly constituency is part of No. 38 [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="3"|Bimalananda Tarkatirtha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Lalit Mohan Hazra
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|Mollah Humayun Kabir
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Nurunessa Satta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="4"|Manoranjan Nath
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Himansu Dutta
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan="2"|Subrata Bhowal
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Tapan Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Pradip Kumar Saha
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|Tapan Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Gopal Chattopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Purbasthali Uttar<ref name=vidhansabha2026>{{cite web | url = https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S25269.htm | title = Purbasthali Uttar Election Result 2026 | publisher = Election Commission Of India |access-date = 4 May 2026}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Gopal Chattopadhyay|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:111379}}|percentage=49.53|change=+9.16}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Basundhara Goswami|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:81153}}|percentage=36.09|change=-7.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pradip Kumar Saha|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes={{formatnum:25577}}|percentage=11.37|change=-1.88}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Amitava Bhattacharya|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:1742}}|percentage=0.77|change=+0.77}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Baban Ghosh|party=Janata Unnayan Party|votes={{formatnum:1137}}|percentage=0.51|change=+0.51}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sukhchand Ghosh|party=Independent|votes={{formatnum:1261}}|percentage=0.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dipak Ghosh|party=Independent|votes={{formatnum:504}}|percentage=0.22|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Abhijit Das|party=Independent|votes={{formatnum:939}}|percentage=0.42|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:1188}}|percentage=0.53|change=-0.67}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:30226}}|percentage=13.44|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:224880}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link||winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Purbasthali Uttar<ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web | url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/purbasthali-uttar-west-bengal-election-result-2021 | title = Purbasthali Uttar Election Result 2021 | publisher = Times Now News.com |access-date =18 May 2021 }}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Tapan Chatterjee |votes=92,421|percentage=43.52|change=+35.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= Gobardhan Das|votes=85,715|percentage=40.37|change=+397.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Pradip Kumar Saha|votes=28,134|percentage= 13.25|change=-60.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Bahujan Samaj Party||candidate=Kesto Roy |votes=1,907|percentage=0.90|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party= PMPT||candidate=Bibhas Das|votes=1,675|percentage=0.79|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party= Independent||candidate=Samilan Sutradhar|votes=1,141|percentage=0.54|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes= 2,507|percentage=1.2|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 208,951|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal state assembly elections, 2016]]: Purbasthali Uttar<ref name="Purbasthali Uttar">{{cite web| url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25269.htm|title = Purbasthali Uttar |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results| publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=269| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223648/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=269| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Purbasthali Uttar| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2016-05-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Purbasthali Uttar |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-10 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref><ref name=1vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = https://resultuniversity.com/election/purbasthaliuttar-west-bengal-assembly-constituency | title= Purbasthali Uttar| work= 2016 Legislative Assembly Election| publisher = Result University |access-date =18 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=2vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = http://infoelections.com/infoelection/electionresult/index.php/home/state-assembly-constituency/west-bengal-election-result/891-Purbasthali_Uttarassembly_election_result_2016.html | title= Purbasthali Uttar| work= Assembly Election Result 2016 Live| publisher = InfoElections |access-date =18 May 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pradip Kumar Saha
|votes = 71,107
|percentage = 41.00
|change = -3.74#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Tapan Chatterjee
|votes = 68,300
|percentage = 42.63
|change = 2.68#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Swapan Bhattachrya
|votes = 17,222
|percentage = 10.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = People's Democratic Conference of India
|candidate = Amanullah Sekh
|votes = 5,394
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Ashoke Chowdhury
|votes = 2,159
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sanjib Hazra
|votes = 1,957
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 166,806
|percentage = 88.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = +9.42#
}}
{{Election box end}}

.# Swing calculated on Trinamool Congress+Congress vote percentages taken together and CPI(M) vote percentages in 2011, in Purbasthali Uttar constituency.

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[West Bengal state assembly election, 2011|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Purbasthali Uttar<ref name="Purbasthali Uttar">{{cite web| url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25269.htm|title = Purbasthali Uttar |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results| publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=269| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223648/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=269| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Purbasthali Uttar| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Purbasthali Uttar | publisher =Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-10 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Tapan Chatterjee
|votes = 71,107
|percentage = 42.63
|change = +0.74#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Pradip Saha
|votes = 68,967
|percentage = 41.35
|change = -8.68#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Swapan Bhattachrya
|votes = 17,222
|percentage = 10.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = People's Democratic Conference of India
|candidate = Amanullah Sekh
|votes = 5,394
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Ashoke Chowdhury
|votes = 2,159
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sanjib Hazra
|votes = 1,957
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 166,806
|percentage = 88.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +9.42#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Trinamool Congress+Congress vote percentages taken together and CPI(M) vote percentages in 2006, in [[Purbasthali Assembly constituency|Purbasthali]] constituency.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Chhapara

2026-05-03T09:14:16Z

Notthetag: Added A Details

{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Seoni Chhapara
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline = Wainganga river beauty.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Wainganga River Near Chhapara
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.39|N|79.54|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Seoni District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Nagar panchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 15,371
| population_as_of = 2011
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP 22]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 480884
}}
'''Chhapara''' or '''Seoni Chhapara''' is a town and a [[Nagar Panchayat]] in [[Seoni District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indianemployees.com/gazette-notifications/details/extension-of-wards-of-municipal-council-chhapara-district-seoni | title=Extension of wards of Municipal Council Chhapara, District Seoni }}</ref>

==History==
Chhapara was part of the Gond and [[Maratha Kingdom|Maratha]] kingdoms. It was one of the garhi of Maratha kingdom. Bakht Buland Shah gave the Dongaratal region to Raj Khan, an Afghan adventurer, as governor. He also placed his relative Raja Ram Singh in charge of Seoni region, who built a fort at Chhapara. Raj Khan took part of modern Bhandara district.

==Geography==
Chhapara is located on 22.39°N 79.54°E.<ref>http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Seoni_Chhapara.html</ref> It has an average elevation of {{cvt|741|m}}. It is about {{cvt|35|km}} from Seoni.

The [[Wainganga river]] flows through Chhapara.

==Population==
Chhapara has a population of 15,371 of whom 7,844 are males while 7,527 are females as per a report released by Census India 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/496095-dungariya-chhapara-madhya-pradesh.html | title=Dungariya Chhapara Census Town City Population Census 2011-2024 | Madhya Pradesh }}</ref>

==Administration==
Chhapara is a tehsil headquarter and a development block. There are 157 villages in this tehsil. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://seoni.nic.in/en/tehsil/ | title=Tehsil | District Seoni, Government of MadhyaPradesh | India }}</ref>

Chhapara is a Nagar Panchayat city in district of Seoni, Madhya Pradesh. Chhapara city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.

==Tourism in Chhapara==
* [[Wainganga River]]
* [[Bheemgarh Dam]] Chhapara
* Banjari Devi Temple Chhapara
* Chhapara Garhi
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://seoni.nic.in/en/tourism/ | title=Tourism | District Seoni, Government of MadhyaPradesh | India }}</ref>

==Transport==
Chhapara is located on NH 44. It is well connected by road and is linked to [[Seoni]], [[Jabalpur]], [[Lakhnadon]], [[Mandla]] and [[Narsinghpur]]. A number of buses ply from Chhapara.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jabalpur Division}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Dams in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geography of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Seoni district]]

Kurjadi

2026-05-01T23:58:41Z

Notthetag: started a article

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurjadi
| settlement_type = Village
| map_caption = Kurjadi (India)
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.7258|N|73.7174|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 17.28
| population_total = 352
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=18 November 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Kurjadi''' is a village in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil of [[Bikaner District]], [[Rajasthan]], India.

People residing in this village rely on agriculture, consisting of irrigated and non-irrigated farming.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 Census conducted by the [[Government of India]], the population of this village was 352, of which 191 were males and 161 were females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Kurjadi village as per 2011-Census, conducted by Government of India. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69644-kurjadi-rajasthan.html |access-date= 18 November 2024}}</ref>
The literacy rate was 60.69%.

Inhabitants of this village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Kurjadi village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Kurjadi Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]] is the most spoken language here.
[[Hindi Language|Hindi]], and [[English Language|English]] are officially used languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Kurjadi village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=97|value2=2.5|value3=0.5|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Kurjadi village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

==See also==
*[[Jasrasar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

List of Jats

2026-04-30T04:23:54Z

Notthetag: creating initial stub first draft.

{{Short description|Notable members of the Jat community}}
{{protection padlock|reason=[[WP:GS/Caste]], regular BLP vios and unsourced entries|small=yes}}
{{dynamic list}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}

This is a list of notable members of the [[Jat]] community.

== Anti-colonialists ==
[[File:Bhagat Singh 1929.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Bhagat Singh]], Indian revolutionary who became a symbol of resistance against British colonial rule.]]List of notable [[Jats]] who were [[Indian independence activists]] or [[freedom fighter]]s
[[File:Mahendra Pratap 1979 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh]], president of the [[Provisional Government of India]] in [[Kabul]]]]
*[[Baba Gurdit Singh]],<ref name="Banerjee">{{cite book |last=Banerjee |first=Himadri |editor1-last=Roy |editor1-first=Anjali Gera |editor2-last=Sahoo |editor2-first=Ajaya Kumar |title=Diasporas and Transnationalisms: The Journey of the Komagata Maru |year=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-70190-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOZ3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT214 |chapter=Remembering ''Komagata Maru'': its many journeys, 1914–2014 |page=214 |quote=The news of the voyage to Vancouver under the leadership Gurdit Singh (1859–1954), a Jat Sikh from ''majha'', reached the immigrant Sikhs in Howrah and Kolkata.}}</ref> leader of the [[Komagata Maru incident]]
*[[Bhagat Singh]],<ref name="Ramaswamy">{{cite book |last=Ramaswamy |first=Sumathi |title=The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India |year=2010 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8223-4610-4 |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWfcoMnHU8gC&pg=PA218 |quote=... Bhagat Singh (b. 1907)—a Punjabi Jat Sikh with avowedly socialist and atheist views on the nation and the world ...}}</ref> Indian socialist revolutionary who was executed by the British colonialists in 1931
*[[Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_0vAQAAIAAJ&q=gurbaksh+singh+dhillon+was+a+jat |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Freedom fighters |date=1996 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |language=en |quote=Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon was born at Algon on 18 March 1914 . His father and mother were descendants of the Dhillon and Dhariwal Sikh Jats}}</ref> he was as a close associate of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and played a key role in INA military operations against British forces during [[World War II]]
*[[Kartar Singh Sarabha]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartar Singh Sarabha|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=148881 |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> Indian freedom fighter
*[[Nahar Singh]],<ref name="Bates VI">{{cite book |last=Husain |first=S.M. Azizuddin |title=Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-81-321-1354-6 |editor-last=Bates |editor-first=Crispin |volume=VI: Perception, Narration and Reinvention: The Pedagogy and Historiography of the Indian Uprising |page=187 |chapter=1857 as Reflected in Persian and Urdu Documents |quote=People were divided: Jat Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh was supporting Bahadur Shah, and the Jats of Ghaziabad were supporting the British. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRlBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT187}}</ref> ruler of [[Ballabgarh (jagir)|Ballabgarh]] who fought against the [[East India Company]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
*[[Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal]], freedom fighter in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miraj |first1=Muhammad Hassan |title=Kharal and Berkley II |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/793732/kharal-and-berkley-ii |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=Dawn |date=22 April 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh]],<ref name="Narayan">{{cite book |last=Narayan |first=Dinesh |title=The RSS and the Making of the Deep Nation |year=2020 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |isbn=978-0-670-08997-0 |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEfWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT24 |quote=Vajpayee had also contested from Mathura where he lost to the Jat king, Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh, a Gandhian and a Nobel Peace Prize nominee of 1932.}}</ref> Indian freedom fighter, president of the [[Provisional Government of India]] in [[Kabul]]
*[[Sah Mal]],<ref name="Bose">{{cite book |last1=Bose |first1=Sugata |last2=Jalal |first2=Ayesha |author1-link=Sugata Bose |author2-link=Ayesha Jalal |title=Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy |year=2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-30786-4 |page=76 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAp_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 |quote=Shah Mal, a Jat farmer, emerged from relative oblivion to lead the rebellion in Baraut locality in north-western India until he was killed in combat.}}</ref> rebel who fought against the British in [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
*[[Sardar Ajit Singh]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nijjar |first=Bakhshish Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luropwVYb0kC&dq=sardar+ajit+singh+jat&pg=PA172 |title=History of the United Panjab |date=1996 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-7156-535-1 |language=en |quote=He was the son of Sar- dar Kishan Singh Sandhu Jat and Shrimati Vidyavati and nephew of Sardar Ajit Singh.}}</ref> revolutionary and uncle of [[Bhagat Singh]], best known for leading the ''Pagri Sambhal Jatta'' movement against British agrarian laws and for his lifelong struggle in exile against colonial rule.
*[[Sohan Singh Bhakna]],<ref name="Mandair">{{cite book |last=Mandair |first=Arvind-Pal Singh |title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |year=2013 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury Academic]] |isbn=978-1-4411-1708-3 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91 |quote=The Ghadr Movement as it came to be known, was spear headed by Har Dyal, a Hindu, and Sohan Singh Bhakhna, a Jat Sikh.}}</ref> founding president of the [[Ghadar party]]
*[[Teja Singh Sutantar]],<ref name="Khushwant7">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |title=A History of the Sikhs |year=2004 |volume=II: 1839–2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |page=191 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ |quote=Teja Singh Swatantra (b.1901), a Jat Sikh of village Aluna (Gurdaspur district), was active in the Akali and Congress movements.}}</ref> freedom fighter and a member of [[Ghadar Party]]

== Armed forces ==
=== Indian armed forces ===
[[File:Marshal Arjan Singh.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Arjan Singh]], 3rd [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Air Staff]] from 1964 to 1969, leading the Air Force through the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].]]
[[File:Major Hoshiar Singh.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]], recipient of India's highest military honour, the [[Param Vir Chakra]], for his gallantry during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]].]]
[[File:Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon 2000 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]], recipient of [[Param Vir Chakra]], in recognition of his lone defence of [[Srinagar]] Air Base against a [[Pakistan Air Force]](PAF) air raid during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].]]
*[[Arjan Singh]],<ref name="Roopinder">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Roopinder |author-link=Roopinder Singh |title=When Arjan Singh sold off his farm for IAF personnel |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/when-arjan-singh-sold-off-his-farm-for-iaf-personnel-468394 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=17 September 2017 |orig-date=First published on 24 December 2004 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220306060300/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/when-arjan-singh-sold-off-his-farm-for-iaf-personnel-468394 |url-status=live |archive-date=6 March 2022 |quote=For this Aulakh Jat, ... |access-date=6 March 2022 }}</ref><ref name="KSVirk" /> former [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of the Indian Air Force]]
*[[Badlu Singh]],<ref name="gov.uk">{{cite web |title=WW1 Indian VC recipient Badlu Singh |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/ww1-indian-vc-recipient-badlu-singh |website=[[gov.uk]] |publisher=[[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|Foreign & Commonwealth Office]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712084757/https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/ww1-indian-vc-recipient-badlu-singh |archive-date=12 July 2019 |date=20 June 2016 |quote=Badlu Singh was a Hindu Jat, ... |url-status=live}}</ref> recipient of [[Victoria Cross]]
*[[Chhelu Ram]], recipient of [[Victoria Cross]]<ref name="Abhyankar">{{cite book |last=Abhyankar |first=M. G. |title=The Rajputana Rifles: A History of the Regiment, 1775–1947 |year=1961 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan|Orient Longmans]] |oclc=602513424 |page=354 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otigAAAAMAAJ |quote=... Chhelu Ram who had been mortally wounded at the crisis of the fighting. ... For unparalleled courage and leadership, this Jat from Dhenod Village, Bhiwani, Hissar District earned for his Battalion the second 'Victoria Cross' of the war.}}</ref>
*[[Gian Singh (soldier)|Gian Singh]], recipient of [[Victoria Cross]]<ref name="Hickey">{{cite book |last=Hickey |first=Michael |title=The Unforgettable Army: Slim's XIVth Army in Burma |year=1992 |publisher=[[The History Press|Spellmount]] |isbn=978-1-873376-10-2 |page=273 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsA3s1zzG04C |quote=Naik GIAN SINGH, 4/15th Punjab Regiment (Jat Sikh)}}</ref>
*[[Harbaksh Singh|Lt Gen Harbaksh Singh]],<ref name="KSVirk">{{cite magazine |last=Virk |first=Kulwant Singh |author-link= |date=11 April 1976 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Khushwant |editor-link=Khushwant Singh |title=Peasant Communities of Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Wg6AQAAIAAJ |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |publication-date= |volume=97 |issue=15 |page=19 |quote=The Jats of Punjab have produced many men of renown. One of the most illustrious was Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839). ... In the Services are former Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh and Lt Gen Harbakhsh Singh who played a major role in the 1965 War. Nirmaljit Singh won the first Param Vir Chakra for the IAF.}}</ref> recipient of The [[Vir Chakra]] and The [[Padma Vibhushan]]
*[[Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]], recipient of [[Param Vir Chakra ]]<ref name="Praval">{{cite book |last=Praval |first=K. C. |title=Indian Army After Independence |year=1987 |publisher=Lancer International |isbn=978-81-7062-014-3 |page=513 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rl8sAAAAIAAJ |quote=A Jat from the Sisana village in Rohtak district, Hoshiar Singh was in command of the left forward company of his battalion.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tripathi |first1=Vineet |title=कर्नल होशियार सिंह की पत्नी को देखते ही राजनाथ सिंह ने छुए पैर, 1971 भारत-पाक युद्ध में खून से लथपथ होने के बावजूद थामी थी मशीनगन |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/rajnath-singh-touched-the-feet-of-wife-of-decorated-with-param-vir-chakra-colonel-hoshiar-singh-dahiya/articleshow/88285768.cms |access-date=11 July 2022 |work=Navbharat Times |date=15 December 2021 |language=hi}}</ref>
*[[Khem Karan Singh|Lt Gen Khem Karan Singh]], recipient of [[Mahavir Chakra]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 October 2018|title=Lt Gen Khem Karan Singh:An outstanding military leader|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryanatribune/lt-gen-khem-karan-singh-an-outstanding-military-leader-670659|work=The Tribune|access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>
*[[Mohan Singh (general)|Mohan Singh]],<ref name="Khushwant">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |title=A History of the Sikhs |year=2004 |volume=II: 1839–2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |page=243 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ |quote=Mohan Singh (b.1909) of village Ugoke (Sialkot district), a Jat of Ghuman sub-caste, joined the army in 1927 as a common sepoy.}}</ref> founder and General of the [[First Indian National Army]]
*[[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]], recipient of [[Param Vir Chakra]]<ref name="KSVirk"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indo-Pak War 1971|date=4 January 2013|url=https://www.sankalpindia.net/indo-pak-war-1971|work=[[Sankalp India Foundation]]|access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>
*[[Parkash Singh]], recipient of [[Victoria Cross]]<ref name="Hickey1">{{cite book |last=Hickey |first=Michael |title=The Unforgettable Army: Slim's XIVth Army in Burma |year=1992 |publisher=[[The History Press|Spellmount]] |isbn=978-1-873376-10-2 |page=267 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsA3s1zzG04C |quote=Havildar PARKASH SINGH, 5/8th Punjab Regiment (Jat Sikh)}}</ref>
*[[Ranjit Singh Dyal]],<ref name="Balakrishnan">{{cite magazine |last=Balakrishnan |first=S. |author-link= |date=24 December 1989 |editor-last=Nandy |editor-first=Pritish |editor-link=Pritish Nandy |title=Free at Last! |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aHE-gNVllf0C |magazine=[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]] |publication-date= |volume=110 |issue= |page=8 |quote=Even as the troops led by Lt Gen Ranjit Singh Dyal, a Jat Sikh officer, stormed the temple complex where Bhindranwale and Amrik Singh were holed up, ...}}</ref> recipient of [[Maha Vir Chakra]]
*[[Richhpal Ram]], recipient of [[Victoria Cross]]<ref name="Abhyankar2">{{cite book |last=Abhyankar |first=M. G. |title=The Rajputana Rifles: A History of the Regiment, 1775–1947 |year=1961 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan|Orient Longmans]] |oclc=602513424 |page=328 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otigAAAAMAAJ |quote=A Jat from village Barda in the Narnoul Tehsil of Patiala, Richpal Ram, by his superb gallantry earned for his Regiment and the Division the first Victoria Cross of the War.}}</ref><ref name="Pitt">{{cite book |last=Pitt |first=Barrie |title=The Crucible of War: Wavell's Command |year=2001 |volume=1 |publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell & Co]] |isbn=978-0-304-35950-9 |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRUoGwAACAAJ |quote=It was here that Subadar Richpal Ram, a Jat from [[Patiala State]], earned the first of the four Victoria Crosses won by 4th Indian Division during the war, another of which also went to the 4th/6th Rajputana Rifles.}}</ref>
*[[Sant Singh]],<ref name="Dabas">{{cite news |last=Dabas |first=Dilbag Singh |title=Brig Sant Singh, MVC and Bar, displayed outstanding gallantry in 1965, 1971 wars |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/brig-sant-singh-mvc-and-bar-displayed-outstanding-gallantry-in-1965-1971-wars-281548 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=12 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713185447/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/brig-sant-singh-mvc-and-bar-displayed-outstanding-gallantry-in-1965-1971-wars-281548 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |quote=He belonged to a marginal Jat Sikh farming family ... |url-status=live}}</ref> recipient of [[Mahavir Chakra]]
*[[Shabeg Singh]],<ref name="Khushwant2">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |title=A History of the Sikhs |year=2004 |volume=II: 1839–2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |page=335 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ |quote=Shahbeg Singh, a Jat Sikh, had a distinguished career in the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 when he trained the Mukti Bahini guerilias.}}</ref> known for his involvement in the training of [[Mukti Bahini]] volunteers during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
*[[Ved Prakash Malik]], 19th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Indian Army]]{{efn|Gen. Malik confirms<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Vedmalik1 |number=1514648305438892053 |title=Thank you. Proud to be part of warrior community |date=14 April 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref> after being congratulated for being a 'Jat' by a twitter account<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/Vedmalik1/status/1514648305438892053 |title=@Vedmalik1 sir congratulations on being declared a Jat. |website=Twitter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414165508/https://twitter.com/Vedmalik1/status/1514648305438892053 |access-date=28 July 2022|archive-date=14 April 2022 }}</ref>}}

=== Pakistani armed forces ===
* [[Amir Sultan Tarar]], the "Colonel Imam", [[Special Service Group|SSG]] officer, [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agent, trained [[Afghan mujahideen|Afghan Mujahideen]] and [[Taliban]] fighters<ref>Matinuddin, Kamal (1999) The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997, p 63. Oxford University Press US, {{ISBN|978-0-19-579274-4}}</ref><ref>Carlotta Gall (3 March 2010). [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/04/world/asia/04imam.html "Former Pakistani Officer Embodies a Policy Puzzle"]. The New York Times.</ref>
* [[Qamar Javed Bajwa]], 10th [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Pakistani Armed Forces]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ahmed|first1=Ashfaq|title=Pakistan: General Qamar Javed Bajwa takes charge at a critical time |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan-general-qamar-javed-bajwa-takes-charge-at-a-critical-time-1.1937554 |work=Gulf News |date=29 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="rediff/21nov23">{{cite news |last1=BANERJI |first1=RANA |title=Shenanigans Surface In Pakistan Military |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/column/shenanigans-surface-in-pakistan-military/20231121.htm |access-date=22 February 2024 |work=Rediff |date=21 November 2023 |language=en |quote=[Air Chief Zaheer Sidhu] hailed from Chakwal and was a 'Jutt' (Jat), the same [[biradri|biradari]] (clan) as General Bajwa}}</ref>
* [[Zaheer Ahmad Babar|Zaheer Ahmad Babar Sidhu]], 16th [[Chief of the Air Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Air Staff]] of the [[Pakistani Air Force]]<ref name="rediff/21nov23" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Naveed |title=Air Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar named new PAF chief |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1613049 |work=DAWN.COM |date=17 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Businessmen and philanthropists ==
[[File:Kushal Pal Singh Latest Image 14th November 2024.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Kushal Pal Singh]], Indian billionaire real estate developer]]
* [[Chaudhary Raghvendra Singh]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Donthi |first1=Praveen |date=1 January 2014 |title=How the brokers of land and power built the Millennium City |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/road-gurgaon |access-date=30 August 2025 |work=Caravan}}</ref> Indian real estate developer and founder of [[DLF (company)|DLF]].
* [[Dyal Singh Majithia]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deol |first=Harnik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkHi5j81VHEC&dq=Dyal+Singh+Majithia+jat&pg=PT177 |title=Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab |date=2 September 2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-63535-1 |language=en |quote=It was founded by the Jat Sikh aristocrat Dyal Singh Majithia and was first published on 2 February 1881}}</ref> philanthropist and founder of [[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] and [[Punjab National Bank]]
* [[Kushal Pal Singh]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=K. P. (Kushal Pal) |url=https://archive.org/details/whateveroddsincr0000sing/page/88/mode/2up?q=Jat+origins |title=Whatever the odds : the incredible story behind DLF |date=2011 |publisher=New Delhi : HarperCollins Publishers India, a joint venture with The India Today Group |isbn=978-93-5029-134-4 |page=88 |quote=My Jat origins and family were to come to my rescue on another occasion, this time in a rather bizarre incident}}</ref> Indian billionaire real estate developer and retired military officer.
* [[Seth Chhaju Ram]], Philanthropist<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=M.M. |date=22 September 2001 |title=An illustrious son of the soil, Seth Chhaju Ram |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010922/windows/main2.htm |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=[[The Tribune]]}}</ref>

== Civil servants ==
[[File:K. P. S. Gill.png|thumb|180px|[[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill]], he is credited with having brought the [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|Punjab insurgency]] under control]]

* [[Ajay Singh Chahar]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Ajaz |date=25 October 2016 |title=The Jats of Haryana will campaign against the BJP in Uttar Pradesh |url=http://scroll.in/article/819876/the-jats-of-haryana-will-campaign-against-the-bjp-in-uttar-pradesh |access-date=25 October 2025 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref> former [[High commissioner|High Commissioner]] to [[Fiji Islands]], and former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Gyan Prakash Pilania]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2003 |title=Rajasthan Jat community a divided lot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rajasthan-jat-community-a-divided-lot/articleshow/49755.cms |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजस्थान के पूर्व DGP और जाट नेता डॉ. ज्ञानप्रकाश पिलानिया का निधन, जानिए इनके बारे में |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jaipur/rajasthan-former-dgp-and-jat-leader-dr-gyanprakash-pilania-passed-away/articleshow/114194570.cms |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> former [[List of DGPs of Rajasthan|DGP of Rajasthan]] and former Member of the [[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajwa |first=Harpreet |date=27 May 2017 |title='Supercop' KPS Gill, who ended militancy in Punjab, passes away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/May/26/supercop-kps-gill-who-ended-militancy-in-punjab-passes-away-1609370.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |quote=A Jat Sikh officer, Gill during his tenure as DGP lobbied with leaders of all sections against terrorism}}</ref> former two term [[Director general of police|DGP]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and recipient of [[Padma Shri]]
*[[M. S. Gill]],<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Mitta |first1=M. |date=15 November 1993 |title=Manohar Singh Gill publicly questions legality of decisions taken by Election Commission |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19931115-manohar-singh-gill-publicly-questions-legality-of-decisions-taken-by-election-commission-811795-1993-11-14 |magazine=India Today |access-date=13 November 2025 |quote=The appointment of Manohar Singh Gill, 57, as an election commissioner is one such. The Jat Sikh, once additional chief secretary of Punjab ...}}</ref> former [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer who served as the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports#Cabinet Ministers|Mnister of Sports and Youth Affairs]] and the [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation#Cabinet Ministers|Minister of Statistics and Programme Implementation]]. He also served as the [[Chief Election Commissioner of India]].

==Film, television, and entertainment==
[[File:Dharmendra 2012.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Dharmendra]], He-Man of [[Bollywood]] ]]
[[File:Sunny Paaji 2024.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Sunny Deol]], known for his angry [[action hero]] persona in [[Hindi cinema]]]]
[[File:Jaideep Ahlawat at IFFI 2022.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Jaideep Ahlawat]], Indian actor]]
[[File:Randeep Hooda BIG Star Entertainment Awards.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Randeep Hooda]], Indian actor]]

=== Film ===
*[[Arjan Bajwa]],<ref name="Sinha">{{cite news |last=Sinha |first=Seema |date=24 October 2011 |title=I don't have too many presumptions: Arjan Bajwa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-dont-have-too-many-presumptions-arjan-bajwa/articleshow/10474755.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730010323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-dont-have-too-many-presumptions-arjan-bajwa/articleshow/10474755.cms |archive-date=30 July 2022 |work=The Times of India |quote=... I am full jat sikh.}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Darshan Kumar]],<ref name="Anuj1">{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=8 January 2015 |title=From ugly to lovely |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/new-stars-manav-kaul-darshan-kumar-vineet-kumar-singh/article6767816.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814075940/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/new-stars-manav-kaul-darshan-kumar-vineet-kumar-singh/article6767816.ece |archive-date=14 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |quote=“I am a Jat boy from Haryana ... ,” says Darshan, ...}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Dharmendra]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 June 2015 |title=I am a farmer's son: Dharmendra |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/i-am-a-farmers-son-dharmendra/article7361469.ece |access-date=14 February 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Indian film actor
* [[Jaideep Ahlawat]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Jaideep Ahlawat reveals how he proposed to wife in true Jaat style: 'There won't be any shortage of milk and ghee' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jaideep-ahlawat-reveals-how-he-proposed-to-wife-in-true-jaat-style-10123554// |work=The Indian Express |date=13 July 2025 |access-date=4 September 2025 |quote=Do you think a Jaat boy like me would know the art of proposing?}}</ref> Indian actor
*[[Kabir Duhan Singh]]<ref name="Duhan">{{Cite instagram |author=Kabir Duhan Singh |author-link=Kabir Duhan Singh |user=kabirduhansingh |postid=BjPhecAhgTS |date=26 May 2018 |title=I am proud to be a Jat. |link=}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Kirron Kher]],<ref name="Priya">{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |title=Sikandar is blessed to have Anupam as his stepfather: Kirron Kher |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sikandar-is-blessed-to-have-Anupam-as-his-stepfather-Kirron-Kher/articleshow/30949698.cms? |work=The Times of India |date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191123155732/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sikandar-is-blessed-to-have-Anupam-as-his-stepfather-Kirron-Kher/articleshow/30949698.cms? |archive-date=23 November 2019 |url-status=live |quote=I am a Jat Sikhni from Punjab.}}</ref> Indian film actress
*[[Mahie Gill]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wadhwa|first=Akash|date=10 December 2012|title=My first marriage failed because I was immature: Mahie|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/My-first-marriage-failed-because-I-was-immature-Mahie/articleshow/17541925.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref> Indian film actress
*[[Mallika Sherawat]],<ref name="Lalwani">{{cite web |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title='Dharam''ji'' and Mallika plan to set screens on fire! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/oct/06mallika.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |date=5 October 2004 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909221434/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/oct/06mallika.htm |archive-date=9 September 2012 |url-status=live |quote=Mallika chips in, "We Jats, Dharam''ji'' and I, will set the screens on fire!"}}</ref> Indian film actress
*[[Mohit Ahlawat (actor)|Mohit Ahlawat]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gupta|first=Priya|date=28 March 2015|title=Mohit Ahlawat: I still miss Ramu sometimes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mohit-ahlawat-i-still-miss-ramu-sometimes/articleshow/46715289.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Parvin Dabas]],<ref>{{cite news |date=22 February 2016 |title=Jat stir: Actor ParvinDabas appeals for calm |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/news/jat-stir-actor-parvin-dabas-appeals-for-calm/videoshow/51085178.cms |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Randeep Hooda]],<ref>{{cite news |title=I was too full of myself: Randeep Hooda |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/i-was-too-full-of-myself-randeep-hooda-601941 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028153136/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/i-was-too-full-of-myself-randeep-hooda-601941 |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=27 January 2016 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Simran Kaur Mundi|Simran Mundi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tribune India - Miss India has roots in Doaba |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080606/jplus1.htm#1 |access-date=6 June 2008 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> Indian film actress
*[[Sunny Deol]],<ref name="Rediff">{{cite news |date=3 January 2011 |title=Sunny Deol: Bobby and I are still scared of dad |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-sunny-deol-the-unsung-hero/20110103.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306014916/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-sunny-deol-the-unsung-hero/20110103.htm |archive-date=6 March 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |quote=I am a Jat, so it came naturally.}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Sushant Singh]],<ref name="Dedhia">{{cite news |last=Dedhia |first=Sonil |title=Sushant Singh's ego problem |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-s-ego-problem/story-oVAhvVGeZPvlwSYsOnO6oM.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813074128/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sushant-singh-s-ego-problem/story-oVAhvVGeZPvlwSYsOnO6oM.html |archive-date=13 August 2020 |url-status=live |quote=Being a Jat, I have my ego.}}</ref> Indian film actor
*[[Taapsee Pannu]],<ref name="Gupta">{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Priya |title=Took revenge on the first guy I dated: Taapsee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Took-revenge-on-the-first-guy-I-dated-Taapsee/articleshow/45966351.cms |work=The Times of India |date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101224/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Took-revenge-on-the-first-guy-I-dated-Taapsee/articleshow/45966351.cms |archive-date=8 November 2020 |url-status=live |quote=I am a Jat Sikhni, born and brought up in Delhi.}}</ref> Indian film actress

=== Television ===
* [[Meghna Malik]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Naini |date=6 October 2016 |title=Delhi keeps calling me back, says actor Meghna Malik |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/delhi-keeps-calling-me-back-says-actor-meghna-malik/story-yAhpxvBuu5DDl2c8pa9oaK.html |access-date=22 June 2019 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Indian TV actress
* [[Rajat Tokas]],<ref name="Anuj">{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=14 November 2007 |title=Portraying a real hero |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/portraying-a-real-hero/article2255438.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211231160153/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/portraying-a-real-hero/article2255438.ece |archive-date=31 December 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |quote=I am a Jat from Delhi.}}</ref> Indian TV actor
* [[Vivek Dahiya (actor)|Vivek Dahiya]],<ref name="Lalwani1">{{cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |date=14 February 2021 |title=Exclusive - Divyanka Tripathi-Vivek Dahiya: Our baby will get confused because we both call each other 'Baby'! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-divyanka-tripathi-vivek-dahiya-our-baby-will-get-confused-because-we-both-call-each-other-baby/articleshow/80909113.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210614155507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-divyanka-tripathi-vivek-dahiya-our-baby-will-get-confused-because-we-both-call-each-other-baby/articleshow/80909113.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=14 June 2021 |work=The Times of India |quote=Vivek: I am a typical Jat ...}}</ref> Indian TV actor

=== Entertainment ===
* [[Anubhav Singh Bassi]]<ref name="Bassi">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z12bz7adLKI |title=Waxing - Stand Up Comedy ft. Anubhav Singh Bassi |date=13 June 2019 |language=Hindi |publisher= |time=0:04 and 0:05 |time-caption=Comment occurs between |quote=... मैं मेरठ से हूँ और जाट हूँ ... |trans-quote=... I am from Meerut and am a Jat ... |via=YouTube |people=[[Anubhav Singh Bassi]]}}</ref> Indian comedian
*[[Dhruv Rathee]]<ref name="Rathee">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdIsr4EZeuU |title=Who is Dhruv Rathee? । Q&A । Indian Journalism and Climate Change |date=17 May 2017 |language=Hindi |publisher= |time=0:25 and 0:28 |time-caption=Comments occur between |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210113904/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdIsr4EZeuU |archive-date=10 February 2022 |url-status=live |quote=... मैं 100% हरियाणवी जाट हूँ। |trans-quote=... I am 100% Haryanvi Jat. |via=[[YouTube]] |people=[[Dhruv Rathee]]}}</ref> Indian YouTuber

== Folklores ==
[[File:Heer Ranjha painting.jpg|thumb|180px|Painting by Shafqat Jilani (c. 1930) depicting Ranjha (playing his flute) and Heer]]
* [[Heer Ranjha]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Nagla |first=B. K. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Culture_Change_in_India/rWfwEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=heer+ranjha+were+jats&pg=PT231&printsec=frontcover |title=Culture Change in India: Intellectual Traditions, Institutions and Regions |last2=Choudhary |first2=Kameshwar |date=5 March 2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-003-86105-8 |language=en |quote=Heer and Ranjha, and Mirza and Sahiban belonged to the Jat caste.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Oldenburg |first=Veena Talwar |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Dowry_Murder/BSjVgCpc5p4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=heer+ranjha+were+jats&pg=PA65&printsec=frontcover |title=Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-515072-8 |language=en |quote=Heer and Ranjha, was sung by minstrels throughout the Punjab. Ranjha was a handsome Muslim Jat who was smitten by love for the beautiful Heer, of the Sial clan from the Jhang in western Punjab}}</ref> a tragic romance in [[Punjabi literature]], popularised in the 18th century by the poet [[Waris Shah]]
* [[Mirza Sahiban]],<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=Precolonial and colonial Punjab: society, economy, politics and culture; essays for Indu Banga |date=2005 |publisher=Manohar Publ |isbn=978-81-7304-654-4 |editor-last=Grewal |editor-first=Reeta |edition=1. publ |location=New Delhi |quote=Mirza was the son of Banjal, a Kharal Jat Chief of Danabad in the Montgomery district. Sahiban was the daughter of the Jat Chief Khiva Khan belonging to the Syal clan |editor-last2=Banga |editor-first2=Indu |editor-last3=Pall |editor-first3=Sheena}}</ref> a classic [[Punjabi folk]] romance, originally recorded in literary form by the 17th-century poet [[Pilu (poet)|Pilu]]

== Historical figures ==
=== Hindu Jats ===
[[File:Maharaja Suraj Mal.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Suraj Mal]], Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur Kingdom]]]]List of notable [[Jats]] in the history of pre-independence India

* [[Badan Singh]],<ref name="Asher">{{cite book |last1=Asher |first1=Catherine B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA272 |title=India Before Europe |last2=Talbot |first2=Cynthia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-80904-7 |page=272 |quote=The more successful among them even rose to the status of minor kings, as we saw with the Jat ruler Badan Singh of Bharatpur. |orig-year=2006}}</ref> founder and first [[List of Maharajas of Bharatpur|Maharaja of Bharatpur]]
* [[Churaman]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhardwaj |first=Suraj Bhan |date=June 2020 |title=Churaman and the making of the Jat state in the late 17th and early eighteenth century |journal=Studies in People's History |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=30–52 |doi=10.1177/2348448920908238 |issn=2348-4489 |s2cid=216320823 |doi-access=free}}</ref> chieftain of [[Sinsini|Sinsini, Rajasthan]]. He established the rule mainly centred at [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], during the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]]
* [[Gokula Jat]],<ref name="Raj Pal">{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=Raj Pal |year=1985 |editor-last=Yadav |editor-first=K. C. |editor-link=K. C. Yadav |title=Death of Maharaja Suraj Mal: A New Interpretation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF5DAAAAYAAJ |journal=Journal of Haryana Studies |publisher=[[Kurukshetra University]] |volume=17 |issue=1 & 2 |page=23 |issn=0454-9201 |quote=In 1669, under Gokula, a local Jat Zamindar, they raised banner of revolt.}}</ref> rebel leader, who led one of the earliest organised revolts against the [[Mughal Empire]] during [[Aurangzeb]] reign in 1669
* [[Jawahar Singh]],<ref name="Pandey2">{{cite book |last=Pandey |first=Uma Shanker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izuhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70 |title=European Adventurers in North India: 1750–1803 |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-429-31766-8 |edition=1st |page=31 |doi=10.4324/9780429317668 |quote=... after the death of Jat ruler Jawahar Singh. |orig-year=2019 |s2cid=199103727}}</ref> Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]]. Notable for [[Battle of Delhi (1764)|capturing Delhi in 1764]] and resistance against [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmed Shah Abdali]]
* [[Kushal Singh Dahiya]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Parveen |date=12 November 2025 |title=BJP reaches out to Jats with mega event honouring Dada Kushal Singh Dahiya in Sonepat |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/bjp-reaches-out-to-jats-with-mega-event-honouring-dada-kushal-singh-dahiya-in-sonepat/ |work=The Tribune |access-date=28 December 2025}}</ref> sacrificed himself to protect the honour of Sikh Guru [[Tegh Bahadur]]
* [[Raja Maldeo]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Vir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGgMAQAAMAAJ&q=kanwarpal+kaswan+sidhmukh |title=The Jats: Their Role & Contribution to the Socio-economic Life and Polity of North & North-west India, Volume 3 |publisher=Low Price Publications |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-188-6-29688 |editor=Vir Singh |contribution=Suraj Mal Memorial Education Society. Centre for Research and Publication |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> ruler of [[Sidhmukh|Sidhmukh State]]
* [[Rajaram of Sinsini|Rajaram Jat]],<ref name="Richards">{{cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |author-link=John F. Richards |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA250 |title=The Mughal Empire |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-52-125119-8 |series=[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: The Mughals and their Contemporaries |volume=5 |page=250 |quote="In 1685, Rajaram, a Jat zamindar at Sinsini, eighty kilometres west of Agra, strengthened a strongly defended fortress of hardened mud." |orig-year=1993}}</ref> rebel leader and successor of [[Gokula Jat|Gokula]], who continued resistance against Mughal rule in the late 17th century. Notable for desecration of [[Akbar's tomb|Akbar tomb]]
* [[Ranjit Singh of Bharatpur|Ranjit Singh]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=ranjit+singh+jat+bharatpur&pg=PA648 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |language=en |quote=Ranjit Singh, the Jat chief, and Amir Khan, the chief of the Pindaris, to wean them away from Holkar.}}</ref> Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]]. He participated in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] on the side of the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and his forces proved to be a tough match for [[Lord Lake]]
* [[Suraj Mal]],<ref name="Ray12">{{cite book |last=Ray |first=Sugata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwuiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 |title=Climate Change and the Art of Devotion: Geoaesthetics in the Land of Krishna, 1550–1850 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-29-574538-1 |page=113 |quote=Adequate monsoon was fundamental for the survival of the primarily agricultural Jat community to which Suraj Mal belonged.}}</ref><ref name="Roy2">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |title=Chinese and Indian Warfare – From the Classical Age to 1870 |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-415-50244-3 |editor1-last=Roy |editor1-first=Kaushik |page=97 |chapter=British-India and Afghanistan: 1707–1842 |quote=The Jat Raja Suraj Mal advised the Marathas to conduct guerrilla warfare against Ahmad Shah for several reasons. |editor2-last=Lorge |editor2-first=Peter |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=627fBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA97}}</ref> Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur]]. He is notably remembered for the [[plunder of Old Delhi]] in 1753 and the [[capture of Agra]] in 1761. He earned the epithet “Plato of the Jats.”

=== Sikh Jats ===
[[File:Maharaj Ranjit Singh.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], founder of [[Sikh Empire]] and popularly known as ''Lion of Punjab'']]
[[File:Nawab Kapur Singh.png|thumb|180px|[[Nawab Kapur Singh]], Sikh leader and organiser of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)|Dal Khalsa]]]]
* [[Akali Phula Singh]], Sikh warrior and a [[Nihang]] leader<ref name="McLeod6">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |author-link1=W. H. McLeod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243 |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |edition=3rd |page=243 |quote=PHULA SINGH (c. 1761–1823). ... He was a Jat, son of an attendant at Akal Takhat, and upon joining the Akalis became their most famous leader.}}</ref>
*[[Baba Deep Singh]], founder of [[Shaheedan Misl]]<ref name="McLeod1">{{cite book |last=McLeod |first=W. H. |author-link=W. H. McLeod |title=According to Tradition: Hagiographical Writing in India |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-3-447-03524-8 |editor1-last=Callewaert |editor1-first=Winand M. |page=38 |chapter=The Hagiography of the Sikhs |quote=Bābā Dīp Singh was a Jat from Lahore district, ... |editor2-last=Snell |editor2-first=Rupert |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrMwdEqHLzEC&pg=PA38}}</ref>
*[[Baghel Singh]], ruler of [[Singh Krora Misl]]<ref name="Bhagat1">{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |date=April 1987 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Ganda |editor-link=Ganda Singh (historian) |title=Rise and Fall of Karorsinghia Misal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rw5DAAAAYAAJ |journal=The Panjab Past and Present |publisher=[[Punjabi University]] |volume=21 |issue=41 |page=21 |issn=0031-0786 |quote=Baghel Singh, a Dhaliwal jat,9 was the resident of Dhariwal which is situated adjacent to Jhabal near Amritsar.}}</ref>
*[[Bhuma Singh Dhillon]], chieftain of [[Bhangi Misl]]<ref name="Rishi">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Rishi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv3-rQEACAAJ |title=State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-075-9 |page=85 |quote=Bhangi ''misl'' was one of the 12 ''misls'' or 18th-century principalities. The founder of the ''misl'' was Chhajja Singh of Panjwar village, near Amritsar, who had converted to Sikhism. He was succeeded by Bhuma Singh, a Dhillon Jat of the village of Hung, near Badhni in the present-day Moga district.}}</ref>
*[[Charat Singh]], founder of [[Sukerchakia Misl]]<ref name="Sachdeva">{{cite book |last=Sachdeva |first=Veena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQkX8OZ65qwC |title=Polity and Economy of the Punjab During the Late Eighteenth Century |publisher=Manohar |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7304-033-7 |page=163}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ9DAAAAYAAJ&q=charat+Sukarchakia+sansi+Jat |title=Extracts from the District & States Gazetteers of the Punjab, Pakistan: Punjab, Pakistan |publisher=Research Society of Pakistan, University of the Punjab |year=1976 |edition=reprint |pages=600 |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref>
*[[Chhajja Singh Dhillon]], founder and chieftain of [[Bhangi Misl]]<ref name="Bhagat2">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |publisher=[[Punjabi University]] |year=1993 |pages=89 |oclc=622730722 |quote=The founder of the Bhangi Misal, Chajja Singh, a Jat, was a native of Panjwar village, eight ''kos'' from Amritsar.}}</ref>
*[[Ganda Singh Dhillon]], chieftain of [[Bhangi Misl]]<ref name="Radha">{{cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Radha |year=1981 |title=The Peasant-Proprietors in the Core Region of the Dominions of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-ptAAAAMAAJ |journal=Journal of Regional History |publisher=[[Guru Nanak Dev University]] |volume=2 |page=24 |issn=0972-3781 |quote=Some of the other Jat chiefs having their possessions in the Rachna Doab were, Jai Singh Kanhiya, Jhanda Singh and Ganda Singh Bhangi and Jassa Singh Dulu.}}</ref>
*[[Gujjar Singh Banghi]], a Sikh warrior and one of the triumvirates who ruled over [[Lahore]] prior to the leadership of [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]<ref name="Sachdeva1">{{cite book |last=Sachdeva |first=Veena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQkX8OZ65qwC |title=Polity and Economy of the Punjab During the Late Eighteenth Century |publisher=Manohar |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7304-033-7 |page=167}}</ref>
*[[Hari Singh Dhillon]], ruler of [[Bhangi Misl]]<ref name="Sachdeva2">{{cite book |last=Sachdeva |first=Veena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQkX8OZ65qwC |title=Polity and Economy of the Punjab During the Late Eighteenth Century |publisher=Manohar |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7304-033-7 |page=17 |quote=... Hari Singh Bhangi, a Dhillon Jat from the village Panjwar near Amritsar.}}</ref>
*[[Heera Singh Sandhu]], founder of [[Nakai Misl]]<ref name="Gupta1">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |author-link=Hari Ram Gupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ |title=History of the Sikhs |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-81-215-0165-1 |volume=IV: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls |pages=270 |quote=Hira Singh, a Sandhu Jat of village Baharwal ... |orig-year=1982}}</ref>
*[[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]], founder of [[Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref name="Gupta2">{{cite book |author=Gupta, Hari Ram |author-link=Hari Ram Gupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ |title=History of the Sikhs |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-81-215-0165-1 |volume=IV: The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls |page=256 |quote=... Jai Singh, a Sandhu Jat of village Kanha Kachha, ... |orig-year=1982}}</ref>
*[[Jhanda Singh Dhillon]], chieftain of [[Bhangi Misl]]<ref name="Radha" />
*[[Jind Kaur]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUhOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism: E-L |date=1992 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-204-1 |language=en}}</ref> Maharani of Sikh Empire who fought two wars against the British<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2017 |title=Maharani Jind Kaur: The last Queen of Punjab who waged 2 wars against the British |url=http://www.inuth.com/india/women-freedom-fighters-of-india/maharani-jind-kaur-the-last-queen-of-punjab-who-waged-2-wars-against-the-british/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=InUth |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Mai Bhago]], Sikh soldier and [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s bodyguard<ref name="Thornton">{{cite book |last=Thornton |first=S. A. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-514890-9 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=Bonnie G. |editor-link=Bonnie G. Smith |volume=1 |page=226 |entry=BHAGO, MAI |quote=BHAGO, MAI (fl. 1699–1708), ... Hers was a family of the Dhillon clan of the ''jat'' ... |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=PA226}}</ref><ref name="Gayer">{{cite book |last=Gayer |first=Laurent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEb8DwAAQBAJ |title=Politique et religions en Asie du Sud: le sécularisme dans tous ses états? |publisher=Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales |year=2012 |isbn=978-2-7132-2323-5 |editor1-last=Jaffrelot |editor1-first=Christophe |editor1-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |page=287 |language=French |chapter=Des « Princesses » chez les « Lions ». Parcours de vie de recrues féminines dans la Guérilla Sikhe (1984-1995) |doi=10.4000/books.editionsehess.22356 |quote=Mai Bhago, une Jat du clan Dhillon, s'illustra au début du XVIIIe siècle en combattant les armées mogholes pour le compte de Gourou Gobind Singh. |editor2-last=Mohammad-Arif |editor2-first=Aminah |trans-quote=Mai Bhago, a Jat of the Dhillon clan, distinguished herself at the beginning of the 18th century by fighting the Mughal armies on behalf of Guru Gobind Singh.}}</ref>
*[[Nawab Kapur Singh]], ruler of [[Singhpuria Misl]]<ref name="Dhavan">{{cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&pg=PA63 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699–1799 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |page=63 |quote=Another important figure was Kapur Singh, a Virk Jat from a family of rural zamindars who became an influential political and military leader.}}</ref>
*[[Ranjit Singh]],<ref name="McLeod2">{{cite book |last=McLeod |first=W. H. |author-link=W. H. McLeod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QhV5AAAAMAAJ |title=Sikhs and Sikhism |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-566892-6 |page=18 |quote=It is obvious that their leadership was largely in Jaṭ hands and eventually it was a Jaṭ misldār, Rañjīt Siṅgh, who secured total ascendancy.}}</ref><ref name="Gandhi">{{cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Rajmohan |author-link=Rajmohan Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhYwnwEACAAJ |title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten |publisher=[[Aleph Book Company]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38-227758-3 |page=137 |quote=Young Ranjit Singh’s willingness to become a king revealed boldness, for it went against his Jat background and against Sikh tradition as well.}}</ref><ref name="Mooney">{{cite book |last=Mooney |first=Nicola |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1B2vdLBizIC&pg=PA77 |title=Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity among Jat Sikhs |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-80-209257-1 |pages=77 |quote=Although the maximum area of Punjab was occupied for only a short period of time under the leadership of the famed Jat Maharaja Ranjit Singh ...}}</ref> founder of the [[Sikh Empire]], known as the “Lion of Punjab” for unifying the [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Misls]]
*[[Sada Kaur]], chief of [[Kanhaiya Misl]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dhavan |first1=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&dq=Sada+Kaur+Jat&pg=PA61 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |date=3 November 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |page=61}}</ref>
*[[Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba]], chieftain of [[Dallewalia Misl]]<ref name="Sachdeva3">{{cite book |last=Sachdeva |first=Veena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQkX8OZ65qwC |title=Polity and Economy of the Punjab During the Late Eighteenth Century |publisher=Manohar |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-7304-033-7 |page=31 |quote=The chief of Phillaur, Tara Singh, was a Kang Jat like his namesake Tara Singh Dallewalia, and had made joint conquests with him.}}</ref>

=== Muslim Jats ===
* [[Ali Mohammed Khan]], founder of [[Kingdom of Rohilkhand]], progenitor of [[Rohilla dynasty]].<ref>Khan, Iqbal Ghani (2002). "Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India". In Barnett, Richard B. (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ Rethinking Early Modern India]. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 271. {{ISBN|978-81-7304-308-6}}. ''"Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership..."''</ref>
* [[Chitu Khan]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gott |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNoz_F_wQPkC&pg=PA220 |title=Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt |date=7 November 2011 |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1-84467-738-2 |page=220 |language=en}}</ref> a [[pindari]] general who played a prominent role in the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War|Third Anglo-Maratha war]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Martine van Woerkens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5HPc_EgwUg8C&dq=chitu+khan+british&pg=PA25 |title=The Strangled Traveler |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2002 |isbn=9780226850856 |page=25}}</ref>
*[[Nur Muhammad Chattha]], founder of Chattha State which resisted the [[Sikh Misls]].<ref>[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.105597/page/n37/mode/1up|Gazetteers Of The Gujranwala District 1893–94]]. Punjab Government. 1895. "The most powerful of the Jat tribes on the Chenab was that of the Chatthas. Under Nur Muhammad they became so powerful that the Lahore government was practically set at defiance."</ref><ref>Singh, Harbans (1995). [[iarchive:TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIA-d/page/448/mode/1up|The Encyclopedia of Sikhism – Volume I A-D]]. Punjabi University Patiala. "The Chatthas were influential Jat landlords... Nur Muhammad, a powerful chief of the clan, resisted Mir Mannu's authority."</ref><ref>Yasmin, Robina (13 January 2022). [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a75XEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40&dq=Chattha+rule&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjSg_-P9ZGNAxWfWGwGHcWlHYEQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Chattha%20rule&f=false Muslims under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Religious Tolerance]. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7556-4034-8.</ref>
* [[Mutawassil Khan]], [[Nawab]] of [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Yusuf Husain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yvi1AAAAIAAJ&q=mutawassil+khan |title=The First Nizām: The Life and Times of Nizāmu'l-Mulk Āsaf Jāh I. |date=1963 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Nagendra Kr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jjNuAAAAMAAJ&q=mutawassil+khan |title=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |date=2001 |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7648-235-6 |language=en |quote=Mutawassil Khan Bahadur Rustam Jang, son of Hifz Ullah, son of Sa'd Ullah Khan Shahjahani}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Awrangābādī |first=Shāhnavāz Khān |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfG1AAAAIAAJ&q=mutawassil+khan |title=The Maāt̲h̲ir-ul-umarā: Being Biographies of the Muḥammadan and Hindu Officers of the Timurid Sovereigns of India from 1500 to about 1780 A.D. |date=1979 |publisher=Janaki Prakashan |pages=647 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Vasant D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zBEBQh41jLgC&q=%22mutawassil+khan%22 |title=Studies in Indian History: Dr. A. G. Pawar Felicitation Volume |date=1968 |publisher=Y. P. Pawar |pages=241 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Muzaffar Jang Hidayat]], third [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beveridge H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.507589 |title=The Maathir Ul Umara Vol-ii (1952) |date=1952 |publisher=The Calcutta Oriental Press Ltd. |pages=647}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Zahiruddin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8W3AAAAIAAJ |title=The Reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |year=1977 |isbn=9780210405987 |pages=227}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=M. A. Nayeem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjJuAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Modern Deccan, 1720/1724-1948: Political and administrative aspects |publisher=Abul Kalam Azad Oriental Research Institute |year=2000 |page=38}}</ref><ref>Sarojini Regani (1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9Fb26pWqhScC Nizam-British Relations, 1724-1857]. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788170221951.</ref>
* [[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Saadullah Khan]], [[Grand Vizier]] of [[Mughal Empire]]<ref name="Nasir">{{cite journal |last=Nasir |first=Habib Ullah |date=July 1992 |title=Tomb of Hazrat Shah Burhan: Its History, Architecture and Conservation Problems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ml5xAAAAMAAJ |journal=Journal of Central Asia |publisher=[[Quaid-i-Azam University]] |volume=XV |issue=1 |page=84 |issn=1016-0701 |oclc=477410900 |quote=Sadullah Khan was the son of Amir Bakhsh a cultivator of Chiniot. He belongs to Jat family.}}</ref>

== Literature and artists ==
[[File:Amrita Sher-Gil 2.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Amrita Sher-Gil]], one of the greatest [[avant-garde]] women artists of the early 20th century]]
[[File:Faiz Ahmed Faiz (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]], Pakistani poet and author of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]]<nowiki/>literature.]]
*[[Amrita Sher-Gil]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vedam |first=Venkatesh |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Puffin_Book_of_100_Extraordinary_Ind/HKdYEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Amrita+Sher-Gil+Jat+family&pg=PT23&printsec=frontcover |title=The Puffin Book of 100 Extraordinary Indians |date=24 January 2022 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-361-6 |language=en |quote=Amrita's childhood was quite eventful. After her eighth birthday, Amrita's father, Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, a Jat Sikh aristocrat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Illustrated_Weekly_of_India/7Wg6AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=amrita+shergill+was+jat&dq=amrita+shergill+was+jat&printsec=frontcover |title=The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=1976 |publisher=Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press |language=en |quote=Jats of Punjab have produced many men of renown. One of the most illustrious was Maharaja Ranjit Singh ( 1780-1839 ). One of India's greatest modern painters, Amrita Sher - Gil, was the daughter of a Jat father}}</ref> one of the greatest [[avant-garde]] women artists of the early 20th century and a pioneer in modern Indian art.
*[[Faiz Ahmed Faiz]], Pakistani [[Pakistani nationalism|revolutionary]] poet<ref>{{cite news|title=His family (poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz family)|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date=11 February 2011 |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/605627/his-family |access-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007093906/http://www.dawn.com/news/605627/his-family |archive-date= 7 October 2015 |url-status=live |quote=Here lived a small land-owning class of Jat farmers, by caste known as Tataley. They addressed themselves as Chaudhry, from which we know that the given name of the poet was Chaudhry Faiz Ahmed. }}</ref>
*[[Qadir Yar]]<ref name="Gaur">{{cite journal |last=Gaur |first=I. D. |editor-last=Bal |editor-first=Amandeep |title=Forgotten Makers of Panjab: Discovering Indigenous Paradigm of History |journal=Journal of Regional History |year=2016–2017 |volume=XXII |page=16 |url=http://researchjournals.gndu.ac.in/History/pdf/CurrentIssue.pdf |publisher=[[Guru Nanak Dev University]] |issn=0972-3781 |quote=... Qadiryar (1802–90) who was born in the village of Machhike, Panjab (now in West Panjab, Pakistan). He was Sandhu Jatt.}}</ref>
*[[Sukhpal Vir Singh Hasrat]]<ref name="Gurcharan">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurcharan |editor-last=Lal |editor-first=Mohan |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Vol. 5: Sasay to Zorgot |year=1992 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1221-3 |oclc=34346396 |pages=4216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g49pzgEACAAJ |entry=SUKHPAL VIR SINGH, 'HASRAT' |quote=SUKHPAL VIR SINGH, 'HASRAT' (Punjabi; b. 1936) was born at Khanewal, now in Pakistan, in a Jat Sikh family of Bajwas.}}</ref>
*[[Jaswant Singh Kanwal]]<ref name="Kaang">{{cite book |last=Kaang |first=Kulbir Singh |author-link=Kulbir Singh Kaang |title=Sujan Singh |year=2003 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-1742-3 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCzuyKHPyJAC&pg=PA16 |quote=Jaswant Kanwal was very proud of being a Jat, whereas Sujan Singh belonged to a backward class.}}</ref>
*[[Kulwant Singh Virk]]<ref name="Lakhmir">{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=Lakhmir |editor-last=Bhattacharya |editor-first=Lokenath |editor-link=Lokenath Bhattacharya |title=Kulwant Singh Virk as a Short Story Writer |journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] |year=1969 |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PoFjAAAAMAAJ |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |jstor=23329191 |quote=Virk himself belongs to a jat family and is conscious of it, and yet he has made no attempt at idealising the jat.}}</ref><ref name="Franda">{{cite book |last=Franda |first=Marcus |editor-last=Franda |editor-first=Marcus |title=Punjabis, War and Women: The Short Stories of Gulzar Singh Sandhu |year=1983 |publisher=Heritage Publishers |isbn=978-0-8364-0936-9 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_o1AAAAMAAJ |chapter=Gulzar Singh Sandhu |quote=Virk's background resembles that of Sandhu and Sekhon to a remarkable degree. ... All three are Jat Sikhs who went on to get Master's degrees in English and secure government-dependent jobs (Sandhu and Virk have worked in agriculture and communications for the government almost all of their lives, Sekhon was a Principal in government aided colleges).}}</ref>
*[[Sant Singh Sekhon]],<ref name="Franda" /> Punjabi writer
*[[Daljit Nagra]]<ref name="Sarika">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sarika |title=Coming next from Nagra's pen: Verses around radio |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Coming-next-from-Nagras-pen-Verses-around-radio/articleshow/49461710.cms |work=The Times of India |date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108134532/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Coming-next-from-Nagras-pen-Verses-around-radio/articleshow/49461710.cms |archive-date=8 November 2020 |url-status=live |quote="... I am from a jat caste and have explored caste issues as they are played out in Britain and how we view India. ..." Nagra says.}}</ref>
*[[Fauji Kavi Mehar Singh]],<ref>{{cite news |title=जाट मेहर सिंह की रचनाएं लोगों को झूमने को करती हैं मजबूर : गजेंद्र फौगाट |url=https://www.amarujala.com/haryana/sonipat/jat-meher-singh-s-compositions-compel-people-to-dance-gajendra-phogat-sonipat-news-rtk638733992 |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=Amar Ujala |date=18 February 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> [[Haryanvi]] language poet and a freedom fighter

==Politicians==
===Politicians of India===
==== Prime ministers ====
[[File:Charan Singh Portrait.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Charan Singh]], former [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] of India]]
[[File:Chaudhary Devi Lal stamp (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Chaudhary Devi Lal|Devi Lal]], former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|deputy prime minister]] of India]]
* [[Charan Singh]],<ref name="Metcalf">{{cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=Barbara D. |author1-link=Barbara D. Metcalf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7UgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258 |title=A Concise History of Modern India |last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas R. |author2-link=Thomas R. Metcalf |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-107-02649-0 |edition=3rd |page=258 |quote=... Charan Singh, who as a Jat became India's first non-Brahman prime minister.}}</ref> former [[Prime Minister of India]]
* [[Devi Lal]],<ref name="Chowdhry">{{cite journal |last=Chowdhry |first=Prem |author-link=Prem Chowdhry |year=2009 |editor-last=Chatterji |editor-first=Joya |editor-link=Joya Chatterji |title='First Our Jobs Then Our Girls': The Dominant Caste Perceptions on the 'Rising' Dalits |journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=43 |issue=2 |page=450 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X07003010 |issn=0026-749X |jstor=20488089 |s2cid=145212783 |quote=... the two chief ministers of Haryana, Bansi Lal and Devi Lal (both Jat by caste), ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Sukumar Muralidharan |date=April 2001 |title=The Jat patriarch |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1809/18091200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315234640/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1809/18091200.htm |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=2 March 2021 |magazine=Frontline}}</ref> former [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]

==== Presidents ====
[[File:Shri Jagdeep Dhankhar 14th Vice President of India.png|thumb|180px|[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]], former [[Vice President of India|vice-president]] of India]]
* [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]],<ref>{{cite web |date=19 July 2022 |title=राजस्थान जाट महासभा कार्यक्रम में उपराष्ट्रपति उम्मीदवार Jagdeep Dhankar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISNO7wnzqG0 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=YouTube |language=hi |quote=Self-identification between 2:56 and 3:02}}</ref> former [[Vice-President of India]]

==== Chief ministers ====
* [[Bansi Lal]],<ref name="Chowdhry" /> former [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
* [[Beant Singh (politician)|Beant Singh]],<ref name="Maini">{{cite book |last=Maini |first=Tridivesh Singh |title=The Politics of Religion in South and Southeast Asia |publisher=Routledge |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-415-60227-3 |editor-last=Ahmed |editor-first=Ishtiaq |editor-link=Ishtiaq Ahmed (political scientist) |page=74 |chapter=Sikh politics and the Indo-Pak relationship |quote=Beant Singh, a Jatt Sikh, was elected as Chief Minister ... |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T8oSfy3GZgC&pg=PA74}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Bhagwant Mann]],<ref name="ABP">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qOv-BNb2vM |title=Quota Bill Is An Election Stunt: Bhagwant Mann, AAP |date=8 January 2019 |language=Hindi |publisher=[[ABP News]] |time=2:27 and 2:31 |time-caption=Comment occurs between |quote=मैं जट्ट सिख बिरादरी से आता हूँ जिसको पंजाब में जाट कहते हैं। |trans-quote=I come from Jatt Sikh community which is called Jat in Punjab. |via=[[YouTube]] |people=[[Bhagwant Mann]]}}</ref> [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]],<ref name="BS16">{{cite news |date=22 February 2016 |title=Hooda not allowed to visit Rohtak |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hooda-not-allowed-to-visit-rohtak-116022200704_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626190112/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hooda-not-allowed-to-visit-rohtak-116022200704_1.html |archive-date=26 June 2016 |work=[[Business Standard]] |quote="I am a Jat. ... " Hooda said. |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
*[[Darbara Singh]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Thukral |first=Gobind |date=21 October 2013 |title=Arrest of Dal Khalsa member Harsimran Singh lands Zail Singh in a tight spot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820215-arrest-of-dal-khalsa-member-harsimran-singh-lands-zail-singh-in-a-tight-spot-771419-2013-10-21 |access-date=12 July 2022 |magazine=[[India Today]]}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Gian Singh Rarewala]],<ref name="Khushwant5">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Sikhs |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |edition=2nd |volume=II: 1839–2004 |page=283 |quote=Gyan Singh Rarewala (b.1901), a Cheema Jat of village Rara in Patiala state, was chief minister of PEPSU; ...}}</ref> former Chief Minister of [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]]
*[[Gurnam Singh]],<ref name="Dalip">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Dalip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58UtAAAAMAAJ |title=Dynamics of Punjab Politics |publisher=Macmillan |year=1981 |isbn=9780836408102 |page=269 |oclc=610329985 |quote=The present Congress Chief Minister (Darbara Singh) and the earlier Chief Ministers (Gurnam Singh, Lachhman Singh Gill and Parkash Singh Badal) have come from the Jat-Sikh community.}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Harcharan Singh Brar]],<ref name="Satindra">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Satindra |title=Akali Bid For Tie-Up With Cong (I) Fails |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/akali-bid-for-tie-up-with-cong-i-fails-338286 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200620205210/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/akali-bid-for-tie-up-with-cong-i-fails-338286 |archive-date=20 June 2020 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |quote=Mr. Zail Singh, it may be noted, is not averse to a Congress (I)-Akali electoral alliance as it would help him ward off the joint attack of three factions led by Mr. Darbara Singh, Mr. Gurdial Singh Dhillon, Mr Harcharan Singh Brar – all Jats – against his supremacy in the Punjab Congress (I).}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)|Hukam Singh]],<ref name="Damodaran">{{cite book |last=Damodaran |first=Harish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJp_DAAAQBAJ |title=India's New Capitalists: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-230-20507-9 |pages=266 |doi=10.1057/9780230594128 |quote=Similarly, in Haryana, except for Bhagwat Dayal Sharma and Banarsi Das Gupta, whose combined tenure lasted two years, all the CMs have been Jat (Bansi Lal, Devi Lal, Om Prakash Chautala, Hukam Singh, Bhupinder Singh Hooda), Bishnoi (Bhajan Lal), or Ahir (Rao Birendra Singh).}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
*[[Kamla Beniwal]],<ref name="Kamla">{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Hamza |date=16 May 2024 |title=Ex-Gujarat governor who had frequent run-ins with state govt under Narendra Modi, Kamla Beniwal no more |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/kamla-beniwal-congress-veteran-tenure-governor-run-ins-gujarat-govt-narendra-modi-dies-97-9331760/ |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> former [[Governor of Gujarat]], [[List of governors of Mizoram|Mizoram]], [[List of governors of Tripura|Tripura]], and former [[Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan]]
*[[Lachhman Singh Gill]],<ref name="Gauri">{{cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Gauri |year=2004 |editor-last=Sabbarwal |editor-first=Sherry |title=Mughal Wazirs as Harbingers of A Socio-Cultural and Literary Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pr_rAAAAMAAJ |journal=Research Journal Social Sciences |publisher=[[Panjab University]] |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=147 |issn=0251-348X |quote="In fact, barring Giani Zail Singh, all the other chief ministers (Justice Gurnam Singh, Lachaman Singh Gill, Prakash Singh Badal, Surjit Singh Barnala, Darbara Singh, Beant Singh, H. S. Brar, Rajinder Kaur Bhattal, and Capt. Amrinder Singh) belonged to the Jat Sikh community."}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Om Prakash Chautala]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Hitender |date=21 December 2024 |title=OP Chautala: Jat strongman and five-time Haryana chief minister |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/op-chautala-jat-strongman-and-five-time-haryana-chief-minister-101734720516539.html |access-date=21 December 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
*[[Parkash Singh Badal]],<ref name="Dalip" /> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Partap Singh Kairon]],<ref name="Tambiah">{{cite book |last=Tambiah |first=Stanley J. |author-link=Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WEKZHVKZ-cC&pg=PA104 |title=Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20642-7 |page=104 |quote=... Partap Singh Kairon, a Jat, who was Congress chief minister of Punjab ...}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Sahib Singh Verma]],<ref name="Jaffrelot">{{cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&pg=PA301 |title=Religion, Caste and Politics In India |publisher=Primus Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-93-80607-04-7 |page=301 |quote=The selection of a Jat, Sahib Singh Verma as chief minister in 1996, ...}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Delhi]]
*[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vinayak |first=Ramesh |date=26 December 2021 |title='People trust SAD for a proven track record of development': Sukhbir Singh Badal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/people-trust-sad-for-a-proven-track-record-of-development-sukhbir-singh-badal-101640465320863.html |access-date=9 July 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> former [[List of deputy chief ministers of Punjab, India|Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab]]
*[[Surjit Singh Barnala]],<ref name="Khushwant3">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Sikhs |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |edition=2nd |volume=II: 1839–2004 |page=339 |quote=Surjit Singh is a Dhaliwal Jat born in the village of Atali (District Gurgaon) in 1925.}}</ref> former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]

==== Union cabinet ministers ====
[[File:Shri Ram Niwas Mirdha (cropped).jpeg|thumb|180px|[[Ram Niwas Mirdha]], former deputy chairperson in the Rajya Sabha and Union cabinet minister]]
List of [[Jats]] who had served in the cabinet of [[Government of India]]
* [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]],<ref name="TP19">{{cite news |date=11 April 2019 |title=Prestige of 3 Ministers at stake in UP |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/india/prestige-of-3-ministers--at-stake-in-up.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129133330/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/india/prestige-of-3-ministers--at-stake-in-up.html |archive-date=29 January 2022 |work=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]] |quote=Ajit Singh, a Jat by caste, is the alliance candidate from Muzaffarnagar and will be up against BJP MP Sanjeev Baliyan, who is a prominent Jat leader.}}</ref> former [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]] and [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Minister of Civil Aviation]]
* [[Baldev Singh]],<ref name="McLeod9">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |author-link1=W. H. McLeod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |edition=3rd |page=57 |quote=BALDEV SINGH (1902–1961). A Jat and an Akali politician prominent in the negotiations for India’s independence.}}</ref> former [[Minister of Defence (India)|Defence Minister of India]]
* [[Balram Jakhar]],<ref name="Alok">{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Alok |date=19 January 2014 |title=Mulayam Singh Yadav trying to don mantle of farmers' leader |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/mulayam-singh-yadav-trying-to-don-mantle-of-farmers-leader-35253.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220305222803/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/mulayam-singh-yadav-trying-to-don-mantle-of-farmers-leader-35253.html |archive-date=5 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |quote=... former agriculture minister and Lok Sabha Speaker Balram Jakhar, a Jat leader, who ...}}</ref> longest serving [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] and former union cabinet minister of [[Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Agriculture]]
* [[Daulat Ram Saran]],<ref name="Shrader1">{{cite book |last=Shrader |first=Lawrence L. |title=State Politics in India |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4008-7914-4 |editor-last=Weiner |editor-first=Myron |editor-link=Myron Weiner |page=380 |chapter=Rajasthan |quote=Two Jat deputy ministers, Kamla Beniwal (Jaipur district) and Daulat Ram Saran (Churu district) announced their resignations at the same time. |orig-year=1968 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VErWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA380}}</ref> former [[Minister of Urban Development (India)|Minister of Urban Development]]
* [[Nathuram Mirdha]],<ref name="Shrader">{{cite book |last=Shrader |first=Lawrence L. |title=State Politics in India |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4008-7914-4 |editor-last=Weiner |editor-first=Myron |editor-link=Myron Weiner |page=349 |chapter=Rajasthan |quote=Of the four other ministers who served in both periods, two were the Jat leaders—Kumbharam Arya and Nathu Ram Mirdha—and the third was ... |orig-year=1968 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VErWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA349}}</ref> former Minister of [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Food and Civil Supplies]]
* [[Ram Niwas Mirdha]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2010 |title=Veteran Jat leader Ram Niwas Mirdha dead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/veteran-jat-leader-ram-niwas-mirdha-dead/articleshow/5514987.cms |access-date=13 July 2022 |work=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> former Minister of [[Minister of Communications (India)|Communications]], [[Ministry of Textiles|Textiles]], [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Health]] and [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Irrigation]]
* [[Shish Ram Ola]],<ref>{{cite news |date=10 July 2021 |title=BJP leader's remarks on Sis Ram Ola lead to row |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bjp-leaders-remarks-on-sis-ram-ola-lead-to-row/article35259491.ece |access-date=30 July 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> former [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Minister of Labour and Employment]]
* [[Natwar Singh]],<ref name="NS">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCbG7tZgev8 |title=पूर्व विदेश मंत्री कुंवर नटवर सिंह का ऐतिहासिक उद्बोधन |date=4 May 2020 |language=Hindi |trans-title= |time=1:06 and 1:08 |time-caption=Comment occurs between |quote=मैं हूँ भरतपुर का जाट ... |trans-quote=I am a Jat of Bharatpur ... |via=YouTube |people=[[Natwar Singh]]}}</ref> former [[Minister of External Affairs (India)]]
* [[Swaran Singh]],<ref name="Talbot2013">{{cite book |last=Talbot |first=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtJcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164 |title=Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-7007-0427-9 |page=164 |quote=Swaran Singh was a Jat Sikh lawyer from Jullundur. He was elected to the Punjab Assembly for the first time in 1946, and at the age of only twenty nine was the youngest member of the Government. |orig-year=1996}}</ref><ref name="Ahmad1">{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Syed Nur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51SsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT176 |title=From Martial Law to Martial Law: Politics in the Punjab, 1919–1958 |publisher=Routledge |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-367-01992-1 |editor-last=Baxter |editor-first=Craig |editor-link=Craig Baxter |page=194 |translator-last=Ali |translator-first=Mahmud |doi=10.4324/9780429049781 |quote=Sardar Swaran Singh (b. 1907) is a Jat Sikh from Jullundur District. |orig-year=1985 |s2cid=242308635}}</ref> former [[Minister of External Affairs]] and [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]

==== Members of parliament ====
List of [[Jats]] who has served in the [[Parliament of India]]
[[File:Hanuman Beniwal in 2024.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Hanuman Beniwal]], founder of the [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]]]
[[File:Shri Chaudary Ranbir Singh Hooda, in New Delhi (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Ranbir Singh Hooda]], Indian independence activist and former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]]]]
* [[Badri Ram Jakhar]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIbQ0INBW3g |title=हनुमान बेनीवाल को लेकर पूर्व सांसद बद्रीराम जी जाखड़ बोलेमें आहूगा खरनाल समाज में बेनीवाल बड़े नेता |date=5 June 2025 |last=YOGI PUKHRAJ |access-date=7 June 2025 |quote=I am born into Jat Community (1:29) |via=YouTube}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Chaudhary Bharat Singh]]<ref name="Ashok">{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Ashok |date=3 November 2013 |title=The twists and turns of Jat politics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/the-twists-and-turns-of-jat-politics/article5308475.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220305233413/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/the-twists-and-turns-of-jat-politics/article5308475.ece |archive-date=5 March 2022 |work=The Hindu |quote=In 1984, the Congress chose Jat leader Choudhary Bharat Singh as its Lok Sabha candidate for Outer Delhi ...}}</ref><ref name="Nangia">{{cite journal |last=Nangia |first=Bimla |year=1985 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harnam |title=Eighth Lok Sabha Election in Delhi: An Analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xxmDAAAAMAAJ |journal=The Indian Political Science Review |publisher=[[Delhi University|University of Delhi]] |volume=XIX |issue=1 & 2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sim_indian-political-science-review_january-december-1985_19_1-2/page/169/mode/1up 169] |issn=0019-6126 |oclc=1586084 |quote=Choudhary Bharat Singh, Congress (I) nominee and Tarif Singh of Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Party, both ''Jats'' of Outer Delhi with rural background contested the Lok Sabha election for the first time from this constituency.}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Gayatri Devi (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Gayatri Devi]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2015 |title=Who's who: Divergence in diversity |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19791130-gayatri-devi-charan-singh-lok-dal-morarji-desai-karpoori-thakur-janata-party-rajinder-puri-atal-behari-vajpayee-harijan-indira-gandhi-raj-narain-madhu-limaye-sheikh-abdullah-818032-2015-01-29 |access-date=25 October 2025 |website=India Today |language=en |quote=Gayatri Devi, 75, was born in a Jat family in Haryana. A devout Arya Samajist, she has been her husband, Charan Singh's, closest companion.}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]], and wife of [[Chaudhary Charan Singh]]
* [[Gurdial Singh Dhillon]],<ref name="Satindra" /> former two-term [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] and former president of [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]
*[[Hanuman Beniwal]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6gnJRy43ixU?si=aAatAGF4-jUJkNiE |title=जाट महासभा के मंच से Hanuman Beniwal ने दूरी क्यों रखी? {{!}} Encounter {{!}} Rajasthan Election 2023 |access-date=29 September 2024 |quote=I am a Jat (0:34) |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] and founder of the [[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]
*[[Jagdev Singh Talwandi]]<ref name="Khushwant4">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9uAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Sikhs |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-567309-8 |edition=2nd |volume=II: 1839–2004 |page=339 |quote=Jagdev Singh, born 1927, is a Gill Jat from the village of Talwandi (District Ludhiana). ... Harchand Singh (1934–85) was a Diya Jat from the village of Gideryani (District Sangrur).}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]], and the [[Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Jayant Chaudhary]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAfGKGmtdWo |title=Jayant Chaudhary Interview With Sandeep Chaudhary LIVE {{!}} जयंत चौधरी से संदीप चौधरी के तीखे सवाल LIVE |language=en |access-date=12 August 2025 |via=www.youtube.com}} at 17:22 (I belong to the Jat community)</ref> [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] and national president of the [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
*[[Kumbha Ram Arya]],<ref name="Shrader" /> [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]] and former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Ram Raghunath Chaudhary|Ram Raghunath Choudhary]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bohra |first=Sanjay |date=13 November 2017 |title=BJP looks for prominent Jat leaders in Rajasthan {{!}} BJP looks for prominent Jat leaders in Rajasthan |url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/131117/bjp-looks-for-prominent-jat-leaders-in-rajasthan.html |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=www.asianage.com |language=en}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
*[[Ranbir Singh Hooda]],<ref name="IT">{{cite news |date=25 October 2019 |title=Dushyant Chautala and Deepender Hooda: Gen-next Jat scions searching for new ground |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/haryana-assembly-election/story/dushyant-chautala-and-deepender-hooda-gen-next-jat-scions-searching-for-new-ground-1612968-2019-10-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025161447/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/haryana-assembly-election/story/dushyant-chautala-and-deepender-hooda-gen-next-jat-scions-searching-for-new-ground-1612968-2019-10-25 |archive-date=25 October 2019 |work=[[India Today]] |quote=... Ranbir Singh Hooda, who was a freedom fighter and an influential Jat leader.}}</ref> [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]] and former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] and [[Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Sanwar Lal Jat]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=जाट और किसान नेता के तौर पर बनी थी सांवरलाल की पहचान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/jaipur/sanwar-lal-jat-was-tallest-jat-leader-in-rajasthan |access-date=25 October 2025 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
*[[Satya Pal Malik]],<ref name="c164">{{cite web |last= |first= |date=5 August 2025 |title=Satyapal Malik, who oversaw Article 370 abrogation in J&K, dies at 79 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/satyapal-malik-death-jammu-kashmir-governor-article-370-career-125080500937_1.html |access-date=25 October 2025 |website=Business Standard |quote=Born on July 24, 1946 in Hisawada village in Uttar Pradesh's Baghpat district, Malik came from a Jat family}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]], and [[Rajya Sabha]], and former [[Governor of Meghalaya]], [[Governor of Goa|Goa]], [[Governor of Jammu & Kashmir|Jammu Kashmir]], and [[Governor of Bihar|Bihar]]
*[[Sona Ram Choudhary]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raj |first=Ansh |date=21 August 2025 |title=Rajasthan Siyasi Kissa: कर्नल सोनाराम चौधरी, राजस्थान के वो जाट नेता जिनके पीछे लाखों ने छोड़ दी थी कांग्रेस... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jaipur/rajasthan-siyasi-kissa-colonel-sonaram-choudhary-shaped-jat-politics-historic-shift-of-lakhs-from-congress/1755752839193 |access-date=21 August 2025 |work=Zee Rajasthan |language=hi}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]
*[[Sumedhanand Saraswati]],<ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2014 |title=सुमेधानंद ने दिया जाट होने का प्रमाण |trans-title=Sumedhanand gives proof of being a Jat |url=http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/news/jat-turned-up-evidence-of-sumedhanand/1136421.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321075825/http://rajasthanpatrika.patrika.com/news/jat-turned-up-evidence-of-sumedhanand/1136421.html |archivedate=21 March 2014 |accessdate=8 March 2019 |work=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi}}</ref> former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]

==== State politicians ====
[[File:Chhotu Ram 1995 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Chhotu Ram|Sir. Chhotu Ram]], co-founder of [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist party]] and a ideologue ]]
[[File:Parvesh Verma in 2019.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Parvesh Verma]], cabinet minister in [[Delhi government]] and former Member of the [[Lok Sabha]]]]
List of [[Jats]] who were active in the state politics
*[[Amra Ram]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsX3K2_NQLA |title='ऊपर राम, नीचे अमरा राम' Rajasthan के Sikar से सांसद Comrade Amra Ram की कहानी. CPIM {{!}} Communist |date=31 July 2025 |last=The Ewer (Chill-Pill) |access-date=14 October 2025 |quote=मैं Comrade हूँ पर Jat के घर जन्म लिया है - At 40:16 minutes |via=YouTube}}</ref> agrarian leader from [[Shekhawati]] region of [[Rajasthan]]
*[[Chaudhary Badan Singh]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=5-time MLA passes away at the age of 97 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/5time-mla-passes-away-at-the-age-of-97-101669911183946.html |access-date=25 October 2025 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |quote=Known also for his contribution to Braj literature, Jat leader Chaudhary Badan Singh had penned at least three books based on Braj literature and had massive information on folk songs sung in marriages in the rural belt.}}</ref> former Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], and known for his contributions in [[Braj literature]]
*[[Chhotu Ram]],<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book |last=Talbot |first=Ian |title=Freedom's Cry: The Popular Dimension in the Pakistan Movement and Partition Experience in North-West India |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577657-7 |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OytuAAAAMAAJ |quote=Chhotu Ram, the leading Hindu Jat politician, encouraged ...}}</ref> co-founder of [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist party]] and a ideologue of the colonial era
*[[Digamber Singh]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deccan Herald - It's king v/s Singh in Deeg-Kumher |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov302008/national20081130103754.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143811/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov302008/national20081130103754.asp |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=25 October 2025 |website=archive.deccanherald.com |quote=Interestingly, all the three main contenders—Vishwendra Singh, Dr Digambar Singh and BSP’s Amar Singh— are Jats}}</ref> former cabinet minister in [[Government of Rajasthan]]
*[[Fateh Singh (Sikh leader)|Fateh Singh]],<ref name="Syan1">{{cite book |last=Narang |first=Amarjit Singh |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Pashaura |editor2-last=Fenech |editor2-first=Louis E. |editor1-link=Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar) |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |page=342 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA342 |chapter=The Shiromani Akali Dal |quote=Soon the leadership of Master Tara Singh (a non-Jat urban Sikh) was replaced by that of Sant Fateh Singh, a rural Jat.}}</ref> leader in [[Punjabi Suba movement]]
*[[Harchand Singh Longowal]],<ref name="Deol">{{cite book |last=Deol |first=Harnik |title=Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab |year=2000 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-20108-7 |page=183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_AMX5RI_YUC |quote=Sant Harchand Singh Longowal (1934–85) was a Jat Sikh whose induction into politics was through the religious network.}}</ref> president of the [[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]] during [[Insurgency in Punjab, India]]
*[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]],<ref name="George">{{cite news |last1=George |first1=Varghese K. |last2=Kaushal |first2=Pradeep |title=Autumn of the Patriarchs |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/autumn-of-the-patriarchs/263284/0 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 January 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220305213045/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/autumn-of-the-patriarchs/263284/0 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |quote=In 1989, Devi Lal invited Surjeet, a fellow Jat, to contest ... |access-date=6 March 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> former Communist leader from Punjab
*[[Harlal Singh]],<ref>{{cite journal |first=J. Richard |last=Sisson |title=Institutionalization and Style in Rajasthan politics |journal=Asian Survey |volume=6 |issue=11 |date=November 1966 |pages=605–613 |jstor=2642283 |doi=10.2307/2642283}}</ref> peasant leader and [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]]
*[[Jagjit Singh Lyallpuri]],<ref name="Gurharpal1">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurharpal |title=Communism in Punjab: A Study of the Movement up to 1967 |year=1994 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |isbn=978-81-202-0403-4 |page=316 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzjlAAAAMAAJ |quote=''Lyallpuri, Jagjit Singh'' (b. 1917–). Sikh ''Jat''; Dist. Lyallpur; ...}}</ref> co-founder of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*[[Mahipal Maderna]],<ref name="a258">{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Bhanu Pratap |date=11 November 2011 |title=Maderna's political career doomed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/madernas-political-career-doomed/articleshow/10686767.cms |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=The Times of India |quote=The doom for Mahipal Maderna springs mainly from his 'not so impressive' hold over even his own Jat community.}}</ref> former cabinet minister in [[Government of Rajasthan]].
*[[Parasram Maderna]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2014 |title=Veteran Congress leader Parasram Maderna passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/veteran-congress-leader-parasram-maderna-passes-away/articleshow/30543205.cms |access-date=26 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |quote=The "saab" of Jat-land is no more. One of the strongest Jat leaders of Rajasthan, 88-year-old Parasram Maderna.}}</ref> former [[List of speakers of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|speaker]] and nine-term member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Parvesh Verma]],<ref name="HT19">{{cite news |date=11 May 2019 |title=Lok Sabha elections 2019: In West Delhi ex-CM's son and sitting MP is in fray against Congress veteran |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-in-west-delhi-ex-cms-son-and-sitting-mp-is-in-fray-against-congress-veteran/story-TB9Gacrd5Ar8YQWAfO42bJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512084009/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-in-west-delhi-ex-cms-son-and-sitting-mp-is-in-fray-against-congress-veteran/story-TB9Gacrd5Ar8YQWAfO42bJ.html |archive-date=12 May 2019 |work=Hindustan Times |quote=Yes, I am a proud Jat, ...}}</ref> cabinet minister in [[Government of Delhi]] and former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
* [[Raja Man Singh (politician)|Raja Man Singh]],<ref name="Rao">{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Hitender |title=Whatever Deeg-Kumher decides, Singh will be king |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-ranchi/20131129/282291023025521 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |id={{ProQuest|1462300590}} |date=29 November 2013 |quote=It is primarily a Jat-dominated constituency and the erstwhile Jat royals Raja Man Singh, his daughter Krishnendra Kaur and Arun Singh have been winning from here for years now.}}</ref> former titular head of [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur state]] and politician
* [[Rameshwar Lal Dudi]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran Rajasthan Congress leader Rameshwar Dudi passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/veteran-rajasthan-congress-leader-rameshwar-dudi-passes-away/article70125512.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=4 October 2025 |access-date=4 October 2025 |quote=Belonging to the Jat community, Dudi was considered a bold and assertive farmer leader who often confronted the authorities}}</ref> former [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition (LoP) in the Rajasthan Assembly]] and Member of [[13th Lok Sabha]]
* [[Vishvendra Singh]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=भरतपुर के जाटों का कहां से है निकास? विश्वेन्द्र सिंह ने खुले मंच से बताया, भगवान कृष्ण से बताया कनेक्शन |url=https://www.patrika.com/bharatpur-news/jats-of-bharatpur-originate-from-vishvendra-singh-told-this-on-the-open-stage-19695776 |work=Patrika News |language=hi |date=24 June 2025 |access-date=24 October 2025 |quote=खुद पूर्व मंत्री विश्वेंद्र सिंह ने 4 जनवरी 2023 को पैंघोर के मंदिर में हुई पंचायत में कहा था कि उनके पूर्वज जाट थे, जाट हैं और जाट रहेंगे। |trans-quote=Former minister Vishvendra Singh himself stated during a panchayat held at the Painghor temple on 4 January 2023 that his ancestors were Jats, are Jats, and will remain Jats.}}</ref> former cabinet minister in [[Government of Rajasthan]], and former [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]]

=== Politicians of Pakistan and USA ===
List of [[Jats]] who had served in politics outside India

==== Pakistan ====
[[File:Feroz Khan Noon.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Feroz Khan Noon]], former [[prime minister of Pakistan]]]]

* [[Feroz Khan Noon]],<ref name="ET_Aug2019">{{Cite news |last=Rajghatta |first=Chidanand |date=28 August 2019 |title=View: Most Pakistanis are actually Indians |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/view-most-pakistanis-are-actually-indians/articleshow/70811241.cms |work=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=5 July 2022}}</ref> former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
* [[Mumtaz Jajja]],<ref name="Dawn">{{cite web|url= http://dawn.com/tag/pml-n-mpa-mumtaz-jajja/|title= Death of MPA|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://archive.today/20130615235605/http://dawn.com/tag/pml-n-mpa-mumtaz-jajja/|archive-date= 15 June 2013}}</ref> former Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
* [[Muhammad Rafiq Tarar]],<ref name="Niazi">{{cite news |last=Niazi |first=M. A. |title=Terms of Reference |work=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] |id={{ProQuest|1785752136}} |date=2 May 2016 |quote=Of course, a lot of Jats are politicians. Ch Shujat Hussain has been PM, and Ch Pervez Elahi Deputy PM. Both are Jats. As is former President Rafiq Tarar. And Ashir Azeem might take heart from the DG ISPR, Lt Gen Asim Bajwa, being one too.}}</ref><ref name="ET_Aug2019" /> former [[President of Pakistan]]
*[[Shahbaz Gill]],<ref name="Dawn1">{{cite news |title=Three held for egg, ink attack on Gill on LHC premises |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1612763 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=16 March 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210701004448/https://www.dawn.com/news/1612763 |archive-date=1 July 2021 |url-status=live |quote=However, during a post-hearing media talk, Gill said he was a Jatt and would retaliate with more force.}}</ref><ref name="PK">{{cite AV media |people=[[Shahbaz Gill]] |date=15 March 2021 |title=Shahbaz Gill talk |trans-title= |language=Punjabi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=994AokgDGi8 |publisher=[[Samaa TV]] |time=2:15 and 2:20 |time-caption=Self-identification occurs between |via=YouTube |quote= |trans-quote=}}</ref> Chief of Staff to former Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]]
* [[Sikandar Hayat Khan]],<ref name="Gandhi1">{{cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Rajmohan |author-link=Rajmohan Gandhi |title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten |year=2013 |publisher=[[Aleph Book Company]] |isbn=978-9-38-227758-3 |page=310 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhYwnwEACAAJ |quote=The Unionists chose Sikander Hayat to succeed Fazl as their leader. A Khattar Jat from Wah, Sikander was a son of the Muhammad Hayat who had served as Nicholson’s aide in 1857 before rising in the ranks of Punjab’s rural gentry.}}</ref> former [[Premier of the Punjab]]
* [[Muhammad Zafarullah Khan]], former [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)]] and former [[President of the United Nations General Assembly]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefridaytimes.com/sir-muhammad-zafarullah-khan-allama-iqbal-london-1930s/|title = Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan & Allama Iqbal, London, 1930s|date = 10 November 2017}}</ref>
*[[Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Philip E. |title=The Pakistan People's Party: Rise to Power |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-579966-8 |page=345 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xliNAAAAMAAJ |quote=In the contest, Nawabzada Asghar Ali (MLA, 1943-1956; MWPA, 1965), the traditional head of the Gujjar Tribes, and QML candidate, was defeated by Chaudhury Zahur Illahi of the CML. The latter is a Waraich Jat by social background and a prominent industrialist by occupation.}}</ref> former Member of [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
* [[Shujaat Hussain]], former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gujratpakistan.com/2010/12/chaudhry-shujaat-hussain.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405132953/http://www.gujratpakistan.com/2010/12/chaudhry-shujaat-hussain.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 April 2011|title=Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain}}</ref>
* [[Sardar Muhammad Arif Nakai]], descendant of the [[Nakai Misl#Nakai Misl Rulers from 1748 to 1810|Nakai misldars]], 12th [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)#List of chief ministers of Punjab|Chief Minister of (Pakistani) Punjab]].<ref>Iqbāl Qaiṣar, پاكستان وچ سكھاں دياں تواريخى پوتر تھاواں, Punjabi History Board, 2001, p.206</ref><ref>Griffin, Lepel Henry (1865). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0ABAAAAQAAJ&q=nakka+misl&pg=PA118#v=snippet&q=nakka%20misl&f=false The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Territories Under the Panjab Government]. T.C. McCarthy.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120318114856/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=35771&Itemid=1 "Associated Press Of Pakistan ( Pakistan's Premier NEWS Agency ) - Punjab's 20th CM to seek trust vote on Friday"]. 18 March 2012. Archived from [https://www.app.com.pk/?option=com_content&task=view&id=35771&Itemid=1 the original] on 18 March 2012.</ref>
* [[Chaudhary Naseer Ahmed Abbas]], member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]], brother of Air Chief [[Zaheer Ahmad Babar|Zaheer Sidhu]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Record number of newcomers enter NA |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2456577/record-number-of-newcomers-enter-na |work=The Express Tribune |date=15 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226072236/https://tribune.com.pk/story/2456577/record-number-of-newcomers-enter-na |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butt |first1=Waseem Ashraf |title=PPP trying hard to secure NA-65 for Kaira |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1811736 |work=DAWN.COM |date=7 February 2024 |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223200813/https://www.dawn.com/news/1811736 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====USA====
[[File:Nikki Haley official photo.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Nikki Haley]], former [[List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations|United States Ambassador to the United Nations]]]]
*[[Nikki Haley]],<ref name ="Nikki">{{cite news | title=Want to open doors for Punjab Inc: South Carolina governor Nikki Haley |date= 14 November 2014 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/nri/us-canada-news/want-to-open-doors-for-punjab-inc-south-carolina-governor-nikki-haley/articleshow/45141760.cms |work= [[The Times of India]] |quote=I am proud to be part of Jat Sikh family }}</ref> former [[Governor of South Carolina]] and [[United States Ambassador to the United Nations]]. Haley is the first [[Indian American]] to serve in a [[cabinet of the United States]].

==Religious figures and saints==
[[File:Kuwar Sa.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Veer Teja]], considered as god of snakes and an incarnation of Lord [[Shiva]]]]
*[[Baba Buddha]], first ''[[granthi]]'' (custodian and reader) of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]<ref name="McLeod">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |author-link1=W. H. McLeod |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |year=2014 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |page=73 |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |quote=BUDDHA, BHAI or BABA (trad. 1506–1631). A Jat from Kathu Nangal, who was originally called Bura Randhava.|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Bhagat Dhanna]],<ref name="Lorenzen">{{cite book |last=Lorenzen |first=David N. |author-link=David Lorenzen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKfHMDht_qYC&pg=PA265 |title=Praises to a Formless God: Nirguņī Texts from North India |publisher=[[State University of New York Press]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-7914-2805-4 |page=265 |quote=Dhannā or Dhanā (c. 1500). ... He was a farmer of the Jāṭ caste from the Ajmer region.}}</ref> a mystic poet and a [[Vaishnav]] devotee.
*[[Bhai Bala]], follower and companion of [[Guru Nanak]] (first Guru of Sikhism) and one of the most revered in Sikhism<ref name="Syan">{{cite book |last=Syan |first=Hardip Singh |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Pashaura |editor2-last=Fenech |editor2-first=Louis E. |editor1-link=Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar) |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |year=2014 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.030 |page=178 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA178 |chapter=Sectarian Works |quote=... the narrator of the ''Bala Janamsakhi'', Bhai Bala, a Sandhu Jat and ...}}</ref>
*[[Bhai Mani Singh]],<ref name="McLeod7">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |year=2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |page=199 |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA199 |quote=MANI SINGH (1673–1738). A Jat Sikh born in a village near Patiala.}}</ref> 18th-century Sikh scholar, warrior, and martyr who compiled [[Sikh scriptures]]
*[[Bidhi Chand]],<ref name="Bhagat">{{cite book |last=Siṅgh |first=Bhagat |author-link= |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |editor-link=Harbans Singh |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |volume=I |year=2002 |publisher=[[Punjabi University]] |isbn=978-81-7380-100-6 |oclc=808441524 |pages=367–368 |edition=4th |entry=BIDHĪ CHAND, BHĀĪ (d. 1640) |quote=BIDHĪ CHAND, BHĀĪ (d. 1640), warrior as well as religious preacher of the time of Gurū Hargobind, was a Chhīnā Jaṭṭ of the village of Sūrsiṅgh, 34 km south of Amritsar ...}}</ref> a devout Sikh of [[Guru Hargobind]]
*[[Dharam Singh (Sikhism)|Dharam Singh]],<ref name="McLeod11">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |author-link1=W. H. McLeod |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |year=2014 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |page=99 |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99 |quote=DHARAM SINGH (1666–1708). One of the Panj Piare. A Jat Sikh who, based on 18th-century Sikh manuscripts, was at least at this time considered to be an avatar of the Jat Bhagat Dhanna.}}</ref> one of the [[Panj Pyare]] (the Five Beloved Ones), initiated by [[Guru Gobind Singh]] during the founding of the [[Khalsa]] in 1699.
*[[Garib Das]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Aijaz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzNoEQAAQBAJ&dq=garib+das+jat&pg=PA143 |title=History of Haryana: Ancient, Medieval and Modern Period |date=25 June 2025 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-93-6344-172-9 |language=en |quote=The famous saint Garibdas was born in 1717 in a Jat family in a village named Chhudani in Jhajjar district}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0puAAAAMAAJ&q=garib+das+jat |title=Journal of Haryana Studies |date=1982 |publisher=Kurukshetra University. |language=en |quote=Garibdas of Chhudani (Rohtak) was the most famous. Born in 1717, he was a Jat by caste.}}</ref> Indian saint, poet, and spiritual reformer from [[Haryana]]
*[[Karmabai]],<ref name="DeNapoli">{{cite book |last=DeNapoli |first=Antoinette Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXKVAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 |title=Real Sadhus Sing to God: Gender, Asceticism, and Vernacular Religion in Rajasthan |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-994001-1 |page=105 |quote=... , Karma Bai was born into the Jāt jātī, ...}}</ref> a devotee of [[Krishna]]
*[[Randhir Singh (Sikh)|Randhir Singh]],<ref name="McLeod8">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |author-link1=W. H. McLeod |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |year=2014 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |page=262 |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA262 |quote=RANDHIR SINGH (1878–1961). A Grewal Jat from Narangwal near Ludhiana ...}}</ref> known for his role in the [[Ghadar Movement|Ghadar]] and [[Babbar Akali movement]]s and for founding the [[Akhand Kirtani Jatha]].
*[[Veer Teja]],<ref name="Murphy">{{cite book |last=Murphy |first=Anne |editor1-last=Mills |editor1-first=Margaret A. |editor2-last=Diamond |editor2-first=Sarah |editor3-last=Claus |editor3-first=Peter J. |editor1-link=Margaret Mills (folklorist) |title=South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-93919-5 |page=596 |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ienxrTPHzzwC&pg=PA596 |entry=TĒJAJI |quote=Tējaji was a Jāt of Karnala near Nagaur, in Marwar}}</ref> considered as a incarnation of [[Shiva]] and worshipped as a deity in northern India

== Rulers of princely states ==
List of notable [[Jats]] during the British era who hailed from royal families that ruled [[princely state]]s
[[File:Bhupinder Singh of Patiala.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala]], Maharaja of [[Patiala State|Patiala]] and a cricket player]]

* [[Ala Singh]],<ref name="Kvanneid">{{cite book |last=Kvanneid |first=Aase J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vsTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT49 |title=Perceptions of Climate Change from North India: An Ethnographic Account |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-367-42143-4 |page=52 |doi=10.4324/9780367822149 |quote="... sometime after 1691, which saw the first king of Patiala rise to power – the Jat Sikh Baba Ala Singh." |s2cid=234094466}}</ref> founder and first [[Maharaja of Patiala]]
* [[Bhim Singh Rana]],<ref name="Ray">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Tripurdaman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boOWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71 |title=Imperial Sovereignty and Local Politics: The Bhadauria Rajputs and the Transition from Mughal to British India, 1600–1900 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-108-49743-5 |page=71 |quote=... resulted in the capture of Gohad and the expulsion of its Jat ruler, Rana Bhim Singh.}}</ref> Maharaja of [[Gohad|Gohad State]], and [[Gwalior|Gwalior State]]
* [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala]],<ref name="Copland">{{cite book |last=Copland |first=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0QKqCA-QHIC&pg=PA59 |title=The Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917–1947 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-521-57179-1 |page=59 |quote=... Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, who as a Jat Sikh ... |orig-year=1997}}</ref> Maharaja of [[Patiala State|Patiala]]
* [[Brijendra Singh]],<ref name="Aron">{{cite news |last=Aron |first=Sunita |date=2 December 2008 |title=Out to pay back a royal snub |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/out-to-pay-back-a-royal-snub/story-Wse4RQWIJyvBXvxyF01t0N.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210713060021/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/out-to-pay-back-a-royal-snub/story-Wse4RQWIJyvBXvxyF01t0N.html |archive-date=13 July 2021 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |quote=... , Maharaja Brijendra Singh, was the last of the Sinsinwar Jats to rule Bharatpur, ...}}</ref> last Maharaja of [[Bharatpur State]]
* [[Faizullah Khan]],<ref>[[Hari Ram Gupta|Gupta, Hari Ram]] (1999) [1980]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ History of the Sikhs]. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.). [[Munshiram Manoharlal]]. p. 11. {{ISBN|978-81-215-0213-9}}. {{OCLC|165428303}}. ''"The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur."''</ref> founder and first Nawab of [[Rampur State]].
* [[Hira Singh of Nabha]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Colin |title=The Raja of Nabha |url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/t/019pho0000015s6u00002000.html |access-date=27 December 2020 |website=www.bl.uk}}</ref> ruler of [[Nabha State]]
* [[Kirat Singh]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Dholpur in 1803 |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?10442 |website=Amrit mahotsav |quote=At the same time, the British also helped the Jats led by Rana Kirat Singh, to win the Gohad region from the Scindias. As part of an arrangement made by the Company, Rana Kirat Singh was given Dholpur and the former took over Gohad. Thus, the Dholpur state was formed and Rana Kirat Singh was declared its ruler in 1805.}}</ref> founder and first Maharaj-Rana of [[Dholpur state|Dholpur State]]
* [[Kishan Singh of Bharatpur|Kishan Singh]],<ref name="Copland1">{{cite book |last=Copland |first=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=squHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |title=State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c.1900–1950 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4039-4707-9 |page=83 |quote=... and Kishen Singh the Jat ruler of Bharatpur.}}</ref> [[List of Maharajas of Bharatpur|Maharaja of Bharatpur]]
* [[Pratap Singh of Nabha]],<ref name="Kuldip">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Kuldip |date=4 August 1995 |title=Obituary: The Maharaja of Nabha |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-the-maharaja-of-nabha-1594697.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513205058/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-the-maharaja-of-nabha-1594697.html |archive-date=13 May 2014 |work=[[The Independent]] |quote=Pratap Singh Malvendra Bahadur was born a Jat Sikh of the Sidhu clan, the son of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh, in 1919.}}</ref> last ruler of [[Nabha State]]
* [[Udai Bhan Singh]],<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Union Public Service Commission Museum |url=https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Museum_Eng_20052022-F_2-end.pdf |journal=[[Union Public Service Commission]] |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> Maharaj-Rana of [[Dholpur State]]

== Scholars ==
* [[Abdus Salam]],<ref name="Abdus">{{cite web |title=Dr. Abdus Salam: The Coffee House of Lahore By K K Aziz |url=https://www.sangatreview.org/blog/2016/08/17/dr-abdus-salam-coffee-house-lahore-k-k-aziz/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524235219/https://www.sangatreview.org/blog/2016/08/17/dr-abdus-salam-coffee-house-lahore-k-k-aziz/ |archive-date=24 May 2024 |work=Sangat Review |language=English |quote=Salam was the son of Chaudhri Muhammad Husain, a schoolteacher of Jhang and Hajirah who belonged to Faizullah Chak near Batala Muhammad Husain was a jat and Hajirah a Kakkezai.}}</ref> Pakistani theoretical physicist who won [[Nobel Prize]] in physics for his [[Electroweak interaction|electroweak unification theory]]
* [[Kahn Singh Nabha]],<ref name="McLeod3">{{cite book |last=McLeod |first=W. H. |author-link=W. H. McLeod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-VKgAAAAMAAJ |title=Essays in Sikh History, Tradition, and Society |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-19-568274-8 |page=183 |quote=Kahn Singh was a Dhillon Jat ...}}</ref><ref name="McLeod4">{{cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=W. H. |author-link1=W. H. McLeod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170 |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4422-3600-4 |edition=3rd |page=170 |quote=KAHN SINGH NABHA (1861–1938). ... Born a Jat, he took his name from the town of Nabha ...}}</ref> Sikh scholar
* [[Piara Singh Gill]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=Piara Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMTZg_jhuEYC&dq=Piara+singh+Gill+Jat&pg=PA6 |title=Up Against Odds: Autobiography of an Indian Scientist |date=1992 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-7023-364-0 |pages=6 |language=en |quote=I was born into an orthodox family of Jat Sikhs, and raised as a Sikh}}</ref> Indian nuclear physicist and first director of [[Central Scientific Instruments Organisation]] (CSIO)

== Musicians ==
[[File:Diljit Dosanjh.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Diljit Dosanjh]], Indian singer, actor and film producer]]
[[File:Mohammed Rafi 2016 postcard of India crop-flip.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Mohammed Rafi]], he is considered to have been one of the greatest and most influential singers of the [[Indian subcontinent]].]]
[[File:Sidhu Moose Wala.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Sidhu Moose Wala]], one of the most influential and successful [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] rappers of all time]]
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]],<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=441139972847177728 |user=diljitdosanjh |title=Vaise Tan I dnt Believe Jaat Paat But .. WT**** ... Mai Backward Ho Geyan 😳😳😳😳😳😳 |author-link=Diljit Dosanjh |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref> Indian Punjabi-language singer
* [[Harrdy Sandhu]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5fuJ8qFOEE |title=Jaani से झगड़ा, Bijli Bijli, Pata nahi Kaun sa nasha, Kya baat hai Song पर Harrdy Sandhu से बात |last=The Lallantop |via=YouTube |quote="Haan mai Jaat Hoon" at 19:55 |date=11 April 2025 |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> Indian singer
* [[Labh Janjua]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chaudhary |first=Swati R |date=29 July 2008 |title='I wasn't aware of the politics in IIFA' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/29labh.htm |access-date=11 July 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Indian Punjabi-language singer
* [[Karan Aujla]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Singer Karan Aujla recalls surviving six gun attacks in Canada, calls Punjab safest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/music/story/karan-aujla-recalls-surviving-six-gun-attacks-in-canada-calls-punjab-safest-2776536-2025-08-25 |magazine=India Today |date=25 August 2025 |access-date=21 September 2025 |quote=Many people in Punjab said that I got scared and went to Dubai. 'He left from there, but a true jatt would have never left' - Jatt toh asli hi hain, konsa nakli hain [I am a true Jatt, who am I then]?}}</ref> Indian singer and rapper
* [[Mohammed Rafi]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Mohd.Rafi's son Shahid Rafi: "Kishore Kumar used to respect my father, they were very…" |date=24 December 2021 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-dyITjhs8g |access-date=19 July 2022 |quote=See 23:20 to 23:30}}</ref> Indian playback singer and musician
* [[Sidhu Moose Wala]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Happy |first1=Harinder |last2=Mogha |first2=Shivam |date=4 June 2022 |title=How Sidhu Moose Wala's celebration of rural life won him legions of fans in Punjab – and far beyond |url=https://scroll.in/article/1025431/how-sidhu-moose-walas-celebration-of-rural-life-won-him-legions-of-fans-in-punjab-and-far-beyond |access-date=11 July 2022 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Indian Punjabi-language singer

== Social reformers and activists ==
[[File:Baba-Mahendra-Singh-Tikait.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Mahendra Singh Tikait]], founder of [[Bharatiya Kisan Union]] and popularly known as ''Baba Tikait'']]
[[File:Stamp of India - 1989 - Colnect 165287 - Baldev Ramji Mirdha - Nationalist - Birth Centenary.jpeg|thumb|180px|[[Baldev Ram Mirdha]], founder of Marwar and Rajasthan Sabha and popularly known as ''Kisan Kesari'']]
* [[Swami Keshwanand]],<ref name="Sisson">{{cite book |last=Sisson |first=Richard |author-link=John Richard Sisson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEnrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |title=Congress Party in Rajasthan: Political Integration and Institution Building in an Indian State |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=1972 |isbn=978-0-520-01808-2 |page=77 |quote=The impetus for social innovation also came from among Jat Sadhus ... A number of these religious leaders were active in the creation of schools and community associations. One, Swami Keshwanand, was instrumental in the founding of the Sangaria School ...}}</ref> social reformer and [[Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]]
* [[Satendra Singh (doctor)|Satendra Singh]]<ref name="Satendra">{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Satendra |author-link=Satendra Singh (doctor) |title=Inclusion, Disability and Culture: An Ethnographic Perspective Traversing Abilities and Challenges |publisher=Springer |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-319-55223-1 |editor1-last=Halder |editor1-first=Santoshi |page=44 |chapter=Perseverance Pays |quote=I was a Jaat! I realized for the first time that caste politics played a very important role in the political scenario. |editor2-last=Assaf |editor2-first=Lori Czop |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_mLTDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44}}</ref> disability activist
* [[Mahendra Singh Tikait]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=deSouza |first1=Peter Ronald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjdIEAAAQBAJ |title=Companion to Indian Democracy: Resilience, Fragility, Ambivalence |last2=Alam |first2=Mohd Sanjeer |last3=Ahmed |first3=Hilal |date=11 November 2021 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-46158-9 |language=en |quote=Under the leadership of a charismatic Jat, Mahendra Singh Tikait, the BKU undertook its first large scale agitation in January 1987}}</ref> distinguished farmer leader and co-founder of the [[Bharatiya Kisan Union]]. He was popularly known as ''Baba Tikait''.

== Sports ==
[[File:Dara Singh 1.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Dara Singh]], former [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and [[actor]]]]
[[File:Virender Sehwag at the NDTV Marks for Sports event 13.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Virendra Sehwag]], Widely regarded as one of the most destructive batsmen ]]
[[File:Yuvraj Singh appointed as Ulysse Nardin watch brand ambassador.jpeg|thumb|180px|[[Yuvraj Singh]], man of the tournament in [[2011 Cricket World Cup]] ]]
[[File:Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Arjuna Award, 2021 to Shri Shikhar Dhawan (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Shikhar Dhawan]], Indian former cricketer, commonly referred as Gabbar and Mr. ICC]]

=== Athletics ===
* [[Krishna Poonia]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Koshie |first1=Nihal |date=12 October 2010 |title=All Jats Night: Discus trio make history |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/all-jats-night-discus-trio-make-history/696038/0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321091119/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/all-jats-night-discus-trio-make-history/696038/0 |archive-date=21 March 2016 |access-date=29 June 2016 |work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> gold medalist at the [[2010 Commonwealth Games]]
* [[Arshad Nadeem]], gold medalist at [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympics]]<ref name="ARY">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wmO2gkzULc |title=Bouncer । Arshad Nadeem । Shoaib Jatt । 14 August 2021 |date=14 August 2021 |publisher=[[ARY News]] |time=11:31 and 11:34 |time-caption=Self-identification as Jat between |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808013942/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wmO2gkzULc |archive-date=8 August 2022 |url-status=live |quote= |trans-quote= |via=[[YouTube]] |people=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tamta |first=Prashant |date=6 August 2024 |title=Who is Arshad Nadeem, the main challenger of Neeraj Chopra in Paris Olympics? |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-who-is-arshad-nadeem-the-main-challenger-of-neeraj-chopra-in-paris-olympics-2024-pakistani-javelin-thrower-3100695 |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=DNA |quote=Born into a Punjabi Jat family in Pakistan's Punjab, he is the third-oldest among eight siblings. Nadeem made his debut at the Olympics at the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were held in 2021.}}</ref>

=== Boxing ===
* [[Vijender Singh]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Piyali |date=18 June 2009 |title='Vijender doesn't think Mallika hot |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life/Vijender-doesnt-think-Mallika-hot/articleshow/4666918.cms |access-date=4 May 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |quote={{translation|..And most importantly, she ([[Mallika Sherawat]]) is also a Jat!..}}}}</ref> bronze medalist at [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Olympics]]

=== Cricket ===
* [[Balwinder Sandhu]],<ref name="Saraswat">{{cite web |date=21 November 2012 |title=Yuvraj is a gift from God: Yograj Singh |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/yuvraj-is-a-gift-from-god-yograj-singh-19925 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200603042502/https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/yuvraj-is-a-gift-from-god-yograj-singh-19925 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |website=CricketCountry.com |publisher=[[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]] |quote=Former India medium-pacer Balwinder Singh Sandhu cracked a few jokes. “... You see, he is a Jat and so am I.}}</ref> member of the [[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983 World Cup]] squad for India
* [[Monty Panesar]],<ref name="Panesar">{{cite news |date=15 December 2019 |title=Being a Jatt, I couldn't talk about my mental troubles: Monty |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/being-a-jatt-i-couldn%E2%80%99t-talk-about-my-mental-troubles-monty-11280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731213955/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/being-a-jatt-i-couldn%E2%80%99t-talk-about-my-mental-troubles-monty-11280 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |quote=On top of that I was Punjabi, a Jatt. |agency=PTI}}</ref> former English cricketer
* [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]<ref name="SET">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UJVqDFfVOLA |title=Taapsee Pannu and Manoj Bajpayee speak about 'Naam Shabana' - The Kapil Sharma Show - 25th Mar, 2017 |date=26 March 2017 |language=Hindi |publisher=[[Sony Entertainment Television]] |time=0:37 and 0:41 |time-caption=Comment occurs between |quote=तुम्हें पता नहीं है ये जाट है, जैसे मैं जाट हूँ ... |trans-quote=You don't know she is Jat, like I am Jat... |via=YouTube |people=[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]}}</ref><ref name="Rataul">{{cite news |last=Rataul |first=Dharmendra |date=4 May 2009 |title=With development as poll pitch, he pulls crowds with Sidhuisms |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/with-development-as-poll-pitch-he-pulls-crowds-with-sidhuisms/454069/0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011210907/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/with-development-as-poll-pitch-he-pulls-crowds-with-sidhuisms/454069/0 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |work=The Indian Express |quote="No if, no but, it's only Jat" — this dialogue from Jo Bole So Nihal comes in handy for BJP's sitting MP Navjot Singh Sidhu, who hastens to add "and vote for this Jat" while campaigning in his constituency.}}</ref> former Indian cricketer and former [[Member of parliament|Member of the Parliament]]
* [[Nitish Rana]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goyal |first1=Samarth |date=4 August 2025 |title=Cricketer Nitish Rana wants Jaideep Ahlawat to play him in his biopic: 'Woh bhi jaat hain, aur main bhi…' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/cricketer-nitish-rana-wants-jaideep-ahlawat-to-play-him-in-his-biopic-woh-bhi-jaat-hain-aur-main-bhi-101754299042050.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=4 September 2025 |quote=I think Jaideep Ahlawat, because woh bhi Jaat hain, main bhi Jaat hoon.}}</ref> Indian cricketer
* [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]]<ref name="PK1">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6mh-SjVQ_0 |title=जाट होने पर गर्व है - प्रवीन कुमार |date=28 December 2019 |language=Hindi |trans-title=Proud to be Jat - Praveen Kumar |time=0:03 and 0:05 |time-caption=Comment occurs between |quote=मुझे गर्व है मैं जाट हूँ। |trans-quote=I am proud to be Jat. |via=YouTube |people=[[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]]}}</ref> former Indian cricketer
* [[Shikhar Dhawan]],<ref name="Ugra">{{cite web |last=Ugra |first=Sharda |date=16 March 2013 |title='I didn't feel I rushed things' - Dhawan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/i-didn-t-feel-i-rushed-things-shikhar-dhawan-625393 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220227205340/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/i-didn-t-feel-i-rushed-things-shikhar-dhawan-625393 |archive-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |quote=Dhawan's nickname amongst his peers is Jaat-jee, which comes from his Jaat heritage.}}</ref> former Indian cricketer
* [[Virender Sehwag]],<ref name="HT City">{{bulleted|{{Cite tweet |author=HT City |author-link=Hindustan Times |user=htcity |number=438212835294707712 |date=25 February 2014 |title=I am proud to be a Jat and an Indian: Sehwag in conversation with @sonalkalra |access-date= |link= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924192158/https://twitter.com/htcity/status/438212835294707712 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |quote=}}|{{cite news |title=Virender Sehwag Appeals To Jat Agitators, Calls For Peaceful Solution |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/virender-sehwag-appeals-to-jat-agitators-calls-for-peaceful-solution-1486873 |access-date=29 September 2022 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=21 February 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220929002620/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/virender-sehwag-appeals-to-jat-agitators-calls-for-peaceful-solution-1486873 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |url-status=live |quote="I appeal to all my brothers to give up violence and present their demands in a constitutional manner. We are saviours, not destroyers," Sehwag, who is himself a jat, tweeted.}}}}</ref> former Indian cricketer
* [[Yuvraj Singh]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Avinash |date=3 August 2017 |title=Jat quota stir: Virender Sehwag, Yuvraj Singh appeal agitators to shun violence |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/jat-quota-stir-virender-sehwag-yuvraj-singh-appeal-agitators-005154.html?story=1 |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=Mykhel.com |language=en}}</ref> former Indian cricketer

=== Hockey ===
* [[Balbir Singh Sr.]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shekhar |date=25 February 2014 |title=Astro turf is very good for Indian Hockey |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/astro-turf-is-very-good-for-indian-hockey-its-just-an-excuse-that-india-has-suffered-because-of-it-its-all-gallery-show/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Indian hockey player and three-time Olympic gold medalist
* [[Pargat Singh]]<ref name="Salam">{{cite news |last=Salam |first=Ziya Us |author-link=Ziya Us Salam |date=11 February 2022 |title=Pargat Singh: 'Anti-Congress vote will be divided' |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/interview-pargat-singh-anti-congress-vote-will-be-divided-in-punjab-assembly-elections-2022/article38323568.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509210154/https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/interview-pargat-singh-anti-congress-vote-will-be-divided-in-punjab-assembly-elections-2022/article38323568.ece |archive-date=9 May 2022 |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |quote=I am a Jat Sikh ...}}</ref> former captain of [[India men's national field hockey team]]
* [[Savita Punia]]<ref name="Saraswat1">{{cite news |last=Saraswat |first=Akshay |date=6 August 2019 |title=This Jat girl, Savita, isn't going to let anything overawe her, whether in life or hockey field! |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/exclusive-this-jat-girl-savita-isnt-going-let-anything-overawe-her-whether-life-hockey-802991 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807000021/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/exclusive-this-jat-girl-savita-isnt-going-let-anything-overawe-her-whether-life-hockey-802991 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |work=[[International Business Times]] |quote=Since Mamta Kharab is a Jat and I am also a Jat, she was talked about in our house.}}</ref> Indian hockey player

=== Shooting ===
* [[Avneet Sidhu]]<ref name="IE20">{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Nitin |date=19 July 2020 |title=Row over Moosewala: Singers should not promote gun culture, says Olympic shooter |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/row-over-moosewala-singers-should-not-promote-gun-culture-says-shooting-olympian-6512543/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719195118/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/row-over-moosewala-singers-should-not-promote-gun-culture-says-shooting-olympian-6512543/ |archive-date=19 July 2020 |work=The Indian Express |quote=I am Jatt Sikh and I am proud of my heritage.}}</ref> Indian [[shooting sports|sport shooter]] and gold medalist at [[2006 Commonwealth Games]]
* [[Chandro Tomar]],<ref name="Devesh">{{cite magazine |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=24 July 2020 |title=Movie Review: Saand Ki Aankh |url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-saand-ki-aankh-36871.html |url-access= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210430130747/https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-saand-ki-aankh-36871.html |archive-date=30 April 2021 |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |quote=The lives of 'revolver dadis' Chandro Tomar and Prakashi Tomar is proof enough of that. ... Coming from a patriarchal jat family, their accomplishments paved the way for women in and around Baghpat to take up the sport.}}</ref><ref name="TBI">{{cite web |last=Raja |first=Vidya |date=4 May 2017 |title=Shooter Dadi: The Story of an Octogenarian Who's Breaking All Barriers With Her Awesome Aim |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/98987/shooter-dadi-chanro-tomar-shooting-uttar-pradesh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509015757/http://www.thebetterindia.com/98987/shooter-dadi-chanro-tomar-shooting-uttar-pradesh/ |archive-date=9 May 2017 |website=[[The Better India]] |quote="I am illiterate and belong to a typical Jat joint family ..."}}</ref> oldest women sharpshooter in the world

=== Wrestling ===
* [[Babita Kumari Phogat]], Indian wrestler and gold medalist at [[2014 Commonwealth Games]]<ref name="Geeta">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5YOf8JAgZI |title=जाट गौरव मार्च में आज बबिता फोगाट अपनी बात रखते हुये । Babita Phogat In Jat Gaurav March । Jat rally |date=19 September 2018 |language=Hindi |publisher= |time=1:12 and 1:17 |time-caption=Comment occurs between |quote=... हमारी जो जाट कौम है वो लड़कियों के बारे में ध्यान जरूर दे ... |trans-quote=... our Jat community must pay attention to the girls ... |via=YouTube |people=[[Babita Kumari]]}}</ref>
* [[Bajrang Punia]], bronze medalist in Olympics and gold medalist at Asian games and Commonwealth Games<ref>{{cite tweet |number=1249562709839851526 |user=BajrangPunia |title=अंतर्राष्ट्रीय जाट दिवस की हार्दिक शुभकामनाएं । मुझे गर्व है मेरे समाज पर जो बुलंदियों को छू रहा है । मैं इस अवसर पर समाज के युवाओं को बुराईयों से बचते हुए आगे बढ़ने का आह्वान करता हूं ।जय जाट🇮🇳🙏🏻🇮🇳 |date=13 April 2020 |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref>
*[[Chandgi Ram]],<ref name="Selvaraj15">{{cite news |last=Selvaraj |first=Jonathan |date=14 December 2015 |title=Who wants to fight this girl? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/divya-kakran-indian-woman-kushti-dangal-wrestler/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215205217/http://indianexpress.com:80/article/lifestyle/life-style/divya-kakran-indian-woman-kushti-dangal-wrestler |archive-date=15 December 2015 |work=The Indian Express |quote=Guru Chandgi Ram and Mahavir Phogat had the advantage of being in positions of power. ... And they were both Jats, who had a say in the ''khap''.}}</ref> Indian freestyle wrestler and gold medalist at [[1970 Asian Games|1970 Asian games]]
*[[Dara Singh]],<ref name="Naik">{{cite news |last=Naik |first=Shivani |date=13 July 2012 |title=A showman who brought wrestling into the spotlight |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-showman-who-brought-wrestling-into-the-spotlight/973828/0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220306000057/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-showman-who-brought-wrestling-into-the-spotlight/973828/0 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |access-date=6 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |quote=... the big-built Jat ...}}</ref> former Indian professional wrestler and actor

=== Paralympics ===
* [[Deepa Malik]],<ref name="IE17">{{cite news |title=Paralympic Deepa Malik appeals to Jats to protest peacefully |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/paralympic-deepa-malik-appeals-to-jats-to-protest-peacefully-4532991/ |work=The Indian Express |agency=PTI |date=19 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222081535/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/paralympic-deepa-malik-appeals-to-jats-to-protest-peacefully-4532991/ |archive-date=22 February 2017 |url-status=live |quote=Being a Jat myself, ...}}</ref> first Indian woman to win a medal in [[Paralympic Games]]

== Criminals ==

* [[Sukhdev Singh Babbar]],<ref name="tribuneindia.com">{{cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010309/main7.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192129/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010309/main7.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> founder of [[Babbar Khalsa]]
* [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]],<ref name="Tambiah1">{{cite book |last=Tambiah |first=Stanley J. |author-link=Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WEKZHVKZ-cC&pg=PA106 |title=Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20642-7 |page=106 |quote=... Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, a Jat Sikh from southern Punjab, ...}}</ref> Sikh militant and jathedar of [[Damdami Taksal]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deol |first1=Harnik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_AMX5RI_YUC |title=Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia) |date=2000 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415201087 |edition=1st |location=New York City, U.S.A. |page=168}}</ref>
* [[Avtar Singh Brahma]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Personal and criminal records of Avtar Singh Brahma {{!}} KEM |url=https://www.khalistanextremismmonitor.org/individual-profile/Avtar-Singh-Bramha |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Khalistan Extremism Monitor |language=en}}</ref> founder of [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]
* [[Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Pettigrew |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab: unheard voices of State and Guerilla violence |publisher=Zed Books |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-85649-355-0 |access-date=19 November 2013}}</ref> leader of [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]
* [[Jagga Jatt]],<ref>{{cite news |title=JattSite.com - ਹਰਦੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਮਾਨ, ਵੀਆਨਾ, ਅਸਟਰੀਆ ਦੀ ਨਿਜੀ ਵੈੱਬਸਾਈਟ |url=http://www.jattsite.com/jatt/jattshkhsiatan/001jsh-jagga-harnek-ghrhuan-nov2005.html |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=www.jattsite.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=पंजाब के 'रॉबिनहुड' की कहानी फिर उतरेगी परदे पर, ये है दमदार किरदार की पूरी शानदार कहानी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/robin-hood-of-punjab-jagga-jatt-biopic-making-is-in-process |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> a 20th-century heroic bandit rebel of [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. He is known as the [[Robin Hood]] of [[Punjab region|Punjab]]
* [[Harjinder Singh Jinda]],<ref name="canada.com">{{cite web |last=Vancouver Sun |first=The |date=6 October 2006 |title=Mother of assassin to be honoured in Sikh ceremony ceremony |url=http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=0100d9dd-ce74-4f2c-8eec-66bcc317c4eb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106220318/http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=0100d9dd-ce74-4f2c-8eec-66bcc317c4eb |archive-date=6 November 2012 |publisher=Canada.com}}</ref><ref name="sikhsiyasat.com">[http://www.sikhsiyasat.com/saheedysmagm.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522022525/http://www.sikhsiyasat.com/saheedysmagm.html|date=22 May 2009}}</ref> militant and assassinator of [[General Vaidya]]
* [[Bindy Johal]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pabla |first1=Manjit |date=2020 |title=The Legacies of Bindy Johal: The Contemporary Folk Devil or Sympathetic Hero |journal=Religions |volume=11 |issue=5 |page=228 |doi=10.3390/rel11050228 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Canadian gangster and drug trafficker
* [[Gurbachan Singh Manochahal]],<ref name="Punjab 2003 346">{{Cite book |last=Punjab |first=Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVTMqlezIrwC&dq=gurbachan+singh+manochahal+rataul&pg=PA346 |title=Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab : Final Report |date=2003 |publisher=Sikh Students Federation |isbn=978-99933-53-57-7 |pages=346 |language=en}}</ref> founder of [[Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan|Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan]]
* [[Labh Singh]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Labh Singh, victim of extrajudicial execution on October 12, 1992 |url=https://data.ensaaf.org/profile/5649/ |access-date=8 November 2025 |website=Mapping Crimes Against Humanity: Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Punjab, India |language=en-us}}</ref> leader of [[Khalistan Commando Force]]
* [[Satwant Singh]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 September 2021 |title=Punjab's dalit conundrum: A look into Sikhs' caste identity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/punjabs-dalit-conundrum-a-look-into-sikhs-caste-identity/articleshow/86607310.cms |access-date=8 November 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> assassin of [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Surinder Singh Sodhi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surinder Singh, victim of extrajudicial execution on April 14, 1984 |url=https://data.ensaaf.org/profile/151/ |access-date=5 January 2025 |website=Mapping Crimes Against Humanity: Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Punjab, India |language=en-us}}</ref> militant and assassin of [[V. N. Tiwari]]

==Others==
* [[Debi Singh Tewatia]],<ref>{{cite news |date=14 September 2012 |title=Mahapanchayat urges Centre to appoint jat judge in SC |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/mahapanchayat-urges-centre-to-appoint-jat-judge-in-sc/articleshow/16390744.cms |access-date=18 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |quote=Justice (retd) Devi Singh Tewatia, who was the chief justice of Calcutta high court in 1988, happens to be the only jat to have become an HC chief justice}}</ref> former chief justice of [[Calcutta High Court]]

==See also==
*[[List of Jat dynasties and states]]
*[[Jat Hindu]]
*[[Jat Sikh]]
*[[Jat Muslim]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Notelist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jats}}
[[Category:Jat|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian people by community]]
[[Category:Lists of Pakistani people]]

Jagannath Temple, Dibrugarh

2026-04-25T09:46:56Z

Notthetag: started a place...

{{refimprove|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Mandir
|name = Shrikshetra Dham, Sri Sri Jagannath Temple
|image = Shrikshetra Dham, Dibrugarh.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Jagannath Temple
|map_type = India Assam
|coordinates = {{coord|27|26|10.9|N|94|55|52.9|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes=
|map_caption = Location in Assam
|native_name =
|country = India
|state = [[Assam]]
|district = [[Dibrugarh district]]
|locale = Khanikar Gaon,
[[Dibrugarh]]
|elevation_m = 25.908
|elevation_footnotes =
|deity = [[Jagannath]]
|festivals = [[Rath Yatra]]
|architecture = [[Kalinga architecture]]
|temple_quantity = 7
|year_completed = 2014
|creator =
|temple_board =
|governing_body = Sri Sri Jagannath Cultural Trust
|website =
}}

'''Srikshetra Dham, Mahaprabhu Jagannath Temple''' is a temple dedicated to Lord [[Jagannath]], located in [[Dibrugarh]] city in the [[Dibrugarh district]] of [[Assam]]. The temple was constructed in 2014 as a replica of the [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Shri Jagannath Temple]] in [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], which is one of the four major shrines of Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sambadenglish.com/exclusive-the-temples-home-to-odishas-lord-jagannath-in-north-east-india/
|website=sambadenglish.com
|title=Exclusive: The Temples Home To Odisha's Lord Jagannath In North-East India
|date=26 February 2018
|language=en|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> This temple stands at a height of 85 feet and is situated near the Mahatma Gandhi Park in Khanikar, along the Dibrugarh-Tinsukia bypass road. In terms of architectural design, the temple replicates the second form of the original Jagannath Temple located at Puri.<ref>http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/epaper.asp?id=dec0614/Page8 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207162213/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/epaper.asp?id=dec0614%2FPage8 |date=7 December 2014 }}</ref>

==History==
The Jagannath Temple's construction began under the supervision of the Sri Sri Jagannath Cultural Trust, and the required five bighas of land were donated by the Bakpara Tea Estate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.traveltechie.com/news/Jagannath-temple-coming-up-near-Dibrugarh-to-boost-tourism-in-Assam/7588|website=traveltechie|title=Jagannath temple coming up near Dibrugarh to boost tourism in Assam|language=en|url-status=live|access-date=27 November 2020|archivedate=5 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205091829/http://www.traveltechie.com/news/Jagannath-temple-coming-up-near-Dibrugarh-to-boost-tourism-in-Assam/7588}}</ref> The trust currently serves as the official guardian and custodian of the institution. In 2014, the Prana Prastha Samaroh was held in the presence of visiting priests from the [[Tirupati Tirumala Balaji|Tirupati Balaji Temple]]. The temple was built by the then [[Governor of Assam]], [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/mdetails.asp?id=nov1014/state053|website=assamtribune.com|title=Governor pays tribute to Dr John Berry White|language=en|access-date=27 November 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Jagannath Temple-Dibrugarh...2.jpg|thumb|Simhadwara,
the main gate of Jagannath temple, Dibrugarh]]
The Jagannath Temple in Dibrugarh is modeled after the Jagannath Temple in Puri and follows the [[Kalinga architecture|Kalinga architectural style]]. The main Shikhar of the temple reaches a height of {{convert|85|ft|order=flip|sp=us}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaziranga-national-park.com/dibrugarh-assam.shtml|website=Kaziranga National Park|title=Dibrugarh Travel Guide|language=en|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Within the temple grounds, there are seven temples, dedicated to Mahaprabhu Jagannath, [[Balabhadra]], [[Subhadra]], [[Shiva]], [[Ganesha]], [[Hanuman]], Devi and [[Navagraha]]. The temple is enclosed by a {{convert|3|m|sp=us|adj=on}} high wall adorned with sculptures depicting scenes from Krishna Leela and [[Puranas]]. Two entrances provide access to the temple, with the main entrance known as the Simhadwara or Lion Gate, characterized by lion portraits on both sides.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

==Transport==
The Jagannath Temple is situated in Khanikar, approximately {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}} from Dibrugarh city along the Dibrugarh-Tinsukia bypass road. [[Dibrugarh railway station]] is approximately {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}} from the temple, and [[Dibrugarh airport]] is around {{convert|12|km|abbr=on}} away.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/city-info/dibrugarh/Tourist-Place
|website=Airport Authority of India|title=Tourist Place
|language=en|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Jagannath Temples outside Puri]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Jagannath}}
{{Hindu Temples in Assam}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Assam]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Assam]]
[[Category:Dibrugarh]]
[[Category:Jagannath temples]]

Kumily Priory

2026-04-24T15:04:55Z

Notthetag: started a pg...

{{Infobox monastery
| name = Kumily Priory
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| full =
| other_names = St Michael's Priory
| order = [[Ottilien Congregation|Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien]], [[Order of Saint Benedict]]
| established = 1987
| disestablished =
| mother =
| dedication = [[Michael (archangel)|St Michael]]
| diocese = [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kanjirappally]]
| churches =
| founder = Fr Zacharias Kuruppacheril
| abbot =
| prior = Rev. Fr. John Kaippallimyalil OSB
| people =
| location = [[Kumily]], [[Idukki]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| map_type =
| coord =
| oscoor =
| remains =
| public_access =
| other_info =
}}

'''St Michael's Priory''', [[Kumily]], [[Idukki]], [[Kerala]], [[India]], is a [[Benedictine]] [[monastery]] of the [[Ottilien Congregation|Congregation of the Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien]]. The monastery was established in 1987 by Zacharias Kuruppacheril, an Indian secular priest. Located on the western slopes of the [[Cardamom Hills]], around 150 km east of [[Kochi]], the monastery is currently home to 13 [[monk]]s and 6 brothers in formation. [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|Prior]] Fr.John Kaippallimyalil is the community's superior.

==History==
The monastic community of Kumily developed in a similar way to [[Agbang Conventual Priory|Incarnation Conventual Priory]], Togo. Fr Zacharias Kuruppacheril, a secular [[Catholic priesthood|priest]] of [[Kerala]], spent 1975-1982 in Germany and Switzerland, studying catechetics and working in parishes. This experience brought him into contact with the [[Ottilien Congregation|Missionary Benedictine]] community of [[Uznach Abbey|St Otmar's Abbey]], [[Uznach]], [[Switzerland]]. Upon his return to [[India]], Fr Zacharias built a school for orphaned and impoverished children in [[Kumily]]. Within a few years, this establishment had grown into a large "Formation Center for Poor and Orphan Boys and Young Men" known as Don Bosco Bhavan. The facilities included a school, workshops, farm, vegetable gardens, and orchards.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sieber, OSB|first=Gottfried|title=The Benedictine Congregation of St. Ottilien|year=1992|publisher=EOS Verlag|location=St. Ottilien|isbn=3-88096-645-1|pages=111}}</ref>

Among those who worked with Fr Zacharias at Don Bosco Bhavan were a number of young men who had an interest in [[monasticism|religious life]]. Fr Zacharias encouraged them to attend daily [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] and pray the [[Liturgy of the Hours|Divine Office]] with him. For those who joined the community working at the orphanage, a daily routine of communal and private prayer, shared meals, and recreation became important. By 1989, three such young men expressed a desire to lead this life permanently. Fr Zacharias realized that such an endeavor would necessitate the guidance of an established [[religious organization|religious community]]. With this in mind, he turned to the [[Ottilien Congregation|Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sieber, OSB|title=The Benedictine Congregation|year=1992|location=St. Ottilien|pages=111}}</ref>

In December 1988, Fr Zacharias wrote to Abbot Ivo Auf der Maur of [[Uznach Abbey|St Otmar's Abbey]], Uznach, Switzerland, explaining his intention to start a [[Order of Saint Benedict|Benedictine]] community in Kumily. Fr Zacharias believed that the particular charism of the [[Ottilien Congregation|Missionary Benedictines]] would complement the foundation he planned to establish. The Council of the Congregation discussed Fr Zacharias' proposal. In early 1990, Archabbot [[Notker Wolf]], accompanied by [[Abbot]] Stephan Schröer of Königsmünster and Fr Basil Doppenfeld, visited Kumily. The visit resulted in the decision that St Michael Benedictine Hermitage should be developed as a pre-foundation of the Congregation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sieber, OSB|title=The Benedictine Congregation|year=1992|location=St. Ottilien|pages=111–112}}</ref>

The Council of the Congregation charged Abbot Schröer with the task of assisting the Kumily community in their quest to establish a Benedictine monastery. In guidelines drawn up on May 10, 1990, the Council recommended that Kumily should remain a pre-foundation for four years. Under the guidance of Fr Zacharias, monastic candidates would be trained in the traditions of the Missionary Benedictines.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sieber, OSB|title=The Benedictine Congregation|year=1992|location=St. Ottilien|pages=112}}</ref> In 1994, the Kumily monastery was canonically erected as a ''domus religiosa''. This year also saw the foundation of St Michael's Retreat Center. In 2001, the monastery was raised to the status of a simple priory. The community was incorporated into the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church|Syro-Malabar rite]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Monastery History|url=http://www.benedictineskumily.in/History.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217212838/http://www.benedictineskumily.in/History.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 17, 2013|accessdate=10 September 2012}}</ref>

==Apostolate==
The monks of St Michael Priory continue to administer Don Bosco Bhavan, the [[orphanage]] school that inspired the formation of the Benedictine community.

The monastic community also runs St Michael Retreat Center (founded in 1994) and Theo Farm.<ref>{{cite web|title=Monastery Departments|url=http://www.benedictineskumily.in/History.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217212838/http://www.benedictineskumily.in/History.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 17, 2013|accessdate=10 September 2012}}</ref>

==Dependencies==
At this time, Kumily Priory does not have any [[Dependency (religion)|dependent houses]].

==Personnel==
As of May 18, 2011, the monastic community of Kumily included eight monks in [[solemn vow|perpetual vows]], five of them ordained. Some of these monks are on assignment at other monasteries of the [[Ottilien Congregation|Congregation]]. There are also two brothers in temporal vows, and one [[novitiate|novice]] monk.

Fr Joseph Puthenpurayil became Prior of the community on March 14, 2004, succeeding the monastery's founder, Fr Zacharias Kuruppacheril.<ref>{{cite web|title=Monastery History|url=http://www.benedictineskumily.in/History.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217212838/http://www.benedictineskumily.in/History.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 17, 2013|accessdate=10 September 2012}}</ref> The Prior is assisted in his duties by Fr Nirmal Kanjooparampil, subprior.<ref>{{cite book|title=Schematismus|year=2011|location=St Ottilien|pages=52}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Ottilien Congregation|Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien]]
*[[Order of Saint Benedict]]
*[[Catholic Church in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Godfrey Sieber, OSB, ''The Benedictine Congregation of Saint Ottilien'', St Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 1992. pp 110–112

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20130217220129/http://www.benedictineskumily.in/index.htm Official site (English)]
* [http://www.inkamana.org/ohio/kumily.htm Photographs]

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

{{morecat|date=April 2026}}
[[Category:Asian Monasteries of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien]]

Bishan Lal Saini

2026-04-23T07:43:40Z

Notthetag: Added Stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bishan Lal Saini
| office = Member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Radaur Assembly constituency|Radaur]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| successor = [[Shyam Singh Rana]]
| constituency1 = [[Radaur Assembly constituency|Radaur]]
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 = 2014
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Lok Dal]]
| birth_name = Bishan Saini
| birth_date = 1954
| birth_place = [[Radaur]], [[Haryana]], India
}}

'''Bishan Lal Saini''' (born 1954) is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a former member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[Radaur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radaur Constituency Election Results 2019: Radaur Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/radaur |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Radaur Election Results 2019 Live Updates (रादौर): Bishan Lal of Congress Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/radaur-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2356367.html |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He was nominated again to contest the Radaur seat by the [[Indian National Congress]] but lost to BJP candidate [[Shyam Singh Rana]] by a margin of 13,132 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Will carry forward development works in Radaur": Congress' Bishan Saini on Haryana assembly polls |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/will-carry-forward-development-works-in-radaur-congress-bishan-saini-on-haryana-assembly-polls20240907081726/ |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Saini was born to Sukh Ram Saini in [[Radaur]], [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bishan Lal(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- RADAUR(YAMUNANAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=http://www.myneta.info/haryana2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=8119 |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He is a graduate in Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery from Shri Mast Nath Ayurvedic College, [[Rohtak]] in 1977 under [[Maharshi Dayanand University|Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Saini wlost the [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]. Previously, Saini won the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=कांग्रेस विधायक धर्म सिंह छौक्कर और बिशन लाल सैनी को पार्टी आलाकमान से मिली नई जिम्मेदारी - mobile |url=https://haryana.punjabkesari.in/haryana/news/congress-mla-dharam-chhaukkar-and-bisan-lal-saini-got-new-responsibility-1665686 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radaur Election Result 2019: Radaur Assembly Election 2019 Results Radaur Vidhan Sabha MLA Result |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/haryana-assembly-election-2019/radaur-election-results-22_2193.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-27 |title=Radaur MLA receives threat call, FIR registered |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/radaur-mla-receives-threat-call-fir-registered/story-nEcQsbp2Pt2gTDUuL4ovhP.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Radaur Assembly Election Result 2019 Live {{!}} Assembly Elections 2019 News and Result Updates |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/haryana-assembly-election-result-2019/radaur-election-result-2019-s07a010 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en-US}}</ref> He polled 54,087 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Karan Dev of the Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 2,541 votes. Earlier, he became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Jagadhri Assembly constituency]] representing [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/congress-vouches-for-sitting-mlas-at-sadhaura-radaur/</ref> Later, he won the [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] from Radaur Assembly constituency representing the [[Indian National Lok Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishan Lal Saini(Indian National Lok Dal(INLD)):Constituency- Radaur(YAMUNANAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/ha2009/candidate.php?candidate_id=288 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saini, Bishan Lal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Indian National Lok Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Haryana]]

Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani

2026-04-19T01:59:01Z

Notthetag: Added Entry

{{Short description|Indian physician (born 1976)}}
{{family name hatnote|Pemmasani|lang=Telugu}}
{{COI|date=May 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = '''[[Physician|Dr.]]'''
| name = Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani
| image = The Minister of State for Rural Development and Communications, Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani (cropped).jpg
| alma_mater = Internal Medicine Residency([[Geisinger Medical Center]]) [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|M.B.B.S.]] ([[Osmania Medical College]])
| office = 28th [[Minister of Communications (India)|Union Minister of State for Communications]]
| term_start = 10 June 2024
| minister = [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]
| predecessor = [[Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan]]
| successor =
| office1 = 28th [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Union Minister of State for Rural Development]]
| term_start1 = 10 June 2024
| alongside1 = [[Kamlesh Paswan]]
| minister1 = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
| predecessor1 = [[Faggan Singh Kulaste]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency2 = [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur, Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 4 June 2024
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Galla Jayadev]]
| successor2 =
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|03|07}}
| birth_place = [[Burripalem]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| father = Sambasiva Rao Pemmasani
| mother = Suvarchala Pemmasani
| spouse = {{marriage|Dr. Sri Ratna Koneru|2001}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Member Detail|url=https://sansad.in/ls/members|website=sansad.in/ls|access-date=2024-07-13|language=en}}</ref>
| children = 2
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Physician]]|[[politician]]|CEO of Uworld}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.drpemmasani.com/}}
}}

'''Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani''' (born 7 March 1976) is an Indian physician (by profession) and politician currently serving as the 28th Minister of State for [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Rural Development]] and [[Minister of Communications (India)|Communications]] since June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=TDP's Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani, the richest Lok Sabha MP, gets Ministry of Rural Development and Communications |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tdps-chandra-sekhar-pemmasani-the-richest-lok-sabha-mp-gets-ministry-of-rural-development-and-communications-101717944954458.html}}</ref> He was elected as a [[Member of parliament]] to the [[18th Lok Sabha]] from [[Guntur]] [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Lok Sabha constituency]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He won the Indian general election, 2024 as a [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024, Parliamentary Constituency 13 - Guntur (Andhra Pradesh)|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0113.htm|website=Election Commission of India|date=2024-06-05|access-date=2024-06-04|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Businessmen {{!}} In august company">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=13 July 2024 |title=Businessmen {{!}} In august company |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807175452/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-businessmen-in-august-company-2565840-2024-07-13 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Pemmasani was born on 7 March 1976<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=పెమ్మసాని చంద్రశేఖర్: బాల్యం, విద్యాభ్యాసం, వ్యక్తిగత జీవితం, రాజకీయ ప్రస్థానం|trans-title=Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar biography|url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/andhra-pradesh/pemmasani-chandrasekhar-biography-childhood-family-education-political-life-net-worth-key-facts-krj-sb6zj3|website=www.telugu.asianetnews.com|access-date=2024-05-26|language=te}}</ref> at [[Burripalem]], [[Guntur district]] in present-day Andhra Pradesh in an agricultural family to Pemmasani Sambasiva Rao and his wife Suvarchala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/dr.-chandra-sekhar-pemmasani-76906.html|website=One India}}</ref> He has a brother named Ravi Shankar Pemmasani. Although he was born in [[Burripalem]], he spent some time in his childhood in [[Narasaraopet]] because of his father's hotel business.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Pemmasani Chandrasekhar: From an NRI to Union MoS|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/dr-pemmasani-chandrasekhar-from-an-nri-to-union-mos-883736?infinitescroll=1|website=The Hans India}}</ref> He completed his 10th class in 1991 and his intermediate in 1993. With aspirations to become a doctor, he secured 27th rank in the [[Engineering Agricultural and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test|EAMCET]] in 1993–94 and obtained a seat at [[Osmania Medical College]] in [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Meet Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar, NRI Doctor-Turned-Politician And The Richest Candidate In Lok Sabha Elections 2024 With Rs 5,785,00,00,000 Worth Family Assets |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/industry/meet-pemmasani-chandra-sekhar-nri-doctor-turned-politician-and-the-richest-candidate-in-lok-sabha-elections-2024-with-rs-57850000000-worth-family-assets-article-109525682|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=2024-04-23|access-date=2024-05-26|language=en}}</ref>

He finished his postgraduate training in internal medicine at [[Geisinger Medical Center]] in [[Danville, Pennsylvania]]. In the course of his postgraduate training, he served as the representative of Pennsylvania in a national medical knowledge competition for two consecutive years. Subsequently, he served as an attending physician at [[Johns Hopkins University]] and [[Sinai Hospital (Maryland)|Sinai Hospital]] for approximately five years, teaching residents and medical students.<ref name=":8"/>

Pemmasani is the founder and CEO of UWorld, a [[test preparation]] company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandra S. Pemmasani, M.D. Founder & Chief Executive Officer|url=https://www.uworld.com/teams.aspx|date=2024-06-09|access-date=|language=en}}</ref>

==Social activities==
Pemmasani contributed to the provision of free [[potable water]] to residents of the [[Palnadu]] region in [[Andhra Pradesh]], within the [[Guntur district]]. He provided funding for educational support for children and adults, and has contributed charitably to local community entities.<ref>{{Cite web |title= NRI Dr Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar gears up to contest Lok Sabha elections from Guntur|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nri-dr-pemmasani-chandrasekhar-gears-up-to-contest-lok-sabha-elections-from-guntur/articleshow/107695266.cms|website=Times of India|date=2024-02-14|access-date=2024-07-13|language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
Pemmasani's father, Sambasivarao, was fond of [[N.T. Rama Rao]]. Due to this connection, he joined the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. He later served as the Deputy Chairman of [[Narasaraopet]] town. Following his father's involvement in politics, Pemmasani also joined the same party. He admired [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] greatly. When Naidu became [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]], Pemmasani actively participated in organizing events held in the [[United States|US]] during his visits.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Meet TDP's Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani, The Richest Lok Sabha Candidate|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-is-tdps-chandra-sekhar-pemmasani-the-richest-lok-sabha-candidate-5521239|date=2024-04-26|access-date=2024-07-13|language=en}}</ref> In 2014 and 2019, Pemmasani attempted to secure a [[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]] [[Lok Sabha]] ticket from [[Telugu Desam Party]]. However, due to the opportunity given to the former [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[Rayapati Sambasiva Rao]], he withdrew for a considerable period.<ref name=":1"/>

He ran in the [[2024 Indian general election]] from [[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency]] as a [[Telugu Desam Party]] candidate,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha 2024|url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=5106|website=www.myneta.info|access-date=2024-05-26|language=en}}</ref> and won with 344,695 votes,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=Guntur, Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 Highlights: Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani Wins by 344695 Votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/guntur-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-updates-clse-2547599-2024-06-04 |website=India Today}}</ref> succeeding former member [[Galla Jayadev]] who had announced he was taking a break from politics in January 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-01-28 |title=TDP MP Galla Jayadev announces break from full-time politics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-mp-galla-jayadev-announces-break-from-full-time-politics/article67785997.ece |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Election statistics==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! Year
! Contested For
! colspan="2" | Party
! Constituency
! Opponent
! Votes
! Margin
! Result
|- style="text-align: center;"
|1
|[[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|2024]]
|[[Lok Sabha]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Guntur Lok Sabha constituency|Guntur]]
|[[Kilari Venkata Rosaiah]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha elections: Who is Dr Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani? The richest candidate in fourth phase|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/lok-sabha-elections-who-is-dr-chandra-sekhar-pemmasani-the-richest-candidate-in-fourth-phase-update-2024-05-07-930009|website=www.indiatvnews.com|date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-26|language=en}}</ref> ([[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]])
|8,64,948
|3,44,695
|{{Won}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Third Modi ministry]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pemmasani, Chandra Sekhar}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:Union ministers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]

Kodad Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:47:15Z

Notthetag: started new details...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kodad
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (90-Kodad highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Kodad Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| established = 1978
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Suryapet district|Suryapet]]
| electors = 2,25,714
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy.jpg
| constituency_no = 90
| loksabha_cons = [[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency|Nalgonda]]
}}

'''Kodad Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of the [[Telangana]], [[India]]. It is one of four constituencies in [[Suryapet district]]. It consists of six [[mandals]]. It is part of [[Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency]].

The current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] is '''Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy''' of Indian National Congress,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/GE_2014/(GE,%202014)%20-%20DUE%20Constitution%20(APLA_ELECTED%20List).pdf | title=The Andhra Pradesh Gazette | date=20 May 2014 | accessdate=7 December 2021 }}</ref> who won by 58,172 votes in 2023 State Assembly General elections held on 30 November.

== Mandals ==
After the recent [[Delimitation Commission of India|delimitation]], Kodad Assembly Constituency comprises the following Mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Kodad]]
|-
| [[Mothey]]
|-
| [[Nadigudem]]
|-
| [[Munagala]]
|-
| [[Chilkur, Nalgonda district|Chilkur]]
|-
| [[Ananthagiri, Suryapet District|Ananthagiri]]
|-
|}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Term !! Name !! colspan=2|Party
|-
|2023-|| [[N. Padmavathi Reddy|Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]]|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2018-2023|| [[Bollam Mallaiah Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|2014-2018|| [[Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2009–2014|| Venepalli Chander Rao || {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2004–2009|| rowspan="2"|[[Nalamada Uttam Kumar Reddy]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1999–2004||
|-
| 1994–1999|| rowspan="3"|Venepalli Chander Rao || {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| 1989–1994||
|-
| 1985–1989||
|-
| 1983–1985|| Veerapalli Laxminarayana Rao
|-
| 1978–1983|| Akkiraju Vasudeva Rao || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/telangana/assembly-constituencies/kodad.html |title=Kodad (Telangana) Assembly Constituency Elections Results, Candidate Lists, Localities, Current MLA |publisher=Elections.in |date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Kodad}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]]
| votes = 1,25,783
| percentage = 60.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Bollam Mallaiah Yadav]]|votes=67,611|percentage=32.35|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Pillutla Srinivas|votes=3,369|percentage=1.61|change=}} {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jana Sena Party|candidate=Mekala Satheesh Reddy|votes=2,151|percentage=1.03|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Mattapalli Saidulu|votes=1,195|percentage=0.57|change=}}{{Election box candidate|party=Alliance of Democratic Reforms Party|candidate=Shekuri Mallaiah|votes=1,044|percentage=0.50|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Kollu Lakshminarayana Rao|votes=1,009|percentage=0.48|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Inugurti Venkata Ramana|votes=918|percentage=0.44|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=887|percentage=0.42|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=58,172|percentage=27.84|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=2,08,992|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodad}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Bollam Mallaiah Yadav]]
| votes = 89,115
| percentage = 45.96%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]]
| votes = 88,359
| percentage = 45.57%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Anji Yadav
| votes = 5,240
| percentage = 2.70
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| candidate = Burri Sriramulu
| votes = 3,381
| percentage = 1.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 1,240
| percentage = 0.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 756
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,93,888
| percentage = 89.44%
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodad<ref>[http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/61/34817/239 Kodad Results]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Nalamada Padmavathi Reddy]]
| votes = 81,966
| percentage = 45.4%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = Bollam Mallaiah Yadav
| votes = 68,592
| percentage = 38.0%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = Kanmantha Reddy Shashidhar Reddy
| votes = 5,404
| percentage = 7.4%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 13,374
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,81,326
| percentage = 85.0%
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodad<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/27/30501/205 |title= IndiaVotes | India's largest election database|website=www.indiavotes.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111154641/https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/details/27/30501/205 |archive-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party =Telugu Desam Party
| candidate =Chander Rao Vanepally
| votes =64,742
| percentage =39.47%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Md. Mahaboob Jani
|votes =54,918
| percentage =33.48%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Praja Rajyam Party
| candidate = Gagadam Sudhakar Rao
| votes = 21,839
| percentage =13.31%
| change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kodad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|17.00|79.96|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Suryapet district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Faridpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:34Z

Notthetag: Added Info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Faridpur
| map_image = 122-Faridpur.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency|Aonla]]
| constituency_no = 122
| district = [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]
| reservation = SC
| mla = '''Vacant'''
| party =
| latest_election_year =
| electors = 267,792 (2012)
}}
'''Faridpur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956.<ref name="DPACO (1956)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=13 December 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-56-DCI.pdf}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 122 and is reserved for candidates from the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled caste]] community.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 13 December 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/faridpur.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Faridpur Assembly constituency is Faridpur Tehsil.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 01 || [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || - || - || Mar-1952 || Mar-1957 || 1,849 || Constituency not in existence || <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 02 || rowspan="2" | [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Sunder Lal || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]] || rowspan="2" | Apr-1957 || rowspan="2" | Mar-1962 || rowspan="2" | 1,800 || rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | <ref name=" 1957 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Nathu Singh
|-
| 03 || [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Hem Raj || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || Mar-1962 || Mar-1967 || 1,828 || - ||<ref name=" 1962 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 04 || [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || O. P. Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1967 || Apr-1968 || 402 || - || <ref name=" 1967 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 05 || [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]] || Rajeshwar Singh || rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]] || Feb-1969 || Mar-1974 || 1,832 || - || <ref name=" 1969 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 06 || [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]] || Hem Raj || Mar-1974 || Apr-1977 || 1,153 || - || <ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 07 || [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Siyaram Sagar]] || [[Janata Party]] || Jun-1977 || Feb-1980 || 969 || - || <ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 08 || [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || Nand Ram || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Jun-1980 || Mar-1985 || 1,735 || - || <ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 09 || [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]] || Nathu Lal Vikal || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1985 || Nov-1989 || 1,725 || - || <ref name=" 1985 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Siyaram Sagar]] || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || Dec-1989 || Apr-1991 || 488 || - || <ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]] || Nand Ram || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Jun-1991|| Dec-1992 || 533 || - || <ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Siyaram Sagar]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Dec-1993|| Oct-1995 || 693 || - || <ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || Nand Ram || rowspan="2" | [[Samajwadi Party]] || Oct-1996 || May-2002 || 1,967 || - || <ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Siyaram Sagar]] || Feb-2002 || May-2007 || 1,902 || - || <ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 15 || [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || Vijay Pal Singh || [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || May-2007 || Mar-2012 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Siyaram Sagar]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Mar-2012 || Mar 2017 || - || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=13 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 17 || [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2"|[[Shyam Bihari Lal]]|| rowspan="2"|[[Bhartiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Mar-2022 || - || - ||
|-
| 18 || [[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mar-2022 || Jan 2026 || || ||
|-
|}

==Election results==

===2026 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 elections in India#State Legislative Assembly by-elections|2026 by-election]]: [[Faridpur, Uttar Pradesh|Faridpur]]
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Samajwadi Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Faridpur<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Lal|Prof. Dr. Shyam Bihari Lal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:92070}}
|percentage = 45.22
|change = {{increase}}1.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vijay Pal Singh
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:89149}}
|percentage = 43.78
|change = {{increase}}12.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shalini Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:14478}}
|percentage = 7.11
|change = {{decrease}}12.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1532}}
|percentage = 0.75
|change = {{decrease}}0.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:2921}}
|percentage = 1.44
|change = {{decrease}}11.56
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:203607}}
|percentage = 62.06
|change = {{increase}}0.11
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Faridpur<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Shyam Bihari Lal|Prof. Dr. Shyam Bihari Lal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:83656}}
|percentage = 43.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Siyaram Sagar|Dr. Siya Ram Sagar]]
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:58935}}
|percentage = 30.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vijay Pal Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:37680}}
|percentage = 19.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Poonam Sen
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:3075}}
|percentage = 1.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shalini Singh
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:1927}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1831}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:24721}}
|percentage = 13.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:190209}}
|percentage = 61.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
16th Vidhan Sabha: 2012 General Elections
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Faridpur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Siaram Sagar]]
|votes = 60,837
|percentage = 35.09
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shyam Bihari
|votes = 44,050
|percentage = 25.41
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vijay Pal Singh
|votes = 36,244
|percentage = 20.91
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 9 candidates
|votes = 32,220
|percentage = 18.59
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 16,787
|percentage = 9.68
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 173,351
|percentage = 64.73
|change = -
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref name=" 2012 Election Results "/>

==See also==
*[[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Bareilly district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Bareilly district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Shiggaon Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:35:07Z

Notthetag: Page

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Shiggaon
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 83
| map_image = 83-Shiggaon constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Haveri district|Haveri]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency|Dharwad]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:226226}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Yasir Ahmed Khan Pathan]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year =
| preceded_by = [[Basavaraj Bommai]]
}}

'''Shiggaon Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |access-date= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Haveri district]], and a segment of [[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Patil Rudgragouda Chanbasangouda || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Fakkirappa Shiddappa Taware
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[S. Nijalingappa]]
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="3" | Nadaf Mohammed Kasimsab Mardansab
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Neelakanthagouda Veeranagouda Patil || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan="2" | [[Manjunath Kunnur]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Syed Azeempeer Khadri]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || Sindhura Rajashekar || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="4" | [[Basavaraj Bommai]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|-
| [[2024 elections in India#Karnataka|2024 By-election]] {{efn|Elected to Lok Sabha on 4 June 2024}} || [[Yasir Ahmed Khan Pathan]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
=== Assembly By-election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 elections in India#Karnataka|2024 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15622-bye-elections-july-to-dec-2024/ |title= Bye-Elections, July to Dec, 2024 - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Yasir Ahmed Khan Pathan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 100,756 |percentage = 52.64% |change = {{increase}}17.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bharath Bommai |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 87,308 |percentage = 45.61% |change = {{decrease}}9.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ravi Krishna Reddy |party = Karnataka Rashtra Samithi |votes = 1,876 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 834 |percentage = 0.44% |change = {{decrease}}0.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,448 |percentage = 7.03% |change = {{decrease}}12.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 191,727 |percentage = 80.67% |change = {{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 191,420}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 237,671 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.06 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Shiggaon">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Shiggaon |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1083.htm?ac=83 |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427061428/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1083.htm?ac=83 |archive-date=27 April 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basavaraj Bommai]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 100,016 |percentage = 54.95% |change = {{increase}}5.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Yasir Ahmed Khan Pathan]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 64,038 |percentage = 35.18% |change = {{decrease}}8.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shashidhar Yeligar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 13,928 |percentage = 7.65% |change = {{increase}}6.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,336 |percentage = 0.73% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahaboobsab Dadusab Kalebag |party = Aam Aadmi Party |votes = 1,175 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,978 |percentage = 19.77% |change = {{increase}}14.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 182,147 |percentage = 80.52% |change = {{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 182,027}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 226,226 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basavaraj Bommai]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 83,868 |percentage = 49.02% |change = {{increase}}0.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Syed Azeempeer Khadri]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 74,603 |percentage = 43.61% |change = {{increase}}1.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somanna Urf Swamiling Bevinamarad |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,203 |percentage = 4.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Bevinamar |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,353 |percentage = 0.79% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,089 |percentage = 0.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,265 |percentage = 5.42% |change = {{decrease}}0.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 171,313 |percentage = 80.35% |change = {{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 171,074}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 213,210 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.17 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}0.50 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basavaraj Bommai]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 73,007 |percentage = 48.52% |change = {{decrease}}3.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khadri Sayed Azimpeer Sayed Kaderbasha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 63,504 |percentage = 42.20% |change = {{increase}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bapugoudra Kashinathgoudra Patil |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 7,810 |percentage = 5.19% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sumangala Kadappa Mysore |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,531 |percentage = 1.02% |change = {{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandan Baburao Tambe |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 1,305 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,503 |percentage = 6.32% |change = {{decrease}}4.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,189 |percentage = 79.72% |change = {{increase}}7.95 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 150,469}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,400 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Basavaraj Bommai]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,780 |percentage = 51.76% |change = {{increase}}28.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khadri Sayyad Azeemper Khadar Basha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 50,918 |percentage = 41.32% |change = {{increase}}6.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prema. S. Patil |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,149 |percentage = 1.74% |change = {{increase}}0.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadlaihnavarmath Rajendra |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,485 |percentage = 1.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sayed Roshan Akabarsha Mulla |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,034 |percentage = 0.84% |change = {{decrease}}0.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balannanvar Basavaraj Ramanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 984 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,862 |percentage = 10.44% |change = {{increase}}9.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 123,240 |percentage = 71.77% |change = {{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 123,229}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,717 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.90 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}15.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sindhura Rajashekar |party = Independent politician |votes = 41,811 |percentage = 35.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khadri Syed Ajimpeer Khadar Basha |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,971 |percentage = 35.22% |change = {{increase}}7.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bevinamarada Somanna |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,096 |percentage = 23.29% |change = {{decrease}}4.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan B. Menasankai |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,662 |percentage = 1.43% |change = {{decrease}}28.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Prabhugowda Rudragowda Patil |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,127 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Syed Roshan Mulla |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 999 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mirajakar Ramachandra Yogappa |party = Urs Samyuktha Paksha |votes = 839 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Waddara Basavaraja Narasappa |party = Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 755 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 840 |percentage = 0.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 116,399 |percentage = 71.11% |change = {{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 116,340}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,698 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.22 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{increase}}6.34 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Syed Azeempeer Khadri]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 28,725 |percentage = 29.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankaragouda Basannagouda Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,084 |percentage = 27.91% |change = {{increase}}18.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kunnur Manjunath Chennappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,497 |percentage = 27.30% |change = {{increase}}1.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivanand Ramageri |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,055 |percentage = 13.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jain Vinodakumar Sambelamal |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,686 |percentage = 1.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,641 |percentage = 1.69% |change = {{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 104,579 |percentage = 71.69% |change = {{increase}}1.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,047}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 7,519 |percentage = 7.19% |change = {{increase}}4.84 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,867 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.49 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Manjunath Kunnur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,552 |percentage = 25.89% |change = {{decrease}}23.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdulgani Akabarsaheb Koitewale |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,778 |percentage = 19.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohan Basavaraj Menasinkai |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,179 |percentage = 10.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kadakol Kotrappa Mariyappa |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 9,038 |percentage = 9.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramanna Mahadevappa Basapur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 8,611 |percentage = 9.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Honnalli Jabbarkhan |party = Janata Dal |votes = 8,443 |percentage = 9.28% |change = {{decrease}}34.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Neelakanthagouda Veeranagouda Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,806 |percentage = 7.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Neelakantagouda Chanabasanagouda |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 3,143 |percentage = 3.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Santhayak. N |party = Independent politician |votes = 938 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,774 |percentage = 6.35% |change = {{increase}}0.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 93,190 |percentage = 70.59% |change = {{decrease}}0.48 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 90,984}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,186 |percentage = 2.35% |change = {{decrease}}4.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,020 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}23.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Manjunath Kunnur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,549 |percentage = 49.70% |change = {{increase}}19.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khadri Sayyadnooruddin Sayyadabdulrazak |party = Janata Dal |votes = 36,035 |percentage = 44.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mamledesai. B. B |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,978 |percentage = 3.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naregal Muregappa Ramappa |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 1,912 |percentage = 2.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,514 |percentage = 5.53% |change = {{decrease}}15.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,134 |percentage = 71.07% |change = {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 81,595}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,539 |percentage = 6.36% |change = {{increase}}4.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,600 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.46 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Neelakanthagouda Veeranagouda Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 35,075 |percentage = 51.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nadaf Mohammed Kasimsab Mardansab |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,736 |percentage = 30.38% |change = {{decrease}}17.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dundigoudar Hanamantagouda Raghunathagouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 10,147 |percentage = 14.86% |change = {{decrease}}28.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kohlapuri Hajaratsab Hajaratsab |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,119 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,339 |percentage = 21.01% |change = {{increase}}16.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,544 |percentage = 72.87% |change = {{increase}}7.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,263}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,281 |percentage = 1.84% |change = {{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,435 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.39 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nadaf Mohammed Kasimsab Mardansab |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,801 |percentage = 48.12% |change = {{increase}}43.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Hanamanatagoud Raghunathgoud |party = Janata Party |votes = 24,250 |percentage = 43.54% |change = {{increase}}5.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kulkarni Venkatesh Bhimrao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,488 |percentage = 2.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Savanur Abdul Hameed Jabbarkhan |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,012 |percentage = 1.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shiralkoppa Khadarkhan Sravarkhan |party = Independent politician |votes = 895 |percentage = 1.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madar Madevappa Adiveppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 699 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mirchooni Sayyadabdulrahiman Sayyadbadesab |party = Independent politician |votes = 555 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,551 |percentage = 4.58% |change = {{decrease}}14.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,597 |percentage = 65.42% |change = {{decrease}}10.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,700}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,897 |percentage = 3.29% |change = {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,046 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.01 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}8.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nadaf Mohammed Kasimsab Mardansab |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 33,669 |percentage = 56.36% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shankaragouda Rudragouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 22,496 |percentage = 37.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Shankaragouda Rudragouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,759 |percentage = 4.62% |change = {{decrease}}44.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bannur Abdulrasheed Khadargous |party = Independent politician |votes = 545 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,173 |percentage = 18.70% |change = {{increase}}10.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 61,904 |percentage = 75.94% |change = {{increase}}13.86 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,735}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,169 |percentage = 3.50% |change = {{increase}}3.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,517 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.05 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.57 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Nadaf Mohammed Kasimsab Mardansab |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 19,799 |percentage = 48.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. B. Hanmantgouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 16,270 |percentage = 40.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. A. Nekamahammadkha |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,781 |percentage = 6.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. K. Husainkhan |party = Independent politician |votes = 664 |percentage = 1.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. D. Mudakappa |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 657 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. B. Shivangouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 405 |percentage = 1.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,529 |percentage = 8.70% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 42,157 |percentage = 62.08% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 40,576}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,904 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link |candidate = [[S. Nijalingappa]] |party = Indian National Congress |percentage = |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,889 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.90 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Fakkirappa Shiddappa Taware |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,838 |percentage = 75.93% |change = {{increase}}13.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Fakkiragouda Tirakanagouda Patil |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 6,606 |percentage = 24.07% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,232 |percentage = 51.86% |change = {{increase}}27.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 29,229 |percentage = 54.19% |change = {{increase}}0.05 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,444}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,934 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}13.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Patil Rudgragouda Chanbasangouda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,412 |percentage = 62.41% |change = {{decrease}}2.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gadigeppagouda Chanbasangouda Patil |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,884 |percentage = 37.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,528 |percentage = 24.83% |change = {{decrease}}14.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,296 |percentage = 54.14% |change = {{decrease}}3.98 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,296}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,572 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shiggaon <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Hurali Koppi Mallappa Basappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,302 |percentage = 64.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gadigeppagouda Chanbasangouda Patil |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 6,831 |percentage = 25.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kumbarkattimanigoudar, Rudragouda Sangangouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,055 |percentage = 3.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hotanhalli, Rangrao Venkatrao |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 903 |percentage = 3.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Patil, Rudragouda Chanveergouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 717 |percentage = 2.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,471 |percentage = 39.06% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 26,808 |percentage = 58.12% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,808}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,122 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Haveri district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|14.99|75.22|display=title}}

[[Category:Haveri district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]

Devindar Walmiki

2026-04-13T06:38:46Z

Notthetag: Added A Bio

{{short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1992)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Devindar Walmiki
| image = Devindar Walmiki.jpg
| full_name = Devindar Sunil Walmiki
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|5|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| position = Defender / [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited|BPCL]]
| years1 = 2012–2015 | clubs1 = [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railway]]
| years2 = 2017 | clubs2 = [[Kalinga Lancers]]
| years3 = 2017– | clubs3 = [[Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited|BPCL]]
| years4 = 2019–2021 | clubs4 = [[HGC (field hockey club)|HGC]]
| years5 = 2022 | clubs5 = [[Acme Chattogram]]
| years6 = 2022 | clubs6 = [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]
| years7 = 2023–2024 | clubs7 = [[HGC (field hockey club)|HGC]]
| years8 = 2025– | clubs8 = Hyderabad Toofans
| nationalyears1 = 2014–2018
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 52
| nationalgoals1 = 25
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport | Men's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]]}}
{{Medal|Appearance|[[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Hockey Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalSilver | [[2016 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2016 London]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Hockey Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[2016 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2016 Kuantan]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[2016 South Asian Games|Guwahati 2016]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Men's FIH Hockey World League]]}}
{{MedalBronze | [[2014–15 Men's Hockey World League Final|Raipur 2015]]}}
}}

== Career ==
Walmiki made his senior international debut for India in 2014. He represented India at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] and was the first Indian to play and score in the [[Euro Hockey League]] (EHL) in 2018. He has played for clubs like Western Railway, BPCL, HGC (Netherlands), and Mohun Bagan.

In addition to international play, he was invited to the Rashtriya Rifles Base in Anantnag, Kashmir, as a guest of honor.

== Awards and achievements ==
=== Domestic & Club Awards ===
* '''Inter Petroleum Hockey Tournament (with BPCL):'''
** Gold Medal: 2026 (Pune), 2025 (Uttarakhand)
** Silver Medal: 2024 (Jaipur), 2019 (Amritsar), 2018 (Mumbai)
** Bronze Medal: 2023 (Lucknow)
* '''Individual Awards:'''
** Best Defender – Inter Petroleum Hockey Tournament (Multiple years)
** Sportsman of the Year – Maharashtra (2018)
** Best Defender – Surinder Lions Cup, Canada (2018)
** MVP – Surinder Lions Cup, Canada (2018)
** Player of the Tournament – Mumbai Hockey Super Division League (2013)
** Man of the Match – [[World Series Hockey]] (2012)
** Highest Goal Scorer (15 goals) – Mumbai League (2009)
* '''State Awards:'''
** [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] (2018)

== Career ==
Walmiki represented India from 2014 to 2018. He made his senior debut during the Europe Tour in Holland (2014). He played for several clubs including [[Western Railway (India)|Western Railway]], [[Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited|BPCL]], [[Kalinga Lancers]], [[HGC (field hockey club)|HGC]], and [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]. In 2018, he created history as the first Indian to play and score in the [[Euro Hockey League]] (EHL) in Barcelona.

== Career ==
Walmiki represented India from 2014 to 2018. He made his senior debut during the Europe Tour in Holland in 2014. He played for several clubs including Kalinga Lancers, HGC (Holland), Mohun Bagan, and Hyderabad Toofans. In 2018, he created history as the first Indian to play and score in the [[Euro Hockey League]] (EHL) in Barcelona.

== Awards ==
* [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] (2018)

== Career ==
Walmiki made his senior international debut for India in 2014 during the Europe Tour in Holland. He represented India at the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He was part of the Indian squad from 2014 to 2018. In 2018, he became the first Indian in history to play and score a goal in the [[Euro Hockey League]] (EHL) in Barcelona.

== Awards ==
* [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] (2018)

== Early life ==
Devindar spent his early years living in a slum in Mumbai without electricity or running water. He famously vowed to bring an electricity connection to his family's home once he represented India at the Olympics, a goal he achieved in 2016.

== Career achievements ==
Walmiki was part of the Indian squad at the [[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio Olympics]]. In 2018, he became the first Indian player to score a goal in the [[Euro Hockey League]] while playing in Barcelona. In 2025, he joined the [[Hyderabad Toofans]] in the Hockey India League.

| nationalyears1 = 2014–
| nationalteam1 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 43

}}

'''Devindar Sunil Walmiki''' (born 28 May 1992) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who plays as a midfielder.

He was named in the Indian squad for the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].

Walmiki's elder brother [[Yuvraj Walmiki]] has also played field hockey for India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brothers Walmiki make it to national camp,eye India team|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/brothers-walmiki-make-it-to-national-camp-eye-india-team-2/|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>

==Club career==
In July 2019 Devindar signed for Dutch club [[HGC (field hockey)|HGC]] in the [[Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey|Hoofdklasse]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Devinder Walmiki, Harjeet Singh sign up with Dutch club, to play Euro Hockey League |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/devinder-walmiki-harjeet-singh-sign-up-with-dutch-club-to-play-euro-hockey-league/articleshow/70358155.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 August 2019 |date=24 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2022, Devinder played for [[Acme Chattogram]] in the [[Hockey Champions Trophy Bangladesh]] and became champions.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}

{{India FH Squad 2016 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FH Squad 2016 Champions Trophy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Walmiki, Devindar}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's field hockey midfielders]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Men's Hoofdklasse Hockey players]]
[[Category:HGC (field hockey) players]]
[[Category:Expatriate field hockey players]]

Sreedhanya Suresh

2026-04-12T13:03:04Z

Notthetag: Info

{{Short description|First tribal woman from Kerala to have cleared the Indian Civil Services Examination}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sreedhanya Suresh
| image =
| caption =
| office1 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|12|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Wayanad]], Kerala, India
| occupation = [[Bureaucrat]]
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 = [[Incumbent]]
| education = M.Sc. (Zoology)
| module =
| status =
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| allegiance =
| office = [[Sub Collector]] & Sub-divisional Magistrate of [[Perinthalmanna]]
| office2 = Assistant Collector of [[Kozhikode]]
| term =
| appointe =
| appointer = [[Government of Kerala]]
| appointer2 = [[Governor of Kerala]]
| term_start = 29 June 2021
| term_start2 = 11 June 2020
| term_end2 = 29 June 2021
| alma_mater = Devagiri College, [[Kozhikode]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ambedkaritetoday.com/2020/05/sreedhanya-suresh.html | title=Sreedhanya Suresh : Kerala's first tribal woman to join as Collector | date=6 May 2020 }}</ref>
}}
'''Sreedhanya Suresh''' is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer. She is the First Tribal Woman from Kerala to have cleared [[Civil Services Examination]] conducted by [[Union Public Service Commission]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/wayanads-sreedhanya-suresh-makes-upsc-history/articleshow/68748150.cms |title=Wayanad's Sreedhanya Suresh makes UPSC history | Kozhikode News - Times of India |publisher=M.timesofindia.com |date=2019-04-06 |access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-05-06 |title=Sreedhanya Suresh, Kerala's first ST Civil Services rank holder, takes charge as Kozhikode Assistant Collector |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/sreedhanya-to-work-under-her-mentor/article31521381.ece |access-date=2023-06-22 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She secured an '''all India Rank of 410''' in the 2018 [[Civil Services Examination|UPSC Civil Services Examination]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/apr/06/sreedhanya-suresh-first-tribal-woman-from-kerala-to-crack-upsc-civil-services-exam-1960758.html |title=Sreedhanya Suresh first tribal woman from Kerala to crack UPSC civil services exam- the New Indian Express |website=www.newindianexpress.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406004739/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/apr/06/sreedhanya-suresh-first-tribal-woman-from-kerala-to-crack-upsc-civil-services-exam-1960758.html |archive-date=6 April 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She is currently serving as (IG) Inspector General of Registration in the Department of Registration, Government of Kerala.

==Early life and education==
Sreedhanya Suresh was born and raised in Kerala, India. She hails from the [[Kurichiya]] tribal community, an indigenous group in the [[Wayanad]] district of Kerala. Despite facing various socio-economic challenges, Sreedhanya's determination and dedication towards education propelled her forward. She completed her schooling from a local government school and then pursued a Bachelor's degree in Zoology from St. Joseph's College, Devagiri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-06 |title=UPSC toppers: Sreedhanya Suresh becomes first person from Kerala's Kurichiya tribal community to crack civil services exam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/sreedhanya-suresh-kerala-kurichiya-tribal-wayanad-civil-services-exam-5661365/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Sreedhanya Suresh, who could not afford to go for interview, became Kerala's first tribal woman IAS |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/education/report-meet-ias-sreedhanya-suresh-who-could-not-afford-to-go-for-interview-became-kerala-s-first-tribal-woman-ias-3030244 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Sreedhanya Suresh belong to [[Kurichiya]] tribal family in Wayanad, Kerala. Her parents, Suresh and Kamala are daily wage labourers who trade in bows and arrows in the local market. As a child growing up in an unfinished house, she did not have access to the basic amenities of life. She grew up in the Ambalkkolly tribal settlement in Wayanad district. A leaking roof and even clothes lined up to make do for walls in the house do not deter Sreedhanya from her being a good student during her schooldays. In spite of all the difficulties and poverty, education remained a priority and this proved fruitful for the whole family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2019/04/06/int-cpy-we-never-knew-sreedhanya-was-in-such-misery.html |title=പൊരുതി നേടിയവൾ; ശ്രീധന്യ, നീയെത്ര ധന്യ! | Sreedhanya Suresh | Manorama news |publisher=Manoramaonline.com |date=2019-04-06 |accessdate=2020-04-22}}</ref>

== Career ==
In her first attempt in 2018, she secured an All India Rank of 410 and became the first person from the tribal community to qualify for the [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]].

After successfully clearing the examination, Sreedhanya underwent rigorous training at the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration]] (LBSNAA) in [[Mussoorie]], Uttarakhand. The academy is renowned for nurturing and grooming aspiring civil servants.

Upon completing her training, Sreedhanya Suresh was allocated the Kerala cadre of the Indian Administrative Service in 2019. As an IAS officer, she began her career serving as the Assistant Collector at [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]] before becoming as the [[Sub-divisional magistrate|Sub Collector]] of [[Perinthalmanna taluk|Perinthalmanna]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Gladwin Emmanuel|date=May 5, 2020 |title=Meet Sreedhanya Suresh, Kerala's first tribal woman to crack civil services exam to join as Assistant Collector in Kozhikode |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/meet-sreedhanya-suresh-keralas-first-tribal-woman-to-crack-civil-service-to-join-as-assistant-collector-in-kozhikode/articleshow/75556395.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> She is currently serving as Inspector General of Registration(IG) of Registration Department, Government of Kerala<ref>{{Cite web |title=Check dam doesn't pose any threat: Sub-collector Sreedhanya |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/oct/09/check-dam-doesnt-pose-any-threat-sub-collectorsreedhanya-2369448.html |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=The New Indian Express|date=9 October 2021 }}</ref>

==Motivation==
Dignitaries like [[P. Sathasivam]], [[Pinarai Vijayan]], [[Rahul Gandhi]], [[Priyanka Gandhi]], and many others around the country congratulated her for her success in the examination.
<ref>[https://hindi.citymailnews.com/ias-officer-became-the-daughter-of-a-daily-wage-tribal-laborer-there-was-no-money-to-give-interviews/ आईएएस श्रीधन्या केरल के वायनाड के एक आदिवासी गांव की रहने वाली है।]</ref>

==Recognition and awards==
In 2019, Sreedhanya was conferred with the "Kudumbashree Award" by the Government of Kerala for her outstanding achievement in the civil services examination. The award recognized her as a role model for women and marginalized communities.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/sreedhanya-suresh-kerala-kurichiya-tribal-wayanad-civil-services-exam-5661365/ | title=UPSC toppers: Sreedhanya Suresh becomes first person from Kerala's Kurichiya tribal community to crack civil services exam | date=6 April 2019 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://malappuram.nic.in/en/whoswho/ajeesh-k-2/ Official website of Malappuram District Administration]
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in/ Official website of Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)]
* [https://ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D|Malayalam Wikipedia]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Sreedhanya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:District magistrate]]
[[Category:Civil servants from Kerala]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]

Shaan Rahman

2026-04-09T23:57:48Z

Notthetag: Page

{{short description|Indian film score composer}}
{{Indian name|Shaan|Rahman}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Shaan Rahman
| image = Shaan Rahman 2023.jpg
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ml
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1979|12|30|df=yes}}<ref name=kochigallan>{{cite web |url=http://kochigallan.com/featured/gallan-exclusivechat-with-shaan-rahman/ |title=Gallan Exclusive: Chat with Shaan Rahman |work=Kochi Gallan |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221124036/http://kochigallan.com/featured/gallan-exclusivechat-with-shaan-rahman/ |archive-date=21 February 2014 }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Thalassery]], [[Kerala]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = {{hlist|Music composer|[[Music producer|producer]]|[[Programming (music)|programmer]]|singer}}
| years_active = 2006–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Zaira|2009}}
| module = {{infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{hlist|[[Filmi]]|[[Indian classical music|Classical music]]|[[World music]]}}
| instrument = Keyboard, piano, vocals
| label = {{ubl||[[Think Music]]|[[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]|[[Muzik247]]|[[Satyam Audios]]|[[Manorama Music]]}}}}
| awards =
| website =
}}

'''Shaan Rahman''' (born 30 December 1979) is an Indian composer and singer, best known for his compositions in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]]. Shaan made his debut as a music director in the 2009 film ''[[Ee Pattanathil Bhootham]]'' directed by [[Johny Antony]]. He got the chance to work in the film after the wide acceptance and popularity of his 2008 music album "''Coffee at MG Road''" which he did along with his friend, singer and director [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]].

Vineeth invited him to work in his directorial debut film ''[[Malarvaadi Arts Club]]'' (2010). Later on, Shaan has frequently collaborated with Vineeth in his films.

He has gained popularity with films such as ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]'' (2012), ''[[Ormayundo Ee Mukham]]'' (2014), ''[[Aadu (film)|Aadu]]'' (2015),''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'' (2015), ''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]'' (2015), ''[[Vettah]]'' (2016), ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' (2016), ''[[Annmariya Kalippilaanu]]'' (2016), and the song ''Jimikki Kammal'' from the film ''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' (2017) gained nationwide acceptance with so many alternative versions of it being released online.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite web |last=Anima |first=P. |date=28 February 2014 |title=The music maker |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-music-maker/article5736548.ece |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Shaan's third film as a music director was ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]'' (2012), directed by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]. Its music was positively received by the public<ref>{{Cite web |last=R. Nair |first=Anil |date=25 July 2012 |title='Thattathin Marayathu' (Malayalam) |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article575215.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221151541/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/article575215.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2014 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review: Thattathin Marayathu |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/thattathin-marayathu-review-malayalam-15002496.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312062429/http://www.sify.com/movies/thattathin-marayathu-review-malayalam-15002496.html |archive-date=12 March 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/best-malayalam-film-songs-2012-pictures-102334.html|title=Best Malayalam Songs 2012|date=4 January 2013|website=FilmiBeat}}</ref> and composer [[M. Jayachandran]] went on to state that "''[[Muthuchippi Poloru]]''" was his favourite song of the year.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> In 2014, he made his Telugu debut with ''Saheba Subramanyam'' which is the remake of ''Thattathin Marayathu''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=J. Kumar |first=Aswin |title=Thattathin Marayathu Movie |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Thattathin-Marayathu/movie-review/14743903.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Early and personal life==
Shaan was born and brought up in [[Thalassery]], [[Kannur district]]. He lives with his family at [[Kakkanad]], [[Kochi]]. Shaan's father works for the Union Cement Company (UCC) while his mother remains a housewife. He has a younger sister Sherry and a brother Shaheer. Sherry is a doctor by profession and is married to Dr. Khalid. Shaheer is studying B.A. Visual Effects at [[ICAT Design & Media College|ICAT]]. Shaan married Zaira on 11 October 2009. They have a son, Rayaan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-music-maker/article5736548.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|title= The music maker|date=28 February 2014 | access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref>

== Shaan Rahman Music Conservatory ==
In 2023, Shaan Rahman founded the Shaan Rahman Music Conservatory in Kochi, Kerala. The conservatory is dedicated to training and nurturing talent in the field of music. The conservatory offers various programs in music, including courses in Hindustani vocal, Carnatic vocal, Western vocal, Guitar, and Piano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaan Rahman Music Conservatory |url=https://www.srmcglobal.com |website=(Shaan Rahman Music Conservatory)}}</ref>

==Albums==
* ''Desi Noise Revolution'' (2006)
* ''Malayalee'' (2007)
* ''Coffee at MG Road'' (2008)

==Television==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year!! Show!! Channel!! Notes
|-
|2013–2017 || ''Pathinalam Ravu - Season 1 to 5'' || [[MediaOne TV]] || Judge
|-
|2018 || ''[[Super 4 (Indian TV series)|Super 4]]'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] || Judge
|-
|2019–2020|| ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Keralam]]'' || [[Zee Keralam]] || Judge
|-
|2020 || ''[[Super 4 (Indian TV series)|Super 4 season 2]]'' || [[Mazhavil Manorama]] ||Celebrity Judge
|-
|2021-2022||''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs'' || [[Zee Keralam]] || Judge
|-
|2021||''[[Mrs. Hitler]]''||[[Zee Keralam]]||Title song composer
|-
|2023–present|| ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Keralam]]'' || [[Zee Keralam]] || Judge
|-
|2023||''Shyamambaram''||[[Zee Keralam]]|| Himself
|}

==Discography==

===As composer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year!! Title !! Director!! Language!! Notes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Ee Pattanathil Bhootham]]'' || [[Johny Antony]] || rowspan="4" | [[Malayalam]] || Debut film
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Malarvaadi Arts Club]]'' || [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[The Metro (film)|The Metro]]'' || Bipin Prabhakar ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]'' || [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] || Best Music Director SIIMA 2013
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2013 || ''[[Nam Duniya Nam Style]]'' || [[Preetham Gubbi]] || [[Kannada]] || Kannada debut
|-
|''[[Kutteem Kolum]]'' || [[Guinness Pakru]] || rowspan="5" | Malayalam ||
|-
|''[[Hotel California (2013 film)|Hotel California]]'' || Aji John ||
|-
|''[[Thira (film)|Thira]]'' || [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2014 || ''[[Om Shanti Oshana]]'' || [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] ||
|-
| ''[[Praise the Lord (film)|Praise The Lord]]'' || [[Shibu Gangadharan]] ||
|-
| ''[[Saheba Subramanyam]]'' || Sasikiran Narayana || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Debut Telugu film.
Remake of ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]''
|-
| ''[[Ormayundo Ee Mukham]]'' || Anwar Sadiq || rowspan="7" | Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2015 || ''[[Aadu (film)|Aadu Oru Bheegara Jeevi Aanu]]'' || [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] ||
|-
| ''[[Mili (2015 film)|Mili]]'' || [[Rajesh Pillai]] || Single "Manpaatha"
|-
| ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'' || [[G. Prajith]] ||
|-
| ''[[Adi Kapyare Kootamani]]'' || John Varghese ||
|-
| rowspan="7"| 2016 || ''[[Vettah]]'' || [[Rajesh Pillai]] ||
|-
| ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' || [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
|''[[Meendum Oru Kadhal Kadhai]]'' ||Mithran Jawahar||[[Tamil language|Tamil]]||Only score. Remake of ''Thattathin Marayathu''
|-
| ''[[Ann Maria Kalippilaanu]]'' || [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] || rowspan="7" | Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Kochavva Paulo Ayyappa Coelho]]'' || [[Sidhartha Siva]] ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Muthassi Gadha]]'' || [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] ||
|-
| ''Gemini'' || P. K. Baaburaaj ||
|-
| rowspan="9"| 2017 || ''[[Take Off (2017 film)|Take Off]]'' || [[Mahesh Narayanan]] || Along with [[Gopi Sundar]]
|-
| ''[[Godha (film)|Godha]]'' || [[Basil Joseph]] ||
|-
|''[[Puthan Panam]]'' || [[Ranjith (director)|Ranjith]] ||
|-
| ''[[Meda Meeda Abbayi]]'' || [[G. Prajith]] || Telugu || Remake of ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]''
|-
| ''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' || [[Lal Jose]] || rowspan="29" | Malayalam ||
|-
| ''[[Goodalochana]]'' || Thomas K Sebastian || Single "Ee Angaadi Kavalayil"
|-
| ''[[Prematho Mee Karthik]]'' || Rishi Raj ||
|-
| ''[[Aana Alaralodalaral]]'' || Dileep Menon ||
|-
| ''[[Aadu 2]]'' || [[Midhun Manuel Thomas]] ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2018 || ''Rachayitha'' || Vidya Sagar Raju ||
|-
| ''[[My Story (film)|My Story]]'' || [[Roshni Dinaker]] ||
|-
| ''[[Chanakya Thanthram]]'' || [[Kannan Thamarakkulam]] ||
|-
| ''[[Aravindante Athidhikal]]'' || [[M. Mohanan]] ||
|-
| ''[[Johny Johny Yes Appa]]'' || G. Marthandan ||
|-
| ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' || [[Sathyan Anthikad]] ||
|-
| rowspan="10" | 2019 || ''[[Allu Ramendran]]'' || [[Bilahari]] ||
|-
| ''[[9 (2019 film)|9]]'' || [[Jenuse Mohamed]] || Only songs. Score composed by [[Sekhar Menon]].
|-
| ''[[Oru Adaar Love]]'' || [[Omar Lulu]] ||
|-
| ''[[Janamaithri]]'' || John Manthrickal ||
|-
| ''[[Sathyam Paranja Viswasikkuvo]]'' || [[G. Prajith]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sachin (film)|Sachin]]'' || [[Santhosh Nair]] ||
|-
| ''[[Love Action Drama]]'' || [[Dhyan Sreenivasan]] ||
|-
| ''[[Pranaya Meenukalude Kadal]]'' || [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] ||
|-
| ''[[Jack & Daniel]]'' || S. L. Puram Jayasurya ||
|-
| ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]'' || [[Mathukkutty]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2021
|''[[Sara's]]'' || [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] || [[Amazon Prime]] movie
|-
| ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' || [[Basil Joseph]] || 4 songs only. Score composed by [[Sushin Shyam]]
|-
| ''[[Kunjeldho]]'' || [[Mathukkutty]] ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Thathvika Avalokanam]]''|| Akhil Marar || Only score. Songs by a newcomer.
|-
| rowspan="8" |2022
|''[[Ullasam (2022 film)|Ullasam]]'' || Jeevan Jojo ||
|-
|''King Fish'' || [[Anoop Menon]] || Only score
|-
| ''[[John Luther (film)|John Luther]]'' || Abijith Joseph ||
|-
|''[[Prakashan Parakkatte]]''
|Shahad Nilambur||
|-
| ''[[Roop Nagar Ke Cheetey]]'' || Vihan Suryavanshi || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || Marathi debut
|-
| ''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]'' ||Santhosh Rajan || Tamil ||
|-
|''Aanandam Paramanandam''
|[[Shafi (director)|Shafi]]
| rowspan="9" |Malayalam
|
|-
|''[[Shefeekkinte Santhosham]]''
|Anup Pandalam
|
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2023 || ''[[Ennalum Ente Aliya]]'' || Bash Mohammed || Along with William Francis
|-
| ''[[Oh My Darling (film)|Oh My Darling]]'' || Alfred D Samuel ||
|-
| ''[[Pranaya Vilasam]]'' || Nikhil Muraly ||
|-
| ''[[Neymar (film)|Neymar]]'' || Sudhi Maddison ||
|-
| ''[[Kolla (2023 film)|Kolla]]'' || Suraj Varma ||
|-
| ''[[King of Kotha]]'' || Abhilash Joshy || Songs only. Score composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]] who also composes other songs.
|-
| ''Bullet Diaries'' || Santhosh Mandoor ||
|-
| ''[[Kannagi (2023 film)|Kannagi]]'' || Yashwanth Kishore || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''Panchavalsara Padhathi'' || PG Premlal || rowspan="10" | Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-04-16 |title=Trailer of Siju Wilson's Panchavalsara Padhathi out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Apr/16/trailer-of-siju-wilsons-panchavalsara-padhathi-out |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Cup''|| Sanju V Samuel ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-Basil Joseph starrer Cup confirms release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-basil-joseph-starrer-cup-confirms-release |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2025 || ''[[Written & Directed by God]]'' || Febi George Stonefield ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-04-17 |title=Saiju Kurup and Sunny Wayne's Written & Directed by God gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Apr/17/saiju-kurup-and-sunny-waynes-written-directed-by-god-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Paathira Kurbana''
|Vinay Jose
|
|-
|''Kapp''
|Sanju V. Samuel
|
|-
|''[[Karam (2025 film)|Karam]]''
|Vineeth Sreenivasan
|
|-
|''[[Bha Bha Ba]]''
|Dhananjay Shankar
|
|-
|''Pattapakal''
|Saajir Sadaf
|
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Aadu 3]]'' || Midhun Manuel Thomas ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-20 |title=Aadu 3 box office collection: Jayasurya’s film weathers Dhurandhar 2 tsunami, collects over Rs 12 cr |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/aadu-3-box-office-collection-jayasuryas-film-weathers-dhurandhar-2-tsunami-10592753/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As Playback singer===
Shaan Rahmaan is also a singer and has sung songs composed by himself and for music director [[Deepak Dev]] in films like ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'', ''[[Teja Bhai & Family]]'' etc.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Shaan-Rahman-and-his-Kolaveri-success-story/articleshow/15513743.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118142216/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-16/news-and-interviews/33232355_1_songs-deepak-dev-thattathin-marayathu|url-status=live|archive-date=2014-01-18|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Shaan Rahman and his Kolaveri success story!|date=16 August 2012 }}</ref>

'''Selected list'''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Songs
! Music director
! Language
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011 || ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'' || ''"Vadakku Vadakku -Friendship Remix"'' || rowspan=2|[[Deepak Dev]] || rowspan=9|[[Malayalam]] || Duet with Guru Kiran
|-
|''[[Teja Bhai & Family]]'' || ''"Pranaya Nilaa, Pranaya Nilaa (Remix)"'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Idiots (2012 film)|Idiots]]'' || ''"Chick Chick"'' || Nandhu Kartha || Co-sung with [[Jassie Gift]] and [[Bijibal]]
|-
|''[[Padmasree Bharat Dr. Saroj Kumar]]'' || ''"Iniyoru Chalanam"'' || [[Deepak Dev]] || Co-sung with [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Philips and the Monkey Pen]]'' || ''"It's Just Another Day"'' || Rahul Subrahmanian ||
|-
|2015 || ''[[Aadu (film)|Aadu]]'' || ''"Kodikayarana Pooramaayi"''
|rowspan=5|Himself || Co-sung with Anwar Sadath
|-
|2017 || ''[[Aadu 2]]'' || ''"Aadeda Aattam Nee"'' ||
|-
|rowspan=2| 2019 ||rowspan=2| ''[[Love Action Drama]]'' || ''"Ponvilakkaayi"'' ||
|-
| ''"Varavaayi"'' ||
|-
|2022 || ''[[Varalaru Mukkiyam]]'' || ''"Mallu Girl"'' || Tamil || Co-sung with Athira A. Nair; lyrics by [[Madhan Karky]]
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Song/Film
! Notes
|-
|2012 ||[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA for Best Music Director]] || ''[[Thattathin Marayathu]]'' ||
|-
|2015 || [[5th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA for Most Streamed Song of the Year]] || ''"Kattu Mooliyo"'' from ''[[Ohm Shanthi Oshaana]]'' ||
|-
|2017 || [[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA for Best Music Director]] ||''[[Velipadinte Pusthakam]]'' ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{IMDb name|id=5066571}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Shaan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Malayalam film score composers]]
[[Category:People from Thalassery]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]

Dhulia Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:20:10Z

Notthetag: Added A Details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dhulia
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 1,15,384
| mla = More, Sukhdeo Totaram
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = SC
}}
Dhulia Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. After the 1955 Delimitation act, it was split into [[Dhulia North Assembly constituency|Dhulia North]] and [[Dhulia South Assembly constituency|Dhulia South]] constituencies.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || More, Sukhdeo Totaram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| Vankhedkar, Sonuji Deoram
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhulia <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = More, Sukhdeo Totaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,467 |percentage = 23.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vankhedkar, Sonuji Deoram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,540 |percentage = 17.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Parolekar, Nathu Tukaram |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 18,248 |percentage = 14.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ahire, Rajaram Ganpat |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 16,236 |percentage = 13.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kacheva, Pundlik Mohansing |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,710 |percentage = 11.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Marathe, Vinayak Tulshiram |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 11,462 |percentage = 9.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pendharkar, Namdeorao Dhanajirao |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 8,930 |percentage = 7.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madane, Gopal Sadashiv |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,227 |percentage = 2.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,219 |percentage = 8.39% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 121,820 |percentage = 52.79% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 121,820}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,384 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Riyas Narmakala

2026-04-08T23:55:09Z

Notthetag: New...

{{Short description|Indian actor and mimicry artist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Riyas Narmakala
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Nedumangad]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, India
| occupation = Actor, mimicry artist
| known_for = ''[[Marimayam]]'', ''[[Aliyans]]''
| awards = Kerala State Television Award for Best Comedian (2017)
}}

'''Riyas Narmakala''' is an Indian actor and mimicry artist who works primarily in Malayalam television and film.<ref name="TOI-Marimayam">{{cite news |title=Marimayam's Riyas Narmakala: Vulgarity and shaming is not required to make someone laugh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/marimayams-riyas-narmakala-vulgarity-and-shaming-is-not-required-to-make-someone-laugh/articleshow/97316467.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 January 2023 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="KK-2025">{{cite news |title='You should not go through such a situation,' says actor Riyas after food poisoning hospitalisation |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/mobile/news.php?id=1589233 |work=Kerala Kaumudi |date=11 August 2025 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> He is best known for his performances in the Malayalam sitcoms ''[[Marimayam]]'' and ''[[Aliyans]]''.<ref name="TOI-Marimayam" /><ref name="TOI-Award">{{cite news |title=Kerala State Television Awards 2017 announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kerala-state-television-awards-2017-announced/articleshow/63899251.cms |work=The Times of India |date=24 April 2018 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> In 2017, he won the Kerala State Television Award for Best Comedian for his performance as Cleetus in ''[[Aliyan vs Aliyan]]''.<ref name="TOI-Award" />

== Early life and background ==
Riyas Narmakala is from Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala.<ref name="KK-2025" /><ref name="Vanitha-2019">{{cite news |title=മറിമായത്തിലെ മന്മഥന്റെ യഥാർത്ഥ പേരെന്ത്? റിയാസ് നർമകലയുടെ വിശേഷങ്ങൾ |url=https://www.vanitha.in/celluloid/movies/2019/03/13/riyas-narmakala-actor-special-interview.html |work=Vanitha |language=ml |date=13 March 2019 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> He began his performing career through mimicry and later started a troupe named Narmakala.<ref name="KK-2025" /><ref name="Vanitha-2019" />

== Career ==
Riyas worked in television before attaining wider recognition through comedy serials.<ref name="Vanitha-2019" /> He later became widely known for playing Manmadhan in the satirical Malayalam sitcom ''Marimayam''.<ref name="TOI-Marimayam" /> In a 2023 interview with ''The Times of India'', he said that the programme had given him major recognition and described it as central to his acting journey.<ref name="TOI-Marimayam" />

He also portrayed Cleetus in the sitcom ''Aliyan Vs Aliyan''.<ref name="TOI-Award" /><ref name="TOI-400">{{cite news |title=Aliyan Vs Aliyan completes 400 episodes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/aliyan-vs-aliyan-completes-400-episodes/articleshow/66954492.cms |work=The Times of India |date=5 December 2018 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> The serial completed 400 episodes in 2018, with Riyas and Aneesh Ravi playing the central brothers-in-law Cleetus and Kanakan respectively.<ref name="TOI-400" /> His performance in the programme won him the Kerala State Television Award for Best Comedian for 2017.<ref name="TOI-Award" />

Alongside television, Riyas has acted in Malayalam films. He was reported as part of the cast of ''Rorschach'' (2022), directed by Nisam Basheer and headlined by Mammootty.<ref name="TNIE-Rorschach1">{{cite news |title=First look of Mammootty's next thriller Rorschach out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/May/04/first-look-ofmammoottys-next-thriller-rorschach-out-2449344.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=4 May 2022 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="TNIE-Rorschach2">{{cite news |title=Mammootty's Rorschach by Nissam Basheer wraps up shoot in Dubai |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/Jul/02/mammoottys-rorschachby-nissam-basheer-wraps-up-shoot-in-dubai-2471909.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 July 2022 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref> He was also listed among the cast of the 2023 Malayalam film ''Somante Krithavu''.<ref name="TOI-Somante">{{cite news |title=Somante Krithavu Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-details/somante-krithavu/movieshow/104340854.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 October 2023 |access-date=6 April 2026}}</ref>

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year(s)
! Title
! Role
! Network
! Notes
|-
| 2011–present
| ''Marimayam''
| Manmadhan
| [[Mazhavil Manorama]]
| Malayalam sitcom<ref name="TOI-Marimayam" />
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Parasparam (TV series)|Parasparam]]''
| Thakkol Vasu
| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|
|-
| 2017–2019
| ''[[Aliyan vs Aliyan]]''
| rowspan=2|Cleetus
| [[Amrita TV]]
| Malayalam sitcom<ref name="TOI-Award" /><ref name="TOI-400" />
|-
| 2019–present
| ''[[Aliyans]]''
| [[Kaumudy TV]]
| sequel to ''[[Aliyan vs Aliyan]]''
|-
| 2022–2025
| ''[[Surabhiyum Suhasiniyum]]''
| Ambadikannan / Vakkeel Uncle
| [[Flowers TV]]
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
|-
| 2017
| rowspan=2|Kerala State Television Award
| rowspan=2|Best Comedian
| ''Aliyan Vs Aliyan''
| Won<ref name="TOI-Award" />
|-
| 2024
| ''Aliyans''
| Won
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narmakala, Riyas}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]

Court: State vs a Nobody

2026-04-06T23:07:10Z

Notthetag:

{{For|the 2014 film|Court (2014 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Court: State vs A Nobody
| image = Court - State Vs A Nobody.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ram Jagadeesh
| producer = [[Prashanti Tipirneni]]
| writer = Ram Jagadeesh
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
* Ram Jagadeesh
* Karthikeya Sreenivass
* Vamsidhar Sirigiri
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]]
* [[P. Sai Kumar]]
* [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]]
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]]
* [[Harsha Vardhan]]
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]]
* Harsh Roshan
* Sridevi Apalla
}}
| music = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| cinematography = Dinesh Purushothaman
| editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]
| studio = [[Wall Poster Cinema]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|3|14|df=yes}}
| runtime = 149 minutes<ref name=":TH1" />
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|4{{ndash}}5 crore}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sangam |first1=Sowmya |title=Court - State vs A Nobody Hits Box Office, Set for Netflix Release |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/court-state-vs-a-nobody-hits-box-office-set-for-netflix-release-954927 |website=www.thehansindia.com |access-date=3 May 2025 |language=en |date=18 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Prakash |first1=B. V. S. |title=Court Movie Strikes a Rs 8 Crore OTT Deal |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/court-movie-strikes-a-rs-8-crore-ott-deal-1867782 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |access-date=3 May 2025 |language=en |date=19 March 2025}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|57{{ndash}}58.15 crore}}{{efn|name="courtbo"|''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' has reported {{INR|57 crore}} gross,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-04-07 |title=Nani's Court Finally on OTT! Where to watch |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/nanis-court-finally-on-ott-where-to-watch-1871437 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> whereas ''[[News18]]'' reported {{INR|58.15 crore}} gross<ref>{{Cite web |last= Mukherjee |first=Anindita| title=Court: State vs A Nobody Scores Big With Rs 58.15 Crore Worldwide, Tops ROI Charts |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/court-state-vs-a-nobody-scores-big-with-rs-58-15-crore-worldwide-tops-roi-charts-aa-9316369.html |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>}}
}}
'''''Court: State vs A Nobody''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[legal drama]] film written and directed by Ram Jagadeesh in his directorial debut; it was produced by [[Prashanti Tipirneni]] and presented by [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], through [[Wall Poster Cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulluri |first1=Uday |last2=Sistu |first2=Suhas |title=Priyadarshi's 'COURT – State Vs A Nobody' trailer receives high praise |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/priyadarshis-court-state-vs-a-nobody-trailer-receives-high-praise-952075 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=8 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Court: State Vs A Nobody': Will Ram Jagadeesh's directorial debut with Priyadarshi deliver a knockout? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/court-state-vs-a-nobody-reviewcourt-state-vs-a-nobody-will-ram-jagadeeshs-directorial-debut-with-priyadarshi-deliver-a-knockout/articleshow/118979851.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 March 2025}}</ref> The film stars [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]], [[P. Sai Kumar]], [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Harsha Vardhan]], [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]], Harsh Roshan and Sridevi Apalla in important roles.

The film was released on 14 March 2025 to positive reviews from critics and was successful at the box office grossing {{INR|57–58.15 crore}} worldwide.{{efn|name=courtbo}} The film is being remade in Tamil as ''Ranjan – The Advocate''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-06 |title=Prashanth's next titled Ranjan, Thiagarajan confirmed to direct |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/06/prashanth-to-headline-courts-tamil-remake-titled-ranjan-thiagarajan-confirmed-to-direct |access-date=2026-04-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Surya Teja is a junior lawyer at a Law firm owned by Mohan Rao. He aspires to one day be given and win an individual case so that he can be more than what his father was able to do, which was notarise documents.

Chandrashekar is a 19-year-old boy who does numerous errands to support himself. His family constitutes his father, who works as a watchman in a plot of land, his mother and sister. Chandrashekar is contacted by a 17-year-old girl, Jabilli who comes from a well to do family and is friend of his neighbour. Soon the teenagers fall in love.

Mangapathi, married to Jabilli's paternal aunt, is considered as the head of the family, as Jabilli's father has died. Mangapathi uses his lawyer Damodhar and bribes the police office to create false cases against people he believes have done something to tarnish his, and by extension his family, image or honour.

When Mangapathi finds out Jabili is discretely spending time with Chandrashekar, he gets Chandrashekar arrested and charged with the [[Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act|POCSO act]], a law designed to quickly and effectively convict rapists and pedophiles of minor victims.

How Surya Teja happens to stumble upon this case and if justice is served to Chandrashekar forms the crux of the story.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]] as [[Advocate|Adv.]] Surya Teja
* [[P. Sai Kumar]] as Advocate G. Mohan Rao, Surya Teja's Senior
* [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Sivaji]] as Mangapathi, Jabilli's uncle
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Meruvalli Seetha Ratnam, Jabilli's mother
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Advocate K. S. Damodhar "Damu", Mangapathi's personal friend and lawyer
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Meruvalli Ramachandrayya, Jabilli's paternal grandfather
* Harsh Roshan as Mettu Chandrasekhar "Chandu"
* Sridevi Apalla as Meruvalli Jabilli
* Vadlamani Srinivas as Lawyer Sivaram
* Surabhi Prabhavathi as Mettu Nagalakshmi, Chandu's mother
* Rajasekhar Aningi as Chandu's father
* Vishika as Lahari
* Raghuram as Reddy
* Srinivas Bhogireddy as Judge
* Kamal as Doctor Prabhakar
* Jwala Koti as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] K. Ramesh Reddy
* Ramu as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] S. Ravi Kumar
* Sai Raj as Bech Clerk
* Srivani Tripuraneni as Surya Teja's mother
* Surya Teja as Jabilli's paternal uncle
* Vani Shalini as Jabilli's aunt
* Godavari Gopi as Koti
* Vidyasagar Karampuri as Ramu Naidu
* [[Srihari (actor)|Srihari]] as Jabilli's father (posthumous photographic appearance)
}}

== Production ==
Ram Jagadeesh approached [[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]] with a romance story, which Priyadarshi was not interested in. Then Ram Jagadeesh told Priyadarshi about a friend of his who was wrongly accused of a crime. Priyadarshi asked Ram to research similar cases.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title=Watch: Priyadarshi Pulikonda on 'Court' and balancing comedy and offbeat films |url=https://www.thehindu.com/videos/priyadarshi-interview-cinema-is-only-a-part-of-my-life/article69315934.ece |work=The Hindu |date=12 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Subsequently, Ram read case files related to the [[POCSO Act]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harsh |first1=B. H. |title=Ram Jagadeesh: Circumstances can turn anyone into a villain |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2025/Mar/12/ram-jagadeesh-circumstances-can-turn-anyone-into-a-villain |work=Cinema Express |date=8 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> He drew inspiration from the case files he read and developed a fictional story.<ref>{{cite news |title=Court: State Vs A Nobody is a fictional story inspired by many real life incidents, says director Ram Jagadish |url=https://telanganatoday.com/court-state-vs-a-nobody-is-a-fictional-story-inspired-by-many-real-life-incidents-says-director-ram-jagadish |work=[[Telangana Today]] |date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The screenplay was written by Ram Jagadeesh with Karthikeya Sreenivass and Vamsidhar Sirigiri.<ref name=":TH1" /> The film was produced by [[Prashanti Tipirneni]], while Deepthi Ganta co-produced it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nani to present 'Court: State vs A Nobody' starring Priyadarshi Pulikonda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nani-present-court-state-vs-nodboy-priyadarshi-pulikonda/article69118658.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=20 January 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=Court – State vs. a Nobody: Priyadarshi opens up about his role and film journey |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/court-state-vs-a-nobody-priyadarshi-opens-up-about-his-role-and-film-journey-953031 |work=The Hans India |date=11 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> In August 2024, [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] announced that he would present the film ''Court'': ''State vs a Nobody'', unveiling a title motion poster.<ref>{{cite news |title=Court - State Vs A Nobody: Nani Announces His Next Production With Director Ram Jagadeesh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/did-you-check-out-motion-poster-of-nanis-production-court-state-vs-a-nobody-6453660 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=30 August 2024 |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2024 |access-date=13 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907074121/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/did-you-check-out-motion-poster-of-nanis-production-court-state-vs-a-nobody-6453660/amp/1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nani Presents Court - State Vs A Nobody With Priyadarshi Pulikonda In The Lead |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/nani-presents-court-state-vs-a-nobody-with-priyadarshi-pulikonda-in-the-lead-9034530.html |work=News18 |date=31 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Principal photography began in September 2024.<ref name=":TH1">{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title=Director Ram Jagadeesh interview: The drama in 'Court' concerns the POCSO Act |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/court-director-ram-jagadeesh-interview-nani-priyadarshi/article69298379.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=8 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Court {{ndash}} State vs a Nobody
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| released = 14 February 2025
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 8:54
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| chronology = [[Vijai Bulganin]]
| prev_title = [[Janaka Aithe Ganaka]]
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Court {{ndash}} State vs a Nobody
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Premalo
| single1date = 14 February 2025<ref name=":ST">{{cite web |title='Premalo' song from 'Court' is out |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/premalo-song-from-court-is-out |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=14 February 2025}}</ref>
| single2 = Chitti Guvva
| single2date = 26 March 2025
}}
}}
The film has a soundtrack composed by [[Vijai Bulganin]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harsh |first1=B. H. |title='Premalo' from Court - State vs A Nobody is a tender yet infectious love song |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Feb/14/premalo-from-court-state-vs-a-nobody-is-a-tender-yet-infectious-love-song |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The soundtrack comprises two songs.<ref name=":TH1" /> The first song was released on 14 February 2025.<ref name=":ST" />
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Premalo
| length1 = 5:30
| lyrics1 = Purna Chary
| extra1 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], Sameera Bharadwaj
| title2 = Chitti Guvva
| length2 = 3:24
| lyrics2 = Purnachary
| extra2 = [[Kala Bhairava]]
| total_length = 8:54
}}

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Court {{Ndash}} State vs a Nobody'' was released theatrically on 14 March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harsh |first1=B. H. |title=Priyadarshi-starrer Court - State vs A Nobody gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jan/18/priyadarshi-starrer-court-state-vs-a-nobody-gets-a-release-date |work=Cinema Express |date=8 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The film received positive reviews from the critics.<ref>{{cite news |title=Court Movie Review: నాని 'కోర్ట్‌' మూవీ రివ్యూ {{!}} Court: State Vs A Nobody Movie Review In Telugu {{!}} Sakshi |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/court-state-vs-nobody-movie-review-telugu-2392905 |work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |date=13 March 2025 |language=te}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Netflix]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Court—State Vs A Nobody OTT Release: When And Where To Watch The Priyadarshi Film |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/court-state-vs-a-nobody-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-the-priyadarshi-film-aa-9260842.html |work=News18 |date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 March 2025 |title=కోర్ట్‌, దిల్‌రూబా సినిమాలు వచ్చేవి ఆ ఓటీటీలోనే! {{!}} Court State vs a Nobody, Dilruba Movie OTT Partner Details {{!}} Sakshi |trans-title=The movies Court and Dilruba were released on that OTT platform! |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/court-state-vs-nobody-dilruba-movie-ott-partner-details-2394485 |work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref> It was released on 11 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-07 |title='Court: State Vs A Nobody' OTT release date: When and where to watch Ram Jagadeesh's debut directorial |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/court-state-vs-a-nobody-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-ram-jagadeeshs-debut-directorial/articleshow/120064187.cms |access-date=2025-04-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Paul Nicodemus of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "Debutant director Ram Jagadeesh punches well above his weight, delivering a film that is both deeply moving and socially relevant. ''Court: State vs A Nobody'' is not just a courtroom drama—it is a slice-of-life portrayal of human emotions, societal biases, and the pursuit of justice."<ref>{{cite news |title=Court - State Vs. A Nobody Movie Review : A Riveting Blend of Innocent Love and Legal Drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/court-state-vs-a-nobody/movie-review/118987336.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 March 2025}}</ref> Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "a gripping courtroom drama with outstanding performances, a strong message, and powerful emotions. Though the film starts slow, once it reaches the conflict point, there is hardly a dull moment."<ref>{{cite news |title=Court – State vs. A Nobody Review: A must-watch courtroom drama with intense storytelling |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/court-state-vs-a-nobody-review-a-must-watch-courtroom-drama-with-intense-storytelling/20ad03a896770 |work=[[OTTplay]] |date=13 March 2025}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Court: State Vs A Nobody'' is an engaging legal drama with standout performances from Priyadarshi, Shivaji, and Harsh Roshan. Though the first half is slow, the courtroom sequences in the latter half make it worth a watch."<ref>{{cite news |title='Court: State Vs A Nobody' review: Case won |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/court-state-vs-a-nobody-review-case-won-80652 |work=The Hans India |date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "Strong performances and emotional beats do the heavy lifting in this familiar legal drama."<ref>{{cite news |title=Court – State vs A Nobody Movie Review: Priyadarshi anchors an entertaining legal drama that settles for less |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/court-state-vs-a-nobody-movie-review-priyadarshi-anchors-an-entertaining-legal-drama-that-settles-for-less-9886229/lite/ |work=The Indian Express |date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Satya Pulagam of ''[[ABP Desam]]'' rated the film three out of five stars.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pulagam |first1=Satya |title='కోర్టు' రివ్యూ: థియేటర్లలో వాదనలు నిలబడతాయా? నాని నిర్మించిన సినిమా ఎలా ఉందంటే? |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-court-state-vs-a-nobody-movie-review-in-telugu-actor-nani-production-court-movie-rating-review-telugu-200690 |work=telugu.abplive.com |date=13 March 2025 |language=te}}</ref> Jalapathy Gudelli of ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "a fairly engaging courtroom drama that sparks reflection on societal and judicial issues. Despite a sluggish first half and some narrative conveniences, strong performances—particularly from Priyadarshi and Shivaji—and a well-executed second half make it a worthwhile watch."<ref>{{cite web |title=Court Review: A fairly appealing legal drama |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/court-review-a-fairly-appealing-legal-drama |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=13 March 2025}}</ref> Sanjay Ponnappa of ''[[India Today]]'' gave it 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Presented by Telugu star Nani, this courtroom drama steadily captures the audience's attention before entering the court to make an emotional case, but falls short when it comes to making the case compelling and smart."<ref>{{cite news |title=Court review: A thought-provoking drama that falls short on courtroom thrills |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/court-state-vs-a-nobody-review-nani-priyadarshi-courtroom-drama-2693475-2025-03-14 |work=India Today |date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Overall, ''Court–State vs. A Nobody'' is a decent courtroom drama in Telugu cinema and will appeal to its target audience. The emotional depth, narrative style, and social message make it a one-time watch despite shortcomings."<ref>{{cite news |title=Court – State vs A Nobody Review: A Decent Courtroom Drama |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/court-state-vs-a-nobody-review-a-decent-courtroom-drama-review-118973201/ |work=Times Now |date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

B. H. Harsh of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote, "Debutant filmmaker Ram Jagadeesh shows a lot of promise in his debut, handling a familiar concept with impressive control and freshness".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harsh |first1=B. H. |title=Court Movie Review: A skillfully executed crowd-pleaser |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2025/Mar/13/court-movie-review-a-skillfully-executed-crowd-pleaser |work=Cinema Express |date=4 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "''Court'' is not groundbreaking. But it is an absorbing drama where the most applause-worthy moments stem from thoughtful writing and sharp dialogues."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title='Court' movie review: Priyadarshi leads a compelling drama directed by Ram Jagadeesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/court-telugu-movie-review-priyadarshi-ram-jagadeesh/article69329008.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=14 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Balakrishna Ganeshan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "Although director Ram Jagadeesh’s ''Court: State Vs A Nobody'' aspires to be a gripping legal drama, it leans heavily onto melodrama rather than procedural precision, ultimately weakening its impact."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganeshan |first1=Balakrishna |title=Court review: Priyadarshi's courtroom drama is compelling but misses full potential |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/court-review-priyadarshis-courtroom-drama-is-compelling-but-misses-full-potential |work=The News Minute |date=6 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Swaroop Kodur of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' wrote, "Some of the elements in Ram Jagadeesh’s debut film feel slightly off-base, but the film comes together because of strong performances and staging."<ref>{{cite news |title='Court - State Vs. A Nobody' Movie Review: Priyadarshi and Sivaji Anchor an Impressive Courtroom Showdown |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/court-state-vs-a-nobody-movie-review-priyadarshi-and-sivaji-anchor-an-impressive-courtroom-showdown |work=The Hollywood Reporter India |date=14 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Court'' {{Ndash}} ''State vs a Nobody'' made on a budget of {{INR|4 crore}} grossed {{INR|8 crore}} on the opening day and {{INR|23 crore}} worldwide in the opening weekend.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} It concluded its theatrical run with worldwide gross estimated to be ₹57–58.15 crore.{{efn|name=courtbo}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=33307144}}

[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:2020s legal drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vijai Bulganin]]
[[Category:Films set in 2013]]

Jyothi Surekha

2026-04-06T15:30:06Z

Notthetag: started details

{{short description|Indian archer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Jyothi Surekha
| image = Jyothi Surekha Vennam (cropped).jpg
| caption = Jyothi in 2017
| full_name = Jyothi Surekha Vennam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1996|07|03}}
| birth_place = [[Challapalli]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vijayawada-archer-jyothi-surekha-wins-three-silver-medals-at-world-championship/articleshow/86526776.cms|title=Vijayawada archer Jyothi Surekha wins three silver medals at World championship|date=21 September 2021|access-date=7 October 2023|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|archive-date=26 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626194035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vijayawada-archer-jyothi-surekha-wins-three-silver-medals-at-world-championship/articleshow/86526776.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| education = [[Master of Business Administration]] [[Bachelor of Technology]]
| alma_mater = [[K L University]]
| sport = [[Archery]]
| event = [[Compound bow|Compound]]
| highestranking = 2 (2024)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldarchery.sport/rankings/world-ranking?country=All&category=Compound%20Women|title=World Archery Rankings|publisher=worldarchery.sport|access-date=6 October 2023|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424194103/https://www.worldarchery.sport/rankings/world-ranking?country=All&category=Compound%20Women|url-status=live}}</ref>
| pb = ''Individual'': 715 (2025) ''Mixed team'': 1431 '''[[World record|WR]]''' (2025)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Compound bow|compound archery]]}} [[File: Archery pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCount
| total = yes
| [[World Games]]
| 0
| 0
| 1
|[[World Archery Championships|World Championships]]
| 1
| 5
| 3
| [[Archery World Cup|World Cup Final]]
| 0
| 1
| 1
| [[Asian Games]]
| 3
| 1
| 1
| [[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]
| 7
| 5
| 2
| [[Archery World Cup|World Cup]]
| 11
| 7
| 8
| [[World Archery Asia|Asia Cup]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
| [[FISU World University Games|World University Games]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| [[World University Archery Championships|World University Championships]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| [[World Archery Youth Championships|World Youth Championships]]
| 0
| 0
| 2
}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 World Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Archery at the 2022 World Games – Mixed team compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Archery Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 World Archery Championships|2023 Berlin]]|[[2023 World Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2017 World Archery Championships|2017 Mexico City]]|[[2017 World Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 World Archery Championships|2021 Yankton]]|[[2021 World Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 World Archery Championships|2021 Yankton]]|[[2021 World Archery Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 World Archery Championships|2021 Yankton]]|[[2021 World Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 World Archery Championships|2025 Gwangju]]|[[2025 World Archery Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 World Archery Championships|2019 Hertogenbosch]]|[[2019 World Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 World Archery Championships|2019 Hertogenbosch]]|[[2019 World Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 World Archery Championships|2023 Berlin]]|[[2023 World Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Archery World Cup|World Cup Final]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Samsun]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Nanjing]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's individual compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Games – Mixed team compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Archery at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Archery at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's team compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Archery at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's team compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2015 Asian Archery Championships|2015 Bangkok]]|[[2015 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Asian Archery Championships|2017 Dhaka]]|[[2017 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Asian Archery Championships|2019 Bangkok]]|[[2019 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships|2021 Dhaka]]|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Asian Archery Championships|2023 Bangkok]]|[[2023 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships|2025 Dhaka]]|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships|2025 Dhaka]]|[[2025 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2015 Asian Archery Championships|2015 Bangkok]]|[[2015 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2017 Asian Archery Championships|2017 Dhaka]]|[[2017 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 Asian Archery Championships|2019 Bangkok]]|[[2019 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships|2021 Dhaka]]|[[2021 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Archery Championships|2023 Bangkok]]|[[2023 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2011 Asian Archery Championships|2011 Tehran]]|[[2011 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2017 Asian Archery Championships|2017 Dhaka]]|[[2017 Asian Archery Championships#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Archery World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Archery World Cup|2022 Paris]]|[[2022 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Antalya]]|[[2023 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Antalya]]|[[2023 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Shanghai]]|[[2023 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Paris]]|[[2023 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Shanghai]]|[[2024 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Shanghai]]|[[2024 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Shanghai]]|[[2024 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Yecheon]]|[[2024 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Antalya]]|[[2024 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Central Florida]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Antalya]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Berlin]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 Archery World Cup|2022 Paris]]|[[2022 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2024 Archery World Cup|2024 Yecheon]]|[[2024 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Madrid]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Madrid]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Shanghai]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2017 Archery World Cup|2017 Antalya]]|[[2017 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Shanghai]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Antalya]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Salt lake City]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 Archery World Cup|2018 Berlin]]|[[2018 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Paris]]|[[2023 Archery World Cup#Compound|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Archery World Cup|2023 Medellín]]|[[2023 Archery World Cup#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 Madrid]]|[[2025 Archery World Cup#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Archery Asia|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[World Archery Asia|2016 Taipei]]|[[World Archery Asia|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[World Archery Asia|2016 Taipei]]|[[World Archery Asia|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FISU World University Games|World University Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2015 Summer Universiade|2015 Gwangju]]|[[Archery at the 2015 Summer Universiade#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World University Archery Championships|World University Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[World University Archery Championships#Edition|2016 Ulaanbaatar]]|[[World University Archery Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Youth Archery Championships|World Youth Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 World Archery Youth Championships|2013 Wuxi]]|[[2013 World Archery Youth Championships#Compound|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 World Archery Youth Championships|2013 Wuxi]]|[[2013 World Archery Youth Championships#Compound|Team]]}}
}}

'''Jyothi Surekha''' '''Vennam''' (born 3 July 1996) is an Indian [[archery|archer]].<ref name=":0" /> She competes in the [[Compound bow|compound]] discipline, a non-Olympic event debuting at the [[2028 Summer Olympics|2028 LA Olympics]]. She has won gold medals at the [[2023 World Archery Championships|World Championships]], [[Archery World Cup|World Cup]], [[Asian Games]] and the [[Asian Archery Championships|Asian Championships]]. In 2025, she and [[Rishabh Yadav]] set the mixed team [[world record]] with a score of 1431 at the [[2025 Archery World Cup|2025 World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Rishabh Yadav and Jyothi Surekha Vennam set new world record at Madrid {{!}} World Archery |url=https://www.worldarchery.sport/news/202051/rishabh-yadav-and-jyothi-surekha-vennam-set-new-world-record-madrid |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=www.worldarchery.sport |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Surekha was born in [[Challapalli]] in [[Krishna district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] to Vennam Surendra Kumar and Sri Durga.<ref name="TOI"/> Her father is a former Kabaddi player and a veterinary doctor in [[Vijayawada]], Andhra Pradesh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://worldarchery.org/athlete/11348/jyothi-surekha-vennam|title=Jyothi Surekha Vennam|website=World Archery|language=en|access-date=2019-11-23|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111093734/https://worldarchery.org/athlete/11348/jyothi-surekha-vennam|url-status=live}}</ref>

She started [[swimming]] at the age of 3. In 2001, she swam 5 km across the [[Krishna River]] in three hours, 20 minutes and six seconds and became the youngest to enter the ''[[Limca Book of Records]]''.<ref name="sportstar">{{cite news|title=Shooting straight|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|url=http://www.tssonnet.com/tss3516/stories/20120419506203700.htm|access-date=30 August 2012|archive-date=4 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604065050/http://www.tssonnet.com/tss3516/stories/20120419506203700.htm|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Jyothi completed her schooling from Nalanda Vidya Niketan, Vijayawada. She did her [[Bachelor of technology|B.Tech.]] and [[Master in business administration|MBA]] at [[Koneru Lakshmaiah University]], a deemed university.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kreedon.com/jyothi-surekha-vennam-biography/|title=Jyothi Surekha Vennam Biography: Age, weight, archery, achievements|date=2 July 2019|website=KreedOn|language=en-|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710111012/https://www.kreedon.com/jyothi-surekha-vennam-biography/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DC">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/other-news/051023/take-a-bow-1.html|title=Take a bow|date=6 October 2023|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=6 October 2023|archive-date=5 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005190251/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/other-news/051023/take-a-bow-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Surekha started practicing archery from the age of 11, participating in various tournaments at the junior level.<ref name="TOI"/> In 2011, she won a bronze medal at the [[2011 Asian Archery Championships]] held in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/199572/indian-women-bags-bronze-medal.html|title=Indian women bags bronze medal in Asian Archery championship|date=21 October 2011|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=30 August 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081041/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/199572/indian-women-bags-bronze-medal.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, She won two bronze medals at the [[2013 World Archery Youth Championships]] held at [[Wuxi]], [[China]].<ref>{{cite web|title=19th Asian Championships + CQT Asia|url=http://worldarchery.org/competition/14280/19th-asian-championships-cqt-asia|website=World Archery|access-date=7 November 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065525/http://worldarchery.org/competition/14280/19th-asian-championships-cqt-asia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://old.archery.org/EventResults/ResultSummary.aspx?e=476|title=World Youth Championship|publisher=archery.org|accessdate=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213220302/http://old.archery.org/EventResults/ResultSummary.aspx?e=476|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> She had competed in five [[Asian Archery Championships]] winning four gold, four silver and two bronze medals. She have also competed in multiple [[Archery World Cup]]s winning five gold, four silver and seven bronze medals.<ref name="TOI"/>

She won three silver medals in the [[2021 World Archery Championships]] becoming the first Indian to do so and has won one gold, four silver and three bronze medals in the [[World Archery Championships]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/field/927153/archery-world-championships-jyothi-surekha-vennam-stuns-world-no-2-to-win-second-bronze-of-the-day|title=Archery World Championships: Jyothi Surekha Vennam stuns world No 2 to win second bronze of the day|website=Scroll.in|language=en|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616165727/https://scroll.in/field/927153/archery-world-championships-jyothi-surekha-vennam-stuns-world-no-2-to-win-second-bronze-of-the-day|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TOI"/> In January 2022, she finished in first place in the Women’s Open Pro event at the Lancaster Archery Classic held near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kasprzak |first=Emma |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ella Gibson finishes 3rd at Lancaster Archery Classic |work=Archery GB |url=https://www.archerygb.org/ella-gibson-finishes-3rd-at-lancaster-archery-classic/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306202401/https://www.archerygb.org/ella-gibson-finishes-3rd-at-lancaster-archery-classic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, Jyoti won three gold medals in the [[2022 Asian Games]] becoming the first Indian to win multiple gold medals in archery.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 April 2023|title=Archery WC: Jyothi clinches two gold medals|url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/36260816/jyothi-ojas-clinch-mixed-team-compound-gold-archery|access-date=23 April 2023|website=[[ESPN]]|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423101400/https://www.espn.in/olympics/story/_/id/36260816/jyothi-ojas-clinch-mixed-team-compound-gold-archery|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards and accolades ==
*''Pratibha Puraskar'' by [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] (2001)<ref name="DC"/>
*''Exceptional Achievement Award'' by [[Government of India]] (2002)<ref name="DC"/>
*''Golden Target award'' by [[World Archery Federation]] (2013)<ref name="DC"/>
*[[Arjuna Award]] by [[Government of India]] (2017)<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/sports/national-sports-awards-centre-unveils-list-cricket-sensation-harmanpreet-kaur-to-receive-arjuna-award/819083/|title=National Sports Awards: Centre unveils list, cricket sensation Harmanpreet Kaur to receive Arjuna Award|date=22 August 2017|access-date=22 August 2017|newspaper=Financial Express|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214043349/https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/national-sports-awards-centre-unveils-list-cricket-sensation-harmanpreet-kaur-to-receive-arjuna-award/819083/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DC"/>
*''[[The Times of India|TOISA]] Archer of the Year'' by [[Times of India]] (2021)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|title=TOISA 2021: Neeraj Chopra headlines the list of winners|date=14 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2022|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026215006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|archive-date=26 October 2022|location=New Delhi|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>
*ESPN India's ''Female Athlete of the Year.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-25 |title=Female Athlete of the Year: With consistent excellence, Jyothi Surekha Vennam keeps setting the targets for Indian archery |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/39181314/female-athlete-year-2023-award-jyothi-surekha-vennam-consistent-excellence-indian-archery |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, then [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[N. Chandrababu Naidu|Chandrababu Naidu]] awarded her a cash prize of INR 1 crore (10 million) along with a housing site of 500 sq. yards in [[Vijayawada]] or [[Amaravati]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/andhra-cm-rewards-guinness-record-holder-archer-jyothi-surekha-117083101526_1.html|title=Andhra CM rewards Guinness record holder, archer Jyothi Surekha|last=ANI|date=31 August 2017|work=Business Standard India|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905190503/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/andhra-cm-rewards-guinness-record-holder-archer-jyothi-surekha-117083101526_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{World Archery}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vennam, Jyothi Surekha}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Indian female archers]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Archers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Summer World University Games medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Archers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:FISU World University Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2015 Summer Universiade]]
[[Category:World Archery Championships medalists]]
[[Category:World Games bronze medalists]]
[[Category:World Games medalists for India]]
[[Category:World Games medalists in archery]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 World Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Vishal Singh (actor, born 1974)

2026-04-01T12:06:52Z

Notthetag:

{{short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vishal Singh
| image =
| image_size = 200
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1974|01|16|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra , India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|model}}
| years_active = 1982–2018
| partner = 
| relatives =
}}

'''Vishal Singh''' (born 16 January 1974)<ref name="ndtv"/> is an Indian television and film actor. He made his debut with science fiction series ''[[Indradhanush]]'' in 1989 along with [[Karan Johar]]. He is most known for his role as Sanju in the comedy series, [[Dekh Bhai Dekh]] He was seen as [[List of characters in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai|Naitik Singhania]] in the hit soap opera ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', airing on [[Star Plus]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-vishal-singh-as-naitik-5383477-PHO.html |title='Dekh Bhai Dekh' Fame Vishal Singh Is the New Naitik of 'Ye Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai' |date=28 July 2016 |website=DailyBhaskar |access-date=23 December 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170012/https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-TV-vishal-singh-as-naitik-5383477-PHO.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Career ==
Vishal Singh was born and brought up in Mumbai.<ref name="times11">{{Cite web |title=Dilli khana's the best: Vishal Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/Dilli-khanas-the-best-Vishal-Singh/articleshow/10829846.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103093035/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-23/tv/30429392_1_dilli-child-actors-confidence-level |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2013 |date=23 November 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 July 2013}}</ref> He appeared as a child actor in the 1982 film ''[[Rajput (1982 film)|Rajput]]''. In 1989, Vishal made his television debut as part of the cast of the television show ''[[Indradhanush]]'' on [[DD National|DD]], which was directed by Anand Mahendroo. The story was of four boys and their school life. After this show, Anand Mahendroo selected Vishal for ''[[Dekh Bhai Dekh]]''. In the 90s he also played an important role of Bilal in the famous serial ''[[Gul Gulshan Gulfaam]]'', directed by Ved Rahi.
He also appeared in the Close Up ad and music videos ''Maikhane se Sharab se'', by [[Pankaj Udhas]], Sriram Iyer's ''Aisa Bhi Kabhi Hota Hai'' Suchitra Krishnamurthy's ''Dum Tara'' and Jagjit Singh's ''Tumse Bichad Ke''.

In 2011, he joined the cast of the TV series, ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]'', playing the role of a father as Jeet Ahuja.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web |title=Want to be reel life father in real: Vishal Singh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/want-to-be-reel-life-father-in-real-vishal-singh-631290 |publisher=NDTV |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=18 July 2013 |archive-date=4 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104170526/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/want-to-be-reel-life-father-in-real-vishal-singh-631290 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, he was finalized to portray the parallel lead role of [[List of characters in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai|Naitik Singhania]] in [[Star Plus]]'s longest-running drama series ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]].''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Is-Vishal-Singh-the-new-Naitik-in-Yeh-Rishta-Kya-Kehlata-Hai/articleshow/53421266.cms |title=Is Vishal Singh the new Naitik in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai? – Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-date=16 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316142309/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Is-Vishal-Singh-the-new-Naitik-in-Yeh-Rishta-Kya-Kehlata-Hai/articleshow/53421266.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> About joining the popular show, he said "I am very excited to play the role of Naitik. Men like him are rarely found today and nothing better than playing an ideal man on screen who can definitely set an example. He is the perfect husband, father and son."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-naitik-karan-mehra-vishal-singh-akshara-hina-khan-replaced-3035933/ |title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai gets a new Naitik, actor Vishal Singh makes a star entry, see pics |date=17 September 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=15 March 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=16 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316023124/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-naitik-karan-mehra-vishal-singh-akshara-hina-khan-replaced-3035933/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the show, he replaced actor [[Karan Mehra]], who has played Naitik's character for almost seven years.

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Mirza Ghalib (TV series) | Mirza Ghalib]]''
| young [[Ghalib]]
|
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Indradhanush]]''
| Unnamed
|
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Gul Gulshan Gulfaam]]''
| Bilal
|
|-
| 1993–1997
| ''[[Dekh Bhai Dekh]]''
| Sanjay "Sanju" Dewan
|
|-
| 1997–1998
| ''[[Ghutan (TV series) | Ghutan]]''
| Avinash
|
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Saturday Suspense]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000
| ''Ghunghat Ke Pat khol''
| Groom
|
|-
| ''[[Rishtey (TV series) | Rishtey]]''
| Unnamed
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002
| ''Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin''
| Amit
|
|-
| ''Hum Hain Dilwale''
| Ajay
|<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2002 |title=Hum Hain Dilwale (Sony, Wednesdays, 20.00) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/03/15/stories/2002031501070600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020501192211/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/03/15/stories/2002031501070600.htm |archive-date=1 May 2002 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003
| ''[[Kashmeer (TV series) | Kashmeer]]''
| Kinshuk Kachroo
|
|-
| ''[[CID (Indian TV series) | CID]]''
| Naveen
| Episodic role
|-
| ''[[Krishna Arjun (TV series) | Krishna Arjun]]''
| Inspector
| Episodic role
|-
| 2003–2004
| ''[[Lipstick (TV series) | Lipstick]]''
| Tarun Singhania
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004
| ''[[Dekho Magar Pyaar Se]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rooh]]''
| Ranjeet
| Episodic role
|-
| 2004–2005
| ''[[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa (TV series) | Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa]]''
| Deepankar
|
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2005
| ''Ayushmaan''
| Aryan
|
|-
| ''[[Hotel Kingston]]''
| Rajesh
|
|-
| 2005–2006
| ''[[Astitva...Ek Prem Kahani]]''
| Dr. Siddhant "Sid" Awasthi
|
|-
| 2005–2007
| ''[[Ek Ladki Anjaani Si (TV series) | Ek Ladki Anjaani Si]]''
| Yash
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]''
| Rajveer
|
|-
| 2007–2008
| ''[[Bhabhi (TV series) | Bhabhi]]''
| Dr. Dev Thakral
|
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''[[Aathvaan Vachan]]''
| Aadesh
|<ref>{{cite web |date=25 August 2008 |title=Talking point: with vishal singh; Television's chocolate boy takes on another goody-goody role |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/talking-point--with-vishal-singh/352820/ |website=TheIndianExpress |access-date=23 December 2017 |archive-date=6 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506143042/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/talking-point--with-vishal-singh/352820 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2011–2013
| ''[[Parvarrish – Kuchh Khattee Kuchh Meethi]]''
| Jeet Ahuja
|<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2011 |title=I am an unmarried father of three kids: Vishal Singh |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-i-am-an-unmarried-father-of-three-kids-vishal-singh-2556381.html |website=DailyBhaskar |access-date=23 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222212604/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-i-am-an-unmarried-father-of-three-kids-vishal-singh-2556381.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2018
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| [[List of characters in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai|Naitik Singhania]]
|
|}

==Awards==

* [[Gold Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role]] as Naitik Singhania – [[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]] (2017)<ref>[http://goldawards.weebly.com/2017.html Complete Winners list of 10th Boroplus Gold Awards, 2017]</ref>

==References==

<references/>

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|4788496|Vishal Singh}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Vishal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Indore]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category: 1974 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Portonovo Lighthouse

2026-03-23T13:26:25Z

Notthetag:

{{Short description|Historical Lighthouse of India and Tamil Nadu}}

{{Infobox lighthouse
| name = Portonovo Lighthouse
| image_name = PNO_Lighthouse.jpg
| caption = Portonovo Lighthouse And Navtex Station<hr>
| location = Portonovo Lighthouse Cum [[Navtex]] Station, [[Parangipettai]], [[Cuddalore District]] [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].
| coordinates = {{coord|11.5042708|N|79.7704575|E}}
| yearbuilt = {{start date and age|1980|09|30}}
| yearlit = {{start date and age|1981|03|31}}
| automated = Rotating Beacon
| yeardeactivated =
| foundation = Concrete (At-ground)
| construction =
| shape = Circular tower
| marking = Red and White Band
| height = {{convert|30|m|ft}}
| focalheight = {{convert|32.99|m|ft}}
| lens = 6
| lightsource = 150W/ 230V Single end CDMT Lamp
| intensity = 10,3000 cdl
| range = {{convert|25.7|NM|km}}
| characteristic = FL.W. 15s
| racon = Tide Land (Sea Beacon 2)
| country = [[India]]
| countrynumber = F 0919
| managingagent = DGLL of Chennai
| heritage = Lighthouses of Tamil Nadu
}}
'''Portonovo Lighthouse''' is a lighthouse in [[Parangipettai|Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India]]. It is one of seven [[NAVTEX]] facilitated lighthouses in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=The list of NAVTEX transmitting stations of India |url=https://www.dgll.nic.in/about-DGLL/Service-reminders/navtex}} 7 NATIONAL NAVTEX NETWORK STATIONS OF INDIA.</ref> The lighthouse was established and is maintained by the Directorate of Lighthouses and Lightships at the [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Ministry of Ports]], a ministry of the [[Government of India]].<ref name="PNO">{{cite web|url=https://www.dgll.nic.in/DGLL-light-house-location/about-chennai/portonovo-lighthouse-and-navtex-station|title=Portonovo Lighthouse And Navtex Station|publisher= Established & Maintaining by Directorate of Lighthouses and Lightships, Ministry of Ports, Government of India}}</ref> The lighthouse has three working staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dgll.nic.in/sites/default/files/2022-12/ch7.pdf|title=MASTER LEDGER OF PORTONOVO}}MASTER LEDGER published by Directorate of Lighthouses and Lightships, Ministry of Ports, Government of India.</ref>

The lighthouse comprises a 39 m (128 ft) round cylindrical concrete tower with lantern and double gallery, painted with horizontal red and white bands. The lantern's active focal plane is 36 m (118 ft); a white flash occurs every 15 seconds.

==History==
The port of Portonovo is situated at the mouth of [[Vellar river]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]]. The [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] were invited to trade here by [[Nayaks of Gingee|Gingee Krishnappa Nayaka]], who built this port in 1590.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44148284|title=Port Administration and Maritime Trade of Porto Novo on the Coromandel Coast of India (Cir. 1733-1767)|publisher=Indian History Congress|last=S. Jeyaseela Stephen|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1990|volume=51 |pages=517–523 |jstor=44148284 | issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

The lighthouse is located on the north bank of the mouth of the [[Vellar River]] roughly 30 km from the city of [[Cuddalore]]. At the time of construction, the lighthouse cost 20 lakhs to complete.<ref>{{cite book |author=R. K. Bhanti |url=https://fliphtml5.com/bltdc/buty/basic/166 |title=Lighthouses of India |date=21 July 2000}} Ref Pg. No. 166</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=S. Swaminathan |url=https://studylib.net/doc/27153976/lighthousesinmadraspresidencyabriefhistory |title=History of Science and Technology in Tamil Nadu through the Ages |date=2003 |isbn=981-07-1409-2}} Ref PDF Pg. No. 23</ref>

The lighthouse and shore were affected by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean tsunami]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bookstore.teri.res.in/e_issue_text_1.php?oj_id=359&sector=873|title=An Overview of December 26, 2004 Tsunami Damages in Cuddalore Coastal Area of TamilNadu, India|publisher=Department of Harbour and Ocean Engineering, AMET University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.|date= December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230729474|title=Coastal landforms in between Nagapattinam and PortoNovo, Tamil Nadu, East Coast of India|date=January 2001|author=REVATHY G, SURESHGANDHI M, CHANDRASEKAR N and RA-JAMANICKAM G V}} Pg No. 119-133</ref>

The Union Shipping Minister GK Vasan inaugurated the renovated lighthouse and the Lighthouse Technology Museum by laying the [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for an information exchange program to help fishermen called ''Navtex'' in a program held near the [[Chennai lighthouse]] on November 14, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=100602|title=Madras Lighthouse and A Technical Museum Opened to Visitors|publisher=PIB, Government of India, Ministry of Shipping|date= November 14, 2013}}</ref><ref name="nav2">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/chennai-lighthouse-open-to-visitors-after-22-years-541051|title=Chennai lighthouse open to visitors after 22 years|publisher=ndtv|date= November 14, 2013}}</ref>

The [[NAVTEX]] communication project was implemented at a cost of 20.25 crores to communicate information about [[sea climate]] changes, [[weather]] warnings, and rescue operations directly to ships in print form. Out of seven NAXTEV broadcasting stations in [[India]], two stations (including Portonovo Lighthouse) are located in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="nav">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/marina-lighthouse-reopened-to-visitors/article5350627.ece|title= Marina lighthouse reopened to visitors|date=November 14, 2013|work= The Hindu}}</ref> The NAVTEX system at Portonovo can reach as far as the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It can communicate over a distance of 720 km from shore, benefiting over 15,000 fishermen in Tamil Nadu in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=100608|title=Navtex Chain- Navigational Telex Coverage System Launched|date=November 14, 2013|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Shipping}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}
[[Category:Lighthouses in India]]
[[Category:Lighthouses in Tamil Nadu]]

{{coord|11|30|15|N|79|46|13|E|display=title}}

Pakistani cricket team in India in 2012–13

2026-03-18T13:24:52Z

Notthetag: improved section for clarity

{{short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = Pakistan cricket team in India in 2012–13
| team1_image = Flag of India.svg
| team1_name = India
| team2_image = Flag of Pakistan.svg
| team2_name = Pakistan
| from_date = 25 December 2012
| to_date = 6 January 2013
| team1_captain = [[MS Dhoni]]
| team2_captain = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] (ODI) [[Mohammad Hafeez]] (T20)
| no_of_ODIs = 3
| team1_ODIs_won = 1
| team2_ODIs_won = 2
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[MS Dhoni]] (203)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Nasir Jamshed]] (241)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Ishant Sharma]] (7)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Saeed Ajmal]] (8) [[Junaid Khan (cricketer)|Junaid Khan]] (8)
| player_of_ODI_series = [[Nasir Jamshed]] (Pak)
| no_of_twenty20s = 2
| team1_twenty20s_won = 1
| team2_twenty20s_won = 1
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Yuvraj Singh]] (82)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] (116)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Ashok Dinda]] (4) [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] (4)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Umar Gul]] (7)
| player_of_twenty20_series = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] (Pak)
}}

The [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan cricket team]] toured [[India]] from 25 December 2012 to 6 January 2013. The tour consisted of three [[One Day International]], and two [[Twenty20 International]] matches.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-18854974 | title=Pakistan cricket team to visit India in December | work=BBC News | date=16 July 2012 | access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> This was Pakistan's first cricket tour of India in five years.<ref name="BBCNews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20840805 |title=Pakistan resume India cricket tour in Bangalore |access-date=25 December 2012|work=BBC News}}</ref> Several photography agencies, including [[Getty Images]], have been barred from taking pictures following a dispute with the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]. The Twenty20 series was drawn 1–1; Pakistan won the ODI series 2–1. As of 2026, this is the last bilateral series to have taken place between the two nations.

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
! colspan="2" |[[One Day International]]s
! colspan="2" |[[Twenty20 International]]s
|-
! {{cr|IND}}<ref>[http://bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/index/viewarticle?article=50d6a4ca4da9b-india-s-t20-odi-squads-for-pak-series-announced.html India v Pakhankistan - Indian One-Day Squad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227132632/http://bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/index/viewarticle?article=50d6a4ca4da9b-india-s-t20-odi-squads-for-pak-series-announced.html |date=2012-12-27 }}</ref>
! {{cr|PAK}}<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-pakistan-2012/content/squad/596690.html India v Pakistan - Pakistan One-Day Squad ]</ref>
! {{cr|IND}}<ref>[http://bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/index/viewarticle?article=50d6a4ca4da9b-india-s-t20-odi-squads-for-pak-series-announced.html Indian Twenty20 Squad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227132632/http://bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/index/viewarticle?article=50d6a4ca4da9b-india-s-t20-odi-squads-for-pak-series-announced.html |date=2012-12-27 }}</ref>
! {{cr|PAK}}<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-pakistan-2012/content/squad/596691.html India v Pakistan - Pakistan Twenty20 Squad]</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[MS Dhoni]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Virender Sehwag]]
* [[Gautam Gambhir]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Ishant Sharma]]
* [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
* [[Ashok Dinda]]
* [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
* [[Mohammed Shami]]
* [[Amit Mishra]]
|
* [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Nasir Jamshed]]
* [[Mohammad Hafeez]]
* [[Younus Khan]]
* [[Kamran Akmal]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Shoaib Malik]] 1
* [[Haris Sohail]]
* [[Umar Akmal]]
* [[Saeed Ajmal]]
* [[Wahab Riaz]]
* [[Junaid Khan (cricketer)|Junaid Khan]]
* [[Umar Gul]]
* [[Imran Farhat]]
* [[Azhar Ali]]
* [[Mohammad Irfan]] 1
* [[Anwar Ali (cricketer born 1987)|Anwar Ali]]
* [[Zulfiqar Babar]]
|
* [[MS Dhoni]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Gautam Gambhir]]
* [[Ajinkya Rahane]]
* [[Yuvraj Singh]]
* [[Rohit Sharma]]
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Virat Kohli]]
* [[Ravindra Jadeja]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Ashok Dinda]]
* [[Ishant Sharma]]
* [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]
* [[Parvinder Awana]]
* [[Piyush Chawla]]
* [[Ambati Rayudu]]
|
* [[Mohammad Hafeez]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Shahid Afridi]]
* [[Nasir Jamshed]]
* [[Kamran Akmal]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Ahmed Shehzad]]
* [[Asad Ali (cricketer)|Asad Ali]]
* [[Umar Akmal]]
* [[Shoaib Malik]]
* [[Saeed Ajmal]]
* [[Mohammad Irfan]]
* [[Sohail Tanvir]]
* [[Umar Gul]]
* [[Junaid Khan (cricketer)|Junaid Khan]]
* [[Zulfiqar Babar]]
* [[Umar Amin]]
|}

1 [[Shoaib Malik]] and [[Mohammad Irfan]] were retained in the ODI squad on the basis of performing well in T20I series.

==T20I series==

===1st T20I===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 25 December 2012
| time = 19:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 133/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 134/5 (19.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Gautam Gambhir]] 43 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Umar Gul]] 3/21 (3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] 61 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 3/9 (4 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/589306.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] (Pak)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to bowl.
| rain =
| notes = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] (India) and [[Mohammad Irfan]] (Pakistan) made their [[Twenty20 International]] debuts.
*''[[Mohammad Hafeez]] and [[Shoaib Malik]] added together 106 runs and made the highest 4th wicket partnership breaking the previous record of 101 runs set by [[Shoaib Malik]] and [[Younis Khan]] in [[2007 World Twenty20]] against [[Sri Lanka]].''
*This was Pakistan's first win against India in [[Twenty20 Internationals]].
}}

===2nd T20I===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 28 December 2012
| time = 17:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 192/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 181/7 (20 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 72 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Umar Gul]] 4/37 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Hafeez]] 55 (26)
| wickets2 = [[Ashok Dinda]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| result = India won by 11 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/589307.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Yuvraj Singh]] (Ind)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field.
| notes = [[Gautam Gambhir]] and [[Ashok Dinda]] played their last [[Twenty20 International]].
}}

==ODI series==

===1st ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 30 December 2012
| time = 14:00
| '''day''' = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 227/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 228/4 (48.1 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[MS Dhoni]] 113[[not out|*]] (125)
| wickets1 = [[Junaid Khan (cricketer)|Junaid Khan]] 4/43 (9 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nasir Jamshed]] 101[[not out|*]] (132)
| wickets2 = [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] 2/27 (9 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/589308.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind) and [[Billy Bowden]] (NZ)
| motm = [[MS Dhoni]] (Ind)
| toss = Pakistan won the toss and elected to field
| rain = Match start delayed due to wet field conditions
| notes = [[One Day International|ODI]] debut : [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] (Ind)
}}

===2nd ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 3 January 2013
| time = 12:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 250 (48.3 overs)
| score2 = 165 (48 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Nasir Jamshed]] 106 (124)
| wickets1 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 3/34 (9.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[MS Dhoni]] 54[[not out|*]] (89)
| wickets2 = [[Saeed Ajmal]] 3/20 (10 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 85 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/589309.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]]
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden]] (NZ) and [[Vineet Kulkarni]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Nasir Jamshed]] (Pak)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field
| rain =
| notes = This was [[Virender Sehwag]]'s last ODI match.

}}

===3rd ODI===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 6 January 2013
| time = 12:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|IND}}
| score1 = 167 (43.5 overs)
| score2 =157 (48.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[MS Dhoni]] 36 (55)
| wickets1 = [[Saeed Ajmal]] 5/24 (9.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Misbah-ul-Haq]] 39 (82)
| wickets2 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 3/36 (9.5 overs)
| result = India won by 10 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/589310.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind) and [[Billy Bowden]] (NZ)
| motm = [[MS Dhoni]] (Ind)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to bat
| notes = [[One Day International|ODI]] debut : [[Mohammed Shami]]

}}

==Broadcasters==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! TV Broadcaster(s)
|-
| {{flag|Australia}} || [[Fox Sports (Australia)|Fox Sports]]
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || [[Sky Sports]]
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}} || [[PTV Sports]]
|-
| {{flag|India}} || [[STAR Cricket]]
|-
| {{flag|South Africa}} || [[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|SuperSport]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-pakistan-2012/engine/series/589300.html Tour website on ESPN CricInfo]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121226173727/http://www.bcci.tv/bcci/bccitv/community/fixtures/fixturesindex Fixture on BCCI.tv]

{{International cricket in 2012–13}}
{{International cricket tours of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pakistani Cricket Team In India In 2012-13}}
[[Category:2012 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2012 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:2013 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2013 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 2000–01]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2012–13]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricket tours of India|2012-13]]
[[Category:December 2012 sports events in India]]
[[Category:January 2013 sports events in India]]

{{India-cricket-tour-stub}}

Lungi Dance

2026-03-17T03:59:02Z

Notthetag: creating basic article needs work.

{{Short description|2013 single by Yo Yo Honey Singh}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Lungi Dance
| cover =Lungi Dance cover.jpeg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
| album = [[Chennai Express]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|07|13}}
| format =
| recorded = 2013
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]], [[pop-folk]]
| length =
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| writer = [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]], Lil Golu
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|2kWLyInyjOE|"Lungi Dance"}}}}
}}
"'''Lungi Dance'''" is a 2013 Indian track composed and performed by [[Indian music|Indian]] singer and [[rapper]], [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] for the soundtrack of the 2013 Indian [[masala film]] ''[[Chennai Express]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8Br5HLmP1c|title=The Thalaivar Tribute (Lungi Dance) Feat. Yo Yo Honey Singh|date=23 July 2013 |publisher=[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref> The song is a tribute to Indian actor [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3003573001.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329175751/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3003573001.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2015|title=SRK-Honey Singh Pay Tribute to Rajinikanth in Chennai Express|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=25 June 2013|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=naughty>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/rajinikanth-likes-naughty-lungi-dance-says-shah-rukh-173224-2013-08-07|title=Rajnikanth likes naughty 'Lungi Dance'|work=[[India Today]]|date=8 August 2013 |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/movies/Lungi-Dance-Raghupati-Raghav-Music-review/videoshow/21555530.cms|title='Lungi Dance', 'Raghupati Raghav' Music review|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>

The soundtrack was officially released on 1 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://releasedateindia.in/other/chennai-express-music-release-date.html|title=Chennai Express Music Release date|publisher=ReleaseDateIndia.com|accessdate=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229085014/http://releasedateindia.in/other/chennai-express-music-release-date.html|archive-date=29 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Release==
"Lungi Dance" was released as the ninth single from the album. The launch of the original music of the film took place in [[Mumbai]], where performances were seen by the film's music directors and cast members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery/chennai-express-audio-launch|title=Celebs at the audio launch of Chennai Express|publisher=MSN Entertainment|accessdate=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234728/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery/chennai-express-audio-launch|archive-date=30 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The event's telecast rights were sold to a TV channel for INR48 crore (US$7.7 million).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://businessofcinema.com/business/chennai-express-satellite-rights-sold-for-rs-480-million/88541|title='Chennai Express' satellite rights sold for Rs. 480 million!|publisher=Business of Cinema|accessdate=30 December 2013|date=1 August 2013}}</ref> The song is said to have significantly more popularised the [[lungi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/madras-checks-still-do-the-lungi-dance/article5034039.ece|title=Madras checks still do the Lungi Dance|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 August 2013|accessdate=2014-01-06|author=Susanna Myrtle Lazarus}}</ref> a traditional dress in India.

==Lyrics==
{{listen
| filename = Lungi Dance.ogg
| title = "Lungi Dance"
| description = A sample of "Lungi Dance"
| pos = left
}}
[[File:Rajinikanth at the Inauguration of MGR Statue.jpg|thumb|Actor Rajinikanth in 2018]]
The song was composed by Yo Yo Honey Singh, as a tribute to Indian movie actor [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>MovieReviewPreview.com, [http://www.moviereviewpreview.com/chennai-express-exclusive-lungi-dance-song-review/12783/ "Chennai Express Exclusive: Lungi Dance Song Review"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224053152/http://www.moviereviewpreview.com/chennai-express-exclusive-lungi-dance-song-review/12783/ |date=24 February 2017 }}, ''MovieReviewPreview.com'', July 31, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2017.</ref>

==Critical response==
"Lungi Dance" received mainly mixed reviews from critics in India. Mohar Basu of Koimoi wrote in his review, "I am quite assured that not every Rajni fan has Lungi as their favorite attire and neither will they appreciate Lassi in their coconut! Not that I was expecting meaning in the lyrics of the song, but the song's words are as meaningless as the aimless Deepika Padukone shaking her leg in this too-desperate-to-be-funny song."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/chennai-express-song-review-srks-lungi-dance-is-a-well-intentioned-but-racist-tribute/|title=Chennai Express Song Review: SRK's Lungi Dance is a Well Intentioned But Racist Tribute|publisher=Koimoi|first=Mohar |last=Basu|date=30 July 2013|accessdate=6 January 2014}}</ref> The [[Firstpost]] review said, "I may have to go swallow some Kafka and Faulkner after this column to feel smart again, but at least I know that I have done my Patient Zero duty in spreading the Lungi Dance virus. Thalaivar, everyone!<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/srk-salutes-rajini-you-cant-miss-the-lungi-dance-1013855.html|title=SRK salutes Rajini: you can't miss the 'lungi dance'|date=6 August 2013|accessdate=6 January 2014|first=Anuya |last=Jakatdar|work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

==Controversy==
The film's music composing duo, [[Vishal–Shekhar]], were under the impression that they were the only musicians working on ''Chennai Express''. Meanwhile, Honey Singh was asked by the film director to perform in the promotional song of "Lungi Dance". When rumours surfaced about Honey Singh's involvement, [[Vishal Dadlani]] tweeted, "It's hilarious and pathetic how desperately this tacky rape-rapper is trying to ride on the fame of SRK and Chennai Express (sic)".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ematterz.com/celebrity-gossip/vishal-shekhar-say-no-to-srks-lungi-dance|title=Vishal-Shekhar Say No To SRK's 'Lungi Dance'|publisher=EMatterz|accessdate=30 December 2013|author=}}</ref> The rumour turned out to be true and the composers felt cheated. Dadlani and [[Shekhar Ravjiani]] did not promote the film's music nor attended the film's promos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chennai-express-vishalshekhar-upset-with-srk-over-lungi-dance/411119-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804021001/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chennai-express-vishalshekhar-upset-with-srk-over-lungi-dance/411119-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 August 2013|title=Chennai Express: Vishal-Shekhar upset with SRK over 'Lungi Dance'?|publisher=[[IBN Live]]|accessdate=30 December 2013|date=1 August 2013}}</ref>

==Charts==

===Weekly charts===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+2013 weekly chart performance for "Lungi Dance"
!scope="col"|Chart (2013)
!scope="col"|Peak position
|-
|UK Official Asian Music Chart ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20130901/asian/|title=Asian Music Chart on 1/9/2013|website=officialcharts.com|date= October 11, 2025|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 12
|}

{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+2014 weekly chart performance for "Lungi Dance"
!scope="col"|Chart (2014)
!scope="col"|Peak position
|-
|UK Official Asian Music Chart ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/asian-music-chart/20140112/asian/|title=Asian Music Chart on 12/1/2014|website=officialcharts.com|date= October 11, 2025|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 19
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Yo Yo Honey Singh}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:2013 songs]]
[[Category:Yo Yo Honey Singh songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Yo Yo Honey Singh]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Pop-folk songs]]
[[Category:Indian pop songs]]

Hudud al-'Alam

2026-03-16T06:42:54Z

Notthetag: enhanced details based on references also and fixed typos to improve readability

{{short description|10th-century Persian geography book}}
{{italic title}}

The '''''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam''''' ({{langx|ar|حدود العالم|italic=yes}}, {{lit.}} 'Boundaries of the World', 'Limits of the World', or 'The Regions of the World')<ref name="Iranica">{{iranica|hodud-al-alam}}</ref> is a 10th-century geography book written in [[Persian language|Persian]] by an anonymous author from [[Guzgan]] (present day northern Afghanistan),<ref name="CEB">[[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C. E. Bosworth]] in: [[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]. New Edition, s.v. ḤUDŪD AL-ʿĀLAM</ref> possibly [[Sha'ya ibn Farighun|Šaʿyā bin Farīghūn]].<ref name="Iranica" /> The full title is {{lang|ar|حدود العالم من المشرق الی المغرب|italic=yes}} (''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam min al-Mashriq ilá l-Maghrib'', {{lit.}} "The Boundaries of the World from the East to the West").

The sections of its geographical treatise, which describes the margins of Islamic world, are of great historical importance, including early descriptions of the [[Turkic peoples]] in [[Central Asia]].{{sfn|Bosworth|Asimov|2003|p=221}} Also noteworthy is the archaic language and style of the ''Ḥudud'', making it a valuable Persian linguistic document.<ref name="Iranica" />

==Contents==

In regards to the title, [[Vladimir Minorsky]] commented on it in his 1937 translation as follows: "The word [[Hudud|ḥudūd]] (properly 'boundaries') in our case evidently refers to the 'regions within definite boundaries' into which the world is divided in the Ḥ.-'Ā., the author indicating with special care the frontiers of each one of these areas, v.i., p. 30."

Finished in 982 CE, it was dedicated to [[Abu'l Haret Muhammad]], the ruler of the [[Farighunids]]. Its author is unknown, but [[Vladimir Minorsky]] surmised that it might have been written by the enigmatic [[Sha'ya ibn Farighun|Šaʿyā bin Farīghūn]].<ref name="Iranica" /> The available text of ''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam'' is part of a larger manuscript which contains other works:

#A copy of the ''Jahān-Nāma'' ("Book of The World") by Muḥammad ibn Najīb Bakrān;
#A short passage about music;
#The ''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam;''
#The ''Jāmiʿ al-ʿUlūm'' ("Collection of Knowledge") by [[Fakhr al-Din al-Razi]];

The ''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam'' contains information about the known world at the time. The anonymous author reports about different countries (''nāḥiyat''), people, languages, clothing, food, religion, local products, towns and cities, rivers, seas, lakes, islands, the steppe, deserts, topography, politics and dynasties, as well as trade. The inhabited world is divided in Asia, Europe and "[[Ancient Libya|Libya]]" (i.e. the [[Maghreb]]). The author counts 45 countries north of the equator.{{cn|date=February 2023}} Among other things, Hudud al-Alam appears to mention a [[Rus' Khaganate]]; it refers to the Rus' king as "Khāqān-i Rus".{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=159}}

The author never visited those countries personally, but rather compiled the book from earlier works and tales.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xiv}} He did not indicate his sources, but researchers deduced several 9th-century sources.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xiv}} [[Vladimir Minorsky|Minorsky]] (1937) reconstructed them as follows:
# Non-literary sources, including ''yādhkird-i haklmān'' ("memories of the sages"), ''akhbār'' ("information [heard]"; more fully ''ha-akhbār-hā ba-shanidim'', "the information that we have heard"), and ''dhikr'' ("mention").{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xvi}} It is unclear whether or not these non-literary sources included the author's personal experiences, which were probably limited to his home region of [[Guzgan|Guzganan]], and maybe [[Gilan province|Gilan]].{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xiv–xv}}
# Books, called ''kitāb-hā-yipīshīnagān'' ("books of the predecessors").{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xiv}}
::(a) [[Ibn Khordadbeh]] (I.Kh.), ''[[Book of Roads and Kingdoms (Ibn Khordadbeh)|Book of Roads and Kingdoms]]'' ({{langx|ar|كِتَاب ٱلْمَسَالِك وَٱلْمَمَالِك|translit=Kitāb al-Masālik wa-l-Mamālik}}).{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xvi}} This work shows overlap with the similarly titled now-lost book ''Kitāb al-Masālik wal-Mamālik'' written by [[Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Jayhani]], and therefore these books were sometimes confused with each other.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xvi–xvii}}
::(b) An unknown source also used by [[Ahmad ibn Rustah]], [[Al-Bakri]], [[Gardizi]], [[Muhammad Aufi]], and others.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xvii}} This unknown source is usually identified as the lost book ''Kitāb al-Masālik wal-Mamālik'' written by Jayhani.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xvii}}
::(c) [[Istakhri]] (Ist.), ''Masālik al-Mamālik'' ({{lang|ar|مسالك الممالك}}, "Routes of the Realms") or ''kitab al-masalik wa-l-mamalik'' ({{langx|ar|كتاب المسالك والممالك}} "Book of Roads and Kingdoms", or "Book of the Paths and Provinces"<ref>Fr. Taeschner in ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]''. New Edition, s.v. Djughrāfīya</ref>).{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xviii}} As his source, Istakhri used the work of [[Abu Zayd al-Balkhi]], the ''[[Abu Zayd al-Balkhi|Figures of the Regions]]'' (''Suwar al-aqalim''), and thus he belonged to the Balkhī school.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xviii–xix, 5}} The Balkhī school also included [[Ibn Hawqal]] and [[Al-Maqdisi]], whose works show significant overlap with the ''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam'', but they appear to have directly copied their content from Istakhri rather than via ''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam''.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xviii–xix}}
::(d) [[Al-Masudi]], ''[[The Meadows of Gold]]''. According to Minorsky (1937), as ''Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam'' contains more details about the same topics, the author probably did not directly copy from Masudi's work, but they both drew from a common source 'of which Mas'udī possessed only an abstract. Possibly the same source is responsible for the interesting details on Gīlān.'{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xix}}
::(e) Some contents about Arabia appear to derive from [[Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani|Hamdani]]'s ''Geography of the Arabian Peninsula'' ({{langx|ar|صفة جزيرة العرب|translit=Sifat Jazirat ul-Arab}}), perhaps a more complete version of Ibn Khordadbeh's work, or a yet unknown source.{{sfn|Minorsky|1937|p=xix}}

===Chapters===
# Preface
# The disposition (''nihādh'') of the Earth; the amount of (its) cultivation and lack of cultivation (''miqdār-i ābādhānī va vīrānī'') and its countries (''nāḥiyat-hā'')
# The Seas
# The Islands
# The Mountains
# The Rivers
# The Deserts
# The countries (''nāḥiyat-hā'') of the World
# The country (''nāḥiyat'') of [[China|Chīnistān]]
# The country of [[Hindustan|Hindūstān]]
# The country of [[Tibet]]
# The country of the [[Uyghur Khaganate|Toghuzghuz]] and [[Tatar confederation|Tātār]]
# The country of the [[Yagma|Yaghmā]]
# The country of the [[Kyrgyz Khaganate|Khirkhīz]]
# The country of the [[Karluk Yabghu|Karluk]]
# The country of the [[Chigil]]
# The country of the [[Tuhsi|Tukhs]]
# The country of the [[Yemek|Kīmāk]]
# The country of the [[Oghuz Yabgu State|Ghūz]]
# The country of the [[Pechenegs]]
# The country of the [[Kipchaks|Khifjākh]]
# The country of the [[Eastern Hungarians|Majgharī]]
# The country of [[Khurāsān]]
# The country of the Marches (''ḥudūd'') of Khurāsān
# The country of [[Transoxania]]
# The country of the Marches (''ḥudūd'') of Transoxania
# The country of [[Sind]]
# The country of [[Kerman province|Kirmān]]
# The country of [[Fārs]]
# The country of [[Khūzistān]]
# The country of [[Jibāl]]
# The country of [[Daylam|Daylamān]] (all the Iranian [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]] region)
# The country of [[Iraq|'Irāq]]
# The country of [[Upper Mesopotamia|Jazīra]]
# The country of [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Ādharbādhagān]]
# The country of [[Armīniya]] and [[Arran (Caucasus)|Arrān]]
# The country of the [[Arabia|Arabs]]
# The country of [[Greater Syria|Syria]] (''Shām'')
# The country of [[Egypt]]
# The country of [[Maghreb|Maghrib]]
# The country of [[Hispania|Spain]] (''[[Al-Andalus|Andalus]]'')
# The country of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]] (''[[Rūm]]'') (Includes all of christian Europe, including [[France]], [[Rome]] and [[Great Britain|Britain]])
# The country of the [[Slavs]] (''[[Saqaliba|Ṣaqlāb]]'')
# The country of the [[Kievan Rus'|Rūs]]
# The country of the [[Onogurs|Inner Bulghār]]
# The country of the [[Mirvāt]]
# The country of the [[Pechenegs|Khazarian Pechenegs]]
# The country of the [[Alans|Alān]]
# The country of the [[Sarir|Sarīr]]
# The country of the [[Khazar]]
# The country of the Burṭās ([[Bolghar]] and [[Suar Principality|Suvar]])
# The country of the [[Burtas|Barādhās]]
# The country of the V.n.nd.r (The [[Volga Bulgaria|Volga Bulgarian]] tribes of [[Esegel]], [[Barsil]] and [[Bulgars|Bulgar]])
# Southern Inhabited Lands
# The country of [[Zanj|Zangistān]]
# The country of [[Zabag|Zābaj]]
# The country of [[Abyssinia]]
# The country of [[Beja people|Buja]]
# The country of [[Nubia]]
# The country of the [[Sudan (region)|Sūdān]]
# Epilogue of the book

==Rediscovery and translation==

The [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] scholar [[Alexander Tumansky]] found a manuscript with a copy of this text in 1892 in Bukhara. The copy from the original was made by the Persian chronographer Abu l-Mu'ayyad ʿAbd al-Qayyūm ibn al-Ḥusain ibn 'Alī al-Farīsī in 1258.<ref name="CEB" /> The facsimile edition with introduction and index was published by [[Vasily Bartold]] in 1930; a thoroughly commented English translation was made by Vladmir Minorsky in 1937, and a printed Persian text by [[Manouchehr Sotoudeh|Manouchehr Sotudeh]] in 1962.<ref>The Hejri-ye Shamsi date on the title page of Sotudeh's edition reads in Persian "esfand-mah 1340"; on the 4. cover page, which is in English, the year "1962" is written.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Book of Roads and Kingdoms]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Literature==
* {{Cite book |editor-last1=Bosworth |editor-first1=C. E. |editor-last2=Asimov |editor-first2=M. S. |date=2003 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV. The age of achievement: A. D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ELrRr0L8UOsC |location=Delhi |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publications |pages=745 |isbn=9788120815964}}
* Bosworth, C. E. in: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition'', s.v. ḤUDŪD AL-ʿĀLAM
* {{Cite book |last1=Minorsky |first1=Vladimir |authorlink1=Vladimir Minorsky |date=1937 |title=Hudud al-'Alam, The Regions of the World A Persian Geography, 372 A.H. – 982 A.D. translated and explained by V. Minorsky |url=http://www.kroraina.com/hudud/hudud_al_alam_1937.pdf |location=London |publisher=Luzac & Co. |pages=546}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kroraina.com/hudud/index.html Hudud al-'Alam, The Regions of the World]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=3zB1CQAAQBAJ Hudud al-'Alam at Google Books]

[[Category:10th-century manuscripts]]
[[Category:10th-century Persian books]]
[[Category:Atlases]]

Priyatama (2014 film)

2026-03-04T09:46:58Z

Notthetag: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Priyatama
| image = Priyatama - 2014 Movie Poster.jpg
| director = [[Satish Motling]]
| story = Sachin Darekar
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Siddarth Jadhav]]
* [[Girija Joshi]]
}}
| producer = Sejal Shinde
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''|[[William Shakespeare]]}}
| cinematography = [[Satish Motling]]
| editing = Preetam Naik
| music = Chaitanya Adkar
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|02|14}}
| runtime = 116 minutes
| language = Marathi
| country = India
}}
'''''Priyatama''''' (Marathi:'' प्रियतमा.... खडकाळ माळराणावर फुललेलं एक हळवं प्रीतस्वप्न''<ref>[http://www.zagmag.net/movie/priyatama-a-dreamy-love-story.html Synopsis: प्रियतमा]</ref>) is a 2014 Marathi film. The film is the story of Parsha and Gauri in a small village of [[Maharashtra]] in 1951,<ref>{{YouTube|R1RvkJ-l_wU|Show Movie Trailer: Priyatama Trailer}}</ref> who fall in love despite belonging to different social classes and opposite lifestyles.

''Priyatama'' was released in theaters on 14 February 2014.

==Plot==
Parsha belongs to a community in [[Maharashtra]], known as "Potraj", who are said to be messengers of Goddess [[Lakshmi]], and devote their entire lives to this service. This community travels around and makes temporary shelters at each village, feeding themselves on grains donated by villagers, as they are not allowed to live normal lives. Members of Potraj carry a whip, called Korda, and regularly practice [[mortification of the flesh]], as a way to please Lakshmi.

Parsha soon meets Gauri, a sweet young village girl belonging to a very rich family. Her father is Sarpanch of that village. Initially Gauri is scared of Parsha, but soon she begins to see a different person in him and they both start developing feelings for each other. Their mutual feelings get stronger with every meeting. Soon, they realize that they cannot live without each other, and conflict arises when they face rough reactions from both ends of society.<ref>[http://www.priyatamathemovie.com/Siddharth_Jadhav.html Synopsis: Priyatama Movie]</ref>

The film draws inspiration from Shakespeare's play, ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''.<ref>[http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/15023/marathi/priyatama/preview.htm Story Review: Priyatama Preview]</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Siddarth Jadhav]] as Parsha
* [[Girija Joshi]] as Gauri
* Sagar Satpute as shiva

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Priyatama
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Chaitanya Adkar
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|05|08}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/priyatama-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/880743828 |title=Priyatama (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=8 May 2014 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Marathi
| label = Everest Entertainment
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|kaoQiMKACfA|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

The soundtrack of ''Priyatama'' was composed by Chaitanya Adkar while the lyrics were provided by Prakash Holkar and Abhay Inamdar.

{{Track listing
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=|s=}}
| title1 = Ghungarachya Taalavar
| extra1 = Utkarsh Shinde, [[Bela Shende]]
| length1 = 03:14
| title2 = Tujhya Roopacha Chandana
| extra2 = Prasanjeet Kosambi & [[Aanandi Joshi (singer)|Aanandi Joshi]]
| length2 = 04:30
| title3 = Laagir
| extra3 = [[Adarsh Shinde]]
| length3 = 02:48
| title4 = Udho Udho
| extra4 = Anand Shinde
| length4 = 02:48
| title5 = Daar Ughad
| extra5 = Adarsh Shinde
| length5 = 04:00
| title6 = Priyatama
| extra6 =
| length6 = 01:26
| title7 = Priyatama
| note7 = Remix Version
| extra7 =
| length7 = 02:38
| title8 = Laagir
| note8 = Remix Version
| length8 = 02:14
| title9 = Daar Ughad
| note9 = Remix Version
| length9 = 02:46
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://priyatamathemovie.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|3332772}}

{{Romeo and Juliet film adaptations}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films based on Romeo and Juliet]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]

{{2010s-Marathi-film-stub}}

Mamiyar Mechina Marumagal

2026-03-04T05:01:37Z

Notthetag: creating first details basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mamiyar Mechina Marumagal
| image = Mamiyar Mechina Marumagal poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Krishnan–Panju]]
| screenplay = Kalaipithan
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Ganget Ghode Nhahale]]''}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
* Krishnan–Panju
* [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] {{small|(co-producer)}}
}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[S. S. Rajendran]]|[[M. N. Rajam]]|[[G. Varalakshmi]]}}
| cinematography = S. Maruthi Rao
| editing = Panjabi
| music = [[R. Sudarsanam]]
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1959|1|23|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |title=AVM Movies |url=http://www.avm.in/movies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123053820/http://www.avm.in/movies.html |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=10 December 2021 |website=[[AVM Productions]]}}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Mamiyar Mechina Marumagal''''' ({{translation|The Daughter-in law praised by the Mother-in-law}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film produced by [[AVM Productions]] with [[S. S. Rajendran]], [[M. N. Rajam]] and [[G. Varalakshmi]] starring. The film was released on 23 January 1959.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=8 November 2014 |title=Maamiyaar Mecchina Marumagal (1959) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/maamiyaar-mecchina-marumagal-1959/article6578250.ece |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203134731/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/maamiyaar-mecchina-marumagal-1959/article6578250.ece |archive-date=3 December 2014}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] film ''[[Ganget Ghode Nhahale]]'' (1955).<ref name="Touring Talkies">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNDV719FmX8 |title=எம்ஜிஆருக்கு வந்த கோபம் {{!}} M.Saravanan {{!}} Exclusive Interview {{!}} Chai With Chithra {{!}} Part – 3 |date=3 May 2019 |last=Lakshmanan |first=Chithra |language=ta |publisher=Touring Talkies |author-link=Chitra Lakshmanan |at=From 7:57 to 8:07 |access-date=31 August 2019 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/RNDV719FmX8 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1217387275962634241 |user=NFAIOfficial |title=#Remake Raja Paranjpe's #Marathi situational comedy Ganget Ghoda Nhala (1955) was remade in #Tamil by Krishnan–Panju as Mamiyar Meechiya Marumagal (1959). |author-link=National Film Archive of India |date=15 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116171923/https://twitter.com/NFAIOfficial/status/1217387275962634241 |archive-date=16 January 2020 |url-status=deviated}}</ref> The film failed at the box office.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=314}}

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=December 2021}}
Varalakshmi is an affluent woman, but has no biological children. She brings up her nephew S. S. Rajendran as her son. She wants Rajendran to marry and give her a grandchild. Rajendran is in love with M. N. Rajam, who is poor. Varalakshmi does not approve Rajendran to marry Rajam. However, Rajendran defies her and marries Rajam. Varalakshmi throws both of them out of her mansion. How they beget a child, win over Varalakshmi's love and become a happy family again forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
* [[S. S. Rajendran]]<ref name="hindu" />
* [[M. N. Rajam]]<ref name="hindu" />
* [[G. Varalakshmi]]<ref name="hindu" />

== Production ==
''Mamiyar Mechina Marumagal'' is the first film where M. Saravanan took part in film production; he was credited as a production executive.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=47–50}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[R. Sudarsanam]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam – Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |location=Chennai |pages=183 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song || Singer/s || Lyricist || Duration
|-
| "Pathu Viral Modhiram" || M. L. Vasanthakumari || Kanchi Kamakshi Amman Virutham || 02:25
|-
| "Ranga Ranga" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] & [[Seergazhi Govindarajan]] || rowspan=6|Kavi Rajagopal || 02:45
|-
| "Maithunare Maithunare" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] & [[A. P. Komala]] || 03:26
|-
| "Kanna Vaa Vaa Mani Vannaa" || rowspan=3|M. L. Vasanthakumari ||
|-
| "Inge Irupatha" || 03:24
|-
| "Ilavu Kaaththa Kili Pol Endhan" || 03:13
|-
| "Mazhaiyum peyyudhu" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 03:24
|-
| "Oru Pathu Maadham Uyir Kondu" || S. C. Krishnan || rowspan=4|[[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]]||
|-
| "Vaakkaale Pirar Vaazhvai Kedukka" || rowspan=3|T. M. Soundararajan ||
|-
| "Yokkiyan Enbavan Ulagathile" || 03:20
|-
| "Panam Panam Pandhiyile" || 03:26
|}

== Reception ==
{{Empty section|date=October 2024}}
<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=15 February 1959 |title=மாமியார் மெச்சிய மருமகள் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1959-02-15/page/n75/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241004122226/https://archive.org/details/kalki1959-02-15/page/n75/mode/2up |archive-date=4 October 2024 |access-date=21 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=74–75 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Krishnan–Panju}}
{{AVM Productions}}

[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1959 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1959 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishnan–Panju]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. Sudarsanam]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Marathi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ethiroli

2026-03-04T04:54:27Z

Notthetag: revised

{{short description|1970 film by K. Balachander}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ethiroli poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| producer = G. N. Velumani
| screenplay = K. Balachander
| story = K. V. R. Acharya
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[K. R. Vijaya]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| cinematography = N. Balakrishnan
| editing = N. R. Kittu
| studio = Navarathna Films
| released = {{film date|1970|6|27|df=y}}
| runtime = 166 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Ethiroli''''' ({{IPA|ta|eðiroli|pron}} {{translation|Echo}})<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Hafta letters: Gender issues, creamy layer in quota, Kolkata case |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2024/09/07/hafta-letters-gender-issues-creamy-layer-in-quota-kolkata-case |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20251129032037/https://www.newslaundry.com/2024/09/07/hafta-letters-gender-issues-creamy-layer-in-quota-kolkata-case |archive-date=29 November 2025 |access-date=29 November 2025 |website=[[Newslaundry]] |language=en}}</ref> is a 1970 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[legal drama]] film, directed by [[K. Balachander]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[K. R. Vijaya]]. It was released on 27 June 1970.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=June 2021}}
The story revolves around Advocate Shankar, who gives his daughter seven principles to follow. However, in a critical case that he takes up, Shankar ends up violating each principle, leading to misery in both his case and personal life. The film concludes with his daughter gifting him the same seven principles, which he intends to follow once again.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Advocate Shankar<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1370226094570237953 |user=NFAIOfficial |title=#FridayFeeling: Sivaji Ganesan is seen here as Advocate Shankar in Ethiroli (1970), marking his rare collaboration with filmmaker K. Balachander. #fridaymorning |author=National Film Archive of India |author-link=National Film Archive of India |date=12 March 2021 |access-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312041229/https://twitter.com/NFAIOfficial/status/1370226094570237953 |archive-date=12 March 2021}}</ref>
* [[K. R. Vijaya]] as Vijaya<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[S. S. Rajendran]] as Raju<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[Jyothi Lakshmi]] as Shanti<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[Sivakumar]] as Sundaram<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Kalpana<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[Major Sundarrajan]] as Manickam<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[V. S. Raghavan]] as Public Prosecutor<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[T. S. Balaiah]] as Singapur Minor Balaiya<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[Nagesh]] as Krishna Rao<ref name="dinamalar" />
* [[G. Sakunthala]] as Radhamani
* [[Roja Ramani]] as Raji
* [[O. A. K. Thevar]] as Thevar
* [[Vijaya Lalitha]] as Valli
* [[Peeli Sivam]] as Doctor
* S. R. Prabhakar as Chittor
}}

== Production ==
''Edhiroli'' was the first and only collaboration between Balachander and Ganesan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayar |first=Aashmita |date=24 December 2014 |title=7 Must Watch K Balachander Movies On Youtube |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2014/12/24/k-balachander-movies-yout_n_6377478.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122071937/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2014/12/24/k-balachander-movies-yout_n_6377478.html |archive-date=22 January 2018 |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=பாலசந்தருக்கு சிவாஜிகணேசனுடன் ஏற்பட்ட அனுபவங்கள் |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2021/05/04021318/2600489/cinima-history-sivaji.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506102541/https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinehistory/2021/05/04021318/2600489/cinima-history-sivaji.vpf |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> This was Balachander's first collaboration with Sivakumar.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 July 1979 |title=சிவகுமார் 101 {{!}} 11–20 |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1979-07-08/kalki1979-07-08.pdf |access-date=8 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=62–64 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Themes ==
''Ethiroli'' revolves around the "moral decay of men".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajasekaran |first=Ilangovan |date=23 January 2015 |title=Trend breaker |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/trend-breaker/article6756660.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210619071119/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/trend-breaker/article6756660.ece |archive-date=19 June 2021 |access-date=23 June 2021 |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], with lyrics by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiroli |url=http://tamilsongslyrics123.com/listlyrics/277 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623054718/http://tamilsongslyrics123.com/listlyrics/277 |archive-date=23 June 2021 |access-date=26 March 2021 |website=Songs4all}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Kalyanam Kalyanam" || A. L. Raghavan, [[L. R. Eswari]] || 04:04
|-
| "Kunguma Chimizh" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]], L. R. Eswari || 04:10
|-
| "Maraththa Vachavan" || L. R. Eswari || 03:22
|-
| "Rajavum Vanthituvar" || L. R. Eswari || 02:58
|-
| "Unga Nalla Manasukku" || L. R. Eswari || 03:54
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Ethiroli'' was released on 27 June 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=பாலசந்தர் இயக்கத்தில் சிவாஜி நடித்த ஒரேயொரு படம் எது தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-do-you-know-which-is-the-only-film-directed-by-balachander-starring-shivaji-vin-jbr-763752.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703061213/https://tamil.news18.com/nodeapi/pv-candidate |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "this is quite a different movie. It makes a fairly successful and quite an interesting study of blackmailer and the blackmailed".<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 1970 |title=Cinema |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19700704&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="dinamalar">{{Cite web |date=24 March 2020 |title=பொன்விழா படங்கள்: எதிரொலி - கே.பாலச்சந்தர் இயக்கத்தில் சிவாஜி நடித்த ஒரே படம் |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=86732 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711004329/https://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=86732 |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{K. Balachander}}

[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970s legal drama films]]
[[Category:1970 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Simha Baludu

2026-03-03T21:47:49Z

Notthetag: New

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Simha Baludu
| image = Simha Baludu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
| screenplay = K. Raghavendra Rao
| story = [[D. V. Narasa Raju]]
| producer = D. Sriranga Raju
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Vanisri]]
| cinematography = Kannappa
| editing = K. A. Marthand
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Tirupathi Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1978|8|11}}
| runtime = 159 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Simha Baludu''''' ({{translation|A Man with Lion's Power}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[swashbuckler film]] written and directed by [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] from a story by [[D. V. Narasa Raju]]. It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Vanisri]], with music composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 1978 |title=సింహబలుడు |language=te |work=Sitara |url=https://indiancine.ma/document/IRN/0,0,3477,3785 |access-date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906061425/https://indiancine.ma/document/IRN/0,0,3477,3785 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was released on 11 August 1978 to negative reviews and despite the grand opening ended up as a [[box-office bomb]].

== Plot ==
Once upon a time, a kingdom was ruled by a callow King. Raghunatha Nayaka, the chief commander dedicated to the dynasty, retired. He endorses authority to malice Gajapati, who creates mayhem in the kingdom, wangling the king. Rajendra is a dynamic aim to thwart this monarchy. Meanwhile, Princess Vani wanders in various guises when acquainted with Rajendra, and they crush. On a tournament at the fort, Rajendra triumphs over Gajapati, and the king offers facilitation, which he denies. Whereat, Raghupati detects him as his absconded son who quit for the exact differences. Begrudged, Gajapati proceeds to seize Rajendra and annihilate his village. So, Rajendra onslaughts on the fort to slay Gajapati but is captured. As of now, the King edicts Raghunatha to give his verdict, which ostracizes him to the prisoners' island, and he steps in. Rani Rana Chandi, a vicious monarch, subjects laborers to inhumane conditions and lusts for Rajendra, but he does not yield. Eventually, Vani visits as the guest of honor and aids Rajendra to acquit with remaining destroying the fort. Moreover, they establish a force and fetches a rebellion. Being cognizant of it, Gajapati affronts Raghunatha, so he only moves to apprehend Rajendra. Hereupon, Raghunatha is undone and pleads with his son to assassinate him since he is unable to prevail as a traitor. Rajendra surrenders for his father's integrity. By this time, Gajapati backstabs the king and captures the kingdom. At last, Rajendra ceases the baddies. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the king earmarking Rajendra, the umpire who embarks on democracy.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Rajendra
*[[Vanisri]] as Vani
*[[Rao Gopal Rao]] as Maharaju
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Raghunatha Nayakudu
*[[Mohan Babu]] as Gajapathi
*Tyagaraju as Bhanoji
*[[Mada Venkateswara Rao|Mada]] as Govindu
*[[Sarathi (comedian)|Sarathi]] as Vikata Kavi
*[[P. J. Sarma]] as Mahamantri
*Kakarala
*Jagga Rao
*[[Anjali Devi]] as Bhagyam
*[[Rama Prabha]]
*[[Jayamalini]] as Rani Rana Chandi
*Halam as [[item number]]
*Pallavi as Seeta
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Simha Baludu
| type = film
| artist = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1978
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 23:08
| label = [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]]
| producer = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simha Baludu (1978)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/DMM/info |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2020 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=9 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809212620/https://indiancine.ma/documents/DMM/info }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Endammo Churukkumandhi"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
|4:16
|-
|2
|"Chupulatho Udakesi"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:34
|-
|3
|"Sannajajuloo"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[L.R.Eswari]]
|4:35
|-
|4
|"O Cheli Chali"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|5:09
|-
|5
|"Ee Ganta Gana Gana"
|P. Susheela
|4:34
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0258152}}

{{K. Raghavendra Rao}}

[[Category:1970s historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:1978 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Raghavendra Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Historical epic films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]

Bhoothakaalam

2026-03-03T09:41:33Z

Notthetag: Adding new data

{{Short description|2022 Indian Malayalam horror film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhoothakaalam
| image = Bhoothakalam film poster.jpg
| image_upright = 1.25
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[Rahul Sadasivan]]
| story = Rahul Sadasivan
| producer = {{ubl | Teresa Rani | Sunila Habeeb}}
| screenplay = {{ubl | Rahul Sadasivan | Sreekumar Shreyas}}
| starring = {{Ubl | [[Shane Nigam]] | [[Revathi]] | [[Saiju Kurup]] | James Eliya | [[Athira Patel]]}}
| music = {{ubl|Score: | [[Gopi Sundar]]|Song: | [[Shane Nigam]]}}
| cinematography = [[Shehnad Jalal]]
| studio = {{Ubl | Plan T Films | Shane Nigam Films}}
| distributor = [[SonyLIV]]
| editing = Shafique Mohamed Ali
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|01|21}}
| runtime = 105 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Bhoothakaalam''''' ({{translation|Past}}) is a 2022 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Psychological horror film|psychological]] [[horror film]] written and directed by [[Rahul Sadasivan]], starring [[Shane Nigam]] and [[Revathy]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. r |date=22 January 2022 |title='Bhoothakalam' movie review: Getting the scares right in effortless fashion |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhoothakalam-movie-review-getting-the-scares-right-in-effortless-fashion/article38307652.ece|access-date=24 January 2022 |issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128122954/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhoothakalam-movie-review-getting-the-scares-right-in-effortless-fashion/article38307652.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Anwar Rasheed]] under the banner Plan T Films in association with Shane Nigam Films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bringing novelty back to nightmare escapades |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/jan/25/bringing-novelty-backto-nightmare-escapades-2410909.html|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=25 January 2022 |archive-date=29 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129024348/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/jan/25/bringing-novelty-backto-nightmare-escapades-2410909.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shane Nigam and Revathy team up for Bhoothakaalam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2021/oct/04/shane-nigam-and-revathy-team-up-for-bhoothakaalam-27084.html|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 October 2021 |language=en|archive-date=4 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204082203/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2021/oct/04/shane-nigam-and-revathy-team-up-for-bhoothakaalam-27084.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Gopi Sunder]] handled the background score while Shane Nigam made his debut as a music director as well as producer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/Jan/15/shane-nigam-revathy-film-bhoothakaalam-to-premiere-on-sonyliv-on-jan-21-trailer-released-2406926.html|title = Shane Nigam, Revathy-starrer 'Bhoothakaalam' to premiere on SonyLIV on Jan 21; trailer released| date=15 January 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Shane Nigam flaunts musical skills for Bhoothakaalam – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/shane-nigam-flaunts-musical-skills-for-bhoothakaalam/articleshow/88358578.cms|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |last1=Mathews |first1=Anna|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128195339/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/shane-nigam-flaunts-musical-skills-for-bhoothakaalam/articleshow/88358578.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
The film received critical acclaim for its atmosphere, sound design, and performances, with Revathy winning the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress]] for her role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2022-04-15 |title=Bhoothakaalam review: A gripping psychological horror |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/malayalam-review/bhoothakaalam-review-shane-nigam-revathy-rahul-sadasivan |access-date=2025-12-27 |website=Film Companion}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2022: Revathy wins Best Actress for 'Bhoothakaalam' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kerala-state-film-awards-2022/article67295345.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref>
==Plot==

Asha lives with her son Vinu taking care of her ill mother in a rented house, who later dies. Asha is a school teacher and manages her home's finances single-handedly. Vinu has completed his D.Pharm. and has been searching for a job for almost two years, but in vain. Unable to resist the struggle of unemployment, Vinu resumes his smoking and drinking habits. Asha is depressed and on medication, and frustrated with Vinu not finding a job in the same city.

Vinu begins to witness strange occurrences in the house, as though there were another entity. Initially, he assumes that it was his mother who was trying to show her anger at him, but is later convinced that there is actually somebody else. Just like his friends and relatives, Vinu's mother also thinks that something is wrong with him and at the behest of her brother, after a drunken brawl, takes him to a counselor, George. Vinu, however, does not cooperate with George. While Asha begins to realise that Vinu's feelings about someone else being present in the house is true, George learns from the neighbour about mass deaths in the past in that house, and investigates further to learn that the owner's son staying there years ago had killed his wife and daughter and hung himself for unknown reasons, while another bank manager tenant just escaped death, while getting paralysed though, during his stay. He also finds that both tenants were suffering emotional setbacks due to different reasons back in their time, and were behaving insanely during their stay in the house.

Vinu tries to confide in his girlfriend about the happenings but she doesn't understand. Vinu's uncle concludes that he is insane and has to be admitted in a psychiatric hospital. That very night, Asha tries to poison herself and Vinu at dinner but throws away the poisoned food when she and her son speak, understand each other and decide to reconcile. Soon after the ghosts in the house make their presence known and terrify the two, who manage to escape out.

In the end Asha and Vinu, now reconciled, are shown vacating the house the very next day with the help of the uncle and George.

==Cast==
*[[Revathi]] as Asha
*[[Shane Nigam]] as Vinu
*[[Saiju Kurup]] as George
*James Eliya as Madhu
*[[Athira Patel]] as Priya
*[[Valsala Menon]] as Vinu's grandmother
*[[Abhiram Radhakrishnan]] as Shyam
*[[Gilu Joseph]] as Dr Beena
*[[Manju Sunichen]] as Asha's neighbour
*[[Sneha Sreekumar]] as Vice Principal

==Music==
[[Gopi Sundar]] did the background score for the film. The sole song from the film was written, composed and sung by [[Shane Nigam]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song !! Singer !! Lyricist !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| ''Raa Tharame''||[[Shane Nigam]]
||Shane Nigam
||
|}

==Sound Department==
Vignesh Radhakrishnan and Kishan Mohan did the [[sound design]] and Rahool Syam did the [[Production sound mixer|production sound mix]]. [[Audio mixing|Mix]] and [[Mastering (audio)|mastering]] was done at Sapthaa Records, [[Ernakulam]].

== Themes and analysis ==
{{original research section|date=April 2022}}
Bhoothakaalam deals with themes of psychological disorder and its effects. Though the film presents itself as horror, it is just as much an allegory for grief, trauma, clinical depression and how the central character is slowly going insane. The movie follows a template of connecting psychological disorder with fear inducing fantasy. The film also depicts the portrayal of characters who are affected by mental disorders like clinical depression and substance abuse, delivering a hard reality check on the gravity of such mental issues. The director has used an eerie looking house as a metaphor for the minds of its inhabitants, a mother and son. When the mother has clinical depression, the son also shows similar traits of this suffocating state of mind. Asha is reluctant to take her anti-depressants, and Vinu is addicted to alcohol and drugs as an escape from crushing depression and sleeplessness. Once they both start to experience paranormal activities in the house they live in, their fear becomes real in their minds. The movie shows what psychosis is, a kind of overwhelming fear which is capable of twisting and tweaking reality. This can be a result of many underlying psychic problems like depression or substance abuse.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Bhoothakaalam, on Sony LIV, explores the horrors of the human mind |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/movie-review/bhoothalakam-directed-by-rahul-sadasivan-explores-a-realm-beyond-fears-148288|access-date=30 January 2022 |website=NEWS9LIVE |language=en|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130235509/https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/movie-review/bhoothalakam-directed-by-rahul-sadasivan-explores-a-realm-beyond-fears-148288|url-status=live}}</ref>

Its slow narrative builds this unsettling sense of atmosphere and dread of the unnatural and unknown, along with an unexpected but welcome mystery element. The concept of the paranormal is brought together playing with perspectives mixed with psychological settings. The subject also speaks about the universal fear of isolation and emotional longing. And when attaching this sadness and gloom to the central characters, the experience becomes haunting in a very personal and relatable way.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2022 |title=How Bhoothakalam marks a progression in psychological horror genre in Malayalam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/how-bhoothakalam-marks-a-progression-in-psychological-horror-genre-in-malayalam-7742953/|access-date=30 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en|archive-date=30 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130230959/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/how-bhoothakalam-marks-a-progression-in-psychological-horror-genre-in-malayalam-7742953/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
B Rohan Naahar from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' stated: "Bhoothakaalam has one of the most thrillingly staged conclusions to any horror film in recent memory."<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2022 |title=Bhoothakaalam: Stunning Malayalam horror film is an antidote to the toxic Conjuring franchise |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bhoothakalam-stunning-malayalam-horror-film-sonyliv-7751674/|access-date=8 February 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208115736/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/bhoothakalam-stunning-malayalam-horror-film-sonyliv-7751674/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote: "Bhoothakaalam shows us how to get the scares right, in quite an understated, effortless fashion." calling it a "a textbook in how to scare the audience with minimal use of jump scare techniques."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. r |date=22 January 2022 |title='Bhoothakalam' movie review: Getting the scares right in effortless fashion |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhoothakalam-movie-review-getting-the-scares-right-in-effortless-fashion/article38307652.ece|access-date=28 January 2022 |issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128122954/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhoothakalam-movie-review-getting-the-scares-right-in-effortless-fashion/article38307652.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajin Srijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 4/5 stars and described Bhoothakaalam as a "Gimmick-free, supremely effective horror flick."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoothakaalam: Gimmick-free, supremely effective horror flick |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/jan/21/bhoothakaalam-gimmick-free-supremely-effective-horror-flick-2409287.html|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=The New Indian Express|date=21 January 2022 |archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128195340/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/jan/21/bhoothakaalam-gimmick-free-supremely-effective-horror-flick-2409287.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', Devarsi Ghosh wrote that the film is a "moving mental health drama disguised as horror," praising the writing, acting and direction."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=Bhoothakaalam movie review: Shane Nigam and Revathy's film is moving mental health drama disguised as horror |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/bhoothakaalam-movie-review-shane-nigam-and-revathy-s-film-is-moving-mental-health-drama-disguised-as-horror-101642687495518.html|access-date=2022-01-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202071426/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/bhoothakaalam-movie-review-shane-nigam-and-revathy-s-film-is-moving-mental-health-drama-disguised-as-horror-101642687495518.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Deepa Soman of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 and wrote: "Though it's all staple horror film elements, thanks to the performance of the lead actors – one stays enticed till the last moment of the film to see how things turn out for the family in distress."<ref>{{Citation |title=Bhoothakaalam Review: A stereotypical yet intriguing horror tale |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/malayalam/bhoothakaalam/ottmoviereview/88996507.cms|access-date=2022-01-28 |last1=Soman |first1=Deepa|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123143548/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/malayalam/bhoothakaalam/ottmoviereview/88996507.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave the film 4 out of 5 stars praising the story, direction, performance, cinematography. She mentioned "mental health, the pressure of elder care, alcoholism, drug abuse, a flawed education system, unemployment."<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Bhoothakaalam movie review: Terrifying mind games with Revathy and Shane Nigam on board |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bhoothakaalam-movie-review-terrifying-mind-games-with-revathy-and-shane-nigam-on-board-10306671.html|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128203323/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bhoothakaalam-movie-review-terrifying-mind-games-with-revathy-and-shane-nigam-on-board-10306671.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, the film is "fleshed out with commendable control by Revathi and Shane Nigam" as they "confront a rapid unravelling of their lives in a house where a dark secret lurks in the shadows."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoothakaalam Review: Revathi Is Flawless In Must-Watch Film |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bhoothakaalam-review-revathi-is-flawless-in-must-watch-film-3-5-stars-2720829|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=NDTV|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202032931/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bhoothakaalam-review-revathi-is-flawless-in-must-watch-film-3-5-stars-2720829|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sowmya Rajendran]] of ''[[The News Minute]]'' stated, the film became " one of the scariest horror films to come out in recent times."<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2022 |title=Bhoothakaalam: How the Malayalam horror film reinvents the haunted house |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bhoothakaalam-how-malayalam-horror-film-reinvents-haunted-house-160224|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128222903/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bhoothakaalam-how-malayalam-horror-film-reinvents-haunted-house-160224|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sanjith Sidhardhan from OTTplay gave 3.5 /5 stars and called performances of lead cast "powerful," while appreciating "eerie atmosphere in which most of the story evolves."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoothakaalam movie review: Shane Nigam, Revathi's terrific performances will keep you on tenterhooks |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/bhoothakaalam-movie-review-shane-nigam-revathis-terrific-performances-will-keep-you-on-tenterhooks/4a5efc7c2e204|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=OTTPlay |language=en|archive-date=29 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129000556/https://www.ottplay.com/review/bhoothakaalam-movie-review-shane-nigam-revathis-terrific-performances-will-keep-you-on-tenterhooks/4a5efc7c2e204|url-status=live}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 and wrote, "Shane Nigam is impressive as the man staring into the abyss while Revathi channels the pain of a torment soul. Together, they draw us by the collar and retain the hold till the very end."<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Bhoothakaalam review: Revathy, Shane Nigam deliver a physiological doozy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhoothakaalam-review-revathy-shane-nigam-deliver-physiological-doozy-7734764/|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201214741/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhoothakaalam-review-revathy-shane-nigam-deliver-physiological-doozy-7734764/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cris from ''[[The News Minute]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 and stated, "Bhoothakaalam is a well-prepared movie, scripted carefully and made richer by beautiful performances."<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Bhoothakaalam review: This Revathy-Shane Nigam film is a tightly scripted horror ride |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bhoothakaalam-review-revathy-shane-nigam-film-tightly-scripted-horror-ride-160087|access-date=8 February 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208115934/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bhoothakaalam-review-revathy-shane-nigam-film-tightly-scripted-horror-ride-160087|url-status=live}}</ref>

Filmmaker [[Ram Gopal Varma]] tweeted that he hasn't seen a more realistic horror film than Bhoothakaalam since William Friedkin's ''[[The Exorcist]]'' (1973).<ref>{{Cite web |last=റിപ്പോർട്ടർ |first=ഫിൽമി |date=24 January 2022 |title='ഭൂതകാലം', 'എക്സോസിസ്റ്റി'നു ശേഷം കണ്ട മികച്ച ഹൊറർ ചിത്രം: റാം ഗോപാൽ വർമ്മ |url=https://www.reporterlive.com/film-news/best-horror-movie-after-bhoothakalam-and-exocist-ram-gopal-varma-69613|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=www.reporterlive.com |language=ml|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124095243/https://www.reporterlive.com/film-news/best-horror-movie-after-bhoothakalam-and-exocist-ram-gopal-varma-69613|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhoothakalam: Director Ram Gopal Varma believes it is the next best realistic horror film, after Exorcist |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/bhoothakalam-director-ram-gopal-varma-believes-it-is-the-next-best-realistic-horror-film-after-exorcist/49fc739ce1732|access-date=28 January 2022 |website=OTTPlay |language=en|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128222906/https://www.ottplay.com/news/bhoothakalam-director-ram-gopal-varma-believes-it-is-the-next-best-realistic-horror-film-after-exorcist/49fc739ce1732|url-status=live}}</ref>

Film critic [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] ranked it second in her year-end list of best Malayalam films.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/best-malayalam-films-2022-a-year-so-good-that-keeping-this-list-down-to-10-was-impossible-11875531.html |title=Best Malayalam Films 2022: A year so good that keeping this list down to 10 was impossible |author=Anna M. M. Vetticad |website=Firstpost |date=26 December 2022|access-date=4 January 2024|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102014605/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/best-malayalam-films-2022-a-year-so-good-that-keeping-this-list-down-to-10-was-impossible-11875531.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|[[52nd Kerala State Film Awards|2022]]
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Revathi]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2022 |title=52nd Kerala State Film Awards: The complete winners list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/52nd-kerala-state-film-awards-the-full-winners-list-live-updates-7939205/ |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615072227/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/52nd-kerala-state-film-awards-the-full-winners-list-live-updates-7939205/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[68th Filmfare Awards South|2022]]
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Critics Best Actress]]
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Best Actress – Malayalam]]
|[[Revathi]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-68th-filmfare-awards-south-malayalam-2023_-67192.html|title = Winners of the 68th Filmfare Awards South (Malayalam) 2023}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==

* ''[[Bramayugam]]''
* ''[[Diés Iraé]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|15560626|Bhoothakalam}}
*[https://letterboxd.com/film/bhoothakaalam/ Bhoothakalam] on [[Letterboxd]]

[[Category:2022 horror films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

Jayan quotes

2026-02-21T23:19:23Z

Notthetag:

{{Short description|Satirical quotes}}
{{notability|date=June 2013}}
'''Jayan quotes''' (ജയൻ ചൊല്ലുകൾ) or '''Jayan dialogues''' (ജയൻ ഡയലോഗുകൾ) are satirical quotes of [[superhuman strength]] in Malayalam that are based on the late action star [[Jayan]]. Jayan worked in [[Malayalam cinema]], a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala. Jayan quotes began as an internet and SMS phenomenon amongst [[Malayalee]]s around the world in the early 2000s following a resurgence of the actor's popularity in the late 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalamsms.in/2010/07/malayalam-actor-jayan-dialogues-funny.html |title=Jayan dialogues funny- Malayalam |publisher=malayalamsms.in|date= |access-date=2011-04-20}}</ref> These satirical quotes are similar to memes around [[Chuck Norris]], [[Kyle Katarn]], [[Rajnikanth]], and [[Dharmendra]]. The quotes attained mainstream attention and have become part of popular culture in Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |title=Reminiscing about Jayan and his ways |work=The Hindu |date=2006-07-02 }}</ref>
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}

==Origin==

===Jayan's superhuman image===
The idea behind the quotes began with Jayan's stunt performances in action thrillers of the late 1970s, for which the actor seldom relied on stunt doubles.<ref name="N">{{cite web |date= |title=Jayan Love You All-Nostalgia |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=6277088&programId=7940855&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |access-date=2011-05-05 |publisher=manoramaonline.com |archive-date=2011-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826051616/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/malayalamContentView.do?contentId=6277088&programId=7940855&channelId=-1073750705&BV_ID=@@@&tabId=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011-04-24 |title=Jayan articles- Hackorama |url=http://www.hackorama.com/jayan/articles.shtml |access-date=2011-04-20 |publisher=hackorama.com |archive-date=2010-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231081106/http://www.hackorama.com/jayan/articles.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> The stunts, along with his machismo image, deep voice, and unique attire contributed to Jayan's superhero personna. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image and style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll137/srikanthdileep/Action%20Hero%20Jayan-%20Memoirs/Image0326.jpg |title=Jayan of the new millennium |publisher=Mathrubhoomi weekly |date=2010-11-21 |access-date=2011-04-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082727/http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll137/srikanthdileep/Action%20Hero%20Jayan-%20Memoirs/Image0326.jpg |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref>

===1990s Mimics Movement===
Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among Malayalee communities in the 1990s. Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations and skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength.<ref name="N"/><ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Jayan & Mammootty dupes meet in reality show |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OPr2iL7U54 |access-date=2011-04-21 |publisher=rasika raja |archive-date=2016-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202011227/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5OPr2iL7U54 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Format==
Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids and jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geocities.com/ente_maaveli/jayan.htm |title=Those unmistakeable Jayan quotes |publisher= |date= |access-date=2011-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022015827/http://geocities.com/ente_maaveli/jayan.htm |archive-date=2009-10-22}}</ref> Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was "this", could've turned into "that" or If "this" was available, (I) could've done "that". For example, a popular Jayan quote is "If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of [[carrom]]". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: "What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?"

===Voice and style===
The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by [[Alleppey Ashraf]], a popular mimicry artist of the time.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-11-21 |title=The origin of Jayan quotes |url=http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll137/srikanthdileep/Action%20Hero%20Jayan-%20Memoirs/Image0327.jpg |access-date=2011-04-25 |publisher=Mathrubhoomi weekly |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082634/http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll137/srikanthdileep/Action%20Hero%20Jayan-%20Memoirs/Image0327.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=I made Jayan famous- Alleppey Ashraf- istream |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsCXLOGO31A |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202011227/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsCXLOGO31A |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 2, 2016 |access-date=2011-04-20 |publisher=youtube.com}}</ref> Actor Jayan is not known to have ever uttered a single Jayan quote during his life.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-11-25 |title=The one and only Jayan |url=http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll137/srikanthdileep/Action%20Hero%20Jayan-%20Memoirs/Image0332.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721082529/http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll137/srikanthdileep/Action%20Hero%20Jayan-%20Memoirs/Image0332.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |access-date=2011-04-23 |publisher=Chithrabhoomi}}</ref>

===Popular quotes===
English translations of some of the highly popular quotes are given below:<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Jayan quotes- Hackorama |url=http://www.hackorama.com/jayan/quotes.shtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125043614/http://www.hackorama.com/jayan/quotes.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 25, 2013 |access-date=2011-04-20 |publisher=hackorama.com}}</ref>
* Had I got a python, could have used it as a belt
* If a storm blew, could've enjoyed the breeze.
* If a volcano blew, could've enjoyed the warmth.
* If the sun could be reached, could've enjoyed a sun bath.
* If a knife was available, could've pricked the skin.
* If there was an elephant here, could've done some wrestling (same quote replacing elephant with "crocodile")
<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/jayans-41st-death-anniversary-iconic-dialogues-of-the-late-action-superstar-that-will-give-you-goosebumps/photostory/87730496.cms?picid=87731031</ref>

All of the above dialogues are said by the impersonators on tv shows and stage shows, and not by Jayan, it’s just an exaggerated dialogues of how great Jayan was in his golden era.

==See also==
* [[Chuck Norris facts]]

== Bibliography ==
* Mathrubhumi Weekly, November 21, 2010
* Chithrabhumi, November 25, 2010

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2000s neologisms]]
[[Category:Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Internet memes introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Internet memes introduced from India]]
[[Category:Film and television memes]]

2021 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections

2026-02-12T04:41:17Z

Notthetag: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|Elections to Urban Local Bodies in Andhra Pradesh in 2021}}
{{Update|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2021 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = yes
| previous_election = 2014 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections
| previous_year = 2014
| next_election = Next Andhra Pradesh Urban Local Bodies Elections Results
| next_year = 2026
| election_date = 10 March 2021
| seats_for_election = 87
| turnout =
| leader1 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| party1 = [[YSR Congress Party]] -- 13 -- 84
| percentage1 = 52.63%
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Lotus flower symbol.svg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Hand INC.svg||bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=16|oTop=0}}
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Chandrababu Naidu 2017.jpg|bSize = 135 |cWidth = 110 |cHeight = 150|oTop = |oLeft = 10}}
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image =The Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy.jpg|bSize = 135 |cWidth = 110 |cHeight = 150|oTop = 05 |oLeft = 20}}
| leader2 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| party2 = [[Telugu Desam Party]] -- 0 -- 3
| percentage2 = 30.73%
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Pawan2.jpg|bSize = 135 |cWidth = 110 |cHeight = 150|oTop = 05 |oLeft = 20}}
| leader3 = [[Pawan Kalyan]]
| party3 = [[Jana Sena Party]] -- 0 -- 0
| percentage3 = 4.67&
| party5 = [[Indian National Congress]] -- 0 -- 0
| leader5 = [[Sake Sailajanath]]
| percentage5 = .6%
| party4 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] -- 0 -- 0
| leader4 = [[Somu Veerraju]]
| percentage4 = 2.41%
}}

Urban local body elections to 12 [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporations]] and 75 [[Municipal council (India)|municipal councils]] and [[Nagar panchayat|nagar panchayats]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]] were held on 10 March 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2021/feb/15/andhra-pradesh-municipal-polls-to-be-held-on-march-10-counting-on-march-14-2264275.html|title=Andhra Pradesh municipal polls to be held on March 10, counting on March 14|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=15 February 2021|access-date=15 February 2021}}</ref>

Elections to the remaining [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporations]], [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Councils]] and [[Nagar panchayat|Nagar Panchayats]] are not held due to issues like court cases, delay in preparation of electoral rolls, problems in delimitation of wards and creation of new bodies.

== Background ==

The elections were previously scheduled on March 23 were post-poned due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]]. The election process will be continued from the previous nominations filed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bandari|first=Pavan Kumar|date=2021-02-15|title=Andhra Pradesh: SEC contemplates to start Municipal Elections process soon|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-sec-contemplates-to-start-municipal-elections-process-soon-672188|access-date=2021-02-16|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref> The elections will be held in 12 municipal corporations and 75 municipalities and nagara panchaytis. Elections will not be conducted in [[Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation]], [[Nellore Municipal Corporation]], [[Srikakulam Municipal Corporation]] and 29 municipalities/nagara panchayatis.

==Election schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!'''Event'''
!'''Date'''
|-
| Date for Nominations
| 11 March 2020
|-
| Last Date for filing Nominations
| 13 March 2020
|-
| Date for scrutiny of nominations
| 14 March 2020
|-
| Date for commencement of withdrawal of candidature
| 2 March 2021
|-
| Last date for withdrawal of candidatures and
publication of contesting candidates
| 3 March 2021
|-
|Election campaign Last Date
|8 March 2021
|-
| Date of poll
| 10 March 2021
|-
| Date of re-poll, if any
| 13 March 2021
|-
| Date of counting
| 14 March 2021
|-
| Date before which the election shall be completed
|
|}
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://react.etvbharat.com/english/national/state/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-municipal-polls-on-march-10/na20210215122237827|title=Andhra Pradesh municipal polls on March 10|work=[[Eenadu]]|date=15 February 2021|access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

== Election results ==

=== Party wise Results ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''S.No.'''
! '''Party'''
! colspan="2" |'''Symbol'''
! Municipal Corporations
! Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
!Total
|-
|1.
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ceiling_Fan.svg|55px]]
|13
|57
|27
|97
|-
|2.
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Cycle.png|50px]]
|0
|2
|1
|3
|-
|3.
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Jana Sena Party}}" |
|[[File:Indian_election_symbol_glass_tumbler.svg|45px]]
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|4.
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
|[[File:Indian National Congress symbol.svg|30px]]
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|5.
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|bgcolor="orange"|
|[[File:BJP election symbol.png|45px]]
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|6.
| colspan="3" align="left" |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|7.
| colspan="3" align="left" |Others
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" |'''Total'''
|13
|59
|28
|100
|}

=== District wise Results ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!District
!Total
! [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
! [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
! [[Jana Sena Party]]
! [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
! Others
! Total
|-
|[[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
|3
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|-
|[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|5
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|5
|-
|[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
|3
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|-
|[[East Godavari]]
|10
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|-
|[[West Godavari]]
|6
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|-
|[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|9
|8
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|9
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|9
|9
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|9
|-
|[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|8
|7
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|8
|-
|[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|6
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6
|-
|[[YSR district|Kadapa]]
|10
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|10
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|12
|11
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|12
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|8
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|7
|-
!Total
!100
!97
!3
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!100
|}

==== Srikakulam ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|
|Ichchapuram, Palasa-Kasibugga
|Palakonda
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Vizianagaram ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Vizianagaram
|Bobbili, Parvathipuram, Saluru
|Nellimarla
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Vishakapatnam ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Greater Vishakapatnam
|Narsipatnam, Yelamanchali
|
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== East Godavari ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|
|Tuni, Amalapuram, Phitapuram, Samarlakota, Mandapeta, Ramachandrapuram, Peddapuram
|Yeleswaram, Gollaprolu, Mumadivaram
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== West Godavari ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Eluru
|Narsapuram, Nidadavolu, Kovvuru
|Jangareddygudem, Akividu
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Krishna ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
!Total
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Vijayawada, Machilipatnam
|Pedana, Nuzuvidu, Jaggayyapeta
|Vuyyuru, Nandigama, Tiruvuru
|
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|Kondapalli
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Guntur ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Guntur
|Macherla, Piduguralla, Satenapalli, Tenali, Repalle, Chilakalurupeta, Vinukonda
|Gurazala, Dachepalle
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Prakasam ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
!Total
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Ongole
|Chirala, Markapuram, Addanki
|Kanigiri, Giddaluru
|
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|Darsi
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Nellore ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Nellore
|Venkatagiri, Atmakuru, Sullurupeta
|Naidupeta, Buchireddypalem
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Anantapuramu ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Anantapur
|Hindupur, Gunthakalu, Dharmavaram, Kadiri, Rayadurgam, Goothy, Kalyanadurgam
|Puttaparthi, Madakasira, Penukonda
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|Tadipatri
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Kurnool ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Kurnool
|Dhone, Adoni, Yemmiganuru, Nandyala, Nandikotkuru
|Atmakuru, Guduru, Allagadda, Bhethamcherla
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Kadapa ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Kadapa
|Pulivendula, Rayachoti, Jammalamadugu, Badvel, Produtur, Mydukur, Rajamepta
|Yerragundla, Kamalapuram
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

==== Chittoor ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! '''Party'''
! Municipal Corporations
!Municipal Councils
!Nagar Panchayats
|-
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|Chittoor, Tirupathi
|Punganur, Palamaneru, Madanapalli, Nagari, Putturu, Kuppam
|
|-
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|
|
|
|-
|Others
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" |'''Total'''
|
|
|
|-
|}

=== Ward wise Results ===
==== Municipal corporations ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!District
!Municipal corporation
!Total wards
![[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
![[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
![[Jana Sena Party|JSP]]
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
![[Independent politician|Independents]]
!Others
|-
|[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]]
|98
|59
|29
|3
|1
|6
|0
|-
|[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Vijayawada Municipal Corporation]]
|64
|49
|14
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Guntur Municipal Corporation]]
|57
|43
|10
|2
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|[[Nellore Municipal Corporation]]
|54
|54
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Tirupati Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|48
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Kurnool Municipal Corporation]]
|52
|44
|6
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Ongole Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|41
|6
|1
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|44
|5
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Kadapa Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|48
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|[[Vizianagaram Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|48
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Anantapur Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|48
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|[[Eluru Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|47
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Chittoor Municipal Corporation]]
|50
|46
|3
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|Total
| Total
!725
!619
!79
!7
!1
!18
!0
|}

==== Municipal Councils ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!District
! Municipal Councils
!Total wards
![[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
![[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
![[Jana Sena Party|JSP]]
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
!|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
!Others
|-
|[[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
|[[Ichchapuram |Ichchapuram Municipality]]
|23
|15
|6
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
|[[Palasa-Kasibugga|Palasa-Kasibugga Municipality]]
|31
|23
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|[[Bobbili|Bobbili Municipality]]
|31
|19
|11
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|[[Parvathipuram, Andhra Pradesh|Parvathipuram Municipality]]
|30
|22
|5
|0
|0
|3
|0
|-
|[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|[[Salur|Salur Municipality]]
|29
|20
|5
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
|[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Narsipatnam|Narsipatnam Municipality ]]
|28
|14
|12
|1
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Elamanchili|Elamanchili Municipality]]
|25
|23
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Amalapuram|Amalapuram Municipality]]
|30
|19
|4
|6
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Tuni|Tuni Municipality]]
|30
|30
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Pithapuram|Pithapuram Municipality]]
|30
|20
|6
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Samalkota|Samalkota Municipality]]
|31
|29
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Mandapeta|Mandapeta Municipality ]]
|30
|22
|7
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Ramachandrapuram, East Godavari|Ramachandrapuram Municipality]]
|28
|24
|1
|1
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Peddapuram|Peddapuram Municipality]]
|29
|26
|2
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|[[Narasapuram|Narasapuram Municipality]]
|31
|24
|1
|4
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|[[Nidadavolu|Nidadavolu Municipality]]
|28
|27
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|[[Kovvur|Kovvur Municipality]]
|23
|15
|7
|0
|1
|0
|0
|-
||[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Kondapalli|Kondapalli Municipality]]
|29
|14
|14
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
||[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Jaggayyapeta|Jaggayyapeta Municipality]]
|31
|17
|14
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Nuzvid|Nuzvid Municipality]]
|32
|25
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Pedana|Pedana Municipality]]
|23
|21
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Tenali|Tenali Municipality]]
|40
|32
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Chilakaluripet |Chilakaluripet Municipality]]
|38
|30
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Repalle|Repalle Municipality]]
|28
|26
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Macherla|Macherla Municipality]]
|31
|31
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Sattenapalle|Sattenapalle Municipality]]
|31
|24
|4
|1
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Vinukonda|Vinukonda Municipality]]
|32
|28
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Piduguralla|Piduguralla Municipality]]
|33
|33
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Chirala|Chirala Municipality]]
|33
|30
|1
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Markapur|Markapur Municipality]]
|35
|30
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|[[Venkatagiri|Venkatagiri Municipality]]
|25
|25
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|[[Atmakur, Nellore district|Atmakur Municipality]]
|23
|21
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|[[Sullurpeta| Sullurpeta Municipality]]
|25
|24
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Hindupur|Hindupur Municipality]]
|38
|29
|6
|0
|1
|2
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Guntakal|Guntakal Municipality]]
|37
|28
|7
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Tadipatri|Tadipatri Municipality]]
|36
|16
|18
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Dharmavaram, Anantapur district|Dharmavaram Municipality]]
|40
|40
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Kadiri|Kadiri Municipality]]
|36
|30
|5
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Rayadurg|Rayadurg Municipality]]
|32
|30
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Gooty|Gooty Municipality]]
|25
|24
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Kalyandurgam|Kalyandurgam Municipality]]
|24
|20
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Adoni|Adoni Municipality]]
|42
|41
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Nandyal|Nandyal Municipality]]
|42
|37
|4
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Yemmiganur|Yemmiganur Municipality]]
|34
|31
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Dhone|Dhone Municipality]]
|32
|31
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Nandikotkur|Nandikotkur Municipality]]
|29
|21
|1
|0
|0
|7
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Allagadda|Allagadda Municipality]]
|27
|22
|2
|0
|2
|1
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Atmakur, Kurnool district|Atmakur Municipality]]
|24
|23
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Rajampet|Rajampet Municipality]]
|29
|24
|4
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Proddatur|Proddatur Municipality]]
|41
|40
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Pulivendula|Pulivendula Municipality]]
|33
|33
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Badvel|Badvel Municipality]]
|35
|28
|3
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Rayachoti|Rayachoti Municipality]]
|34
|34
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Madanapalle|Madanapalle Municipality]]
|35
|33
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Punganur|Punganur Municipality]]
|31
|31
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Palamaner|Palamaner Municipality]]
|26
|24
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Nagari, Andhra Pradesh|Nagari Municipality]]
|29
|24
|4
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh|Puttur Municipality]]
|27
|22
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|[[Kuppam|Kuppam Municipality]]
|25
|19
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Total
|Total
!1819
!1518
!232
!15
!4
!50
!0
|}

==== Nagar Panchayats ====

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!District
!Nagar Panchayat
!Total wards
![[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
![[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
![[Jana Sena Party|JSP]]
![[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
!|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
!Others
|-
|[[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
|[[Palakonda|Palakonda Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|17
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|[[Nellimarla|Nellimarla Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|11
|7
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
||[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Dachepalle|Dachepalle Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|11
|7
|1
|0
|1
|0
|-
||[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|[[Gurazala|Gurazala Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|16
|3
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Yeleswaram|Yeleswaram Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|16
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Gollaprolu|Gollaprolu Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|18
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|[[Mummidivaram|Mummidivaram Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|14
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|[[Akividu|Akividu Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|12
|4
|3
|0
|1
|0
|-
|[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|[[Jangareddygudem|Jangareddygudem Nagar Panchayat]]
|29
|25
|3
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Vuyyuru|Vuyyuru Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|16
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Nandigama|Nandigama Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|13
|6
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|[[Tiruvuru|Tiruvuru Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|17
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Darsi|Darsi Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|7
|13
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Addanki|Addanki Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|12
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Chimakurthy|Chimakurthy Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|18
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Kanigiri|Kanigiri Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|20
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|[[Giddalur|Giddalur Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|16
|3
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
||[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|[[Naidupeta|Naidupeta Nagar Panchayat ]]
|25
|23
|1
|0
|1
|0
|0
|-
||[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|[[Buchireddypalem|Buchireddypalem Nagar Panchayat ]]
|20
|18
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Penukonda|Penukonda Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|18
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Puttaparthi|Puttaparthi Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|15
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
||[[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
|[[Madakasira|Madakasira Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|15
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Gudur|Gudur Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|12
|3
|0
|1
|4
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Jammalamadugu|Jammalamadugu Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|18
|0
|0
|2
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Mydukur|Mydukur Nagar Panchayat]]
|24
|11
|12
|1
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Yerraguntla|Yerraguntla Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|20
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|[[Kamalapuram, Kadapa|Kamalapuram Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|15
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|[[Bethamcherla|Bethamcherla Nagar Panchayat]]
|20
|14
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|Total
|Total
!578
!438
!118
!6
!4
!10
!0
|}

== See also ==

* [[2014 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections]]
* [[2021 Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation election]]
* [[2021 Vijayawada Municipal Corporation election]]
* [[2021 Guntur Municipal Corporation election]]
*[[2021 Eluru Municipal Corporation election]]
*[[2021 Ongole Municipal Corporation election]]
*[[2021 Vizianagaram Municipal Corporation election]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

*[https://sec.ap.gov.in/Doc21/ULB_Elections_2021_Notifications.pdf Urban Local Bodies election notification and schedule]{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Andhra Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:2021 local elections in Andhra Pradesh|*]]
[[Category:2021 elections in India]]

Kunwar Bai Yadav

2026-02-07T23:46:45Z

Notthetag: started a post...

{{Infobox person
| name = Kunwar Bai Yadav
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and given age|2018|2|23|106|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Raipur]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| other_names =
| occupation = Activist
| years_active =
| known_for = Toilets
| notable_works =
}}

'''Kunwar Bai Yadav''' (died 23 February 2018, aged 106)<ref name=ET>{{cite news|title=Kunwar Bai, the 106-year-old icon for Swachh Bharat campaign, dies|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kunwar-bai-the-106-year-old-icon-for-swachh-bharat-campaign-dies/articleshow/63048609.cms|access-date=24 February 2018|work=The Economic Times|date=23 February 2018}}</ref> was a woman who lived in a village in [[Dhamtari district]] in the central [[India]]n state of [[Chhattisgarh]]. In her old age, inspired by the [[Swachh Bharat Abhiyan]] (Clean India Campaign), she sold seven of her goats to raise the money to build a toilet at her house. In 2016, the district was declared the first in the state to be free of [[open defecation]], and she was declared a mascot of the campaign and visited by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].

==Life==
Yadav lived in Kotabharri, a village in Dhamtari district, Chhattisgarh. The villagers had always defecated in the open, in the forest. In 2015, she heard about toilets for the first time in a presentation at the local school as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a campaign to end open defecation by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].
She sold seven of her two dozen goats, her only available assets, and with the help of a daughter-in-law who works as a day labourer, raised the {{INR}}22,000 to build a toilet at the house she shared with her family. Others in the village followed suit, and, in late 2016, the district became officially free of open defecation, the first district in the State to achieve this.<ref name=BBC>{{Cite news |author=Geeta Pandey |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-37799425|title=How a 105-year-old ended open defecation in her village |date=2016-11-01 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Meghan Werft |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/105-year-old-woman-india-build-toilets/ |title=Indian Woman, 105, Sold 7 Goats to Build a Toilet, Sparks Massive Change |publisher=Global Citizen |date=2016-11-01 |access-date=2016-12-11 }}</ref>

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Kotabharri and bowed and touched Yadav's feet.<ref name=BBC/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pm-lauds-104-year-old-woman-who-sold-her-goats-to-build-toilet-2180497 |title=PM Modi lauds 104-year-old woman who sold her goats to build toilet |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=2016-02-21 |access-date=2016-12-11 }} According to this newspaper, she built two toilets.</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pm-modi-touches-feet-of-104-yr-old-woman-who-sold-her-goats-to-build-toilets/ |title=PM Modi lauds 104-yr-old woman who sold her goats to build toilet, touches her feet |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=2016-02-21 |access-date=2016-12-11 }}</ref> She has been declared a mascot of the Clean India Campaign.<ref name=BBC/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-105-year-old-kunwar-bai-made-swachh-bharat-abhiyan-mascot-2254942|title=105-year-old Kunwar Bai made 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' mascot |date=2016-09-14 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Shreya Biswas |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/swachh-bharat-abhiyan-mascot-105-yr-old-woman-chhattisgarh-340929-2016-09-14 |title=105-yr-old made Swachh Bharat Abhiyan mascot after she sells off her goats to {{as written|bui|lt [sic]}} toilet |website=[[India Today]] |date=2016-09-14 |access-date=2016-12-11 }}</ref>

Yadav was admitted to Ambedkar Hospital in [[Raipur]] after becoming ill. She died there on 23 February 2018, aged 106.<ref name=ET/><ref>{{cite news|title=Swachh Mascot 106-year-old Kunwar Bai Who Sold Her Goats to Build Toilet Dies|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/swachh-mascot-106-year-old-kunwar-bai-who-sold-her-goats-to-build-toilet-dies-1670063.html|access-date=24 February 2018|publisher=news18.com|date=23 February 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Kunwar Bai}}
[[Category:People from Dhamtari district]]
[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:1910s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women centenarians]]

Bust (sculpture)

2026-02-04T22:46:48Z

Notthetag: minor changes

{{Short description|Sculpture of a person's head and shoulders}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=February 2021}}

{{Multiple image
| image1 = Nofretete Neues Museum.jpg
| alt1 = Bust of Nefertiti
| caption1 = The [[Nefertiti Bust]] of Ancient Egypt
| image2 = Adiyogi 2.jpg
| alt2 = Adiyogi Shiva bust outside during an event
| caption2 = The colossal [[Adiyogi Shiva bust|''Adiyogi'' Shiva bust]] in [[Coimbatore]], India
| image3 = The Veiled Nun.jpg
| alt3 = Marble bust of nun wearing veil
| caption3 = ''[[The Veiled Nun]]'' by an unknown Italian workshop
| perrow = 2 / 2
| image4 = Bust Antinous Hermitage GR-4220 n1.jpeg
| alt4 = Marble bust of Antinous
| caption4 = The [[Antinous-Dionysus (Hermitage)|bust of Antinous-Dionysus]] in the [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]]
| width = 150
}}

A '''bust''' is a [[Sculpture|sculpted]] or cast representation of the upper part of the [[human figure|human body]], depicting a [[person|person's]] [[Human head|head]] and [[neck]], and a variable portion of the [[chest]] and [[shoulder]]s. The piece is normally supported by a [[plinth]]. The bust is generally a portrait intended to record the appearance of an individual, but may sometimes represent a type. They may be of any [[List of art media|medium]] used for sculpture, such as [[marble]], [[bronze]], [[terracotta]], [[plaster]], wax or wood.

As a format that allows the most distinctive characteristics of an individual to be depicted with much less work, and therefore expense, and occupying far less space than a full-length [[statue]], the bust has been since ancient times a popular style of life-size portrait sculpture.

A sculpture that only includes the head, perhaps with the neck, is more strictly called a "head", but this distinction is not always observed. Display often involves an integral or separate [[display stand]]. The [[Adiyogi Shiva statue]] located in India representative of Hindu God Shiva is the world's largest bust sculpture and is {{Convert|112|ft|m}} tall.

==History==
{{Globalize|date=April 2024|2=Europe}}
[[File:Joseph Nollekens by Lemuel Francis Abbott.jpg|thumb|''[[Portrait of Joseph Nollekens (Abbott)|Portrait of Joseph Nollekens]]'' by [[Lemuel Francis Abbott]], 1797. It depicts one of the leading [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] sculptors with one of his best known busts]]
===Antiquity===
Sculptural portrait heads from [[classical antiquity]], stopping at the neck, are sometimes displayed as busts. However, these are often fragments from full-body statues, or were created to be inserted into an existing body, a common Roman practice;<ref>Stewart, 47</ref> these portrait heads are not included in this article. Equally, sculpted heads stopping at the neck are sometimes mistakenly called busts.

The portrait bust was a [[Hellenistic]] Greek invention (although the Egyptian bust presented below precedes Hellenic productions by five centuries), though very few original Greek examples survive, as opposed to many Roman copies of them. There are four Roman copies as busts of ''[[Pericles with the Corinthian helmet]]'', but the Greek original was a full-length bronze statue. They were very popular in [[Roman portraiture]].<ref>Stewart, 46-47</ref>

The Roman tradition may have originated in the tradition of [[Roman patrician]] families keeping wax masks, perhaps [[death mask]]s, of dead members, in the [[atrium (architecture)|atrium]] of the family house. When another family member died, these were worn by people chosen for the appropriate build in procession at the funeral, in front of the propped-up body of the deceased, as an "astonished" [[Polybius]] reported, from his long stay in Rome beginning in 167 BC.<ref>Belting, 116-117</ref> Later these seem to have been replaced or supplemented by sculptures. Possession of such ''imagines maiorum'' ("portraits of the ancestors") was a requirement for belonging to the [[Equestrian order]].<ref>Belting, 116</ref>

===Middle Ages===
Some [[reliquaries]] were formed as busts, notably the famous [[Bust of Charlemagne]] in gold, still in the [[Aachen Cathedral]] treasury, from {{circa|1350}}. Otherwise it was a rare format.

===Renaissance===
Busts began to be revived in a variety of materials, including painted [[terracotta]] or wood, and marble. Initially most were flat-bottomed, stopping slightly below the shoulders. [[Francesco Laurana]], born in [[Dalmatia]], but who worked in Italy and France, specialized in marble busts, mostly of women.

===Baroque===
Under the [[Baroque]] school the round-bottomed Roman style, including, or designed to be placed on, a [[Socle (architecture)|socle]] (a short [[plinth]] or pedestal), became most common. [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], based in Rome, did portrait busts of popes, cardinals, and foreign monarchs such as [[Louis XIV]]. His [[Bust of King Charles I (Bernini)|Bust of King Charles I]] of England (1638) is now lost; artist and subject never met, and Bernini worked from the [[Charles I in Three Positions|triple portrait painted by Van Dyck]], which was sent to Rome. Nearly 30 years later, his [[Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini)|Bust of the young Louis XIV]] was hugely influential on French sculptors. Bernini's rival [[Alessandro Algardi]] was another leading sculptor in Rome.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315613161-48/baroque-sculpture-materiality-question-movement-nigel-llewellyn|title=Baroque sculpture: Materiality and the question of movement|doi=10.4324/9781315613161-48|doi-broken-date=11 July 2025|access-date=19 June 2024|archive-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619234718/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315613161-48/baroque-sculpture-materiality-question-movement-nigel-llewellyn|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Herma]]
* [[Portrait]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*[[Hans Belting|Belting, Hans]], ''An Anthropology of Images: Picture, Medium, Body'', 2014, Princeton University Press, {{ISBN|0691160961}}, 9780691160962, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0Oo9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116 google books]
*Stewart, Peter, ''Statues in Roman Society: Representation and Response'', 2003, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0199240949}}, 9780199240944, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9OfnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 google books]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Busts|lcfirst=yes}}
{{Wiktionary|bust}}
* [https://www.livius.org/gi-gr/greeks/greeks.html Livius.org: Bust gallery of famous ancient Greeks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115190535/https://www.livius.org/gi-gr/greeks/greeks.html |date=2018-01-15 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050205092629/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/bust_1?view=uk Oxford definition]
* [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bust Dictionary.com definition]

{{Sculptures}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Types of sculpture]]
[[Category:Busts (sculpture)| ]]

[[oc:Bust]]

Lehyam

2026-01-25T14:08:03Z

Notthetag: creating first post first draft

{{Short description|Traditional Indian medicine}}
[[File:Lekiyam.jpg|thumb|260x260px|A small quantity of lekiyam served in a bowl.]]
'''Lehyam''' ({{Langx|sa|लेह्य|lit=food to be licked|translit=Lēhya}}),<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-05-27 |title=Lehya, Lēhya: 12 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/lehya |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> also referred to as '''Lekiyam''' ({{Langx|ta|லேகியம்|translit=Lēkiyam}}) refers to a traditional Indian [[electuary]] or confection.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weiss |first=Richard S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoA8DwAAQBAJ&dq=lehyam+siddha&pg=PA85 |title=Recipes for Immortality: Healing, Religion, and Community in South India |date=2009-02-19 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-533523-1 |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRvzRGn9QqkC&dq=lehyam+south+india&pg=PA92 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Medicine |date=2005 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-255-0 |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref>

== Classification ==
Classified as a product of [[Siddha medicine]], lehyam is regarded to be a healthy body tonic, consumed to resolve digestive and respiratory problems, comprising ingredients that are easily absorbed by the body.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Saikat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YtGuDwAAQBAJ&dq=lehyam+medicine&pg=PA17 |title=Herbal Medicine in India: Indigenous Knowledge, Practice, Innovation and its Value |last2=Chakraborty |first2=Raja |date=2019-09-10 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-13-7248-3 |pages=17–18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== Ingredients and preparation ==
[[File:Ginger Lehyam.jpg|thumb|A ball of inji (ginger) lehyam upon a palm.]]
Lehyam is prepared using powdered medicine, [[jaggery]], sugar, honey, in an aqueous medium of water. [[Ghee]] is often added as a preserving agent, and after preparation, the food may be rolled into small balls and left to harden within a vessel, edible for up to a year.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hollen |first=Cecilia Van |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXQLniMFVbIC&dq=lekiyam+siddha&pg=PA259 |title=Birth on the Threshold: Childbirth and Modernity in South India |date=2003-10-16 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22359-2 |pages=259 |language=en}}</ref>

== Variations and uses ==
Various forms of lehyam exist, and are named for their ingredients, and offer different properties. For instance, in [[Tamil Nadu]], ''inji lekiyam'', for which the salient ingredient is [[ginger]], is offered to a new mother shortly after her delivery.<ref>{{Cite book |last=General |first=India Office of the Registrar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrTUAAAAMAAJ&q=inji+lekiyam |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref> ''Thaneervittan'' (type of asparagus called [[Asparagus racemosus|shatavari]]) ''legiyam'' and ''sowbhagiyasundi'' (dry ginger powder) ''legiyam'' are used similarly.<ref name=":2" /> ''Nellikai lekiyam'', for which the salient ingredient is [[Phyllanthus acidus|star gooseberry]], is offered to children to boost their immunity.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=MD(S) |first1=Dr P. Mirunaleni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlsVEAAAQBAJ&dq=nellikai+legiyam&pg=PA31 |title=TRADITIONAL PARENTING - PARENTING IN A SIDDHA WAY |last2=B.S.M.S |first2=Dr S. Dhivyabharathi |last3=MD(S) |first3=Dr B. Shalini |date=2021-01-19 |publisher=Darshan Publishers |isbn=978-93-86739-51-3 |pages=16, 31 |language=en}}</ref>

In South India, lehyam is often prepared and purchased on the occasion of [[Diwali|Deepavali]] to aid the digestion, and counteract the effects, of eating sweets during the festival.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Making of the legiyam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/For-the-love-of-legiyam/article16084496.ece |access-date=2022-10-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> According to ''[[The Hindu]]'', Deepavali legiyam, or Deepavali marundhu, is popular in [[Chennai]], and made in many households at festival time.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Shenbagalakshmi |date=2015-11-05 |title=How to make… Deepavali legiyam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/how-to-make-deepavali-legiyam/article7845876.ece |access-date=2022-10-25 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

''Ciṭṭukkuruvi lēkiyam'', prepared from [[House sparrow|sparrow meat]], was once consumed for [[aphrodisiac]]al purposes.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Susainathan, P. |year=1921 |title=Bird friends and foes of the farmer. Bulletin No. 81 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.219743/page/n38/mode/1up |publisher=Department of Agriculture |page=22 |authorlink=P.S. Nathan |place=Madras}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Indian medicine (disambiguation)|Traditional medicine of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ayurveda]]
[[Category:Siddha medicine]]
[[Category:Diwali]]
[[Category:Traditional medicine in India]]

Golden Temple

2026-01-24T03:43:08Z

Notthetag: add section further and corrected details to improve readability

{{Short description|Sikh religious site in Punjab, India}}
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{Other uses|Golden Temple (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Golden Temple
| native_name = ''Harmandir Sāhib Darbār Sāhib''
| native_name_lang = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| image = The Golden Temple of Amrithsar 7.jpg
| religious_affiliation = [[Sikhism]]
| location = [[Amritsar]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Punjab#India#Asia
| map_size = 200
| coordinates = {{coord|31|37|12|N|74|52|35|E|region:IN-PB|display=inline,title}}
| year_completed = 1589 (temple) 16 August 1604 (with Adi Granth){{Sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}}
| footnotes =
| architecture_style = [[Sikh architecture]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Tourism Dept fails to promote gurdwaras situated in Golden Temple periphery |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/tourism-dept-fails-to-promote-gurdwaras-situated-in-golden-temple-periphery-395576/ |work=The Tribune |date=17 May 2022 |access-date=13 September 2025}}</ref>
| founded_by = [[Guru Arjan]]
| groundbreaking = {{start date and age|December 1581}}{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}}
| website = {{URL|https://sgpc.net/sri-harmandir-sahib/}}
}}
[[File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 09.jpg|thumb|Complete view of Golden Temple complex]]
The '''Golden Temple'''{{efn|also known as the '''Harmandir Sāhib''' {{lit|House of God}}, {{Indic Transl|pa|harimandara sāhiba|ɦəɾᵊmən̪d̪əɾᵊ saːɦ(ɪ)bᵊ}}, or the '''Darbār Sāhib''', {{lit|'exalted court'}}, {{IPA|pa|d̪əɾᵊbaːɾᵊ saːɦ(ɪ)bᵊ}}}} is a [[gurdwara]] located in [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India.<ref name=eos>{{cite encyclopedia|url= https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/n253|title= Harimandar|last1=Kerr|first1=Ian J.|editor=Harbans Singh |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Patiala|access-date=1 July 2018|pages=239–248|year=2011}}</ref>{{sfn|Eleanor Nesbitt|2016|pp=64–65, 150}} It is the pre-eminent spiritual site of [[Sikhism]] and is one of its [[Holy place|holiest sites]], alongside the Gurdwara [[Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur|Darbar Sahib]] in [[Kartarpur, Pakistan|Kartarpur]] and the Gurdwara [[Gurdwara Janam Asthan|Janam Asthan]] in [[Nankana Sahib]], both in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], Pakistan.<ref name=eos/><ref name="Harmandir-Sahib">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Harmandir-Sahib |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |year=2014 |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Harmandir-Sahib |access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310123229/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Harmandir-Sahib |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Temple tank|''sarovar'']] (holy pool) on the site of the gurdwara was completed by the fourth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Ram Das]], in 1577.{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|p=33}}{{sfn|Pardeep Singh Arshi|1989|pp=5–7}} In 1604, [[Guru Arjan]], the fifth Sikh Guru, placed a copy of the [[Adi Granth]] in the Golden Temple and played a prominent role in its development.<ref name=eos/><ref name="Cole2004p7">{{harvnb|W. Owen Cole|2004|page=7}}</ref> The gurdwara was repeatedly rebuilt by the Sikhs after they became a target of [[Persecution of Sikhs|persecution]] and was destroyed several times by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and invading [[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] armies.<ref name=eos/><ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/><ref name=runion70/> Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]], after founding the [[Sikh Empire]], rebuilt it in [[marble]] and [[copper]] in 1809, and overlaid the sanctum with [[gold leaf]] in 1830. This has led to the name the Golden Temple.{{sfn|Trudy Ring|Noelle Watson|Paul Schellinger|2012|pp=28–29}}{{sfn|Eleanor Nesbitt|2016|pp=64–65}}<ref>{{cite book|author=Jean Marie Lafont|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjduAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566111-8 |pages=95–96 }}</ref>

The Golden Temple is spiritually the most significant shrine in Sikhism. It became a centre of the [[Singh Sabha Movement]] between 1883 and the 1920s, and the [[Punjabi Suba movement|Punjabi Suba Movement]] between 1947 and 1966. In the early 1980s, the gurdwara became a centre of conflict between the Indian government and a radical movement led by [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|last1=Fenech|first1=Louis E.|year=2014|pages=30–31|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|quote=But this strategy backfired in the spring of 1984, when a group of armed radicals led by Bhindranwale decided to provoke a confrontation with the government by occupying Akal Takhat building inside the Golden Temple complex.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&q=the+oxford+handbook+of+sikh+studies|access-date=19 March 2023|archive-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408100757/https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&q=the+oxford+handbook+of+sikh+studies|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1984, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] sent in the [[Indian Army]] as part of [[Operation Blue Star]], leading to the deaths of thousands of soldiers, militants and civilians, as well as causing significant damage to the gurdwara and the destruction of the nearby [[Akal Takht]] — the prime seat of authority for the Sikhs. The gurdwara complex was again rebuilt after the 1984 attack.<ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/>

The Golden Temple is an open house of worship for all people, from all walks of life and faiths.<ref name=eos/> It has a square plan with four entrances, and a circumambulation path around the pool. The four entrances of the gurdwara symbolise the Sikh belief in equality and the Sikh view that people from all groups, castes and ethnicities are welcome at their holy place.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nature and importance of Harmandir Sahib – Pilgrimage |edition=GCSE Religious Studies Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3b42hv/revision/2 |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=BBC |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316232345/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3b42hv/revision/2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The complex is a collection of buildings around the sanctum and the pool.<ref name=eos/> One of these is Akal Takht, the chief centre of religious authority of Sikhism.<ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/> Additional buildings include a clock tower, the offices of the Gurdwara Committee, a Museum and a [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]] — a free Sikh community-run kitchen that offers a [[Vegetarianism and religion#Sikhism|vegetarian meal]] to all visitors without discrimination.<ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/> Over 150,000 people visit the shrine every day for worship.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Soon-Golden-Temple-to-use-phone-jammers/articleshow/15036721.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126201851/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-19/india/32745911_1_phone-jammers-mobile-phones-cell-phones |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title= Soon, Golden Temple to use phone jammers|date=19 July 2012 |access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref> The gurdwara complex has been nominated as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], and its application is pending on the [[List of World Heritage Sites in India|tentative list of UNESCO]].<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1858/ Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516231406/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1858/ |date=16 May 2022 }}, UNESCO</ref>

==Nomenclature==
The Harmandir Sahib is also spelled as Harimandar or Harimandir Sahib.<ref name=eos/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=Catherine Blanshard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&pg=316 |title=Architecture of Mughal India |year=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26728-1 |page=316 |language=en |quote=Situated in the middle of an enormous tank connected to land via a long causeway, the shrine is known as Harimandir. |access-date=11 March 2022 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101150152/https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&pg=316 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is also called the ''[[Durbar (court)|Durbār]] Sahib'', which means "sacred audience", as well as the Golden Temple for its gold leaf-covered sanctum centre.<ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/> The word "Harmandir" is composed of two words: "[[Hari]]", which scholars translate as "God ",<ref name=eos/> and "[[mandir]]", which means "house".{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|p=146}} "[[Sahib]]" is further appended to the shrine's name, the term often used within Sikh tradition to denote respect for places of religious significance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McLeod |first=W.H. |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2014 |isbn=978-1442236011 |page=269}}</ref> The Sikh tradition has several gurdwaras named "Harmandir Sahib", such as those in [[Kiratpur Sahib|Kiratpur]] and [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib|Patna]]. Of these, the one in Amritsar is most revered.{{sfn|Henry Walker|2002|pp=95-98}}<ref>{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA97 |year=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=97}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Painting of Guru Arjan overseeing the construction of the original Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), circa 1890-95.jpg|thumb|[[Guru Arjan]] overseeing the construction of the original Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), painting from {{Circa|1890}}–95]]
According to the Sikh historical records, the land that became Amritsar and houses the Harimandir Sahib was chosen by [[Guru Amar Das]], the third Guru of the Sikh tradition. It was then called ''Guru Da Chakk'', after he had asked his disciple Ram Das to find land to start a new town with a man-made pool as its central point.{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|p=33}}{{sfn|Pardeep Singh Arshi|1989|pp=5–7}}<ref name=eosramdas/> After [[Guru Ram Das]] succeeded Guru Amar Das in 1574, and in the face of hostile opposition from the sons of Amar Das,{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=38–40}} Ram Das founded the town that came to be known as "Ramdaspur". He started by completing the pool with the help of [[Baba Buddha]] (not to be confused with the [[The Buddha|Buddha]] of Buddhism). Ram Das built his new official centre and home next to it. He invited merchants and artisans from other parts of India to settle in the new town with him.<ref name=eosramdas>{{cite web |author=G.S. Mansukhani |title=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |publisher=Punjab University Patiala |access-date=19 January 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729230458/http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:A Sikh Guru (Perhaps Guru Arjan Dev) Seated in the Golden Temple at Amritsar, Guler, circa 1830.jpg|thumb|A Sikh Guru (perhaps Guru Arjan) seated in the Golden Temple at Amritsar in the late 16th or early 17th century, {{Circa|1830}} Guler painting]]
Ramdaspur town expanded during the time of [[Guru Arjan]] financed by donations and constructed by voluntary work. The town grew to become the city of Amritsar, and the area grew into the temple complex).{{sfn|Christopher Shackle|Arvind Mandair|2013|pp=xv–xvi}} The construction activity between 1574 and 1604 is described in ''Mahima Prakash Vartak'', a semi-historical Sikh [[hagiography]] text likely composed in 1741, and the earliest known document dealing with the lives of all the ten Gurus.{{sfn|W. H. McLeod|1990|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7xIT7OMSJ44C&pg=PA28 28–29]}} Guru Arjan installed the scripture of Sikhism inside the new gurdwara in 1604.{{sfn|Christopher Shackle|Arvind Mandair|2013|pp=xv–xvi}} Continuing the efforts of Ram Das, Guru Arjan established Amritsar as a primary Sikh pilgrimage destination. He wrote a voluminous amount of Sikh scripture including the popular [[Sukhmani Sahib]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Mahindara Siṅgha Joshī|title=Guru Arjan Dev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCQaSH_29i4C&pg=PA6 |year= 1994| publisher=Sahitya Akademi| isbn=978-81-7201-769-9|pages=6–8}}</ref>{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=42–43}}

===Construction===
[[File:Ranjit Singh at Harmandir Sahib - August Schoefft - Vienna 1850 - Princess Bamba Collection - Lahore Fort.jpg|thumb|Maharaja Ranjit Singh listening to [[Guru Granth Sahib]] being recited near the [[Akal Takht]] and Golden Temple, Amritsar, [[Punjab, India]].]]
Guru Ram Das acquired the land for the site. Two versions of stories exist on how he acquired this land. In one, based on a Gazetteer record, the land was purchased with Sikh donations of 700 rupees from the people and owners of the village of [[Tung, Sikkim|Tung]]. In another version, Emperor [[Akbar]] is stated to have donated the land to the wife of Ram Das.<ref name=eosramdas/>{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod| 2014|p=67}}

[[File:The Golden Temple in 1840.png|thumb|The Golden Temple, Amritsar, {{Circa|1840}}]]In 1581, Guru Arjan initiated construction.{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}} During the construction the pool was kept empty and dry. It took eight years to complete the first version of the Harmandir Sahib. Guru Arjan planned a gurdwara at a level lower than the city to emphasise humility and the need to efface one's ego before entering the premises to meet the Guru.{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}} He also demanded that the gurdwara compound be open on all sides to emphasise that it was open to all. The sanctum inside the pool where his Guru seat was, had only one bridge to emphasise that the end goal was one, states Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair.{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}} In 1589, the gurdwara made with bricks was complete. Guru Arjan is believed by some later sources to have invited the Sufi saint [[Mian Mir]] of [[Lahore]] to lay its foundation stone, signalling pluralism and that the Sikh tradition welcomed all.{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}} This belief is however unsubstantiated.{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|p=205}}<ref>{{cite book |title=State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab |author=Rishi Singh |year=2015 |publisher=Sage Publications India |isbn=978-9351505044}} It is, however, possible that Mian Mir, who had close links to Guru Arjan, was invited and present at the time of the laying of the foundation stone, even if he did not lay the foundation stone himself.</ref> According to Sikh traditional sources such as [[Suraj Parkash|Sri Gur Suraj Parkash Granth]] it was laid by Guru Arjan himself.<ref>{{cite book |title=State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab |author=Rishi Singh |year=2015 |publisher=Sage Publications India |isbn=978-9351505044}}</ref> After the inauguration, the pool was filled with water. On 16 August 1604, Guru Arjan completed expanding and compiling the first version of the Sikh scripture and placed a copy of the [[Adi Granth]] in the gurdwara. He appointed [[Baba Buddha]] as the first [[Granthi]].{{sfn|Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh |2011|pp=34–35}}

''Ath Sath Tirath'' ("shrine of 68 pilgrimages"), is a raised canopy on the ''parkarma'' (circumambulation marble path around the pool).<ref name=eos/><ref name="Cole2004p7"/><ref>{{cite book |author=Madanjit Kaur |title=The Golden Temple: Past and Present |location=Amritsar |publisher=Dept. of Guru Nanak Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University Press |year=1983 |page=174 |oclc=18867609 |url=http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=2638&page=240&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX |access-date=2 September 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204001403/http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=2638&page=240&CategoryID=1&Searched=W3GX |url-status=live }}</ref> The name, as stated by W. Owen Cole and other scholars, reflects the belief that visiting this temple is equivalent to 68 Hindu pilgrimage sites in the Indian subcontinent, or that a Tirath to the Golden Temple has the efficacy of all 68 Tiraths combined.<ref name="Cole2004p6"/>{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=435–436}} The completion of the first version of the Golden Temple was a major milestone for Sikhism, states Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, because it provided a central pilgrimage place and a rallying point for the Sikh community, set within a hub of trade and activity.{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=41–42}}
[[File:Golden Temple, Amritsar 03.jpg|thumb|The Golden Temple at twilight]]

===Mughal Empire era destruction and rebuilding===
The growing influence and success of Guru Arjan drew the attention of the [[Mughal Empire]]. Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor [[Jahangir]] and asked to convert to Islam.<ref name=ps5/><ref name="McLeodp20"/> He refused, was tortured and executed in 1606.<ref name=ps5>{{cite journal|author=Pashaura Singh |date=2005|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_12_1/3_singh.pdf |title=Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175032/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal_12_1/3_singh.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=29–62}}</ref><ref name="McLeodp20">{{cite book|title= The A to Z of Sikhism|author= W. H. McLeod|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA20|publisher= Scarecrow Press|year= 2009|isbn= 978-0810863446|page= 20|chapter= Arjan's Death|quote= The Mughal rulers of Punjab were evidently concerned with the growth of the Panth, and in 1605 the Emperor Jahangir made an entry in his memoirs, the ''Tuzuk-i-Jahāṅgīrī'', concerning Guru Arjan's support for his rebellious son [[Khusrau Mirza]]. Too many people, he wrote, were being persuaded by his teachings, and if the Guru would not become a Muslim the Panth had to be extinguished. Jahangir believed that Guru Arjan was a Hindu who pretended to be a saint and that he had been thinking of forcing Guru Arjan to convert to Islam or his false trade should be eliminated, for a long time. Mughal authorities seem to have been responsible for Arjan's death in custody in Lahore, and this may be accepted as an established fact. Whether the death was by execution, the result of torture, or drowning in the Ravi River remains unresolved. For Sikhs, Guru Arjan Dev is the first martyr Guru.|author-link= W. H. McLeod|access-date= 8 August 2020|archive-date= 8 March 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155305/https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>Louis E. Fenech, Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition, Oxford University Press, pp. 118–121</ref> Arjan's son and successor [[Guru Hargobind]] fought a [[Battle of Amritsar (1634)|Battle at Amritsar]] and later left Amritsar and its surrounding areas in 1635 for [[Kiratpur Sahib|Kiratpur]].{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|pp=146–147}}{{sfn|Syan|2014|p=176}} For about a century after the Golden Temple was occupied by the [[Mina (Sikhism)|Minas]].{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|pp=146–147}} In the 18th century, [[Guru Gobind Singh]] after creating the [[Khalsa]] sent [[Bhai Mani Singh]] to take back the temple.{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|pp=146–147}}<ref name="mcleod130">{{cite book |author=W. H. McLeod |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma3G-hjh6SwC |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |publisher=Scarecrow |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8108-5088-0 |pages=130–131}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |author=Harbans Singh |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=3 |location=Patiala |pages=88 |oclc=29703420 }}</ref> The Golden Temple was viewed by the Mughal rulers and Afghan Sultans as the centre of Sikh faith and it remained the main target of persecution.<ref name=runion70>{{cite book|author=M. L. Runion|title=The History of Afghanistan, 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC|year=2017|publisher=Greenwood|isbn=978-0-313-33798-7|pages=69–71|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155231/https://books.google.com/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC|url-status=live}}, Quote: "Ahmad Durrani was forced to return to India and [he] declared a jihad, known as an Islamic holy war, against the Marathas. A multitude of tribes heralded the call of the holy war, which included the various Pashtun tribes, the Balochs, the Tajiks, and also the Muslim population residing in India. Led by Ahmad Durrani, the tribes joined the religious quest and returned to India (...) The domination and control of the [Afghan] empire began to loosen in 1762 when Ahmad Shah Durrani crossed Afghanistan to subdue the Sikhs, followers of an indigenous monotheistic religion of India found in the 16th century by Guru Nanak. (...) Ahmad Shah greatly desired to subdue the Sikhs, and his army attacked and gained control of the Sikh's holy city of Amritsar, where he brutally massacred thousands of Sikh followers. Not only did he viciously demolish the sacred temples and buildings, but he ordered these holy places to be covered with cow's blood as an insult and desecration of their religion (...)"</ref> After the original temple was destroyed by hostile forces, the shrine was reconstructed in 1764 (a date which H.H. Cole affirms in his monograph on the temple), however most of the elaborate decorations and additions were added to the shrine in the early 19th century.<ref name=":25">{{Cite book |last=Kang |first=Kanwarjit Singh |title=Punjab Art and Culture |publisher=Atma Ram & Sons |year=1988 |isbn=9788170430964 |pages=56–62 |chapter=13. Art and Architecture of the Golden Temple}}</ref> However, according to [[Giani Gian Singh]]'s ''Tawarikh Sri Amritsar'' (1889), a slightly later date of 1776 is given for the construction of the temple tank (sarovar), the temple edifice proper, the causeway, and the entry gateway or archway (''Darshani Deori'').<ref name=":25" />

The Golden Temple was the centre of historic events in Sikh history:{{sfn|Pardeep Singh Arshi|1989|pp=22–25}}{{sfn|Trudy Ring|Noelle Watson|Paul Schellinger|2012|pp=28–29}}

* In 1709, the governor of Lahore sent in his army to suppress and prevent the Sikhs from gathering for their festivals of [[Vaisakhi]] and [[Diwali]]. The Sikhs defied by gathering in the Golden Temple. In 1716, Banda Singh and numerous Sikhs were arrested and executed.
* In 1737, the Mughal governor ordered the capture of the custodian of the Golden Temple named Mani Singh and executed him. He appointed [[Massa Ranghar|Masse Khan]] as the police commissioner who then occupied the Temple and converted it into his entertainment centre with dancing girls. He befouled the pool. Sikhs avenged the sacrilege of the Golden Temple by assassinating Masse Khan inside the Temple in August 1740.
* In 1746, another Lahore official Diwan [[Jaspat Rai#Lakhpat Rai|Lakhpat Rai]] working for Yahiya Khan, and seeking revenge for the death of his brother, filled the pool with sand. In 1749, Sikhs restored the pool when Muin ul-Mulk slackened Mughal operations against Sikhs and sought their help during his operations in Multan.
* In 1757, the Afghan ruler [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali, attacked Amritsar and desecrated the Golden Temple.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Bakshi |first1=Artika Aurora |last2=Dhillon |first2=Ganeev Kaur |date= |title=The Mural Arts of Panjab |url=https://nishaannagaara.com/the-mural-arts-of-panjab/ |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=Nishaan Nagaara Magazine |archive-date=26 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526032447/https://nishaannagaara.com/the-mural-arts-of-panjab/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He had waste poured into the pool along with entrails of slaughtered cows, before departing for Afghanistan. The Sikhs restored it again.
* In 1762, Ahmad Shah Durrani returned and had the Golden Temple blown up with gunpowder.<ref name=":1" /> Sikhs returned and celebrated [[Diwali]] in its premises. In 1764, [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] collected donations to rebuild the Golden Temple.<ref name=":25" /> A new main gateway (Darshan Deorhi), causeway and sanctum were completed in 1776, while the floor around the pool was completed in 1784.<ref name=":25" /> The Sikhs also completed a canal to bring in fresh water from [[Ravi River]] for the pool.
* The Golden Temple was attacked by the Afghan forces under Ahmed Shah Durrani on 1 December 1764. [[Baba Gurbaksh Singh]] along with 29 other Sikhs lead a last stand against the much larger Afghan forces and were killed in the skirmish.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/131/mode/2up |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism Volume II E-L |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-7380-204-1 |edition=3rd |pages=131–132}}</ref> Abdali then destroyed the Golden Temple for the 3rd time.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari |url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IiEvolutionOfSikhConfederacies1707-69/page/n229/mode/2up |title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707–69) |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-215-0248-1 |pages=216}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

===Ranjit Singh era reconstruction===
[[File:1880 photograph of the Golden Temple, Darbar Sahib, sacred pool and nearby buildings, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|An 1880 photograph of the Golden Temple, the sarovar (sacred pool) and the nearby buildings. The walled courtyard and entrances were added later.]]
[[Ranjit Singh]] founded the nucleus of the Sikh Empire at the age of 36 with help of [[Sukerchakia Misl]] forces he inherited and those of his mother-in-law Rani Sada Kaur. In 1802, at age 22, he took Amritsar from the ''Bhangi misl'', paid homage at the Golden Temple and announced that he would renovate and rebuild it with marble and gold.<ref>{{cite book|author=Patwant Singh|title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ |year=2008| publisher=Peter Owen| isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0| pages=18, 177 }}</ref><ref name=":25" /> The Sikh ruler donated the gilded copper panels for the roof, which was worth 500,000 rupees in the erstwhile currency.<ref name=":25" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=www.DiscoverSikhism.com |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiE-l/page/239/mode/2up |title=The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism - Volume II E-L |language=English}}</ref> He entrusted ''[[Mistri]]'' Yar Muhammad Khan to carry-out the roofing work, who himself was supervised by Bhai Sand Singh.<ref name=":25" /> The first gilded copper panel was placed on the shrine in 1803.<ref name=":25" />

Various personalities helped decorate and embellish the ceiling of the first floor, with names of some contributors to the cause being Tara Singh Gheba, Partap Singh, Jodh Singh, and Ganda Singh Peshawari.<ref name=":25" /> Ganda Singh Peshawari sent his donation in the year 1823.<ref name=":25" /> For the decoration and gilding with copper of the main entryway and archway to the causeway leading to the temple proper, known as the ''Darshani Deori'', the prime personality who helped assist with this work was [[Jind State|Raja Sangat Singh of Jind State]].<ref name=":25" /> Due to the central and paramount importance of the shrine in Sikhism, essentially every Sikh ''[[sardar]]'' of the era had contributed or donated in some manner to assist with the architectural and artistic renovations of the shrine.<ref name=":25" /> Owing to the large number of people helping with the renovation work back then, it is difficult to account for when certain parts of the temple were constructed or decorated and by whom (aside from instances where the work has a date inscribed to it) and a chronological record of how the temple evolved over time (in-regards to its murals, decorations, and other aspects) is near-impossible to complete.<ref name=":25" />

The Temple was renovated in marble and copper in 1809, and in 1830 Ranjit Singh donated gold to overlay the sanctum with gold leaf.{{sfn|Trudy Ring|Noelle Watson|Paul Schellinger|2012|pp=28–29}} There is an inscription on embossed metal located at the entrance to the temple proper which commemorates the renovations of the temple undertaken by Ranjit Singh and done through Giani Sant Singh, of the Giani Samparda.<ref name=":25" />

{{Blockquote|text="The Great Guru in His wisdom looked upon Maharaja Ranjit Singh as his chief servitor and Sikh and, in his benevolence, bestowed on him the privilege of serving the temple."|source=English translation of a Gurmukhi inscription on embossed metal located at the entrance way to the temple, translated in 'Punjab Art and Culture' (1988), page 59, by Kanwarjit Singh Kang}}

After learning of the gurdwara through Ranjit Singh,<ref name="nizam & maharaja">{{cite web |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh's contributions to Harimandir Sahib |url=https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/harmandir-sahib/maharaja-ranjit-singhs-contributions-to-harimandir-sahib |access-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417180858/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/harmandir-sahib/maharaja-ranjit-singhs-contributions-to-harimandir-sahib |archive-date=17 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the 7th [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] started giving yearly grants towards it.<ref name="outlook">{{cite news |last1=Pandharipande |first1=Reeti |last2=Nadimpally |first2=Lasya |title=A Brief History of The Nizams of Hyderabad |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/the-nizams/ |access-date=7 March 2021 |work=Outlook Traveller |date=5 August 2017 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402071725/https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/the-nizams/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The management and operation of Durbar Sahib – a term that refers to the entire Golden Temple complex of buildings, was taken over by Ranjit Singh. He appointed Sardar Desa Singh Majithia (1768–1832) to manage it and made land grants whose collected revenue was assigned to pay for the Temple's maintenance and operation.

[[Hari Singh Nalwa]], a general of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], decorated the Akal Takht with gold and is responsible for adding the golden dome at the top of the edifice.<ref>Sohan Lal Suri. 19th century. Umdat-ut-tawarikh, Daftar III, Part 2, trans. V.S. Suri, (1961) 2002, Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, f. 260</ref><ref name=":25" />

Ranjit Singh also made the position of Temple officials hereditary.<ref name=eos/> The Giani family was the only family allowed to do Katha in the Golden Temple, they served the Sikh community till 1921, when the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] came into power, they were the only family allowed to do Katha since 1788 and were also he heads of the Giani Samparda, they had built all the Bungas around the Golden Temple and helped in construction work including overlaying the temple with Gold and Marble.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nama |first=Khalsa |date=8 March 2024 |title=The Origins of the Giani Samprada: Giani Surat Singh |url=https://khalsachronicle.substack.com/p/the-origins-of-the-giani-samprada |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=The Khalsa Chronicle}}</ref> One of the main Bungas that was destroyed in 1988 was the [[Burj Gianian]]. The other family were the Kapurs, who were made as the Head Granthis, this included the ancestors of [[Jawahir Singh Kapur|Bhai Jawahir Singh Kapur]] who also did try to become the Head Granthi in the late 1800s, but was not allowed (his father Bhai Atma Singh, grandfather Bhai Mohar Singh and their ancestors were also Head Granthis).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kapurs, including Bhai Jawahir Singh Kapur |url=https://www.vidhia.com/Historical%2C%20Political%2C%20Philosophical%20and%20Informational/SINGH_SABHA_AND_OTHER_SOCIO-RELIGIOUS_MOVEMENTS.pdf}}</ref>

===Destruction and reconstruction after Indian independence===
{{See also|Operation Blue Star}}

The destruction of the temple complex occurred during the [[Operation Blue Star]]. It was the codename of an Indian military action carried out between 1 and 8 June 1984 to remove militant Sikh [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] and his followers from the buildings of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) complex in [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The decision to launch the attack rested with [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref name="TH_Mi6">{{cite news|title=RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/raw-chief-consulted-mi6-in-buildup-to-operation-bluestar/article5579516.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014|location=Chennai, India|first=Praveen|last=Swami|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118044721/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/raw-chief-consulted-mi6-in-buildup-to-operation-bluestar/article5579516.ece|archive-date=18 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 1982, [[Harchand Singh Longowal]], the President of the Sikh political party [[Akali Dal]], had invited Bhindranwale to take up residence in the Golden Temple Complex to evade arrest.<ref>Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 332.</ref><ref name="dnaindia.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-operation-blue-star-india-s-first-tryst-with-militant-extremism-2270293|title=Operation Blue Star: India's first tryst with militant extremism|date=5 November 2016|work=DNA|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103012225/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-operation-blue-star-india-s-first-tryst-with-militant-extremism-2270293|archive-date=3 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The government claimed Bhindranwale later made the sacred temple complex an [[arsenal|armoury]] and headquarters.<ref name="LA_accord">{{cite news |title=Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-21-mn-1021-story.html |access-date=14 June 2018 |agency=Times Wire Services |newspaper=LA Times|date=21 August 1985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129025949/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-21/news/mn-1021_1_sikh-militants |archive-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=live|quote=The Punjab violence reached a peak in June, 1984, when the army attacked the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the holiest Sikh shrine, killing hundreds of Sikh militants who lived in the temple complex, and who the government said had turned it into an armory for Sikh terrorism. }}</ref>

On 1 June 1984, after negotiations with the militants failed, Indira Gandhi ordered the army to launch Operation Blue Star, simultaneously attacking scores of gurudwaras across Punjab.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia | title =India | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica | editor-last = Wolpert | editor-first = Stanley A. | year = 2009 }}</ref> A variety of army units and paramilitary forces surrounded the Golden Temple complex on 3 June 1984. The fighting started on 5 June with skirmishes and the battle went on for three days, ending on 8 June. A clean-up operation codenamed [[Operation Woodrose]] was also initiated throughout Punjab.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kiessling |first1=Hein |title=Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-1849048637 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y_cgDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT146 |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155446/https://books.google.com/books?id=y_cgDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT146#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

The army had underestimated the firepower possessed by the militants, whose armament included Chinese-made [[rocket-propelled grenade launchers]] with armour piercing capabilities. [[Tank]]s and [[heavy artillery]] were used to attack the militants, who responded with anti-tank and machine-gun fire from the heavily fortified Akal Takht. After a 24-hour firefight, the army gained control of the temple complex. Casualty figures for the army were 83 dead and 249 injured.<ref>{{cite web |author= Varinder Walia |date= 20 March 2007 |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070320/punjab1.htm |title= Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar |work= Tribune India |access-date= 9 August 2009 |archive-date= 5 July 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090705183849/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070320/punjab1.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> According to the official estimates, 1,592 militants were apprehended and there were 493 combined militant and civilian casualties.<ref>{{cite book |title=White Paper on the Punjab Agitation |date=1984 |publisher=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Government of India]] |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqSAngEACAAJ&q=493 |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072248/https://books.google.com/books?id=wqSAngEACAAJ&q=493 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the government claims, high civilian casualties were attributed to militants using [[pilgrim]]s trapped inside the temple as [[human shield]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kiss |first1=Peter A. |title=Winning Wars amongst the People: Case Studies in Asymmetric Conflict |date=2014 |publisher=Potomac Books |isbn=978-1612347004 |page=100 |edition=Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uIY6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100 |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155349/https://books.google.com/books?id=uIY6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Brahma Chellaney]], the [[Associated Press]]'s South Asia correspondent, was the only foreign reporter who managed to stay on in [[Amritsar]] despite the media blackout.<ref name=casualities3>{{cite news | last = Hamlyn |first =Michael | title = Amritsar witness puts death toll at 1000| page =7| work = The Times| date = 12 June 1984}}</ref> His dispatches, filed by [[telex]], provided the first non-governmental news reports on the bloody operation in Amritsar. His first dispatch, front-paged by ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Times]] of London'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'', reported a death toll about twice of what authorities had admitted. According to the dispatch, about 780 militants and civilians and 400 troops had perished in fierce gun-battles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Golden Temple Sikhs Surrender|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1984/jun/07/fromthearchive|author=Eric Silver|work=The Guardian|date=7 June 1984|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309164619/http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1984/jun/07/fromthearchive|url-status=live}}</ref> Chellaney reported that about "eight to ten" men suspected of being Sikh militants had been shot with their hands tied. In that dispatch, Chellaney interviewed a doctor who said he had been picked up by the army and forced to conduct postmortems despite the fact he had never done any postmortem examination before.<ref name=tiedandshot>{{cite news | last = Chellaney |first = Brahma | title = Sikhs in Amritsar 'tied up and shot'| work = The Times| date = 14 June 1984}}</ref> In reaction to the dispatch, the Indian government charged Chellaney with violating Punjab press censorship, two counts of fanning sectarian hatred and trouble, and later with sedition,<ref>{{cite news| title =India is set to drop prosecution of AP reporter in Punjab Case| agency =Associated Press| page =5| work =The New York Times| date =14 September 1985| url =http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F11FC3D5D0C778DDDA00894DD484D81| access-date =14 January 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110102045846/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F11FC3D5D0C778DDDA00894DD484D81| archive-date =2 January 2011| url-status =live| df =dmy-all}}</ref> calling his report baseless and disputing his casualty figures.<ref>{{cite news| title = Indian Police Question Reporter on Amritsar| agency = Associated Press| work = The New York Times| date = 24 November 1984| url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E6DA1638F937A15752C1A962948260| access-date = 14 January 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110103080208/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E6DA1638F937A15752C1A962948260| archive-date = 3 January 2011| url-status = live| df = dmy-all}}</ref>

The military action in the temple complex was criticised by Sikhs worldwide, who interpreted it as an assault on the Sikh religion.<ref name=david>{{cite book | last = Westerlund | first = David | title = Questioning The Secular State: The Worldwide Resurgence of Religion in Politics. | publisher=C. Hurst & Co |year=1996 |page=1276 |isbn =978-1-85065-241-0 }}</ref> Many Sikh soldiers [[Desertion|deserted]] their units;<ref name="IT_deserters">{{cite news |last1=Sandhu |first1=Kanwar |title=Sikh Army deserters are paying the price for their action |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19900515-sikh-army-deserters-struggle-to-earn-livelihood-812580-1990-05-15 |access-date=19 June 2018 |publisher=India Today |date=15 May 1990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619214140/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19900515-sikh-army-deserters-struggle-to-earn-livelihood-812580-1990-05-15 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> several Sikhs resigned from civil administrative office and returned awards received from the [[Indian government]]. Five months after the operation, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] in an act of revenge by her two Sikh bodyguards, [[Satwant Singh]] and [[Beant Singh (assassin)|Beant Singh]].<ref name="dnaindia.com"/> Public outcry over Gandhi's death led to the killings of more than 3,000 Sikhs in Delhi alone in the ensuing [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Pritam|title=Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQLDcjhNoJwC&pg=PR4|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-45666-1|page=45|access-date=4 July 2020|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155232/https://books.google.com/books?id=mQLDcjhNoJwC&pg=PR4|url-status=live}}</ref> A few months after the government operation of 1984, major ''[[Sevā|kar seva]]'' renovations were undertaken at the shrine complex, including a complete draining and then cleaning of the temple tank (''sarovar'') by volunteers.<ref name=":25" />

Following the operation the [[Government of India|central government]] demolished hundreds of houses and created a corridor around the compound called "Galliara" (also spelled Galiara or Galyara) for security reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/five-years-on-govt-yet-to-announce-closure-of-galliara-project-191665|title=Five years on, govt yet to announce closure of Galliara Project : The Tribune India|access-date=26 February 2023|archive-date=26 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226214852/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/five-years-on-govt-yet-to-announce-closure-of-galliara-project-191665|url-status=live}}</ref> This was made into a public park and opened in June 1988.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sgpc-seeks-control-of-golden-temple-galliara-heritage-street-101627674792222.html|title=SGPC seeks control of Golden Temple galliara, heritage street|date=31 July 2021|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=26 February 2023|archive-date=26 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226214848/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sgpc-seeks-control-of-golden-temple-galliara-heritage-street-101627674792222.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/golden-temple-galiara-haven-for-drug-addicts-cops-claim-no-info-2908745/|title=Golden Temple: Galiara haven for drug addicts, cops claim 'no info'|date=12 July 2016|access-date=26 February 2023|archive-date=26 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226214854/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/golden-temple-galiara-haven-for-drug-addicts-cops-claim-no-info-2908745/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/nanhi-chhaan-s-golden-temple-galliara-upkeep-contract-ends-562238|title=Nanhi Chhaan's Golden Temple 'galliara' upkeep contract ends : The Tribune India|access-date=26 February 2023|archive-date=26 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226214848/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/nanhi-chhaan-s-golden-temple-galliara-upkeep-contract-ends-562238|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden temple's galiara, a picture of complete neglect |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-amritsar/20190124/281835759905392 |via=PressReader |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226214847/https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-amritsar/20190124/281835759905392 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2021, a young man was allegedly beaten to death after disrupting the [[Rehras Sahib]] (evening prayer) at the sanctum of the temple. He reportedly jumped over a railing and picked up the sword lying before the temple's copy of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], before attempting to touch the Guru Granth Sahib itself. He was subsequently overpowered by the pilgrims and received fatal injuries to the head.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/amritsar-youth-disrupt-religious-service-in-golden-temple/articleshow/88361638.cms|title=Amritsar: Youth disrupts religious service in Golden Temple|newspaper=Times of India|date=19 December 2021|accessdate=19 December 2021|first=Yudhvir|last=Rana|archive-date=19 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219003839/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/amritsar-youth-disrupt-religious-service-in-golden-temple/articleshow/88361638.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[2023 Golden Temple blasts]] occurred on 7 May and on 9 May 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Security Guard team at Amritsar twin blast site |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/national-security-guard-team-at-amritsar-twin-blast-site20230509091226/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=ANI News |date=9 May 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516160640/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/national-security-guard-team-at-amritsar-twin-blast-site20230509091226/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Architecture==
{{See also|Sikh architecture}}
{{anchor | arch }}

[[File:The Golden temple map.jpg|thumb|left|The Golden temple complex map]]
[[File:Ceiling of the Golden Temple in gold and precious stones.JPG|thumb|The ceiling of Harmandir Sahib is made with [[gold]] and precious stones.]]
[[File:Entrance to Golden Temple, Amritsar.jpg|thumb|The Darshani Deorhi Arch, entrance to the Harmandir Sahib complex]]

The Golden Temple's architecture reflects different architectural practices prevalent in the [[Indian subcontinent]], as various iterations of temple were rebuilt and restored.<ref name=":25" />

The first structure of the Harmandir Sahib constructed under the purview of Guru Arjan combined the concepts of ''[[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamsaals]]'' and the holy water tanks (''[[Temple tank|sarovar]]'').<ref name=":25" /> Rather than copying the traditional method of Hindu temple construction by building the shrine on a high plinth, Guru Arjan rather decided to build the shrine lower than the surroundings so that devotees would have to walk downwards to reach it.<ref name=":25" /> The four entrances represented that the Sikh faith was equally open to all four of the traditional Indian caste classifications (''[[Varna (Hinduism)|varnas]]'').<ref name=":25" /> No surviving account, depiction, or record is extant or known of the proto-type, pre-1764 Harmandir Sahib that was built by the Sikh gurus themselves.<ref name=":25" /> However, [[Kanwarjit Singh Kang]] believes the original, Guru-constructed structure was mostly comparable and similar to the present-day structure said to have been constructed in 1764.<ref name=":25" />

[[James Fergusson (architect)|James Fergusson]] considered the Golden Temple as a specimen of one of the forms that the architecture of Hindu temples developed into in the 19th century.<ref name=":25" /> When a list of structures of interest was prepared and published by the colonial government of Punjab in 1875, it was claimed that the architectural design of the Golden Temple, in the form it was constructed as by Ranjit Singh, was based ultimately on the [[Shrine of Mian Mir|shrine]] of the Sufi saint [[Mian Mir]].<ref name=":25" /> [[Louis Rousselet]] stated in 1882 that the shrine was a "handsome style of [[Jats|Jat]] architecture."<ref name=":25" /> Major Henry Hardy Cole described the architecture of the edifice as being primarily drawn from [[Islamic architecture|Islamic sources]] with a significant input from [[Hindu architecture|Hindu styles]].<ref name=":25" /> [[Percy Brown (art historian)|Percy Brown]] also classified the temple as being a synthesis of Islamic and Hindu architectural styles, but also observed that the structure has its own unique characteristics and inventions.<ref name=":25" /> [[Hermann Goetz (art historian)|Hermann Goetz]] believed that the temple's architecture was a "[[Kangra State|Kangra]] transformation of [[Awadh|Oudh]] architecture" that the Sikhs adopted for their own constructions, which he praises, however he also critiqued the temple for having "gaudy" elements commonly found in Indian gurdwaras, an example being the [[Rococo|rococo-styled art]].<ref name=":25" /> The Temple is described by Ian Kerr, and other scholars, as a mixture of the Indo-Islamic Mughal and the Hindu Rajput architecture.<ref name="eos" /><ref>{{harvnb|Eleanor Nesbitt|2016|pp=64–65}} Quote: "The Golden Temple (...) By 1776, the present structure, a harmonious blending of Mughal and Rajput (Islamic and Hindu) architectural styles was complete."</ref>

The sanctum is a 12.25 x 12.25 metre square with two storeys and a gold leaf dome. This sanctum has a marble platform that is a 19.7 x 19.7 metre square. It sits inside an almost square (154.5 x 148.5 m2) pool called ''amritsar'' or ''amritsarovar'' (''amrit'' means nectar, ''sar'' is short form of ''sarovar'' and means pool). The pool is 5.1 metres deep and is surrounded by a 3.7 metre wide circumambulatory marble passage that is circled clockwise. The sanctum is connected to the platform by a causeway and the gateway into the causeway is called the Darshani Ḍeorhi (from ''Darshana Dvara''). For those who wish to take a dip in the pool, the temple provides a half hexagonal shelter and holy steps to Har ki Pauri.<ref name="eos" />{{sfn|Pardeep Singh Arshi|1989|pp=97–116}} Bathing in the pool is believed by many Sikhs to have restorative powers, purifying one's ''[[karma]]''.<ref name="Thursby1992p14" /> Some carry bottles of the pool water home particularly for sick friends and relatives.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh |title=Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0s2dUUMHbkC&pg=PA101 |year=2004|publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-1779-9|pages=100–101 }}</ref> The pool is maintained by volunteers who perform ''kar seva'' (community service) by draining and desilting it periodically.<ref name="Thursby1992p14">{{cite book|author=Gene R. Thursby|title=The Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNsIoNN5ie8C&pg=PA14|year=1992|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-09554-3|pages=14–15}}</ref>

There is a section of the shrine known as the ''Har-Ki-Pauri'', located on the backside of the temple proper, where pilgrims and worshippers can take a sip of the water from the holy temple tank.<ref name=":25" /> The water used for the daily ritual cleaning of the temple premises is also sourced from this section.<ref name=":25" /> The water is mixed with milk to dilute the milk content, with the combined solution used to clean the temple's surfaces on a daily basis.<ref name=":25" />

{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Darshani Deori 27 September 2018.jpg
| width1 = 180
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Golden Temple, Amristar.jpg
| width2 = 180
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Left: Causeway to the sanctum with people, behind the pool is Ath Sath Tirath; Right: Entrance view
}}
The sanctum has two floors. The Sikh scripture ''[[Guru Granth Sahib]]'' is seated on the lower square floor for about 20 hours every day, and for 4 hours it is taken to its bedroom inside Akal Takht with elaborate ceremonies in a palki, for ''sukhasana'' and ''Prakash''.<ref name=" Cole2004p6"/> The floor with the seated scripture is raised a few steps above the entrance causeway level. The upper floor in the sanctum is a gallery and connected by stairs. The ground floor is lined with white marble, as is the path surrounding the sanctum. The sanctum's exterior has gilded copper plates. The doors are gold leaf-covered copper sheets with nature motifs such as birds and flowers. The ceiling of the upper floor is gilded, embossed and decorated with jewels. The sanctum dome is semi-spherical with a pinnacle ornament. The sides are embellished with arched copings and small solid domes, the corners adorning cupolas, all of which are covered with gold leaf-covered gilded copper.<ref name=eos/> There is a pavilion located on the second-floor called the ''Shish Mahal'' (mirror room).<ref name=":25" />

The floral designs on the marble panels of the walls around the sanctum are [[Arabesque]]. The arches include verses from the Sikh scripture in gold letters. The frescoes follow the Indian tradition and include animal, bird and nature motifs rather than being purely geometrical. The stair walls have murals of Sikh Gurus such as the falcon carrying Guru Gobind Singh riding a horse.<ref name=eos/>{{sfn|Pardeep Singh Arshi|1989|pp=68–73}}
[[File:Golden Temple night view - IMG 6323-2.jpg|thumb|Side view of the causeway leading from the ''Darshani Deorhi'' (right) to the sanctum (left)]]
The Darshani Deorhi is a two-storey structure that houses the temple management offices and treasury. At the exit of the path leading away from the sanctum is the ''Prasada'' facility, where volunteers serve a flour-based sweet offering called ''Karah prasad''. Typically, the pilgrims to the Golden Temple enter and make a clockwise circumambulation around the pool before entering the sanctum. There are four entrances to the gurdwara complex signifying the openness to all sides, but a single entrance to the sanctum of the temple through a causeway.<ref name=eos/><ref name=Fahlbusch>{{cite book|last=Fahlbusch|first=Erwin|author2=Geoffrey William Bromiley|title=The encyclopedia of Christianity|year=1999|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-14596-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC|edition=Reprint|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155355/https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC|url-status=live}}</ref>{{page needed|date=February 2018}}

===Akal Takht and Teja Singh Samundri Hall===
{{main|Akal Takht}}

{{multiple image
| align = left
| image1 = Akal Takht illuminated, in Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar.jpg
| width1 = 170
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Atta Mandi Deori, Amritsar 02.jpg
| width2 = 170
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Left: Akal Takht illuminated; Right: One of the entrance gates
}}

In front of the sanctum and the causeway is the Akal Takht building. It is the chief ''Takht'', a centre of authority in Sikhism. Its name ''Akal Takht'' means "throne of the Timeless (God)". The institution was established by [[Guru Hargobind]] after the martyrdom of his father Guru Arjan, as a place to conduct ceremonial, spiritual and secular affairs, issuing binding writs on Sikh gurdwaras far from his own location. A building was later constructed over the Takht founded by Guru Hargobind, and this came to be known as Akal Bunga. The Akal Takht is also known as Takht Sri Akal Bunga. The Sikh tradition has five Takhts, all of which are major pilgrimage sites in Sikhism. These are in Anandpur, Patna, Nanded, Talwandi Sabo and Amritsar. The Akal Takht in the Golden Temple complex is the primary seat and chief.{{sfn|Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh |2011|p=80}}<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Norman Gerald Barrier|author3=W. H. McLeod|title=Sikhism and History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xY_XAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566708-0|pages=201–215}}</ref> It is also the headquarters of the main political party of the Indian state of Punjab, Shiromani Akali Dal (Supreme Akali Party).<ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/> The Akal Takht issues edicts or writs (''hukam'') on matters related to Sikhism and the solidarity of the Sikh community.

The Teja Singh Samundri Hall is the office of the [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]] (Supreme Committee of Temple Management). It is located in a building near the Langar-kitchen and Assembly Hall. This office coordinates and oversees the operations of major Sikh temples.<ref name="Harmandir-Sahib"/>{{sfn|W. Owen Cole|2004|p=10}}

===Ramgarhia Bunga and Clock Tower===
{{main|Ramgarhia Bunga}}

{{multiple image
| total_width = 380
| align = right
| image1 = Goldentemple (82).JPG
| image2 = 1860s photo of the Amritsar Golden Temple with the British style Gothic Clock Tower.jpg
| footer = Left: [[Ramgarhia Bunga]] watchtowers to protect the Golden temple, Right: An 1860s photo of the Golden Temple during the colonial British era with the under-construction [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[clock tower]] (which was later demolished<ref name="Talbot2016p80"/>) on extreme right-side.
}}

The [[Ramgarhia Bunga]] – the two high towers visible from the ''parikrama'' (circumambulation) walkway around the tank,{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA435 435]}} is named after a Sikh subgroup. The red sandstone minaret-style ''Bunga'' (buêgā) towers were built in the 18th century, a period of Afghan attacks and temple demolitions. It is named after the [[Sikh]] warrior and [[Ramgarhia]] [[misl]] chief [[Jassa Singh Ramgarhia]]. It was constructed as the temple [[watchtower]]s for sentinels to watch for any military raid approaching the temple and the surrounding area, help rapidly gather a defence to protect the Golden Temple complex. According to Fenech and McLeod, during the 18th century, Sikh misl chiefs and rich communities built over 70 such ''Bungas'' of different shapes and forms around the temple to watch the area, house soldiers and defend the temple.{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|pp=74–75}} These served defensive purposes, provided accommodation for Sikh pilgrims and served as centres of learning in the 19th century.{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|pp=74–75}} Most of the Bungas were demolished during the British colonial era. The Ramgarhia Bunga remains a symbol of the [[Ramgarhia]] Sikh community's identity, their historic sacrifices and contribution to defending the Golden Temple over the centuries.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Norman Gerald Barrier|title=Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIN0AAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Manohar|isbn=978-81-7304-236-2|page=264|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308160011/https://books.google.com/books?id=DIN0AAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Clock Tower did not exist in the original version of the temple. In its location was a building, now called the "lost palace". The officials of the [[British India]] wanted to demolish the building after the Second Anglo-Sikh war and once they had annexed the Sikh Empire. The Sikhs opposed the demolition, but this opposition was ignored. In its place, the clock tower was added. The clock tower was designed by John Gordon in a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedral style with red bricks. The clock tower construction started in 1862 and was completed in 1874. The tower was demolished by the Sikh community about 70 years later. In its place, a new entrance was constructed with a design more harmonious with the Temple. This entrance on the north side has a clock, houses a museum on its upper floor, and it continues to be called ''ghanta ghar deori''.<ref name="Talbot2016p80">{{cite book|author=Ian Talbot| title=A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |year=2016| publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19694-8|pages=80–81 with Figure 8}}</ref><ref name="Narayanan2015p76">{{cite book|author=Shikha Jain|editor=Yamini Narayanan|title=Religion and Urbanism: Reconceptualising Sustainable Cities for South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQUBCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 |year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-75542-5|pages=76–77}}</ref>

===Ber trees===
[[File:Dukh Bhanjani Ber tree and entrance gate near the Langar at the Golden Temple.jpg|thumb|left|The historic ''Dukh Bhanjani Ber'' tree inside the courtyard, next to Ath Sath Tirath.]]

The Golden Temple complex originally was open and had numerous trees around the pool. It is now a walled, two-storey courtyard with four entrances, that preserve three Ber trees ([[jujube]]). One of them is to the right of the main ''ghanta ghar deori'' entrance with the clock, and it is called the ''Ber Baba Buddha''. It is believed in the Sikh tradition to be the tree where Baba Buddha sat to supervise the construction of the pool and first temple.<ref name="Cole2004p6">{{harvnb|W. Owen Cole|2004|pages=6–9}}</ref>{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=435–436}}

A second tree is called ''Laachi Ber'', believed to the one under which Guru Arjan rested while the temple was being built.{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=435–436}} The third one is called ''Dukh Bhanjani Ber'', located on the other side of the sanctum, across the pool. It is believed in the Sikh tradition that this tree was the location where a Sikh was cured of his leprosy after taking a dip in the pool, giving the tree the epithet of "suffering remover".{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|p=146}}<ref>{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA64|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=64}}</ref> There is a small gurdwara underneath the tree.{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=435–436}} The ''Ath Sath Tirath'', or the spot equivalent to 68 pilgrimages, is in the shade underneath the ''Dukh Bhanjani Ber'' tree. Sikh devotees, states Charles Townsend, believe that bathing in the pool near this spot delivers the same fruits as a visit to 68 pilgrimage places in India.{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=435–436}}

===Sikh history museums===
The main ''ghanta ghari deori'' north entrance has a Sikh history museum on the first floor, according to the Sikh tradition. The display shows various paintings of gurus and martyrs, many narrating the persecution of Sikhs over their history, and historical items such as swords, ''kartar'', comb, ''chakkars''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bruce M. Sullivan|title=Sacred Objects in Secular Spaces: Exhibiting Asian Religions in Museums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEOOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT76|year=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4725-9083-1|pages=76–78}}</ref> A new underground museum near the clock tower, but outside the temple courtyard also shows Sikh history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/golden-temple-s-hi-tech-basement-showcasing-sikh-history-and-ethos-opens-for-pilgrims/story-hpcE6ZrYgrHnyQJ3gh9ZzL.html|title=Golden Temple's hi-tech basement showcases Sikh history, ethos opens for pilgrims|date=22 December 2016|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=23 December 2019|archive-date=23 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223153535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/golden-temple-s-hi-tech-basement-showcasing-sikh-history-and-ethos-opens-for-pilgrims/story-hpcE6ZrYgrHnyQJ3gh9ZzL.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/golden-temple%E2%80%99s-story-comes-alive-at-its-plaza-340292 |author=G. S. Paul |date=22 December 2016 |title=Golden Temple's story comes alive at its plaza |work=Tribune India |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155930/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/golden-temple%E2%80%99s-story-comes-alive-at-its-plaza-340292 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Louis E. Fenech, the display does not present the parallel traditions of Sikhism and is partly ahistorical such as a headless body continuing to fight, but a significant artwork and reflects the general trend in Sikhism of presenting their history to be one of persecution, martyrdoms and bravery in wars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Louis E. Fenech|title=Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition: Playing the "game of Love"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI3XAAAAMAAJ |year=2000| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-564947-5| pages=44–45, 57–61, 114–115, 157 with notes}}</ref>

The main entrance to the gurdwara has many memorial plaques that commemorate past Sikh historical events, saints and martyrs, contributions of Ranjit Singh, as well as commemorative inscriptions of all the Sikh soldiers who died fighting in the two World Wars and the various Indo-Pakistan wars.<ref>{{cite book|author=K Singh|title=The Sikh Review, Volume 32, Issues 361–372|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4bXAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Sikh Cultural Centre|page=114}}</ref>

=== Amrit Sarovar ===
The Amrit Sarovar is the name of the main [[Temple tank|temple-tank]] (''sarovar'') of the complex.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Amrit Sarovar |url=https://www.goldentempleamritsar.org/famous-temples-in-india/amritsar/five-sacred-sarovars/amrit-sarovar.php |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Golden Temple Amritsar}}</ref> It is a large, rectangular water-tank that measures approximately 150 meters by 150 meters with the principal shrine edifice in the middle of it, with it being surrounded on its sides by the marble walkway of the complex (''[[Parikrama|parikarma]]'').<ref name=":2" /> Its construction was first started via digging by [[Guru Amar Das]] in November 1573, with the main bulk of the work being attributed to the successor Guru Ram Das, and a later expansion by Guru Arjan.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Udasi|Udasis]] of Brahm Buta Akhara also were responsible for digging a ''hansli'' (water channel) to feed water into the Amrit Sarovar of the Darbar Sahib complex in 1783.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2021 |title=Dens of belief: Akharas of Amritsar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/dens-of-belief-198715/ |access-date=8 October 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref> Later, the hansli was made redundant through the construction of a Amritsar-Lahore branch and Kasur-Sabraon branch.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Daljeet |title=Sri Harimandar Sahib: The Body Visible of the Invisible Supreme |last2=Jain |first2=P. C. |last3=Singh |first3=Rajbir |publisher=Prakash Books |year=2006 |isbn=9788172340568 |pages=38}}</ref> Since 1866, the Amrit Sarovar of the Golden Temple complex has been fed water from the Jethuwal distributory of the Upper Bari Doab of the region between the Beas and Ravi, via a connection between the Kaulsar Sarovar and Amrit Sarovar.<ref name=":12" /> The canal was originally ''kachcha'' but later was lined and covered.<ref name=":12" /> Since the 1900s, the sarovar has been regularly, periodically cleaned in the form of communal [[Kar seva|Kar Seva]] projects, with the first modern one being held on 17 June 1923.<ref name=":2" /> Aside from the Amrit Sarovar, other prominent sarovars of the city of Amritsar are the Santokhsar Sarovar, Ramsar Sarovar, Kaulsar Sarovar, and Bibeksar Sarovar.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Five Sarovars of Amritsar |url=https://www.goldentempleamritsar.org/famous-temples-in-india/amritsar/five-sacred-sarovars/ |access-date=12 November 2025 |website=Golden Temple Amritsar}}</ref>

==Daily ceremonies==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = 2017 sukhasan ritual palki palanquin for Guru Granth Sahib every night, Golden temple Amritsar.jpg
| width1 = 140
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Sikh pilgrim at the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) in Amritsar, India.jpg
| width2 = 180
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Left: A palanquin being prepared for the daily ''sukhasan'' ritual to carry the scripture to a bedroom; Right: A Sikh pilgrim. Some Sikhs take a dip in the pool.
}}

There are several rites performed every day in the Golden Temple as per the historic Sikh tradition. These rites treat the scripture as a living person, a Guru out of respect. They include:{{sfn|Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh|2011|pp=81–82}}<ref name="Myrvold2016p125">{{cite book|author=Kristina Myrvold|title=The Death of Sacred Texts: Ritual Disposal and Renovation of Texts in World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Yu1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 |year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-03640-1|pages=125–144}}</ref>

* Closing rite called ''sukhasan'' (''sukh'' means "comfort or rest", ''asan'' means "position"). At night, after a series of devotional [[kirtan]]s and three part [[ardās]], the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' is closed, carried on the head, placed into and then carried in a flower decorated, pillow-bed palki (palanquin), with chanting. Its bedroom is in the Akal Takht, on the first floor. Once it arrives there, the scripture is tucked into a bed.{{sfn|Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh |2011|pp=81–82}}<ref name="Myrvold2016p125"/>
* Opening rite called ''prakash'' which means "light". At about dawn every day, the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' is taken out its bedroom, carried on the head, placed and carried in a flower-decorated palki with chanting and [[bugle]] sounding across the causeway. It is brought to the sanctum. Then after ritual singing of a series of Var Asa kirtans and ''ardas'', a random page is opened. This is the ''mukhwak'' of the day, it is read out loud, and then written out for the pilgrims to read over that day.{{sfn|Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh |2011|pp=81–82}}<ref name="Myrvold2016p125"/>

===Guru Ram Das Langar===
[[File:The famous 'langar'- free meals for one and all (38938496121).jpg|thumb|left|[[Langar (Sikhism)|Langar]] hall from inside]]
Harmandir Sahib complex has a [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]], a community-run free kitchen and dining hall. It is attached to the east side of the courtyard near the ''Dukh Bhanjani Ber'', outside of the entrance. Food is served here to all visitors who want it, regardless of faith, gender or economic background. Vegetarian food is served and all people eat together as equals. Everyone sits on the floor in rows, which is called ''sangat''. The meal is served by volunteers as part of their ''kar seva'' ethos.{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=435–436}} Over 100,000 meals are served at the langar every day.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chaudhary |first1=Srishti |last2=Reichel |first2=Raphael |date=13 June 2023 |title=Amritsar: The Indian city where no one goes hungry |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230612-amritsar-the-indian-city-where-no-one-goes-hungry |work=BBC |access-date=29 April 2025}}</ref>[[File:A group of volunteers helping with daily food preparation for Langar at the Golden Temple.jpg|thumb|Volunteers helping prepare the food at the langar]]

== Art ==
{{Main|Sikh art}}

The art of the Golden Temple has rarely been analysed or studied in a serious manner.<ref name=":25" /> Within the Shish Mahal on the second-story of the building, there are mirror-work art designs which consist of small pieces of mirror which are inlaid into the walls and ceilings, highlighted with decorations of floral designs.<ref name=":25" /> The ceilings, walls and arches of the structure are embellished by intricate mural artwork.<ref name=":25" /> The ''[[pietra dura]]'' (inlaid stone design) artwork of the shrine, which features avian and other animalistic designs using semi-precious stones, was mostly inspired by the Mughal tradition.<ref name=":25" /> The temple premises is also decorated with embossed copper, ''gach'', ''tukri'', ''jaratkari'', and ivory inlay artwork.<ref name=":25" /> The external portions of the upper story's walls of the temple have been affixed with beaten copper plates that feature raised designs depicting usually florals and abstracts but there are some depictions of human figures as well.<ref name=":25" /> An example of embossed metal designs depicting humans are two raised copper panels located on the front-side of the temple prior, the first which depicts [[Guru Nanak]] surrounded by his companions, [[Bhai Mardana]] and [[Bhai Bala]], on each side.<ref name=":25" /> The second embossed panel features an equestrian portrayal of [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name=":25" />

''Gach'' can be described as a kind of stone or gypsum.<ref name=":25" /> Gach was transformed into a paste and used on the walls, similar in nature to lime-plaster.<ref name=":25" /> Once applied to the wall, it was decorated into shape with steel cutters and other tools.<ref name=":25" /> Sometimes the gach had coloured glass pieces placed on it, which is known as ''tukri''.<ref name=":25" /> The Shish Mahal features a lot of examples of tukri work.<ref name=":25" /> On the other hand, ''jaratkari'' was an art form and method which involved placing inlaid and cut stones of varying colours and types into marble.<ref name=":25" /> Surviving exemplars of jaratkari art from the temple can be found on the bottom-section of the exterior walls which are encased with marble panels featuring jaratkari artwork.<ref name=":25" /> The jaratkari marble panels in this lower exterior section is classified as pietra dura and semi-precious stones, like lapis lazuli and onyx, were utilised.<ref name=":25" /> While the Mughals also decorated their edifices using jaratkari and pietra dura art, what sets apart the Sikh form of the art technique from the Mughal one is that the Sikh jaratkari art form also depicts human and animal figuratives with it, something that is not found in Mughal jaratkari art.<ref name=":25" />

Inlaid ivory work can be witnessed on the doors of the Darshani Deori structure of the complex.<ref name=":25" /> The structure of the Darshani Deori was made out of ''[[Dalbergia sissoo|shisham]]'' wood, the front of the edifice is overlaid with silverwork, including ornamated silver panels.<ref name=":25" /> The back of the structure is decorated with panels consisting of floral and geometric designs but also animal figuratives, such as deer, tigers, lions, and birds.<ref name=":25" /> Portions of the inlaid ivory had been coloured red or green, an aspect of the artwork that was praised by H.H. Cole for its harmoniousness.<ref name=":25" />

The oldest extant [[mural]]s in the complex date back to the 1830s.<ref name=":1" /> Most of the vast array of murals that once coated the walls of the complex were destroyed in subsequent renovation works conducted under the guise of ''[[kar seva]]'', such as by being covered by marble slabs affixed to the walls.<ref name=":1" /> A prominent artist who painted many of the murals in the complex was [[Gian Singh Naqqash]].<ref name=":1" /> The mural artwork of the temple consists primarily of floral designs with scattered examples of animal designs and themes.<ref name=":25" /> There are over 300 different design patterns dispersed all over the walls of the edifice.<ref name=":25" /> These wall paintings were created by ''Naqqashi'' artists, who had developed their own lingo to differentiate their various themes and designs.<ref name=":25" /> The most prominent design category was referred to as ''Dehin,'' which is described as "a medium of expression of the imaginative study of the artist's own creation of idealised forms".<ref name=":25" /> The base of dehin is known as ''Gharwanjh''.<ref name=":25" /> Gharwanjh is a "decorative device involving knotted grapples between animals".<ref name=":25" /> The gharwanjh designs of the Golden Temple features cobras, lions, and elephants holding one another or carrying floral vases which feature fruit and fairies as decoration.<ref name=":25" /> The decorative border of the dehin is known as ''Patta'', usually utilising creepers for its design.<ref name=":25" /> Some feature designs incorporating aquatic creatures.<ref name=":25" />
[[File:Fresco depicting Guru Gobind Singh on horseback with his retinue leaving Anandpur Fort, Kangra School, from within the Golden Temple shrine, Amritsar, ca.1820's–1830's.jpg|thumb|Fresco depicting Guru Gobind Singh on horseback with his retinue leaving Anandpur Fort, Kangra School, from within the Golden Temple shrine, Amritsar, ca.1820's–1830's]]
The only mural depicting human figures within the temple proper is located on the wall behind the northern narrow staircase leading to the top of the shrine. It depicts Guru Gobind Singh on horseback alongside his retinue leaving the fort of Anandpur - a mural adaptation of what was originally a Kangra miniature painting.<ref name=":25" /> When H.H. Cole wrote about the murals of the Golden Temple, he witnessed many murals depicting [[Hindu mythology|Indic mythological scenes]] but these murals have since been lost.<ref name=":25" />

While W. Wakefield had recorded that he observed murals depicting erotic scenes painted on the Golden Temple's walls in a work published in 1875, Kanwarjit Singh Kang finds this to be a spurious account which is likely false because there is no corroborative accounts to support this.<ref name=":25" />

The various artists and craftsmen who worked on creating the mural artwork and other accessory art of the temple are mostly unknown and it is nearly impossible to link any particular art piece with a specific name, aside from a very few.<ref name=":25" /> A traditional Sikh artist who had worked at the Golden Temple, named Hari Singh, had prepared a list of all the names of the artists, painters (''naqqashis''), and craftsmen he could recount that had also worked at some point in time at the Golden Temple, the names are as follows: Kishan Singh, Bishan Singh, Kapur Singh, Kehar Singh, ''[[Mahant]]'' Ishar Singh, Sardul Singh, Jawahar Singh, Mehtab Singh, ''[[Mistri]]'' Jaimal Singh, Harnam Singh, Ishar Singh (not to be confused with Mahant Ishar Singh), Gian Singh, Lal Singh Tarn Taran, Mangal Singh, Mistri Narain Singh, Mistri Jit Singh, Atma Singh, Darja Mal, and Vir Singh.<ref name=":25" />
[[File:Photograph of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab, by Felice Beato, circa October 1859.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab, by Felice Beato, circa October 1859. Many frescoes can be seen adorning the exterior wall panels of the central edifice. These murals are no longer extant.]]
Most of the artwork lost over the years, throughout the various changes and renovations to the temple, were murals.<ref name=":25" /> Murals started being lost in the temple around the last years of the 19th century, when devotees were allowed to start donating inlaid marble panels to affix to the walls of the shrine.<ref name=":25" /> The walls that were covered by these marble panels usually were painted with murals and thus the murals were either hidden under the marble panels or destroyed.<ref name=":25" /> The Golden Temple used to have many traditional buildings, known as ''bungas'', surrounding it.<ref name=":25" /> These bungas were a great source and collection of murals and thus their artwork was lost when the vast majority of the bungas were demolished over the years under the guise of modernising the religious site and expanding its ''[[parikrama]]''.<ref name=":25" /> When the Darshani Deori was covered with marble panels, many wall paintings that had been executed by Mahant Ishar Singh were covered up and lost due to them.<ref name=":25" />

==Influence on contemporary era Sikhism==
===Singh Sabha movement===
{{Main|Singh Sabha Movement}}

The [[Singh Sabha movement]] was a late-19th century movement within the Sikh community to rejuvenate and reform Sikhism at a time when Christian, Hindu and Muslim proselytisers were actively campaigning to convert Sikhs to their religion.<ref name=barrierssm>{{cite book |last1=Barrier |first1=N. Gerald |last2=Singh |first2=Nazer |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Harbans |title=Singh Sabha Movement |orig-year=1998 |publisher=Punjab University|year=2002 |location=Patiala, Punjab |isbn=978-8173803499 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIvS-z/page/n222 205]–212 |edition=4th |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIvS-z |access-date=3 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Singh-Sabha |title=Singh Sabha (Sikhism) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2010 |access-date=10 November 2019 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226073623/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Singh-Sabha |url-status=live }}</ref> The movement was triggered by the conversion of Ranjit Singh's son Duleep Singh and other well-known people to Christianity. Started in 1870s, the Singh Sabha movement's aims were to propagate the true Sikh religion, restore and reform Sikhism to bring back into the Sikh fold the apostates who had left Sikhism.<ref name=barrierssm/>{{sfn|Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|2013|pp=85–86}}{{sfn|Louis E. Fenech|W. H. McLeod|2014|pp=273–274}} There were three main groups with different viewpoints and approaches, of which the Tat Khalsa group had become dominant by the early 1880s.{{sfn|Pashaura Singh|Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=28–29, 73–76}}<ref name="Oberoi1994">{{cite book|author=Harjot Oberoi|title=The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKl84EYFkTsC&pg=PA382|date=1994|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-61593-6|pages=382–383}}</ref> Before 1905, the Golden Temple had Brahmin priests, idols and images for at least a century, attracting pious Sikhs and Hindus.<ref name="Jones1976p211">{{cite book|author=Kenneth W. Jones|title=Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RpvXCtNzrz8C&pg=PA211| year=1976|publisher= University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02920-0|pages=211–212}}, Quote: "Brahmin priests and their idols had been associated with the Golden Temple for at least a century and had over these years received the patronage of pious Hindus and Sikhs. In the 1890s these practices came under increasing attack by reformist Sikhs."</ref> In 1890s, these idols and practices came under attack from reformist Sikhs.<ref name="Jones1976p211"/> In 1905, with the campaign of the Tat Khalsa, these idols and images were removed from the Golden Temple.<ref>{{cite book |author=W. H. McLeod|title=The A to Z of Sikhism |chapter=Idol Worship |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA97 |year=2009|publisher= Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6|page=97}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Harjot Oberoi |title=The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dKl84EYFkTsC&pg=PA323 |year=1994| publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-61593-6|pages=320–327}}</ref> The Singh Sabha movement brought the Khalsa back to the fore of gurdwara administration{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT542 542–543]}} over the ''mahants'' (priests) class,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deol |first1=Harnik |title=Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134635351 |pages=75–78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkHi5j81VHEC |access-date=3 December 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155821/https://books.google.com/books?id=tkHi5j81VHEC |url-status=live }}</ref> who had taken over control of the main gurdwaras and other institutions vacated by the [[Khalsa]] in their fight for survival against the [[Mughals]] during the 18th century<ref name=mandair>{{cite book |last1=Mandair |first1=Arvind-Pal Singh |title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |date=2013 |publisher=A&C Black |location=London |isbn=978-1441102317 |page=83 |edition=illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA83 |access-date=1 May 2019}}</ref> and had been most prominent during the 19th century.<ref name=mandair/>

===Jallianwala Bagh massacre===
{{Main|Jallianwala Bagh massacre}}

As per tradition, the Sikhs gathered in the Golden Temple to celebrate the festival of [[Baisakhi]] in 1919. After their visit, many walked over to the [[Jallianwala Bagh]] next to it to listen to speakers protesting the [[Rowlatt Act]] and other policies implemented by the British colonial government. A large crowd had gathered, when Colonel [[Reginald Dyer|Reginald Edward Harry Dyer]] ordered a detachment of ninety soldiers (drawn from the [[9th Gorkha Rifles]] and the [[59th Scinde Rifles (Frontier Force)|59th Scinde Rifles]]) under his command to surround the Jallianwala Bagh, and then open fire into the crowd. 379 were killed and thousands were wounded in the massacre.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Kristen Haar|author2=Sewa Singh Kalsi|title=Sikhism| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YOI1nB_zTyAC&pg=PA112 |year=2009| publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn =978-1-4381-0647-2|page= 112}}</ref> The [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|massacre]] strengthened the opposition to colonial rule throughout India, particularly that from Sikhs. It triggered massive non-violent protests. The protests pressured the British colonial government to transfer the control over the management and treasury of the Golden Temple to an elected organisation called [[Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee]] (SGPC). The SGPC continues to manage the Golden Temple.{{sfn|Pashaura Singh| Louis E. Fenech|2014|pp=433–434}}

===Punjabi Suba movement===
{{Main|Punjabi Suba movement}}

The [[Punjabi Suba movement]] was a long-drawn political agitation, launched by the [[Sikhs]], demanding the creation of a Punjabi Suba, or [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-speaking state, in the post-independence state of [[East Punjab]].{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=391}} It was first presented as a policy position in April 1948 by the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]],{{sfn|Bal|1985|p=419}} after the States Reorganisation Commission set up after independence was not effective in the north of the country during its work to delineate states on a linguistic basis.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=392}} The Golden Temple complex was the main centre of operations of the movement,{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=397}} and important events during the movement that occurred at the gurdwara included the [[Punjabi Suba movement#1955 Golden Temple raid|1955 raid]] by the government to quash the movement, and the subsequent [[Punjabi Suba movement#Amritsar Convention|Amritsar Convention]] in 1955 to convey Sikh sentiments to the central government.{{sfn|Bal|1985|p=426}} The complex was also the site of speeches, demonstrations, and mass arrests,{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=397}} and where leaders of the movement domiciled in huts during [[hunger strike]]s.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=398}} The borders of the modern [[Punjab, India|state of Punjab]], along with the official status of the state's native language of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] in the [[Gurmukhi]] script, are the result of the movement, which culminated in the setting of the current borders in 1966.{{sfn|Doad|1997|p=404}}

===Operation Blue Star===
[[File:Golden temple aerial shot in Amritsar.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the Galliara park around the complex]]
{{main|Operation Blue Star}}

The Golden Temple and Akal Takht were occupied by various militant groups in the early 1980s. These included the [[Dharam Yudh Morcha]] led by Sikh fundamentalist [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]], the Babbar Khalsa, the AISSF and the National Council of Khalistan.<ref name="Chima2008p85"/> In December 1983, the Sikh political party [[Akali Dal]]'s President [[Harchand Singh Longowal]] had invited [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] to take up residence in Golden Temple Complex.<ref>Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 337.</ref> The Bhindranwale-led group under the military leadership of General [[Shabeg Singh]] had begun to build bunkers and observations posts in and around the Golden Temple.<ref name="ToI_Shabeg">{{cite news |last1=Tully |first1=Mark |title=Wounds heal but another time bomb ticks away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Wounds-heal-but-another-time-bomb-ticks-away/articleshow/35871055.cms |access-date=15 June 2018 |work=Gunfire Over the Golden Temple |publisher=The Times of India |date=3 June 2014 |archive-date=11 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011002526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Wounds-heal-but-another-time-bomb-ticks-away/articleshow/35871055.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> They organised the armed militants present at the [[Harmandir Sahib]] in Amritsar in June 1984. The Golden Temple became a place for weapons training for the militants.<ref name="Chima2008p85"/> Shabeg Singh's military expertise is credited with the creation of effective defences of the Gurdwara Complex that made the possibility of a commando operation on foot impossible. Supporters of this militant movement circulated maps showing parts of northwest India, north Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan as historic and future boundaries of the Khalsa Sikhs, with varying claims in different maps.<ref name="Axel2001p96">{{cite book|author=Brian Keith Axel|title=The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh "Diaspora"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj8yJsixw8QC|year=2001|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-2615-9|pages=96–107|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155828/https://books.google.com/books?id=Gj8yJsixw8QC|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 1984, Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] ordered the Indian Army to begin [[Operation Blue Star]] against the militants.<ref name="Chima2008p85">{{cite book|author=Jugdep S Chima|title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJaHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 |date= 2008|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=978-81-321-0538-1|pages=85–95}}</ref> The operation caused severe damage and destroyed the Akal Takht. Numerous soldiers, militants and civilians died in the crossfire, with official estimates of death of 492 civilians and 83 Indian army men.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 June 2018|title=What happened during 1984 Operation Blue Star?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/1984-operation-blue-star-amritsar-1251681-2018-06-06|access-date=13 December 2020|work=India Today|language=en|archive-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111055415/https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/1984-operation-blue-star-amritsar-1251681-2018-06-06|url-status=live}}</ref> Within days of the Operation Bluestar, some 2,000 Sikh soldiers in India mutinied and attempted to reach Amritsar to liberate the Golden Temple.<ref name="Chima2008p85"/> Within six months, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi's Sikh bodyguards [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated her]].

In 1986, Indira Gandhi's son and the next Prime Minister of India [[Rajiv Gandhi]] ordered repairs to the Akal Takht Sahib. These repairs were removed and Sikhs rebuilt the Akal Takht Sahib in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-facts-about-harmandir-sahib-the-golden-temple-28035.html?page=3|date=22 June 2014|work=India TV|title=Know facts about Harmandir Sahib, The Golden Temple|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801221038/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/know-facts-about-harmandir-sahib-the-golden-temple-28035.html?page=3|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 09.jpg|Day time Complete view of Golden Temple complex
File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 08.jpg|Complete view of Golden Temple complex at night
File:Complete view of Golden Temple complex 06.jpg|Complete panoramic view of Golden Temple complex
File:Ramgarhia Bunga , Golden Temple , Amritsar.jpg|Ramgarhia Bunga , Golden Temple -night view
File:Langar , participatory community kitchen , Golden Temple ,Amritsar 03.jpg|Langar , participatory kitchen Golden Temple
File:Langar , participatory community kitchen , Golden Temple ,Amritsar 02.jpg|Langar , gender neutral participatory kitchen Golden Temple
File:Langar , participatory community kitchen , Golden Temple ,Amritsar 01.jpg|serving of Langar , participatory common kitchen ,Golden Temple
File:Miri-Piri , the twin Nishan Sahib flags ,Golden Temple ,Amritsar.jpg|Miri-Piri , the twin Nishan Sahib flags ,Golden Temple
File:A Sikh at Golden Temple.jpg|A baptised Sikh devotee at Golden Temple after taking holy bath in Sarovar at Golden Temple
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Punjab}}
* [[Golden Temple, Sripuram|Golden Temple, Vellore]]
* [[Amritsar Jamnagar Expressway]]
* [[Amritsar Ring Road]]
* [[Delhi Amritsar Katra Expressway]]
* [[Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib]]
* [[Hazur Sahib Nanded]]
* [[List of Gurudwaras]]
* [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib]]
==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

=== General bibliography ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|author=Pardeep Singh Arshi|title=The Golden Temple: history, art, and architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcmfAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Harman|isbn=978-81-85151-25-0}}
* {{cite journal|last=Bal |first=Sarjit Singh |title=Punjab After Independence (1947–1956) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1985 |volume=46 |pages=416–430 |jstor= 44141382}}
* {{cite book|author=W. Owen Cole|title=Understanding Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVhwDwAAQBAJ&q=tirath|year=2004|publisher=Dunedin Academic Press|isbn=978-1-906716-91-2|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308160002/https://books.google.com/books?id=KVhwDwAAQBAJ&q=tirath#v=snippet&q=tirath&f=false|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last=Doad |first=Karnail Singh |editor1-last=Siṅgh |editor1-first=Harbans |title=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |chapter=Punjabi Sūbā Movement |date=1997 |publisher=Punjab University, Patiala |publication-date=2011 |location=Patiala, Punjab, India |isbn=9788173803499 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r/page/n407 |pages=391–404 |edition=3rd |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIiiM-r |access-date=24 February 2020 }}
* {{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817161136/https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|author=W. H. McLeod|title=Textual Sources for the Study of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7xIT7OMSJ44C|year=1990|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-56085-4|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155944/https://books.google.com/books?id=7xIT7OMSJ44C|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|author= Eleanor Nesbitt|title= Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ|year= 2016|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-874557-0|access-date= 2 May 2018|archive-date= 11 August 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230811005754/https://books.google.com/books?id=XebnCwAAQBAJ|url-status= live}}
* {{cite book|author1=Trudy Ring|author2=Noelle Watson|author3=Paul Schellinger|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-63979-1}}
* {{cite book|author1=Christopher Shackle|author2=Arvind Mandair|title=Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VvoJV8mw0LwC|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-45101-0|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308155950/https://books.google.com/books?id=VvoJV8mw0LwC|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-100411-7|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308160518/https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308160619/https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|author=Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh|title=Sikhism: An Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h40AAwAAQBAJ|year=2011|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-962-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Henry Walker|editor=Kerry Brown|title=Sikh Art and Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddgO-DldmSwC|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-63136-0|access-date=2 May 2018|archive-date=8 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308170554/https://books.google.com/books?id=ddgO-DldmSwC|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book |last1=Syan |first1=Hardip S. |editor1-last=Singh |editor1-first=Pashaura |editor2-last=Fenech |editor2-first=Louis E. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8 |pages=170–179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |chapter=Sectarian Works |access-date=2 November 2019 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811005306/https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{commons|Harmandir Sahib}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Sikhism}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1604 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Architecture in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Gurdwaras in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in India]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1604]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures with domes]]
[[Category:Religious tourism in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Amritsar]]
[[Category:17th-century gurdwaras]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for India]]

Coke Studio @ MTV season 1

2026-01-21T04:13:57Z

Notthetag: Added A Details

{{short description|Season of television series}}
{{Multiple issues|{{one source|date=January 2021}}{{more footnotes|date=January 2021}}}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television season
| image = Coke Studio @ MTV.png
| network = {{ubl|[[MTV India]]|[[YouTube]]}}
| bgcolour = #B11030
| starring = [[#Artists|Vocalists]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2011|6|17}}
| num_episodes = 10
| last_aired = {{end date|2011|8|19}}
| season_number = 1
| episode_list = List of Coke Studio (Indian TV program) episodes
}}
The '''first''' season of the Indian music television series, ''Coke Studio @ MTV'', ran from June 17, 2011, to August 19, 2011. The season featured nine regular episodes, culminating in a special "Best of Coke Studio @ MTV Season 1" episode.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neha Sharma |date=13 April 2011 |title=Coke Studio Comes to India |work=Rolling Stone India |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/coke-studio-comes-to-india/ |access-date=9 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="S1">{{cite web|title=Season 1 On Air Schedule|url=http://www.cokestudioindia.com/season2/schedule.html?WT.cl=1&WT.mn=Schedule|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926140000/http://www.cokestudioindia.com/season2/schedule.html?WT.cl=1&WT.mn=Schedule|archive-date=26 September 2013|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Supriya Nair |date=27 May 2011 |title=Studio Effects |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/838VqYpDbxrjww3pJhUzuI/Studio-effects.html |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref>

== Origins & Format ==
Coke Studio's journey began in [[Brazil]] in 2007. It started as a music project that brought together different Brazilian artists and blended their unique styles.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sandeep Goyal |date=17 February 2023 |title=Will a new, improved Coke Studio succeed? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/will-a-new-improved-coke-studio-succeed-123021701256_1.html |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> The concept arrived in [[Pakistan]] in 2008 through a collaboration between Nadeem Zaman, [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola's]] Marketing Head, joined forces with [[Rohail Hyatt]], a former member of the band [[Vital Signs (band)|Vital Signs]]. Together, they launched the Pakistani version of the show.<ref>{{cite news |author=Sanjay Monie |date=17 June 2011 |title=Coke Studio Brings People Together |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/recliner/coke-studio-brings-people-together/26072/1?id=26072&pg=1 |access-date=21 July 2017 |work=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref><ref name="cokestabout">{{cite web |last=Moye |first=Jay |date=2013-11-01 |title=Coke Studio Bridges Barriers in Pakistan, India the Middle East and Africa |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/coke-studio-brings-people-together/26072/1 |access-date=2015-12-23 |publisher=}}</ref> The first season premiered in June 2008. Initially featuring a live audience, the show later transitioned to a closed studio format, which has remained consistent throughout the series.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Karuna |date=3 February 2023 |title=How Coca-Cola has imbibed itself into pop culture with Coke Studio |url=https://www.socialsamosa.com/2023/02/coca-cola-popculture-coke-studio-strategy/ |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=Social Samosa}}</ref>

Coke Studio @ MTV stays true to the franchise's core concept by pairing established and upcoming artists for unique performances alongside a house band and additional musicians.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kanika Johri |date=17 June 2011 |title='Coke Studio is not a fresh concept' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/coke-studio-is-not-a-fresh-concept/story-0lVd9p1HQJAZ9WySVwJv8K.html |archive-date= |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The recorded performances, available on streaming platforms, showcase both the lead singers and the entire ensemble. Close-up shots during recording capture the energy and artistry of these collaborations.<ref name="jang.com.pk">{{cite news |author=Maheen Sabeeh |date=21 June 2009 |title=Coke Studio and Beyond: The wonderful world of Umber and Rohail Hyatt |url=http://jang.com.pk/thenews/jun2009-weekly/nos-21-06-2009/instep/mainissue.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213101629/http://jang.com.pk/thenews/jun2009-weekly/nos-21-06-2009/instep/mainissue.htm |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=22 July 2017 |work=[[Daily Jang]]}}</ref>

== Artists ==
The list of performers features both popular and traditional musicians hailing from various parts of India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neha Sharma |date=29 April 2011 |title=Shafqat Amanat Ali and Advaita to Feature on First Episode of Coke Studio |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/shafqat-amanat-ali-and-advaita-to-feature-on-first-episode-of-coke-studio/ |access-date=10 May 2023 |work=Rolling Stone India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 June 2011 |title=Singers, musicians to jam together at India's music project 'Coke Studio@MTV' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/glossary/story/20110613-singers-join-india-music-project-coke-studiomtv-746351-2011-06-04 |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2011 |title=KK, Shaan, Shafqat Aamant Ali, Shankar Mahadevan, Sunidhi Chauhan on Coke Studio@MTV |url=https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/49264_kk-shaan-shafqat-aamant-ali-shankar-mahadevan-sunidhi-chauhan-on-coke-studiomtv |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nikhila Pant |date=17 June 2011 |title=A musical delight by Coke Studio@MTV |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/music-events/a-musical-delight-by-coke-studiomtv/articleshow/8875475.cms |access-date=25 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Vocalists ===
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
* [[Advaita]]
* [[Akriti Kakkar]]
* [[Benny Dayal]]
* [[Bombay Jayashri]]
* Bondo
* [[Chinna Ponnu]]
* Divya Lewis
* [[Harshdeep Kaur]]
* [[KK (singer)|KK]]
* [[Kailash Kher]]
* [[Khagen Gogoi]]
* Mathangi Rajshekhar
* Mausam Gogoi
* Megha Dalton
* Mustafa Bros
* Pankhi Dutta
* [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
* [[Parthiv Gohil]]
* Raghupati Dixit
* Ramya Iyer
* [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
* [[Sabri Brothers]]
* Sanjeev Thomas
* Saurav Moni
* [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
* [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]]
* [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
* [[Shruti Pathak]]
* [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
* Suzzane D'Mello
* [[Tochi Raina]]
* [[Ustad Rashid Khan]]
* [[Wadali Brothers]]{{div col end}}

== Episodes ==
The season was helmed by producer [[Leslee Lewis]]. Each hour-long episode served as a platform for innovative artistic pairings. These pairings brought together established traditions like Carnatic and Hindustani classical music with the vibrant sounds of up-and-coming artists. The program further enriched the viewing experience by showcasing reimagined Bollywood classics alongside one-of-a-kind collaborations created specifically for the show.<ref>{{cite news |author=Campaign India Team |date=9 May 2011 |title=Coca-Cola launches Coke Studio in India, in collaboration with MTV |url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/coca-cola-launches-coke-studio-in-india-in-collaboration-with-mtv/414191 |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=CampaignIndia.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lakshmi Ajay |date=14 May 2011 |title=Fusion fete |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/fusion-fete-111051400011_1.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Business Standard}}</ref> <onlyinclude>
{{Episode table|background=#B11030|overall=|season=|title=18|aux1=|writer=|aux2=|airdate=|titleT=Song Title|aux1T=Singer(s)|writerT=Lyricist(s)|aux2T=Language(s)|episodes={{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 1}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 7
| EpisodeNumber = 1
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| Title_1 = Bichua
| Title_2 = Chadhta Suraj
| Title_3 = Hoo
| Title_4 = O Majhi Re
| Title_5 = Tip Top
| Title_6 = Vethalai
| Title_7 = Yaar Basainda
| Aux1_1 = Mousam & [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| Aux1_2 = [[KK (singer)|K.K]] & [[Sabri Brothers]]
| Aux1_3 = [[Harshdeep Kaur]]
| Aux1_4 = Saurav Moni & [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| Aux1_5 = [[Khagen Gogoi]] & [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| Aux1_6 = [[Chinnaponnu]] & [[Kailash Kher]]
| Aux1_7 = Mathangi Rajshekar & [[Tochi Raina]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Shailendra (lyricist)|Shailendra]]
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Aziz Naza|Aziz Nazan]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Sultan Bahu]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Gulzar]]
| WrittenBy_5 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]] & [[Shanta Shelke]]
| WrittenBy_6 = [[Chinnaponnu]] & [[Kailash Kher]]
| WrittenBy_7 = [[Tyagaraja|Saint Thyagaraja]] & Vinay Kochar
| Aux2_1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Urdu]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] & [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| Aux2_6 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] & [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_7 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|6|17}}<ref>{{cite news |author=Rafay Mahmood |date=21 June 2011 |title='Coke @ MTV': A good first attempt |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/193445/coke-mtv-a-good-first-attempt |access-date=3 March 2023 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peter Griffin |date=17 June 2011 |title=Coke Studio Comes to India |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/recliner/coke-studio-comes-to-india/26102/1 |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=Forbes India}}</ref>
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 2}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 5
| EpisodeNumber = 2
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| Title_1 = Allah Hi Rehem
| Title_2 = Dheere Dheere
| Title_3 = Jiya Laage Na
| Title_4 = Meherma Ve
| Title_5 = Path Kai Pore Hoi
| Aux1_1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| Aux1_2 = Megha Sriram Dalton
| Aux1_3 = [[Akriti Kakkar]] & [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| Aux1_4 = [[Akriti Kakkar]] & [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| Aux1_5 = Khagen Gogoi
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Niranjan Iyengar]]
| WrittenBy_2 = Pandit Chandrashekhar Mishra
| WrittenBy_3 = Rajesh Johri
| WrittenBy_4 = Rani Malik
| WrittenBy_5 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]]
| Aux2_1 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|6|24}}<ref>{{cite news |author=Rafay Mahmood |date=27 June 2011 |title='Coke Studio @ MTV' reverts to Bollywood music |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/197478/%e2%80%98coke-studio-mtv%e2%80%99-reverts-to-bollywood-music |access-date=14 January 2021 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>
| ShortSummary =
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 3}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 5
| EpisodeNumber = 3
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| Title_1 = Chitthiye (Henna)
| Title_2 = Jhakki Dil
| Title_3 = Kadiyan Aa Mil Jaye Yaar
| Title_4 = Maula Maula / Angel
| Title_5 = Tu Mane Ya Na Mane
| Aux1_1 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] & [[Wadali brothers]]
| Aux1_2 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Mousam, Divya & [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| Aux1_3 = [[Wadali brothers|Wadali Brothers]], Mousam Gogoi & Bondo
| Aux1_4 = Divya, Qadir, Murtuza & Rabani
| Aux1_5 = [[Wadali Brothers]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Ravindra Jain]] & [[Naqsh Lyallpuri]]
| WrittenBy_2 = Afshan Ahmed
| WrittenBy_3 = Traditional Indian
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Sarah McLachlan]]
| WrittenBy_5 = R.P. Deewana
| Aux2_1 = [[Hindi]] & [[Punjabi languages|Punjabi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Punjabi languages|Punjabi]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Urdu]] & [[English language|English]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|7|1}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 4}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 6
| EpisodeNumber = 4
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| Title_1 = Dilruba
| Title_2 = Indian Jaadu
| Title_3 = Pak Pak (Bihu Naam)
| Title_4 = Piya Ghar Aavenge
| Title_5 = Tere Naam
| Title_6 = Vethalai
| Aux1_1 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| Aux1_2 = [[Chinna Ponnu]] & Sanjeev Thomas
| Aux1_3 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| Aux1_4 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| Aux1_5 = [[Chinna Ponnu]], [[Kailash Kher]], [[Papon (Assamese singer)|Papon]], Sanjeev Thomas, [[Shruti Pathak]] & [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| Aux1_6 = [[Chinna Ponnu]] & [[Kailash Kher]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]] & [[Sanjeev T]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| WrittenBy_5 = [[Chinna Ponnu]] & Victor Mukherjee
| WrittenBy_6 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]] & [[Kailash Kher]]
| Aux2_1 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] & [[English language|English]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] & [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_6 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] & [[Hindi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|7|8}}<ref>{{cite news |author=Rafay Mahmood |date=12 July 2011 |title='Coke Studio @ MTV' moves away from Bollywood music |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/208096/%E2%80%98coke-studio-mtv%E2%80%99-moves-away-from-bollywood-music |access-date=3 March 2023 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2011 |title=I'm grateful that my music has crossed language barriers: Chinna Ponnu |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/glossary/story/20110704-mtv-coke-studio-chinna-ponnu-tamil-folk-music-746654-2011-06-24 |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 5}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 6
| EpisodeNumber = 5
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| Title_1 = Aaj Koi Jogee Aave
| Title_2 = Aao Na Gale Lagao Na
| Title_3 = Aesian Nighawan / Paluke Bangara
| Title_4 = Hey Bhagwan
| Title_5 = Katyayini
| Title_6 = Tere Bin Main
| Aux1_1 = [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]] & [[Rashid Khan (musician)|Ustad Rashid Khan]]
| Aux1_2 = Parthiv Gohil & Divya Lewis
| Aux1_3 = [[Bombay Jayashri]] & [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
| Aux1_4 = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| Aux1_5 = [[Bombay Jayashri]] & [[Ustad Rashid Khan]]
| Aux1_6 = [[Bombay Jayashri]], Divya Lewis, [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]], Parthiv Gohil [[Raghu Dixit]], [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]] & [[Ustad Rashid Khan]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]]
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Anand Raaj Anand]], [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu|Bhadrachala Ramdas]] & [[Noor Jehan]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| WrittenBy_5 = A verse from [[Bhishma Parva]]
| WrittenBy_6 = Pinky Poonawala
| Aux2_1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] & [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_6 = [[Hindi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2013|7|15}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 6}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 6
| EpisodeNumber = 6
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| Title_1 = Aay Hori He
| Title_2 = Akhiyan
| Title_3 = Ghir Ghir
| Title_4 = Kya Haal Sunawan
| Title_5 = O Aaj Kehne Bhi Na Diya
| Title_6 = Tere Bin Dil Laage Na
| Aux1_1 = Pankhi Dutta & [[Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan]]
| Aux1_2 = [[Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan]]
| Aux1_3 = [[Advaita (band)|Advaita]]
| Aux1_4 = [[Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan]] & [[Shruti Pathak]]
| Aux1_5 = Pankhi Dutta
| Aux1_6 = [[Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan]], Advaita, Pankhi Dutta & [[Shruti Pathak]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]] & [[Shah Hussain]]
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Fuzön]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Advaita (band)|Advaita]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Shafqat Amanat Ali Khan]]
| WrittenBy_5 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]]
| WrittenBy_6 = Manoj Yadav
| Aux2_1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] & [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Urdu]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Urdu]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| Aux2_6 = [[Urdu]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|7|22}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 7}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 5
| EpisodeNumber = 7
| EpisodeNumber2 = 7
| Title_1 = Aaj Jaane Ki Zidd
| Title_2 = Humein To Loot Liya
| Title_3 = Khilte Hain Gul
| Title_4 = Tu Aashiqui Hai
| Title_5 = Tu Hai Yahaan
| Aux1_1 = Ramya Iyer & Rupmatii Jolly
| Aux1_2 = [[Sabri Brothers]]
| Aux1_3 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], Mathangi Rajshekhar & Sanjay Vidyarthi
| Aux1_4 = [[KK (singer)|KK]]
| Aux1_5 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Sabri Brothers]], Mathangi Rajshekhar, Sanjay Vidyarthi & [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Fayyaz Hashmi]]
| WrittenBy_2 = Shevan Rizvi
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Neeraj Shridhar]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| WrittenBy_5 = Prashant Ingole
| Aux2_1 = [[Urdu]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Urdu]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Hindi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|7|29}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 8}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 4
| EpisodeNumber = 8
| EpisodeNumber2 = 8
| Title_1 = Jab Se Tere Naina
| Title_2 = Heiyo Re Heiyo
| Title_3 = Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho
| Title_4 = Sumbaran Mandal
| Aux1_1 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| Aux1_2 = Saurav Mandal
| Aux1_3 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] & [[Harshdeep Kaur]]
| Aux1_4 = Nandesh Umap
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Bhatiali]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Indian folk music|Indian Folk]]
| Aux2_1 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Urdu]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|8|5}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 9}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 6
| EpisodeNumber = 9
| EpisodeNumber2 = 9
| Title_1 = Aaja Sapne Saja Ja
| Title_2 = Coke Studio @ MTV Theme music
| Title_3 = Kanchi Re
| Title_4 = Rama Rama Krishna Krishna
| Title_5 = Sunder Balma
| Title_6 = Udhe Udhe
| Aux1_1 = [[Kavita Seth]] & [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| Aux1_2 = [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| Aux1_3 = [[Benny Dayal]] & [[Suzanne D'Mello]]
| Aux1_4 = [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]] & Others
| Aux1_5 = [[Colonial Cousins]] & Yachna
| Aux1_6 = Nandesh Umap
| WrittenBy_1 = Rajesh Johri & Bharat Bhushan Pant
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Anand Bakshi]]
| WrittenBy_4 = Rajesh Johri
| WrittenBy_5 = [[Lesle Lewis (composer)|Lesle Lewis]]
| WrittenBy_6 = [[Vitthal Umap]]
| Aux2_1 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Instrumental]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Hindi]] & [[English language|English]]
| Aux2_6 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|8|12}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}

{{Episode table/part|c=#B11030|subtitle=Episode 10: Best of Coke Studio @ MTV season 1}}
{{Episode list/sublist|Coke Studio @ MTV season 1
| NumParts = 6
| EpisodeNumber = 10
| EpisodeNumber2 = 10
| Title_1 = Aesian Nighawan / Paluke Bangara
| Title_2 = Allah Hi Rehem
| Title_3 = Bihu Naam (Pak Pak)
| Title_4 = Hey Bhagwan
| Title_5 = Ghir Ghir
| Title_6 = Tu Mane Ya Na Mane
| Aux1_1 = [[Bombay Jayashri]] & [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]]
| Aux1_2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| Aux1_3 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| Aux1_4 = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| Aux1_5 = [[Advaita (band)|Advaita]]
| Aux1_6 = [[Wadali Brothers]]
| WrittenBy_1 = [[Anand Raaj Anand]], [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu|Bhadrachala Ramdas]] & [[Noor Jehan]]
| WrittenBy_2 = [[Niranjan Iyengar]]
| WrittenBy_3 = [[Music of India|Traditional Indian]]
| WrittenBy_4 = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| WrittenBy_5 = [[Advaita (band)|Advaita]]
| WrittenBy_6 = R.P. Deewana
| Aux2_1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] & [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| Aux2_2 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_3 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| Aux2_4 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_5 = [[Hindi]]
| Aux2_6 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2011|8|19}}
| LineColor = #B11030
}}}}
</onlyinclude>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{YouTube|channel=UCXuO_AmrcE16fDoNiq9JZZg|title=Coke Studio @ MTV season 1}}
* {{IMDb episodes|5915502|season=1}}

{{Coke Studio (Indian series)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coke Studio MTV season 1}}
[[Category:Coke Studio @ MTV]]
[[Category:Coke Studio (Indian TV program)]]
[[Category:2011 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:MTV (Indian TV channel) original programming]]

List of Kannada films of 1994

2026-01-07T04:25:58Z

Notthetag: fixed issues

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Sandalwood film list}}

== Top-grossing films ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Rank
!Title
!Collection
!Ref.
|-
|1.
|''[[Odahuttidavaru]]''
|₹5 crore (₹36.3 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|2.
|''[[Mandyada Gandu]]''
|₹4.5 crore (₹32.67crore in 2025)
|
|-
|3.
|''[[Rasika (film)|Rasika]]''
|₹4 crore (₹29.04 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|4.
|''[[Gandugali]]''
|₹3 crore (₹21.78 crore in 2025)
|
|-
|5.
|''[[Halunda Tavaru|Haalunda Thavaru]]''
|₹2 crore (₹14.52 crore in 2025)
|
|}

== List ==
The following is a list of films produced in the [[Kannada cinema|Kannada film]] industry in [[India]] in [[1994 in film|1994]], presented in alphabetical order.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chiloka.com/kannada/movies/1994 | title=Top 1994 Kannada Movies List }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title
!Title in Kannada
! Director
! Cast
! Music
|-
| ''[[Adhipathi (1994 film)|Adhipathi]]''
|ಅಧಿಪತಿ|| [[Om Prakash Rao]] || [[Devaraj]], [[Rockline Venkatesh]], [[Prakash Rai]], Girija, [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] || [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| ''Alexander''
|ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್|| Srinivasa Reddy || [[Shashikumar]], Sindhuja, [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] || [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| ''Anuraga Geethe''
|ಅನುರಾಗ ಗೀತೆ|| [[G. V. Iyer]] || G. V. Raghavendra, [[Sridhar (Kannada actor)|Sridhar]], [[Kalyan Kumar]], [[Vajramuni]], Kumari Panchami, [[Hema Chaudhary]] || [[Upendra Kumar]]
|-
| ''Apoorva Samsara''
|ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಸಂಸಾರ|| [[B. Ramamurthy]] || Harshavardhan, [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Vanitha Vasu]], [[Doddanna]] || [[Upendra Kumar]]
|-
| ''Appa Nanjappa Maga Gunjappa''
|ಅಪ್ಪ ನಂಜಪ್ಪ ಮಗ ಗುಂಜಪ್ಪ|| Shivaram Gangatgar || [[Tennis Krishna]], [[Anjali Sudhakar]], [[Abhinaya (Kannada actress)|Abhinaya]], [[M. S. Umesh]], [[Vijanath Biradar]] || R. Damodar
|-
| ''Beda Krishna Ranginata''
|ಬೇಡ ಕೃಷ್ಣ ರಂಗಿನಾಟ|| Rajkishore || [[Jaggesh]], Sindhuja, Payal Malhotra, [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''[[Bhairava (1994 film)|Bhairava]]''
|ಭೈರವ|| Rajkishore || [[Jaggesh]], Nandini Singh, [[Vajramuni]], [[Doddanna]] || [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
| ''Bhootayi Makkalu''
|ಭೂತಾಯಿ ಮಕ್ಕಳು|| [[Siddalingaiah]] || [[Shashikumar]], [[Abhijeeth]], Madhuri, Dhanuja, Aravind || [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
|-
| ''Bhuvaneshwari''
|ಭುವನೇಶ್ವರಿ|| [[Rama Narayanan]] || [[Shamili|Baby Shamili]], [[Abhijeeth]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] || C Ganesh
|-
| ''Chamathkara''
|ಚಮತ್ಕಾರ|| [[Suresh Heblikar]] || [[Suresh Heblikar]], Chinmayi, [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Vanitha Vasu]] || Manoranjan Prabhakar
|-
| '' [[Chinna (1994 film)|Chinna]]''
|ಚಿನ್ನ|| [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Yamuna (actress)|Yamuna]], [[Puneet Issar]], [[Silk Smitha]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Chinna Nee Naguthiru''
|ಚಿನ್ನನೀ ನಗುತಿರು|| T. Chikkanna || [[Abhijeeth]], [[Shamili|Baby Shamili]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Tennis Krishna]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Curfew''
|ಕರ್ಫ್ಯೂ || H. S. Rajashekar || [[Devaraj]], [[Sudharani]], [[B. C. Patil]], [[Doddanna]] || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''[[Galige]]''
|ಗಳಿಗೆ || [[M. S. Sathyu]] || Shailaja, Amit Rai, Dandup Sengpo || [[Mysore Ananthaswamy]]
|-
| ''[[Gandhada Gudi Part 2]]''
|ಗಂಧದ ಗುಡಿ ಭಾಗ ೨|| [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Rajashree (actress)|Rajeshwari]], Bharathi, [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Charan Raj]], [[Tiger Prabhakar]] || [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
|-
| ''[[Gandugali]]''
|ಗಂಡುಗಲಿ|| Balaji Singh Babu || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Nirosha]], Pournami, Ravi Kiran || [[Sadhu Kokila]]
|-
| ''Gangavva Gangamayi''
|ಗಂಗವ್ವ ಗಂಗಾಮಯಿ|| Vasanth Mokashi || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Sulabha Deshpande]], [[Jayamala]], [[B. V. Radha]] || [[Vijaya Bhaskar]]
|-
| ''Gold Medal''
|ಗೋಲ್ಡ್ ಮೆಡಲ್|| [[Om Sai Prakash]] || [[Devaraj]], [[Ambareesh]], [[Thriller Manju]], [[Sudharani]], [[Vanitha Vasu]], Shilpasri || [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| ''Gopi Kalyana''
|ಗೋಪಿ ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ|| [[B. Ramamurthy]] || [[Tiger Prabhakar]], Dombara Krishna Suresh, [[Anjana (actress)|Anjana]], Chaithra, [[Doddanna]], [[Anjali Sudhakar]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Halunda Tavaru]]''
|ಹಾಲುಂಡ ತವರು|| [[D. Rajendra Babu]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]], [[Pandari Bai]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]], [[Pramila Joshai]], [[Sanketh Kashi]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Hantaka''
|ಹಂತಕ|| K. V. Prasad || [[Ramesh Aravind]], Panchami, [[Sathyajith (Kannada actor)|Sathyajith]], [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Hetta Karulu''
|ಹೆತ್ತ ಕರುಳು|| [[Om Sai Prakash]] || [[Devaraj]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Rajesh (Kannada actor)|Rajesh]] || [[Upendra Kumar]]
|-
| ''Hongirana''
|ಹೊಂಗಿರಣ|| K. P. Bhavani Shankar || [[Raghuveer (actor)|Raghuveer]], Keerthana, Bharath Raj, [[Vajramuni]]|| [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Indian''
|ಇಂಡಿಯನ್|| N. K. Keerthiraj || [[Devaraj]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]], [[K. S. Ashwath]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]] || [[Madan Patel|Madan Mallu]]
|-
| ''Indrana Gedda Narendra''
|ಇಂದ್ರನ ಗೆದ್ದ ನರೇಂದ್ರ|| [[Om Sai Prakash]] || [[Jaggesh]], Srishanthi, [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], [[Jai Jagadish]], Sindhuja || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''[[Jaana (film)|Jaana]]''
|ಜಾಣ|| Shivamani || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Anjana (actress)|Anjana]], [[B. C. Patil]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Karulina Koogu]]''
|ಕರುಳಿನ ಕೂಗು|| [[D. Rajendra Babu]] || [[Tiger Prabhakar]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], [[Umashree]], [[Doddanna]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Kaveri Theeradalli''
|ಕಾವೇರಿ ತೀರದಲ್ಲಿ|| [[S. Narayan]] || [[Raghuveer (actor)|Raghuveer]], Usha, Sangeetha, [[K. S. Ashwath]] || [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| ''Keralida Sarpa''
|ಕೆರಳಿದ ಸರ್ಪ|| H. N. Shankar || [[Kumar Bangarappa]], [[Yamuna (actress)|Yamuna]], [[Ramesh Bhat]] || [[S. P. Venkitesh|Sangeetha Raja]]
|-
| ''[[Kiladigalu]]''
|ಕಿಲಾಡಿಗಳು|| [[Dwarakish]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Dwarakish]], [[Suvarna Mathew|Swarna]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] || [[Raj–Koti]]
|-
| ''[[Kotreshi Kanasu]]''
|ಕೊಟ್ರೇಶಿ ಕನಸು|| [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekar]] || [[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Karibasavaiah]], [[Umashri]] || [[C. Ashwath]]
|-
| ''[[Kunthi Puthra]]''
|ಕುಂತಿ ಪುತ್ರ|| [[Vijay (director)|Vijay]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Shashikumar]], Sonakshi || [[Vijay Anand (composer)|Vijay Anand]]
|-
| ''[[Lockup Death]]''
|ಲಾಕ್ಅಪ್ ಡೆತ್|| [[Om Prakash Rao]]|| [[Devaraj]], [[Nirosha]], [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Prakash Rai]], [[Vajramuni]], [[Silk Smitha]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Looti Gang''
|ಲೂಟಿ ಗ್ಯಾಂಗ್|| [[B. Ramamurthy]] || [[Devaraj]], [[Anjana (actress)|Anjana]], [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]], [[Komal Kumar]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Love 94''
|ಲವ್ ೯೪|| G. K. Mudduraj || Abhishek, [[Sanghavi]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''[[Mahakshathriya]]''
|ಮಹಾಕ್ಷತ್ರಿಯ|| [[Rajendra Singh Babu]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Sonu Walia]], [[Sudharani]], [[Ramkumar]], Shankar Ashwath || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Mahashakti Maye''
|ಮಹಾಶಕ್ತಿ ಮಾಯೆ|| Om Shakti Jagadishan || [[Kalyan Kumar]], [[B. Saroja Devi]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], [[Lokesh]] || Hemanth Kumar
|-
| ''Makkala Sakshi''
|ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ|| [[Kishore Sarja]] || [[Shamili|Baby Shamili]], [[Master Anand]], [[Puneet Issar]], [[Srinivasa Murthy]], [[Silk Smitha]], [[Dolly Minhas|Dolly]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Mandyada Gandu]]''
|ಮಂಡ್ಯದ ಗಂಡು|| [[A. T. Raghu]] || [[Ambareesh]], Sreeshanti, Meghana, [[Vajramuni]]|| [[Upendra Kumar]]
|-
| ''[[Megha Maale]]''
|ಮೇಘ ಮಾಲೆ|| [[S. Narayan]] || Sunaad Raj, [[Easwari Rao|Vijayashree]], [[S. Narayan]], [[M. P. Shankar]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Mr. Mahesh Kumar''
|ಮಿಸ್ಟರ್ ಮಹೇಶ್ ಕುಮಾರ್|| [[Tiger Prabhakar]] || [[Tiger Prabhakar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Dolly Minhas|Dolly]], [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Murder (1994 film)|Murder]]''
|ಮರ್ಡರ್|| Mandya Nagraj || [[Suresh Heblikar]], [[Anjali Sudhakar]], [[Prakash Rai]], Nagesh Kashyap || Guna Singh
|-
| ''Musuku''
|ಮುಸುಕು || [[P. H. Vishwanath]] || [[Ambareesh]], [[Dolly Minhas|Dolly]], [[Ramesh Aravind]], [[K. S. Ashwath]], [[Vajramuni]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Mutthanna]]''
|ಮುತ್ತಣ್ಣ|| [[M. S. Rajashekar]] || [[Shivarajkumar]], [[Shashikumar]], Supriya, Bhavyasree Rai, [[Doddanna]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Nyayakkagi Saval''
|ನ್ಯಾಯಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಸವಾಲ್|| Beema Nagaraj || [[Devaraj]], [[Raghuveer (actor)|Raghuveer]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] || Manoranjan Prabhakar
|-
| ''[[Odahuttidavaru]]''
|ಒಡಹುಟ್ಟಿದವರು || [[Dorai-Bhagavan]] || [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]], [[Ambareesh]], [[Madhavi (actress)|Madhavi]], Sreeshanti, [[Umashree]], [[Vajramuni]] || [[Upendra Kumar]]
|-
| ''Prema Simhasana''
|ಪ್ರೇಮ ಸಿಂಹಾಸನ|| S. V. Prasad || [[Jaggesh]], Raagini, Shivaranjini, [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Rashmi''
|ರಶ್ಮಿ|| K. V. Jayaram || [[Abhijeeth]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Sindhu Menon]] || Agasthya
|-
| ''[[Rasika (film)|Rasika]]''
|ರಸಿಕ|| [[Dwarakish]] || [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Dwarakish]], [[Rockline Venkatesh]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], [[Puneet Issar]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Rayara Maga''
|ರಾಯರ ಮಗ|| G. K. Mudduraj || [[Jaggesh]], [[Sanghavi]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''Sagara Deepa''
|ಸಾಗರ ದೀಪ|| [[T. S. Nagabharana]] || [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]], Supriya, Sribharathi, [[Vajramuni]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] || [[Upendra Kumar]]
|-
| ''[[Sammilana]]''
|ಸಮ್ಮಿಲನ|| [[H. R. Bhargava]] || [[Shashikumar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[K. S. Ashwath]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''[[Samrat (1994 film)|Samrat]]''
|ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ || [[Naganna]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], Soumya Kulkarni, [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Vajramuni]], [[Puneet Issar]] || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Sididedda Pandavaru''
|ಸಿಡಿದೆದ್ದ ಪಾಂಡವರು|| [[Om Sai Prakash]] || [[Shashikumar]], [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]], Vivek, Siddharth, Balaji || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Sididedda Shiva''
|ಸಿಡಿದೆದ್ದ ಶಿವ|| K. Suresh Reddy || [[Thiagarajan]], Poornima, [[Ramesh Bhat]], [[Anjali Sudhakar]], Prathap || [[V. Manohar]]
|-
| ''[[Swathi (1994 film)|Swathi]]''
|ಸ್ವಾತಿ|| Shivamani|| [[Shashikumar]], [[Sudharani]], [[Vajramuni]], [[Umashree]] || [[M. M. Keeravani]]
|-
| ''Thanike''
|ತನಿಖೆ|| Niranjan || Gulzar Khan, Sujatha, [[Disco Shanti]] || R. Damodar
|-
| ''Thooguve Krishnana''
|ತೂಗುವೆ ಕೃಷ್ಣನ|| Vasantha Kunigal || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Soundarya]], [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]], [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]] || Manoranjan Prabhakar
|-
| ''[[Time Bomb (1994 film)|Time Bomb]]''
|ಟೈಮ್ ಬಾಂಬ್ || [[Joe Simon (director)|Joe Simon]] || [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Tiger Prabhakar]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]], [[Puneet Issar]], [[Devaraj]], Soumya Kulkarni || [[Hamsalekha]]
|-
| ''Vijaya Kankana''
|ವಿಜಯ ಕಂಕಣ|| Shankarlinga Gowda || [[Ambareesh]], [[Devaraj]], [[Sudharani]], [[Shruti (actress)|Shruti]] || Amara Priya
|-
| ''[[Yarigu Helbedi]]''
|ಯಾರಿಗೂ ಹೇಳ್ಬೇಡಿ|| [[Kodlu Ramakrishna]] || [[Ananth Nag]], [[Vinaya Prasad]], [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]], [[Vanitha Vasu]], [[Lokesh]] || [[Rajan–Nagendra]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.bharatmovies.com/kannada/info/moviepages.htm
* http://www.kannadastore.com/

== See also ==

* [[Kannada films of 1993]]
* [[Kannada films of 1995]]

{{Cinema of Karnataka}}
{{1994 films}}
{{Indian film list|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannada Films Of 1994}}
[[Category:Lists of Kannada films by year|1994]]
[[Category:Lists of 1994 films by language]]
[[Category:1994 in Indian cinema]]

Sohaila Kapur

2025-12-31T07:38:14Z

Notthetag: Done

{{short description|Indian actress and playwright}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sohaila Kapur
| image = Sohaila_Kapur_image.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|playwright|theatre director|journalist|television personality}}
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| years_active = 1980–present
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Anirudh Limaye||end=divorced}}|{{marriage|Anil Charnalia||1999|end=died;}}}}
| relatives = [[Dev Anand]] (uncle)
[[Shekhar Kapur]] (brother)
| family = See [[List of Hindi film families#Anand-Sahni family|Anand-Sahni family]]
}}
'''Sohaila Kapur''' is an Indian actress, journalist, television personality, theatre director and playwright.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-touch-of-irony/article25203060.ece |title=Sohaila Kapur's 'Albeli Naar': A touch of irony |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 October 2018 |last1=Bajeli |first1=Diwan Singh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sushmita-sen-reunites-sohaila-kapur-aarya-2-latter-shares-picture-sets/ |title=Sushmita Sen reunites with Sohaila Kapur for Aarya 2; latter shares picture from the sets |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=10 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/theatre/i-hope-to-return-to-kolkata-soon-sohaila-kapur/articleshow/50794912.cms |title=I hope to return to Kolkata soon: Sohaila Kapur |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sohaila was born in a [[Punjabi Hindu]] family to Kulbhushan Kapur and Sheel Kanta Kapur.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=5636333 |title=Sohaila Kapur |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> Her father was the [[physician]] to [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], former [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/fair-play-sohaila-kapur-on-the-taming-of-the-shrew-meetoo-5396360/ |title=Fair Play |author=Dipanita Nath |website=The Indian Express |date=11 October 2018}}</ref>

The niece of famous Indian actor [[Dev Anand]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dev-anands-niece-sohaila-kapur-to-make-a-bollywood-comeback-with-phantom/ |title=Dev Anand's niece Sohaila Kapur to make a Bollywood comeback with Kabir Khan's Phantom |website=The Indian Express |author=Bollywoodhungama.com |date=27 July 2015 |access-date=15 June 2018}}</ref> Her mother, Sheel Kanta Kapur was the sister of [[Chetan Anand (director)|Chetan]], [[Dev Anand|Dev]] and [[Vijay Anand (Hindi film maker)|Vijay Anand]]. She is the third and the youngest sister of Indian filmmaker [[Shekhar Kapur]].<ref name=":19">{{cite web |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/2021/12/24/musical-by-shekhar-kapur-and-a-r-rahman-to-premiere-at-expo-2020-dubai/ |website=The National News |title=Musical by Shekhar Kapur and A.R. Rahman to premiere at EXPO 2020 Dubai |quote=The show will include seven original compositions by Rahman, two of which were launched on December 22 during his concert at Expo 2020. Lyrics have been written by Sohaila Kapur, Dana Dajani and Shivang, with Artists in Motion leading the production. |access-date=14 January 2022 |date=24 December 2021}}</ref>

She graduated from [[Delhi University]].

==Career==
After working with [[Times of India]] for like ten years as a journalist.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-SOHAILA-KAPUR.cms |title=Sohaila Kapur- Times of India Reporter |website=The Times of India}}</ref> She then devoted herself to free lance writing. She has written over hundred articles for magazines and newspapers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/author/Guest-Blogger:-Sohaila-Kapur |title=Guest Blogger Sohaila Kapur |website=Broadway World}}</ref> In 1983, she also authored a book on Indian esoteric rites, called Witchcraft in Western India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ppf4gpdz |title=Sohaila Kapur's book titled Witchcraft in Western India |website=WellcomeCollection}}</ref>

She has also anchored shows for channels like [[Doordarshan]] and [[Omni Television]]. She is also engaged as an anchor-journalist for [[Lok Sabha TV]].

As a playwright, she had written several plays. In 2002, she directed her first play a musical called Yeh Hai Mumbai Meri Jaan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/ham-and-cheese-y/articleshow/16037306.cms |title=Ham & Cheese |date=23 July 2010 |author=Kunal Guha}}</ref> It was premiered at the [[Traverse Theatre]] at [[Edinburgh]].

She also directed the play titled Rumi: Unveil the Sun, which got critical and popular acclaim. The play was nominated as one of the best plays produced in the country and best play director at the Mahindra Excellence in Theatre Awards in 2008 at [[New Delhi]].

She has also played a role in Banegi Apni Baat telecasted on Doordarshan in the 90s.

==Personal life==
Sohaila first married Anirudh Limaye, but the marriage ended in divorce.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} Then she married [[Ontario]] based [[Chartered Accountant]] Anil Charnalia.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}

On 23 October 1999, her husband Anil Charnalia died during an airplane flight from a massive [[heart attack]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/airline-faces-suit-after-man-found-dead-in-washroom/article1020913/ |title=Airplane faces suit after man found dead in washroom |date=21 January 2002 |access-date=14 January 2021 |author=Kirk Makin |website=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> A big lawsuit was filed against the airlines due to negligence.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/193491814/ |website=Indian Kanoon |title=Jayant Charnalia vs The State}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffc8PgAACAAJ |title=Witchcraft in Western India |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan|Orient Longman]] |year=1983 |isbn=0861314026}}

==Acting credits==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Year !!Title !!Role !! Notes
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Rukmavati Ki Haveli]]''
|
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Cooking with Stella]]''
| Aunty Kamla
| Canadian film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]''
| Ameena Bai
|
|-
| 2016
| ''Dev Bhoomi''
| Maya
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2018
| ''[[Daas Dev]]''
| Sushila Devi
|
|-
| ''Circus''
| House Owner
| Short film
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Satellite Shankar]]''
| Shankar's mother
|
|-
| rowspan=1|2020
| ''[[Dolly Kitty Aur Woh Chamakte Sitare]]''
| Damyanti Rai
|
|-
| rowspan=3|2021
| ''Bawri Chhori''
| Nani
|
|-
| ''[[Silence... Can You Hear It?]]''
| Mrs. Chaudhary
| [[Zee5]] film
|-
| ''[[Tadap (2021 film)|Tadap]]''
| Cafe Lady
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
| ''[[Chote Nawab]]''
| Sakeena Bai
|
|-
|''[[Bengal 1947]]''
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Year !!Title !!Role !! Notes
|-
| 1989
|''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]''
| Roshan Ara, Janki Devi, Nafisa, Madanika
| Played various roles
|-
| 2019–2021
| ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''
| School principal
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Special OPS]]''
| Sujata Thapar
|
|-
| 2020–2022
| ''[[Bhaukaal (web series)|Bhaukaal]]''
|Mausi
|
|-
| 2020–2024
| ''[[Aarya (TV series)|Aarya]]''
| Rajeshwari Rathore
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm3557356}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapur, Sohaila}}
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Hindi dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Anand–Sahni family]]

Pangong Tso

2025-12-26T15:10:41Z

Notthetag: minor rework information for consistency and fixed typos

{{Short description|Soda lake located in India and Tibet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Pangong Tso
| image = ISS054-E-7809 - View of Earth (cropped).jpg
| caption = A view of Pangong Tso from space
| alt = Pangong Tso from space
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Leh district]] ([[Ladakh]], India), [[Rutog County]] ([[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], China)
| coords = {{coord|33|43|04.59|N|78|53|48.48|E|type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Soda lake]] [[dimictic lake]] (east basin)<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = M. | last2 = Hou | first2 = J. | last3 = Lei | first3 = Y. | year = 2014 | title = Classification of Tibetan lakes based on variations in seasonal lake water temperature | url = | journal = Chinese Science Bulletin | volume = 59 | issue = 34| pages = 4847–4855 | doi = 10.1007/s11434-014-0588-8 | bibcode = 2014ChSBu..59.4847W }}</ref> cold monomictic lake (west basin){{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
| inflow =
| outflow =
| catchment =
| basin_countries = China, India
| length = {{convert|134|km|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|5|km|abbr=on}}
| area = approx. {{convert|700|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth =
| max-depth = 330 ft. (100 m)
| volume =
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation = {{convert|4225|m}}{{sfnp|Dortch et al., Catastrophic partial drainage of Pangong Tso|2011|p=111}}
| islands =
| cities =
| frozen = during winter
| pushpin_map = China Tibet Ngari#India Ladakh
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Pangong Lake
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Pangong Lake
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Pangong Tso
|s=班公错
|t=班公錯
|p=Bāngōng cuò
|w=Pan-kung ts'o




|tib = སྤང་གོང་མཚོ
|wylie = spang gong mtsho
|thdl = pangongtso
|zwpy = Banggong Co
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title=Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo
|s=錯木昂拉仁波
|t=錯木昂拉仁波
|p=Cuòmù ánglā rénbō



|tib = མཚོ་མོ་ངང་ལྷ་རིང་པོ
|wylie = mtsho mo ngang lha ring po
|thdl = tsomo nganglha ringpo
|zwpy = Como Nganglharingbo
}}
'''Pangong Tso''' or '''Pangong Lake''' ({{bo|t=སྤང་གོང་མཚོ}};<ref name="eki">{{Cite web |title=Ngari prefecture |publisher=Institute of the Estonian Language |date=2018-06-03 |access-date=9 January 2020 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/valik/cn54ng.htm |work=Geographical names of Tibet AR (China) |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110214226/https://www.eki.ee/knab/valik/cn54ng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> {{lang-zh|s=班公错|p=Bān gōng cuò}}; {{langx|hi|text=पैंगोंग झील|translit=Paiṅgoṅg jhīl|translit-std=iso}}) is an [[endorheic]] [[lake]] spanning eastern [[Ladakh]] and [[Ngari Prefecture|West Tibet]] situated at an elevation of {{convert|4225|m|abbr=on}}. It is {{convert|134|km|abbr=on}} long. Approximately 50% of the length of the overall lake lies within Tibet administered by China, 40% in Indian-administered Ladakh; the remaining 10% is disputed and is a de facto buffer zone between India and China. The lake is {{convert|5|km|abbr=on}} wide at its broadest point. All together it covers almost 700 km2. During winter the lake freezes completely, despite being [[saline water]]. It has a land-locked basin separated from the [[Indus River]] basin by a small elevated ridge, but is believed to have been part of the Indus basin in prehistoric times.<ref>
{{cite news |title=River basins with Major and medium dams & barrages location map in India, WRIS |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpapp.html?show=JI00410/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025619/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpapp.html?show=JI00410%2F |archive-date=4 March 2016 |type=Adobe Flash Player version 10.0.0 or greater}}
</ref>

== Names ==
Historically, the lake is viewed as being made up five sublakes, which are connected through narrow water channels. The name ''Pangong Tso'' only applied to the westernmost lake that is mostly in Ladakh. The main lake on the Tibetan side is called '''Tso Nyak''' (the "middle lake"). It is followed by two small lakes called '''Rum Tso'''. The last lake near Rutog is called '''Nyak Tso''' again.<ref name="HedinDahlgren1907">
{{cite book |first=Sven Anders |last=Hedin |title=Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899-1902: Central and West Tibet |year=1907 |publisher=Lithographic institute of the General staff of the Swedish army |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4sM_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA521 |page=521 |quote=From Noh to Bal Rawling followed the same route that I did along the northern shore of the Tso-ngombo, which he calls the Tso Mo Gualari, dividing it into the sections: Tso Nyak, the twin lakes Rum Tso and Nyak Tso. He says that it consists of a string of five lakes 120 m. in length, the four most southern of which are fresh, and Pangong, the most northerly, salt. They are joined together by channels about 60 feet in width and 15 feet deep, the current running at nearly 1½ mile an hour.}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite book |first=M. H. |last=Saward |title=Routes in Asia: Routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jummoo and Kashmir, and adjacent countries |year=1878 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |pages=31–33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chlg4U-SaQ4C&pg=PA31 |quote=Only the lower lake (the Pangong Tso proper) lies in Ladak, the middle (Tso Nyak) and upper lakes being in Rudok territory. ... The waters of the western end are much more salt than those of the eastern end near Ot. in the stream connecting the Pangong Tso with Nyak Tso the water becomes drinkable, and rich grass is found on the banks.}}
</ref> The whole lake group was and is still often referred to as '''Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo''' ({{bo|t=མཚོ་མོ་ངང་ལྷ་རིང་པོ}}<ref name="eki"/>) in Tibetan.

There are different interpretations of the meanings of both ''Pangong Tso'' and ''Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo''. The Ladakh government website says "Pangong Tso" is Tibetan, meaning "high grassland lake",<ref>
{{Cite web |title=Pangong Lake |publisher=Union Territory of Ladakh |date=2019-10-29 |access-date=9 January 2020 |url=https://ladakh.nic.in/places-centres/pangong-lake/ |quote=Pangong Lake, one of the most famous lakes in Leh Ladakh, derives its name from the Tibetan word, "Pangong Tso", which means "high grassland lake".}}
</ref> however [[Travel literature|travel books]] say Pangong means "hollow".<ref name="CoxallGreenway1996">
{{cite book |author1=Michelle Coxall |author2=Paul Greenway |title=Indian Himalaya: a Lonely Planet travel survival kit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NxMwAQAAIAAJ |date=1 September 1996 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-0-86442-413-6 |quote= The salty Pangong Tso - Pangong means 'hollow' - is the highest lake in Ladakh at about 4300m, and is flanked by massive peaks over 6500m high.}}
</ref><ref name="Rindani2016">
{{cite book |author=Kirit Rindani |title=Indian Himalaya: Story of a 100 Visits |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHZ5CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT80 |date=7 January 2016 |publisher=Partridge Publishing India |isbn=978-1-4828-5886-0 |page=80 |quote=The word Pangong means 'extensive concavity' which probably explains its size.}}
</ref> ''Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo'' is Tibetan that is interpreted to mean various different but similar meanings -- "long, narrow, enchanted lake" by Chinese media sources,<ref>{{cite news |title=Pangong Tso Lake in Tibet |work=China Daily |date=2012-07-17 |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/travel/2012-07/17/content_15589533.htm |quote=Pangong Tso Lake is a trans-border lake extending from the Ali prefecture of China's Tibet autonomous region to India. About 155 kilometers in length, the geographic features of the lake are indicated in the name which in Tibetan means "long, narrow, enchanted lake". |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124202959/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/travel/2012-07/17/content_15589533.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> "female narrow very long lake" by early European explorers,<ref name="Trotter1877">{{cite journal |last1=Trotter |first1=H. |title=Account of the Pundit's Journey in Great Tibet from Leh in Ladakh to Lhasa, and of His Return to India Via Assam |journal=Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |volume=47 |year=1877 |pages=86–136 |issn=0266-6235 |doi=10.2307/1798740 |jstor=1798740 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449388 |quote=the Pangong, but better known to the Tibetans as the Chomo Gna Laring Cho, which, being literally interpreted, means "Female narrow very long lake." |access-date=6 May 2020 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104064616/https://zenodo.org/record/1449388 |url-status=live }}</ref> and "long-necked swan lake" by other modern sources.<ref>
{{cite news |title=Pangong Tso Lake in the Northern Tibet |publisher=Kangba TV |date=2017-03-06 |url=http://en.kangbatv.com/ly/jdjs/201703/t20170306_3312250.html |quote=Pangong Tso Lake, at an altitude of 4,200 meters, is also called Tsomo Nganglha Ringpo Lake, which means "a swan with a long neck" in Tibetan. }}
</ref>

== Geography ==
{{anchor | Geo | Range }}

{{see also | Tangtse#Geography | l1= Geography of Tangtse | Spanggur_Tso#Geography | l2= Geography of Spanggur Tso | Rezang_La | l3= Geography of Rezang La | Chushul#Geography | l4= Geography of Chushul | Geography of Ladakh | Geography of Tibet }}

Pangong Tso is surrounded by three mountain ranges: [[Changchenmo Range]] to the north, [[Pangong Range]] to the west, and [[Gangdise Shan|Kailash Range]] (Gangdise Shan range) to the south.<ref name="chapk1" /><ref name="chapk3">[https://theprint.in/opinion/if-india-loses-grip-on-kailash-range-pla-will-make-sure-we-never-get-it-back/542327/?amp If India loses grip on Kailash Range, PLA will make sure we never get it back], The Print, 12 November 2020.</ref><ref name="chapk2">[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/both-china-india-ramp-up-infrastructure-on-north-bank-of-pangong-tso/article67034490.ece/ India, China ramp up infra on north bank of Pangong Tso lake], The Hindu, 3 July 2023.</ref> According to the [[Britannica]], the Changchenmo Range and Pangong Range are sometimes considered easternmost part of the [[Karakoram Range]].<ref name="chapk1">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Pangong-Range Karakoram: Pangong Range], Britannica, accessed 13 October 2023.</ref> ''Kailash Range'', runs along southern bank of the Pangong Tso, from centre of Pangong Tso at [[Lukung]] to the west to [[Phursook Bay]] and [[Mount Kailash]].<ref name=chapk3/>

== Sino-Indian border dispute ==
{{main|Sino-Indian border dispute}}

{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|33.7267|78.8394}} 
| float = right
| zoom = 10
| width = 400
| height = 240
| caption = {{center|Contested LAC near the Pangong Lake<ref name="Pangong border">{{citation |editor=India, Ministry of External Affairs |title=Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP4ruQEACAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Government of India Press }}, {{cite report |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/ORC_01-32_Part1.pdf |title=Chinese Report, Part 1 |pages=4–5 |access-date=5 July 2020 |archive-date=13 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013164954/http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/ORC_01-32_Part1.pdf |url-status=live }} 
The location and terrain features of this traditional customary boundary line are now described as follows in three sectors, western, middle and eastern. ... From Ane Pass southwards, the boundary line runs along the mountain ridge and passes through peak 6,127 (approximately 78° 46' E, 38° 50' N) [''sic''] and then southwards to the northern bank of the Pangong Lake' (approximately '''78° 49' E, 33° 44' N'''). It crosses this lake and reaches its southern bank at approximately '''78° 43' E, 33° 40' N'''. Then it goes in a south-easterly direction along the watershed dividing the Tongada River and the streams flowing into the Spanggur Lake until it reaches Mount Sajum.</ref>{{efn|The LAC displayed is that marked by the OpenStreetMap editors, said to reflect the Chinese maps.}} with "fingers" – mountain spurs jutting into the lake<ref name="Panag fingers">{{cite news |author=Lt Gen [[Harcharanjit Singh Panag|HS Panag]] (Retd) |date=4 June 2020 |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/indias-fingers-have-come-under-chinese-boots-denial-wont-help-us/435145/ |title=India's Fingers have come under Chinese boots. Denial won't help us |work=The Print |access-date=16 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604122153/https://theprint.in/opinion/indias-fingers-have-come-under-chinese-boots-denial-wont-help-us/435145/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
| nolabels = 1
| map-data =

| mark-title1 = Finger 1
| mark-coord1 = {{coord|33.7558|78.7002}}
| shape1 = n-circle
| shape-color1 = blue
| shape-outline1 = white
| mark-size1 = 16

| mark-title2 = Finger 2
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|33.7501|78.7193}}
| shape2 = n-circle
| shape-color2 = blue
| shape-outline2 = white
| mark-size2 = 16

| mark-title3 = Finger 3
| mark-coord3 = {{coord|33.7339|78.7446}}
| shape3 = n-circle
| shape-color3 = blue
| shape-outline3 = white
| mark-size3 = 16

| mark-title4 = Finger 4
| mark-coord4 = {{coord|33.7196|78.7635}}
| shape4 = n-circle
| shape-color4 = blue
| shape-outline4 = white
| mark-size4 = 16

| mark-title5 = Finger 5
| mark-coord5 = {{coord|33.721|78.7806}}
| shape5 = n-circle
| shape-color5 = blue
| shape-outline5 = white
| mark-size5 = 16

| mark-title6 = Finger 6
| mark-coord6 = {{coord|33.7255|78.7947}}
| shape6 = n-circle
| shape-color6 = blue
| shape-outline6 = white
| mark-size6 = 16

| mark-title7 = Finger 7
| mark-coord7 = {{coord|33.7358|78.8061}}
| shape7 = n-circle
| shape-color7 = blue
| shape-outline7 = white
| mark-size7 = 16

| mark-title8 = Finger 8
| mark-coord8 = {{coord|33.7398|78.8187}}
| shape8 = n-circle
| shape-color8 = blue
| shape-outline8 = white
| mark-size8 = 16

| label12 = Sirijap
| mark-title12 = Sirijap
| mark-description12 = Valley between fingers
| mark-coord12 = {{coord|33.74|78.8312}} 
| mark12 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size12 = 8
| mark-image12 =
| label-size12 = 10
| label-color12 = gray
| label-pos12 = top |label-offset-x12 = 0 |label-offset-y12 = 0
| shape12 =
| shape-color12 = hard red
| shape-outline12 = hard red

| labela11 = Chinese post
| labelb11 = at Sirijap
| mark-title11 = Chinese post at Sirijap
| mark-description11 =
| mark-coord11 = {{coord|33.74039|78.87653}}
| label-size11 = 10
| label-color11 = gray
| label-pos11 = top |label-offset-x11 = 5 |label-offset-y11 = 0
| mark11 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size11 = 4
| mark-image11 =
| shape11 =
| shape-color11 = hard red
| shape-outline11 = hard red


| label13 = Khurnak Fort
| mark-title13 = [[Khurnak Fort]]
| mark-description13 = Ruined fort that serves as a landmark; Possible Chinese post here
| mark-coord13 = {{coord|33.7666610|78.9877208}}
| label-size13 = 10
| label-color13 = gray
| label-pos13 = top |label-offset-x13 = 0 |label-offset-y13 = 0
| mark13 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size13 = 4
| mark-image13 =
| shape13 =
| shape-color13 = hard red
| shape-outline13 = hard red

| label20 = Changlung |labela20 = Lungpa
| mark-title20 = Changlung Lungpa
| mark-description20 = The Indian claim lines runs in this valley
| mark-coord20 = {{coord|33.8053|78.9769}}
| label-size20 = 10
| label-color20 = hard blue
| label-pos20 = right |label-offset-x20 = 0 |label-offset-y20 = -5
| mark20 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size20 = 0
| mark-image20 =
| shape20 =
| shape-color20 = hard red
| shape-outline20 = hard red

| labela10 = Indian
| labelb10 = post
| mark-title10 = [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police|ITBP]] post
| mark-description10 = Major [[Dhan Singh Thapa]] post
| mark-coord10 = {{coord|33.7406|78.7507}}
| label-size10 = 10
| label-color10 = gray
| label-pos10 = top |label-offset-x10 = 0 |label-offset-y10 = 0
| mark10 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size10 = 4
| mark-image10 =
| shape10 =
| shape-color10 = dark green
| shape-outline10 = dark green

| label18 = Merak
| mark-title18 = Merak
| mark-description18 =
| mark-coord18 = {{coord|33.8002441|78.5905698}}
| label-size18 = 12
| label-color18 = gray
| label-pos18 = right |label-offset-x18 = 0 |label-offset-y18 = 0
| mark18 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size18 = 4
| mark-image18 =
| shape18 =
| shape-color18 = dark green
| shape-outline18 = dark green

| label19 = Spangmik
| mark-title19 = Spangmik
| mark-description19 =
| mark-coord19 = {{coord|33.9076911|78.4573431}}
| label-size19 = 12
| label-color19 = gray
| label-pos19 = left |label-offset-x19 = 0 |label-offset-y19 = 0
| mark19 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size19 = 4
| mark-image19 =
| shape19 =
| shape-color19= dark green
| shape-outline19 = dark green

| label9 = Traditional customary |labela9 = boundary of China |labelb9 = declared 1960
| mark-title9 = Chinese border point
| mark-description9 = Declared in the ''Report of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question'', 1960
| mark-coord9 = {{coord|33|44|N|78|49|E}}
| label-size9 = 10
| label-color9 = black
| label-pos9 = bottom |label-offset-x9 = 35 |label-offset-y9 = 0
| mark-image9 =
| mark9 = Pin location context.svg
| mark-size9 = 14
| shape9 =
| shape-color9 = yellow
| shape-outline9 = yellow

| label17 = Traditional customary |labela17 = boundary of China |labelb17 = declared 1960
| mark-title17 = Chinese border point
| mark-description17 = Declared in the ''Report of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question'', 1960
| mark-coord17 = {{coord|33|40|N|78|43|E}}
| label-size17 = 10
| label-color17 = black
| label-pos17 = bottom |label-offset-x17 = 0 |label-offset-y17 = 0
| mark17 = Pin location context.svg
| mark-size17 = 14
| mark-image17 =
| shape17 =
| shape-color17 = yellow
| shape-outline17 = yellow


| label24 = Ane La |labela24 = Boundary of China |labelb24 = declared 1960
| mark-title24 = Chinese border point
| mark-description24 = Declared in the ''Report of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question'', 1960
| mark-coord24 = {{coord|33.9703158|78.7388067}}
| label-size24 = 10
| label-color24 = black
| label-pos24 = right |label-offset-x24 = 2 |label-offset-y24 = -10
| mark24 = Mountain pass 12x12 4.svg
| mark-size24 = 10
| mark-image24 =
| shape24 =
| shape-color24 = yellow
| shape-outline24 = yellow

| label25 = Traditional customary |labela25 = boundary of China |labelb25 = declared 1960
| mark-title25 = Chinese border point
| mark-description25 = Declared in the ''Report of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question'', 1960
| mark-coord25 = {{coord|33|50|N|78|46|E}}
| label-size25 = 10
| label-color25 = black
| label-pos25 = right |label-offset-x25 = 4 |label-offset-y25 = -10
| mark25 = Pin location context.svg
| mark-size25 = 14
| mark-image25 =
| shape25 =
| shape-color25 = yellow
| shape-outline25 = yellow

| label26 = Bridge
| mark-title26 = Bridge
| mark-description26 = Bridge
| mark-coord26 = {{coord|33.74829|79.02470}}
| label-size26 = 10
| label-color26 = black
| label-pos26 = bottom |label-offset-x26 = 0 |label-offset-y26 = 0
| mark26 = Pin location context.svg
| mark-size26 = 14
| mark-image26 =
| shape26 =
| shape-color26 = black
| shape-outline26 = black
}}

Pangong Tso is disputed territory. The [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) passes through the lake. A section of the lake approximately 20 km east from the LAC is controlled by China but claimed by India. To the south is the smaller [[Spanggur Tso]] lake. The eastern end of the lake is in [[Tibet]]. After the mid-19th century, Pangong Tso was at the southern end of [[Origins of the Sino-Indian border dispute#The Johnson Line|Johnson Line]], an early attempt at demarcation between India and China in the [[Aksai Chin]] region.

[[Khurnak Fort]] lies on the northern bank of the lake, about halfway up Pangong Tso. The dispute over the fort was discussed in a 1924 conference, which remained inconclusive. After the conference, the British government decided that Tibetans had a better case and not only Khurnak Fort but also Dokpo Karpo and Nyagzu were part of Tibet. In 1929, following the protests of Kashmir Durbar, they decided to drop the British claims made in behalf of Kashmir state.<ref name="t002">{{cite book | last=Lamb | first=A. | title=Tibet, China & India 1914-1950: A History of Imperial Diplomacy | publisher=Roxford Books | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-907129-03-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nm5wAAAAMAAJ | access-date=2024-08-01 | page=359}}</ref> The Chinese established their military presence in the Khurnak Fort by 1958.<ref>
{{Cite book |last=Sali |first=M. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6y2E9gw5oIC |title=India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-964-1 |page=82}}
</ref>

On 20 October 1962, Pangong Tso saw military action during the [[Sino-Indian War]], successful for the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA).<ref name="Burkitt">{{Cite book |last1=Burkitt |first1=Laurie |last2=Scobell |first2=Andrew |last3=Wortzel |first3=Larry M. |title=The Lessons of History: The Chinese People's Liberation Army at 75 |publisher=[[Strategic Studies Institute]] |pages=340–341 |date=July 2003 |isbn=1-58487-126-1 |url=http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB52.pdf |access-date=26 June 2009 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205072610/http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB52.pdf }}</ref> The area remains a sensitive border point along the LAC.<ref name="Pubby">{{cite news |author=Pubby |first=Manu |date=7 October 2008 |title=Pangong Lake is border flashpoint between India and China |newspaper=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pangong-lake-is-border-flashpoint-between-india-and-china/370135/0 |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=6 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706174711/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pangong-lake-is-border-flashpoint-between-india-and-china/370135/0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Shahin">
{{cite news |author=Shahin |first=Sultan |date=1 August 2003 |title=Vajpayee claps with one hand on border dispute |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EH01Df02.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030801213428/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EH01Df02.html |archive-date=2003-08-01 |publisher=Asia Times}}
</ref> Incursions from the Chinese side are common.<ref name="Holslag">
{{cite journal |author=Holslag |first=Jonathan |year=2008 |title=China, India and the Military Security Dilemma, Vol 3(5) |url=http://www.vub.ac.be/biccs/documents/APaper_BICCS_2008_China%20India%20Security%20Dilemma.pdf |journal=BICCS Background Papers |publisher=Brussels Institute of Contemporary China Studies (BICCS) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606004107/http://www.vub.ac.be/biccs/documents/APaper_BICCS_2008_China%20India%20Security%20Dilemma.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=2009-06-24}}
</ref>

In August 2017, Indian and Chinese forces near Pangong Tso engaged in a [[melee]] involving kicking, punching, rock throwing, and use of makeshift weapons such as sticks and rods.<ref name="hket"/><ref>{{cite news |author=Sushant Singh |title=India-China conflict in Ladakh: The importance of the Pangong Tso lake |date=20 May 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-china-conflict-in-ladakh-the-importance-of-the-pangong-tso-lake-6419377/ |access-date=21 May 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212020229/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/india-china-conflict-in-ladakh-the-importance-of-the-pangong-tso-lake-6419377/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 11 September 2019, PLA troops confronted Indian troops on the northern bank.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian, Chinese Troops Face-off in Ladakh Ahead of Modi-Xi Summit, Army Says Tension De-escalated |date=12 September 2019 |work=CNN-News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/indian-chinese-troops-face-off-in-ladakh-month-ahead-of-modi-xi-jinping-summit-2305615.html |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107231903/https://www.news18.com/news/india/indian-chinese-troops-face-off-in-ladakh-month-ahead-of-modi-xi-jinping-summit-2305615.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2054821 |trans-title=China's military exercises in Tibet frequently affect China and India's future crisis response |script-title=zh:中國在西藏地區軍演頻繁牽動中印未來危機應對 |date=10 March 2020 |language=zh-tw |editor=Chang Ya-Han {{lang |zh-tw |張雅涵}} |work=[[Radio Taiwan International]] |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=11 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311153414/https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2054821 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 5–6 May 2020, a face-off between about 250 Indian and Chinese troops near the lake resulted in casualties on both sides.<ref>{{cite news |author=Dinakar Peri |date=10 May 2020 |title=Indian, Chinese troops face off in Eastern Ladakh, Sikkim |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-chinese-troops-face-off-in-eastern-ladakh-sikkim/article31548893.ece |url-access=limited |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512053057/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-chinese-troops-face-off-in-eastern-ladakh-sikkim/article31548893.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hket">
{{cite web |script-title=zh:中印邊境再爆衝突 150士兵毆鬥釀12傷 |trans-title=Another 150 soldiers in the Sino-Indian border conflict caused 12 injuries in a fight |work=[[Hong Kong Economic Times]] |date=11 May 2020 |author={{lang |zh-hant |費風}} |language=zh-hant |url=https://china.hket.com/article/2639292/中印邊境再爆衝突%20%20150士兵毆鬥釀12傷 |quote={{lang |zh-hant |消息指，第一起事件發生於5月5日至6日，在中印邊境的班公錯湖（Pangong Tso ）地區，當時解放軍的「侵略性巡邏」（aggressive patrolling）被印度軍方阻攔。「結果發生了混亂，雙方都有一些士兵受傷。」{...}2017年8月，兩國軍隊曾於拉達克地區班公湖附近爆發衝突，當時雙方擲石攻擊對方，雙方均有人受傷，最終兩軍在半小時後退回各自據點。}}}}
</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese military bolsters troops in Aksai Chin region in Sino-India border: Report |date=19 May 2020 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/chinese-military-bolsters-troops-in-aksai-chin-region-in-sino-india-border-report/articleshow/75810930.cms |quote=On May 5, around 250 Indian and Chinese army personnel clashed in Pangong Tso lake area in Eastern Ladakh. |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=19 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519125336/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/chinese-military-bolsters-troops-in-aksai-chin-region-in-sino-india-border-report/articleshow/75810930.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Khalid |first=Saif |date=28 May 2020 |title='All-out combat' feared as India, China engage in border standoff |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/28/all-out-combat-feared-as-india-china-engage-in-border-standoff |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=5 February 2022 |archive-date=5 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205102530/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/28/all-out-combat-feared-as-india-china-engage-in-border-standoff |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29–30 August 2020, Indian troops occupied many heights on the south bank of Pangong Tso. The heights included [[Rezang La]], Reqin La, Black Top, Hanan, Helmet, [[Gurung Hill]], Gorkha Hill and Magar Hill.<ref name="Print 30 heights">{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Amrita Nayak |title=Army now holding 30 dominating heights, earlier unoccupied, on southern bank of Pangong Tso |work=ThePrint |date=3 September 2020 |url=https://theprint.in/defence/army-now-holding-30-dominating-heights-earlier-unoccupied-on-southern-bank-of-pangong-tso/495077/ |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=2 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102084611/https://theprint.in/defence/army-now-holding-30-dominating-heights-earlier-unoccupied-on-southern-bank-of-pangong-tso/495077/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of these heights are in the grey zone of the LAC and overlook Chinese camps.<ref name="Week heights">{{cite news |last=Sagar |first=Pradip R |date=2 September 2020 |title=India controls dominating heights in Chushul sector |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/09/02/india-now-controls-dominating-heights-in-chushul-sector.html |work=The Week |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212042416/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/09/02/india-now-controls-dominating-heights-in-chushul-sector.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
India chose to pull back from these positions as leverage for larger disengagement.<ref name="News18 turning point">{{cite news |last=Dhoundial |first=Shreya |date=2021-02-17 |title=India's Move to Occupy Kailash Range Became Turning Point in Disengagement Talks: Lt Gen YK Joshi |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/indias-move-to-occupy-kailash-range-became-turning-point-in-disengagement-talks-lt-gen-yk-joshi-3445079.html |work=News18 |access-date=7 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217162456/https://www.news18.com/news/india/indias-move-to-occupy-kailash-range-became-turning-point-in-disengagement-talks-lt-gen-yk-joshi-3445079.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Both the Chinese and Indian militaries have vessels stationed on the lake.<ref name="Forbes fleets">{{cite news |last=Hooper |first=Craig |date=5 July 2020 |title=On Pangong Lake, Chinese And Indian Fleets Square Off At 14,000 Feet |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/craighooper/2020/07/05/at-pangong-tso-chinese-and-indian-fleets-square-off-at-14000-feet/ |work=Forbes |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135849/https://www.forbes.com/sites/craighooper/2020/07/05/at-pangong-tso-chinese-and-indian-fleets-square-off-at-14000-feet/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TOI boats">{{cite news |last=P |first=Rajat |date=13 June 2021 |title=Army gets special boats for Pangong Tso |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-begins-inducting-new-specialized-boats-for-pangong-tso/articleshow/83467836.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213135849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-begins-inducting-new-specialized-boats-for-pangong-tso/articleshow/83467836.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NIE firepower mobility">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Mayank |date=18 August 2021 |title=China raises firepower & mobility near Pangong Tso |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/aug/18/china-raises-firepower-mobility-near-pangong-tso-2346276.html |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214235014/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/aug/18/china-raises-firepower-mobility-near-pangong-tso-2346276.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since 2022, China built a bridge across the lake near the Khurnak Fort.<ref name="NDTV bridge">{{cite news |last=Som |first=Vishnu |author-link=Vishnu Som |title=Chinese Bridge Over Pangong Lake In Illegally Held Territory: Government |work=NDTV |date=7 January 2022 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/china-bridge-pangong-lake-chinese-bridge-over-pangong-lake-in-illegally-held-territory-government-2692890 |access-date=8 January 2022 |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108111351/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/china-bridge-pangong-lake-chinese-bridge-over-pangong-lake-in-illegally-held-territory-government-2692890 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HT bridge">{{cite news |last=Laskar |first=Rezaul H |title=India says China's bridge on Pangong Lake located in areas under 'illegal occupation' |work=Hindustan Times |date=2022-02-04 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-says-china-s-bridge-on-pangong-lake-located-in-areas-under-illegal-occupation-101643995642536.html |access-date=7 February 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207142500/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-says-china-s-bridge-on-pangong-lake-located-in-areas-under-illegal-occupation-101643995642536.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The construction of the 400-meter bridge was completed in July 2024.<ref name="u509">{{cite web | title=China Makes Pangong Lake Bridge Operational, Builds Village Near LAC in Demchuk | website=Kashmir Times| date=2024-07-31 | url=https://kashmirtimes.com/china-makes-pangong-lake-bridge-operational-builds-village-near-lac-in-demchuk/}}</ref>

==Transport & roads ==
{{anchor | Road | Roads | Transport }}
{{see also | India-China Border Roads | India-China border infrastructure | Tourism in Ladakh#Roads | l3= Touristic roads in Ladakh }}

Following roads provide the access within the Indian held area:

* "[[Chang Chenmo River#MLR|Phobrang-Marsimik La-Tsogtsalu-Hot Springs Road]]" (PMTHR) or "Marsimik La Road" (MLR) in Changchenmo Range, via [[Phobrang]] & [[Marsimik La]] is a motorable black-topped road which runs east of Pangong Tso.<ref name=etau2>{{cite web |title=India boosts road links to LAC standoff points |work=Indian Express |author=Mayank Singh |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jul/22/india-boosts-road-links-to-lac-standoff-points-2479299.html |date=2 July 2023}}</ref> It also provides access to the "Finger-4 Road".

{{anchor | F4R }}
* "Finger-4 Road" (F4R), is a black top motorable road till "Finger-4" on the northern bank of the Pangong Tso, being built by India which will be completed by 2025.<ref name=brid3>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/both-china-india-ramp-up-infrastructure-on-north-bank-of-pangong-tso/article67034490.ece India, China ramp up infra on north bank of Pangong Tso lake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703143823/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/both-china-india-ramp-up-infrastructure-on-north-bank-of-pangong-tso/article67034490.ece |date=3 July 2023 }}, The Hindu, 2 July 2023.</ref>

{{anchor | LCR }}
* "Lukung-Chartse Road" (LC Road), 32 km long road connects the northwest bank of Pangong Tso.<ref name=luk1>[https://www.indiandefensenews.in/2023/08/year-end-deadline-set-for-bro-to.html YEAR-END DEADLINE SET FOR BRO TO COMPLETE 20 ROADS ALONG LAC AS STANDOFF WITH CHINA LOOKS INCREASINGLY IRREVERSIBLE], INDIAN DEFENCE NEWS, AUGUST 03, 2023.</ref>

{{anchor | CKC }}
* "Chushul-Lukung Road" (CC road),<ref name=CLR1>[https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/wildlife-board-approves-5-roads-in-ladakh-including-daulat-beg-oldie-route-124101700391_1.html Wildlife Board approves 5 roads in Ladakh, including Daulat Beg Oldie route], Business Standard, 17 October 2024.</ref> also called the "Surtok-Kakstet-Chushul Road" (CKC road), a motorable black-topped road parallel to the southern bank of Pangong Tso, provides shortest route from [[Surtok]], [[Spangmik]], [[Man Pangong|Man]], [[Merak, Ladakh|Merak]] & [[Kakshet]] to Chushul.
** "Thakung Post Road": is a 5.8 km long spur of "Chushul-Lukung Road" from a T-section and it goes to Thakung Post of Indian Military, constructed under [[India–China Border Roads|ICBR Phase-III]].<ref name=CLR1/>

{{anchor | PL }}
* "Pangong Lakeshore Road" (PL road), is a motorable road along the scenic southern shore of Pangong Tso from Kakset to Chushul via Lukung and Thakung (Indian military post).

Following roads provide the access within the China held area:

* "[[China National Highway 696]]": runs along the India China LAC and border along a route which is opposite India held [[Daulat Beg Oldie]] (DBO) & [[Burtsa]], near Kongka La pass, to Nyagzu and Khurnak Fort, to Recho (opposite India-held [[Dungti]]).
* "[[China National Highway 219]]" passes by the eastern end of Pangong Tso. The lake can be accessed by driving 12 km from [[Rutog Town|Rutog]] or 130 km from [[Shiquanhe]]. Tourists can rent a boat on the lake, but landing on islands is not allowed, to protecting the avian breeding grounds. There are several restaurants along the shore.<ref>{{cite news |last1=黄慧英 |script-title=zh:一措再措邂逅高原湖泊的绝美 |trans-title=Take measures to meet the beauty of plateau lakes |publisher=tibet.cn |date=4 August 2018 |language=zh |url=http://www.tibet.cn/cn/travel/201807/t20180704_6029034.html |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922173348/http://www.tibet.cn/cn/travel/201807/t20180704_6029034.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{anchor| Khurnak}}The "Khurnak Bridges" are the twin adjacent bridges over the Pangong Tso, one smaller and a bigger one for the heavier vehicle, built by China to connect [[Khurnak Fort]] on the north bank to Rutog in southeast via a new road which will reduce the distance between two locations by 150 km. India claims that this bridge is illegal as it lies in the area claimed by India. It lies 20 km east of the point [Finger 8] which India perceives to be the location of [[Line of Actual Control|LAC]].<ref name=brid1>[https://indianexpress.com/article/india/defence-sources-china-pangong-tso-2nd-bridge-permanent-mea-7928121/ MEA: Two bridges built by China in Pangong area occupied illegally] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703143823/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/defence-sources-china-pangong-tso-2nd-bridge-permanent-mea-7928121/ |date=3 July 2023 }}, Indian Express, 21 May 2022.</ref><ref name=brid2>[https://eurasiantimes.com/chinas-2nd-bridge-on-disputed-pangong-lake-is-near/ 'Xi Hao' India! China's 2nd Bridge On Disputed Pangong Lake Is Near Completion, Satellite Imagery Reveals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703143825/https://eurasiantimes.com/chinas-2nd-bridge-on-disputed-pangong-lake-is-near/ |date=3 July 2023 }}, Eurasian Times, 17 Nov 2022.</ref>

== Tourism ==
{{anchor | Tourism }}
{{see also | Tourism in Ladakh }}


Pangong Tso is part of the [[India–China border infrastructure#Tourism|Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan]] initiative of the Indian Military which will boost border tourism, patriotism, local infrastructure and economy while reversing civilian outward migration from these remote locations, it entails 77 battleground war memorials in border area including the [[Battle of Longewala|Longewala War Memorial]], [[Battle of Longewala|Sadhewala War Memorial]],<ref name=bdp2>[https://www.indiatimes.com/news/here-is-the-story-of-tanot-mata-the-diety-who-protected-indian-soldiers-from-pakistani-bombs-at-longewala-in-1971-war-259867.html The Story Of Tanot Mata, The Deity Who Protected Our Soldiers From Pakistani Bombs In 1971 War], India Times, 16 Dec 2020.</ref> [[Siachen Base Camp (India)|Siachen base camp]], [[Kargil]], [[Galwan]], [[Rezang La]], [[Doklam]], [[Bum La]], [[Cho La (Sikkim and Tibet)|Cho La]], [[Kibithu]], etc.<ref name=bdp1>[https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/battleground-tourism-india-indian-army-ministry-of-tourism-galwan-siachel-kargil-longewala-battle-2665110-2025-01-15. Add Galwan, Siachen to holiday plan. India is opening battle tourism bunker], India Today, 15 Jan 2025.</ref>

On the Indian side, an [[Inner Line Permit]] is required to visit the lake, as it lies on the Sino-Indian [[Line of Actual Control]]. For security reasons, India does not permit boating. Groups are permitted, accompanied by an accredited guide.<ref>{{cite news |title=A handy guide on how to visit the famous Pangong Lake in Ladakh |work=Times of India Travel |date=3 December 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/a-handy-guide-on-how-to-visit-the-famous-pangong-lake-in-ladakh/photostory/79549816.cms |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213125213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/a-handy-guide-on-how-to-visit-the-famous-pangong-lake-in-ladakh/photostory/79549816.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Javaid |first=Azaan |title=Pangong Tso opens for tourists amid Ladakh stand-off. This is how you can visit it |work=ThePrint |date=2021-01-13 |url=https://theprint.in/india/pangong-tso-opens-for-tourists-amid-ladakh-stand-off-this-is-how-you-can-visit-it/584196/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213100450/https://theprint.in/india/pangong-tso-opens-for-tourists-amid-ladakh-stand-off-this-is-how-you-can-visit-it/584196/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A surge in Indian tourists has presented environmental challenges due to inadequate infrastructure to accommodate and manage the growing number of visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ariel Sophia Bardi |title=How "3 Idiots" Destroyed Ladakh |website=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=22 November 2016 |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/arielbardi/what-has-3-idiots-done-to-ladakh |access-date=2 June 2023 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602155801/https://www.buzzfeed.com/arielbardi/what-has-3-idiots-done-to-ladakh |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Flora and fauna ==
{{ see also | Wildlife of Ladakh }}

The eastern part of the lake is fresh, with the content of [[total dissolved solids]] at 0.68 g/L, while the western part of the lake is saline, with the salinity at 11.02 g/L.<ref>{{cite web |title=班公错 |url=http://www.tibetol.cn/html/2013/hp_0415/487.html |language=zh |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135914/http://www.tibetol.cn/html/2013/hp_0415/487.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[brackish water]]<ref name="Pant" /> of the lake has very low micro-vegetation. Guides report that there are no fish or other aquatic life on the Indian side of the lake, except for some small [[crustacean]]s. On the other hand, visitors see numerous ducks and gulls over and on the lake surface. There are some species of scrub and perennial herbs that grow in the marshes around the lake.

The lake acts as an important breeding ground for a variety of birds including a number of migratory birds. During summer, the [[Bar-headed goose|bar-headed geese]] and [[Brahmini ducks]] are commonly seen here.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Asif |date=2016 |title=Ladakh: The Land Beyond |journal=Buceros |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=6–15 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7UUVmCgCiGATFFhcGJqdkg3S28/view?usp=sharing |access-date=26 October 2017 |archive-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226011710/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7UUVmCgCiGATFFhcGJqdkg3S28/view?usp=sharing |url-status=live }}</ref> The region around the lake supports a number of species of wildlife including the [[kiang]] and the [[marmot]]. The lake hosts large quantities of fish, especially ''[[False osman|Schizopygopsis stoliczkai]]''<ref>
{{cite web |title=Schizopygopsis stoliczkae |website=China Animal Scientific Database |access-date=22 September 2018 |url=http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=6256 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004532/http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=6256 |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}
</ref> and ''[[Kunar snowtrout|Racoma labiata]]''.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Racoma labiata |website=China Animal Scientific Database |url=http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=6226 |access-date=22 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015534/http://www.bioinfo.cn/db05/BjdwSpecies.php?action=view&id=6226 |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}
</ref> Freshwater snails of the genus ''[[Radix (gastropod)|Radix]]'' also live in the lake.<ref name="Oheimb 2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Oheimb | first1 = Parm Viktor von | last2 = Albrecht | first2 = Christian | last3 = Riedel | first3 = Frank | last4 = Du | first4 = Lina | last5 = Yang | first5 = Junxing | last6 = Aldridge | first6 = David C. | last7 = Bößneck | first7 = Ulrich | last8 = Zhang | first8 = Hucai | last9 = Wilke | first9 = Thomas | year = 2011 | title = Freshwater Biogeography and Limnological Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau - Insights from a Plateau-Wide Distributed Gastropod Taxon (''Radix'' spp.) | journal = [[PLOS One]] | volume = 6 | issue = 10| article-number = e26307 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0026307 | doi-access = free | pmid = 22028853 | pmc = 3197626 | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...626307V }}</ref>

Formerly, Pangong Tso had an outlet to the [[Shyok River]], a tributary of the [[Indus River]], but it was closed off by natural damming. Two streams feed the lake from the Indian side, forming marshes and wetlands at the edges.<ref name="Gujja">
{{cite journal |author1=Biksham Gujja |author2=Archana Chatterjee |author3=Parikshit Gautam |author4=Pankaj Chandan |name-list-style=amp |title=Wetlands and Lakes at the Top of the World |journal=Mountain Research and Development |volume=23 |issue=3 |date=August 2003 |pages=219–221 |publisher=[[International Mountain Society]] |location=Bern, Switzerland |issn=1994-7151 |doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2003)023[0219:WALATT]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=130202320 |doi-access=free }}
</ref> Strand lines above current lake level reveal a {{Convert|5|m|abbr=on}} thick layer of mud and laminated sand, suggesting the lake has shrunken recently on the geological scale.<ref name="Pant">{{cite journal |author1=R. K. Pant |author2=N. R. Phadtare |author3=L. S. Chamyal |author4=Navin Juyal |date=10 June 2005 |title=Quaternary deposits in Ladakh and Karakoram Himalaya: A treasure trove of the palaeoclimate records |journal=Current Science |volume=88 |issue=11 |url=https://www.academia.edu/26184431 |access-date=6 May 2020 |archive-date=20 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120071453/https://www.academia.edu/26184431 |url-status=live }}</ref> On the Indian side, no fish have been observed, however in the stream coming from the south-eastern side (Cheshul nalla), three fish species (''Schizopygopsis stoliczkae'', ''[[Tibetan stone loach]]'' and ''[[Triplophysa gracilis]]'') have been reported (Bhat et al., 2011). The low [[biodiversity]] has been reported as being due to high salinity and harsh environmental conditions (Bhat et al., 2011).

Bird Islet is a popular location for bird-watching for tourists in [[Ngari Prefecture|Ngari]].<ref name="birdislet">
{{cite book |title=Dreams of Snow Land |publisher=[[Foreign Languages Press]] |location=Beijing |date=2005 |isbn=7-119-03883-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/dreamsofsnowland0000chen/ |via=archive.org |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofsnowland0000chen/page/273 273]-[https://archive.org/details/dreamsofsnowland0000chen/page/275 275]}}</ref>

== Climate ==
{{Weather box |width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Pangong Tso
|Jan high C = -5.9
|Feb high C = -3.7
|Mar high C = 0.9
|Apr high C = 6.9
|May high C = 11.6
|Jun high C = 17.4
|Jul high C = 20.5
|Aug high C = 19.7
|Sep high C = 15.5
|Oct high C = 7.9
|Nov high C = 1.5
|Dec high C = -3.3
|Jan mean C = -13.3
|Feb mean C = -10.8
|Mar mean C = -6.0
|Apr mean C = -0.5
|May mean C = 3.8
|Jun mean C = 9.5
|Jul mean C = 13.1
|Aug mean C = 12.7
|Sep mean C = 7.8
|Oct mean C = -0.3
|Nov mean C = -6.8
|Dec mean C = -11.3
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -20.6
|Feb low C = -17.9
|Mar low C = -12.8
|Apr low C = -7.8
|May low C = -3.9
|Jun low C = 1.6
|Jul low C = 5.8
|Aug low C = 5.7
|Sep low C = 0.2
|Oct low C = -8.5
|Nov low C = -15.1
|Dec low C = -19.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 4
|Feb precipitation mm = 2
|Mar precipitation mm = 3
|Apr precipitation mm = 3
|May precipitation mm = 4
|Jun precipitation mm = 2
|Jul precipitation mm = 11
|Aug precipitation mm = 15
|Sep precipitation mm = 4
|Oct precipitation mm = 2
|Nov precipitation mm = 2
|Dec precipitation mm = 3
|source 1 = [https://en.climate-data.org/location/968275/ Climate-Data.org]
}}

== Gallery ==
[[File:Pangong pano.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Pangong Tso]]
<gallery class="center">
File:Frozen, Pangong Tso.jpg|Frozen, Pangong Tso
File:Pangong Lake Transparent Water & Pebbles.jpg|Transparent water
File:Pangong Tso.JPG|During summer
File:Ducks in Pangong Tso.jpg|Birds
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh valley.jpg
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh, India 06.jpg
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh, India 05.jpg
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh, India 04.jpg
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh, India 02.jpg
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh, India 03.jpg
File:Pangong Lake, Ladakh, India 01.jpg
</gallery>

===Maps===
{{multiple image
|align = center
|width = 225
|image1 = Ladakh-Garhwal-1863.jpg
|alt1 =
|caption1 = Edward Weller map of Ladakh and Garhwal, 1863
|image2 = Map India and Pakistan 1-250,000 Tile NI 44-9 Pangong Tso.jpg
|alt2 =
|caption2 = Map including Pangong Tso ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954){{efn|name=delin|From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"}}
|image3 = Ni-44-9-chushul-china-india.pdf
|alt3 =
|caption3 = Map including Pangong Tso / Bangong Co ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1992)
}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
*[[Aksai Chin]] and [[List of locations in Aksai Chin|its locations]]
*[[Sirijap]]
*[[Rudok]]
*[[National Large Solar Telescope]]
*[[Spanggur Tso]]

==References==
;Notes
{{notelist}}

;Citations
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |title=Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical |publisher=Wm. H. Allen and Co |location=London |year=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladakphysicalsta00cunnrich |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Cunningham, Ladak|1854}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Dortch |first1=Jason M. |last2=Owen |first2=Lewis A. |last3=Caffee |first3=Marc W. |last4=Kamp |first4=Ulrich |title=Catastrophic partial drainage of Pangong Tso, northern India and Tibet |journal=Geomorphology |volume=125 |issue=1 |year=2011 |pages=109–121 |issn=0169-555X |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.08.017 |bibcode=2011Geomo.125..109D |ref={{sfnref|Dortch et al., Catastrophic partial drainage of Pangong Tso|2011}}}}
* {{citation |last=Godwin-Austen |first=H. H. |title=Notes on the Pangong Lake District of Ladakh, from a Journal made during a Survey in 1863 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lwMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA351 |year=1867 |volume=37 |pages=343–363 |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |doi=10.2307/1798534 |jstor=1798534 |ref={{sfnref|Godwin-Austen, Notes on the Pangong Lake District|1867}}|url-access=subscription }}
* {{citation |first=Ellsworth |last=Huntington |title=Pangong: A Glacial Lake in the Tibetan Plateau |journal=The Journal of Geology |publisher=University of Chicago |volume=14 |number=7 |year=1906 |pages=599–617 |doi=10.1086/621337 |bibcode=1906JG.....14..599H |s2cid=129014522 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2318025 }}
* {{citation |last=Strachey |first=Henry |title=Physical Geography of Western Tibet |publisher=William Clows and Sons |location=London |date=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeograp00stragoog |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Strachey, Physical Geography of Western Tibet|1854}}}}

== Further reading ==
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage listing|Leh}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Streule |first1=M.J. |last2=Phillips |first2=R.J. |last3=Searle |first3=M.P. |last4=Waters |first4=D.J. |last5=Horstwood |first5=M.S.A. |title=Evolution and chronology of the Pangong Metamorphic Complex adjacent to the Karakoram Fault, Ladakh: constraints from thermobarometry, metamorphic modelling and U–Pb geochronology |journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=166 |issue=5 |year=2009 |pages=919–932 |issn=0016-7649 |doi=10.1144/0016-76492008-117|bibcode=2009JGSoc.166..919S |s2cid=6633788 |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/8429/1/Streule_et_al_Pangong_revised_-_NORA_version.pdf }}
* {{Cite journal|vauthors=Srivastava P, Kumar A, Singh R, Deepak O, Kumar AM, Ray Y, Jayangondaperumal R, Phartiyal B, Chahal P, Sharma P, Ghosh R, Kumar N, Agnihotri R|date=July 2020|title=Rapid lake level fall in Pangong Tso (lake) in Ladakh, NW Himalaya: a response of late Holocene aridity|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/119/02/0219.pdf|journal=Current Science|volume=119|issue=2|pages=219–231|doi=10.18520/cs/v119/i2/219-231 |s2cid=239601454 }}
* [[:File:SINO-INDIAN BORDER DEFENSES CHUSHUL AREA CIA-RDP89B00569R000200120051-4.pdf|SINO-INDIAN BORDER DEFENSES CHUSHUL AREA]] (CIA, 1963)

{{Lakes of China}}
{{Ladakh}}
{{Hydrography of Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Lakes of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Lakes of Tibet]]
[[Category:China–India border]]
[[Category:International lakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Tourism in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Geography of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Pangong Lake]]
[[Category:Rutog County]]
[[Category:Ngari Prefecture]]

Laxman Jha

2025-12-15T09:54:23Z

Notthetag:

{{Short description|Indian freedom fighter and scholar}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Dr. Laksman Jha
| native_name = डा.लक्ष्मण झा
| native_name_lang = Maithili
| other_names = Lakhan Jha
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|09|05}}
| birth_place = Rasiari Village, [[Darbhanga district]], Mithila region, Bihar
| death_date = {{Death date|2000|01|22}}
| citizenship = Indian
| education = SOAS, University of London (PhD)
| occupation = Freedom fighter, educator, intellect, and author
| notable_works =
| movement = India Freedom Movement and [[Mithila State Movement]]
}}
'''Dr. Laksman Jha''' (Maithili: डा. लक्ष्मण झा) was a distinguished freedom fighter from the Mithila region who actively participated in India’s independence movement. He later emerged as a pioneering activist in the campaign for a separate Mithila state. <ref>{{Cite web |title=लक्ष्मण झा की पुण्यतिथि पर संगोष्ठी आज - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/darbhanga-8802777.html |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-23 |title=Demand for Mithilanchal: Why carving out a new state from Bihar may backfire |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/demand-for-mithilanchal-why-carving-out-a-new-state-from-bihar-may-backfire-1991442-2022-08-23 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life and education ==
Dr. '''Laksman Jha''' was born on 5 September 1916 at Rasiari village of [[Darbhanga district]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of [[Bihar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-01-23 |title=मिथिला राज्यक प्रबल समर्थक छलाह डॉ. लक्ष्मण झा |url=https://mithilamirror.com/dr-lakshman-jha-death-anniversary/ |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=मिथिला मिरर |language=en-US}}</ref> He was born in a [[Maithil Brahmin]] family. His father name was Kari Jha and mother was Kirti Devi.

He completed his primary education in his own village. Later he was admitted in Madhepur High School. His passed his secondary school examination in 1937 AD with first class. He was admitted in T N J college at [[Bhagalpur]] for intermediate courses. In 1939, he passed intermediate examination. In 1941, he completed graduation education in [[Sanskrit]] honours from [[Patna College]]. He was awarded gold medal for his outstanding performance in the result of the examination. Later Dr. Laksman Jha pursued his doctoral studies at the [[School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London]], where he earned a PhD for his thesis on [[doi:10.25501/SOAS.00033954|Mithilā and Magadha]] (700–1100 A.D.).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Vijay Deo Jha Mithila Research Society |url=http://archive.org/details/VicharChintamaniACollectionOfEssaysByLaxmanJhaEditedBySureshwarJha |title=Vichar Chintamani A Collection Of Essays By Laxman Jha Edited By Sureshwar Jha |date=2018-09-17}}</ref>

== Indian Freedom Movement ==
Dr. '''Laksman Jha''' started taking part in the [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement of India]] from age 11. Similarly he demonstrated against the [[Simon Commission]] and participated in the [[Salt March|Civil Disobedience Movement]] during 1930–31 at the age of 15. In 1942, when [[Rajendra Prasad]] was arrested by [[British Raj|British India government]], Laksman Jha was made the General Secretary of the Bihar State Movement Committee to lead the August Revolution. Under his leadership, after the incident of hoisting the flag on the Secretariat and the death of seven students in police firing, the whole of Bihar jumped into the August Revolution. He joined [[Quit India Movement|Bharat Chhodo]] movement for the freedom of India from the [[British Raj|British rule]].<ref name=":1" />

== Mithila State Movement ==
In 1952, Laksman Jha gave a new form to the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]-[[Maithili language|Maithili]] movement. He started a big movement for a [[Mithila (proposed Indian state)|separate Mithila state]] in India. Later he devoted and started working for Mithila-Maithili movement only.<ref name=":0" /> During the reorganization of states, he started a movement for a separate Mithila state.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jha, Laxman}}

[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/view/people/Jha=3ALaksman=3A=3A.html#group_thesis Mithila and Magadha]

Muthana, Thiruvananthapuram district

2025-12-08T19:49:37Z

Notthetag: creating a location first draft.

{{Short description|Village in Kerala, India}}
{{Other uses|Muthanna (disambiguation){{!}}Muthanna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
'''Muthana''' is a small village in [[Trivandrum district]], Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Holiday Lesson |url=http://www.indiatoday.com/itoday/20070730/offtrack.html |work=[[India Today International]] |date=30 July 2007 |accessdate=26 February 2012 }}</ref> The village comes under [[Chemmaruthy]] [[Panchayati raj in India|panchayat]] of [[Varkala Taluk]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Thiruvananthapuram district}}
{{Thiruvananthapuram district settlements}}
{{coord|8|46|20|N|76|45|40|E|type:city_region:IN-KL|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Thiruvananthapuram district]]

{{Thiruvananthapuram-geo-stub}}

Bankura–Masagram line

2025-11-27T06:01:58Z

Notthetag: Adding a stub

{{short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] Bankura–Masagram line
| color = 800000
| logo = 
| logo_width =
| image = Bankura Junction railway station.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Bankura Junction is an important railway station at Bankura–Masagram line
| type =
| status = Operational (Electrified )
| locale = [[West Bengal]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Bankura Junction}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Masagram Junction}}
| stations = 22
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| open = 2005 (as broad-gauge railway)
| close = 1965 (as Bakura-Damodar Railway)
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railway]]
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength = Broad gauge: {{convert|120.3|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracklength = Broad gauge: {{convert|120.3|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracks =
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge = {{track gauge|2ft6in}} [[Narrow gauge]]
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = [[Overhead catenary]] (25 kV) from {{date|15-01-2020|DMY}}
| speed = 100 km/h
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Bankura–Masagram line|collapse=no|inline=1}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Bankura–Masagram line''' is an electrified broad-gauge rail line connecting [[Bankura]] town and [[Masagram]]. The {{convert|120.3|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} railway line operates in [[Bankura district|Bankura]] and [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]] districts in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It falls under [[Adra railway division]] of South Eastern Railway Zone of Indian Railways.

==History==
The old {{convert|97.3|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}[[Narrow Gauge]] route of [[Bankura Damodar Railway]](closed in 1965) was planned to be revived by South Eastern Railway of Indian Railways in 1998 as a [[Broad Gauge]] line. The plans were to convert the old track with some minor diversions to a broad-gauge one and connect it with the [[Howrah–Bardhaman chord]] near [[Masagram]]. The work has been scheduled to be completed in three phases: Bankura–Sonamukhi, Sonamukhi–Rainagar, and Rainagar–Masagram.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bardhaman.com/news/news_bdn_030904.htm | title = Bankura Damodar Rail to roll again from 14th Jan | access-date = 2009-08-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516215710/http://www.bardhaman.com/news/news_bdn_030904.htm | archive-date = 16 May 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The {{convert|41.4|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Bankura–Sonamukhi broad-gauge section was completed and opened to the public in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/09/21/stories/2005092102931900.htm
| title = S-E Rly opens new line | access-date = 2009-08-22 | work=The Hindu Business Line, 21 September 2005}}</ref> The {{convert|55|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Sonamukhi–Rainagar broad-gauge section was completed and opened to the public in 2008<ref name=BDR2>{{cite web|url=http://thestatesman.org/page.arcview.php?date=2008-01-23&usrsess=1&clid=23&id=214156 |title=BDR resumes service after 13 yrs |access-date=2009-08-22 |publisher=The Statesman, 23 January 2008 }}{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and one stop extension to Mathnasipur was completed in 2011. According to Indian Railways, the missing link between Mathnasipur and {{stnlnk|Masagram}} was planned to open in the financial year 2012–2013. On completion of the {{convert|23|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} Rainagar–Masagram new broad-gauge section, the distance between Howrah and Bankura was to be reduced from {{convert|231|km}} (via [[Kharagpur]]) to {{convert|185|km}}. The last section involved the construction of a bridge across the [[Damodar River]].<ref name=BDR2/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050912/asp/bengal/story_5227660.asp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060209143103/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050912/asp/bengal/story_5227660.asp | url-status = dead | archive-date = 9 February 2006 | title = Train to Bankura | access-date = 2009-08-22| work = The Telegraph|date=12 September 2005}}</ref> The {{convert|1444|m|ft|adj=mid|-long}} bridge over the Damodar was constructed and work on the Mathnasipur-Masagram new project was completed with the addition of four new halts – Gram Masagram (Mustafachak), Habaspur, Dadpur and Berugram.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120209/1924656.html| title = SER GM reviews Bankura–Masagram rail project| publisher = Web India 123|date=9 February 2012 | access-date = 13 April 2013}}</ref>

Construction on the {{convert|48.25|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} new broad-gauge railway line between Bankura–[[Chhatna]]–[[Mukutmanipur]] has also been inaugurated.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=6114&kwd= | title = Opening of Eklakhi – Balurghat new line | access-date = 2009-08-22 | publisher =Press Information Bureau }}</ref>

===Route description===
The previous {{track gauge|2ft6in}} [[Narrow gauge]] line near Bankura was a bit different. The former NG station was physically isolated from the BG station. It was after the adjacent road, so if anyone wanted to change from BG to NG, he/she should cross the road to entrain the NG train. To continuing journey from [[Adra, Purulia|Adra]] to {{stnlnk|Rainagar}}, the new {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]] line is branching just before Bankura Jn. (going towards Kharagpur from Adra), then it turns as a semicircle, and then meets on the old narrow-gauge line alignment. On the rest portion it completely follows the old line's alignment. The line is entirely single. There are crossings at Sonamukhi, Patrasayer, Bowaichandi, Seharabazar and Rainagar. It passes through land of red soil and part of a partly cut jungle.

==Train service==
[[File:Rainagar BG station.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Raina, Bardhaman|Rainagar]] broad-gauge station of Bankura–Masagram line built in place of old narrow-gauge terminus station of [[Bankura Damodar Railway|BDR]]. It is built with special elevation keeping in view of flooding of Damodar River in monsoons.]]

As of April 2021, MEMU services are available between {{stnlnk|Bankura Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Masagram Junction}}.

On 20 February 2021, South Eastern Railway has decided to introduce two pairs of MEMU trains between Bankura and Masagram from 21 February 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,423&dcd=4785&did=16138196395102AA837EAE75AD27F7A10B67A75D79A48 | title = INTRODUCTION OF MEMU SERVICE IN BANKURA-MASAGRAM NEWLY ELECTRIFIED SECTION| publisher = South Eastern Railways |access-date = 20 February 2021}}</ref>

On 28 June 2025, [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]], The [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]], inaugurated [[MEMU]] Train between [[Purulia Junction railway station|Purulia Junction]] and [[Howrah railway station|Howrah Junction]] via [[Bankura Junction railway station|Bankura Junction]] and [[Masagram railway station|Masagram Junction]].

==See also==
*[[Bankura Damodar Railway]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
|{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Bankura topics}}
{{Bardhaman topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bankura-Masagram line}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2005]]

Milind Mane

2025-11-25T06:48:13Z

Notthetag: correct structure also and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = Milind Mane
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| constituency_AM1 = [[Nagpur North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur North]]
| assembly1 = Maharashtra Legislative
| term_start1 = 2014
| term_end1 = 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Nitin Raut]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|12|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| spouse = Sarita Mane
| children = 3
Tejal Mane,
Aastha Mane,
Maitreya Mane
| website = {{URL|www.mahabjp.org}}
| footnotes =
| successor1 = Nitin Raut
}}

'''Milind Mane''' (born 3 December 1970) was a member of the 13th [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]. He represented the [[Nagpur North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Nagpur North]] Assembly Constituency. He belongs to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref name="IT-20141103">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/story/maharashtra-assembly-poll-results-bjp-shiv-sena-ncp-congress-223847-2014-10-19|title=Results of Maharashtra Assembly polls 2014 |work=India Today|access-date=2015-06-19}}</ref> Mane has been a corporator in the [[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]],<ref name="TOI-20141023">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Despite-having-experience-very-few-corporators-become-legislators/articleshow/44912685.cms|title=Despite having experience very few corporators become legislators|last=Anparthy|first=Anjaya|date=2014-10-23|work=Times of India|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> in 2012, as sitting corporator, he unsuccessfully contested the municipal corporation elections representing the [[Republican Party of India|RPI]] Aghadi.<ref name="TOI-20141023" /><ref name="TOI-20120207">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Many-highly-educated-in-fray-but-some-semi-literates-too/articleshow/11785529.cms|title=Many highly educated in fray but some semi-literates too|last=Anparthy|first=Anjaya|date=2012-02-07|work=Times of India|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> Mane is a medical doctor.<ref name="DNA-20141021">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-maharashtra-election-result-young-bjp-faces-emerged-victorious-in-vidarbha-2028069|title=Maharashtra election result: Young BJP faces emerged victorious in Vidarbha|date=2014-10-21|work=Daily News and Analysis |accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mane was born in [[Paras Thermal Power Station|Paras]] village of [[Akola district]]. His father was a gateman with the [[Indian Railways]], who was an alcoholic, the family sank in poverty. His mother therefore had to supplement the family income by working as a labourer. Poverty forced Mane as a child and youth to do various types of farm jobs, hawking and menial work, and at one time he was forced to beg for a living for several days. He studied dentistry for six months, however he shifted to studying medicine on obtaining admission to Indira Gandhi Government Medical college, from where he secured his [[MBBS]] degree. He subsequently secured his [[Doctor of Medicine#India|MD]] degree.<ref name="Lokmat-20141026">{{cite news|url=http://www.lokmat.com/storypage.php?catid=1&newsid=3552474|title=अन् गरिबांचा डॉक्टर आमदार झाला!|date=2014-10-26|work=Lokmat|language=Marathi|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Positions held===

====Within [[BJP]]====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* MLA in 2014 by defeating Cabinet Minister [[Nitin Raut]]
{{div col end}}

====Legislative====
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[BJP]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] in 2014 [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
{{div col end}}Mane is a vocal supporter of [[LGBT rights in India|LGBTQ rights]] in the region. He is known to have spoken in various LGBTQ events about the importance of sex education in school and discrimination against the LGBTQ community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationnext.in/vidarbhas-first-lgbtqi-talk-show/|title=Sex education a must so that children are aware of sexual preferences: Dr Milind Mane|date=2018-01-12|website=Nation Next|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref> During his tenure as [[Nagpur North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|North Nagpur]] MLA, he flagged off the first [[Orange City LGBT Pride March|Orange City LGBTQ Pride March]] in [[Nagpur]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/lgbt-community-supporters-take-out-pride-parade-in-nagpur/|title=LGBT community, supporters take out 'pride parade' in Nagpur|date=2016-03-06|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mane, Milind}}
[[Category:Politicians from Nagpur]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Akola district]]
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]

Dhadakebaaz

2025-11-24T15:10:37Z

Notthetag: correct content additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|1990 Marathi-language film by Mahesh Kothare}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhadakebaaz
| director = [[Mahesh Kothare]]
| writer = Purushottam Berde ({{small|Dialogue}})
| screenplay = Mahesh Kothare [[Vasant Sathe]]
| story = Mahesh Kothare
| producer = Mahesh Kothare
| starring = [[Laxmikant Berde]] [[Mahesh Kothare]] [[Deepak Shirke]] Prajakta Kulkarni [[Ashwini Bhave]] Ravindra Berde Chandrakant Pandya
| cinematography = [[Suryakant Lavande]]
| editing = Vishwas Anil
| music = [[Anil Mohile]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhadakebaaz (1990) |url=https://indiancine.ma/AERH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503002845/https://indiancine.ma/AERH |archive-date=2023-05-03 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
| image = Dhadakebaaz film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| studio = Jenma Films International<ref>{{Cite web |title=धडाकेबाज |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/dhadakebaj/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506051250/https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/dhadakebaj/ |archive-date=2023-05-06 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=मराठी चित्रपट सूची |language=en-US}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|1990|09|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR|1Crore}}<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mujawar |first=Isak |title=Gatha Marathi Cinemachi |publisher=Pratik Prakashan |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Pune |language=Marathi}}</ref>
}}

'''''Dhadakebaaz''''' ({{Translation|Powerful}}) is a 1990 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[action comedy]] film directed and produced by [[Mahesh Kothare]] under Jenma Films International. The screenplay was written by [[Vasant Sathe]] and Kothare, while Kothare also provided the story and Purushottam Berde wrote the dialogues. The film features [[Laxmikant Berde]] in a dual role, alongside Mahesh Kothare, [[Deepak Shirke]], Prajakta Kulkarni, [[Ashwini Bhave]], [[Bipin Varti]], Ravindra Berde, and Chandrakant Pandya. It was a commercial success.

It was the first Marathi film to be shot in [[CinemaScope]] format.{{Sfn|Srinivas|2022|p=205}} The storyline was written by Kothare, with lyrics by Pravin Davane. The songs were performed by [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Sudesh Bhosale]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]], Jyotsna Hardikar, Uttara Kelkar, Vinay Mandake, and [[Anupama Deshpande]].<ref name="Cinestaan">{{Cite web|title=Dhadakebaaz (1990) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dhadakebaaz-19830/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704121856/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/dhadakebaaz-19830/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=4 July 2022|access-date=2021-03-15|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film begins with close friends Laxmikant Hajare alias Lakshya ([[Laxmikant Berde]]), Mahesh Nemade ([[Mahesh Kothare]]) and Bappa Bajrangi ([[Deepak Shirke]]) in prison who supported themselves by committing petty crimes. After their release from prison, Mahesh and Bappa decide to cease their criminal activity and go their separate ways. Lakshya is reluctant to part with his friends as he believes that unity is strength. However, Mahesh and Bappa forge ahead and choose to live separately, leaving Lakshya alone and helpless.

Later, Lakshya finds a five [[rupee]] coin on the street and keeps it in his jacket pocket. As his pocket has a hole, the coin drops onto the street and Lakshya picks it up again. This happens multiple times. Lakshya then walks into a restaurant and eats various dishes, believing that he has fifteen rupees. When the restaurant owner asks him to pay the bill, Lakshya realises that he does not have enough money for it. The owner throws Lakshya out of the restaurant.

Once again, Lakshya finds the five rupee coin on the street and decides to make money with it by playing [[poker]]. In a poker game, he manages to win a few hundred rupees but it is ultimately revealed that he is cheating. The other players begin to physically assault Lakshya, but Mahesh and Bappa coincidentally arrive at the same bar and save Lakshya from them. Lakshya, Mahesh and Bappa escape from the town and vow that they will never break their friendship.

The trio eventually reach the village of [[Khed Shivapur|Shivapur]] and visit the temple of [[Lord Shiva]] where they pledge to live as law-abiding citizens. While there, Lakshya meets Ganga (Prajakta Kulkarni), a girl selling flowers outside the temple and falls in love with her. In the crowd of a protest, Lakshya's accidentally hits Ganga's uncle Constable Rede (Ravindra Berde) with a stone and the latter angrily arrests Lakshya. At the police station, Mahesh meets Sub-Inspector Uma Jadhav ([[Ashwini Bhave]]) and falls in love with her.

While under police custody, Lakshya meets fellow prisoner Divtya ([[Bipin Varti]]) who treats him like a servant in prison. Soon, Divtya's accomplices attack the police station to have him released from prison. Divtya manages to escape but Lakshya captures his accomplices for the police. Impressed with his bravery, Uma releases Lakshya from prison and he reunites with Mahesh and Bappa. After the trio save Ganga from being harassed by some goons, she makes their residing arrangements in her cattle shed.

It eventually turns out that Divtya and his accomplices are working for the sadistic Kautya Mahakaal (Chandrakant Pandya), a [[skull]]-masked crime lord who is funding crime in Shivapur and remains [[fugitive]] to the authorities. Uma has an old enmity with the latter and wants him dead or alive as he had killed her parents as well. In order to free [[Kavtya Mahakal]]'s arrested henchmen, Divtya and few other henchmen try to capture Lakshya and Ganga, who manage to escape from them and end up at the ruins of an old fort.

Inside the abandoned fort, Lakshya discovers a small bottle and that an exact [[lookalike]] of him is trapped in it. He introduces himself as [[Gangaram (character)|Gangaram]] (also [[Laxmikant Berde]]), a [[genie]] and the ancestor of Lakshya. Gangaram tells Lakshya that he was learning magic from a [[guru]] thousands of years ago, but an accident occurred, and the guru cursed him by trapping him inside the bottle with magical sand. The guru told him that he will be freed from his curse only when his descendant will use the sand given by him for his own benefit.

Upon learning this, Lakshya agrees to help Gangaram be freed from his curse. Gangaram saves Lakshya and Ganga from Kavtya Mahakal's henchmen and even from the reprimanding of Rede, who disapproves of their relationship. Later that day, Lakshya, Mahesh and Bappa get the job of colouring the temple of Lord Shiva but Mahesh and Bappa are stunned to learn Gangaram's existence from Lakshya. Using his magic, Gangaram colours the temple from the trio's cattle shed in five minutes.

Soon, Kavtya Mahakal and his henchmen attack the village of Shivapur during the festival of [[Mahashivratri]]. Despite this, the trio thwart the criminals from the village with the help of Gangaram. Due to this incident, Kavtya Mahakal learns the truth about Gangaram and now decides to seize the bottle for his own betterment. That night, Divtya tries to steal the bottle of Gangaram from the trio's cattle shed but his plan backfires as Lakshya has Gangaram turn Divtya into a [[frog]].

However, things take a drastic turn when Kautya Mahakaal retaliates by having his henchmen abduct Lakshya and Ganga with the bottle of Gangaram. Mahesh, Bappa, Uma and Rede are frantically searching for them and find one of Kavtya Mahakal's henchmen left behind in an injured state at the scene where the abduction took place. Forcing him to reveal the whereabouts of Kavtya Mahakal's hideout, Mahesh, Bappa and Uma reach there on time and free Lakshya and Ganga.

Recovering the bottle from Kavtya Mahakal, Lakshya asks Gangaram to directly kill his entire gang but Gangaram discovers that his sandbag has already emptied. As Mahesh, Bappa and Uma are captured by the henchmen, Gangaram encourages Lakshya to fight against Kavtya Mahakal himself and states that one's mental strength is the real magic in the world. Acting upon Gangaram's encouragement, Lakshya, with a strong heart, overpowers Kavtya Mahakal and his henchmen along with Mahesh and Bappa.

Lakshya and Mahesh further manage to knock Kavtya Mahakal unconscious and the police are called in to the scene by Rede. As a result, all of Kavtya Mahakal's henchmen are arrested and sent to prison for their crimes, while Rede also agrees for Lakshya and Ganga's marriage. As everyone rejoices in the defeat of Kavtya Mahakal, the latter shockingly regains consciousness and shoots down Lakshya fatally before escaping from his hideout. Mahesh chases Kavtya Mahakal and gets into a combat with him.

Eventually, Kavtya Mahakal is shot dead by Uma in revenge for her parents' deaths. Mahesh and Uma return to the crime scene and with Ganga, Bappa and Rede, lament the tragic loss of Lakshya who miraculously survives with the blessings of Gangaram, much to everyone's happiness. Before his departure, Gangaram advises everyone to always be powerful and defeat all the evil in the world, and also to never part with each other and stay united. The film ends with everyone bidding farewell to Gangaram as he is finally freed from his curse and leaves for his heavenly abode.

== Cast ==
* [[Laxmikant Berde]] in a [[dual role]] as
** Laxmikant "Lakshya" Hajare
** [[Gangaram (character)|Genie Gangaram]]
* [[Mahesh Kothare]] as Mahesh Nemade
* [[Deepak Shirke]] as Bappa Bajrangi
* Prajakta Kulkarni as Ganga
* [[Ashwini Bhave]] as Sub-Inspector Uma Jadhav
* Ravindra Berde as Constable Rede (Ganga's uncle)
* Chandrakant Pandya as [[Kavtya Mahakal]]{{Efn|It was primarily portrayed by Chandrakant Pandya and [[Bipin Varti]], along with eight other uncredited actors.}}
* [[Bipin Varti]] as Divtya (Kavtya Mahakaal's henchman)
* Ashok Pahelwan as Kavtya Mahakaal's henchman
* Shanta Inamdar as Parubai (Ganga's mother)
* Ambar Kothare as Police Superintendent (Special Appearance)

==Casting==
[[Laxmikant Berde]] was cast in the lead role of [[Gangaram (character)|Gangaram]], marking his fifth collaboration with Kothare. Although [[Dada Kondke]] was initially considered for the part, he declined due to his reluctance to take on a supporting role, leading to Berde being given the role, where he portrayed a [[Dual role|dual]] character. [[Ashwini Bhave]] was selected to play Sub-Inspector Uma Jadhav after [[Varsha Usgaonkar]] turned down the role. Kothare also offered the role of Bappa Bajrangi to [[Deepak Shirke]], marking their third film together. Prajakta Kulkarni was chosen after auditions for a specific role.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=KOTHARE |first=MAHESH |title=DAMN IT ANI BARACH KAHI |date=2023-01-01 |publisher=Mehta Publishing House Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-959709-6-4 |language=mr}}</ref> The character of the robber [[Kavtya Mahakal]] was portrayed by eight different actors throughout the filming process.<ref name="loksatta">{{Cite news |author= |date=2019-11-05 |title=धडाकेबाज’मध्ये तब्बल आठ जणांनी साकारली होती कवट्या महाकाळची भूमिका |script-title= |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/mahesh-kothare-film-dhadakebaaz-fame-kauthya-mahakal-role-ssj-93-2008414/ |access-date=2021-03-15 |newspaper=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref> [[Bipin Varti]] initially took on the role but had to leave due to another commitment, although he continued to provide the character's voice-over for the entire film.<ref name="DM">{{Cite web |author= |date=2019-11-06 |title=एक दोन नव्हे तब्बल 8 कलाकारांनी साकारली होती 'धडाकेबाज'मधली कवट्या महाकाळची भूमिका, हे होते कारण |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bipin-varti-play-kauthya-mahakal-in-mahesh-kothares-film-dhadakebaaz-126007616.html |access-date=2021-03-15 |website=[[Divya Marathi]] |language=mr}}</ref> Laxmikant Berde suffered a hand injury while filming a gunfire sequence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Unnati |date=2019-12-16 |title=Laxmikant Berde, Marathi superstar who was much beyond the characters he's remembered for |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/laxmikant-berde-marathi-superstar-who-was-much-beyond-the-characters-hes-remembered-for/334347/ |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dhadakebaaz
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Anil Mohile]]
| released = 1990
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=26|s=35}}
| language = Marathi
| label = [[Venus Records & Tapes|Ishtar Music]]
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|GKTFHAy_UoE|Dhadakebaaz - Full Album}}
}}
}}
[[Anil Mohile]] composed music and lyrics are written by Pravin Danve.<ref>{{Citation |title=Dhadakebaaz- Songs & Dialogues Song Download: Play & Listen Dhadakebaaz- Songs & Dialogues Marathi MP3 Song by Anil Mohile @Gaana |url=https://gaana.com/album/dhadakebaaz-songs-dialogues |access-date=2025-04-15 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Track listing
!No.
!Title
!Singer (s)
!Lyrics
!Length
|-
|1
|"Jai Jai Ho Shabhu Deva"
|[[Suresh Wadkar]], Vinay Mandake, [[Sudesh Bhosale]]
| rowspan="6" |Pravin Danve
|5:10
|-
|2
|"Gangaram Ye"
|Sudesh Bhosale, [[Anupama Deshpande]]
|6:36
|-
|3
|"Phu Bai Phu Phugadi Phu"
|Vinay Madake, Uttara Kelkar
|3:50
|-
|4
|"Ninne Preminchenu"
|Vinay Mandake, Jotsna Hardikar
|4:10
|-
|5
|"Hi Dosti Tutayachi Naay" (Happy)
|Suresh Wadkar, Sudesh Bhosale, Vinay Mandake
|3:49
|-
|6
|"Hi Dosti Tutayachi Naay" (Sad)
|Suresh Wadkar, Sudesh Bhosale, Vinay Mandake
|2:00
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Cited works===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Srinivas |first=Manjula |title=Undergraduate Research in Mass Media UgRIMM 2021 |year=2022 |publisher=Shineeks Publishers |isbn=9781632789341 |publication-date=21 April 2022 |language=en}}
{{Refend}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt0233562}}

[[Category:1990s Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Kothare]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Marathi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian buddy films]]
[[Category:1990s buddy films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolhapur]]

Amit Sarin

2025-11-14T15:08:14Z

Notthetag: Adding entry.

{{short description|Indian television}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amit Sarin
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| othername =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| education = [[Manipal Institute of Technology]]
| spouse =
| yearsactive = 2003–2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/amit-sarin-shifts-base-to-the-us/articleshow/68268780.cms|title=Amit Sarin shifts base to the US|date=2019-03-06|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-amit-sarin-facing-second-phase-of-lockdown-in-los-angeles/articleshow/77289266.cms|title=Actor Amit Sarin facing second phase of lockdown in Los Angeles|date=2020-07-31|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref>
| occupation = Television actor<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-actor-amit-sarin-and-family-test-covid-positive/articleshow/80195841.cms|title=TV actor Amit Sarin and family test Covid positive|date=2021-01-10|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref>
}}

'''Amit Sarin''' is an Indian television actor. His first role was on ''[[Kkusum]]'', followed by roles in ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', ''[[Risshton Ki Dor]]'' and ''[[Doli Saja Ke]]'', ''[[Humse Hai Liife]]''.

==Personal life==
He was born in [[Varanasi]], Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/varanasi-is-and-will-always-remain-a-special-place-for-me-amit-sarin/articleshow/73984787.cms|title=Varanasi is and will always remain a special place for me: Amit Sarin|date=2020-02-07|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref> He now lives in the United States with his wife, Vineesha Arora-Sarin, and two kids.

==Career==
Sarin has appeared in several Indian television series. From 2003 until 2005 he appeared in ''[[Kkusum]]''. From 2004 until 2006 he was in ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', 2006 through 2007 in ''[[Risshton Ki Dor]]'' and in 2007 he was in ''[[Doli Saja Ke]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-pandemic-changed-the-entire-business-of-entertainment-and-this-has-become-a-blessing-for-actors-like-us-amit-sarin/articleshow/91399906.cms|title=The pandemic changed the entire business of entertainment and this has become a blessing for actors like us: Amit Sarin|date=2022-05-07|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-has-made-me-who-i-am-today-says-amit-sarin/articleshow/87182597.cms|title=TV has made me who I am today, says Amit Sarin|date=2021-10-22|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/amit-sarin-i-do-miss-performing-on-the-indian-platforms/articleshow/78407078.cms|title=Amit Sarin: I do miss performing on the Indian platforms|date=2020-09-30|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref> In 2020, he was working on the film ''Between Mountains''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/amit-sarin-mental-health-doesnt-get-the-attention-it-deserves/articleshow/81461882.cms|title=Amit Sarin: Mental health doesn’t get the attention it deserves|date=2021-03-12|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
|
| Between Mountains<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actor-amit-sarin-to-play-lead-role-in-a-film-on-suicide-prevention/articleshow/78637234.cms|title=Actor Amit Sarin to play lead role in a film on suicide prevention|date=2020-10-13|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/amit-sarin-the-road-in-hollywood-is-full-of-challenges-but-we-will-make-it/articleshow/76107291.cms|title=Amit Sarin: The road in Hollywood is full of challenges, but we will make it|date=2020-05-31|website=Times Of India Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref>
|
|-
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Channel
|-
| 2003–2005
| ''[[Kkusum]]''
| Kshitij Oberoi
| [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
| 2004–2006
| ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''
| Sahil Virani
| [[Star Plus]]
|-
| 2006–2007
| ''[[Risshton Ki Dor]]''
| Rahul Raichand
| [[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Doli Saja Ke]]''
| Chaitanya Shekhawat
| [[Sahara One]]
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Humse Hai Liife]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/amit-sareen-replaces-ankur-nayyar-humse-hai-life|title=Amit Sareen replaces Ankur Nayyar in Humse Hai Life|access-date=2012-06-13}}</ref>
| Coach Karanveer
| [[Channel V India]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm1875717}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarin, Amit}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Varanasi]]

Sonaraithari

2025-10-30T04:50:27Z

Notthetag: expanded content

{{About|the community development block in Jharkhand, India|its namesake village|Sonaraithari, Deoghar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sonaraithari
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Sonaraytharhi in Deoghar (Jharkhand).svg
| coordinates = {{coord|24|21|28|N|86|53|56|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 138.76
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 268
| population_total = 76,116
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 = Total literates
| demographics2_info2 = 35,493 (58.03%)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 814150 (Sonaraithari)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06432
| registration_plate = JH-15
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jarmundi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jarmundi]]
| website = {{URL|deoghar.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sonaraithari''' (also spelled Sona Rai Thari, Sonaraythadi) is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Deoghar subdivision]] of the [[Deoghar district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]],

==Geography==
Sonaraithari, the eponymous CD block headquarters, is located at {{coord|24|21|28|N|86|53|56|E}}.

It is located 25 km from [[Deoghar]], the district headquarters.

Deoghar district, a plateau region, is broadly divided into two sub-micro regions – the Dumka-Godda Uplands and Deoghar Uplands. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers the north-eastern portion of the district. It has an elevation of {{convert|753|m}} above mean sea level. The Deoghar Uplands covers the south-western portion of the district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 9-10: Physical aspects, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 30 October 2020}}</ref>

There are some isolated peaks in the district – Phuljori (2,312 ft), 18 miles from Madhupur, Degaria (1,716 ft), 3 miles from Baidyanath Junction, Patharda (1,603 ft), 8 miles from Madhupur, Tirkut Parvat (2,470 ft), 10 miles from Deoghar on the Dumka-Deoghar Road and some more.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3120/page/n201/mode/2up | title = Bihar District Gazettteers: Santal Parganas |first= P.C.| last= Roy Choudhary | work = General, pages 7-8 | publisher = Secretariat Press, Patna, 1965 | accessdate = 26 October 2020}}</ref>

Sonaraithari CD block is bounded by [[Mohanpur, Deoghar|Mohanpur]] CD block on the north, [[Jarmundi]] CD block in Dumka district on the east, [[Palojori]] and [[Sarath, Deoghar|Sarath]] CD blocks on the south, and [[Sarwan, Deoghar|Sarwan]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/deogarh.html | title = Deoghar CD block/ tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 31 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/dumka.html | title = Dumka CD block/ tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 31 October 2020}}</ref>

Sonaraithari CD block has an area of 138.76 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2005_PART_B_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 25: District Primary Census Abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 31 October 2020}}</ref>[[Sonaraithari, Deoghar|Sonaraithari]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/deoghar | title = District Police Profile - Deoghar| publisher = Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 31 October 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Sonaraithari, Deoghar|Sonaraithari]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2005_PART_B_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Jamtara, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map of Deoghar on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | accessdate = 31 October 2020}}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Sonaraithari CD block are: Bhorajamua, Binjha, Brahmotara, Dondiya, Jarka, Jarka, Khijuriya, Kusumthar, Magadih, Mahapur, Sonaraithadi and Thadilapra.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://deoghar.nic.in/images/list_gp.pdf | title= List of Gram Panchayats in Deoghar District| work= 2015 update |publisher= Deoghar district administration | accessdate = 6 January 2016}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Sonaraitharhi CD block had a total population of 76,116, all of which were rural. There were 39,394 (52%) males and 36,722 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 14,957. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 7,291 (9.58%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 8,244 (10.83%).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literates in Sona Rai Tharhi CD Block was 35,493 (58.03% of the population over 6 years) out of which 23,072 (65%) were males and 12,421 (35%) were females. The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 30%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Deoghar district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Sona Rai Thari block (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|71.10}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|27.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Sarnaism|Sarna]]|maroon|0.90}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.49}}
}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Sona Rai Thari block (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value1 = 86.54 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 8.61 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.25 |color3 = green
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 1.71 |color4 = orange
|other = y |other-label = Others |other-color = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 86.54% of the population spoke [[Khortha language|Khortha]], 8.61% [[Santali language|Santali]], 2.25% Urdu and 1.71% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
50-60% of the population of Deoghar district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Pakur, Sahebganj and Garhwa districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref> [[Rural poverty]] in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Sonaraithari CD block'''
|value1 = 24.51
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 42.92
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 16.18
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 16.39
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Sonaraithari CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,139 and formed 24.51%, agricultural labourers numbered 16,000 and formed 42.92%, household industry workers numbered 6,032 and formed 16.18% and other workers numbered 6,110 and formed 16.39%. Total workers numbered 37,281 and formed 48.98% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 38,835 and formed 51.02% of total population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar | work = Tables 34, 30 Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 census| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 1 November 2020 }}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf| title= District Census Handbook 2011 Deoghar, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Page 12: Census Concepts |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 196 inhabited villages in Sonaraithari CD block. In 2011, 167 villages had power supply. 25 villages had treated or untreated tap water, 177 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 174 villages had hand pumps, and 15 villages had no drinking water facility. 14 villages had post offices, 6 villages had sub post offices, 2 villages had telephones (land lines), 13 villages had public call offices and 67 villages had mobile phone coverage. 4 villages had bank branches, 196 villages had [[Automated teller machine|ATMs]], 2 villages had agricultural credit societies. 38 villages had [[public distribution system]], 14 villages had weekly haat (market) and 47 villages had [[Polling place|assembly polling stations]].<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 1123-1126 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
The agricultural sector absorbs around two-thirds of the workforce in the district. In Sonaraithari CD block, the cultivable area formed 41.32% of the total area, and the irrigated area formed 22.79% of the cultivable area.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Table 34 distribution of workers by sex in four categories of economic activity in CD blocks, 2011, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use, 2011| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

Jungles in the plain areas have almost been cleared and even hills are becoming naked in an area once known for its extensive forests.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2005_PART_A_DCHB_DEOGHAR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Deoghar, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 11: Forest, Flora and Fauna| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Deoghar district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | accessdate = 1 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | accessdate = 1 November 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Sonaraithari CD block had 46 villages with pre-primary schools, 108 villages with primary schools, 26 villages with middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 86 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
Sonaraithari CD block had 10 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 8 villages with primary health subcentres, 1 village with maternity and child welfare centre, 1 village with TB clinic, 1 village with allopathic hospital, 10 villages with veterinary hospitals, 1 village with family welfare centre, 9 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Deoghar district]]

Bombae

2025-08-20T05:34:57Z

Notthetag: Added Data

{{Short description|Indian-Canadian drag performer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bombae
| image = Bombae performing during Queens and Kings of Pride, Windsor-Essex Pride Fest, 2025-08-09 40.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Bombae performing in 2025
| birth_name = Mudit Ganguly<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebeavertoronto.com/event/bricks-glitter-w-ty/ |title=It's All A DRAG! Showcase |website=thebeavertoronto.com |publisher=The Beaver |access-date=October 14, 2023}}</ref>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Drag queen]]
| television = ''[[Canada's Drag Race]]'' ([[Canada's Drag Race (season 3)|season 3]])
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Bombae''' is the stage name of '''Mudit Ganguly''', an Indian-Canadian [[Drag (entertainment)|drag]] performer who competed on [[Canada's Drag Race (season 3)|season 3]] of ''[[Canada's Drag Race]]''.<ref name="Guerra">{{Cite web |last=Guerra |first=Joey |title='Canada's Drag Race Q&A: Bombae talks Aziz Ansari and Megan Thee Stallion |url=https://preview.houstonchronicle.com/movies-tv/canada-s-drag-race-q-a-bombae-17384500 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Houston Chronicle |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016223100/https://preview.houstonchronicle.com/movies-tv/canada-s-drag-race-q-a-bombae-17384500 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Szelinski |first=Cailyn |date=2022-06-29 |title=Canada's Drag Race: Where To Find The Season 3 Queens on Social Media |url=https://screenrant.com/canadas-drag-race-season-3-queens-social-media/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717031703/https://screenrant.com/canadas-drag-race-season-3-queens-social-media/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Bombae is a [[Drag (entertainment)|drag]] performer. She watched drag through internationally televised episodes of ''[[Ru Paul's Drag Race]]'' while living in India. After moving to [[Toronto]], Ontario, she began to attend live shows. In the late 2010s, she first performed during [[Pride Toronto]]. After receiving positive feedback, she decided to continue.<ref name="Guerra"/> Her [[Drag queen#Drag mother|drag mother]] is [[Halal Bae]].<ref name="Xtra1"/> Russ Martin of ''[[Xtra Magazine]]'' described her style as "deeply weird and wonderful".<ref name="Xtra1"/> When asked to describe her style in three words, Bombae chose "Chaotic. Disaster. Model."<ref name="Narcity"/>

Bombae competed on [[Canada's Drag Race (season 3)|season 3]] of ''[[Canada's Drag Race]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-08 |title=Bombae & Irma Gerd Discuss Their Unique 'Canada's Drag Race' Journeys • Instinct Magazine |url=https://instinctmagazine.com/bombae-irma-gerd-discuss-their-unique-canadas-drag-race-journeys/ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Instinct Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016223102/https://instinctmagazine.com/bombae-irma-gerd-discuss-their-unique-canadas-drag-race-journeys/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Xtra1">{{Cite web |last1=Howse |first1=Lito |last2=Martin |first2=Russ |title='Canada's Drag Race' Season 3: 'After the Sashay' with Bombae |work=Xtra Magazine |url=https://xtramagazine.com/video/canadas-drag-race-season-3-after-the-sashay-with-bombae-2-234525 |date=2022-08-22 |access-date=2023-10-16 |language=en-CA |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312064525/https://xtramagazine.com/video/canadas-drag-race-season-3-after-the-sashay-with-bombae-2-234525 |url-status=live }}</ref> impersonating [[Aziz Ansari]] for the [[Snatch Game]] challenge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here's Why Bombae Couldn't Play Justin Trudeau For Snatch Game |url=https://www.out.com/television/2022/11/09/heres-why-bombae-couldnt-play-justin-trudeau-snatch-game |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.out.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811121208/https://www.out.com/television/2022/11/09/heres-why-bombae-couldnt-play-justin-trudeau-snatch-game |url-status=live }}</ref> Bombae left the season after a challenge in which contestants had to brand themselves through makeup palettes.<ref name="Xtra1"/> Regarding the end of her time on ''Drag Race'', Bombae indicated that she felt her makeup had been misunderstood, but expressed willingness to return for an all-stars series.<ref name="Xtra1"/>

Bombae's Indian heritage influenced her drag. During her ''Drag Race'' season, she wore an outfit inspired by [[Kathakali]], a traditional [[Indian dance]], for a section titled "Goddesses of the Ancient World".<ref name="Narcity">{{cite web|title=Canada's Drag Race Queen Bombae Says It Felt 'Really Good' To Rep Indian Culture On TV | last=Arsenych |first=Alex |date=2022-08-19 |accessdate=2025-08-19 |url=https://www.narcity.com/toronto/canadas-drag-race-queen-bombae-says-it-felt-really-good-to-rep-indian-culture-on-tv |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819210307/https://www.narcity.com/toronto/canadas-drag-race-queen-bombae-says-it-felt-really-good-to-rep-indian-culture-on-tv |archivedate=2022-08-19}} </ref> Her final runway performance on ''Drag Race'' drew from the colours of the [[Hindu]] holiday of [[Holi]].<ref name="Guerra"/> Bombae has stated that she wants gay people from South Asia to take her as an example of being able to live openly by leaving the region,<ref name="Xtra1"/> as well as to use her performances to make people think about drag, gender, culture.<ref name="Narcity"/>

== Personal life ==
Bombae lives in Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-08-17 |title=One Day in Toronto: Canada's Drag Race queen Bombae |url=https://eatnorth.com/eat-north/one-day-toronto-canadas-drag-race-queen-bombae |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Eat North |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529163220/https://eatnorth.com/eat-north/one-day-toronto-canadas-drag-race-queen-bombae |url-status=live }}</ref> She relocated from Mumbai in 2016. She uses the pronouns ''she''/''her'' in drag. She has streamed a series titled ''The Gays Are Fighting'' on [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] with Russ Martin , with elements including "helium karaoke [and] frat party drinking games".<ref name="Xtra1" />

==Filmography==
===Television===
* ''[[Canada's Drag Race]]'' ([[Canada's Drag Race (season 3)|season 3]])
* ''[[Bring Back My Girls]]'' (2023)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Bombae}}

{{Canada's Drag Race}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Canada's Drag Race contestants]]
[[Category:Canadian drag queens]]
[[Category:Drag performers from Toronto]]
[[Category:Indian drag queens]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Entertainers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Article 309 of the Constitution of India

2025-06-28T07:51:14Z

Notthetag: Created a redirect

#REDIRECT [[Constitution of India#Structure]]
[[Category:Articles of Part XIV of the Constitution of India]]

Jalalpur, Malda

2025-05-27T20:56:10Z

Notthetag: started new article...

{{other uses|Jalalpur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jalalpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.895276|N|88.070345|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.0273
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5460
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (For language and religion details see [[Kaliachak I#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732206
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 03512
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Sujapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sujapur]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jalalpur''' is a [[census town]] and [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Kaliachak I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|24|57|0|N|88|1|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the southern portion of Malda district (including Kaliachak I, Kaliachak II, Kaliachak III, Manikchak and English Bazar CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|0|54|N|88|7|0|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Bagbari | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bagbari]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|52|46|N|88|2|5|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Baliadanga| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Baliadanga]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|51|4|N|88|1|51|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Alipur| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Alipur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|53|37|N|88|5|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bamangram| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bamangram]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|54|16|N|88|5|57|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bara Suzapur| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bara Suzapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|55|10|N|88|4|56|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chaspara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chaspara]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|55|55|N|88|5|37|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Chhota |labela7= Suzapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chhota Suzapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|53|30|N|88|2|54|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Jadupur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Jadupur]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|49|44|N|87|56|43|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Jagannathpur| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Jagannathpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|54|18|N|88|3|50|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jalalpur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=Jalalpur, Malda (CT)|shape-color10=black| label-size10=13|label-color10=black 
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|50|4|N|88|0|40|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Karari Chandpur| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Karari Chandpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|47|34|N|87|59|40|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Krishnapur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Krishnapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|25|1|7|N|87|59|59|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Milki| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Milki Town]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|55|10|N|88|6|29|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Nazirpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Nazirpur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|52|45|N|88|1|6|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silampur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Silampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|59|14|N|88|7|2|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonatala| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Sonatala, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|0|42|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Malda| numbered17=M| mark-title17=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color17= #800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|25|3|26|N|88|8|11|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Old Malda| numbered18=M| mark-title18=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color18= #800000
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Farakka Barrage| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|50|30|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Baisnabnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Baisnabnagar, Malda]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|58|35|N|88|0|9|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bangitola| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Bangitola]] (R) |shape-color21=#C40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|48|40|N|87|59|43|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Bedrabad| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bedrabad]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|7|50|N|87|52|15|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bhutni| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Bhutni, Malda]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|49|23|N|87|59|19|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Dariapur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Dariapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|52|5|N|88|1|29|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Kaliachak| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Kaliachak]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|50|47|N|88|8|26|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Mahadipur|labela26= checkpoint| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Mahadipur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|4|53|N|87|53|56|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Manikchak| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Manikchak, Malda]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|56|4|N|88|2|33|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Mothabari| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Mathabari]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|6|37|N|87|53|24|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Mathurapur| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Mathurapur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|56|55|N|87|58|39|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= Panchanandapur| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Panchanandapur]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|49|0|N|87|57|17|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31= Pubarun| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Pubarun]] (R) |shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|59|37|N|88|2|24|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Sattari| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Sattari, West Bengal]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|51|17|N|88|0|2|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Sultanganj| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Sultanganj, Malda]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|52|0|N|88|8|0|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Gauda | mark-title34= [[Gauḍa (city)]] (H)| numbered34=H |shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|5|0|N|88|6|0|E}}|label35=Mahananda|labela35= River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=45| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|1|30|N|87|55|0|E}}|label36= Ganges River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=30| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|mark-coord37={{coord|25|3|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label37= Tangon River| label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37=-60| label-pos37=top| label-size37=10| mark-size37=0| mark-title37 =none
|mark-coord38={{coord|25|3|20|N|88|2|0|E}}|label38= Kalindri |labela38= River| label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38=-10| label-pos38=top| label-size38=10| mark-size38=0| mark-title38 =none
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|57|33|N|87|59|30|E}} | label-pos39=right|label39= Birodhi| numbered39=CT| mark-title39=[[Birodhi]] (CT)
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|55|0|N|88|11|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|24|50|0|N|87|51|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

===Location===
Jalalpur is located at {{coord|24.895276|N|88.070345|E|display=inline}}.

According to the map of Kaliachak CD block in the ''District Census Handbook, Maldah'', 2011, [[Chhota Suzapur]], [[Bara Suzapur]], [[Chaspara]], [[Nazirpur, Malda|Nazirpur]], [[Bamangram]] and Jalalpur form a cluster of census towns.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map of Kalichak I CD block, page 639| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 15 August 2021}}</ref>

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjoining map is the physiographic sub-region known as the ''diara''. It "is a relatively well drained flat land formed by the [[Fluvial processes|fluvial]] deposition of newer [[alluvium]]." The most note-worthy feature is the [[Farakka Barrage]] across the Ganges.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The area is a part of the [[Malda Sadar subdivision]], which is an overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural region]], but the area shown in the map has pockets of [[Urbanisation in India|urbanization]] with 17 census towns, concentrated mostly in the [[Kaliachak I]] CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The bank of the [[Ganges]] between [[Bhutni, Malda|Bhutni]] and [[Panchanandapur]] (both the places are marked on the map), is the area worst hit by [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|left bank erosion]], a major problem in the Malda area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | title = A Report on the Impact of Farakka Barrage on the Human Fabric, November 1999 | work = The social impact of erosion, pp 13-14 | first = Manisha | last = Banerjee | publisher = South Asia Network On Dams, Rivers and People, New Delhi: 110 088 India | access-date = 16 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808234303/http://sandrp.in/dams/impct_frka_wcd.pdf | archive-date = 8 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The ruins of [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], capital of several empires, is located in this area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | title = District Human Development Report, Malda | work = pages 3-4: Malda in Historical Perspective | publisher = Department of Planning, Statistics and Programme Monitoring, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 6 November 2018 | archive-date = 19 January 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180119150840/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jalalpur had a total population of 5,460, of which 2,831 (52%) were males and 2,629 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 831. The total number of literate persons in Jalalpur was 3,422 (73.93% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1906_PART_B_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Maldah, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 313617, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 14 August 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Maldah'', 2011, Jalalpur covered an area of 3.0273 km2. It had 13 km roads with open drains. The protected water-supply involved tap water from treated sources, uncovered well. It had 848 domestic electric connections, 9 road lighting points. Among the educational facilities, it had 2 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school in town, the nearest general degree college at [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] 15 km away. It had 5 non-formal education centres (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). It produced silk, [[beedi]]. It had branch office of 1 nationalised bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 775-786; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 775; Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 779-780; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 781-782; Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities: Pages 783-785; Statement VI: Industry & Banking, Page 786 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 8 August 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Jalalpur High School is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-medium coeducational institution established in 1973. It has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 700 books, and 3 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/maldah/19060409702/jalalpur-high-school.html | title = Jalalpur High School | publisher = Schools.org | accessdate = 17 August 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Malda district]]

Masidugudem, Nalgonda district

2025-05-15T00:58:07Z

Notthetag: expand structure and updated info for accuracy

{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Masidugudem
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2000
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 200
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 508252
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
''' Maseed Gudem''' is a village in [[Nalgonda district]] in [[Telangana]], India. It falls under [[Choutuppal]] mandal.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalgonda district]]

{{Nalgonda-geo-stub}}