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2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2026-05-08T07:10:14Z

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{{short description|none}}
{{For|Lok Sabha elections|2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| type = legislative
| country = India
| ongoing = no
| turnout = 33,838,349 (81.86%) {{increase}} 1.47%<ref>{{Cite news |title=AP Registers Overall 81.86 % Voter Turnout: CEO Mukesh Kumar Meena |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-registers-overall-8186-voter-turnout-ceo-mukesh-kumar-meena-894064 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |date=15 May 2024 |access-date=15 May 2024 |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515115047/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-registers-overall-8186-voter-turnout-ceo-mukesh-kumar-meena-894064 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| majority_seats = 88
| seats_for_election = All 175 seats in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| registered = 41,333,702
| election_date = 13 May 2024
| previous_year = 2019
| previous_election = 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2029
| next_election = Next Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| outgoing_members = 15th Andhra Pradesh Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly
| elected_members = 16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly#Members of Legislative Assembly
| opinion_polls = 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election#Opinion polls

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The portrait of CM Shri Nara Chandrababu Naidu.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| party1 = Telugu Desam Party
| alliance1 = Kutami
| leaders_seat1 = [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]] ''(won)''
| leader_since1 = 1995
| last_election1 = 23 seats, 39.17%
| seats1 = '''135'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 112
| popular_vote1 = '''15,384,576'''
| percentage1 = '''45.60%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 6.43 [[percentage points|pp]]

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The portrait of Pawan Kalyan (2024).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Pawan Kalyan]]
| leader_since2 = 2014
| party2 = Janasena Party
| alliance2 = Kutami
| leaders_seat2 = [[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram]] ''(won)''
| last_election2 = 1 seat, 5.53%
| seats2 = 21
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 20
| popular_vote2 = 2,317,747
| percentage2 = 6.87%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 1.32 [[percentage points|pp]]

| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jagan Mohan Reddy.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader4 = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| party4 = YSR Congress Party
| alliance4 = 
| leaders_seat4 = [[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]] ''(won)''
| leader_since4 = 2011
| last_election4 = 151 seats, 49.95%
| seats4 = 11
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 140
| popular_vote4 = 13,284,134
| percentage4 = 39.38%
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 10.57 [[percentage points|pp]]

| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=D. Purandeswari, in New Delhi on February 07, 2013.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader5 = [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| party5 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance5 = Kutami
| leaders_seat5 = ''Did not contest''{{efn|Contested and won from the [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency]] in the simultaneously conducted [[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh]].}}
| leader_since5 = 2023
| last_election5 = 0 seats, 0.84%
| seats5 = 8
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 8
| popular_vote5 = 953,977
| percentage5 = 2.83%
| swing5 = {{increase}} 1.99 [[percentage points|pp]]

| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election results by constituency.svg|350px]] | Results by constituency (shaded)|[[File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election Results Map.svg|350px]] | Results by constituency (winners)|[[File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election Alliance Wise Result Overview Map.svg|350px]] | Results by alliance}}
| map2 = {{Switcher|[[File:India Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly 2024.svg|300px]] | Partywise structure|[[File:India Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Alliance Kutami YSRCP 2024.svg|300px]] | Alliance-wise structure}}
| title = [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| before_party = YSR Congress Party
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] after election
| after_party = Telugu Desam Party
| after_election = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
}}
The '''2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election''' was held in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] on 13 May 2024 for constituting the [[16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|sixteenth Andhra Pradesh Assembly]]. They were held alongside the [[2024 Indian general election]]. The election results were declared on 4 June 2024.
[[File:Drinking Water Stall by ECI SVEEP.jpg|alt=Drinking water stall by ECI SVEEP in Vizag to increase voter awareness.|thumb|Drinking water stall by ECI SVEEP in Vizag to increase voter awareness]]
The political alliance [[Kutami]], led by the [[Telugu Desam Party]], won the election in a [[Landslide (politics)|landslide]], winning 164 of the 175 seats. The [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) won 135 out of 144 contested seats.<ref>{{Cite news |editor=((10TV Digital Team)) |date=2024-06-04 |script-title=te:ఏపీలో వార్ వన్‌సైడ్.. 8 జిల్లాల్లో కూటమి క్లీన్‌స్వీప్, 90శాతం సీట్లు కైవసం.. జిల్లాల వారీగా వివరాలు |trans-title=War one-sided in AP.. Alliance clean sweeps in 8 districts, wins 90 percent seats.. District-wise details |url=https://10tv.in/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/ap-election-2024-results-tdp-janasena-bjp-alliance-sensational-win-district-wise-details-830591.html |access-date=2024-10-06 |work=10TV |language=te-IN |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007101947/https://10tv.in/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/ap-election-2024-results-tdp-janasena-bjp-alliance-sensational-win-district-wise-details-830591.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In comparison, the [[Janasena Party]] (JSP) won all the 21 seats it contested and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) won 8 out of 10 contested seats. The incumbent [[YSR Congress Party]] (YSRCP) only won 11 seats.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Poll: TDP wins 135 Seats, Jana Sena 21, BJP 8; Chandrababu Congratulates PM Modi |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/tdp-is-leading-on-127-seats-and-bjp-on-7-in-andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-enn24060403346 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907045611/https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!bharat/tdp-is-leading-on-127-seats-and-bjp-on-7-in-andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-enn24060403346 |archive-date=2024-09-07 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref> The [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA) comprising [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)) failed to win any seats, for the third time continuously in a row.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=AP Election Results 2024 LIVE: TDP in the Lead Check District-wise Results of Andhra Pradesh Lok Sabha Elections at results.eci.gov.in |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/andhra-pradesh-election-result-2024-check-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-district-wise-results-at-results-eci-gov-in-1717469629-1 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606215715/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/andhra-pradesh-election-result-2024-check-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-district-wise-results-at-results-eci-gov-in-1717469629-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Background==
The tenure of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] was scheduled to end on 11 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Terms of the Houses|url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|access-date=25 June 2022|publisher=Election Commission of India|language=en-IN|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|previous assembly elections]] were held in April 2019. After the 2019 election, [[YSR Congress Party]] formed the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|state government]], with [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] becoming the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-30 |title=Jagan Mohan Reddy takes oath as Andhra Pradesh CM after landslide victory |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jagan-mohan-reddy-takes-oath-as-andhra-pradesh-cm/story-PxqClGaWwwGofpf2rWvv5M.html |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211113010030/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jagan-mohan-reddy-takes-oath-as-andhra-pradesh-cm/story-PxqClGaWwwGofpf2rWvv5M.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2019-05-30 |title=As it happened: Jagan Mohan Reddy swearing-in ceremony {{!}} In the maiden speech, he promises to cleanse administration in a year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/jagan-mohan-reddy-swearing-in-ceremony-live-updates/article27312849.ece |access-date=2024-05-20 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=18 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218070713/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/jagan-mohan-reddy-swearing-in-ceremony-live-updates/article27312849.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Schedule==
[[File:2024 Election advertisements by Election Commission in Darsi.jpg|thumb|2024 election outdoor advertisements by Election Commission in Darsi]]
The schedule of the election was announced by the [[Election Commission of India]] on 16 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-16 |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Polls to be held on May 13: Complete schedule |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-to-be-held-on-may-13-complete-schedule-101710580330610.html |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416214709/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-to-be-held-on-may-13-complete-schedule-101710580330610.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-16 |title=Andhra Pradesh assembly election 2024: Date, time, schedule |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-2024-date-time-schedule/articleshow/108544952.cms |access-date=2024-06-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613141255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-2024-date-time-schedule/articleshow/108544952.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Poll event<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh 2024 Schedule |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-andhra.html |access-date=13 June 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507223751/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-andhra.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Date
|-
| Date of announcement
| 16 March 2024
|-
| Notification date
| 18 April 2024
|-
| Last date for filing nomination
| 25 April 2024
|-
| Scrutiny of nomination
| 26 April 2024
|-
| Last date for withdrawal of nomination
| 29 April 2024
|-
| Date of poll
| '''13 May 2024'''
|-
| Date of counting of votes
| '''4 June 2024'''
|}

==Parties and alliances==
<gallery mode="nolines" widths="220" heights="220">
File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election — Seat distribution of NDA.svg|Seat distribution of [[Kutami]]
File:2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election — Seat distribution of INDIA.svg|Seat distribution of [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
</gallery>
{| class="wikitable " width="50%" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="4" | Alliance/Party
! Flag
! Symbol
! Leader
! colspan="2" | Seats contested
|-
| rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| rowspan="3" | '''[[Kutami]]'''
| {{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| [[File:Telugu Desam Party Flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50px]]
| [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| 144
| rowspan="3" | 175<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2024-03-11 |title=Lok Sabha elections: BJP, TDP reach seat-sharing deal in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lok-sabha-elections-bjp-tdp-reach-seat-sharing-deal-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/108407344.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416221221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lok-sabha-elections-bjp-tdp-reach-seat-sharing-deal-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/108407344.cms |archive-date=16 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-12 |title=BJP seals Andhra poll pact with TDP and JSP; gets 6 Lok Sabha, 10 assembly seats to contest |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjptdpjsp-finalise-seat-sharing-formula-in-andhra-pradesh-for-lok-sabha-state-polls-101710201942756.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404004148/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjptdpjsp-finalise-seat-sharing-formula-in-andhra-pradesh-for-lok-sabha-state-polls-101710201942756.html |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party]]
| [[File:Janasena Party Flag.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian election symbol glass tumbler.svg|50px]]
| [[Pawan Kalyan]]
| 21
|-
| {{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| [[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| 10
|-
| rowspan=3 {{party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| rowspan="3" | '''[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]'''
| {{party colour cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| [[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
| [[Y. S. Sharmila]]
| 159
| rowspan="3" | 175<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-24 |title=Cong to tie-up with Left parties for LS, Andhra polls: Sharmila |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cong-to-tie-up-with-left-parties-for-ls-andhra-polls-sharmila-101708716626441.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319141014/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cong-to-tie-up-with-left-parties-for-ls-andhra-polls-sharmila-101708716626441.html |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-23 |title=Y. S. Sharmila says Congress and Left parties will fight elections together in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/y-s-sharmila-says-congress-and-left-parties-will-fight-elections-together-in-andhra-pradesh/article67878021.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223155427/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/y-s-sharmila-says-congress-and-left-parties-will-fight-elections-together-in-andhra-pradesh/article67878021.ece |archive-date=23 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| [[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPIM election symbol.png|50px]]
| [[V. Srinivasa Rao]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-30 |title=V Srinivasa Rao CPM's new Andhra Pradesh state secretary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Dec/30/v-srinivasa-rao-cpms-new-andhra-pradesh-state-secretary-2401181.html |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416222746/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2021/Dec/30/v-srinivasa-rao-cpms-new-andhra-pradesh-state-secretary-2401181.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| 8<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-13 |title=CPI(M) to contest in 1 Lok Sabha seat, 8 assembly seats in Andhra as part of INDIA alliance |url=https://www.news9live.com/state/andhra-pradesh/cpim-to-contest-in-1-lok-sabha-seat-8-assembly-seats-in-andhra-as-part-of-india-alliance-2497750 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=News9live |language=en-US |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416221226/https://www.news9live.com/state/andhra-pradesh/cpim-to-contest-in-1-lok-sabha-seat-8-assembly-seats-in-andhra-as-part-of-india-alliance-2497750 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| [[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
| [[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[K. Ramakrishna]]
| 8<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-06 |title=Under INDIA Alliance, AP CPI Gets 1 LS, 8 Assembly Seats |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/under-india-alliance-ap-cpi-gets-1-ls-8-assembly-seats-888562 |access-date=2024-04-16 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | language=en |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406023049/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/under-india-alliance-ap-cpi-gets-1-ls-8-assembly-seats-888562 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{party colour cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| colspan="3" | [[YSR Congress Party]]
|
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Ceiling Fan.svg|50px]]
| [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| colspan="2" | 175
|}

== Candidates ==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" | District
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |[[Kutami|Kutami]]
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}" |[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|-
! No.
! Name
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<ref>{{Cite news|title=YSRCP release second list|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/jagan-mohan-reddys-ysrcp-releases-second-list-of-27-candidates-details-article-106493863|website=TimesNow|date=2 January 2024|language=en|access-date=16 January 2024|archive-date=22 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122192754/https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/jagan-mohan-reddys-ysrcp-releases-second-list-of-27-candidates-details-article-106493863|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-13 |title=Jagan drops 10 more MLAs in the third candidate list |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jagan-drops-10-more-mlas-in-the-third-candidate-list-101705088457495.html |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128031327/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/jagan-drops-10-more-mlas-in-the-third-candidate-list-101705088457495.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-02-24 |title=A.P. Assembly elections: TDP-JSP alliance releases first list of candidates |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-assembly-elections-tdp-jsp-alliance-releases-first-list-of-candidates/article67881974.ece |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224150523/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ap-assembly-elections-tdp-jsp-alliance-releases-first-list-of-candidates/article67881974.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Party ||Candidate<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-09 |title=Congress releases a list of candidates for Lok Sabha, Assembly polls in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/congress-releases-a-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-and-assembly-polls-of-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/109171773.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421145405/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/congress-releases-a-list-of-candidates-for-lok-sabha-and-assembly-polls-of-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/109171773.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-07 |title=AP: CPI Announced Candidates for Lok Sabha Elections |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/cpi-announced-candidates-for-lok-sabha-elections-888717 |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | language=en |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425053134/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/cpi-announced-candidates-for-lok-sabha-elections-888717 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
! 1
|[[Ichchapuram Assembly constituency|Ichchapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Piriya Vijaya
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Ashok Bendalam|Bendalam Ashok]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Masupatri Chakravarthy Reddy
|-
! 2
|[[Palasa Assembly constituency|Palasa]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Seediri Appalaraju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gouthu Sireesha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Majji Trinadh Babu
|-
! 3
|[[Tekkali Assembly constituency|Tekkali]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Duvvada Srinivas
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Killi Krupa Rani|Killi Kruparani]]
|-
! 4
|[[Pathapatnam Assembly constituency|Pathapatnam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Reddy Shanthi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Mamidi Govinda Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Koppurothu Venkata Rao
|-
! 5
|[[Srikakulam Assembly constituency|Srikakulam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Dharmana Prasada Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gondu Shankar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Ambati Krishna Rao
|-
! 6
|[[Amadalavalasa Assembly constituency|Amadalavalasa]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Thammineni Seetharam]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Koona Ravi Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sannapala Annajirao
|-
! 7
|[[Etcherla Assembly constituency|Etcherla]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Gorle Kiran Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[Nadukuditi Eswara Rao|Nadikuditi Eswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Karimajji Malleswar Rao
|-
! 8
|[[Narasannapeta Assembly constituency|Narasannapeta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Dharmana Krishna Das]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Baggu Ramanamurthy|Baggu Ramana Murthy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Mantri Narasimha Murthy
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
! 9
|[[Rajam Assembly constituency|Rajam]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Tale Rajesh
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kondru Murali Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kambala Rajavardhan
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
! 10
|[[Palakonda Assembly constituency|Palakonda]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Viswasarayi Kalavathi]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Nimmaka Jaya Krishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sarava Chanti Babu
|-
! 11
|[[Kurupam Assembly constituency|Kurupam]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Pamula Pushpa Sreevani]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Toyaka Jagadeeswari
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||M. Ramana
|-
! 12
|[[Parvathipuram Assembly constituency|Parvathipuram]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Alajangi Jogarao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bonela Vijaya Chandra|Bonela Vijay Chandra]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Battina Mohan Rao
|-
! 13
|[[Salur Assembly constituency|Salur]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Peedika Rajanna Dora]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gummidi Sandhyarani]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Muvvala Pushpa Rao
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
! 14
|[[Bobbili Assembly constituency|Bobbili]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[S. V. China Appala Naidu|Sambangi Venkata China Appalanaidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Ravu Venkata Swetha Chalapathi Kumara Krishna Rangarao|Ravu Venkata Swetha Kumara Krishna Ranga Rao (BabyNayana)]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Maripi Vidyasagar
|-
! 15
|[[Cheepurupalli Assembly constituency|Cheepurupalli]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Botsa Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kimidi Kalavenkata Rao|Kimidi Kala Venkat Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Aadi Narayana Jammu
|-
! 16
|[[Gajapathinagaram Assembly constituency|Gajapathinagaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Botcha Appalanarasayya]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kondapalli Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Dola Srinivas
|-
! 17
|[[Nellimarla Assembly constituency|Nellimarla]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Baddukonda Appala Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Lokam Naga Madhavi]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Saragada Ramesh Kumar
|-
! 18
|[[Vizianagaram Assembly constituency|Vizianagaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kolagatla Veerabhadra Swamy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Pusapati Aditi Vijayalakshmi]] Gajapathi Raju
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Satish Kumar Sunkari
|-
! 19
|[[Srungavarapukota Assembly constituency|Srungavarapukota]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kadubandi Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gedela Tirupathi
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
! 20
|[[Bheemili Assembly constituency|Bhimili]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Addala Venkata Varma Raju
|-
! 21
|[[Visakhapatnam East Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam East]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Velagapudi Ramakrishna Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Guthula Srinivas Rao
|-
! 22
|[[Visakhapatnam South Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam South]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Vasupalli Ganesh Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Vamsi Krishna Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Vasupalli Santosh
|-
! 23
|[[Visakhapatnam North Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam North]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Kammila Kannaparaju
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Lakkaraju Rama Rao
|-
! 24
|[[Visakhapatnam West Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam West]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Adari Anand Kumar
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[P. G. V. R. Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||Attili Vimala
|-
! 25
|[[Gajuwaka Assembly constituency|Gajuwaka]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Gudivada Amarnath]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Palla Srinivasa Rao Yadav|Palla Srinivas Rao Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||Maradana Jaggunaidu
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 26
|[[Chodavaram Assembly constituency|Chodavaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Karanam Dharmasri]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kalidindi Suryana Naga Sanyasi Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Jagat Srinivas
|-
! 27
|[[Madugula Assembly constituency|Madugula]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Eerli Anuradha
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bandaru Satyanarayana Murthy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||BBS Srinivas Rao
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
! 28
|[[Araku Valley Assembly constituency|Araku Valley]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Regam Mathsyalingam
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||Pangi Rajarao
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Setti Gangadharaswamy
|-
! 29
|[[Paderu Assembly constituency|Paderu]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||M. Visweswara Raju
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Giddi Eswari]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sataka Bullibabu
|-
| [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 30
|[[Anakapalli Assembly constituency|Anakapalli]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Malasala Bharath Kumar
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Illa Rama Gangadhara Rao
|-
| [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
! 31
|[[Pendurthi Assembly constituency|Pendurthi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Annamreddy Adeep Raj]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Panchakarla Ramesh Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Piridi Bhagat
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 32
|[[Elamanchili Assembly constituency|Elamanchili]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kanna Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Sundarapu Vijay Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Tar Narsing Rao
|-
! 33
|[[Payakaraopet Assembly constituency|Payakaraopet]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kambala Jogulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Vangalapudi Anitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Boni Tata Rao
|-
! 34
|[[Narsipatnam Assembly constituency|Narsipatnam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Uma Shankar Ganesh
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Ruthala Sriramamurthy
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 35
|[[Tuni Assembly constituency|Tuni]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Dadisetti Ramalingeswara Rao|Dadisetty Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Yanamala Divya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gelam Srinivasa Rao
|-
! 36
|[[Prathipadu, Kakinada Assembly constituency|Prathipadu (Kakinada)]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Varupula Subbarao
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Varupula Satyaprabha|Varupula Satya Prabha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||N. V. V. Satyanarayana
|-
! 37
|[[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Vanga Geetha]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Pawan Kalyan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Madepalli Satyananda Rao
|-
! 38
|[[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency|Kakinada Rural]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kurasala Kannababu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Pantham Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pilli Satya Lakshmi
|-
! 39
|[[Peddapuram Assembly constituency|Peddapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Davuluru Dora Babu
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nimmakayala Chinarajappa]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Dorababu Tummala
|-
| [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 40
|[[Anaparthy Assembly constituency|Anaparthy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Sathi Suryanarayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[Nallamilli Ramakrishna Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Yella Srinivasa Rao
|-
| [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 41
|[[Kakinada City Assembly constituency|Kakinada City]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Dwarampudi Chandrasekhar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Vanamadi Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Chekka Nookaraju
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
! 42
|[[Ramachandrapuram Assembly constituency|Ramachandrapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Pilli Surya Prakash
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Vasamsetti Subhash]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kota Srinivasa Rao
|-
! 43
|[[Mummidivaram Assembly constituency|Mummidivaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Ponnada Venkata Satish Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Datla Subbaraju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Palepu Dharma Rao
|-
! 44
|[[Amalapuram Assembly constituency|Amalapuram]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Pinipe Viswarup]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Aithabathula Anandarao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Aithabathula Subhashini
|-
! 45
|[[Razole Assembly constituency|Razole]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Gollapalli Surya Rao
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Deva Varaprasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sarella Prasanna Kumar
|-
! 46
|[[Gannavaram, Konaseema Assembly constituency|Gannavaram (Konaseema)]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Vipparthi Venugopal Rao
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Giddi Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kondeti Chittibabu
|-
! 47
|[[Kothapeta Assembly constituency|Kothapeta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Chirla Jaggireddy|Chirla Jaggi Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bandaru Satyananda Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Routhu Eswara Rao
|-
! 48
|[[Mandapeta Assembly constituency|Mandapeta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Thota Trimurthulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[V. Jogeswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Kamana Prabhakara Rao]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 49
|[[Rajanagaram Assembly constituency|Rajanagaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Jakkampudi Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||Battula Balarama Krishna
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Mundru Venkata Srinivas
|-
! 50
|[[Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency|Rajahmundry City]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Margani Bharat]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Adireddy Vasu
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Boda Lakshmi Venkata Prasanna
|-
! 51
|[[Rajahmundry Rural Assembly constituency|Rajahmundry Rural]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[C. S. Venugopala Krishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Balepalli Muralidhar
|-
| [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 52
|[[Jaggampeta Assembly constituency|Jaggampeta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Thota Narasimham]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Jyothula Nehru]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Marothi VV Ganeswara Rao
|-
| [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
! 53
|[[Rampachodavaram Assembly constituency|Rampachodavaram]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Nagulapalli Dhanalakshmi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Miryala Sirisha Devi
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||Lotha Rama Rao
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 54
|[[Kovvur Assembly constituency|Kovvur]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Talari Venkat Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Muppidi Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Arigela Aruna Kumari
|-
! 55
|[[Nidadavole Assembly constituency|Nidadavole]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||G. Srinivas Naidu
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Kandula Durgesh]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Peddireddi Subba Rao
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
! 56
|[[Achanta Assembly constituency|Achanta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Cherukuvada Sri Ranganadha Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Satyanarayana Pithani|Pithani Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Nekkanti Venkata Satyanarayana
|-
! 57
|[[Palakollu Assembly constituency|Palakollu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Gudala Gopi
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nimmala Rama Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kolukuluri Arjun Rao
|-
! 58
|[[Narasapuram Assembly constituency|Narasapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Mudunuri Prasad Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||Bommidi Nayakar
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kanuri Udaya Baskara Krishna Prasad
|-
! 59
|[[Bhimavaram Assembly constituency|Bhimavaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Grandhi Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Pulaparthi Ramanjaneyulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Ankem Seetaramu
|-
! 60
|[[Undi Assembly constituency|Undi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||P. V. L. Narasimha Raju
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Vegesha Venkata Gopala Krishnam
|-
! 61
|[[Tanuku Assembly constituency|Tanuku]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Karumuri Venkata Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Arimilli Radha Krishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kadali Rama Rao
|-
! 62
|[[Tadepalligudem Assembly constituency|Tadepalligudem]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kottu Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Bolisetti Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Marneedi Sekhar
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 63
|[[Unguturu Assembly constituency|Unguturu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Puppala Vasubabu
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||Patsmatla Dharmaraju
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pathapati Hari Kumara Raju
|-
! 64
|[[Denduluru Assembly constituency|Denduluru]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kotaru Abbaya Chowdary]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Alapati Narasimha Murthy
|-
! 65
|[[Eluru Assembly constituency|Eluru]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Alla Kali Krishna Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Badeti Radha Krishna
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||Bandi Venkateswara Rao
|-
| [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 66
|[[Gopalapuram Assembly constituency|Gopalapuram]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Taneti Vanitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Maddipati Venkata Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sodadasi Martin Luther
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 67
|[[Polavaram Assembly constituency|Polavaram]] (ST)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Tellam Rajyalakshmi
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Chirri Balaraju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Srujana Duvvela
|-
! 68
|[[Chintalapudi Assembly constituency|Chintalapudi]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Kambham Vijayaraju
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Songa Roshan
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Vunnamatla Eliza|Vunnamatla Rakada Eliza]]
|-
| [[NTR district|NTR]]
! 69
|[[Tiruvuru Assembly constituency|Tiruvuru]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Nallagatla Swamy Das]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kolikapudi Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Lam Thantiya Kumari
|-
| [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 70
|[[Nuzvid Assembly constituency|Nuzvid]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Meka Venkata Pratap Apparao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kolusu Parthasarathy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Krishna Maridu
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
! 71
|[[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram (Krishna)]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Vallabhaneni Vamsi Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Yarlagadda Venkata Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||K. Venkateswara Rao
|-
! 72
|[[Gudivada Assembly constituency|Gudivada]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kodali Nani|Kodali Sri Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Venigandla Ramu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Vaddadi Govinda Rao
|-
| [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 73
|[[Kaikalur Assembly constituency|Kaikalur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Dulam Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[Kamineni Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Boddu Noble
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
! 74
|[[Pedana Assembly constituency|Pedana]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Uppala Ramu
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kagitha Krishna Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sonti Nagaraju
|-
! 75
|[[Machilipatnam Assembly constituency|Machilipatnam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Perni Krishnamurthy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kollu Ravindra]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Abdul Mateen
|-
! 76
|[[Avanigadda Assembly constituency|Avanigadda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Simhadri Ramesh Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Mandali Buddha Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Andee Srirama Murthy
|-
! 77
|[[Pamarru Assembly constituency|Pamarru]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kaile Anil Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Varla Kumar Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||D. Y. Das
|-
! 78
|[[Penamaluru Assembly constituency|Penamaluru]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Jogi Ramesh]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bode Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Elisala Subrahmanyam
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[NTR district|NTR]]
! 79
|[[Vijayawada West Assembly constituency|Vijayawada West]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Shaik Asif
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }} ||[[Sujana Chowdary]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||G. Koteswara Rao
|-
! 80
|[[Vijayawada Central Assembly constituency|Vijayawada Central]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Vellampalli Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bonda Umamaheswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||Ch. Babu Rao
|-
! 81
|[[Vijayawada East Assembly constituency|Vijayawada East]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Devineni Avinash]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gadde Rama Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pongupati Nancharayya
|-
! 82
|[[Mylavaram Assembly constituency|Mylavaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Sarnala Tirupathi Rao Yadav
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Vasantha Krishna Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Borra Kiran
|-
! 83
|[[Nandigama Assembly constituency|Nandigama]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Monditoka Jagan Mohana Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Tangirala Sowmya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Manda Vajraiah
|-
! 84
|[[Jaggayyapeta Assembly constituency|Jaggayyapeta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Samineni Udayabhanu|Samineni Udaya Bhanu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Sreeram Rajagopal Tataiah
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Karnati Apparao
|-
| [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
! 85
|[[Pedakurapadu Assembly constituency|Pedakurapadu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Namburu Sankara Rao|Namburu Sankar Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bhashyam Praveen]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pamidi Nageshwar Rao
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 86
|[[Tadikonda Assembly constituency|Tadikonda]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Mekathoti Sucharitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Tenali Sravan Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Manichala Sushil Raja
|-
! 87
|[[Mangalagiri Assembly constituency|Mangalagiri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Murugudu Lavanya
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nara Lokesh]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||Jonna Shiva Shankar
|-
! 88
|[[Ponnur Assembly constituency|Ponnuru]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Ambati Murali
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Dhulipalla Narendra Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Jakka Ravindra Nath
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 89
|[[Vemuru Assembly constituency|Vemuru]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Varikuti Ashok Babu
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nakka Ananda Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Buraga Subba Rao
|-
! 90
|[[Repalle Assembly constituency|Repalle]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Evuru Ganesh
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Anagani Satya Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Mopidevi Srinivas Rao
|-
| [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 91
|[[Tenali Assembly constituency|Tenali]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Annabathuni Siva Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Nadendla Manohar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Chandu Sambasivudu
|-
| [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 92
|[[Bapatla Assembly constituency|Bapatla]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kona Raghupathi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Vegesana Narendra Varma Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Ganta Anji Babu
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 93
|[[Prathipadu, Guntur Assembly constituency|Prathipadu (Guntur)]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Balasani Kiran Kumar
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Burla Ramanjaneyulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Korivi Vinaya Kumar
|-
! 94
|[[Guntur West Assembly constituency|Guntur West]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Vidadala Rajini]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Piduguralla Madhavi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Dr. Rajachakonda John Babu
|-
! 95
|[[Guntur East Assembly constituency|Guntur East]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Shaik Noori Fathima
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Muhammad Nazeer Khan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Mastan Vali|Shaik Mastan Valli]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
! 96
|[[Chilakaluripet Assembly constituency|Chilakaluripet]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||K. Manohar Naidu
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Maddula Radha Krishna
|-
! 97
|[[Narasaraopet Assembly constituency|Narasaraopeta]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Gopireddy Srinivasa Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Chadalavada Aravinda Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Shaik Mahaboob Basha
|-
! 98
|[[Sattenapalle Assembly constituency|Sattenapalle]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Ambati Rambabu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kanna Lakshminarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Chandra Paul Chukka
|-
! 99
|[[Vinukonda Assembly constituency|Vinukonda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Bolla Brahma Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[G. V. Anjaneyulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Chenna Srinivas Rao
|-
! 100
|[[Gurazala Assembly constituency|Gurajala]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kasu Mahesh Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Yarapathineni Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Tiyyagura Yalamanda Reddy
|-
! 101
|[[Macherla Assembly constituency|Macherla]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy|Pinnelli Rama Krishna Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Julakanti Brahmananda Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Yeramala Ramachandra Reddy
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 102
|[[Yerragondapalem Assembly constituency|Yerragondapalem]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Tatiparthi Chandrasekhar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Guduri Erixion Babu
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Budhala Ajitha Rao
|-
! 103
|[[Darsi Assembly constituency|Darsi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Buchepalli Siva Prasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Gottipati Lakshmi
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Putluri Konda Reddy
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 104
|[[Parchur Assembly constituency|Parchur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Yadam Balaji
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Yeluri Sambasiva Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Nallagorla Siva Srilakshmi Jyothi
|-
! 105
|[[Addanki Assembly constituency|Addanki]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Panem Hanimi Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gottipati Ravi Kumar|Gottipati Ravikumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Adusumalli Kishore Babu
|-
! 106
|[[Chirala Assembly constituency|Chirala]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Karanam Venkatesh
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Madduluri Malakondaiah Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Amanchi Krishna Mohan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 107
|[[Santhanuthalapadu Assembly constituency|Santhanuthalapadu]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Merugu Nagarjuna]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[B. N. Vijay Kumar (born 1968)|B. N. Vijay Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Vijesh Raj Palaparthi
|-
! 108
|[[Ongole Assembly constituency|Ongole]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Turakapalli Nagalakshmi
|-
| [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 109
|[[Kandukur Assembly constituency|Kandukur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Burra Madhu Sudhan Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Inturi Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Sayed Gouse Mohiddin
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 110
|[[Kondapi Assembly constituency|Kondapi]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Audimulapu Suresh]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Dola Sree Bala Veeranjaneya Swamy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pasumarthi Sudhakar
|-
! 111
|[[Markapuram Assembly constituency|Markapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Anna Rambabu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kandula Narayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Javeed Anwar
|-
! 112
|[[Giddalur Assembly constituency|Giddalur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||K. P. Nagarjuna Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Muthumula Ashok Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pagadala Pedda Rangaswamy
|-
! 113
|[[Kanigiri Assembly constituency|Kanigiri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Daddala Narayana Yadav
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Mukku Ugra Narasimha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Deverapalli Subbareddy
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 114
|[[Kavali Assembly constituency|Kavali]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Ramireddy Pratap Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Kavya Krishna Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Podalakuri Kalyan
|-
! 115
|[[Atmakur Assembly constituency|Atmakur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Mekapati Vikram Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Anam Ramanarayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Chevuru Sreedhara Reddy
|-
! 116
|[[Kovur Assembly constituency|Kovur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Nallapareddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Vemireddy Prashanti Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Nebrambaka Mohan
|-
! 117
|[[Nellore City Assembly constituency|Nellore City]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Mohammad Khaleel
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Ponguru Narayana]]
| {{Party name with color|CPI(M)}} ||M. Ramesh
|-
! 118
|[[Nellore Rural Assembly constituency|Nellore Rural]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Adala Prabhakara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Shaik Fayaz
|-
! 119
|[[Sarvepalli Assembly constituency|Sarvepalli]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kakani Govardhan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Somireddy Chandra Mohan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||P.V. Srikanth Reddy
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
! 120
|[[Gudur Assembly constituency|Gudur]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Meruga Murali
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Pasam Sunil Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||U Ramakrishna Rao
|-
! 121
|[[Sullurpeta Assembly constituency|Sullurpeta]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kiliveti Sanjeevaiah]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nelavala Vijayasree]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Chandanamudi Shiva
|-
! 122
|[[Venkatagiri Assembly constituency|Venkatagiri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Nedurumalli Ramkumar Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kurugondla Ramakrishna|Korugondla Ramakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Panta Srinivasulu
|-
| [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 123
|[[Udayagiri Assembly constituency|Udayagiri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Mekapati Rajagopal Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kakarla Suresh]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Somu Anilkumar Reddy
|-
| [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
! 124
|[[Badvel Assembly constituency|Badvel]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Dasari Sudha]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||Bojja Roshanna
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Neerugattu Dora Vijaya Jyothi
|-
| [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 125
|[[Rajampet Assembly constituency|Rajampet]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Akepati Amarnath Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Sugavasi Subramanyam
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||Bhukya Viswanath Naik
|-
| [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
! 126
|[[Kadapa Assembly constituency|Kadapa]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Amzath Basha Shaik Bepari]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Reddeppagari Madhavi Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Tumman Kalyal Aszal Alikhan
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 127
|[[Kodur Assembly constituency|Kodur]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Koramutla Sreenivasulu|Koramutla Srinivasulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Arava Sreedhar]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gosala Devi
|-
! 128
|[[Rayachoti Assembly constituency|Rayachoti]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Gadikota Srikanth Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Shaik Alla Bakash
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
! 129
|[[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Mareddy Ravindranatha Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Mulam Reddy Dhruva Kumar Reddy
|-
! 130
|[[Kamalapuram Assembly constituency|Kamalapuram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Pochimareddy Ravindranath Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Putha Krishna Chaitanya Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||Gali Chandra
|-
! 131
|[[Jammalamadugu Assembly constituency|Jammalamadugu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Mule Sudheer Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[C. Adinarayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Brahmanareddy Pamula
|-
! 132
|[[Proddatur Assembly constituency|Proddatur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Rachamallu Siva Prasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nandyala Varada Rajulu Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Shaik Poola Mohammed Nazeer
|-
! 133
|[[Mydukur Assembly constituency|Mydukur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Settipalli Raghurami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Putta Sudhakar Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gundlakunta Sriramulu
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
! 134
|[[Allagadda Assembly constituency|Allagadda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Gangula Brijendra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bhuma Akhila Priya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Baragodla Hussain
|-
! 135
|[[Srisailam Assembly constituency|Srisailam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Silpa Chakrapani Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Budda Rajasekhar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Asar Syed Ismail
|-
! 136
|[[Nandikotkur Assembly constituency|Nandikotkur]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Dara Sudheer
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Githa Jayasurya]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Thoguru Arthur]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
! 137
|[[Kurnool Assembly constituency|Kurnool]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||A. Mohammad Imtiaz Ahmed
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[T. G. Bharath]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Shaik Jelani Basha
|-
! 138
|[[Panyam Assembly constituency|Panyam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Katasani Ramabhupal Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gowru Charitha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} ||D. Ghous Desai
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
! 139
|[[Nandyal Assembly constituency|Nandyal]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Silpa Ravichandra Kishore Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[N. M. D. Farooq]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gokula Krishna Reddy
|-
! 140
|[[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency|Banaganapalle]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Katasani Rami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[B. C. Janardhan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gutam Pullaiah
|-
! 141
|[[Dhone Assembly constituency|Dhone]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Buggana Rajendranath]] Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Garlapati Madhuleti Swami
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
! 142
|[[Pattikonda Assembly constituency|Pattikonda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kangati Sreedevi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[K. E. Shyam Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||P. Ramachandraiah
|-
! 143
|[[Kodumur Assembly constituency|Kodumur]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Audimulapu Sateesh
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Boggula Dastagiri]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Paregella Murali Krishna
|-
! 144
|[[Yemmiganur Assembly constituency|Yemmiganur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Butta Renuka]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Jaya Nageswara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Marumulla Kashim Vali
|-
! 145
|[[Mantralayam Assembly constituency|Mantralayam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Y. Balanagi Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Raghavendra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||P S Murali Krishnaraju
|-
! 146
|[[Adoni Assembly constituency|Adoni]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Y. Sai Prasad Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[P. V. Parthasarathi]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Golla Ramesh
|-
! 147
|[[Alur Assembly constituency|Alur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Busine Virupakshi
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||B. Veerabhadra Gowd
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Naveen Kishore Arakatla
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
! 148
|[[Rayadurg Assembly constituency|Rayadurg]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Mettu Govinda Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||M. B. Chinna Appiah
|-
! 149
|[[Uravakonda Assembly constituency|Uravakonda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Y. Visweswara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Payyavula Keshav]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Y. Madhusudan Reddy
|-
! 150
|[[Guntakal Assembly constituency|Guntakal]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Y. Venkatrama Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gummanur Jayaram]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kavali Prabhakar
|-
! 151
|[[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadipatri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Kethireddy Pedda Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[J.C. Asmit Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Gujjala Nagi Reddy
|-
! 152
|[[Singanamala Assembly constituency|Singanamala]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||M. Veeranjaneyulu
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bandaru Sravani Sree]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[Sake Sailajanath]]
|-
! 153
|[[Anantapur Urban Assembly constituency|Anantapur Urban]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Anantha Venkatarami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Daggupati Venkateswara Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||C. Jafar
|-
! 154
|[[Kalyandurg Assembly constituency|Kalyandurg]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Talari Rangaiah]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Amilineni Surendra Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||P. Rambhupal Reddy
|-
! 155
|[[Raptadu Assembly constituency|Raptadu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Paritala Sunitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Adi Andhra Sankaraiah
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
! 156
|[[Madakasira Assembly constituency|Madakasira]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Eera Lakkappa
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[M. S. Raju (politician)|M. S. Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Karikera Sudhakar
|-
! 157
|[[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||T. N. Deepika
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Mohammad Hussain Inayathulla
|-
! 158
|[[Penukonda Assembly constituency|Penukonda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[K. V. Ushashri Charan]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[S. Savitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||P. Narasimhappa
|-
! 159
|[[Puttaparthi Assembly constituency|Puttaparthi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Duddukunta Sreedhar Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Palle Sindhura Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Madhusudhan Reddy
|-
! 160
|[[Dharmavaram Assembly constituency|Dharmavaram]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} ||[[Satya Kumar Yadav|Y. Satya Kumar Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Rangana Aswardha Narayana
|-
! 161
|[[Kadiri Assembly constituency|Kadiri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||B. S. Maqbool Ahmed
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kandikunta Venkata Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||K. S. Shanwaz
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 162
|[[Thamballapalle Assembly constituency|Thamballapalle]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Peddireddy Dwarkanath Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Jaya Chandra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||M. N. Chandrasekhar Reddy
|-
! 163
|[[Pileru Assembly constituency|Pileru]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Chintala Ramachandra Reddy (born 1964)|Chintala Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy|Nallari Kishore Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||B. Somasekhar Reddy
|-
! 164
|[[Madanapalle Assembly constituency|Madanapalle]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Nissar Ahmed
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Mohammed Shahjahan Basha]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pawan Kumar Reddy
|-
| [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
! 165
|[[Punganur Assembly constituency|Punganur]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||Challa Ramachandra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||G. Murali Mohan Yadav
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
! 166
|[[Chandragiri Assembly constituency|Chandragiri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Chevireddy Mohith Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Kanuparthy Srinivasulu
|-
! 167
|[[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Bhumana Abhinay Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}} ||[[Arani Srinivasulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}} ||P. Murali
|-
! 168
|[[Srikalahasti Assembly constituency|Srikalahasti]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Biyyapu Madhusudhan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Bojjala Sudhir Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pothugunta Rajesh Naidu
|-
! 169
|[[Satyavedu Assembly constituency|Sathyavedu]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Nukatoti Rajesh
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Koneti Adimulam]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Balaguruvam Babu
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
! 170
|[[Nagari Assembly constituency|Nagari]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[Roja Selvamani|R. K. Roja]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gali Bhanu Prakash]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Pochareddy Rakesh Reddy
|-
! 171
|[[Gangadhara Nellore Assembly constituency|Gangadhara Nellore]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||Kalattur Krupa Lakshmi
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[V. M. Thomas]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Deyala Ramesh Babu
|-
! 172
|[[Chittoor Assembly constituency|Chittoor]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||M. Vijayananda Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Gurajala Jagan Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||G. Tikaram
|-
! 173
|[[Puthalapattu Assembly constituency|Puthalapattu]] (SC)
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||M. Sunil Kumar
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[Kalikiri Murali Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||[[M. S. Babu]]
|-
! 174
|[[Palamaner Assembly constituency|Palamaner]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[N. Venkate Gowda]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[N. Amarnath Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||B. Siva Sankar
|-
! 175
|[[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}} ||[[K. R. J. Bharath]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}} ||[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}} ||Avula Govindarajulu
|- class="sortbottom"
|}

== Election issues ==
In the lead-up to the election, several issues had come to light, including demands for [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014#Special category status|special category status]], the [[2019–2024 Amaravati protests|capital issue]] and unemployment in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-16 |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly polls: Capital city, special category status among key issues |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-capital-city-special-category-status-among-key-issues/articleshow/108551409.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430051832/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls-capital-city-special-category-status-among-key-issues/articleshow/108551409.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Incidents such as [[Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy#Murder of Vivekananda Reddy|Y. S. Vivekananda Reddy's murder]], the attack on Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy<ref>{{Cite news |last=Apparasu |first=Srinivasa Rao |title=4 yrs after arrest, man accused of attacking Jagan awaits trial |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-yrs-after-arrest-man-accused-of-attacking-jagan-awaits-trial-101657739034135.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] | date=14 July 2022 |access-date=27 March 2024 |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327050923/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/4-yrs-after-arrest-man-accused-of-attacking-jagan-awaits-trial-101657739034135.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[N. Chandrababu Naidu#Corruption allegations and arrest|legal cases against N. Chandrababu Naidu]] had also gathered significant attention.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-03-25 |title=Analysis {{!}} Five issues that are likely to affect the fortunes of YSRCP and NDA partners in Lok Sabha elections in A.P. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/analysis-five-issues-likely-to-cast-a-major-impact-on-fortunes-of-ysrcp-and-nda-partners-in-lok-sabha-elections-in-ap/article67990258.ece |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327065827/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/analysis-five-issues-likely-to-cast-a-major-impact-on-fortunes-of-ysrcp-and-nda-partners-in-lok-sabha-elections-in-ap/article67990258.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite facing anti-incumbency, the YSR Congress relied on its welfare schemes, particularly in rural and tribal areas. Meanwhile, the NDA focused on concerns such as inflation, unemployment, and broader development, gaining support in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2024-04-28 |title=It's a do-or-die battle for all main players in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/its-a-do-or-die-battle-for-all-main-players-in-andhra-pradesh/article68117738.ece |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430051832/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/its-a-do-or-die-battle-for-all-main-players-in-andhra-pradesh/article68117738.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-10 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Demand for Special Category Status to unemployment and inflation, key issues in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/lok-sabha-elections-2024-shifting-capital-unemployment-inflation-key-issues-in-andhra-19394710.htm/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430051837/https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/lok-sabha-elections-2024-shifting-capital-unemployment-inflation-key-issues-in-andhra-19394710.htm/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== State capital ===
{{Main|2019–2024 Amaravati protests}}

During the previous five-year tenure of the TDP-BJP government, [[Amaravati]] was proposed as the capital for the state of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-14 |title=Jagan's 3-capital plan stuck, Andhra hems and haws ahead of June 2 deadline on Hyderabad |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jagans-3-capital-plan-hyderabad-amaravati-9161703/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022834/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jagans-3-capital-plan-hyderabad-amaravati-9161703/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, this plan was later scrapped by the successive YSRCP government, which aimed to establish three capitals namely [[Visakhapatnam]], Amaravati and [[Kurnool]] as executive, legislative and judiciary purposes respectively, as part of a decentralisation initiative which faced legal hurdles and failed to be implemented.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lasania |first=Yunus |date=2024-04-13 |title=Amaravati will be permanent capital of Andhra, promises Naidu |url=https://www.siasat.com/amaravati-will-be-permanent-capital-of-andhra-promises-naidu-3008321/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415191845/https://www.siasat.com/amaravati-will-be-permanent-capital-of-andhra-promises-naidu-3008321/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While farmers in the Amaravati region opposed this decision, the TDP-JSP-BJP alliance vowed to reinstate Amaravati as the capital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-14 |title=Amaravati will be the permanent capital of AP, says Naidu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/amaravati-will-be-the-permanent-capital-of-ap-says-naidu/articleshow/109279749.cms |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415195114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/amaravati-will-be-the-permanent-capital-of-ap-says-naidu/articleshow/109279749.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-01 |title=Amaravati will remain as 'people's capital' of Andhra Pradesh : TDP leader Nara Lokesh |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amaravati-will-remain-as-peoples-capital-of-andhra-pradesh-tdp-leader-nara-lokesh/articleshow/99164864.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022834/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/amaravati-will-remain-as-peoples-capital-of-andhra-pradesh-tdp-leader-nara-lokesh/articleshow/99164864.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-04-07 |title=Vote for NDA to bring Andhra Pradesh back on track, Chandrababu Naidu urges voters |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/vote-for-nda-to-bring-andhra-pradesh-back-on-track-chandrababu-naidu-urges-voters/article68039970.ece |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=8 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408092517/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/vote-for-nda-to-bring-andhra-pradesh-back-on-track-chandrababu-naidu-urges-voters/article68039970.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On the contrary Chief Minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy launched ''Vision Visakha'', reaffirming the establishment of Visakhapatnam as the administrative or executive capital.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-05 |title=Committed to develop Vizag as Andhra's administrative capital: Jagan Mohan Reddy |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/76431/committed-to-develop-vizag-as-andhras-administrative-capital-jagan-mohan-reddy |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=ap7am.com |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022835/https://www.ap7am.com/en/76431/committed-to-develop-vizag-as-andhras-administrative-capital-jagan-mohan-reddy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first=|date=2024-03-05 |title=Jagan affirms taking oath as CM in Vizag |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/jagan-affirms-to-take-oath-as-cm-in-vizag |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022832/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/jagan-affirms-to-take-oath-as-cm-in-vizag |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Alcohol prices and quality ===
In the previous 2019 election, the YSRCP made a promise to completely ban alcohol in the state. However, it was not fulfilled and instead, prices were increased with the aim of reducing consumption.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Quality liquor at lower prices, Chandrababu Naidu promises voters |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/tdp-n-chandrababu-naidu-poll-promise-in-andhra-pradesh-alcohol-lovers-best-quality-liquor-at-reduced-prices-2524616-2024-04-08 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=India Today |date=8 April 2024 |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409034456/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/tdp-n-chandrababu-naidu-poll-promise-in-andhra-pradesh-alcohol-lovers-best-quality-liquor-at-reduced-prices-2524616-2024-04-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> The TDP-JSP alliance, along with the BJP alleged that this led to what they termed as the nation's largest liquor scam, with significant financial and health implications for consumers, including the risk of liver diseases.<ref name="financialexpress.com">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-08 |title=Quality liquor at reduced prices: Chandrababu Naidu's spirited poll promise ahead of Andhra Pradesh elections |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/quality-liquor-at-reduced-prices-chandrababu-naidus-spirited-poll-promise-ahead-of-andhra-pradesh-elections/3450045/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Financial Express |language=en |archive-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412190740/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/quality-liquor-at-reduced-prices-chandrababu-naidus-spirited-poll-promise-ahead-of-andhra-pradesh-elections/3450045/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-07 |title=Quality liquor at reduced prices: TDP's 'spirited' poll pledge for Andhra's booze lovers |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/quality-liquor-at-reduced-prices-tdps-spirited-poll-pledge-for-andhras-booze-lovers-424599-2024-04-07 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Business Today |language=hi |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407095013/https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/quality-liquor-at-reduced-prices-tdps-spirited-poll-pledge-for-andhras-booze-lovers-424599-2024-04-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Alliance has pledged to provide good-quality alcohol at reduced prices, claiming that distilleries and breweries are controlled by members and associates of the ruling party, including those producing local brands with poor-quality.<ref name="financialexpress.com" /> The Alliance leaders also alleged that despite the nationwide shift towards digital transactions, liquor retail outlets in the state have continued to accept cash payments exceeding the Maximum Retail Price (MRP), thereby generating profits for leaders of the ruling party.<ref>{{Cite news |title="Within 40 Days...": Chandrababu Naidu's Liquor Promise For Andhra Polls |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-elections-chandrababu-naidu-liquor-promise-within-40-days-chandrababu-naidus-liquor-promise-for-andhra-polls-5428048 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=NDTV |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415025543/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-elections-chandrababu-naidu-liquor-promise-within-40-days-chandrababu-naidus-liquor-promise-for-andhra-polls-5428048 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=A. D. |date=2024-04-12 |title=Alliance leaders tear into ruling party over 'liquor scam' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/alliance-leaders-tear-into-ruling-party-over-liquor-scam/article68058667.ece |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415191133/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/alliance-leaders-tear-into-ruling-party-over-liquor-scam/article68058667.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Illegal sand mining ===
The joint committee formed by the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], submitted a report to the [[National Green Tribunal]] on 21 March 2024, revealing ongoing 24-hour illegal sand mining in the inspected regions of [[Krishna district|Krishna]] and [[Guntur district|Guntur]] districts without valid environmental clearances.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subrahmanyam |first=Deekshitula |date=2024-02-21 |title=Rajamahendravaram: NGT inspects sand mining areas |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/rajamahendravaram-ngt-inspects-sand-mining-areas-859969 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Hans India |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022833/https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/rajamahendravaram-ngt-inspects-sand-mining-areas-859969 |url-status=live }}</ref> The committee was formed in response to petitions alleging illegal sand mining in the state. Additionally, the committee noted that the state government failed to provide information and documents requested from the Department of Mines and Geology regarding district-wise sand reaches allotted, permitted quantities, and violations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hareesh |first=P. |date=2024-02-22 |title=Illegal sand mining going on in Andhra Pradesh: Joint Committee report |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Feb/22/illegal-sand-mining-going-on-in-andhra-pradesh-joint-committee-report |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022834/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Feb/22/illegal-sand-mining-going-on-in-andhra-pradesh-joint-committee-report |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=NGT refers illegal sand mining case to top court |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ngt-refers-illegal-sand-mining-case-to-supreme-court/articleshow/107898420.cms |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223045816/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ngt-refers-illegal-sand-mining-case-to-supreme-court/articleshow/107898420.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-02-15 |title=Illegal sand mining in vogue in AP: Centre informs High Court |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Feb/15/illegal-sand-mining-in-vogue-in-ap-centre-informs-high-court |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427022835/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Feb/15/illegal-sand-mining-in-vogue-in-ap-centre-informs-high-court |url-status=live }}</ref> Opposition parties have accused ruling party leaders of illegally transporting thousands of lorries of sand daily, with no action taken despite numerous complaints lodged by opposition leaders and local residents.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-03-19 |title=TDP and JSP leaders allege YSRCP's involvement in illegal sand mining and transportation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-and-jsp-leaders-allege-ysrcps-involvement-in-illegal-sand-mining-and-transportation/article67968985.ece |access-date=2024-04-15 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331031726/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-and-jsp-leaders-allege-ysrcps-involvement-in-illegal-sand-mining-and-transportation/article67968985.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Naidu's arrest ===
TDP supremo [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] was arrested on 9 September 2023 in an alleged multi-crore skill development scam.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|first= |date=2023-09-09 |title=TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu arrested in A.P. Skill Development corruption case |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidu-arrest-updates-high-alert-sounded-in-andhra-pradesh/article67287850.ece |access-date=2023-12-15 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215114216/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidu-arrest-updates-high-alert-sounded-in-andhra-pradesh/article67287850.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The arrest became an election issue in [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana]], which was then soon to enter state polls, with different political parties in the state rushing to support Naidu to woo Andhra settlers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2023-10-19 |title=Why former Andhra CM Chandrababu Naidu's arrest has become an issue in Telangana election |url=https://theprint.in/politics/why-former-andhra-cm-chandrababu-naidus-arrest-has-become-an-issue-in-telangana-election/1809482/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215114217/https://theprint.in/politics/why-former-andhra-cm-chandrababu-naidus-arrest-has-become-an-issue-in-telangana-election/1809482/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Naidu's son [[Nara Lokesh]] said that Naidu's arrest was unfair and alleged that Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] did the same with firms in Gujarat while he was the state chief minister there.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barman |first=Sourav Roy |date=2023-10-05 |title=Chandrababu's arrest unfair, Modi did same with same firms in Gujarat, says TDP chief's son Lokesh |url=https://theprint.in/politics/chandrababus-arrest-unfair-modi-did-same-with-same-firms-in-gujarat-says-tdp-chiefs-son-lokesh/1790634/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215114216/https://theprint.in/politics/chandrababus-arrest-unfair-modi-did-same-with-same-firms-in-gujarat-says-tdp-chiefs-son-lokesh/1790634/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Land Titling Act ===
The Land Titling Act of Andhra Pradesh had become a major issue in the elections, leading to counterclaims and allegations between political parties in the state. The act was brought by the [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry|Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy government]], aiming to streamline land records, settle disputes and provide permanent titles. Both the Telugu Desam Party and Jana Sena Party have termed it as the Land Grabbing Act.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Benjamin |first=Ravi P. |date=2024-05-11 |title=Hindupur: 'Land Titling Act' disastrous to farmers says Parthasarathi |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/hindupur-land-titling-act-disastrous-to-farmers-says-parthasarathi-877756 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Hans India |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103406/https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/hindupur-land-titling-act-disastrous-to-farmers-says-parthasarathi-877756 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-05-01 |title=Land Titling Act is nothing but land grabbing act of Jagan, alleges Pawan Kalyan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/land-titling-act-is-nothing-but-land-grabbing-act-of-jagan-alleges-pawan-kalyan/article68129080.ece |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103452/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/land-titling-act-is-nothing-but-land-grabbing-act-of-jagan-alleges-pawan-kalyan/article68129080.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The main opposition party, TDP chief N. Chandrababu Naidu, alleged that the act was designed to take away lands and promised to revoke it if they come to power. He also questioned Chief Minister Jagan for printing his image on the passbook instead of the [[Emblem of Andhra Pradesh|official emblem]] of the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-10 |title=Andhra Pradesh Land Titling Act takes away people's lands, alleges Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/andhra-pradesh-land-titling-act-takes-away-peoples-lands-alleges-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/110016244.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103404/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/andhra-pradesh-land-titling-act-takes-away-peoples-lands-alleges-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/110016244.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Naidu |first=T. Appala |date=2024-05-10 |title=Chandrababu Naidu says my second sign on coming to power will be on repealing the land titling Act |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/my-second-sign-on-coming-to-power-will-be-on-repealing-the-land-titling-act-says-chandrababu-naidu/article68161456.ece |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103512/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/my-second-sign-on-coming-to-power-will-be-on-repealing-the-land-titling-act-says-chandrababu-naidu/article68161456.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The YSRCP alleged that the TDP is spreading misinformation about the Land Titling Act due to losing confidence in their manifesto. Furthermore, the state government countered the TDP's claims by stating that the Centre has encouraged state governments to enact their own legislation based on drafts proposed by [[NITI Aayog]] to suit their requirements.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-06 |title=Controversy over Land Titling Act is unnecessary, says govt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/controversy-over-land-titling-act-is-unnecessary-says-govt/articleshow/109867636.cms |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103505/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/controversy-over-land-titling-act-is-unnecessary-says-govt/articleshow/109867636.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-05-11 |title=Chandrababu Naidu creating fear on Land Titling Act as he lost confidence in his manifesto: YSRCP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/naidu-creating-fear-on-land-titling-act-as-he-lost-confidence-in-his-manifesto-ysrcp/article68165180.ece |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103503/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/naidu-creating-fear-on-land-titling-act-as-he-lost-confidence-in-his-manifesto-ysrcp/article68165180.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> While the BJP, part of the NDA alliance said that the Centre has no authority to enact the land related legislations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-05-07 |title=NITI Aayog never suggested fixing photo of A.P. CM on land documents, say BJP leaders |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/niti-aayog-never-suggested-fixing-photo-of-ap-cm-on-land-documents-say-bjp-leaders/article68150507.ece |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103408/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/niti-aayog-never-suggested-fixing-photo-of-ap-cm-on-land-documents-say-bjp-leaders/article68150507.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-05-09 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Rumblings in BJP over Land Act |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/09/andhra-pradesh-rumblings-in-bjp-over-land-act |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103409/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/09/andhra-pradesh-rumblings-in-bjp-over-land-act |url-status=live }}</ref> The opposition parties within the NDA alliance claimed that this act is in contravention of the laws related to property transfer, evidence, succession and various judicial proceedings, citing violations of property laws and Article 300-A, along with concerns about Title Registration Officers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2024-05-10 |title=How land titling act based on NITI Aayog model set off slugfest between Jagan & TDP's Naidu |url=https://theprint.in/politics/how-land-titling-act-based-on-niti-aayog-model-set-off-slugfest-between-jagan-tdps-naidu/2077470/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103411/https://theprint.in/politics/how-land-titling-act-based-on-niti-aayog-model-set-off-slugfest-between-jagan-tdps-naidu/2077470/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-07 |title=War of words between TDP, YSRCP over former babu's post on LT Act |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/war-of-words-between-tdp-and-ysrcp-over-former-babus-post-on-land-titling-act/articleshow/109899188.cms |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/war-of-words-between-tdp-and-ysrcp-over-former-babus-post-on-land-titling-act/articleshow/109899188.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-05-04 |title=Alliance parties will scrap AP Land Titling Act if voted to power, says Naidu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/alliance-parties-will-scrap-ap-land-titling-act-if-voted-to-power-says-naidu/article68139420.ece |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103454/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/alliance-parties-will-scrap-ap-land-titling-act-if-voted-to-power-says-naidu/article68139420.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=E. |last=Bhavani |editor-first=Maria Teresa |editor-last=Raju |date=2024-01-09 |title=AP brings in compulsory land registration: Lawyers say it will lead to more disputes |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/ap-brings-in-compulsory-land-registration-lawyers-say-it-will-lead-to-more-disputes |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512103503/https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/ap-brings-in-compulsory-land-registration-lawyers-say-it-will-lead-to-more-disputes |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Campaigns ==
[[File:2024 Election - Street campaign through song and dance by TDP in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.webm|thumb|2024 Election – Street campaign through song and dance by NDA in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh]]
Candidates campaigned by interacting with common people and participating in their daily activities such as making tea, ironing clothes and weighing vegetables.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Poll-eve theatrics on full swing in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/poll-eve-theatrics-on-full-swing-in-andhra-pradesh/article68106378.ece |date=2024-04-25 |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=[[The Hindu]] | archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426222515/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/poll-eve-theatrics-on-full-swing-in-andhra-pradesh/article68106378.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The primary parties in the state used movies and songs to promote their own political party while denigrating other party leaders. The use of social media to amplify the reach of such content to voters became a core strategy for parties.<ref>{{Cite news |title=AP elections witness fusion of politics, music and movies |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/ap-elections-witness-fusion-of-politics-music-and-movies-885905 |date=2024-04-20 |access-date=2024-04-26 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426224149/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/ap-elections-witness-fusion-of-politics-music-and-movies-885905 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== YSR Congress Party ===
The YSRCP launched its ''Why AP needs Jagan'' campaign on 9 November 2023. The outreach campaign lasted for 40 days. Bus yatras were taken out in all 175 assembly constituencies during the campaign. The campaign was criticised by the opposition TDP, which countered it with the slogan ''Why AP hates Jagan''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2023-10-10 |title=Andhra CM's new outreach campaign is 'Why AP needs Jagan'. TDP's counter slogan: 'Why AP hates Jagan' |url=https://theprint.in/politics/andhra-cms-new-outreach-campaign-is-why-ap-needs-jagan-tdps-new-slogan-why-ap-hates-jagan/1797454/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215113259/https://theprint.in/politics/andhra-cms-new-outreach-campaign-is-why-ap-needs-jagan-tdps-new-slogan-why-ap-hates-jagan/1797454/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chief Minister Jagan Mohan Reddy announced a mass contact program called ''Siddham'' (We are Ready!) for the election campaign,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-02-18 |title=All set for YSRC's 'Siddham' today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Feb/18/all-set-for-ysrcs-siddham-today |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134711/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Feb/18/all-set-for-ysrcs-siddham-today |url-status=live }}</ref> which was countered by the slogans ''Samsiddham'' (We are Prepared!) and ''Memu Siddhame'' (We are also Ready!) from the TDP and JSP respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ilyas |first=md |date=2024-01-31 |title=Poster War in AP in run-up to 2024 elections |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/news/poster-war-in-ap-in-run-up-to-2024-elections-880535 |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134710/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/news/poster-war-in-ap-in-run-up-to-2024-elections-880535 |url-status=live }}</ref> The YSRCP took up the slogans ''Maa Nammakam Nuvve Jagan'' (Jagan is our belief) and ''Jagananne Maa Bhavishyattu'' (Jagan is our future) to reach the public in the election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-05 |title=Jagan to launch mass contact programmes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/jagan-to-launch-mass-contact-programmes/articleshow/99254901.cms |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/jagan-to-launch-mass-contact-programmes/articleshow/99254901.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-02-17 |title=Jagan to release election song at Siddham meeting today |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jagan-to-release-election-song-at-siddham-meeting-today/article67858201.ece |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134715/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jagan-to-release-election-song-at-siddham-meeting-today/article67858201.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The party announced candidates for all 175 seats in the general election through multiple lists.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-03 |title=YSRCP releases sixth list of poll contenders |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ysrcp-releases-sixth-list-of-poll-contenders-vijayawada/articleshow/107375587.cms |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134711/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/ysrcp-releases-sixth-list-of-poll-contenders-vijayawada/articleshow/107375587.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Kutami ===
After huge speculation about an alliance between the TDP and [[Janasena Party]] (JSP), JSP chief [[Pawan Kalyan]] officially announced the tie of both parties in the 2024 polls on 14 September 2023 amidst the arrest of N. Chandrababu Naidu to collectively fight against the incumbent YSRCP.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naidu |first=T. Appala |date=2023-09-14 |title=Pawan Kalyan announces JSP, TDP alliance against YSRCP in 2024 Andhra Pradesh polls |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jana-sena-tdp-to-contest-together-in-2024-state-assembly-elections-k-pawan-kalyan/article67306516.ece |access-date=2023-12-28 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926152716/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jana-sena-tdp-to-contest-together-in-2024-state-assembly-elections-k-pawan-kalyan/article67306516.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2023-09-16 |title=Pawan Kalyan's JSP declares alliance with TDP in Andhra. What's keeping BJP from joining them |url=https://theprint.in/politics/pawan-kalyans-jsp-declares-alliance-with-tdp-in-andhra-whats-keeping-bjp-from-joining-them/1765021/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228124445/https://theprint.in/politics/pawan-kalyans-jsp-declares-alliance-with-tdp-in-andhra-whats-keeping-bjp-from-joining-them/1765021/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A joint action committee was setup, comprising representatives from both parties.

The first meeting of the committee was held in [[Rajahmundry]] on 21 October 2023, addressing public issues, the latest political developments and steps for better coordination between the two parties.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-10-21 |title=Jana Sena-TDP first joint acton committee meeting to be held in Rajamahendravaram |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jana-sena-tdp-first-joint-acton-committee-meeting-to-be-held-in-rajamahendravaram/article67443565.ece |access-date=2023-12-28 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228124451/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/jana-sena-tdp-first-joint-acton-committee-meeting-to-be-held-in-rajamahendravaram/article67443565.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=TDP-JSP Joint Action Committee meeting in Rajahmundry on Oct 23 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/oct/21/tdp-jsp-joint-action-committee-meeting-in-rajahmundry-on-oct-23-2625971.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=The New Indian Express |date=21 October 2023 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228124508/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/oct/21/tdp-jsp-joint-action-committee-meeting-in-rajahmundry-on-oct-23-2625971.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Both the TDP and JSP chiefs met on multiple occasions to discuss seat sharing, a common manifesto and other political developments in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2023-12-17 |title=TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu meets JSP president Pawan Kalyan in Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-chief-chandrababu-naidu-meets-jsp-president-pawan-kalyan-in-hyderabad/article67648544.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224160922/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-chief-chandrababu-naidu-meets-jsp-president-pawan-kalyan-in-hyderabad/article67648544.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2024-02-04 |title=TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu and Pawan Kalyan discuss election preparedness |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-chandrababu-naidu-and-pawan-kalyan-discuss-election-preparedness/article67810623.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205072032/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-chandrababu-naidu-and-pawan-kalyan-discuss-election-preparedness/article67810623.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 20 December 2023, to mark the completion of the [[Nara Lokesh]] ''[[Yuva Galam Padayatra]]'', the TDP and JSP held a joint public meeting called ''Yuva Galam Navasakam'' in Polipalli, [[Vizianagaram district]], accommodating around 6 lakh people with Pawan Kalyan attending the meeting.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Syamsundar |first=V. L. |date=2024-02-29 |title=Guntur: Nara Lokesh introduces Pemmasani to voters |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/guntur-nara-lokesh-introduces-pemmasani-to-voters-861687 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=The Hans India |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134710/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/vijayawada/guntur-nara-lokesh-introduces-pemmasani-to-voters-861687 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilai |first=Harish |date=2023-12-19 |title=All eyes on first joint public meet of Naidu and Pawan in Uttarandhra on December 20 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/all-eyes-on-first-joint-public-meet-of-naidu-and-pawan-in-uttarandhra-on-december-20/article67655287.ece |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134711/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/all-eyes-on-first-joint-public-meet-of-naidu-and-pawan-in-uttarandhra-on-december-20/article67655287.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-12-19 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Naidu, Pawan to blow poll bugle at 'Yuva Galam Navasakam' on December 20 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/andhra-pradesh-naidu-pawan-to-blow-poll-bugle-at-yuva-galam-navasakam-on-december-20/article67653834.ece |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134714/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/andhra-pradesh-naidu-pawan-to-blow-poll-bugle-at-yuva-galam-navasakam-on-december-20/article67653834.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-12-19 |title=Lokesh concludes Yuva Galam yatra, covers 100 Assembly seats in 226 days |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/Dec/19/lokesh-concludes-yuva-galam-yatra-covers-100-assembly-seats-in-226-days-2642896.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134711/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/Dec/19/lokesh-concludes-yuva-galam-yatra-covers-100-assembly-seats-in-226-days-2642896.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilai |first=Harish |date=2023-12-20 |title=Lakhs of TDP and JSP supporters throng 'Yuva Galam Navasakam' venue at Polipalli |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/lakhs-of-tdp-and-jsp-supporters-throng-yuva-galam-navasakam-venue-at-polipalli/article67659705.ece |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134710/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/lakhs-of-tdp-and-jsp-supporters-throng-yuva-galam-navasakam-venue-at-polipalli/article67659705.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The initial joint list of the TDP-JSP alliance, comprising a total of 118 seats, was formally released by both party chiefs on 24 February 2024. Of these, 24 seats were allotted to the JSP, with 5 candidates named and 94 seats to the TDP.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-25 |title=TDP-JSP announces first list of 99 candidates for Andhra Pradesh polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tdpjsp-announces-first-list-of-99-candidates-for-andhra-pradesh-polls-101708801500425.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134710/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/tdpjsp-announces-first-list-of-99-candidates-for-andhra-pradesh-polls-101708801500425.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 February 2024, both parties held a joint public meeting called ''Jenda'' in [[Tadepalligudem]], [[West Godavari district]], describing it as a historic necessity to defeat the incumbent YSRCP. They emphasized the importance of saving democracy and promoting the development of Andhra Pradesh, urging party cadres to understand the ground reality.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2024-02-28 |title=TDP-JSP combine calls for defeating YSRCP in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/assembly-elections-tdp-jsp-combine-calls-for-defeating-ysrcp-in-andhra-pradesh/article67897010.ece |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134710/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/assembly-elections-tdp-jsp-combine-calls-for-defeating-ysrcp-in-andhra-pradesh/article67897010.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2024-02-28 |title=Pawan justifies JSP's seat-sharing with TDP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/pawan-justifies-jsps-seat-sharing-with-tdp/article67897152.ece |access-date=2024-02-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134711/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/pawan-justifies-jsps-seat-sharing-with-tdp/article67897152.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 9 March 2024, the [[List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|president of the Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[J. P. Nadda]] issued a joint official statement on behalf of the BJP, TDP and JSP. The statement announced the admission of the TDP to the NDA and finalised the alliance of the BJP, TDP and JSP for the upcoming legislative assembly and Lok Sabha polls in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hebbar |first=Nistula |date=2024-03-09 |title=BJP, TDP, Jana Sena join hands to fight Lok Sabha, Andhra Pradesh Assembly polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-tdp-jana-sena-join-hands-to-fight-lok-sabha-andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls/article67932549.ece |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310120355/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-tdp-jana-sena-join-hands-to-fight-lok-sabha-andhra-pradesh-assembly-polls/article67932549.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-09 |title='Win-win situation for Andhra': TDP, BJP, JanaSena finalise seat-sharing deal for Lok Sabha, Assembly polls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tdp-bjp-janasena-party-tie-up-for-lok-sabha-assembly-polls-9204938/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309170559/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tdp-bjp-janasena-party-tie-up-for-lok-sabha-assembly-polls-9204938/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The alliance members agreed to contest all 175 seats with TDP in 144, JSP in 21 and BJP in 10. The alliance finalised the candidates through multiple lists.

==== Telugu Desam Party ====
The TDP organised various public outreach programs such as ''Badude Badudu'', ''Isuka Satyagraha Deekshalu'' and ''Jaiho BC''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-12-30 |title=TDP to launch 'Jayaho BC' programme from January 4 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/Dec/30/tdp-to-launch-jayaho-bc-programme-from-january-4-2646231.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409040912/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/Dec/30/tdp-to-launch-jayaho-bc-programme-from-january-4-2646231.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-28 |title=TDP leaders stage protest against 'illegal' sand mining in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-leaders-stage-protest-against-illegal-sand-mining-in-andhra-pradesh/article67245414.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223222648/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-leaders-stage-protest-against-illegal-sand-mining-in-andhra-pradesh/article67245414.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> to engage with the public and campaign against the YSRCP.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=A. D. |date=2022-05-16 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Naidu's 'Badude Badudu' likely to set the goalpost for Kadapa TDP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-naidus-badude-badudu-likely-to-set-the-goalpost-for-kadapa-tdp/article65419988.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704095236/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-naidus-badude-badudu-likely-to-set-the-goalpost-for-kadapa-tdp/article65419988.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2022-12-08 |title=TDP-'s Badude Badudu protest stirs in Guntur, Bapatla |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/071222/badude-badudu-stirs-in-guntur-bapatla.html |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224151811/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/071222/badude-badudu-stirs-in-guntur-bapatla.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-05 |title=TDP chief N Chandrababu Naidu launches 'Jai Ho BC' campaign to empower Backward Classes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tdp-chief-n-chandrababu-naidu-launches-jai-ho-bc-campaign-to-empower-backward-classes/articleshow/106556732.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309225405/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tdp-chief-n-chandrababu-naidu-launches-jai-ho-bc-campaign-to-empower-backward-classes/articleshow/106556732.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> The TDP general secretary Nara Lokesh also launched the ''Yuva Galam Padayatra'', a walkathon to reach the public.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-29 |title=Nara Lokesh to start 'Yuva Galam' padayatra on January 27 in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/lokesh-to-start-yuva-galam-padayatra-on-january-27/articleshow/96584152.cms |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416113513/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/lokesh-to-start-yuva-galam-padayatra-on-january-27/articleshow/96584152.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Janasena Party ====
Earlier to the official formation of the alliance with the TDP, the JSP chief, Pawan Kalyan launched a ''[[Varahi Yatra]]'' on 14 June 2023 from [[Annavaram]] with a specially designed vehicle named as ''Varahi'' to campaign against the YSRCP.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |title=JSP Chief Pawan Kalyan Gears Up With 'Varahi' For Bus Yatra Ahead Of 2024 AP Assembly Polls |url=https://news.abplive.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-jsp-chief-pawan-kalyan-gears-up-with-varahi-for-bus-yatra-ahead-of-2024-assembly-polls-1568445 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=[[ABP Live]] | date=8 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120091009/https://news.abplive.com/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-jsp-chief-pawan-kalyan-gears-up-with-varahi-for-bus-yatra-ahead-of-2024-assembly-polls-1568445 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=srinivas |first=vadrevu |date=2023-06-30 |title=Jana Sena Keeps High Hopes On Varahi Yatra Meeting In Bhimavaram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/300623/jana-sena-keeps-high-hopes-on-varahi-yatra-meeting-in-bhimavaram.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | language=en |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120091009/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/300623/jana-sena-keeps-high-hopes-on-varahi-yatra-meeting-in-bhimavaram.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The campaign was conducted in multiple phases to reach the public widely.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=V. |date=2023-09-29 |title=JSP chief Pawan Kalyan's Varahi Yatra to start from October 1 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/stage-set-for-jsp-chief-pawan-kalyans-varahi-yatra-from-october-1/article67362422.ece |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223222648/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/stage-set-for-jsp-chief-pawan-kalyans-varahi-yatra-from-october-1/article67362422.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Indian National Congress ===
The [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) launched its campaign ''Intinti Congress'' via a statewide door-to-door campaign on 20 January 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-17 |title=South victory, YSRCP 'anti-incumbency' give wings to Congress's Andhra hopes after 10 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/south-victory-ysrcp-anti-incumbency-give-wings-to-congs-andhra-hopes-after-10-years-9071445/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217070352/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/south-victory-ysrcp-anti-incumbency-give-wings-to-congs-andhra-hopes-after-10-years-9071445/ |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The recent successes of the party in the bordering states of [[Karnataka]] and [[Telangana]] enthused the party cadre ahead of the election.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2023-12-18 |title=A glimmer of hope for Andhra Congress |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-glimmer-of-hope-for-andhra-congress/article67651878.ece |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218192019/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-glimmer-of-hope-for-andhra-congress/article67651878.ece |archive-date=18 December 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister]] Jagan Reddy's sister [[Y. S. Sharmila]], joined the INC on 4 January 2024 and lead its campaign for the election.<ref>{{Cite news |title=YS Sharmila, Jagan Mohan Reddy's sister, likely to join Congress on January 4 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ys-sharmila-sister-of-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-jagan-reddy-to-join-congress-on-january-4-in-delhi-2483048-2024-01-02 |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=India Today |date=2 January 2024 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102181753/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ys-sharmila-sister-of-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-jagan-reddy-to-join-congress-on-january-4-in-delhi-2483048-2024-01-02 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-02 |title=Jagan's sister Sharmila set to join Congress amid new battle lines drawn for AP polls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jagans-sister-sharmila-congress-new-battle-lines-drawn-ap-polls-9092118/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102181753/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jagans-sister-sharmila-congress-new-battle-lines-drawn-ap-polls-9092118/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 22 February 2024, [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee|APCC]] president Y. S. Sharmila and other 40 Congress workers were temporarily detained for protesting against the DSC notification for teacher recruitment. Sharmila herself had reportedly spent the previous night in the party office to avoid house arrest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-22 |title='Chalo Secretariat' protest: YS Sharmila, 40 Congress workers detained |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chalo-secretariat-protest-ys-sharmila-and-40-congress-workers-detained/articleshow/107909562.cms |access-date=2024-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222152436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chalo-secretariat-protest-ys-sharmila-and-40-congress-workers-detained/articleshow/107909562.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 26 February 2024, at [[Anantapur]], Sharmila and Congress president [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] announced a guarantee of ₹5,000 per month to every poor family if the party comes to power. At the meeting, Kharge criticised prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] for not according Special Category Status (SCS) to Andhra Pradesh. He also said that the TDP, JSP and the YSRCP were all stooges of the BJP.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Umashanker |first=K. |date=2024-02-26 |title=Congress announces 'Indiramma Abhayam' guarantee for the poor in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/congress-announces-indiramma-abhayam-guarantee-for-the-poor-in-andhra-pradesh/article67888672.ece |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305233609/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/congress-announces-indiramma-abhayam-guarantee-for-the-poor-in-andhra-pradesh/article67888672.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 March, Congress general secretary [[Sachin Pilot]] said at a public meeting in [[Tirupati]] that the Congress would accord 10-year SCS to Andhra Pradesh immediately if it came to power at the centre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=A. D. |date=2024-03-01 |title=SCS will be accorded to Andhra Pradesh after Congress comes to power at Centre: Sachin Pilot |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/scs-will-be-accorded-to-andhra-pradesh-after-congress-comes-to-power-at-centre-sachin-pilot/article67904390.ece |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304113004/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/scs-will-be-accorded-to-andhra-pradesh-after-congress-comes-to-power-at-centre-sachin-pilot/article67904390.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Manifestos ==
=== YSR Congress Party ===
On 21 April 2024, the party's chief and the chief minister, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, unveiled the party's manifesto at his camp office in [[Tadepalle, Krishna district|Tadepalle]], promising to continue existing welfare schemes for the next five years if voted to power.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-04-27 |title=YSRCP manifesto promises to hike old age pension, Amma Vadi, continue all existing welfare schemes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-manifesto-promises-to-hike-old-age-pension-amma-vadi-continue-all-existing-welfare-schemes/article68114667.ece |access-date=2024-04-30 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430105338/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ysrcp-manifesto-promises-to-hike-old-age-pension-amma-vadi-continue-all-existing-welfare-schemes/article68114667.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Kutami ===
On 30 April 2024, both N. Chandrababu Naidu, the chief of Telugu Desam Party and Pawan Kalyan, the chief of Jana Sena Party, unveiled a joint manifesto at [[Undavalli]], promising to create employment opportunities and implementation of other welfare schemes.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2024-05-01 |title=Andhra Pradesh: TDP, BJP, JSP alliance releases election manifesto, promises 20 lakh jobs and skill census |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-2024-tdp-bjp-jsp-alliance-manifesto-20-lakh-jobs-skill-census-n-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-lok-sabha-polls-2024-05-01-928872 |access-date=2024-05-01 |newspaper=[[India TV]] | language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501045314/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-2024-tdp-bjp-jsp-alliance-manifesto-20-lakh-jobs-skill-census-n-chandrababu-naidu-pawan-kalyan-lok-sabha-polls-2024-05-01-928872 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-01 |title=₹1,500 aid for women, 2 million jobs key promises |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1500-aid-for-women-2-million-jobs-key-promises-101714505381730.html |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501045314/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1500-aid-for-women-2-million-jobs-key-promises-101714505381730.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The BJP, another alliance partner endorsed the TDP-JSP joint manifesto without adding any further assurances as it had already released its own manifesto previously titled "[[Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election|Modi Ki Guarantee]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-04-30 |title=Unemployment dole, free bus rides, skill census figure on TDP-JSP joint manifesto for Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/unemployment-dole-free-bus-rides-skill-census-figure-on-tdp-jsp-joint-manifesto-for-andhra-pradesh/article68125672.ece |access-date=2024-05-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501045314/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/unemployment-dole-free-bus-rides-skill-census-figure-on-tdp-jsp-joint-manifesto-for-andhra-pradesh/article68125672.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Indian National Congress ===
The Indian National Congress had released their manifesto titled "[[Indian National Congress campaign for the 2024 Indian general election|Nyay Patra]]" previously for the general election in March 2024.

== Incidents ==
=== Electoral malpractices ===
[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP) chief [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] accused the ruling [[YSR Congress Party]] (YSRCP) of subverting electoral practices. Subsequently, on 28 August 2023, he lodged a complaint with the [[Election Commission of India]] to ensure all the eligible voters are included and fake voters are removed. He also demanded an enquiry into the transfer of the electoral data to the private agencies and prevent the appointment of grama volunteers instead of teachers for the election duty.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-08-28 |title=TDP asks EC to ensure fake voters are weeded out of Andhra electoral rolls |url=https://theprint.in/india/tdp-asks-ec-to-ensure-fake-voters-are-weeded-out-of-andhra-electoral-rolls/1735101/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228122433/https://theprint.in/india/tdp-asks-ec-to-ensure-fake-voters-are-weeded-out-of-andhra-electoral-rolls/1735101/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-22 |title=Chandrababu Naidu to lodge complaint on bogus voters in Andhra Pradesh with Election Commission of India |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/chandrababu-naidu-to-lodge-complaint-on-bogus-voters-in-andhra-pradesh-with-election-commission-of-india/article67223174.ece |access-date=2023-12-28 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228122433/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/chandrababu-naidu-to-lodge-complaint-on-bogus-voters-in-andhra-pradesh-with-election-commission-of-india/article67223174.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He also submitted a documentary evidence of the deletion of 40,000 votes in [[Visakhapatnam East Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam East]], 23,000 votes in [[Vijayawada Central Assembly constituency|Vijayawada Central]] and also at [[Parchur Assembly constituency|Parchur]], [[Tadikonda Assembly constituency|Tadikonda]] and [[Uravakonda Assembly constituency|Uravakonda]] constituencies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-29 |title=TDP chief N Chandrababu Naidu lodges complaint with ECI over mass deletion of votes in Andhra Pradesh |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/naidu-lodges-complaint-with-eci-over-mass-deletion-of-votes-in-state/articleshow/103153287.cms |access-date=2023-12-28 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228122430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/naidu-lodges-complaint-with-eci-over-mass-deletion-of-votes-in-state/articleshow/103153287.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=TDP supremo likely to lodge complaint with ECI over bogus voters |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/aug/23/tdp-supremo-likelyto-lodge-complaint-with-eci-over-bogus-voters-2607933.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=The New Indian Express |date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228122431/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/aug/23/tdp-supremo-likelyto-lodge-complaint-with-eci-over-bogus-voters-2607933.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Stone pelting ===
On 13 April 2024, a stone was thrown at Chief Minister Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy by an unidentified person while he was campaigning on top of a bus in Vijayawada.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jagan Reddy Injured In Stone-Throwing While Campaigning In Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jagan-reddy-injured-in-stone-throwing-while-campaigning-in-andhra-pradesh-5435318 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=NDTV |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506013414/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jagan-reddy-injured-in-stone-throwing-while-campaigning-in-andhra-pradesh-5435318 |url-status=live }}</ref> The stone narrowly hit the left temple of his eye, avoiding any major injuries and causing a minor cut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-18 |title=Police pick up 26-year-old for hurling stone that injured Andhra CM Jagan Reddy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-cm-jagan-reddy-injured-stone-hurling-police-9277583/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510025822/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/andhra-cm-jagan-reddy-injured-stone-hurling-police-9277583/ |url-status=live }}</ref> While the YSRCP alleged that it was a pre-planned conspiracy to attack their leader,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Stone hurled at Jagan Mohan Reddy ignites war of words among Andhra Pradesh parties |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/stone-hurled-at-jagan-mohan-reddy-ignites-war-of-words-among-andhra-pradesh-parties/articleshow/109288484.cms |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510025823/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/stone-hurled-at-jagan-mohan-reddy-ignites-war-of-words-among-andhra-pradesh-parties/amp_articleshow/109288484.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> the opposition leader, N. Chandrababu Naidu condemned the act and requested an impartial inquiry by the Election Commission into the incident. Furthermore, the TDP questioned the circumstances and timing of the incident, alleging that it was staged and similar to the knife attack on Jagan weeks before the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, aimed at garnering sympathy for winning the election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |title=Stone pelting attack on Jagan being investigated as attempted murder; YSRCP & TDP exchange blows |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andhra-pradesh/stone-pelting-attack-on-jagan-being-investigated-as-attempted-murder-ysrcp-tdp-exchange-blows-2977968 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510025824/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andhra-pradesh/stone-pelting-attack-on-jagan-being-investigated-as-attempted-murder-ysrcp-tdp-exchange-blows-2977968 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Potnuru |first=Vasu |date=2024-04-17 |title=Stone pelting incident is another version of Kodi Kathi 2.0 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/visakhapatnam/stone-pelting-incident-is-another-version-of-kodi-kathi-20-873005 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Hans India |language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512015244/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/visakhapatnam/stone-pelting-incident-is-another-version-of-kodi-kathi-20-873005 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Stone hurled at Jagan Mohan Reddy ignites war of words among Andhra Pradesh parties – The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/stone-hurled-at-jagan-mohan-reddy-ignites-war-of-words-among-andhra-pradesh-parties/articleshow/109288595.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=The Economic Times |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506014924/https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/stone-hurled-at-jagan-mohan-reddy-ignites-war-of-words-among-andhra-pradesh-parties/amp_articleshow/109288595.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-04-15 |title=MLC B.T. Naidu Calls Stone-pelting Kodi Kathi 2.0 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/mlc-bt-naidu-calls-stone-pelting-kodi-kathi-20-889608 |access-date=2024-05-12 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | language=en |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512015243/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/mlc-bt-naidu-calls-stone-pelting-kodi-kathi-20-889608 |url-status=live }}</ref> Power was switched off during the incident by authorities to prevent Jagan and others standing on top of the vehicle from coming into contact with live wires and overhanging cables.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-15 |title=Jagan hits the road again after stone pelting incident; little headway in police probe so far |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/jagan-mohan-reddy-vijayawada-stone-pelting-campaign-yatra-restart-9270767/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510025824/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/jagan-mohan-reddy-vijayawada-stone-pelting-campaign-yatra-restart-9270767/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Various politicians, including Prime Minister Narendra Modi condemned the attack.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-13 |title=Andhra CM Jagan Reddy Suffers Injuries After Stones Hurled At His Bus In Vijayawada, PM Modi Wishes Him Speedy Recovery |url=https://www.news18.com/politics/andhra-pradesh-cm-jagan-mohan-reddy-injured-bus-stone-pelting-vijayawada-rally-ysrcp-tdp-8850465.html |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510025822/https://www.news18.com/politics/andhra-pradesh-cm-jagan-mohan-reddy-injured-bus-stone-pelting-vijayawada-rally-ysrcp-tdp-8850465.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Election day==
The election concluded with a high voter turnout of 81.86%. [[Darsi Assembly constituency|Darsi]] recorded the highest turnout at 90.91%, while [[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]] had the lowest at 63.32%.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=2024-05-15 |title=AP Polling Percentage: Andhra Pradesh registers a polling percentage of 81.86, the highest so far in the country, says Chief Electoral Officer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-registers-a-polling-percentage-of-8186-the-highest-so-far-in-the-country-says-chief-electoral-officer/article68178365.ece |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604040014/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-registers-a-polling-percentage-of-8186-the-highest-so-far-in-the-country-says-chief-electoral-officer/article68178365.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Post-election violence erupted between members of the ruling YSRCP and the main opposition TDP in few districts, particularly in [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]], [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]] and [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]. The clashes involved stick fights, stone-throwing, involving the use of petrol bombs along with crude weapons such as sickles, axes and hammers. This led to injuries, burning of vehicles and damage to party offices and houses. The violence caused widespread fear and forced businesses to close.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nichenametla |first=Prasad |date=2024-05-19 |title=As post-poll violence flares up in Andhra Pradesh, EC acts — sweeping suspensions, SIT probe |url=https://theprint.in/politics/as-post-poll-violence-flares-up-in-andhra-pradesh-ec-acts-sweeping-suspensions-sit-probe/2091649/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135143/https://theprint.in/politics/as-post-poll-violence-flares-up-in-andhra-pradesh-ec-acts-sweeping-suspensions-sit-probe/2091649/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, the Election Commission of India has deployed Special Investigation Teams to the affected regions for further investigation and has suspended 12 Subordinate Police officers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudhir |first=S. N. V. |title=SIT appointed to probe poll violence in Andhra submits 150-page confidential report, finds several lapses |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/sit-appointed-to-probe-poll-violence-in-andhra-submits-150-page-confidential-report-finds-several-lapses-3031125 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135143/https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/sit-appointed-to-probe-poll-violence-in-andhra-submits-150-page-confidential-report-finds-several-lapses-3031125 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-05-17 |title=Election Commission of India cracks whip on poll violence in Andhra |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/17/election-commission-of-india-cracks-whip-on-poll-violence-in-andhra |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135144/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/May/17/election-commission-of-india-cracks-whip-on-poll-violence-in-andhra |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-16 |title=Post-poll violence: EC tells MHA to retain central forces in Andhra after counting |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/transfer-suspension-report-in-2-days-ec-takes-action-on-andhra-post-poll-violence/articleshow/110182085.cms |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135143/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/transfer-suspension-report-in-2-days-ec-takes-action-on-andhra-post-poll-violence/articleshow/110182085.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

YSRCP MLA, [[Annabathuni Siva Kumar]] hit a voter standing in a queue after the voter objected to the MLA for jumping the queue. The voter retaliated by hitting him back, after which the MLA's supporters also attacked the voter.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.ndtv.com/videos/video-mla-from-jagan-reddy-s-party-slaps-voter-in-polling-queue-he-hits-back-784024 |title=Video {{!}} Video: MLA From Jagan Reddy's Party Slaps Voter In Polling Queue, He Hits Back |language=en |access-date=2024-06-15 |via=www.ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-13 |title=YSRCP MLA Shivakumar Slaps Voter At Andhra Polling Booth, He Hits Back {{!}} Video |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ysrcp-mla-shivakumar-slaps-voter-guntur-polling-booth-he-hits-back-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-polls-8888426.html |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135143/https://www.news18.com/elections/ysrcp-mla-shivakumar-slaps-voter-guntur-polling-booth-he-hits-back-andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-polls-8888426.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Another YSRCP MLA, [[Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy]], stormed into a polling booth with his supporters and destroyed the EVM and VVPAT machines by hitting them to the ground in [[Macherla Assembly constituency|Macherla]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=2024-06-03 |title=Conduct of YSRCP MLA in smashing EVM-VVPAT in polling booth a 'mockery of the system', SC says |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/conduct-of-ysrcp-mla-in-smashing-evm-vvpat-in-polling-booth-a-mockery-of-the-system-sc-says/article68246187.ece |access-date=2024-06-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610041606/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/conduct-of-ysrcp-mla-in-smashing-evm-vvpat-in-polling-booth-a-mockery-of-the-system-sc-says/article68246187.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Mockery of justice system: Supreme Court on HC relief to MLA |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mockery-of-justice-system-supreme-court-on-hc-relief-to-mla-9370365/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135143/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mockery-of-justice-system-supreme-court-on-hc-relief-to-mla-9370365/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title="This Is A Joke": Supreme Court Furious Over Protection For Andhra MLA Who Smashed EVM |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-andhra-pradesh-mla-p-ramakrishan-reddy-smashed-evm-bail-this-is-a-joke-top-court-furious-over-bail-for-andhra-mla-who-smashed-evm-5806728 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=NDTV |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615135144/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/supreme-court-andhra-pradesh-mla-p-ramakrishan-reddy-smashed-evm-bail-this-is-a-joke-top-court-furious-over-bail-for-andhra-mla-who-smashed-evm-5806728 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Surveys and polls==
===Exit polls===
The [[Election Commission of India|ECI]] banned exit polls from 19 April 2024 to 1 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-03-30 |title=No exit poll from 7 a.m. on April 19 to 6.30 p.m. on June 1, says Election Commission of India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/no-exit-poll-from-7-am-of-april-19-to-630-pm-of-june-1-says-election-commission-of-india/article68009633.ece |access-date=2024-05-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514165925/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/no-exit-poll-from-7-am-of-april-19-to-630-pm-of-june-1-says-election-commission-of-india/article68009633.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The ban ended after the close of Phase 7 voting at 18:30 IST on 1 June 2024.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Polling agency
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}|
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|
! rowspan="2" | Lead
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
! [[Kutami]]
! [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|-
| KK Surveys and Strategies
| 14
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''161'''
| 0
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''Kutami'''
| <ref name="hindustantimes_ep" />
|-
| RISE
| 58
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''115'''
| 1
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''Kutami'''
| <ref name="hindustantimes_ep">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-01 |title=AP Exit Poll 2024 Highlights: NDA predicted to make a comeback in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-exit-poll-2024-live-news-ap-assembly-election-results-date-ysr-congress-jagan-mohan-reddy-101717225672597.html |access-date=2024-06-01 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-IN |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602111033/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-pradesh-exit-poll-2024-live-news-ap-assembly-election-results-date-ysr-congress-jagan-mohan-reddy-101717225672597.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| People's Pulse
| 45–60
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''111–135'''
| 0
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''Kutami'''
| <ref name="hindustantimes_ep" />
|-
| [[India Today]]{{Ndash}}[[Axis My India]]
| 55–77
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''98–120'''
| 0–2
| style="color:black; background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |'''Kutami'''
| <ref name="hindustantimes_ep2">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-02 |title=Chandrababu Naidu-BJP-Jana Sena to wrest Andhra Pradesh from Jagan Reddy: Axis My India poll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chandrababu-naidu-bjp-jana-sena-to-wrest-andhra-pradesh-from-jagan-reddys-ysrcp-axis-my-india-poll-2547168-2024-06-02 |access-date=2024-06-02 |work=India Today |language=en-IN |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602132313/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/chandrababu-naidu-bjp-jana-sena-to-wrest-andhra-pradesh-from-jagan-reddys-ysrcp-axis-my-india-poll-2547168-2024-06-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| AARA
| style="color:white; background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |'''94–104'''
| 71–81
| 0
| style="color:white; background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}|'''YSRCP'''
| <ref name="ndtv_hp">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-01 |title=Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Exit Poll Results 2024 Highlights: Exit Polls Predict Jagan Reddy's Win |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-poll-results-2024-live-updates-assembly-election-odisha-andhra-pradesh-sikkim-arunachal-pradesh-5793708 |access-date=2024-06-01 |work=NDTV |language=en-IN |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602111104/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/exit-poll-results-2024-live-updates-assembly-election-odisha-andhra-pradesh-sikkim-arunachal-pradesh-5793708 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Times Now]]{{Ndash}}[[ETG Research|ETG]]
| style="color:white; background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |'''117–125'''
| 50–58
| 0
| style="color:white; background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}|'''YSRCP'''
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=TimesNow |author=Times Now |number=1797326878098788418 |date=2 June 2024 |title=#AssemblyElections | #ElectionsWithTimesNow: Times Now - @ETG_Research #ExitPoll Predictions: Andhra Pradesh (Total seats: 175) {{!}} Here are the seat share projections: - YSRCP: 117-125; - NDA: 50-58. Here are the vote share projections: - YSRCP: 51%; - NDA: 47% |access-date=2024-06-03}}</ref>
|}

== Results ==
The results of the election were announced on 4 June 2024. The Kutami achieved a sweeping victory securing a total of 164 seats. The TDP won 135 out of the 144 seats it contested, JSP secured all 21 seats it contested and the BJP won 8 out of its 10 contested seats.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|first= |date= |title=AP election results 2024 highlights: Chandrababu Naidu celebrates after TDP registers sweeping victory in Andhra Pradesh Assembly elections |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live/article68246162.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=[[The Hindu]] | language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2024-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620100926/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live/article68246162.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Andhra Pradesh Election Results 2024: AP Assembly Election 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/results |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=[[The Times of India]] | language=en |archive-date=13 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813062205/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/results |url-status=live }}</ref> The incumbent YSRCP faced severe anti-incumbency and managed to win only 11 out of the 175 seats it contested.<ref>{{Cite news |title=People s disillusionment led to YSRCP s Embarrassing Defeat |url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994716678/Peoples-disillusionment-led-to-YSRCPs-Embarrassing-Defeat |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=India Herald |language=en |archive-date=16 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916071417/https://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994716678/Peoples-disillusionment-led-to-YSRCPs-Embarrassing-Defeat |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-05 |title=Why Andhra Pradesh voters turned against Jagan Mohan Reddy and YSRCP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/andhra-pradesh-voters-turned-against-jagan-mohan-reddy-ysrcp-9374011/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612133854/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/andhra-pradesh-voters-turned-against-jagan-mohan-reddy-ysrcp-9374011/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This result marked the worst defeat in [[Elections in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh's electoral history]], with the YSRCP unable to even secure the position of the [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|opposition]] in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-06 |title=Jagan Mohan Reddy must rebuild party, lie low with strategic silence: Analyst |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/andhra-pradesh/jagan-mohan-reddy-must-rebuild-party-lie-low-with-strategic-silence-analyst/articleshow/110752679.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084243/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/andhra-pradesh/jagan-mohan-reddy-must-rebuild-party-lie-low-with-strategic-silence-analyst/articleshow/110752679.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudhir |first=S. N. V. |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024 {{!}} Naidu routs Jagan in mega comeback |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-naidu-routs-jagan-in-mega-comeback-3053746 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084243/https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-naidu-routs-jagan-in-mega-comeback-3053746 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Kutami swept all districts except for the [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]], causing the YSRCP to lose many of its previously considered strongholds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naidu |first=T. Appala |date=2024-06-04 |title=Five Ministers in Jagan's Cabinet face defeat in Godavari region |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/five-ministers-in-jagans-cabinet-face-defeat-in-godavari-region/article68251765.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084243/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/five-ministers-in-jagans-cabinet-face-defeat-in-godavari-region/article68251765.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-16 |title=With power to YSRCP ceiling fan switched off, hot days beckon Jagan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/story/with-power-to-ysrcp-ceiling-fan-switched-off-hot-days-beckon-jagan-2553868-2024-06-16 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084243/https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/story/with-power-to-ysrcp-ceiling-fan-switched-off-hot-days-beckon-jagan-2553868-2024-06-16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Naidu's TDP leads NDA's decimation of YSRCP in Andhra, reduces Jagan to 11 Assembly and 4 LS seats |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chandrababu-naidu-tdp-nda-andhra-pradesh-jagan-lok-sabha-assembly-seats-9372129/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084244/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/chandrababu-naidu-tdp-nda-andhra-pradesh-jagan-lok-sabha-assembly-seats-9372129/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Minhaz |first=Ayesha |date=2024-06-11 |title=TDP-JSP-BJP juggernaut heralds a major shift in Andhra Pradesh's politics |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/election-2024/andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-chandrababu-naidy-jagan-mohan-reddy-anti-incumbency/article68266643.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Frontline |language=en |archive-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809110052/https://frontline.thehindu.com/election-2024/andhra-pradesh-lok-sabha-election-chandrababu-naidy-jagan-mohan-reddy-anti-incumbency/article68266643.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The INDIA alliance failed to win any seats in the election.

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|-
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}; color:black; width:93.71%;" | '''164'''
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}; color:white; width:6.29%;" | '''11'''
|-
| '''Kutami'''
| '''YSRCP'''
|}

===Vote share===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Vote share by party
| label1 = Telugu Desam Party
| value1 = 45.60
| color1 = {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| label2 = YSR Congress Party
| value2 = 39.38
| color2 = {{party color|YSR Congress Party}}
| label3 = Janasena Party
| value3 = 6.87
| color3 = {{party color|Janasena Party}}
| label4 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| value4 = 2.83
| color4 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| label5 = Others
| value5 = 5.32
| color5 = {{party color|Others}}
}}

===Seat share===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Seat share by party
| label1 = Telugu Desam Party
| value1 = 77.14
| color1 = {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| label2 = Janasena Party
| value2 = 12.00
| color2 = {{party color|Janasena Party}}
| label3 = YSR Congress Party
| value3 = 6.29
| color3 = {{party color|YSR Congress Party}}
| label4 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| value4 = 4.57
| color4 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
}}

=== Results by party ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Source:<ref name="Andhra Pradesh Election results 2024: With 135 seats in kitty, Chandrababu Naidu set to become CM for the fourth time">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Andhra Pradesh Election results 2024: With 135 seats in kitty, Chandrababu Naidu set to become CM for the fourth time |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/election-results-2024-naidu-set-to-become-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-for-fourth-time-complete-rout-for-jagans-ysrcp/article68251434.ece |access-date=5 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605121439/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/election-results-2024-naidu-set-to-become-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-for-fourth-time-complete-rout-for-jagans-ysrcp/article68251434.ece |archive-date=5 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
! colspan="4" rowspan="2" | Alliance/Party
! colspan="3" | Popular vote
! colspan="3" | Seats
|-
! Votes
! %
! ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! Contested
! Won
! '''+/−'''
|-
| rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Kutami]]
| {{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| 15,384,576
| 45.60
| {{increase}} 6.43
| 144
| 135
| {{increase}} 112
|-
| {{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
| [[Janasena Party]]
| 2,317,747
| 6.87
| {{increase}} 1.34
| 21
| 21
| {{increase}} 20
|-
| {{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 953,977
| 2.83
| {{increase}} 1.99
| 10
| 8
| {{increase}} 8
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#f3f6a0" | Total
| style="background:#f3f6a0" | 18,656,300
| style="background:#f3f6a0" | 55.30
| style="background:#f3f6a0" | N/A
| style="background:#f3f6a0" | 175
| style="background:#f3f6a0" | 164
| style="background:#f3f6a0" | N/A
|-
| {{Party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
| colspan="3" | [[YSR Congress Party]]
| 13,284,134
| 39.38
| {{decrease}} 10.57
| 175
| 11
| {{decrease}} 140
|-
| rowspan="4" {{Party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| rowspan="4"| [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| {{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 580,613
| 1.72
| {{increase}} 0.55
| 158
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| 43,012
| 0.13
| {{decrease}} 0.19
| 8
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| {{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
| [[Communist Party of India]]
| 12,832
| 0.04
| {{decrease}} 0.07
| 8
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| colspan="2"style="background:#E5F8FF" | Total
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 636,457
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 1.89
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | N/A
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 175
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | 0
| style="background:#E5F8FF" | N/A
|-
| {{Party color cell|Other}}
| colspan="3" | Other parties
| 427,218
| 1.26
| N/A
| 877
| 0
| N/A
|-
| {{Party color cell|Independent (politician)}}
| colspan="3" | [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
| 367,141
| 1.09
| {{increase}} 0.18
| 985
| 0
| {{steady}}
|-
| style="background:Black" |
| colspan="3" | [[None of the above (India)|NOTA]]
| 365,667
| 1.08
| {{decrease}} 0.20
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
! colspan="4" | Total
! 33,736,917
! 100.00
! N/A
! 2,387
! 175
! N/A
|-
| colspan="10"|
|-
! colspan="10"|Vote statistics
|-
| colspan="4" | Valid votes
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
! colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
| colspan="4" | Invalid votes
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Votes cast/Turnout'''
| align="right" | '''33,838,349'''
| align="right" | '''81.86'''
|-
| colspan="4" | Abstentions
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| colspan="4" | '''Registered voters'''
| align="right" | 41,333,702
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|}

=== Results by region ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" | Region
! rowspan="2" | Seats
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|-
! [[Kutami]]
! [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|-
! North Coastal Andhra{{Efn|Includes [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]], [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]], [[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]], [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]], [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]] and [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]] districts}}
! 35
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 33
| 2
|-
! Godavari{{Efn|Includes [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]], [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]], [[Eluru district|Eluru]], [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]] and [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]] districts}}
! 35
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 35
| 0
|-
! Amaravati{{Ndash}}APCR{{Efn|Includes [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]], [[Guntur district|Guntur]], [[Krishna district|Krishna]], [[NTR district|NTR]] and [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]] districts}}
! 34
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 34
| 0
|-
! South Coastal Andhra{{Efn|Includes [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]], [[Nellore district|Nellore]] and [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]] districts}}
! 23
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 21
| 2
|-
! Rayalaseema{{Efn|Includes [[Anantapur district|Ananthapuramu]], [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]], [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]], [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]], [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]], [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]] and [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]] districts}}
! 48
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 41
| 7
|-
! Total
! 175
! 164
! 11
|}

===Results by district===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" | District
! rowspan="2" | Seats
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
|-
! [[Kutami]]
! [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|-
! [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 8
| 0
|-
! [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
! 4
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 4
| 0
|-
! [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 6
| 0
|-
! [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
! 3
| 1
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}} ; color:white;" | 2
|-
! [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[NTR district|NTR]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 6
| 0
|-
! [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 6
| 2
|-
! [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 8
| 0
|-
! [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 6
| 1
|-
! [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 4
| 2
|-
! [[Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 5
| 2
|-
! [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 7
| 0
|-
! [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
! 7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 5
| 2
|-
! [[Anantapur district|Ananthapuramu]]
! 8
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 8
| 0
|-
! [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
! 6
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}} ; color:black;" | 6
| 0
|-
! Total
! 175
! 164
! 11
|}

===Results by constituency===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;font-size:94%;"
! rowspan="2" | District
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="5" | Winner
! colspan="5" | Runner-up
! rowspan="2" | Margin
|-
! No.
! Name
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
! Candidate
! colspan="2" | Party
! Votes
! %
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
! 1
| [[Ichchapuram Assembly constituency|Ichchapuram]]
| [[Ashok Bendalam|Bendalam Ashok]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 110,612
| 58.58
| Piriya Vijaya
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 70,829
| 37.51
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 39,783
|-
! 2
| [[Palasa Assembly constituency|Palasa]]
| [[Gouthu Sireesha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 101,560
| 60.44
| [[Seediri Appalaraju]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 61,210
| 36.43
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 40,350
|-
! 3
| [[Tekkali Assembly constituency|Tekkali]]
| [[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 107,923
| 55.71
| [[Duvvada Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 73,488
| 37.94
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 34,435
|-
! 4
| [[Pathapatnam Assembly constituency|Pathapatnam]]
| [[Mamidi Govinda Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 89,452
| 54.76
| [[Reddy Shanthi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,925
| 38.52
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 26,527
|-
! 5
| [[Srikakulam Assembly constituency|Srikakulam]]
| [[Gondu Shankar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 117,091
| 60.93
| [[Dharmana Prasada Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,570
| 33.60
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 52,521
|-
! 6
| [[Amadalavalasa Assembly constituency|Amadalavalasa]]
| [[Koona Ravi Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 88,003
| 55.45
| [[Thammineni Seetharam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 52,971
| 33.38
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 35,032
|-
! 7
| [[Etcherla Assembly constituency|Etcherla]]
| [[Nadukuditi Eswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 112,770
| 54.59
| [[Gorle Kiran Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 83,681
| 40.51
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 29,089
|-
! 8
| [[Narasannapeta Assembly constituency|Narasannapeta]]
| [[Baggu Ramanamurthy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 99,951
| 56.35
| [[Dharmana Krishna Das]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 70,580
| 39.79
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 29,371
|-
| [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
! 9
| [[Rajam Assembly constituency|Rajam]] (SC)
| [[Kondru Murali Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 94,385
| 53.48
| Tale Rajesh
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 73,663
| 41.74
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 20,722
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
! 10
| [[Palakonda Assembly constituency|Palakonda]] (ST)
| [[Nimmaka Jaya Krishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 75,208
| 50.69
| [[Viswasarayi Kalavathi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 61,917
| 41.73
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 13,291
|-
! 11
| [[Kurupam Assembly constituency|Kurupam]] (ST)
| [[Jagadeeswari Thoyaka]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 83,355
| 53.68
| [[Pamula Pushpa Sreevani]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 59,855
| 38.54
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 23,500
|-
! 12
| [[Parvathipuram Assembly constituency|Parvathipuram]] (SC)
| [[Bonela Vijaya Chandra]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 83,905
| 55.33
| [[Alajangi Jogarao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 59,491
| 39.23
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 24,414
|-
! 13
| [[Salur Assembly constituency|Salur]] (ST)
| [[Gummidi Sandhyarani]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 80,211
| 50.65
| [[Peedika Rajanna Dora]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 66,478
| 41.98
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 13,733
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
! 14
| [[Bobbili Assembly constituency|Bobbili]]
| [[Ravu Venkata Swetha Chalapathi Kumara Krishna Rangarao|Ravu Venkata Swetha Kumara Krishna Ranga Rao (BabyNayana)]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 112,366
| 59.45
| [[S. V. China Appala Naidu|Sambangi Venkata China Appalanaidu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 67,718
| 35.83
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 44,648
|-
! 15
| [[Cheepurupalli Assembly constituency|Cheepurupalli]]
| [[Kimidi Kalavenkata Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 88,225
| 50.98
| [[Botsa Satyanarayana|Botcha Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 76,254
| 44.06
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 11,971
|-
! 16
| [[Gajapathinagaram Assembly constituency|Gajapathinagaram]]
| [[Kondapalli Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 98,051
| 54.99
| [[Botcha Appalanarasayya]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 72,750
| 40.80
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 25,301
|-
! 17
| [[Nellimarla Assembly constituency|Nellimarla]]
| [[Lokam Naga Madhavi]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 109,915
| 57.75
| [[Baddukonda Appala Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 70,086
| 36.38
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 39,829
|-
! 18
| [[Vizianagaram Assembly constituency|Vizianagaram]]
| [[Pusapati Aditi Vijayalakshmi|Puspati Aditi Vijayalakshmi Gajapathi Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 121,241
| 64.21
| [[Kolagatla Veerabhadra Swamy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 60,632
| 32.11
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 60,609
|-
! 19
| [[Srungavarapukota Assembly constituency|Srungavarapukota]]
| [[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 111,026
| 58.36
| [[Kadubandi Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 72,236
| 37.97
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 38,790
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
! 20
| [[Bheemili Assembly constituency|Bhimili]]
| [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 176,230
| 63.34
| [[Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 83,829
| 30.13
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 92,401
|-
! 21
| [[Visakhapatnam East Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam East]]
| [[Velagapudi Ramakrishna Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 132,047
| 64.89
| [[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 61,170
| 30.06
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 70,877
|-
! 22
| [[Visakhapatnam South Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam South]]
| [[Vamsi Krishna Srinivasa Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 97,868
| 70.23
| [[Vasupalli Ganesh Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 33,274
| 23.87
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 64,594
|-
! 23
| [[Visakhapatnam North Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam North]]
| [[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 108,801
| 57.81
| Kammila Kannaparaju
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 61,267
| 32.55
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 47,534
|-
! 24
| [[Visakhapatnam West Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam West]]
| [[P. G. V. R. Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 90,805
| 60.13
| Adari Anand Kumar
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 55,621
| 36.83
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 35,184
|-
! 25
| [[Gajuwaka Assembly constituency|Gajuwaka]]
| [[Palla Srinivasa Rao Yadav|Palla Srinivas Rao Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 157,703
| 67.30
| [[Gudivada Amarnath]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,468
| 26.66
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 95,235
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 26
| [[Chodavaram Assembly constituency|Chodavaram]]
| [[Kalidindi Suryana Naga Sanyasi Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 109,651
| 59.03
| [[Karanam Dharmasri]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 67,462
| 36.32
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 42,189
|-
! 27
| [[Madugula Assembly constituency|Madugula]]
| [[Bandaru Satyanarayana Murthy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 91,869
| 55.60
| Eerli Anuradha
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 63,843
| 38.64
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 28,026
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
! 28
| [[Araku Valley Assembly constituency|Araku Valley]] (ST)
| [[Regam Matyalingam]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 65,658
| 36.71
| Pangi Rajarao
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 33,781
| 18.89
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color: White;" | 31,877
|-
! 29
| [[Paderu Assembly constituency|Paderu]] (ST)
| [[Matsyarasa Visweswara Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 68,170
| 42.30
| [[Giddi Eswari]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 48,832
| 30.30
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 19,338
|-
| [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 30
| [[Anakapalle Assembly constituency|Anakapalle]]
| [[Konathala Ramakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 115,126
| 66.63
| Malasala Bharath Kumar
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 49,362
| 28.57
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 65,764
|-
| [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
! 31
| [[Pendurthi Assembly constituency|Pendurthi]]
| [[Panchakarla Ramesh Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 149,611
| 65.01
| [[Annamreddy Adeep Raj]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 67,741
| 29.43
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 81,870
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
! 32
| [[Elamanchili Assembly constituency|Elamanchili]]
| [[Sundarapu Vijay Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 109,443
| 61.00
| [[Kanna Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 60,487
| 33.71
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 48,956
|-
! 33
| [[Payakaraopet Assembly constituency|Payakaraopet]] (SC)
| [[Vangalapudi Anitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 120,042
| 57.86
| [[Kambala Jogulu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 76,315
| 36.78
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 43,727
|-
! 34
| [[Narsipatnam Assembly constituency|Narsipatnam]]
| [[Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 99,849
| 54.60
| Uma Shankar Ganesh
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,173
| 41.11
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 24,676
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 35
| [[Tuni Assembly constituency|Tuni]]
| [[Yanamala Divya]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 97,206
| 51.31
| [[Dadisetti Ramalingeswara Rao|Dadisetty Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 82,029
| 43.30
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 15,177
|-
! 36
| [[Prathipadu, Kakinada Assembly constituency|Prathipadu (Kakinada)]]
| [[Varupula Satyaprabha|Varupula Satya Prabha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,002
| 58.36
| Varupula Subbarao
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,234
| 36.40
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 38,768
|-
! 37
| [[Pithapuram Assembly constituency|Pithapuram]]
| [[Pawan Kalyan]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 134,394
| 64.87
| [[Vanga Geetha]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,115
| 30.95
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 70,279
|-
! 38
| [[Kakinada Rural Assembly constituency|Kakinada Rural]]
| [[Pantham Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 134,414
| 65.11
| [[Kurasala Kannababu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,374
| 30.21
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 72,040
|-
! 39
| [[Peddapuram Assembly constituency|Peddapuram]]
| [[Nimmakayala Chinarajappa]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 105,685
| 59.09
| Davuluru Dora Babu
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 65,234
| 36.47
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 40,451
|-
| [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 40
| [[Anaparthy Assembly constituency|Anaparthy]]
| [[Nallamilli Ramakrishna Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 105,720
| 53.73
| [[Sathi Suryanarayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 84,870
| 43.14
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 20,850
|-
| [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 41
| [[Kakinada City Assembly constituency|Kakinada City]]
| [[Vanamadi Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 113,014
| 63.78
| [[Dwarampudi Chandrasekhar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 56,442
| 31.86
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 56,572
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
! 42
| [[Ramachandrapuram Assembly constituency|Ramachandrapuram]]
| [[Vasamsetti Subhash]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 97,652
| 55.68
| Pilli Surya Prakash
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 71,361
| 40.69
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 26,291
|-
! 43
| [[Mummidivaram Assembly constituency|Mummidivaram]]
| [[Datla Subbaraju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 118,687
| 57.25
| [[Ponnada Venkata Satish Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 79,951
| 38.56
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 38,736
|-
! 44
| [[Amalapuram Assembly constituency|Amalapuram]] (SC)
| [[Aithabathula Anandarao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 104,022
| 58.56
| [[Pinipe Viswarup]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 65,394
| 36.81
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 38,628
|-
! 45
| [[Razole Assembly constituency|Razole]] (SC)
| [[Deva Varaprasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 95,514
| 60.13
| Gollapalli Surya Rao
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 56,503
| 35.57
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 39,011
|-
! 46
| [[Gannavaram, Konaseema Assembly constituency|Gannavaram (Konaseema)]] (SC)
| [[Giddi Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 96,108
| 57.14
| Vipparthi Venugopal Rao
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,741
| 37.3
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 33,367
|-
! 47
| [[Kothapeta Assembly constituency|Kothapeta]]
| [[Bandaru Satyananda Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 134,286
| 61.7
| [[Chirla Jaggireddy|Chirla Jaggi Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 77,807
| 35.75
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 56,479
|-
! 48
| [[Mandapeta Assembly constituency|Mandapeta]]
| [[V. Jogeswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 116,309
| 59.94
| [[Thota Trimurthulu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 71,874
| 37.04
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 44,435
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 49
| [[Rajanagaram Assembly constituency|Rajanagaram]]
| [[Bathula Balaramakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 105,995
| 55.51
| [[Jakkampudi Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 71,946
| 37.68
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 34,049
|-
! 50
| [[Rajahmundry City Assembly constituency|Rajahmundry City]]
| [[Adireddy Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 123,291
| 67.69
| [[Margani Bharat]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 51,887
| 28.49
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 71,404
|-
! 51
| [[Rajahmundry Rural Assembly constituency|Rajahmundry Rural]]
| [[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 129,060
| 63.87
| [[C. S. Venugopala Krishna]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,970
| 32.15
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 64,090
|-
| [[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
! 52
| [[Jaggampeta Assembly constituency|Jaggampeta]]
| [[Jyothula Nehru]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 113,593
| 58.56
| [[Thota Narasimham]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 60,917
| 31.40
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 52,676
|-
| [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]]
! 53
| [[Rampachodavaram Assembly constituency|Rampachodavaram]] (ST)
| [[Miriyala Sirisha Devi|Miryala Sirisha Devi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 90,087
| 42.80
| [[Nagulapalli Dhanalakshmi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 80,948
| 38.45
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 9,139
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 54
| [[Kovvur Assembly constituency|Kovvur]] (SC)
| [[Muppidi Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 92,743
| 58.29
| [[Talari Venkat Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 58,797
| 36.95
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 33,946
|-
! 55
| [[Nidadavole Assembly constituency|Nidadavole]]
| [[Kandula Durgesh]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 102,699
| 56.27
| [[Geddam Srinivas Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 69,395
| 38.02
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 33,304
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
! 56
| [[Achanta Assembly constituency|Achanta]]
| [[Satyanarayana Pithani]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 85,402
| 56.73
| [[Cherukuvada Sri Ranganadha Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 58,848
| 39.09
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 26,554
|-
! 57
| [[Palakollu Assembly constituency|Palakollu]]
| [[Nimmala Ramanaidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 111,471
| 69.30
| Gudala Sri Hari Gopala Rao
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 44,590
| 27.67
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 66,881
|-
! 58
| [[Narasapuram Assembly constituency|Narasapuram]]
| [[Bommidi Narayana Nayakar]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 94,116
| 64.72
| Mudunuri Prasad Raju
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 44,378
| 30.52
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 49,738
|-
! 59
| [[Bhimavaram Assembly constituency|Bhimavaram]]
| [[Pulaparthi Ramanjaneyulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 130,424
| 63.94
| [[Grandhi Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 63,450
| 31.11
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 66,974
|-
! 60
| [[Undi Assembly constituency|Undi]]
| [[Kanumuru Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 116,902
| 59.80
| P. V. L. Narasimha Raju
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 60,125
| 30.76
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 56,777
|-
! 61
| [[Tanuku Assembly constituency|Tanuku]]
| [[Arimilli Radha Krishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 129,547
| 66.51
| [[Karumuri Venkata Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 57,426
| 29.48
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 72,121
|-
! 62
| [[Tadepalligudem Assembly constituency|Tadepalligudem]]
| [[Bolisetti Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 116,443
| 65.40
| [[Kottu Satyanarayana]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 53,951
| 30.30
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 62,492
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 63
| [[Unguturu Assembly constituency|Unguturu]]
| [[Dharmaraju Patsamatla]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 108,894
| 59.63
| [[Puppala Srinivasa Rao|Puppala Vasubabu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 63,949
| 35.02
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 44,945
|-
! 64
| [[Denduluru Assembly constituency|Denduluru]]
| [[Chintamaneni Prabhakar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 107,287
| 55.11
| [[Kotaru Abbaya Chowdary]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 81,021
| 41.62
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 26,266
|-
! 65
| [[Eluru Assembly constituency|Eluru]]
| [[Radha Krishnayya Badeti]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 111,562
| 67.09
| [[Alla Kali Krishna Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 49,174
| 29.57
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 62,388
|-
| [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
! 66
| [[Gopalapuram Assembly constituency|Gopalapuram]] (SC)
| [[Maddipati Venkata Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 114,420
| 54.06
| [[Taneti Vanitha]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 87,636
| 41.40
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 26,784
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 67
| [[Polavaram Assembly constituency|Polavaram]] (ST)
| [[Chirri Balaraju]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 101,453
| 46.33
| Tellam Rajyalakshmi
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 93,518
| 42.70
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 7,935
|-
! 68
| [[Chintalapudi Assembly constituency|Chintalapudi]] (SC)
| [[Roshan Kumar Songa]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 120,126
| 53.30
| Kambham Vijayaraju
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 92,360
| 40.98
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 27,766
|-
| [[NTR district|NTR]]
! 69
| [[Tiruvuru Assembly constituency|Tiruvuru]] (SC)
| [[Kolikapudi Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 100,719
| 54.91
| [[Nallagatla Swamy Das]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 78,845
| 42.99
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 21,874
|-
| [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 70
| [[Nuzvid Assembly constituency|Nuzvid]]
| [[Kolusu Parthasarathy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 108,229
| 51.12
| [[Meka Venkata Pratap Apparao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 95,851
| 45.27
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 12,378
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
! 71
| [[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram (Krishna)]]
| [[Yarlagadda Venkata Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 135,552
| 56.59
| [[Vallabhaneni Vamsi Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 97,924
| 40.88
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 37,628
|-
! 72
| [[Gudivada Assembly constituency|Gudivada]]
| [[Venigandla Ramu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 109,980
| 64.09
| [[Kodali Nani|Kodali Sri Venkateswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 56,940
| 33.18
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 53,040
|-
| [[Eluru district|Eluru]]
! 73
| [[Kaikalur Assembly constituency|Kaikalur]]
| [[Kamineni Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 109,280
| 60.38
| [[Dulam Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,007
| 35.36
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 45,273
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
! 74
| [[Pedana Assembly constituency|Pedana]]
| [[Kagitha Krishna Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 91,394
| 60.95
| Uppala Ramu
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 53,271
| 35.52
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 38,123
|-
! 75
| [[Machilipatnam Assembly constituency|Machilipatnam]]
| [[Kollu Ravindra]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 105,044
| 63.73
| Perni Krishnamurthy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 54,802
| 33.25
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 50,242
|-
! 76
| [[Avanigadda Assembly constituency|Avanigadda]]
| [[Mandali Buddha Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 113,460
| 60.85
| [[Simhadri Ramesh Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 67,026
| 35.95
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 46,434
|-
! 77
| [[Pamarru Assembly constituency|Pamarru]] (SC)
| [[Varla Kumar Raja]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 94,189
| 57.13
| [[Kaile Anil Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,499
| 39.12
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 29,690
|-
! 78
| [[Penamaluru Assembly constituency|Penamaluru]]
| [[Bode Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 144,912
| 61.26
| [[Jogi Ramesh]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 84,997
| 35.93
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 59,915
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[NTR district|NTR]]
! 79
| [[Vijayawada West Assembly constituency|Vijayawada West]]
| [[Sujana Chowdary]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 105,669
| 61.49
| Shaik Asif
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 58,637
| 34.12
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 47,032
|-
! 80
| [[Vijayawada Central Assembly constituency|Vijayawada Central]]
| [[Bonda Umamaheswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 130,034
| 63.52
| [[Vellampalli Srinivas]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 61,148
| 29.87
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 68,886
|-
! 81
| [[Vijayawada East Assembly constituency|Vijayawada East]]
| [[Gadde Rama Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 118,841
| 60.66
| [[Devineni Avinash]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 69,201
| 35.32
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 49,640
|-
! 82
| [[Mylavaram Assembly constituency|Mylavaram]]
| [[Vasantha Venkata Krishna Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 137,338
| 56.61
| Sarnala Tirupathi Rao Yadav
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 94,509
| 38.96
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 42,829
|-
! 83
| [[Nandigama Assembly constituency|Nandigama]] (SC)
| [[Tangirala Sowmya]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 102,201
| 56.16
| [[Monditoka Jagan Mohana Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 74,806
| 41.10
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 27,395
|-
! 84
| [[Jaggayyapeta Assembly constituency|Jaggayyapeta]]
| [[Rajagopal Sreeram]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 98,479
| 52.98
| [[Samineni Udayabhanu|Samineni Udaya Bhanu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 82,502
| 44.38
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 15,977
|-
| [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
! 85
| [[Pedakurapadu Assembly constituency|Pedakurapadu]]
| [[Bhashyam Praveen]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 112,957
| 53.97
| [[Namburu Sankara Rao|Namburu Sankar Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 91,868
| 43.89
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 21,089
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 86
| [[Tadikonda Assembly constituency|Tadikonda]] (SC)
| [[Tenali Sravan Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 109,585
| 59.52
| [[Mekathoti Sucharitha]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 69,979
| 38.01
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 39,606
|-
! 87
| [[Mangalagiri Assembly constituency|Mangalagiri]]
| [[Nara Lokesh]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 167,710
| 66.07
| Murugudu Lavanya
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 76,297
| 30.06
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 91,413
|-
! 88
| [[Ponnur Assembly constituency|Ponnuru]]
| [[Dhulipalla Narendra Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 110,410
| 56.95
| Ambati Murali
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 77,495
| 39.97
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 32,915
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 89
| [[Vemuru Assembly constituency|Vemuru]] (SC)
| [[Nakka Ananda Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 94,922
| 54.92
| Varikuti Ashok Babu
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 72,901
| 42.18
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 22,021
|-
! 90
| [[Repalle Assembly constituency|Repalle]]
| [[Anagani Satya Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 111,129
| 58.85
| Evuru Ganesh
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 71,182
| 37.70
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 39,947
|-
| [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 91
| [[Tenali Assembly constituency|Tenali]]
| [[Nadendla Manohar]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 123,961
| 60.18
| [[Annabathuni Siva Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,849
| 36.82
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 48,112
|-
| [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 92
| [[Bapatla Assembly constituency|Bapatla]]
| [[Vegesana Narendra Varma Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 90,626
| 56.21
| [[Kona Raghupathi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,858
| 38.99
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 27,768
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
! 93
| [[Prathipadu, Guntur Assembly constituency|Prathipadu (Guntur)]] (SC)
| [[Burla Ramanjaneyulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 128,665
| 58.09
| Balasani Kiran Kumar
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 86,650
| 39.12
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 42,015
|-
! 94
| [[Guntur West Assembly constituency|Guntur West]]
| [[Galla Madhavi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 116,067
| 61.58
| [[Vidadala Rajini]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 64,917
| 34.44
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 51,150
|-
! 95
| [[Guntur East Assembly constituency|Guntur East]]
| [[Mohammed Nasser Ahmed|Mohammed Naseer Ahmed]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 100,815
| 56.17
| Shaik Noori Fathima
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 68,853
| 38.36
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 31,962
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
! 96
| [[Chilakaluripet Assembly constituency|Chilakaluripet]]
| [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 111,062
| 56.84
| K. Manohar Naidu
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 77,800
| 39.82
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 33,262
|-
! 97
| [[Narasaraopet Assembly constituency|Narasaraopet]]
| [[Chadalavada Aravinda Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,167
| 53.98
| [[Gopireddy Srinivasa Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 83,462
| 43.67
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 19,705
|-
! 98
| [[Sattenapalle Assembly constituency|Sattenapalle]]
| [[Kanna Lakshminarayana|Kanna Lakshminaraya]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 117,965
| 55.50
| [[Ambati Rambabu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 90,129
| 42.40
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 27,836
|-
! 99
| [[Vinukonda Assembly constituency|Vinukonda]]
| [[G. V. Anjaneyulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 131,438
| 55.06
| [[Bolla Brahma Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 101,171
| 42.38
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 30,267
|-
! 100
| [[Gurazala Assembly constituency|Gurajala]]
| [[Yarapathineni Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 1,28,201
| 55.01
| [[Kasu Mahesh Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 98,715
| 42.36
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 29,486
|-
! 101
| [[Macherla Assembly constituency|Macherla]]
| [[Julakanti Brahmananda Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 122,413
| 55.62
| [[Pinnelli Ramakrishna Reddy|Pinnelli Rama Krishna Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 89,095
| 40.48
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 33,318
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 102
| [[Yerragondapalem Assembly constituency|Yerragondapalem]] (SC)
| [[Tatiparthi Chandrasekhar]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 91,741
| 49.40
| Guduri Erixion Babu
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 86,541
| 46.60
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 5,200
|-
! 103
| [[Darsi Assembly constituency|Darsi]]
| [[Buchepalli Siva Prasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |101,889
| 49.20
| Gottipati Lakshmi
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 99,433
| 48.01
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 2,456
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
! 104
| [[Parchur Assembly constituency|Parchur]]
| [[Yeluri Sambasiva Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 110,575
| 54.67
| Yadam Balaji
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 86,562
| 42.79
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 24,013
|-
! 105
| [[Addanki Assembly constituency|Addanki]]
| [[Gottipati Ravi Kumar|Gottipati Ravikumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 116,418
| 54.02
| Panem Hanimi Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 91,528
| 42.47
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 24,890
|-
! 106
| [[Chirala Assembly constituency|Chirala]]
| [[Madduluri Malakondaiah Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 72,700
| 42.68
| Karanam Venkatesh
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 51,716
| 30.36
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 20,984
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 107
| [[Santhanuthalapadu Assembly constituency|Santhanuthalapadu]] (SC)
| [[B. N. Vijaya Kumar|B. N. Vijay Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 105,757
| 55.69
| [[Merugu Nagarjuna]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,372
| 39.69
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 30,385
|-
! 108
| [[Ongole Assembly constituency|Ongole]]
| [[Damacharla Janardhana Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 118,800
| 56.76
| [[Balineni Srinivasa Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 84,774
| 40.50
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 34,026
|-
| [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 109
| [[Kandukur Assembly constituency|Kandukur]]
| [[Inturi Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 109,173
| 52.8
| [[Burra Madhu Sudhan Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 90,615
| 43.82
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 18,558
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
! 110
| [[Kondapi Assembly constituency|Kondapi]] (SC)
| [[Dola Sree Bala Veeranjaneya Swamy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 116,674
| 54.53
| [[Audimulapu Suresh]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 91,918
| 42.96
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 24,756
|-
! 111
| [[Markapuram Assembly constituency|Markapuram]]
| [[Kandula Narayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 99,005
| 51.85
| [[Anna Rambabu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 85,026
| 44.53
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 13,979
|-
! 112
| [[Giddalur Assembly constituency|Giddalur]]
| [[Muthumula Ashok Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |98,463
| 47.60
| K. P. Nagarjuna Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 97,490
| 47.13
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 973
|-
! 113
| [[Kanigiri Assembly constituency|Kanigiri]]
| [[Mukku Ugra Narasimha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 1,07,045
| 51.93
| Daddala Narayana Yadav
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 92,441
| 44.84
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 14,604
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 114
| [[Kavali Assembly constituency|Kavali]]
| [[Dagumati Venkata Krishna Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 106,536
| 53.27
| [[Ramireddy Pratap Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,588
| 37.80
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 30,948
|-
! 115
| [[Atmakur Assembly constituency|Atmakur]]
| [[Anam Ramanarayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 91,165
| 49.85
| [[Mekapati Vikram Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 83,589
| 45.7
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 7,576
|-
! 116
| [[Kovur Assembly constituency|Kovur]]
| [[Vemireddy Prashanti Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 130,623
| 60.68
| [[Nallapareddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 76,040
| 35.33
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 54,583
|-
! 117
| [[Nellore City Assembly constituency|Nellore City]]
| [[Ponguru Narayana]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 120,551
| 68.99
| Mohammad Khaleel
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 48,062
| 27.51
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 72,489
|-
! 118
| [[Nellore Rural Assembly constituency|Nellore Rural]]
| [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 109,975
| 56.53
| [[Adala Prabhakara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,495
| 38.81
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 34,480
|-
! 119
| [[Sarvepalli Assembly constituency|Sarvepalli]]
| [[Somireddy Chandra Mohan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,278
| 52.77
| [[Kakani Govardhan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 86,990
| 44.45
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 16,288
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
! 120
| [[Gudur Assembly constituency|Gudur]] (SC)
| [[Pasam Sunil Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 102,675
| 52.77
| Meruga Murali
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 81,483
| 41.88
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 21,192
|-
! 121
| [[Sullurpeta Assembly constituency|Sullurpeta]] (SC)
| [[Nelavala Vijayasree]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 111,048
| 54.67
| [[Kiliveti Sanjeevaiah]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 81,933
| 40.33
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 29,115
|-
! 122
| [[Venkatagiri Assembly constituency|Venkatagiri]]
| [[Kurugondla Ramakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 104,398
| 52.31
| Nedurumalli Ramkumar Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 88,104
| 44.15
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 16,294
|-
| [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
! 123
| [[Udayagiri Assembly constituency|Udayagiri]]
| [[Kakarla Suresh]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 101,537
| 50.54
| Mekapati Rajagopal Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 91,916
| 45.75
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 9,621
|-
| [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
! 124
| [[Badvel Assembly constituency|Badvel]] (SC)
| [[Dasari Sudha]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 90,410
| 51.70
| Bojja Roshanna
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 71,843
| 41.08
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};color:White;" | 18,567
|-
| [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 125
| [[Rajampet Assembly constituency|Rajampet]]
| [[Akepati Amarnath Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 92,609
| 50.18
| Bala Subramanyam Sugavasi
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 85,593
| 46.38
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 7,016
|-
| [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
! 126
| [[Kadapa Assembly constituency|Kadapa]]
| [[Reddeppagari Madhavi]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 90,988
| 47.76
| [[Amzath Basha Shaik Bepari]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 72,128
| 37.86
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 18,860
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 127
| [[Kodur Assembly constituency|Kodur]] (SC)
| [[Arava Sreedhar]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 78,594
| 51.10
| [[Koramutla Sreenivasulu|Koramutla Srinivasulu]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 67,493
| 43.88
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 11,101
|-
! 128
| [[Rayachoti Assembly constituency|Rayachoti]]
| [[Mandipalli Ramprasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 95,925
| 47.99
| [[Gadikota Srikanth Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 93,430
| 46.74
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 2,495
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
! 129
| [[Pulivendla Assembly constituency|Pulivendla]]
| [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 116,315
| 61.38
| Mareddy Ravindranatha Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 54,628
| 28.83
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 61,687
|-
! 130
| [[Kamalapuram Assembly constituency|Kamalapuram]]
| [[Putha Krishna Chaitanya Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 95,207
| 55.29
| [[Pochimareddy Ravindranath Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 69,850
| 40.56
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 25,357
|-
! 131
| [[Jammalamadugu Assembly constituency|Jammalamadugu]]
| [[C. Adinarayana Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 109,640
| 51.43
| [[Mule Sudheer Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 92,449
| 43.37
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 17,191
|-
! 132
| [[Proddatur Assembly constituency|Proddatur]]
| [[Nandyala Varada Rajulu Reddy|Nandyala Varada Rajula Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 106,712
| 53.02
| [[Rachamallu Siva Prasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 83,968
| 41.72
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 22,744
|-
! 133
| [[Mydukur Assembly constituency|Mydukur]]
| [[Putta Sudhakar Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 96,181
| 53.22
| [[Settipalli Raghurami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,231
| 41.62
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 20,950
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
! 134
| [[Allagadda Assembly constituency|Allagadda]]
| [[Bhuma Akhila Priya]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 98,881
| 49.93
| [[Gangula Brijendra Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 86,844
| 43.85
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 12,037
|-
! 135
| [[Srisailam Assembly constituency|Srisailam]]
| [[Budda Rajasekhar Reddy|Budda Raja Sekhara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 81,699
| 49.64
| [[Silpa Chakrapani Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,314
| 45.76
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 6,385
|-
! 136
| [[Nandikotkur Assembly constituency|Nandikotkur]] (SC)
| [[Githa Jayasurya]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 92,004
| 49.24
| Dara Sudheer
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 82,212
| 44.00
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 9,792
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
! 137
| [[Kurnool Assembly constituency|Kurnool]]
| [[T. G. Bharath]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 91,690
| 51.34
| A. Mohammad Imtiaz Ahmed
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 72,814
| 40.77
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 18,876
|-
! 138
| [[Panyam Assembly constituency|Panyam]]
| [[Gowru Charitha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 141,272
| 56.45
| [[Katasani Ramabhupal Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 100,681
| 40.23
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 40,591
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
! 139
| [[Nandyal Assembly constituency|Nandyal]]
| [[N. M. D. Farooq]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,075
| 49.42
| [[Silpa Ravi Chandra Kishore Reddy|Silpa Ravichandra Kishore Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 90,742
| 43.51
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 12,333
|-
! 140
| [[Banaganapalle Assembly constituency|Banaganapalle]]
| [[B. C. Janardhan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 110,603
| 53.76
| [[Katasani Rami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 85,037
| 41.33
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 25,566
|-
! 141
| [[Dhone Assembly constituency|Dhone]]
| [[Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 93,523
| 49.19
| [[Buggana Rajendranath]] Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 87,474
| 46.01
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 6,049
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
! 142
| [[Pattikonda Assembly constituency|Pattikonda]]
| [[K. E. Shyam Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 98,849
| 51.58
| [[Kangati Sreedevi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 84,638
| 44.17
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 14,211
|-
! 143
| [[Kodumur Assembly constituency|Kodumur]] (SC)
| [[Boggula Dastagiri]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 101,703
| 51.49
| Audimulapu Sateesh
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 80,120
| 40.56
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 21,583
|-
! 144
| [[Yemmiganur Assembly constituency|Yemmiganur]]
| [[Jaya Nageswara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,089
| 50.76
| [[Butta Renuka]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 87,252
| 42.96
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 15,837
|-
! 145
| [[Mantralayam Assembly constituency|Mantralayam]]
| [[Y. Balanagi Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 87,662
| 49.72
| Raghavendra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 74,857
| 42.45
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 12,805
|-
! 146
| [[Adoni Assembly constituency|Adoni]]
| [[P. V. Parthasarathi]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 89,929
| 51.06
| [[Y. Sai Prasad Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 71,765
| 40.74
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 18,164
|-
! 147
| [[Alur Assembly constituency|Alur]]
| [[Busine Virupakshi]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 100,264
| 47.65
| B. Veerabhadra Gowd
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 97,433
| 46.30
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 2,831
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
! 148
| [[Rayadurg Assembly constituency|Rayadurg]]
| [[Kalava Srinivasulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 130,309
| 57.09
| Mettu Govinda Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 88,650
| 38.84
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 41,659
|-
! 149
| [[Uravakonda Assembly constituency|Uravakonda]]
| [[Payyavula Keshav]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 102,046
| 52.46
| [[Y. Visweswara Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 80,342
| 41.30
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 21,704
|-
! 150
| [[Guntakal Assembly constituency|Guntakal]]
| [[Gummanur Jayaram|Gummanuru Jayaram]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 101,700
| 49.19
| [[Y. Venkatarama Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 94,874
| 45.89
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 6,826
|-
! 151
| [[Tadpatri Assembly constituency|Tadipatri]]
| [[J.C.Ashmit Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 113,755
| 54.77
| [[Kethireddy Pedda Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 86,024
| 41.42
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 27,731
|-
! 152
| [[Singanamala Assembly constituency|Singanamala]] (SC)
| [[Bandaru Sravani Sree]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 102,957
| 49.44
| M. Veeranjaneyulu
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 94,169
| 45.22
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 8,788
|-
! 153
| [[Anantapur Urban Assembly constituency|Anantapur Urban]]
| [[Daggupati Venkateswara Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,334
| 54.51
| [[Anantha Venkatarami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 80,311
| 42.36
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 23,023
|-
! 154
| [[Kalyandurg Assembly constituency|Kalyandurg]]
| [[Amilineni Surendra Babu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 118,878
| 57.75
| [[Talari Rangaiah]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 81,144
| 39.42
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 37,734
|-
! 155
| [[Raptadu Assembly constituency|Raptadu]]
| [[Paritala Sunitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 116,140
| 53.48
| [[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 92,811
| 42.74
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 23,329
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
! 156
| [[Madakasira Assembly constituency|Madakasira]] (SC)
| [[M. S. Raju (politician)|M. S. Raju]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 79,983
| 42.97
| Eera Lakkappa
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 79,632
| 42.78
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 351
|-
! 157
| [[Hindupur Assembly constituency|Hindupur]]
| [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 107,250
| 54.73
| T. N. Deepika
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 74,653
| 38.10
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 32,597
|-
! 158
| [[Penukonda Assembly constituency|Penukonda]]
| [[S. Savitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 113,832
| 54.83
| [[K. V. Ushashri Charan]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 80,444
| 38.75
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 33,388
|-
! 159
| [[Puttaparthi Assembly constituency|Puttaparthi]]
| [[Palle Sindhura Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 91,741
| 49.87
| [[Duddukunta Sreedhar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 82,981
| 45.10
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 8,760
|-
! 160
| [[Dharmavaram Assembly constituency|Dharmavaram]]
| [[Satya Kumar Yadav|Y. Satya Kumar Yadav]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party }}
| 106,544
| 48.46
| [[Kethireddy Venkatarami Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 102,810
| 46.76
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};Color:White;" | 3,734
|-
! 161
| [[Kadiri Assembly constituency|Kadiri]]
| [[Kandikunta Venkata Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 103,610
| 49.54
| B. S. Maqbool Ahmed
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 97,345
| 46.54
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 6,265
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
! 162
| [[Thamballapalle Assembly constituency|Thamballapalle]]
| [[Peddireddy Dwarakanatha Reddy|Peddireddy Dwarkanatha Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 94,136
| 50.11
| Jaya Chandra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 84,033
| 44.73
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color:White;" | 10,103
|-
! 163
| [[Pileru Assembly constituency|Pileru]]
| [[N. Kishore Kumar Reddy|Nallari Kishore Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 105,582
| 54.50
| [[Chintala Ramachandra Reddy (born 1964)|Chintala Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 80,501
| 41.55
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 25,081
|-
! 164
| [[Madanapalle Assembly constituency|Madanapalle]]
| [[Shahjahan Basha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 97,980
| 48.30
| Nissar Ahmed
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 92,471
| 45.58
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 5,509
|-
| [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
! 165
| [[Punganur Assembly constituency|Punganur]]
| [[Peddireddy Ramachandra Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 100,793
| 48.07
| Challa Ramachandra Reddy
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 94,698
| 45.16
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}};Color: White;" | 6,095
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
! 166
| [[Chandragiri Assembly constituency|Chandragiri]]
| [[Pulivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad|Pullivarthi Venkata Mani Prasad]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 143,667
| 56.29
| Chevireddy Mohith Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 99,815
| 39.10
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 43,852
|-
! 167
| [[Tirupati Assembly constituency|Tirupati]]
| [[Arani Srinivasulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Janasena Party}}
| 124,107
| 64.06
| Bhumana Abhinay Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,151
| 32.08
| style="background:{{party color|Janasena Party}};Color:White;" | 61,956
|-
! 168
| [[Srikalahasti Assembly constituency|Srikalahasti]]
| [[Bojjala Venkata Sudhir Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 121,565
| 58.08
| [[Biyyapu Madhusudhan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 78,261
| 37.39
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 43,304
|-
! 169
| [[Satyavedu Assembly constituency|Sathyavedu]] (SC)
| [[Koneti Adimulam]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 85,471
| 46.32
| Nukatoti Rajesh
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 81,732
| 44.29
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 3,739
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
! 170
| [[Nagari Assembly constituency|Nagari]]
| [[Gali Bhanu Prakash]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 107,797
| 60.38
| [[Roja Selvamani|R. K. Roja]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 62,793
| 35.17
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 45,004
|-
! 171
| [[Gangadhara Nellore Assembly constituency|Gangadhara Nellore]] (SC)
| [[V. M. Thomas]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 101,176
| 55.22
| Kalattur Krupa Lakshmi
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 75,165
| 41.02
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 26,011
|-
! 172
| [[Chittoor Assembly constituency|Chittoor]]
| [[Gurajala Jagan Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 88,066
| 52.49
| M. Vijayananda Reddy
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 73,462
| 43.78
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 14,604
|-
! 173
| [[Puthalapattu Assembly constituency|Puthalapattu]] (SC)
| [[Kalikiri Murali Mohan]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 102,137
| 50.99
| M. Sunil Kumar
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 86,503
| 43.20
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 15,634
|-
! 174
| [[Palamaner Assembly constituency|Palamaner]]
| [[N. Amarnath Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 123,232
| 52.09
| [[N. Venkate Gowda]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 103,110
| 43.59
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 20,122
|-
! 175
| [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]
| [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| 121,929
| 59.96
| K. R. J. Bharath
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| 73,923
| 36.35
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}};" | 48,006
|}

==Aftermath==
{{Main|Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry}}

[[File:Prime Minister of Bharat Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi welcomed by Andhra Pradesh CM Shri Nara Chandrababu Naidu & DCM Konidela Pawan Kalyan.jpg|thumb|211x211px|N. Chandrababu Naidu and Pawan Kalyan presenting a Lord Venkateswara idol to Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the swearing-in ceremony.]]
With [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]], National President of TDP being unanimously elected as NDA leader in the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] backed by the MLA's of the NDA alliance in the state,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrababu Naidu Elected NDA's CM Candidate For Andhra Pradesh, Swearing-in Tomorrow |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/chandrababu-naidu-elected-nda-cm-candidate-for-andhra-pradesh-swearing-in-12-june-gannavaram-pm-modi-pawan-kalyan-jana-sena-news-10166347 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=English Jagran |date=11 June 2024 |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084243/https://english.jagran.com/india/chandrababu-naidu-elected-nda-cm-candidate-for-andhra-pradesh-swearing-in-12-june-gannavaram-pm-modi-pawan-kalyan-jana-sena-news-10166347 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. V. R. Subba |date=2024-06-11 |title=TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu unanimously elected by the NDA as Andhra Pradesh's Leader of the House |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nda-unanimously-elects-chandrababu-naidu-leader-of-the-house-chief-minister/article68276248.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617031827/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/nda-unanimously-elects-chandrababu-naidu-leader-of-the-house-chief-minister/article68276248.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> the NDA formed the government with [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] being sworn in as the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] for the fourth time and [[Pawan Kalyan]] as the [[List of deputy chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]. The swearing-in ceremony for [[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu's fourth cabinet]] took place on 12 June 2024 at Kesarapalli, on the outskirts of [[Vijayawada]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-12 |title=Chandrababu Naidu to take oath as Andhra CM today; PM Modi, Amit Shah, Chiranjeevi to be present |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-chandrababu-naidu-oath-taking-ceremony-telugu-desam-party-tdp-nara-lokesh-pawan-kalyan-jana-sena-narendra-modi-amit-shah-jp-nadda-chiranjeevi-ram-charan-432977-2024-06-12 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Business Today |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084244/https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-chandrababu-naidu-oath-taking-ceremony-telugu-desam-party-tdp-nara-lokesh-pawan-kalyan-jana-sena-narendra-modi-amit-shah-jp-nadda-chiranjeevi-ram-charan-432977-2024-06-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> Prime Minister Narendra Modi, along with other dignitaries from the NDA alliance and union ministers attended the event. Notable cinema actors, including [[Rajinikanth]],[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]],[[Chiranjeevi]] and [[Ram Charan]] also graced the occasion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-12 |title=Andhra Pradesh CM Oath Taking: Chandrababu Naidu Hugs PM Modi After Taking Oath As CM; Pawan Kalyan, Nara Lokesh Also Sworn-In |url=https://www.news18.com/politics/chandrababu-naidu-oath-ceremony-live-updates-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-cbn-swearing-in-ceremony-pawan-kalyan-deputy-cm-pm-modi-tdp-bjp-nda-liveblog-8929796.html |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617084243/https://www.news18.com/politics/chandrababu-naidu-oath-ceremony-live-updates-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister-cbn-swearing-in-ceremony-pawan-kalyan-deputy-cm-pm-modi-tdp-bjp-nda-liveblog-8929796.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Elections in Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[2024 elections in India]]
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==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Andhra Pradesh elections}}
{{Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}

[[Category:2024 State Assembly elections in India|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2020s in Andhra Pradesh]]
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Jacob Panck

2026-05-04T16:58:49Z

Nonebotnone50:

{{Short description|Danish landowner and colonial administrator (c. 1648 – 1719)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jacob Panck
| office = Governor of Dannemarksnagore
| order = 4th
| monarch = [[Frederick IV of Denmark|Frederick IV]]
| predecessor = [[Johan Joachim Michelsen]]
| successor = [[Wolff Ravn]]
| term_start = 28 October 1706
| term_end = 30 August 1709
| birth_date = {{circa|1648}}
| birth_place = {{Interlanguage link|Gunderup (Aalborg Kommune)|lt=Gunderup|da}}, Denmark–Norway
| death_date = 29 May 1719
| death_place = [[Tranquebar]], Danish India
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Maren Thøgersdatter|February 9, 1676|June 11, 1689|end=d.}}|{{marriage|Ane Harding|November 1, 1689}}}}
| children = 3, including {{Interlanguage link|Poul Krisk Panck|lt=Poul|da}}
}}'''Jacob Pedersen Panck'''{{Efn|{{IPA|da|jɑkɒb pe:ðɐsən pɑng}}}} (alternative spelled '''Jakob''' and '''Panch'''; {{Circa|1648}} – 29 May 1719) was a Danish landowner and colonial administrator, being [[Governor of Dannemarksnagore]] from 28 October 1706 to 3 September 1709.

Panck was born in {{Interlanguage link|Gunderup (Aalborg Kommune)|lt=Gunderup|da}} in about 1648 and began his career as a merchant, later becoming {{Langx|da|Raadmand|label=none}} (an executive [[councillor]]) of [[Aalborg]] in 1678. Continuing in 1680, he became a member of the ''[[Guds Legems Lav]]'' ({{Literal translation|Guild of God’s Body}}), but resigned as {{Langx|da|raadmand|label=none}} in 1683. Additionally, he owned 13 properties, being the third largest landowner in Aalborg in 1682. In some of the properties, he got permission to operate hotels ({{Langx|da|herberge|label=none}}), making him the most notable contemporary hotel owner in the city.

In 1706, he came to the Danish colony of [[Tranquebar]], although he was quickly moved to the Danish [[factory]] in [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]], [[Dannemarksnagore]], where he became governor after [[Johan Joachim Michelsen]]'s death on 28 October 1706. During his tenure, Panck defended the colony [[Siege of Dannemarksnagore (1707)|during a siege]] against a local [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] governor and had to rebuild and repair various parts of the factory.

He returned to Tranquebar in 1709, eventually advancing to ''{{Langx|da|sekonde|label=none}}'' (second-in-command) of the colony's [[Privy council|Privy Council]] (''{{Langx|da|secrete råd|label=none}}'') in 1716 before resigning due to his age in 1717. He died on 29 May 1719 in Tranquebar.

== Life in Denmark ==
Jacob Panck was born in {{Interlanguage link|Gunderup (Aalborg Kommune)|lt=Gunderup|da}}'''{{Sfn|Færch|2011}}''' in about 1648 to [[town clerk]]{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=172}} and later [[Byfoged|''byfoged'']],{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|pp=144, 172}} Peder Panck,{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|pp=144, 172}}{{Sfn|Færch|2011}} and Alhed Jacobsdatter Grill.{{Sfn|Færch|2011}}

Panck began his career as a merchant,{{Sfn|Nielsen|1985|p=111}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1971|p=50}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|pp=9–10}}{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}} and on 18 May 1678,{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}} he became {{Langx|da|Raadmand|label=none}} (an executive [[councillor]]) of [[Aalborg]].{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}{{Sfn|Wangel|1996|p=64}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}} Followingly, on 2 November 1680, he became a member of the ''[[Guds Legems Lav]]'' ({{Literal translation|Guild of God’s Body}}), which was a powerful [[Merchant Guild|merchant guild]] in Aalborg.{{Sfn|Klitgaard|1931}} On 26 June 1683,{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}} he resigned as {{Langx|da|raadmand|label=none}}''{{Sfn|Wangel|1996|p=64}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}'' with royal permission.{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}{{Sfn|Wangel|1996|p=64}}
[[File:Rådmand Jacob Panck's estates in central aalborg.png|left|thumb|175x175px|{{legend|#3C337F|Some of Jacob Panck's properties in [[Aalborg]] between 1682 and 1706}}]]
Panck initially lived at 5 {{Interlanguage link|Gammeltorv (Aalborg)|lt=Gammeltorv|da}}, Aalborg,{{Efn|It is possible that Danish local historian, Kristian Værnfeldt, confused Jacob Panck with [[Aalborg]]'s other hotel owner, Kai Henrik Piper,{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=9}} who lived in 5 {{Interlanguage link|Gammeltorv (Aalborg)|lt=Gammeltorv|da}}{{Sfn|Jensen|1971|p=91}} around 1694.{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=9}}}} and owned 13 properties in the city, making him the third largest landowner there in 1682.{{Sfn|Blaabjerg|Sørensen|Hedestrand|Sørensen|1907}} This included 12 {{Interlanguage link|Nørregade (Aalborg)|lt=Nørregade|da}}, bought for 18 [[Danish rigsdaler]] in 1682,{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1971|p=50}} 52 {{Interlanguage link|Algade (Aalborg)|lt=Algade|da}}, which was rented out,''{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1964}}'' and 13 {{Interlanguage link|Bispensgade|lt=Bispensgade|da}},{{Sfn|Nielsen|1985|p=103}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|pp=10, 23}} which his later wife, Ane Harding, inherited from her mother in 1685.{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=23}} Here, he would eventually reside,{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=23}} where he also obtained permission to operate a hotel ({{Langx|da|herberg|label=none}}){{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|pp=9–11, 23}}{{Sfn|Nielsen|1985|p=103}} in 1694{{Sfn|Nielsen|1985|p=103}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|pp=9–10}} from [[King Christian V]].{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}

Panck was the most notable contemporary hotel owner in Aalborg{{Sfn|Wulff|1893}} and possibly one of the first in the city's history.{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=9}} His hotel included good [[wikt:accommodation#Noun|accommodations]], as well as a courtyard ({{Langx|da|gaardsrum|label=none}}) and a horse stable{{Sfn|Wulff|1893}} and was expanded on 23 July 1700,{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=11}} when Panck received 15 Bispensgade next door.{{Sfn|Nielsen|1985|p=103}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=11}}

== Career in India ==
In 1706, Panck and his family came to the Danish colony of [[Tranquebar]],{{Sfn|Gøbel|2025}} where he was employed in the [[Danish East India Company]] as an assistant; however, he was soon moved to the Danish [[factory]] in [[Bengal]], [[Dannemarksnagore]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}

=== Governor of Dannemarksnagore ===
{{See also|Siege of Dannemarksnagore (1707)}}
When the [[governor of Dannemarksnagore]], [[Johan Joachim Michelsen]], died on 28 October 1706,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=92, 96}} Panck became [[Provisional government|Interim Governor]], as he was the oldest assistant in the colony.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Upon his assumption as governor, Panck revealed Michelsen's accounts to be in complete disorder and now had to negotiate with his creditors.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} The local creditors demanded that the {{Abbr|D.E.I.C.|Danish East India Company}} should repay all of Michelsen's debt,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} and Panck also had a dispute with them concerning the cargo of the vessel ''Printz Carl'',{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} which had grounded{{Sfn|Smith|2019}} during a voyage to [[Safavid Persia|Persia]]{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=100}}{{Sfn|Smith|2019}} in 1705.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=100}} Additionally, he removed a drunken and lustful assistant, named Christian Crotz, who had caused disruption in the colony.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}}
[[File:Plan_of_Dannemarksnagore_5.png|thumb|266x266px|Plan of Dannemarksnagore from {{Circa|1720}} with the bastion (22), warehouses (6), hall (1),{{Efn|The hall was on the second floor, while the first floor had a [[Vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]].}} and main gate (18)]]
Meanwhile, the D.E.I.C. was dissatisfied with the cargo Panck sent to Tranquebar, and Tranquebar's [[Privy council|Privy Council]] (''{{Langx|da|secrete råd|label=none}}'') saw him as [[wikt:inchoate#Adjective|inchoate]] as governor.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Consequently, on 20 July 1707,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=54}} [[Christen Brun-Lundegaard]] was sent to Dannemarksnagore as an accountant ({{Lang|da|revideur}})'''{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}}''' and [[commissioner]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=54, 96}} However, before Brun-lundegaard reached the colony, the conditions there changed:{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} As Panck declined to repay Michelsen's debt until the colony got money from Tranquebar, the [[faujdar]] of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] now demanded larger gifts from the Danes and raised the tariffs. Subsequently, Panck started to fortify the factory, putting both personnel and the factory in the best possible defensive condition.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Nonetheless, the Mughal [[subahdar]] of Bengal, [[Azim-ush-Shan]], still [[Siege of Dannemarksnagore (1707)|began to besiege the factory]], although the siege was lifted after Panck agreed to give Azim-ush-Shan some gifts.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}}

In August 1707,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Christen Brun-Lundegaard reached Dannemarksnagore{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} with money and resources,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} and successfully continued Panck's negotiations with Michelsen's creditors.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Meanwhile, Panck discovered that a Danish captain, Adrian Blaumhagen, had practiced [[embezzlement]], and his case was subsequently brought before the court.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} In February 1708, Brun-Lundegaard departed again from Dannemarksnagore, as he had left the colony behind with money sufficient for one year.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Panck used this money to improve the factory,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} which was in bad shape{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and built with weak materials.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} As such, the factory's largest warehouse had to be rebuilt as it had collapsed, while the [[Beam (structure)|beams]] over the hall and the main gate were close to disintegrating.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Additionally, Panck had to replace a defensive earth [[bastion]] with a tall stone fortification during the siege,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} although much still had to be built from scratch.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} Furthermore, although there still was a tariff dispute with the faujdar of Hooghly, the relationship between the [[Mughals]] and the Danes had improved{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} after Panck acquired the village of [[Telenipara|Tellingapore]]{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} for the D.E.I.C. for a yearly payment of 169 [[Rupee|rupees]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}

Already at his assumption, Panck was called an aging man, and in 1708,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} he is referred to as being weak,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} about 60 years old,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} and afflicted with a [[hernia]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Despite this, he is mentioned as being honorable and capable, yet deemed unfit to serve as [[Opperhoofd|''opperhoved'']] because of his age, but also because of his jealousy.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Consequently, the Indian historian Lalit Mohan Mitra includes him in a broader categorization of incompetent governors of Dannemarksnagore, claiming he did little to further Danish trade in the colony.{{Sfn|Mitra|1952}} On the contrary, Danish colonial historian [[Kay Larsen]] differentiates between Panck and those governors who practised embezzlement,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=21}} stating that the office was burdensome because of harsh circumstances.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}}

==== Leaving Dannemarksnagore ====
Nevertheless, Panck eventually sought to return to Tranquebar,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=25}} as the Danish officials in the colony were distrustworthy and uncontrollable.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|pp=25–26}} As such, Panck left the colony aboard the vessel ''Fortuna'' around January 1709, but had to return as the ship was damaged while going down the [[Hooghly River]].{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Followingly, letters about Panck's desire to resign were sent to Tranquebar by land,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and on 30 August 1709, [[Wolff Ravn]] was chosen as the new ''opperhoved'' of the colony.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96, 100}} Subsequently, the [[yacht]] ''Gyldenløve'' departed from Tranquebar on 3 September{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96, 100}} with Ravn on board,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=26}} reaching Dannemarksnagore soon after.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} Panck consequently left the colony again around January 1710 on the ''Gyldenløve'', but also ''Gyldenløve'' got damaged, and Panck had to stay in [[Balasore]], only coming to Tranquebar on 9 October.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}}

=== Time in Tranquebar ===
At Tranquebar, Panck became a [[Cashier#Accountancy|cashier]] ({{Langx|da|kasserer|label=none}}) and fourth-in-command of the Privy Council,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} as an acknowledgement of his fairness and firmness.{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=26}} Additionally, he became {{Langx|da|kirkeværger|label=none}} ([[churchwarden]] responsible for a church's maintenance),{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} and in 1713, he became the [[chief justice]] ({{Langx|da|præces|label=none}}) of the court in a case against Wolff Ravn,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96, 100}} who also had practiced embezzlement in Dannemarksnagore.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=100}} Continuing in late 1714, Panck was installed as lower merchant ({{Langx|da|underkøbmand|label=none}}) and became third-in-command of the Privy Council{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=96}} in 1716,{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|pp=96–97}} as the company management did not find any other suitable for the position.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} Furthermore, he advanced as ''{{Langx|da|sekonde|label=none}}'' (second-in-command) of the Privy Council on 20 October 1716, and became chief justice again in the same year in another case.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}}

On 2 November 1717, the company management in Copenhagen decided to dismiss Panck due to his age, and he immediately resigned when the management's letter reached Tranquebar on 3 September 1718.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}}

== Personal life ==
Panck was first married on 9 February 1676{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}'''{{Sfn|Færch|2011}}''' to Maren Thøgersdatter,''{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}'' who was the daughter of {{Langx|da|Raadmand|label=none}} Thøger Christensen.{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}'''{{Sfn|Færch|2011}}''' However, she died on 11 June 1689, and Panck remarried on 1 November the same year{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}} with Ane Harding,''{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}'''''{{Sfn|Færch|2011}}'''{{Sfn|Wangel|1996|pp=61, 64}} who was the daughter of {{Langx|da|Raadmand|label=none}} Harding Petersen.{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}'''{{Sfn|Færch|2011}}'''{{Sfn|Wangel|1996|pp=61, 64}} Together with Harding, they had three children:{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}{{Sfn|Wangel|1996|p=61}} Peter Panck, later ''{{Langx|da|amtsforvalter|label=none}}'' (a regional economic official),{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}} {{Interlanguage link|Poul Krisk Panck|lt=Poul Krisk Panck|da}}{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}}{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1971|p=50}}''{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}'' ({{Born in|1690}}),{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} later [[governor of Tranquebar]],{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}}{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1971|p=50}}''{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}'' and Vilhelmus Panck.{{Sfn|Nielsen|1879|p=144}}

Jacob Panck died soon after his resignation, on 29 May 1719,{{Efn|Other sources say 1713.{{Sfn|Nielsen|1985|p=103}}{{Sfn|Værnfelt|1963|p=10}}}} in Tranquebar,{{Sfn|Larsen|1908|p=26}} and Harding was in Denmark soon after.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}} Of his three sons, only Paul Krisk Panck was in Tranquebar at his death.{{Sfn|Larsen|1940|p=97}}

== See also ==

* {{Annotated link|Jørgen Bjørn}}
* {{Annotated link|Johan Sigismund Hassius}}
* {{Annotated link|Henrik Eggers}}

== Notes and citations ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Kay |author-link=Kay Larsen |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/922667.pdf |title=Guvernører, residenter, kommandanter og chefer |publisher=Arthur Jensens Forlag |year=1940 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=Governors, Residents, Commanders and Chiefs |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}
* {{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Kay |title=De dansk-ostindiske koloniers historie – De Bengalske loger & Nikobarerne |publisher=Centralforlaget & Peter Hansens Forlag |year=1908 |volume=2 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=History of the Danish East Indian Colonies – The Bengali lodges & the Nicobar Islands |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mitra |first=Lalit Mohan |url=https://ia902908.us.archive.org/6/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.63290/2015.63290.A-Guide-To-Nalanda.pdf |title=The Danes in Bengal |publisher=Prabartak Publishers |year=September 1952 |edition=1st |location=Kolkata, India |pages=15 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wangel |first=Jørgen |title=Jens Carl Christian Bertelsen og Emmy Cecilie Kall, deres for- og efterslægt |publisher=J. Wangels Forlag |year=1996 |series=Acta / Jørgen Wangel |volume=4 |location=Ulkebøl, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=Jens Carl Christian Bertelsen and Emmy Cecilie Kall, Their Ancestors and Descendants |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/934390.pdf |issn=0907-3086}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Nielsen |first=J.E. |date=1985 |editor-last=Bek-Pedersen |editor-first=Frode |editor2-last=Løber |editor2-first=Kaj |editor3-last=Nielsen |editor3-first=Karl |editor4-last=B. Olesen |editor4-first=Svend |editor5-last=Rebstrup |editor5-first=Gunnar |title=Mester Willem på Bispensgade |trans-title=Master Willem on Bispensgade |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/924073.pdf |journal=Fra Himmerland og Kjær herred |language=da |publisher=Historisk Samfund for Himmerland og Kjær Herred |volume=46 |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/924060.pdf |title=Fra Himmerland og Kjær herred 1971 |publisher=Historisk Samfund for Himmerland og Kjær Herred |year=1971 |editor-last=Jensen |editor-first=Jens Jeppesen |series=Fra Himmerland og Kjær herred |location=Aalborg, Denmark |language=da |trans-title=From Himmerland and Kjær Hundred |editor-last2=Kristensen |editor-first2=Johannes Evald Tang |editor-last3=Løber |editor-first3=Kaj |editor-last4=B. Olesen |editor-first4=Svend |editor-last5=Bøyesen |editor-first5=Lars Rostrup |display-editors=3 |via=Danskernes Historie Online |volume='''32'''}}
**{{harvc|last=Værnfelt|first=Kristian|year=1971|in=Jensen|in2=Kristensen|in3=Løber|in4=B. Olesen|in5=Bøyesen|c=Fruebyen i Aalborg}}
**{{harvc|last=Jensen|first=Jens Jeppesen|year=1971|in=Jensen|in2=Kristensen|in3=Løber|in4=B. Olesen|in5=Bøyesen|c=Nordkær}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Værnfelt |first=Kristian |date=1964 |editor-last=Møller |editor-first=Henrik |editor2-last=Værnfelt |editor2-first=Kristian |editor3-last=Kristensen |editor3-first=Johannes Evald Tang |editor4-last=Løber |editor4-first=Kai |title=Algade i Aalborg |trans-title=Algade in Aalborg |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/924057.pdf |journal=Fra Himmerland og Kjær herred |language=da |publisher=Historisk Samfund for Aalborg Amt |volume=25 |page=184 |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Værnfelt |first=Kristian |date=1963 |editor-last=Møller |editor-first=Henrik |editor2-last=Værnfelt |editor2-first=Kristian |editor3-last=Kristensen |editor3-first=Johannes Evald Tang |editor4-last=Løber |editor4-first=Kai |title=Af Bispensgades saga |trans-title=Of the Saga of Bispensgade |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/924056.pdf |journal=Fra Himmerland og Kjær herred |language=da |location=Aalborg, Denmark |publisher=Historisk Samfund for Aalborg Amt |volume=24 |via=Danskernes Historie Online}}
* {{Cite web |last=Gøbel |first=Erik |date=15 September 2025 |title=Paul Krisk Panck |url=https://lex.dk/Paul_Krisk_Panck |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2026 |website=Danmarks Nationalleksikon |language=da}}
* {{Cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Anders Hansen |title=Personal-historiske Notitser om Embeds- og Bestillingsmænd i Aalborg i Fortid og Nutid |publisher=Jydske Historisk-Topografiske Selskab & Marinus M. Schultz |year=1879 |volume= |language=da |trans-title=Personal-Historical Notes on Officials and Commissioned Officers in Aalborg in the Past and Present |via=Danskernes Historie Online |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/920320.pdf |others=Collected by [[:d:Emmanuel Tauber|Emmanuel Tauber]] [at Wikidata]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Klitgaard |first=Carl |title=Aalborg Købmænd gennem 500 Aar |publisher=Adolph Holst A/S & Aalborg Handelsstandsforening |year=1931 |volume= |pages=74 |language=da |trans-title=Aalborg Merchants through 500 Years |via=Danskernes Historie Online |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/2025/954180.pdf |author-link=:da:Carl Klitgaard (historiker)}}
* {{Cite book |last=Færch |first=Ole |title=Himmerlandske herredsfogeder by- og birkefogeder samt -skrivere |publisher=Sammenslutningen af Slægtshistoriske Foreninger |year=2011 |volume= |language=da |trans-title=Himmerland Hundred Bailiffs, City and District Judges as Well as Town Clerks |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/907564.pdf |isbn=978-87-90331-48-1 |location=Viborg, Denmark |pages=14}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wulff |first=Daniel Høffding |title=Bidrag til Aalborg Bys Historie |publisher=Jydske Historisk-Topografiske Selskab & Marinus M. Schultz |volume=3 |pages=448 |language=da |trans-title=Contribution to the History of Aalborg City |via=Danskernes Historie Online |author-link=:da:Daniel Høffding Wulff |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/924934.pdf |year=1893 |series=Samlinger til jydsk Historie og Topografi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Stefan Halikowski |title=Two missionary accounts of Southeast Asia in the late Seventeenth Century |publisher=Arc Humanities Press |series=Connected Histories in the Early Modern World |volume= |location=Leeds, UK |pages=166 |editor-last2=Schleck |editor-first2=Julia |isbn=978-1641893183 |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Christina |date=31 December 2019}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/907312a.pdf |title=Anetavle for Jens Christensen (Bertelsen) 1798-1886 og hustru Mette Marie Christensdatter 1810-1895 |publisher=Slægtsarkivet |volume= |location=Viborg, Denmark |pages=242 |language=da |trans-title=Pedigree for Jens Christensen (Bertelsen) 1798-1886 and Wife Mette Marie Christensdatter 1810-1895 |editor-last2=Sørensen |editor-first2=Georg Faarbech |editor-last3=Hedestrand |editor-first3=Bente |editor-last4=Sørensen |editor-first4=Erna |editor-last5=Madsen |editor-first5=Annette |display-editors=3 |via=Danskernes Historie Online |others=Images by Arne Faarbech |year=1907 |editor-last=Blaabjerg |editor-first=Anton}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panck, Jacob}}
[[Category:1648 births]]
[[Category:1719 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Danish landowners]]
[[Category:18th-century Danish landowners]]
[[Category:17th-century Danish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Tranquebar]]
[[Category:Dannemarksnagore]]
[[Category:Danish hoteliers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Aalborg]]
[[Category:Governors of Danish India]]
[[Category:People from Danish India]]
[[Category:People from Aalborg Municipality]]

Provincial Finance and Accounts Service

2026-05-03T00:28:25Z

Nonebotnone50: Made New Article

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox
| title = Provincial Finance and Accounts Service {{small|{{IAST|Prāntīya Vitta Evaṃ Lekhā Sevā}}}}
| headerstyle = background:#800080; color:white;
| header1 = Service Overview
| data2 = [[File:Seal of Uttar Pradesh.svg|frameless|200x200px]]
| label3 = Also known as
| data3 = Uttar Pradesh Civil Service (Finance and Accounts Branch)
| label4 = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| data4 = 3 April 1965<ref name="History of Provincial Finance and Accounts Service and Directorate of Treasuries">{{cite web|title=2015 Total Cadre strength of PFAS as in March 2017|url=http://uptreasuries.gov.in/pages/en/mainmenu/en-about-us/en-history-background|website=Department of Finance, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|accessdate=15 October 2018}}</ref>
| label5 = State
| data5 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| label6 = Staff College
| data6 = Institute of Financial Management, Training & Research (IFMTR), [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| label7 = Cadre Controlling Authority
| data7 =Directorate of Treasuries, Department of Finance, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| label8 = Minister Responsible
| data8 = [[Suresh Kumar Khanna]], Cabinet Minister for Finance, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
| label9 = Legal personality
| data9 = [[Governmental]]: [[Government service]]
| label10 = Duties
| data10 = State Finance Administration State Accounts Management
| label12 = [[En cadre|Current Cadre Strength]]
| data12 = 732 members (488 officers directly recruited by UP-PSC and 244 officers promoted from state Audit and Accounts Officers cadre)<ref name="2017 PFAS Cadre">{{cite web|title=2015 Total Cadre strength of PFAS as in March 2017|url=http://uptreasuries.gov.in/site/writereaddata/siteContent/Gradation-List-28-03-2017.pdf|website=Department of Finance, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|accessdate=15 October 2018}}</ref>
| label13 = Selection
| data13 = State Civil Services Examination
| label14 = Association
| data14 = Uttar Pradesh PFAS Association
| header15 = Head of the State Civil Services
| label16 = [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]]
| data16 = Durga Shankar Mishra, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| label17 = Additional Chief Secretary (Finance) and Finance Commissioner
| data17 = Deepak Kumar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| label18 = Director of Treasuries
| data18 = Alok Agarwal, PFAS
}}
'''Provincial Finance and Accounts Service / Provincial Civil Service (Finance)''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: {{IAST|Prāntīya Vitta Evaṃ Lekhā Sevā}}), often abbreviated to as PFAS or PCS (Finance) is one of the premier Group A [[Civil Services of India|state civil service]] under Executive branch of [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] responsible for Finance Administration of the state.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://uptreasuries.gov.in/pages/en/mainmenu/en-about-us/en-mission-vision|title=Mission and Vision of Directorate of Treasury|website=Directorate of Treasuries, Department of Finance, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>

== Recruitment ==
The recruitment to the service is made on the basis of an annual competitive examination conducted by [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission]]. One-third of PFAS quota is filled by promotion from Audit and Accounting officers' cadre. PFAS officers, regardless of their mode of entry, are appointed by the [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Governor of Uttar Pradesh]].

== Responsibilities of PFAS officer ==
The officers of the cadre are known for their knowledge, wisdom and integrity; and are considered as watchdogs of the state exchequer. The members of the service working at higher levels of the government set-up render consultation support regarding maintenance of the financial discipline, to the heads of departments or institutions and administrative Secretaries, as the case may be.

The typical functions performed by a PFAS officer are:
* Internal Audit, testing of budget estimate, sending it to the department and to ensure that all material purchasing done in the department are in accordance with the financial rules.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://uptreasuries.gov.in/pages/en/mainmenu/en-about-us/en-role-functions-responsibilities|title=Role, Functions & Responsibilities of PFAS officers|website=Directorate of Treasuries, Department of Finance, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date=15 October 2018}}</ref>
* In every department an Accounts Section has been established whose in-charge is the Senior Finance and Accounting Services officer appointed in that department. This Accounts Section provides help to the Head of the Department on financial matters related to that department.
* Budget Control, proper maintenance of records related to accounts and compliance of financial discipline in the department according to rules indicated in financial hand-book is carried out by Financial Controller appointed in that department.
* To timely send indent for availability of stamps by Treasuries and to ensure availability of adequate quantity of stamps in Treasuries and Sub-Treasuries.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Career progression ==
After completing their training, a PFAS officer generally serves as treasury officer at district treasury in the collectorate. After that, they get promoted to the rank of senior treasury officer (STO), and later, chief treasury officer (CTO). Most districts only have one senior treasury officer except those districts which are also divisional headquarters have chief treasury officer heading the district treasury.

After few years of service, they are promoted as Joint Director and thereafter as Additional Director (treasury and pensions) at every divisional level. A post of Additional Commissioner (finance) also exists at divisional level under Board of Revenue which is held by PFAS officers.

In the finance department in state secretariat, PFAS officers serve as special secretaries, joint secretaries and also in some instances as deputy secretaries. The also serve as Finance Officers, directors, additional directors and joint directors in any directorate attached to state finance department such as Directorate of Treasuries, Directorate of Finance, Directorate of Pensions, Directorate of Internal Account Examination and Institute of Financial Management, Training & Research in Lucknow which is staff college for PFAS officers.

Apart from that, they serve as Comptroller in state universities And finance controllers (FC), chief finance and accounts officer (CAO), Senior finance and accounts officer and finance and account officers in all state departments, directorates, autonomous bodies, urban local bodies, panchayati Raj institutions and other agencies.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Salary structure ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
The salary structure of the Provincial Finance and Accounts Service Officer
|-
! Grade/level on pay matrix !! Base Salary (per month) !! Some Positions in the Government of Uttar Pradesh !! Years of service
|-
| Senior administrative grade (Above Super time scale) (pay level 14)
Grade pay:10000
| ₹144200–218200 || finance controller in any big department, directorate or agency, director in any directorate of finance department, special secretary in finance department || 32rd year
|-
| Super time scale (pay level 13A)
Grade pay:8900
| ₹131100–216600 || finance controller in any medium department, directorate or agency, additional director in any directorate of finance department, special secretary in finance department, special Secretary cum finance controller (Raj Bhawan) || 30th year
|-
| Selection grade (pay level 13)
Grade pay:8700
| ₹118500–214100 || finance controller in any small department, directorate or agency, additional director in any directorate of finance department, joint secretary in finance department || 23rd year
|-
| Junior administrative grade (pay level 12)
Grade pay:7600
| ₹78800–191500 || chief finance and account officer, joint director in any directorate of finance department, chief treasury officer, deputy secretary in finance department, Officer on Special Duty (OSD) to Chief Minister || 15th year
|-
| Senior time scale (pay level 11)
Grade pay:6600
| ₹67700–160000 || Senior finance and account officer, deputy director in any directorate of finance department, senior treasury officer

| 8th year
|-
| Junior time scale (pay level 10)
Grade pay:5400
| ₹56100–132000 || finance and account officer, deputy director in any directorate of finance department, treasury officer
| Initial year
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[Provincial Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Forest Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Police Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Development Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Secretariat Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]
* [[Provincial Transport Service (Uttar Pradesh)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Public Services of India}}
{{Civil service}}

[[Category:Civil Services of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Communist Party of India

2026-04-25T16:02:13Z

Nonebotnone50: minor correct citations for clarity also and improved wording

{{Short description|Political party in India}}
{{Other uses}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = Communist Party of India
| abbreviation = CPI
| party_flag = CPI-banner.svg
| party_logo = Hammer and sickle red on transparent.svg
| logo_size = 100px
| colorcode = {{party color|Communist Party of India}}
| general_secretary = [[D. Raja]]
| loksabha_leader = [[K. Subbarayan]]
| rajyasabha_leader = [[P. Santhosh Kumar]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1925|12|26}}
| founder =
| publication = {{collapsible list|title=Newspapers|
*''[[New Age Weekly|New Age]]''
*''[[Mukti Sangharsh]]''
*''[[Janayugom]]''
*''[[Navayugom]]''
*''[[Kalantar]]''
*''[[Visalaandhra]]''
*''[[Jana Sakthi]]''
*''[[Praja Paksham]]''
*''[[Nawan Zamana]]''
*''[[Nua Dunia]]''
*''[[Janashakti]]''
*''[[Kembavuta]]''
*''[[Yugantar]]''
*''Kholao Thakhai''
*''Tripurar Katha''}}
| headquarters = Ajoy Bhavan 15, Indrajit Gupta Marg, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| eci = [[List of political parties in India#State parties|State Party]]<ref>{{cite web|title=NCP, TMC and CPI lose national party status, AAP earns coveted tag Dated 10.04.2023|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-commission-withdraws-national-party-status-of-tmc-cpi-2358245-2023-04-10|publisher=India Today|access-date=10 April 2023|location=India|year=2013|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410142934/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-commission-withdraws-national-party-status-of-tmc-cpi-2358245-2023-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
| alliance = {{collapsible list|title=Alliances|{{bulleted list|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] {{small|(National)}}|
[[Secular Progressive Alliance]] {{small|([[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]])}}|[[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]] {{small|([[Tripura]])}}|[[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] {{small|([[West Bengal]])}}|[[Left Democratic Front]] {{small|([[Kerala]])}}|[[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]] {{small|([[Bihar]])}}|[[Secular Democratic Front]] {{small|([[Tripura]])}}|[[Maha Vikas Aghadi]] {{small|([[Maharashtra]])}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC+]] {{small|([[Telangana]])}}|[[Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance|MPSA]] {{small|([[Manipur]])}}}}}}
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|543|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|2|245|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| ideology = 
*[[Communism]]
*[[Marxism–Leninism]]<ref name="Mishra2021">{{cite book | author = Anil Kumar Mishra/ Sudhir Kumar Mishra | date = 19 January 2021 | title = Dictionary of Social Sciences | publisher = Prabhat Prakashan | pages = 32– | isbn = 9789351867661 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AgybDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 | access-date = 24 April 2023 | archive-date = 12 May 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230512191113/https://books.google.com/books?id=AgybDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 | url-status = live }}</ref>
| position = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref name="CantiPI_1">* {{cite web |url=https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests |title=Manipur: CPI State Secretary, Blogger Arrested over CAA Protests |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |access-date=24 December 2019 |archive-date=25 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225152639/https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests |url-status=live }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ |title=India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave' |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=31 May 2019 |archive-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531123638/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book|editor= Klaus Voll, Doreen Beierlein |title=Rising India – Europe's Partner?: Foreign and Security Policy, Politics, Economics, Human Rights and Social Issues, Media, Civil Society and Intercultural Dimensions |location=[[University of Michigan]] |publisher=Mosaic Books|date=2006 |page=387 |isbn= 978-3-899-98098-1 }}</ref>
| women = [[National Federation of Indian Women]]
| labour =
* [[All India Trade Union Congress]]
* [[Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union]]
| peasants = [[All India Kisan Sabha]]
| website = {{URL|https://communistparty.in}}
| membership = {{decrease}} 650,000 (2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/india/2022/10/15/membership-report-cpi-party-conference-2022.html | title=സിപിഐ തളർച്ചയിൽ; താങ്ങ് കേരളം, തമിഴ്നാട്; ബംഗാളിലും ത്രിപുരയിലും പടുകുഴിയിൽ | access-date=25 October 2022 | archive-date=25 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025161748/https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/india/2022/10/15/membership-report-cpi-party-conference-2022.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.twentyfournews.com/2022/07/17/cpi-continue-to-congress-alliance.html | title=Cpi continue to congress alliance | date=17 July 2022 | access-date=25 October 2022 | archive-date=25 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025162128/https://www.twentyfournews.com/2022/07/17/cpi-continue-to-congress-alliance.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
| colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} [[Red (politics)|Red]]
|state2_seats_name = [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislatures]]
|state2_seats = {{Composition bar|20|4131|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} {{small|(Total)}}
{{hidden
|State Legislatures
|style=text-align:center; |
{{Composition bar|17|140|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} ([[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]])
{{Composition bar|2|234|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} ([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]])
{{Composition bar|1|119|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} ([[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]])
}}
| state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|75|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} ([[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]]) {{Composition bar|1|40|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}} ([[Telangana Legislative Council|Telangana]])
| no_states = {{Composition bar|3|31|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| international = [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]]
| electoral_symbol = [[File:CPI symbol.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert|130px]]
}}
{{Communist Parties|Asia}}
{{Communism in India}}
{{Marxism–Leninism sidebar}}

The '''Communist Party of India''' ('''CPI''') is a political party in [[India]]. The CPI considers the [[Foundation of the Communist Party of India|26 December 1925 Kanpur conference]] as its foundation date.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|title=Brief History of CPI – CPI|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209001241/https://sites.google.com/a/communistparty.in/cpi/brief-history-of-cpi|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html|title=Foundation of the Communist Party of India (CPI) in 1925: product of (...) – Mainstream|website=www.mainstreamweekly.net|access-date=12 October 2020|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430040336/http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article9916.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|title=Origins of Indian communism|first=A. G.|last=Noorani|website=Frontline|date=17 May 2012|access-date=17 October 2020|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615163401/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30165649.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 1946 and 1951, the CPI led militant struggles such as the [[Telangana Rebellion|peasant revolt in Telangana]], organising [[guerrilla warfare]] against feudal lords.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=1 September 2020 |title=One Hundred Years of the Communist Movement in India |url=https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-32-communist-movement-in-india/ |access-date=1 February 2024 |website=Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180312/https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-32-communist-movement-in-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The CPI was the main opposition party in India during the 1950s to 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/bharat/communist-party-of-india-formation-day-decoding-the-decline-of-principal-opposition-party-of-1957/na20231225235213195195497|title=Communist Party Of India Formation Day: Decoding The Decline Of Principal Opposition Party Of 1957|date=25 December 2023 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> In 1964, [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|a split in the CPI]] led to the formation of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], which eventually emerged as the larger of the two parties. CPI supported the rule of [[Indira Gandhi]], but later changed course and embraced left unity. CPI was part of the ruling [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] government from 1996 to 1998 and had two ministers under the [[Deve Gowda ministry|Devegowda]] and [[Gujral ministry|Gujral]] ministries.

{{As of|2025}}, the CPI has two members in the [[Lok Sabha]] and two members in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. In addition, it has 20 [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]] across three states and one each in the [[State legislative councils of India|MLCs]] of [[Bihar Legislative Council|Bihar]] and [[Telangana Legislative Council|Telangana]]. It is designated a [[List of political parties in India#State party status|state party]] by the [[Election Commission of India]] {{As of|2023|lc=y}} in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]], and [[Manipur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NCP, TMC and CPI lose national party status, AAP earns coveted tag |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-commission-withdraws-national-party-status-of-tmc-cpi-2358245-2023-04-10 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=India Today |date=10 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410142934/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-commission-withdraws-national-party-status-of-tmc-cpi-2358245-2023-04-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of December 2023, the CPI is part of the [[Left Democratic Front]] coalition that forms the [[Government of Kerala|state government]] in Kerala. The CPI have four [[Second Vijayan ministry|Cabinet Ministers]] and [[Chittayam Gopakumar|a Deputy Speaker]] in Kerala. In Tamil Nadu, it is in power as part of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]-led [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] coalition.

==Name==
The CPI is officially known in [[Hindi]] as the {{transliteration|hi|Bhāratīya Kamyunisṭ Pārṭī}} ({{lang|hi|भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी}}), or {{transliteration|hi|BhaKaPa}} ({{lang|hi|भाकपा}}).

==History==

===Formation===
The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed on 26 December 1925 at the [[Foundation of the Communist Party of India#1925 Kanpur Conference|first Party Conference]] in [[Kanpur]], which was then known as ''Cawnpore''. [[S. V. Ghate]] was the first General Secretary of the CPI. There were many [[communist]] groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world, a group formed in [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan made contacts with the [[Anushilan]] and [[Jugantar]] groups in [[Bengal]], and small communist groups were formed in [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay]] (led by [[Shripad Amrit Dange]]), [[Madras Presidency|Madras]] (led by [[Singaravelar]]), the [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] (led by [[Shaukat Usmani]]), [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sindh]] (led by [[Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah|Ghulam Hussain]]), [[Orissa Province|Orissa]] (led by [[Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi]]) and [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] (led by [[Muzaffar Ahmad]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2019/1013_pd/formation-cpi-tashkent#:~:text=Minutes%20Of%20The%20Meeting%20Held%20On%20October%2017%2C%201920,Managerial%20office%20pdpbln@gmail.com|title=Formation of CPI in Tashkent}}</ref>

The CPI's year of formation is disputed. The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)), which split from the CPI in 1964, considers 17 October 1920 to be the CPI's founding day. On that day, [[M. N. Roy]], Evelyn Trent-Roy, [[Abani Mukherji]], Rosa Fitingov, Mohd. Ali, Mohamad Shafiq, and [[M. P. T. Acharya]] met in Tashkent to form the communist movement in India. Neither the 1920 nor 1925 dates are considered significant by the [[Communist International]], because the CPI did not adopt a party constitution on either occasion, which was one of the main prerequisites for membership in the [[Political international|international]].<ref name="Karat">{{cite book |last1=Karat |first1=Brinda |title=100 Years of the Communist Party |date=2019 |publisher=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |location=New Delhi |pages=5, 9 |url=https://dataspace.princeton.edu/handle/88435/dsp015q47rr96x |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref>

===Involvement in independence struggle===
{{Further information|Communist involvement in the Indian independence movement}}
During the 1920s and the early 1930s the party was poorly organised, and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national co-ordination. The government banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party difficult. Between 1921 and 1924, there were three conspiracy trials against the communist movement: the [[Peshawar Conspiracy Cases]], the [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]], and the [[Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case]]. In the first three cases, Russian-trained [[muhajir]] communists were put on trial; however, the Kanpur trial had more political impact. On 17 March 1924, Dange, M. N. Roy, Ahmad, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, [[Malayapuram Singaravelu]], Ghulam Hussain, and R. C. Sharma were charged, in the Kanpur case. The specific pip charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from Britain by a violent revolution." Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned, on such a large scale, about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P.">Ralhan, O. P. (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties'' New Delhi: Anmol Publications p. 336, Rao. pp. 89–91.</ref>

Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M. N. Roy was in Germany and R. C. Sharma in French [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondichéry]], and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from the Russians in [[Kabul]] and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmad, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment. This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to a larger Indian audience.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> Dange was released from prison in 1927. Rahul Dev Pal was a prominent communist leader.{{fact|date=January 2026}}

On 26 December 1925, a communist conference was organised in Kanpur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Moments in Kanpur|url=http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821203425/http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status = live}}</ref> Government authorities estimated that 500 persons took part in the conference. The conference was convened by a man called [[Satya Bhakta]]. At the conference Satyabhakta argued for a [[national communism]] and against subordination under the [[Comintern]]. Being outvoted by the other delegates, Satyabhakta left the conference venue in protest. The conference adopted the name 'Communist Party of India'. Groups such as [[Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan]] (LKPH) dissolved into the CPI.<ref>M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 92-93</ref> The émigré CPI, which probably had little organic character anyway, was effectively substituted by the organisation now operating inside India.{{fact|date=January 2026}} Soon after the 1926 conference of the [[Workers and Peasants Party (India)|Workers and Peasants Party]] (WPP) of Bengal, the underground CPI directed its members to join the provincial WPPs. All open communist activities were carried out through Workers and Peasants parties.<ref>M. V. S. Koteshwar Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 111</ref>

The sixth congress of the Communist International met in 1928. In 1927 the [[Kuomintang]] had turned on the [[Chinese communists]], which led to a review of the policy on forming alliances with the national bourgeoisie in the colonial countries. The ''Colonial theses'' of the sixth Comintern congress called upon the Indian communists to combat the "national-reformist leaders" and to "unmask the national reformism of the [[Indian National Congress]] and oppose all phrases of the Swarajists, Gandhists, etc. about passive resistance".<ref name="saha">Saha, Murari Mohan (ed.), ''Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party: Volume One 1938–1947''. Agartala: Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society, 2001. p. 21-25</ref> The congress did however differentiate between the character of the Chinese Kuomintang and the Indian [[Swaraj Party]], considering the latter as neither a reliable ally nor a direct enemy. The congress called on the Indian communists to use the contradictions between the national bourgeoisie and the British imperialists.<ref>M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 47-48</ref> The congress also denounced the WPP. The Tenth Plenum of the executive committee of the Communist International, 3–19 July 1929, directed the Indian communists to break with WPP. When the communists deserted it, the WPP fell apart.<ref>M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 97-98, 111–112</ref>

[[File:Meerut prisoners outside the jail.jpg|350px|thumb|Portrait of 25 of the [[Meerut]] prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): K. N. Sehgal, [[Sohan Singh Josh|S. S. Josh]], [[Lester Hutchinson|H. L. Hutchinson]], [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Benjamin Francis Bradley|B. F. Bradley]], A. Prasad, [[Philip Spratt|P. Spratt]], [[Gangadhar Adhikari|G. Adhikari]]. Middle row: [[Radharaman Mitra|R. R. Mitra]], Gopen Chakravarti, Kishori Lal Ghosh, L. R. Kadam, D. R. Thengdi, Goura Shanker, [[Sibnath Banerjee|S. Bannerjee]], [[K. N. Joglekar]], [[Puran Chand Joshi|P. C. Joshi]], [[Muzaffar Ahmad]]. Front row: M. G. Desai, D. Goswami, R. S. Nimbkar, [[S. S. Mirajkar]], [[Shripad Amrit Dange|S. A. Dange]], [[S. V. Ghate]], Gopal Basak.]]

On 20 March 1929, arrests against the WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India, in what became known as the Meerut Conspiracy Case. The communist leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years.<ref>Ralhan, O.P. (ed.). ''Encyclopaedia of Political Parties – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh – National -Regional – Local. Vol. 23. Revolutionary Movements (1930–1946)''. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 689-691</ref><ref>M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 96</ref> As of 1934, the main centres of activity of CPI were Bombay, Calcutta and Punjab. The party had also begun extending its activities to Madras. A group of Andhra and Tamil students, amongst them [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]], were recruited to the CPI by [[Dada Amir Haider Khan|Amir Hyder Khan]].<ref name="ems7">E. M. S. Namboodiripad. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 7</ref> The party was reorganised in 1933, after the communist leaders from the Meerut trials were released. A central committee of the party was set up. In 1934, the party was accepted as the Indian section of the Communist International.<ref>[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet]]. ''March of the Communist Movement in India – An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India''. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 25</ref>

When Indian left-wing elements formed the [[Congress Socialist Party]] in 1934, the CPI branded it as [[Social fascism|''social fascist'']].<ref name="saha" /> The [[League Against Gandhism]], initially known as the Gandhi Boycott Committee, was a political organisation in [[Calcutta]], founded by the underground Communist Party of India and others to launch militant [[Anti-imperialism|anti-Imperialist]] activities. The group took the name ''League Against Gandhism'' in 1934.<ref>Roy Subodh, Communism in India – Unpublished Documents 1925–1934. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 338-339, 359–360</ref> In connection with the change of policy of the Comintern toward [[popular front]] politics, the Indian communists changed their relation to the Indian National Congress. The communists joined the Congress Socialist Party, which worked as the left wing of Congress. Through joining CSP, the CPI accepted the CSP demand for a Constituent Assembly, which it had denounced two years before. The CPI however analysed that the demand for a Constituent Assembly would not be a substitute for [[soviet (council)|soviets]].<ref name="mnroy">Roy, Samaren. ''M. N. Roy: A Political Biography''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Orient Longman, 1998. p. 113, 115</ref>

In July 1937, a clandestine meeting was held at [[Kozhikode|Calicut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224225.ece|title=A man and a movement|first=R. KRISHNAKUMAR in|last=Thiruvananthapuram|website=Frontline|date=26 August 2004|access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423104847/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30224225.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Five persons were present at the meeting, [[P. Krishna Pillai]], [[K. Damodaran]], [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]], [[N. C. Sekhar]] and [[S.V. Ghate]]. The first four were members of the CSP in Kerala. The CPI in [[Kerala]] was formed on 31 December 1939 with the Pinarayi Conference.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/founders-98.php?n=1|title=Founders|website=CPIM Kerala|access-date=1 January 2021|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208202135/https://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/founders-98.php?n=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The latter, Ghate, was a CPI Central Committee member, who had arrived from Madras.<ref>E. M. S. Namboodiripad. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 6</ref> Contacts between the CSP in Kerala and the CPI had begun in 1935, when P. Sundarayya (CC member of CPI, based in Madras at the time) met with E. M. S. Namboodiripad and Krishna Pillai. Sundarayya and Ghate visited Kerala at several times and met with the CSP leaders there. The contacts were facilitated through the national meetings of the Congress, CSP and [[All India Kisan Sabha]].<ref name="ems7"/>

In 1936–1937, the co-operation between socialists and communists reached its peak. At the 2nd congress of the CSP, held in [[Meerut]] in January 1936, a thesis was adopted which declared that there was a need to build 'a united Indian Socialist Party based on [[Marxism-Leninism]]'.<ref>E. M. S. Namboodiripad. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 44</ref> At the 3rd CSP congress, held in [[Faizpur]], several communists were included into the CSP National Executive Committee.<ref>E. M. S. Namboodiripad. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 45</ref> Two communists, E. M. S. Namboodiripad and [[Z. A. Ahmed]], became All India joint secretaries of CSP. The CPI also had two other members inside the CSP executive.<ref name="mnroy" /> On the occasion of the 1940 Ramgarh Congress Conference, CPI released a declaration called ''Proletarian Path'', which sought to use the weakened state of the British Empire in the time of war and gave a call for [[general strike]], no-tax, no-rent policies and mobilising for an armed revolutionary uprising. The National Executive of the CSP assembled at [[Ramgarh Cantonment|Ramgarh]] took a decision that all communists were expelled from CSP.<ref>Ralhan, O. P. (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties – India – Pakistan – Bangladesh – National -Regional – Local. Vol. 24. Socialist Movement in India''. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1997. p. 82</ref>

In July 1942, the CPI was legalised, as a result of Britain and the Soviet Union becoming allies against Nazi Germany.<ref>[[Harkishan Singh Surjeet|Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet]]. ''March of the Communist Movement in India – An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India''. [[Calcutta]]: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 55</ref> Communists strengthened their control over the All India Trade Union Congress. At the same time, communists were politically cornered for their opposition to the [[Quit India Movement]].<ref name="newsclick.in">{{cite web |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Communists-During-India-Freedom-Struggle?amp |title=Where Were Communists During India's Freedom Struggle? |work=NewsClick |date=15 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2012/15/letters/cpi-and-quit-india-movement.html|title=CPI and the Quit India Movement|date=14 April 2012|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=25 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125101526/https://www.epw.in/journal/2012/15/letters/cpi-and-quit-india-movement.html|url-status=live}}</ref> CPI contested the Provincial Legislative Assembly elections of 1946 on its own. It had candidates in 108 out of 1585 seats, winning in eight seats. In total, the CPI vote counted 666,723, which should be seen with the backdrop that 86% of the adult population of India lacked voting rights. The party had contested three seats in Bengal, and won all of them. One CPI candidate, [[Somnath Lahiri]], was elected to the Constituent Assembly.<ref>M. V. S. Koteswara Rao. ''Communist Parties and United Front – Experience in Kerala and West Bengal''. [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 207.</ref> The Communist Party of India [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]] and did not participate in the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] celebrations of 15 August 1947 in protest at the division of the country.<ref name="Bandyopadhyay2009">{{cite book |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Sekhar |title=Decolonization in South Asia: Meanings of Freedom in Post-independence West Bengal, 1947–52 |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-01823-9 |language=en |quote=As a protest against Partition, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Communist Party of India (CPI) did not participate in the celebrations of 15 August.}}</ref>

===After independence===
[[File:Armed peasants - Telangana armed struggle.jpg|thumb|The [[Telangana armed struggle]] (1946–1952), was a peasant rebellion by communists against the feudal lords of the Telangana region in the princely state of Hyderabad. ]]
[[File:Telangana_Armed_Struggle_guerrillas.jpg|thumb|Guerrillas of the Telangana armed struggle]]
[[File:A Communist Party camp in Karol Bagh, Delhi, 1952.jpg|thumb|CPI election campaign in [[Karol Bagh]], Delhi, for the [[1952 Indian general election]]]]
[[File:Kerala Council of Ministers 1957 EMS.jpg|thumb|First Council of Ministers, First CPI Ministry in Kerala]]

During the period around and directly following Independence in 1947, the internal situation in the party was chaotic. The party shifted rapidly between left-wing and right-wing positions. In February 1948, at the [[Second Party Congress of the Communist Party of India|2nd Party Congress]] in Calcutta, [[B. T. Ranadive]] (BTR) was elected General Secretary of the party.<ref>Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). ''India after Independence 1947–2000'', New Delhi:Penguin, {{ISBN|0-14-027825-7}}, p. 204</ref> The conference adopted the "Programme of Democratic Revolution", which included the first mention of struggle against [[Caste discrimination in India|caste injustice]] in a CPI document.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/april01/artcj.pdf|title=Page d'accueil – Sciences Po CERI|access-date=12 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227153210/http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/archive/april01/artcj.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2008|url-status = live}}</ref>

In several areas the party led armed struggles against a series of local monarchs that were reluctant to give up their power. Such insurgencies took place in [[Tripura]], [[Telangana]] and Kerala.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516269 |title=Telangana People's Armed Struggle, 1946–1951. Part One: Historical Setting |jstor=3516269 |access-date=24 March 2024 |last1=Sundarayya |first1=P. |journal=Social Scientist |date=23 May 1973 |volume=1 |issue=7 |pages=3–19 |doi=10.2307/3516269 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828222806/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516269 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The most important [[Telangana Rebellion|rebellion took place in Telangana]], against the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]]. The communists built up a people's army and militia and controlled an area with a population of three million. The rebellion was brutally crushed and the party abandoned the policy of armed struggle. BTR was deposed and denounced as a ''left adventurist''. In [[Manipur]], the party became a force to reckon with through the agrarian struggles led by [[Hijam Irabot|Jananeta Irawat Singh]]. Singh had joined CPI in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp|title=The Telegraph – Calcutta : Northeast|access-date=6 April 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014070444/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070206/asp/northeast/story_7350994.asp|archive-date=14 October 2008|url-status = dead}}</ref> At the 1951 party congress, the main slogan was changed from ''People's Democracy'' to ''National Democracy''.<ref>E. M. S. Namboodiripad. ''The Communist Party in Kerala – Six Decades of Struggle and Advance''. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. p. 273</ref>

A Communist Party was founded in Bihar in 1939. Post independence, the Communist Party achieved success in Bihar (Bihar and Jharkhand). The Communist Party conducted movements for [[land reform]], and the trade union movement was at its peak in Bihar in the 1960s–1980s. The achievements of communists in Bihar placed the communists in the forefront of the left movement in India.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145534 |title=Peasant Movement and Communist Mobilization in Bihar: A Case Study of Darbhanga (1950–70) |jstor=44145534 |access-date=24 March 2024 |last1=Chaudhry |first1=Vandhana |last2=Chaudhry |first2=Vandana |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=23 May 2024 |volume=64 |pages=1074–1082 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209051535/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145534 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bihar produced some of the most well-known leaders like Kishan leaders [[Sahajanand Saraswati]] and [[Karyanand Sharma]], intellectuals like [[Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]], [[Yogendra Sharma]], and [[Indradeep Sinha]], mass leaders like [[Chandrasekhar Singh]] and [[Sunil Mukherjee]], trade union leaders like [[Kedar Das]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://droltuvide.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/8/7/148778685/indian-communist-party.pdf|title=Indian Communist Party|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> In the [[Mithila region]] of Bihar, [[Bhogendra Jha]] led the fight against the [[Mahants]] and [[Zamindars]]. He later went on the win Parliamentary elections and was MP for seven terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kanhaiya-kumars-ticket-to-stardom-or-oblivion-6350491.html|title=Kanhaiya Kumar's ticket to stardom or oblivion?|date=29 March 2019 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Bhogendra-Jha-passes-away/article16357155.ece | title=Bhogendra Jha passes away | work=The Hindu | date=22 January 2009 | access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref>

In the early 1950s, young communist leadership was uniting textile workers, bank employees and unorganised sector workers to ensure mass support in north India. National leaders like [[Shripad Amrit Dange]], [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]], and [[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] were encouraging them and supporting the idea despite their differences on the execution. Firebrand Communist leaders like [[Homi F. Daji]], [[Guru Radha Kishan]], H. L. Parwana, [[Sarjoo Pandey]], [[Darshan Singh Canadian]] and [[Avtar Singh Malhotra|Avtaar Singh Malhotra]] were emerging between the masses and the working class in particular.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbpbu.ac.in/userfiles/file/2020/STUDY_MAT/POL_SC/LEFT%20PARTIES%20(1).pdf|title=COURSE-420. UNIT-3 BY Dr. ALEYA MOUSAMI SULTANA DEPT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, CPBU. LEFT PARTIES IN INDIA|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> This was the first leadership of communists that was very close to the masses and people consider them champions of the cause of the workers and the poor. In 1952, CPI became the first leading opposition party in the [[1951–52 Indian general election|first Lok Sabha]], while the Indian National Congress was in power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/history/how-communist-party-of-india-emerged-as-largest-opposition-to-congress-in-1951-52|title=How Communist Party of India Emerged as Largest Opposition to Congress in 1951–52|access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref>

In the [[1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election]], the Communist Party was banned, so it couldn't take part in the election process.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776:history-of-kerala-legislature | title=History of Kerala Legislature | work=Government of Kerala | access-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101549/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3776%3Ahistory-of-kerala-legislature | archive-date=6 October 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the general elections in 1957, the CPI emerged as the largest opposition party. In 1957, the CPI won the state elections in Kerala. This was the first time that an opposition party won control over an Indian state. E. M. S. Namboodiripad became Chief Minister. At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the [[Chinese Communist Party]] directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala.<ref>Basu, Pradip. Towards Naxalbari (1953–1967) – An Account of Inner-Party Ideological Struggle. [[Calcutta]]: Progressive Publishers, 2000. p. 32.</ref>

The CPI was involved in the [[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]. Along with its units in Bombay, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, the party decided to begin armed operations in the area in July 1954. Both [[Dadra taluk|Dadra]] and [[Nagar Haveli]] were liberated by the beginning of August. Communist leaders like [[Narayan Palekar]], Parulekar, Vaz, Rodriguez, Cunha, and others emerged as the Communist leaders of the movement. Thereafter, the struggle to liberate [[Daman and Diu]] was begun by the Communist Party in Gujarat and other forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/Revisiting-Goa-Liberation-Story-59th-Independence-Day|title=Revisiting Goa's Liberation Story on its 59th Independence Day|work=NewsClick |date=18 December 2020|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723074406/https://www.newsclick.in/Revisiting-Goa-Liberation-Story-59th-Independence-Day|url-status=live}}</ref>

The countrywide [[Goa liberation movement#1953 onwards: intensification of Satyagraha movement|Goa ''Satyagraha'' movement]] of 1955–1956 is a significant event in the history of the Indian freedom struggle, in which the communists played a major role. The CPI sent groups of ''[[Satyagraha|satyahrahis]]'' from mid-1955 onward to the borders of and into [[Goa]]. Many were killed, and many more were arrested and sent to jails inside Goa and inhumanely treated. Many others were even sent to jails in Portugal and brutally tortured. The ''satyagraha'' movement was led and conducted by a joint committee known as Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti. Dange, [[Senapati Bapat]], [[S. G. Sardesai]], [[Nana Patil]] and several others were among the leaders of the committee. Satyagraha began on 10 May 1955, and soon became a countrywide movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mainstreamweekly.net/article3273.html|title=Goa — the Liberators and the Lesson – Mainstream|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=23 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723074407/https://mainstreamweekly.net/article3273.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ideological differences led to the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India|split in the party in 1964]] when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fiftytwo.in/blog/whats-the-difference-between-cpi-and-cpim/|title=What's the difference between CPI and CPI(M)?|access-date=23 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323175855/https://fiftytwo.in/blog/whats-the-difference-between-cpi-and-cpim/|url-status=live}}</ref> The impacts of the [[Sino-Soviet split]] contributed to this party split.<ref name=":2323">{{Cite book |last=Chakrabarti |first=Sreemanti |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Empty Symbol: The Little Red Book in India}}</ref>{{Rp|page=121}} During the period between 1970 and 1977, the CPI was allied with the Congress party. In Kerala, they formed a government together with Congress as part of a coalition known as the [[United Front (1970–1979, Kerala)|United Front]], with the CPI-leader [[C. Achutha Menon]] as Chief Minister. This government continued governing throughout the emergency period and was responsible for the many acts of repression throughout the period carried out against political opponents in the guise of fighting naxals, manifesting most infamously in the [[Rajan case]]. The United Front government also used this opportunity to pursue class struggle by punishing those from the managerial classes, money lenders, bosses with anti-labour stances, ration shopkeepers and truckers engaged in black marketing, under stringent provisions of [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act|MISA]] and [[Defence of India act and Defence of India rules, 1962|DIR]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |title=India's first dictatorship : the emergency, 1975 -1977 |date=2021 |others=Pratinav Anil |isbn=978-93-90351-60-2 |location=Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India |oclc=1242023968}}</ref>

In the 1980s, the CPI opposed the [[Khalistan movement]] at Punjab.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thukral |first1=Gobind |date=31 October 1986 |title=Punjab: Red Targets |work=India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19861031-killing-of-communist-leaders-in-punjab-makes-left-parties-more-firm-in-opposing-terrorism-801383-1986-10-30 |access-date=1 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spokane Chronicle – Google News Archive Search |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1345&dat=19860327&id=MetWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zfkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5436,2840055&hl=en |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=news.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Killing of communist leaders in Punjab makes Left parties more firm in opposing terrorism |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19861031-killing-of-communist-leaders-in-punjab-makes-left-parties-more-firm-in-opposing-terrorism-801383-1986-10-30 |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=India Today |date=31 October 1986 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2013 |title=Gurpreet Singh: Khalistani separatists' killings leave a legacy of sorrow in Canada and the U.S. |url=https://www.straight.com/news/389916/gurpreet-singh-khalistani-separatists-killings-leave-legacy-sorrow-canada-and-us |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=The Georgia Straight |language=en |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012170621/https://www.straight.com/news/389916/gurpreet-singh-khalistani-separatists-killings-leave-legacy-sorrow-canada-and-us |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1986, the CPI's leader in Punjab and MLA in the Punjabi legislature [[Darshan Singh Canadian]] was assassinated by Sikh extremists. Altogether about 200 communist leaders out of which most were Sikhs were killed by Sikh extremists in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhupinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rik0EAAAQBAJ&dq=Chanan+Singh+Dhoot+killed&pg=PT53 |title=Punjab Politics: Retrospect and Prospect |publisher=Readworthy |isbn=978-93-5018-082-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ਧੂਤ ਦੇ ਕਤਲ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਜਿੰਦਾ ਨੇ ਲਈ-ਪੁਲਸ ਨੂੰ ਸਖਤ ਤਾੜਨਾ |work=Ajit}}</ref>

==Present situation==
[[File:Left parties in coalition as of Dec 24.png|thumb|412x412px|'''Left parties' regional control'''
{{legend|#4D004B|State/s which has/had chief ministers from both the [[CPI(M)]] and the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#B30000|State/s which had chief ministers from the [[CPI(M)]].|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#F781BF|States which have Governments of coalition of parties including Left parties like [[CPI(M)]], CPI, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|CPI(ML)L]] and [[All India Forward Bloc|AIFB]].|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#969696| States which did not have/had a chief minister from the [[CPI(M)]] or the CPI.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}]]
[[File:Cpipkvtvnd (87).JPG|thumb|Mural in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]]]

The CPI was recognised by the [[Election Commission of India]] as a national party. Until 2022, CPI happened to be the only national political party from India to have contested all the general elections using the same [[electoral symbol]]. Owing to a massive defeat in [[2019 Indian general election]] where the party saw its tally reduced to two MPs, the Election Commission of India sent a letter to CPI asking for reasons why its national party status should not be revoked.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BSP-CPI-NCP-get-to-retain-national-status-for-now/articleshow/53819419.cms|title=BSP, CPI, NCP get to retain national status, for now – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412014828/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BSP-CPI-NCP-get-to-retain-national-status-for-now/articleshow/53819419.cms|archive-date=12 April 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-may-lose-national-party-status/articleshow/52370325.cms|title=CPM may lose national party status – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117143649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-may-lose-national-party-status/articleshow/52370325.cms|archive-date=17 January 2018|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-ncp-and-cpi-may-lose-national-party-status/story-QTvg2iWonkSWbtxN57xd5I.html|title=BSP, NCP and CPI may lose national party status|date=11 August 2014|work=hindustantimes.com/|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133233/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bsp-ncp-and-cpi-may-lose-national-party-status/story-QTvg2iWonkSWbtxN57xd5I.html|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Reprieve-for-BSP-CPI-as-EC-amends-rules/article14583806.ece|title=Reprieve for BSP, CPI as EC amends rules|date=23 August 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=21 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121195958/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Reprieve-for-BSP-CPI-as-EC-amends-rules/article14583806.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ec-might-strip-national-party-status-from-bsp-ncp-cpi-1475727.html|title=EC might strip national party status from BSP, NCP, CPI|work=oneindia.com|access-date=25 November 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132759/https://www.oneindia.com/feature/ec-might-strip-national-party-status-from-bsp-ncp-cpi-1475727.html|archive-date=16 November 2017|url-status = live}}</ref> Due to repeated poor performances in elections, the Election Commission of India withdrew its national party status on 10 April 2023.<ref name=":0" />

On the national level, they supported the Indian National Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] government along with other parliamentary Left parties, but without taking part in it. Upon attaining power in May 2004, the United Progressive Alliance formulated a programme of action known as the [[Common Minimum Programme]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/28/stories/2004052807371200.htm |title=The Hindu : National : UPA Government to adhere to six basic principles of governance |website=www.hindu.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040606150120/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/28/stories/2004052807371200.htm |archive-date=6 June 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 April 2005|title=Prime Minister's Office archived by Wayback machine|url=http://pmindia.nic.in/cmp.htm|access-date=30 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403170505/http://pmindia.nic.in/cmp.htm|archive-date=3 April 2005}}</ref> The Left bases its support to the UPA on strict adherence to it. Provisions of the CMP mentioned to discontinue [[disinvestment]], massive social sector outlays and an independent foreign policy. On 8 July 2008, the General Secretary of the CPI(M), [[Prakash Karat]], announced that the Left was withdrawing its support over the decision by the government to go ahead with the [[United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act]]. The Left parties combination had been a staunch advocate of not proceeding with this deal citing national interests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807081550.htm|title=The Hindu News Update Service|date=1 August 2008|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801185533/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200807081550.htm|archive-date=1 August 2008}}</ref>

In [[West Bengal]], the CPI participates in the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]. It also participated in the state government in Manipur. In Kerala, the party is part of [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]. In [[Tripura]] the party is a partner of the [[Left Front (Tripura)|Left Front]], which governed the state until 2018. In [[Tamil Nadu]] it is part of the [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] and in Bihar it is the part of [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]]. It is involved in the [[Left Democratic Front in Maharashtra]]. In February 2022, CPI and Congress formed an alliance in Manipur named [[Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web|date=28 January 2022|title=Manipur: Congress forms pre-poll alliance with Left-wing political parties|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/manipur-congress-forms-pre-poll-alliance-with-left-wing-political-parties-7744817/|access-date=4 February 2022|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=27 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127202313/https://indianexpress.com/elections/manipur-congress-forms-pre-poll-alliance-with-left-wing-political-parties-7744817/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=In run-up to Manipur polls, Congress announces pre-poll alliance with 5 parties|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-run-up-to-manipur-polls-congress-announces-pre-poll-alliance-with-5-parties-101643300217727.html|access-date=4 February 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204001348/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-run-up-to-manipur-polls-congress-announces-pre-poll-alliance-with-5-parties-101643300217727.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The current general secretary of CPI is [[D. Raja]].

==Presence in states==
As of 2020, the CPI is a part of the state government in [[Kerala]]. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] is Chief Minister of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|title=LDF shatters Kerala's 40-year record, Pinarayi Vijayan now the Marxist Helmsman|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-05-03|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206100814/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> CPI have four Cabinet Ministers in Kerala. In [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu]], it is part of the [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] coalition led by [[M. K. Stalin]]. The [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] governed [[West Bengal]] for 34 years (1977–2011) and [[Tripura]] for 25 years (1993–2018)

===State governments===
{{Further|Communism in Kerala}}
{{See also|Left Democratic Front|Communist Party of India, Kerala}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|S.No
! rowspan="2"|State/
! rowspan="2" |Govt Since
! colspan="6"|Chief Minister
! rowspan="2"|Alliance
! rowspan="2"| Coalition Seats in Assembly
! rowspan="2"|Last election
|-
!Portrait
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
!Seats
!Since
|-
! style="text-align: center;" |1
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Kerala]]
| style="text-align: center;" |26 May 2016
|[[File:Pinarayi.JPG|frameless|150x150px]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |62
| style="text-align: center;" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|26 May 2016]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Left Democratic Front]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kerala Legislative Assembly|{{Composition bar|97|140|hex={{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}}}]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Seats won by CPI in [[State legislative councils of India|state legislative councils]]
|-
! State legislative assembly
! Last election
! Contested seats
! Seats won
! colspan="2" | Alliance
! Result
! {{Ref.}}
|-
! [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
| 2020
| 1
| {{Composition bar|1|75|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| style="background:green;"|
| [[Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)|Mahagathbandhan]]
| {{yes2|Opposition}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biharvidhanparishad.gov.in/Members/Member_List.htm|title=Members|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=26 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526193212/https://biharvidhanparishad.gov.in/Members/Member_List.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Seats won by CPI in [[State legislative assemblies of India|state legislative assemblies]]
|-
! State legislative assembly
! Last election
! Contested seats
! Seats won
! colspan="2" | Alliance
! Result
! {{Ref.}}
|-
! [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 23
| {{Composition bar|17|140|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| style="background-color: {{party color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}};" |
| [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|Left Democratic Front]]
| {{yes2|in government}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=LDF shatters Kerala's 40-year record, Pinarayi Vijayan now the Marxist Helmsman|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-05-03|archive-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206100814/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/kerala/ldf-shatters-keralas-40-year-record-pinarayi-vijayan-now-the-marxist-helmsman/articleshow/82359214.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 6
| {{Composition bar|2|234|hex={{party color|Communist Party of India}}}}
| style="background:#0093af;"|
| [[Secular Progressive Alliance]]
| {{yes2|in Government}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/download/httpseci.gov.infilesfile13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/10-%20Detailed%20Results.pdf |title=Detailed Result, Tamil Nadu Assembly Election 2021 |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
![[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
|[[Elections in Telangana|2023]]
|1
|{{Composition bar|1|119|{{party color| Communist Party of India}}}}
|style="background-color: {{party color| Indian National Congress}};" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC+]]
|{{Yes2|in Government}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurmanath |first=K. V.|date=2023-12-03 |title=Congress clinches Telangana; KCR defeated at Kamareddy |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/congress-clinches-telangana-kcr-defeated-at-kamareddy/article67601603.ece |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== List of members of parliament ==
=== List of Rajya Sabha (Upper House) members ===
{{main|List of Rajya Sabha members}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="width:25%; background:#f00; color:#000;"| No.
! style="width:25%; background:#f00; color:#000;"| Name
! style="width:25%; background:#f00; color:#000;"| State
! style="width:25%; background:#f00; color:#000;"| Date of appointment
! style="width:25%; background:#f00; color:#000;"| Date of retirement
|-
!1
|[[P. P. Suneer]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts|2 July 2024}}
|{{dts|1 July 2030}}
|-
!2
|[[P. Sandosh Kumar]]
|[[Kerala]]
|{{dts|4 April 2022}}
|{{dts|3 April 2028}}
|}

=== List of Lok Sabha (Lower House) members ===
{{main|List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#f00; text-align:center; color:#000;"| No.
! style="background:#f00; text-align:center; color:#000;"| Name
! style="background:#f00; text-align:center; color:#000;"| Constituency
! style="background:#f00; text-align:center; color:#000;"| State
|-
!1
|[[K. Subbarayan]]
|[[Tiruppur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruppur]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
!2
|[[Selvaraj V]]
|[[Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency|Nagapattinam]]
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|}

==Leadership==
The 24th Party Congress of the Communist Party of India was held from
2025 September 21 to 25 in [[Chandigarh]]
===General Secretary===
* [[D. Raja]]
===National Secretariat===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white" | Name
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white" | Photo
|-
|[[D. Raja]]
| [[File:D. RAJA DSC 0637.resized.JPG|50px]]
|-
|[[Amarjeet Kaur]]
| [[File:Amarjeet Kaur at Workers' Mahapadav in 2017.png|50px]]
|-
|Bhalchandra Kango
|
|-
|Rama Krushna Panda
|
|-
|[[Annie Raja]]
|[[File:Annie Raja DSC 0654.JPG|50px]]
|-
|Girish Chandra Sharma
|
|-
|[[K. Prakash Babu]]
|
|-
|[[P. Santhosh Kumar]]
| [[File:P. Sandosh Kumar.jpg|50px]]
|-
|[[Palla Venkata Reddy]]
| [[File:Palla Venkata Reddy.jpg|50px]]
|-
|Sanjay Kumar
|
|}

[[K. Ramakrishna]] will be an invitee to the national secretariat. Pallab Sengupta, President of the [[World Peace Council]] and in charge of the CPI International Department for several years, will be a permanent invitee to all higher bodies of the party.

=== State Secretaries ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"|
|-
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white" | State
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; color:white"| State Secretary
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
| ''TBD''
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Gujjula Eshwarayya
|-
|[[Assam]]
| Kanak Gogoi
|-
|[[Bihar]]
| [[Ram Naresh Pandey]]
|-
|[[Delhi]]
| Dinesh Varshney
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
| K. Saji
|-
|[[Goa]]
| Christopher Fonseca
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
| Ramsagar Singh Parihar
|-
|[[Haryana]]
| Dariyav Singh Kashyap
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
| Bhag Singh Chaudhary
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| G. M. Mizrab
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]
| Mahendra Pathak
|-
| [[Karnataka]]
| Saathi Sundaresh
|-
|[[Kerala]]
| [[Binoy Viswam]]
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| Shailendra Shaili
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
| Subhash Lande
|-
|[[Manipur]]
| Naba Chandra
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
| Samudra Gupta<ref>https://highlandpost.com/veteran-communist-leader-passes-away</ref>
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
| M. M. Thromwa Konyak<ref>https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/8/26/IMPHAL-Aug-25The-Nagaland-State-Committee-Communist-Party-of-India-was-formed-yesterday-at-an-ev.html</ref>
|-
|[[Odisha]]
| Prasanta Mishra
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| Bant Singh Brar
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| A. M. Saleem
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
| Narendra Acharya
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
| M. Veerapandian<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-09-14 |title=Veerapandian elected as CPI state secretary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Sep/14/veerapandian-elected-as-cpi-state-secretary |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Telangana]]
| [[Kunamneni Sambasiva Rao]]
|-
|[[Tripura]]
| Milan Baidya
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]
| Jagdish Kuliyal
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| Arvind Raj Swarup
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
| Swapan Banerjee
|}

==List of general secretaries and chairperson==
Article XXXII of the party constitution says:

<blockquote>"The tenure of the General Secretary and Deputy General Secretary, if any, and State Secretaries is limited to two consecutive terms—a term being of not less than two years. In exceptional cases, the unit concerned may decide by three-fourth majority through secret ballot to allow two more terms. In case such a motion is adopted that comrade also can contest in the election along with other candidates. As regards the tenure of the office-bearers at district and lower levels, the state councils will frame rules where necessary."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4927-communist-party-of-india/|title=Communist Party of India|date=5 September 2018|access-date=19 April 2021|archive-date=19 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419165305/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4927-communist-party-of-india/|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ General secretaries and chairmen<ref name="20th Party Congress, Hyderabad">{{cite news|title=20th Party Congress, Hyderabad|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/20th-party-congress-hyderabad.html|access-date=7 September 2020|website=newageweekly.in|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919085848/http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/20th-party-congress-hyderabad.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sudhakar Reddy steps into Bardhan's shoes as CPI general secretary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-steps-into-bardhans-shoes-as-cpi-general-secretary/article3266136.ece|website=thehindu.com|language=en|access-date=1 May 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501080515/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-steps-into-bardhans-shoes-as-cpi-general-secretary/article3266136.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sudhakar Reddy is CPI general secretary again|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-is-cpi-general-secretary-again/article7046445.ece|website=thehindu.com|language=en|access-date=1 May 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501080048/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sudhakar-reddy-is-cpi-general-secretary-again/article7046445.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Sudhakar Reddy unanimously re-elected CPI general secretary|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sudhakar-reddy-unanimously-re-elected-cpi-general-secretary-118042900492_1.html|website= business-standard.com|language= en|access-date= 1 May 2021|archive-date= 1 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210501080048/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sudhakar-reddy-unanimously-re-elected-cpi-general-secretary-118042900492_1.html|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=D. Raja takes over as CPI general secretary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/d-raja-takes-over-as-cpi-general-secretary/article28626860.ece |work=The Hindu |date=21 July 2019 |language=en-IN |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108170430/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/d-raja-takes-over-as-cpi-general-secretary/article28626860.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
! Number !! Photo !! Name !! Tenure
|-
! 1st
| || [[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate]] || 1925–1933
|-
! 2nd
|[[File:Gangadhar Adhikary.jpg|75px]] || [[Gangadhar Adhikari]] || 1933–1935
|-
! 3rd
|[[File:PC Joshi 1937.jpg|75px]] || [[Puran Chand Joshi]] || 1936–1948
|-
! 4th
|[[File:B.T.Ranadive.jpg|75px]] || [[B. T. Ranadive]] || 1948–1950
|-
! 5th
| || [[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] || 1950–1951
|-
! 6th
| || [[Ajoy Ghosh]] || 1951–1962
|-
!Chairperson
| [[File:S.A. Dange.jpg|75px]] || [[Shripad Amrit Dange]] || 1962–1981
|-
! 7th
| [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|75px]] || [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] || 1962–1964
|-
! (-)
| || Chandra Rajeswara Rao || 1964–1990
|-
! 8th
| ||[[Indrajit Gupta]] || 1990–1996
|-
! 9th
| [[File:Bardan.JPG|75px]] || [[Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan]] || 1996–2012
|-
! 10th
| [[File:SUDAKAR REDDY DSC 0686.JPG|75px]] || [[Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy]] || 2012–2019
|-
! 11th
| [[File:D.Raja M.P.JPG|75px]] ||[[D. Raja]] || Since 2019{{Break}}(''incumbent'')
|}

== Party congress ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Party congresses<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|title=Kanpur in History | Genie For Kanpur|website=Genie for City|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728215040/http://genieforcity.com/kanpur/history-kanpur.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0315_pd/first-party-congress-%E2%80%93-1943|title=The First Party Congress – 1943 | Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022195830/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0315_pd/first-party-congress-%E2%80%93-1943|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dharmadispatch.in/commentary/the-calcutta-line-of-the-communist-party-of-india-and-the-train-of-its-continuing-treachery|title=The Calcutta Line of the Communist Party of India and the Train of its Continuing Treachery|first=Sandeep|last=Balakrishna|website=The Dharma Dispatch|date=22 October 2019|access-date=28 August 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922014234/https://www.dharmadispatch.in/commentary/the-calcutta-line-of-the-communist-party-of-india-and-the-train-of-its-continuing-treachery|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0712_pd/third-party-congress-%E2%80%93-attempt-towards-course-correction|title=Third Party Congress – An Attempt towards Course Correction | Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805213240/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0712_pd/third-party-congress-%E2%80%93-attempt-towards-course-correction|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0719_pd/fourth-congress-inner-party-struggle-begins|title=The Fourth Congress: Inner-party Struggle Begins | Peoples Democracy|website=peoplesdemocracy.in|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805221727/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2020/0719_pd/fourth-congress-inner-party-struggle-begins|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/conferences-6.php?n=1|title=Party Congress|website=cpimkerala.org|access-date=28 August 2020|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025112604/https://www.cpimkerala.org/eng/conferences-6.php?n=1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/02/seventh-congress-of-cpi.html|title=Seventh Congress of the CPI|website=newageweekly.in|access-date=1 December 2020|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128203612/http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/02/seventh-congress-of-cpi.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="20th Party Congress, Hyderabad"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/cpi-attacks-govt-on-economic-policies/275203|title=CPI attacks Govt on economic policies|website=outlookindia.com|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030105900/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/cpi-attacks-govt-on-economic-policies/275203|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/23/cpi-discuss-upa-policies-20th-national-congress-hyderabad-1206252300.html|title=CPI to discuss UPA policies at its 20th National Congress in Hyderabad|date=23 March 2008|website=oneindia.com|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024093339/https://www.oneindia.com/2008/03/23/cpi-discuss-upa-policies-20th-national-congress-hyderabad-1206252300.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/CPI-party-congress-calls-for-Left-unity/articleshow/12448346.cms|title=CPI party congress calls for Left unity | Patna News – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 March 2012|access-date=28 August 2020|archive-date=4 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504151420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/CPI-party-congress-calls-for-Left-unity/articleshow/12448346.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/hyderabad-to-patna-xxi-congress.html|title=Hyderabad to Patna – XXI CONGRESS|access-date=1 December 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127021343/http://www.newageweekly.in/2012/03/hyderabad-to-patna-xxi-congress.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/cpi-to-hold-congress-in-puducherry/article6494280.ece|title=CPI to hold congress in Puducherry|first=R.|last=Sivaraman|newspaper=The Hindu|date=13 October 2014|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029231444/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/cpi-to-hold-congress-in-puducherry/article6494280.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpi-party-congress-in-kollam/article19878050.ece|title=CPI party congress in Kollam|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 October 2017|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022152726/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpi-party-congress-in-kollam/article19878050.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada-to-host-cpi-all-india-congress-from-october-14-to-18/article65750782.ece | title=Andhra Pradesh: Vijayawada to host CPI All India Congress from October 14 to 18 | newspaper=The Hindu | date=9 August 2022 | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135021/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada-to-host-cpi-all-india-congress-from-october-14-to-18/article65750782.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mallikarjun-kharge-has-advantage-over-shashi-tharoor-due-to-experience-says-d-raja/article65962079.ece | title=CPI will formulate alternative economic programmes at party congress, says D. Raja | newspaper=The Hindu | date=2 October 2022 | last1=Praveen | first1=S. r. | access-date=9 October 2022 | archive-date=9 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009135023/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/mallikarjun-kharge-has-advantage-over-shashi-tharoor-due-to-experience-says-d-raja/article65962079.ece | url-status=live }}</ref>
! Party congress !! Year !! Place
|-
! Founding conference
| 1925 December 25–28 || [[Cawnpore]] (Kanpur)
|-
! 1st
| 23 May – 1 June 1943 || [[Bombay]]
|-
! [[2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India|2nd]]
| 28 February – 6 March 1948 || [[Calcutta]] (Kolkata)
|-
! 3rd
| 27 December 1953 – 4 January 1954 || [[Madurai]]
|-
! 4th
| 19–29 April 1956 || [[Palghat]]
|-
! 5th
| 6–13 April 1958 || [[Amritsar]]
|-
! 6th
| 7–16 April 1961 || [[Vijayawada]]
|-
! 7th
| 13–23 December 1964 || Bombay
|-
! 8th
| 7–15 February 1968 || [[Patna]]
|-
! 9th
| 3–10 October 1971 || [[Cochin]] (Kochi)
|-
! 10th
| 27 January – 2 February 1975 || Vijayawada
|-
! 11th
| 31 March – 7 April 1978 || [[Bathinda]]
|-
! 12th
| 22–28 March 1982 || [[Varanasi]]
|-
! 13th
| 2–17 March 1986 || Patna
|-
! 14th
| 6–12 March 1989 || Calcutta
|-
! 15th
| 10–16 April 1992 || [[Hyderabad]]
|-
! 16th
| 7–11 October 1995 || [[Delhi]]
|-
! 17th
| 14–19 September 1998 || [[Chennai]]
|-
! 18th
| 26–31 March 2002 || [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
! 19th
| 29 March – 3 April 2005 || [[Chandigarh]]
|-
! 20th
| 23–27 March 2008 || Hyderabad
|-
! 21st
| 27–31 March 2012 || Patna
|-
! 22nd
| 25–29 March 2015 || [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
! 23rd
| 25–29 April 2018 || [[Kollam]]
|-
! 24th
| 14–18 October 2022 || Vijayawada
|-
! 25th
| 21–25 September 2025 || Chandigarh
|}

==Principal mass organisations==
*[[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC)
*[[All India Students' Federation|All India Students Federation]] (AISF)
*[[All India Youth Federation]] (AIYF)
*[[National Federation of Indian Women]] (NFIW)
*[[All India Kisan Sabha]] (AIKS){{Snd}}peasants' organisation
*[[Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union]] (BKMU){{Snd}}agricultural workers organisation
*[[Indian People's Theatre Association]] (IPTA){{Snd}}cultural wing
*All India State Government Employees Confederation (state government employees)
*[[Indian Society for Cultural Co-operation and Friendship]] (ISCUF)
*[[All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation]] (AIPSO)
*[[Progressive Writers' Association]] (PWA)
*[[All India Adivasi Mahasabha]] (tribal wing)
*[[All India Dalit Rights Movement]] (AIDRM)
*Tamil Nadu Oppressed People's Movement
*[[People's Service Corps]]
*[[Ganamukti Parishad]]
In [[Tripura]], the Ganamukti Parishad is a mass organisation amongst the state's [[Tripuri people]].

==List of chief ministers==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Chief ministers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stateofkerala.in/niyamasabha/e_m_s_namboodiripad.php |title=Kerala Niyamasabha EMS Namboodiripad |website=stateofkerala.in |access-date=12 May 2021 |archive-date=12 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512073147/http://www.stateofkerala.in/niyamasabha/e_m_s_namboodiripad.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/111116/60-years-of-kerala-model-boon-and-bane-of-remittances.html|title=60 years of Kerala model: Boon and bane of remittances|date=11 November 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029074206/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/111116/60-years-of-kerala-model-boon-and-bane-of-remittances.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/veteran-cpi-leader-pkv-passes-on/310067|title=Veteran CPI leader 'PKV' passes on|website=outlookindia.com|access-date=30 July 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027010453/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/veteran-cpi-leader-pkv-passes-on/310067|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Photo !! Name !! Tenure !! State
|-
| [[File:E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg|75px]]
| [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
| 1957{{endash}}1959
| rowspan="3" | [[Kerala]]
|-
| [[File:C. Achutha Menon.jpg|75px]]
| [[C. Achutha Menon]]
| 1969{{endash}}1970; 1970{{endash}}1977
|-
| [[File:P.K. Vasudevan Nair.jpg|75px]]
| [[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]]
| 1978{{endash}}1979
|}

==Notable leaders==
*[[Abdul Sattar Ranjoor]] – Founding state secretary of the CPI in [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Ajoy Ghosh]] – Former general secretary of CPI, freedom fighter
*[[Amarjeet Kaur]] – General Secretary of the AITUC and CPI National Secretary
*[[Annabhau Sathe]] – [[Samyukta Maharashtra movement]] leader
*[[Annie Raja]] – General Secretary of NFIW and National Executive Member of CPI
*[[Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan]] – Former general secretary
*[[Aruna Asaf Ali]] – Freedom fighter
*[[Binoy Viswam]] – Former [[Member of Rajya Sabha]], former minister in the Government of Kerala and current State Secretary of CPI Kerala State Committee
*[[Bhan Singh Bhaura]] – Parliamentarian from Punjab and Founding President of Khet Mazdoor Sabha
*[[Bhargavi Thankappan]] – Parliamentarian
*[[Bhupesh Gupta]] – Parliamentarian
*[[C. Achutha Menon]] – Finance minister in first Kerala ministry and former chief minister of Kerala

*[[Chandra Rajeswara Rao]] – former general secretary, Telangana freedom fighter
*[[Chaturanan Mishra]]{{Snd}}parliamentarian and former Central Minister of India
*[[C. K. Chandrappan]] – Parliamentarian and former CPI Kerala State Secretary
*[[Dhanwantri]] – Founding member of the CPI in Jammu and Kashmir
*[[Darshan Singh Canadian]] – Trade unionist, fight against Khalistan movement
*[[D. Pandian]] – Parliamentarian and former Tamil Nadu state secretary
*[[D. Raja]] – Parliamentarian and General secretary of the party
*[[E. Chandrasekharan Nair]] – Senior leader and former Minister in the Government of Kerala
*[[Geeta Mukherjee]] – Parliamentarian and Former Vice President of National Federation of Indian Women
*[[Govind Pansare]] – Prominent activist and lawyer
*[[Gurudas Dasgupta]] – Parliamentarian and former General Secretary of the AITUC and BKMU
*[[Hajrah Begum]] – Former general secretary of NFIW
*[[Hasrat Mohani]] – Founding member
*[[Hijam Irabot]] – Founding leader of CPI in Manipur
*[[Hirendranath Mukherjee]]{{Snd}}Parliamentarian, was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1990 and [[Padma Vibhushan]] in 1991 by the President of India for his lifelong services
* [[Ila Mitra]] – Peasant movement leader from West Bengal
*[[Indrajit Gupta]] – Parliamentarian, former general secretary and a former central minister
*[[Jagannath Sarkar (CPI politician)|Jagannath Sarkar]] – former national secretary, freedom fighter, builder of communist movement in Bihar and Jharkhand
*[[Junu Das]] – Prominent leader of CPI
*[[Kalpana Datta]] – freedom fighter
*[[Kalyan Roy]] – Parliamentarian
*[[Kanam Rajendran]] – Former Kerala state secretary of the party
*[[K.N. Joglekar]] – founding member of CPI
* [[Kunwar Mohammad Ashraf]] – Marxist historian
*[[Meghraj Tawar]] – Former Rajasthan MLA and leader of the CPI
*[[M. Kalyanasundaram]] – Parliamentarian
*[[M. N. Govindan Nair]] – Kerala state secretary during the first communist ministry and a freedom fighter
*[[Mohit Banerji]] – Prominent Leader
*[[Nallakannu]] – former Tamil Nadu state secretary of the party
*[[N. E. Balaram]] – Founding leader of the [[Socialism in India|communist movement]] in Kerala, India
*[[Parvathi Krishnan]] – Parliamentarian
*[[P. Krishna Pillai]] – Founder and First secretary of CPI in Kerala
*[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]] – Former Chief minister of Kerala, Former AISF general secretary, Former AIYF general secretary
*[[Puran Chand Joshi]] – first general secretary of the Communist Party of India
*[[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]] – Former Parliamentarian, national executive member, national president AITUC
*[[Rosamma Punnoose]] – Freedom Fighter
*[[R. Sugathan]] – Prominent trade unionist, mass leader and member of Kerala Legislative Assembly
*[[Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate]] – First general secretary of CPI, freedom fighter
* [[Satyapal Dang]]{{Snd}}Former legislator of [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]], representing the CPI for four terms, and a minister of Food and Civil Supplies in the United Front ministry led by Justice Gurnam Singh, and a Padma Bhushan awardee.
*[[S. S. Mirajkar]] – Trade unionist, freedom fighter
*[[Suhasini Chattopadhyay]] – founding CPI member
*[[Suravaram Sudhakar Reddy]] – former general secretary of the party and parliamentarian
*[[Shripad Amrit Dange]] – Freedom fighter and former chairman of the party
*[[Thoppil Bhasi]] – Writer, film director and parliamentarian
*[[T. V. Thomas]] – Minister in the first Kerala ministry
*[[Veliyam Bharghavan]] – Parliamentarian and former CPI Kerala state secretary
*[[Vidya Munshi]] – Journalist
*[[Vimla Dang]] – leader of CPI
*[[V. V. Raghavan]] – CPI Central Secretariat Member, two-time Lok Sabha member from [[Thrissur]], Rajya Sabha member, former Agriculture Minister of Kerala

==General election results==
{{main|Electoral history of the Communist Party of India}}

{{:Electoral history of the Communist Party of India|transcludesection=LokSabha}}
* : 12 seats in Assam and 1 in Meghalaya did not vote.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!State || Candidates 2019 || Elected 2019 || Candidates 2014 || Elected 2014 || Candidates 2009 || Elected 2009 || Total seats
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 25 (2014) / 42 (2009)
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Assam]] || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 14
|-
|[[Bihar (India)|Bihar]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 40
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]] || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 11
|-
|[[Goa]] || 0 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Gujarat]] || 1|| 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 26
|-
|[[Haryana]] || 1 ||0 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 10
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 6
|-
|[[Jharkhand]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 14
|-
|[[Karnataka]] ||1||0 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 28
|-
|[[Kerala]] ||4||0 || 4 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 20
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] ||4||0 || 5 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 29
|-
|[[Maharashtra]] ||2||0 || 4 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 48
|-
|[[Manipur]] ||1|| 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Meghalaya]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Mizoram]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Nagaland]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Odisha]] ||1||0 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 21
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]] ||2||0 || 5 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 13
|-
|[[Rajasthan]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 25
|-
|[[Sikkim]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]] ||2||2 || 8 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 39
|-
|[[Tripura]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
|[[Telangana]] ||2||0 || || || || || 17
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] ||12||0 || 8 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 80
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 5
|-
|[[West Bengal]] ||3||0 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 42
|-
! colspan="8" | Union Territories:
|-
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Chandigarh]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Daman and Diu]] ||0||0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|Delhi ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 7
|-
|[[Lakshadweep]] ||1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ali-akbar-k/candidates/candidateid-7959.cms|title=Ali Akbar K.: Ali Akbar K. CPI from LAKSHADWEEP in Lok Sabha Elections | Ali Akbar K. News, images and videos|website=The Economic Times|access-date=3 August 2020|archive-date=27 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527020627/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ali-akbar-k/candidates/candidateid-7959.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>||0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] ||0||0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
|'''Total''' || '''50'''|| '''2'''|| '''67'''|| '''1'''|| '''56'''|| '''4'''|| '''543'''
|}
<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802000135/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=2 August 2013|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf|title=Lok Sabha Elections 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123041546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2016|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10983-6-state-wise-candidate-data-summary/ |title=6. State Wise Candidate data Summary |date=11 October 2019 |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509155400/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10983-6-state-wise-candidate-data-summary/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/ | title=Seventh Lok Sabha elections (1980) | work=Indian Express | date=14 March 2014 | agency=Indian Express | access-date=18 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026125112/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/once-upon-a-poll-seventh-lok-sabha-elections-1980/ | archive-date=26 October 2014 |url-status = live| df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|India|Politics|Communism|Socialism|Organized Labour}}
*[[Politics of India]]
*[[List of political parties in India]]
*[[List of communist parties in India]]
*[[List of communist parties]]
*[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)]]
*[[Left Front (West Bengal)]]
*[[Left Front (Tripura)]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Chakrabarty, Bidyut. ''Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies'' (Oxford University Press, 2014).
* Devika, J. "Egalitarian developmentalism, communist mobilization, and the question of caste in Kerala State, India." ''Journal of Asian Studies'' (2010): 799–820. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J_Devika/publication/231963735_Egalitarian_Developmentalism_Communist_Mobilization_and_the_Question_of_Caste_in_Kerala_State_India/links/56a6105308ae2c689d39b459.pdf online]
* D'mello, Vineet Kaitan. "The United Socialist Front: The Congress Socialist Party and the Communist Party of India." ''Proceedings of the Indian History Congress''. Vol. 73. (2012) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156257 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516022738/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44156257 |date=16 May 2021 }}.
* Haithcox, John Patrick. ''Communism and Nationalism in India'' (Princeton UP, 2015).
* Kautsky, John H. ''Moscow and the Communist Party of India: A Study in the Postwar Evolution of International Communist Strategy.'' (MIT Press, 1956).
* Kohli, Atul. "Communist Reformers in West Bengal: Origins, Features, and Relations with New Delhi." in ''State Politics in Contemporary India'' (Routledge, 2019) pp. 81–102.
* Lockwood, David. ''The communist party of India and the Indian emergency'' (SAGE Publications India, 2016).
* Lovell, Julia. '' Maoism: A Global History'' (2019)
* Masani, M.R. ''The Communist Party of India: A Short History.'' (Macmillan, 1954). [https://archive.org/details/communistpartyof0000masa online]
* Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller. ''Communism in India'' (U of California Press, 2020)
* Paul, Santosh, ed. ''The Maoist Movement in India: perspectives and counterperspectives'' (Taylor & Francis, 2020).
* Pons, Silvio and Robert Service, eds. ''A Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism'' (Princeton UP, 2010) pp 180–182.
* Singer, Wendy. "Peasants and the Peoples of the East: Indians and the Rhetoric of the Comintern," in Tim Rees and Andrew Thorpe, ''International Communism and the Communist International, 1919–43.'' (Manchester University Press, 1998).
* Steur, Luisa. "Adivasis, Communists, and the rise of indigenism in Kerala." ''Dialectical Anthropology'' 35.1 (2011): 59–76. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Luisa_Steur/publication/225125280_Adivasis_Communists_and_the_rise_of_indigenism_in_Kerala/links/550945210cf27e990e0e2c5b.pdf online]
* N. E. Balaram, ''A Short History of the Communist Party of India.'' Kozikkode, Cannanore, India: Prabhath Book House, 1967.
* Samaren Roy, ''The Twice-Born Heretic: M.N. Roy and the Comintern.'' Calcutta: Firma KLM Private, 1986.

===Primary sources===
* G. Adhikari (ed.), ''Documents of the History of the Communist Party of India: Volume One, 1917–1922.'' New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1971.
* G. Adhikari (ed.), ''Documents of the History of the Communist Party of India: Volume Two, 1923–1925.'' New Delhi: People's Publishing House, 1974.
* V. B. Karnick (ed.), ''Indian Communist Party Documents, 1930–1956.'' Bombay: Democratic Research Service/Institute of Public Relations, 1957.
* Rao, M. B., Ed. ''Documents Of The History Of The Communist Party Of India(1948–1950), Vol. 7'' (1960) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.148620 online]
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* {{official website|https://communistpartyofindia.com/}}
* {{GovPubs|Communist%20Party%20of%20India|CPI}}
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Communist Party of India}}
* {{Britannica|1921404}}

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Robert Blair McCabe

2026-04-25T04:18:36Z

Nonebotnone50: Made Info

{{Short description|Indian Civil Service officer (1854-1897)}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Robert Blair McCabe
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CSI}}
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = Political officer of the North Lushai Hills
| status = 
| term_start = 9 September 1890
| term_end = 1892
| monarch = [[Queen Victoria]]
| president =
| governor_general =
| taoiseach =
| chancellor =
| governor =
| co-leader =
| deputy =
| lieutenant =
| predecessor = [[Herbert Richard Browne|H.R. Browne]]
| successor = [[A.W. Davis]]
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{circa|1854}}
| birth_place = [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1897|6|12|1854}}
| death_place = [[Shillong]], East Khasi Hills
| death_cause = [[1897 Assam earthquake|Great Shillong Earthquake]]
| resting_place = All Saints Cathedral Old Cemetery
| spouse = {{marriage|Mabel Augusta Cortlandt Faulknor|23 March 1887}}
| relations =
| father = John McCabe
| relatives =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Victoria College, Jersey]]
| occupation = Indian Civil Service
| profession = Deputy Commissioner
| known_for = Pacification of the Naga Hills Pacification of the Lushai Hills
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =

| allegiance = [[United Kingdom]]
| branch = Police
| rank =
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[Lushai Rising]]
| mawards = [[Order of the Star of India]] (Posthumous) The Lushai campaign medal

| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Robert Blair McCabe''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CSI}} ({{langx|lus|Lalmantua}}, {{literal translation|Chief catcher}}, {{circa|1854}} – 12 June 1897) was a British civil servant. He joined the Indian civil service in 1874 and was stationed in Assam in 1876. He is most well known for his pacification of the Naga Hills and the Lushai Hills, particularly the [[Lushai Rising]].{{sfn|Noonans Mayfair}} McCabe would die in 1897 after being struck by an earthquake.{{sfn|McCall|1949|p=59}}

==Career==
Robert Blair McCabe originally belonged to the Assam Civil Service before becoming a member of the [[Indian Civil Service]]. McCabe's first role was assigned the Assistant Commissioner of the Naga Hills district before becoming Deputy Commissioner in 1884.

==Naga Hills==
In July 1884, after the Ao Nagas of Manmatung cut up the bodies of Lhota traders and looted their belongings within British territory, McCabe was assigned under Lieutenant Tieman for a punitive expedition. A force of 50 military police and 40 men of the Bengal Light Infantry accompanied them. Manmatung was burnt without opposition despite significant defence, and the expedition succeeded in capturing the murderers and perpetrators.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=265}}

==Lushai Hills==
{{main|Lushai Rising}}

=== Western Lushai Rising ===
After the murder of [[Herbert Richard Browne|H.R. Browne]] in the [[Lushai Rising]], McCabe was assigned the role of Political Officer of the North Lushai Hills immediately. McCabe's reputation in handling the Ao Nagas and the Naga Hills made him the preferred choice to subdue the Lushai Rising. McCabe was assigned head of the garrison and set out from Silchar to Fort Aijal to restore order.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=269}} McCabe reached Fort Aijal which had been besieged since 9 September and relieved it. On 23 November on the way to Fort Aijal McCabe had also destroyed the village of Khama. On 22 November, [[Khalkam]], the leader of the Western Lushai chiefs in the Lushai Rising, surrendered unconditionally. McCabe fined Khalkam 20 guns to spare his jhums form being burnt down, Khalkam was also required to accompany McCabe to Fort Aijal to investigate the merit of each chief's contribution to the rising.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=270}} McCabe recorded Khalkam's statement on breaking his oath with Captain Browne, the meeting of the chiefs to conspire the rising and the plan of action decided upon. In a separate report, McCabe recorded the order of influence of the Western Lushai chiefs to form a pacification policy around the most influential.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=272}}

From Fort Aijal McCabe's next goal was to capture Lengpunga. From 25–29 November, McCabe ruthless pursued Lengpunga who became demoralized with Khalkam's surrender. Lengpunga made an unconditional surrender to McCabe and was placed under heavy surveillance and guards. McCabe recorded Lengpunga's statement where he admitted to acting under his brother Khalkam the paramount western Lushai chief.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=272}} Lengpunga admitted to participating in the attack on Brown through his men and for firing on the reinforcement under Lieutenant Swinton during the relief force at Fort Aijal. Both Lengpunga and Khalkam were deported to Hazarbagh jail where they would commit suicide.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=273}}

=== Eastern Lushai Rising ===
The eastern Lushai chiefs did not offer any help in the western Lushai rising in 1890 as their rivalry with the western lushai chiefs found it in their interest to see them weakened. The eastern Lushai chiefs however were not made to pay taxes until McCabe's announcement in 1891-1892. McCabe anticipated an eastern Lushai Rising as early as October 1891. In a report he outlined the factions of the eastern Lushai chiefs, the family of [[Vanhnuailiana]] now led by [[Lalburha]] (Lalbura) and [[Poiboi]] and the family of [[Vuttaia]] (Vuta) led by [[Kairuma]]. As Lalbura was the remaining chief of influence in the east Lushai Hills, McCabe decided to set up camp near Lalbura. The intention was to use it as a base to collect revenue from the eastern Lushai chiefs. However, McCabe hesitated at the prospect until Captain [[John Shakespear (British Army officer)|John Shakespear]] guaranteed him his full support. McCabe headed an expeditionary force and met with Shakespear at Kairuma's new village. A durbar of chiefs was held where a boundary dispute between Kairuma and Daokoma threatened to create a war between Vuta's family and the northern Howlong chiefs.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=274}} The boundary was settled and certain villages were made over to the Assam administration as a result. The eastern Lushai chiefs cooperated with McCabe, apart from Bungteya and Lalbura. After Lalbura refused to supply coolies, McCabe headed a garrison and arrived at Lalbura's village on 28 February 1892 with Lieutenant Tytler and Captain Malville.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=275}}

The garrison occupied the village with a strategic position. The Lushais, in return, burnt their houses to blockade the force into a hilly ravine. The British maintained the composure of the force and fired constant valleys to scatter the Lushai warriors. McCabe sent categorical instructions via heliograph to Captain Loch to inform the western Lushai chiefs not to shelter the eastern chiefs. The expedition against Lalbura continued from March 3 to March 17, 1892. The Lushais attacked convoys and supplies to weaken the force. British attempts for face-to-face fighting were foiled as the Lushais practiced guerilla warfare. Shakespear was mobilized to march from Fort Lungleh under order of the Bengal government. The 18th Bengal Infantry from Fort Aijal reached McCabe at Lalbura to relive them.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=275}}

McCabe hounded the able bodied Lushais as he came across each village and settlement. McCabe burned down the granaries of the Lushais. The Eastern Lushais could not withstand the fight against the British and in desperation turned to ally their traditional enemies. Kairuma sent his ''upas'' to Sailenpui the western Lushai chief but he refused to share the fate of his brothers Khalkam and Lengpunga and refused to aid them. Lalbura's forces surrendered to McCabe. McCabe would then advance east of the Sonai river to capture Bungteya, Lalruya, Tankampa, Vangpunga and Poiboi's mother. The eastern Lushais agreed to supply coolies daily for the construction of the roads.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=276}} As a result of McCabe's conduct and success in pacifying the Lushai Rising, the Lushais termed him Lalhmantau which refers to ''Chief catcher''.

=== Administrative developments ===
McCabe militarised Fort Aijal further by fortifying it with more men and ammunition later on. The pacification of the Lushai Rising made merchants and representatives of the government confident into venturing into the Lushai Hills.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=276}} McCabe prepared a draft for the future administration of the North Lushai Hills after studying the language and customs of the Lushai people. McCabe recommended a formal annexation which would be completed in 1895. The draft formed the basis of administration for B.c. Carey the political officer of the Chin Hills. After Carey would develop the draft further, Shakespear would finish the draft. The draft advocated for supreme authority of the superintendent of the Lushai Hills, a policy of indirect rule through [[Mizo Chieftainship|Lushai chieftainship]], prevalence of Lushai customary law and limited entry of English laws to severe crimes.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=277}}

==Assam==
McCabe was later assigned to Assam to restore order.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=277}} McCabe on his merits was promoted to Deputy Commissioner of Kamrup district in Gauhati. The borders of kamrup bordered Bhutan which also meant that McCabe would have to deal with the Bhutias.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=278}}

===Assam peasant revolt===
The Assam government in 1892 decreed the increase of existing rates among the population. This led to dissatisfaction among the rural individuals and peasants. Towns such as Jorhat and Gauhati held protests against the new policy. The Chief Commissioner reduced the rates, but this failed to appease the people. A no-rent campaign was initiated.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=278}} The secretariat ordered McCabed to visit Rangiya which he did on 6 January 1894. Rangiya was a trouble centre, as a result McCabe initiated a meeting with delegations of the people in his camp to make a report on the no tax campaign in Kamrup district. McCabe's report would suggest redressal measures for the pacification of the infuriated peasantry. He in particular highlighted the exploitation of Assamese ryots under the Marwari traders. McCabe would also arrest some protestors. As a result, a crowd of 2000 wielding canes and sticks arrived at the Rangiya Police Station to demand release. McCabe instead decided to fire at the crowd. There were no casualties from this act, but they dispersed. However, the peasant revolt succeeded as the government failed to collect taxes from several holdings in Kamrup. McCabe advised the administration to avoid taking extreme measures. On 25 January 1894, McCabe faced a crowd of 600 protestors who turned violent, and he was dispersed by force.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=272}}

Chatterjee argues that McCabe's skilful handling of the situation prevented the peasant revolt from turning violent. As opposed to McCabe's Naga and Lushai Hills administrations, McCabe utilised a persuasion policy in Kamrup. he identified the exploited nature of the peasantry as opposed to the scheming violence of the hill tribes at the time.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=279}} The peasant revolt met a gory end as district magistrate Darang led the police into a confrontation leading to deaths of several on 24 January 1895.{{sfn|Chatterjee|2009|p=280}}

==Death==
Robert Blair McCabe died on 12 June 1897 during the [[1897 Assam earthquake|Great Shillong Earthquake]].{{sfn|Leicester Chronicle|1897}} McCabe's house structure collapsed during the disaster, leading to his death. McCabe's wife, Mabel Faulknor, was not allowed to mourn her husband's death in the immediate aftermath. A letter recounting the burial would state, 'It had been so terrible, they could not get a coffin, so he was buried only in a sheet & the grave was full of water. The men said they had never seen such a terrible funeral'.{{sfn|May|2023}}{{sfn|Sweet|1897}}

A rhododendron species discovered in 1882 and introduced to Britain was named ''Rhododendron macabeanum'' to commemorate Robert Blair McCabe.{{sfn|Noltie|2017}} On 29 June 1897, the London Gazette stated the Queens intention to posthumously award Robert Blair McCabe with the Compansionship of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India for recognition of his merits among the Nagas and Lushais.{{sfn|Noonans Mayfair}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |date=2009 |title=Frontier Officers in Colonial Northeast India |location=New Delhi |publisher=Akansha Publishing |isbn=978-81-8370-168-6}}
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.noonans.co.uk/auctions/archive/lot-archive/results/89352/ |title=The Lushai Campaign Medal awarded to Mr R.B. McCabe, Political Officer in the North Lushai Hills |date= |website=Noonans Mayfair |publisher= |access-date=24 December 2024|quote=|ref={{SfnRef|Noonans Mayfair}}}}
*{{cite news |date=19 June 1897 |title=A victim of the Indian earthquake |work=Leicester Chronicle |location=Leicester, England|volume = 87|issue=4506|ref={{sfnref|Leicester Chronicle|1897}}}}
*{{cite journal |last1=May |first1=Andrew J. |date=2023 |title=The Troubled House: Families, Heritance, and the Reckoning of Empire |doi=10.3390/genealogy7010008 |journal= Genealogy|volume=7 |issue=1 |page=8 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite book|last=McCall|first=Anthony Gilchrist|title=Lushai Chrysalis|year=1949|publisher=Luzac|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16549/mode/2up}}
*{{cite web |last=Noltie |first=Henry |date=5 July 2017 |title=Rhododendron macabeanum |url=https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/25604 |website=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh |location=Edinburgh |access-date=25 January 2025}}
*{{cite archive |first=May |last=Sweet|item =Xeroxed copy of a letter to her sister Mrs. Godfrey |type=Letter |date=28 June 1897 |collection=Cambridge South Asia Archives |institution=University of Cambridge}}

{{Lushai frontier}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:McCabe, Robert Blair}}
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1897 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers of punitive expeditions in the Lushai Hills]]
[[Category:British military personnel in colonial India]]
[[Category:People educated at Victoria College, Jersey]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]

Khalid Saifullah Rahmani

2026-04-23T06:47:44Z

Nonebotnone50: adding initial biography with sources!

{{Short description|Indian Muslim scholar and jurist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Mufti]], Mawlāna
| name = Khalid Saifullah Rahmani
| image = Khalid Saifullah Rahmani (2018).jpg
| caption = Rahmani in 2018
| office = President of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]]
| term_start = 3 June 2023
| predecessor = [[Rabey Hasani Nadwi]]
| office1 = General Secretary of [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]]
| term_start1 = 2021
| term_end1 = 2023
| predecessor1 = [[Wali Rahmani]]
| successor1 = [[Fazlur Rahim Mujaddidi]]
| office2 = General Secretary of [[Islamic Fiqh Academy, India]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography|embed = yes|religion=[[Islam]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1956|11}}
| birth_place = [[Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]], India
| main_interests = [[Islamic Jurisprudence]]
|notable_works = Qamusul Fiqh, Contemporary jurisprudence
| alma_mater = [[Jamia Rahmani Munger]], [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| website = {{URL|khalidrahmani.in}}
| nationality = Indian
|relatives = [[Mujahidul Islam Qasmi]] (uncle)
|founder = [[Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad]]
|children = {{Bulleted list|[[Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani]] (son)|Zafar Abedeen Nadwi (son)}}
}}
}}
'''Khalid Saifullah Rahmani''' (born November 1956) is an Indian Muslim scholar, author and jurist who serves as the fifth president of the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Sravasti |date=22 August 2024 |title=Naidu and Nitish to Oppose Waqf Bill in Parliament, Says Muslim Personal Law Board |url=https://thewire.in/politics/naidu-and-nitish-to-oppose-waqf-bill-in-parliament-says-muslim-personal-law-board |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fatima |first=Heena |date=2024-08-23 |title=Naidu, Nitish assured they will oppose Waqf Bill, says AIMPLB chief. 'Nationwide stir if it's passed' |url=https://theprint.in/india/naidu-nitish-assured-they-will-oppose-waqf-bill-says-aimplb-chief-nationwide-stir-if-its-passed/2235078/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=[[ThePrint]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2024 |title=Gyanvapi mosque row: Varanasi court ruled in 'haste', says All India Muslim Personal Law Board |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/gyanvapi-mosque-row-varanasi-court-ruled-in-haste-says-all-india-muslim-personal-law-board-11706876462295.html |access-date=24 August 2024 |website=[[Live Mint]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-08-24 |title=Muslim Personal Law Board president, AIMIM chief meet CM Revanth over Waqf Bill |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/muslim-personal-law-board-president-aimim-chief-meet-cm-revanth-over-waqf-bill/article68563274.ece |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is the general secretary of [[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)|Islamic Fiqh Academy of India]]. He has authored books including ''The Islamic Jurisprudence: Introduction and Codification'' and ''Kitāb-ul-Fatāwa''.

==Biography==
Khalid Saifullah Rahmani was born in November 1956.{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=395}} He is the nephew of Islamic scholar and jurist, [[Mujahidul Islam Qasmi]].{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=395}} He received his primary education at home and studied at Madrasa Qasimul Uloom Hussainia for two years. He graduated from Jamia Rahmani in [[Munger]] and studied "dawra-e-hadith" (the [[hadith]] class of [[Dars-i Nizami|Dars-e-Nizami]]) again at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], and graduated from there in 1395 [[Hijri year|AH]].{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=396}} He later specialized in Islamic law and jurisprudence at Amarat-e-Sharia, [[Patna]]. His teachers include [[Sharif Hasan Deobandi]], [[Mahmood Hasan Gangohi]], [[Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)|Naseer Ahmad Khan]], [[Nizamuddin Azami]], [[Anzar Shah Kashmiri]], and [[Muhammad Salim Qasmi]]. Rahmani also benefitted from his uncle Mujahidul Islam Qasmi.{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=396}}

In 1398 AH, Rahmani started to teach at Madrasa Sabeelus-Salam, where he was appointed head teacher in 1399 AH. He taught there for 22 years and went on to establish [[Al Mahadul Aali Al Islami, Hyderabad]].{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=398}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-18 |title=Seminary with a modern outlook |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/seminary-with-a-modern-outlook/article3429765.ece |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He has also helped to found institutions such as Sabilul Falaah and Madrasa al-Falihat in [[Darbhanga]]; Madrasa Nurul Uloom, in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and Madrasa Talimul Quran lil-Banat in Karnataka.{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=404}}

Rahmani is a member of the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]]'s Legal Council<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2018-02-11 |title=Nadvi expelled from AIMPLB for meeting Sri Sri without permission |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/nadvi-expelled-from-aimplb-for-favouring-ayodhya-formula-1502583614.html |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=404}} and the general secretary of [[Islamic Fiqh Academy (India)|Islamic Fiqh Academy]].{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=404}} He is a regular columnist of the Friday edition of ''Munsif'', and editor of ''Three Monthly Behs-o-Nazar'', an Islamic juristic journal that Mujahidul Islam Qasmi had started.{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=406}} In 2021, he was appointed interim, and subsequently prominent, general secretary of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board following Wali Rahmani's death,<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2021 |title=Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani is the new acting general secretary of Muslim Board |url=https://muslimmirror.com/eng/maulana-khalid-saifullah-rahmani-is-the-new-acting-general-secretary-of-muslim-board/ |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=[[Muslim Mirror]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-04 |title=Muslims going through more difficult situation than in 1857, 1947: AIMPLB official |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/muslims-going-through-more-difficult-situation-than-in-1857-1947-aimplb-official/articleshow/90642601.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2022-09-02 |title=AIMPLB slams BJP, says action against madrassas "unconstitutional" |url=https://theprint.in/politics/aimplb-slams-bjp-says-action-against-madrassas-unconstitutional/1114181/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> after having served as a secretary of the Board.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2018 |title=AIMPLB accepts Salman Nadvi's 'disassociation' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/aimplb-accepts-salman-nadvi-s-disassociation-118021100590_1.html |access-date=15 September 2024 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> On 3 June 2023, he was elected as the fifth president of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board following the demise of [[Rabey Hasani Nadwi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2023 |title=Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani elected fifth president of All India Muslim Personal Law Board |work=ANI |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/maulana-khalid-saifullah-rahmani-elected-fifth-president-of-all-india-muslim-personal-law-board20230604061553/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohammed |first=Syed |date=2023-06-08 |title=Fight against Uniform Civil Code a key challenge, says AIMPLB president |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/fight-against-uniform-civil-code-a-key-challenge-says-aimplb-president/article66946675.ece |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-17 |title="A meeting against UCC": Akhilesh Yadav meets All India Muslim Personal Law Board chief |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/a-meeting-against-ucc-akhilesh-yadav-meets-all-india-muslim-personal-law-board-chief/articleshow/101806019.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-04 |title=Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani elected fifth president of All India Muslim Personal Law Board |url=https://theprint.in/india/maulana-khalid-saifullah-rahmani-elected-fifth-president-of-all-india-muslim-personal-law-board/1610945/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2023 |title=ऑल इंडिया मुस्लिम पर्सनल लॉ बोर्ड को नया अध्यक्ष मिला, मौलाना खालिद सैफुल्लाह रहमानी AIMPLB के अध्यक्ष |trans-title=All India Muslim Personal Law Board gets new president, Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani becomes AIMPLB president |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/politics/aimplb-gets-new-president-maulana-khalid-saifullah-rahmani-news/articleshow/100737504.cms |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=[[Navbharat Times]] |language=hi}}</ref>

==Literary works==
Rahmani's works include:{{Sfn|Ghāzi Qāsmi|Haseeb Qāsmi|2011|p=409}}
* ''Aasaan Tafsir-e-Quran Majid'' (A commentary on the [[Quran]])
* ''Fiqh-e-Islāmi: Tadwīn-o-Ta'āruf'' (The Islamic Jurisprudence: Introduction and Codification)
* ''Islām ka Nizām Ushr-o-Zakāt''
* ''Khawātīn ke Māli Huqūq: Shariat-e-Islāmi ki Nazar mai''
* ''Kitāb al-Fatāwa'' (The Book of the Fatāwa)
* ''Qāmus al-Fiqh''
* ''Qur'ān: Ek Ilhāmi Kitāb''
* ''Asan Usul-e Hadith''<ref name=":Kaleem">{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=24 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024044219/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/handle/10603/364028 |url-status=live |pages=207–208}}</ref>
*''Prophet for the World'' (English translation of his Urdu book ''Paighambar-e-Aalam'')<ref name="book launching">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-09-14 |title=Telangana CM releases book 'Prophet for the World' |url=https://theprint.in/india/telangana-cm-releases-book-prophet-for-the-world/2268204/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="book launching2">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-09-15 |title=Revanth terms Asad Owaisi as the voice of poor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/revanth-terms-asad-owaisi-as-the-voice-of-poor/article68643041.ece |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Omar Abedeen Qasmi Madani]]
* [[Muhammad Azam Nadwi]]

== References ==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author-last1=Ghāzi Qāsmi |author-first1=Aftāb|author-last2= Haseeb Qāsmi |author-first2=Abdul|title=Fuzala-e-Deoband Ki Fiqhi Khidmat|trans-title=Services of the Graduates of Deoband in Islamic Jurisprudence |url=https://besturdubooks.net/tag/fuzala-e-deoband-ki-fiqhi-khidmat-pdf-book/ |publisher=Kutub Khana Naimia |location=[[Deoband]] |pages=395–410 |chapter = Khalid Saifullah Rahmani|date=February 2011 |language=ur}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahmani, Khalid Saifullah}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian muftis]]
[[Category:Interpreters]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]

East–West Dedicated Freight Corridor

2026-04-21T12:39:00Z

Nonebotnone50: adding entry...

{{Short description|Upcoming dedicated freight corridor in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = East–West Dedicated Freight Corridor
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Rail freight transport|Freight rail]]
| system =
| status = Approved (land acquisition under progress)
| locale = [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], and [[Gujarat]]
| start = [[Dankuni]], [[West Bengal]]
| end = [[Palghar]], [[Maharashtra]]
| stations =
| ridership2 =
| owner = [https://dfccil.com/ DFCCIL]
| operator = DFCCIL
| character =
| stock =
| linelength_km = 2000
| tracklength =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|5ft6in}} [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian broad gauge]]
| electrification = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| speed =
| elevation =
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''East–West Dedicated Freight Corridor''' or '''East–West DFC''' is a [[Dedicated freight corridors in India|freight specific railway]] proposed from Eastern to Western India by [[Indian Railways]]. The corridor will run between [[Dankuni]] in [[West Bengal]] and [[Palghar]] in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=124598|title=Progress in Dedicated Freight Corridor|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2016-04-18|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904192111/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=124598|url-status=live}}</ref> It was announced by then [[Railway minister|Railway Minister]] [[Suresh Prabhu]], while presenting the Railway Budget of India in the fiscal year 2016–17.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/business/railway-budget/story/railways-to-develop-three-dedicated-freight-corridors-58948-2016-02-25|title=Rail Budget 2016: Railways to develop three dedicated freight corridors|website=BusinessToday.in|agency=IANS|date=25 February 2016|access-date=2022-07-03|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020222812/https://www.businesstoday.in/business/railway-budget/story/railways-to-develop-three-dedicated-freight-corridors-58948-2016-02-25|url-status=live}}</ref> The Government has indicated that they are likely to use [[Foreign direct investment in India|foreign direct investment]] for funding the project. The project would be undertaken through [[Public–private partnership|Public Private Partnership]] (PPP) model.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/budget-2016/rail-budget-2016-govt-plans-3-more-freight-corridors-through-ppp/216265/|title=Rail Budget 2016: Govt plans 3 more freight corridors through PPP|website=The Financial Express|date=26 February 2016|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-18|archive-date=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612050757/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/budget-2016/rail-budget-2016-govt-plans-3-more-freight-corridors-through-ppp/216265/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Map of dedicated freight corridors of India.jpg|thumb|alt= colour coded map showing freight-lines network|upright=1.2|The under development dedicated freight corridor network in India.]]
Notably, freight trains with a speed of maximum 100 km per hour will pass through the East-West DFC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chhattisgarh East West Rail Corridor may complete by 2020 |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/raipur/chhattisgarh-east-west-rail-corridor-may-complete-by-2020.html |accessdate=4 September 2018 |publisher=The Pioneer |date=22 April 2018 |archive-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904193604/https://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/raipur/chhattisgarh-east-west-rail-corridor-may-complete-by-2020.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Trains}}
* [[Dedicated freight corridors in India]]
** [[Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor]]
** [[Western Dedicated Freight Corridor]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Dedicated freight corridors of India}}

[[Category:Transport in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Dedicated freight corridors of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]

Ketakee Singh

2026-04-19T23:03:15Z

Nonebotnone50: adding the biography basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ketakee Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = '''Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]'''
| term_start = 2022
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ram Govind Chaudhary]]
| successor =
| office1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Shant Swaroop Singh
| children = 2
| parents =
| constituency = [[Bansdih (Assembly constituency)|Bansdih]]
}}

'''Ketakee Singh''' is an Indian politician. She was elected to [[Bansdih (Assembly constituency)|Bansdih]] in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Ketakee Singh defeated the leader of opposition [[Ram Govind Chaudhary]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/results | title=Uttar Pradesh Election Results 2022 | publisher=NDTV | accessdate=12 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/all-winners/ | title=ALL WINNERS LIST UTTAR PRADESH ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 2022 | publisher=News18 | accessdate=12 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ketakee Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- BANSDIH(BALIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=3780 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ketakee}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Ballia district]]

Nauvdip Kumar Sodhi

2026-04-18T14:49:05Z

Nonebotnone50: made

{{Short description|Indian judge (1943–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = '''Justice'''
| image =
| name = N. K. Sodhi
| image_size =
| caption =
| office = [[Securities Appellate Tribunal|Presiding Officer of Securities Appellate Tribunal]]
| term_start = 21 December 2005
| term_end = 28 November 2011
| nominator =
| appointer =
| predecessor = [[Kumar Rajarathnam]]
| successor = J.P. Devadhar
| office2 = [[Chief Justice]] of [[High Court of Kerala|Kerala High Court]]
| term_start2 = 19 November 2004
| term_end2 = 29 November 2005
| nominator2 =
| appointer2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Nagendra Kumar Jain]]
| successor2 = [[Cyriac Joseph]]
| office3 = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Karnataka High Court]]
| term_start3 = 5 April 2004
| term_end3 = 17 November 2004
| nominator3 =
| appointer3 =
| predecessor3 = [[Jawahar Lal Gupta]]
| successor3 = [[B. Subhashan Reddy]]
| office4 = [[Judge]] of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
| term_start4 = March 1991
| term_end4 = January 2004
| nominator4 =
| appointer4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1943|11|29|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|12|28|1943|11|29|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Chandigarh]]
| death_cause = [[COVID-19]]
| spouse = Neelam Sodhi
}}

'''Nauvdip Kumar Sodhi'''<ref name="Name Expansion">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.e.2005-12-16.006/mode/1up|title=Gazette Archive|via=archive.org|date=16 Dec 2015|access-date=13 Jul 2022}}</ref> was an Indian judge who served as Chief Justice of the [[Kerala High Court|Kerala]] and [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]] High Courts.<ref name="Ref1">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/former-karnataka-chief-justice-n-k-sodhi-passes-away-1066375.html|title=Former Karnataka chief justice N K Sodhi passes away|via=deccanherald.com|date=30 Dec 2021|access-date=7 Jun 2022}}</ref> After his retirement as judge he was appointed the Presiding Officer of the [[Securities Appellate Tribunal]].<ref name="Ref4">{{cite web|url=http://sat.gov.in/scripts/detailsat.asp?releaseId=E0000US4|title=Securities Appellate Tribunal Official Website|via=sat.gov.in|date=|access-date=8 Jun 2022}}</ref>

==Career==
Sodhi graduated in law from Panjab University in 1965 and started practicing as an advocate in civil, constitutional, labour, tax, transport and corporate laws in Chandigarh. He also served as editor of the Indian Law Reports (Punjab and Haryana series) and was a part-time law faculty at the Panjab University. In March 1991 he was elevated as Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, later transferred to Kerala High Court where he served as acting Chief Justice and became Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court and was transferred to Karnataka as Chief Justice from where Justice Sodhi demitted his office upon attaining age of superannuation on 29 November 2005. After retirement he was appointed as the Presiding Officer of the Securities Appellate Tribunal at Mumbai, for a period of six years.<ref name="Ref2">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/former-cj-of-kerala-and-karnataka-hc-justice-nk-sodhi-passes-away-7695587/|title=Former CJ of Kerala and Karnataka HC, Justice NK Sodhi passes away|via=indianexpress.com|date=29 Dec 2021|access-date=7 Jun 2022}}</ref>

==Death==
After he contracted [[COVID-19]], he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and was moved to the [[Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] in Chandigarh. He succumbed to COVID-19, on 28 December 2021, at the age of 78.<ref name="Ref3">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/chandigarh-former-chief-justice-nk-sodhi-succumbs-to-covid-101640727182668.html|title=Former chief justice NK Sodhi succumbs to Covid|via=hindustantimes.com|date=29 Dec 2021|access-date=7 Jun 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodhi, Nauvdip Kumar}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Judges of the Punjab and Haryana High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Kerala High Court]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Karnataka High Court]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]

Amneswarnath Mahadev Mandir

2026-04-16T13:56:59Z

Nonebotnone50: creating new page more to come.

{{Short description|Ancient Shiva temple in Mithila}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Amneswarnath Mahadev Mandir|native_name=अमनेश्वरनाथ महादेव मंदिर|native_name_lang=mai|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|deity=Lord Shiva|festivals=Mahashivratri, Sawan Sombari, Basant Panchami, and Durga Puja, etc|location=Amana village, Mithila region|district=Sitamarhi district|state=Bihar|country=India|established=[[Treta Yuga]]|site_area=Rural|footnotes=Shiva temple associated with Ramayana|groundbreaking=12th century CE|year_completed=2010|date_demolished=Between 15th century to 19th century CE|added=|founded_by=Maharaj Bahadur Singh (1339), Vijay Shahi (2009)|creator=Unknown (During Ramayana)}}
'''Amneswarnath Mahadev Mandir''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: अमनेश्वरनाथ महादेव मंदिर) is an ancient temple dedicated to [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is located at Amana village of the [[Sursand]] block in the [[Sitamarhi district]] of [[Bihar]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=बाबा के द्वार में जन सहयोग से जल रहा अखंड ज्योति - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/sitamarhi-10613292.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is situated on the bank of Sanghi river flowing through the village. The Hindu adherents believe that it is existing since [[Treta Yuga]] of [[Ramayana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=अद्भुत शक्ति के स्वामी है अमाना के महादेव - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/sitamarhi-10593410.html |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-09 |title=sitamarhi : 12 अप्रैल को अमाना में हनुमान जी की प्रतिमा का होगा प्राण-प्रतिष्ठा |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/sitamarhi/hanuman-jis-statue-will-be-consecrated |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=सावन:अमनेश्वर नाथ मंदिर लोगों की आस्था का है केंद्र, सावन में उमड़ती है भीड़ |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/surasand/news/amneshwar-nath-temple-is-the-center-of-peoples-faith-crowd-gathers-in-sawan-128793547.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> It is also called as Baba Amneshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir.

== Description ==
According to the local legend, it is believed that the princes [[Rama]], [[Lakshmana]] of [[Ayodhya]] and [[Vishvamitra|Guru Vishwamitra]] rested at this place for a night while on their way to participate in the Dhanush Yajna organised at the court of [[Janaka|King Janaka]] for [[Sita Swayamvara]] in [[Janakpur]]. There are two ponds Itharba Pokhair and Gorhi Pokhair near the temple. On the bank of the Gorhi Pokhair there was an arrangement for keeping horses and elephants.<ref name=":2" /> The campus of the temple is spread over 3 acres area of land.

The Shivalinga of the temple is worshiped with [[Cascabela thevetia|Kanail]] flowers and [[Datura metel|Dhatura]]. In the campus of the Amaneswarnath Mahadev Mandir, there is an other temple dedicated to the joint form Gaurishankar of [[Parvati|Goddess Parvati]] and [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]. The temple is known as Gaurishankar Mandir. Similarly a very tall statue of [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman]] has been installed in the campus. It will be inaugurated and a grand ceremony of the Hindu ritual [[Prana pratishtha|Pran Pratishtha]] will be held on the occasion of the upcoming [[Hanuman Jayanti]] on 12 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-09 |title=sitamarhi : 12 अप्रैल को अमाना में हनुमान जी की प्रतिमा का होगा प्राण-प्रतिष्ठा |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/sitamarhi/hanuman-jis-statue-will-be-consecrated |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== History ==
Amneswarnath Mahadev Mandir is mentioned in the text ''Pushpa Lata'' composed by [[Maithili language|Maithili]] poet [[Vidyapati]]. Similarly it is also mentioned in the text [[Ramcharitmanas|Ramacharitmanas]] of the [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] poet [[Tulsidas|Goswami Tulsi Das]].

In the early times, the area around it was full of thick and rugged jungle. The shivling of Amneswarnath Mahadev was first noticed during the period of the 12th century CE.<ref name=":0" /> It is said that during period of the 13th century, Maharaj Bahadur Singh of Mithila was enthralled by the Shivalinga of Amanaswarnath Mahadev there. He tried to take away the Shivalinga from the Amana village to his capital [[Darbhanga]] but failed in all his efforts. Finally in the year 1339, he built a grand temple in the village. The temple is known as Baba Amaneshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir.<ref name=":1" />

It is said that later due to floods and earthquakes in the area, the temple was destroyed and gradually it was covered with dense forests. Later the temple was forgotten. In the year 1955–56, the temple was rediscovered. The news of this temple again spread among the people, but very few people came to it.<ref name=":1" />

=== Restoration of temple ===
The temple of Amaneshwar Nath Mahadev was restored by a then social worker, Vijay Shahi. He was a resident of Shahi Meenapur in the [[Muzaffarpur district]] of the Mithila region in Bihar. It is said that Vijay Shahi came to know the story of the glory of Amaneshwar Mahadev of Amana, while he was at his father-in-law's house in [[Bajpatti Assembly constituency|Bajpatti]].<ref name=":1" />

After listening the glory of the temple, he visited and took blessings. From the inspiration of [[Shiva|Lord Mahadev]], he pledged to restore this temple immediately. In 2009, he started the construction of the new grand temple. The construction of the new temple was completed within a year. After the establishment of the new grand temple in 2010, the Amanaswarnath Mahadev Mandir again becomes famous in the region.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|26.5844|85.6767|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]

Mulund Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:48:54Z

Nonebotnone50: stub

{{short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mulund
| constituency_no = 155
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 155-Mulund.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Mumbai North East Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North East]]
| district = [[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Mihir Kotecha]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| incumbent_image =
| alliance =
| electors = 296,732
}}
'''Mulund Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].

==Overview==
Mulund constituency is one of the 26 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the [[Mumbai Suburban district]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=5 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archivedate=18 March 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Mulund is part of the [[Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North East Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Vikhroli Assembly constituency|Vikhroli]], [[Ghatkopar West Assembly constituency|Ghatkopar West]], [[Ghatkopar East Assembly constituency|Ghatkopar East]], [[Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar Assembly constituency|Mankhurd Shivaji Nagar]] and [[Bhandup West Assembly constituency|Bhandup West]] in the [[Mumbai Suburban district]].<ref name=ceo/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| P. V. Upadhyay
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Dutta Samant]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Prabhakar Patwardhan
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| G. S. Trivedi
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Dinanath Bama Patil
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Vamanrao Parab
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| [[Kirit Somaiya]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Tara Singh (Mumbai politician)|Sardar Tara Singh]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|Rowspan=2|[[Mihir Kotecha]]
|-
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Mulund">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Mulund |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13155.htm |accessdate=26 December 2024 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226080524/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13155.htm |archivedate=26 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Mihir Kotecha|Mihir Chandrakant Kotecha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 131,549 |percentage = 73.31% |change={{increase}}14.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rakesh Shankar Shetty |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 41,517 |percentage = 23.14% |change={{increase}}7.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 3,834 |percentage = 2.14% |change={{decrease}}1.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pradeep Mahadev Shirsat |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,216 |percentage = 1.79% |change={{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Siddhesh Nanda K. Avhad |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,196 |percentage = 0.67% |change={{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 90,032 |percentage = 50.17% |change= {{increase}}11.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 183,272 |percentage = 61.76% |change= {{increase}}8.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 179,438}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 296,732|ref = |change= {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}14.88 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Mihir Kotecha|Mihir Chandrakant Kotecha]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 87,253 |percentage = 58.43% |change={{increase}}3.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Harshala Rajesh Chavan |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 29,905 |percentage = 20.03% |change={{increase}}12.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Govind Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,854 |percentage = 15.97% |change={{decrease}}0.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 5,200 |percentage = 3.48% |change={{increase}}2.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shashikant Rohidas Mokal |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 4,756 |percentage = 3.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shreerang Anna Kamble |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 951 |percentage = 0.64% |change={{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 57,348 |percentage = 38.40% |change= {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 154,615 |percentage = 53.84% |change= {{decrease}}4.85 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 149,337}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 287,173|ref = |change= {{decrease}}3.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Tara Singh (Mumbai politician)|Sardar Tara Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 93,850 |percentage = 55.35% |change={{increase}}11.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Charan Singh Sapra |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,543 |percentage = 16.84% |change={{decrease}}6.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prabhakar Shinde |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 26,259 |percentage = 15.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Satyawan Dalvi |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 13,432 |percentage = 7.92% |change={{decrease}}17.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nandkumar Atmaram Vaity |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 4,880 |percentage = 2.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,748 |percentage = 1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Nilesh Vasantrao |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,742 |percentage = 1.03% |change={{increase}}0.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 65,307 |percentage = 38.52% |change= {{increase}}19.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 171,355 |percentage = 57.46% |change= {{increase}}7.29 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 169,544}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 298,242|ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.09 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}11.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Tara Singh (Mumbai politician)|Sardar Tara Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 65,748 |percentage = 44.00% |change={{decrease}}9.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dalvi Satyawan Ganpat |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 37,772 |percentage = 25.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Mahadeo Shelar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 34,630 |percentage = 23.18% |change={{decrease}}17.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yogesh (Alias) Siddharth Sahebrao Shilwant |party=Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 3,706 |percentage = 2.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pankajbhai Somchand Shah |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,767 |percentage = 1.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhavesh Bhinde |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,441 |percentage = 0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,976 |percentage = 18.72% |change= {{increase}}6.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 149,429 |percentage = 49.56% |change= {{increase}}1.38 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 149,426}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 301,518|ref = |change= {{decrease}}14.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.33 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Tara Singh (Mumbai politician)|Sardar Tara Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 90,882 |percentage = 53.33% |change={{increase}}1.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Alka Anant Desai |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 70,124 |percentage = 41.15% |change={{increase}}9.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chetan Bhagwanbhai Kothari |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 2,778 |percentage = 1.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Subhash Jaiswar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,342 |percentage = 1.37% |change={{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryakant Visharam Palav |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 0.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,758 |percentage = 12.18% |change= {{decrease}}8.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 170,425 |percentage = 48.18% |change= {{increase}}0.25 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 170,423}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 353,744|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.34 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Tara Singh (Mumbai politician)|Sardar Tara Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 80,972 |percentage = 51.99% |change={{decrease}}4.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Charan Singh Sapra |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 48,577 |percentage = 31.19% |change={{decrease}}2.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mirekar Parshuram Gangaram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 19,860 |percentage = 12.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anil Vasant Gangurde |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes = 2,509 |percentage = 1.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khaie Arun Pandharinath |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,160 |percentage = 0.74% |change={{decrease}}1.90 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,395 |percentage = 20.80% |change= {{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 155,785 |percentage = 47.94% |change= {{decrease}}13.44 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 155,739}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 324,925|ref = |change= {{increase}}3.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.82 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kirit Somaiya]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 109,143 |percentage = 56.81% |change={{increase}}5.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. R. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 65,616 |percentage = 34.16% |change={{decrease}}4.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bubas Shiv Jaiswar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,083 |percentage = 2.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Babulal Ramkripal Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes = 3,546 |percentage = 1.85% |change={{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kaveeraj Nana Sabale |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,361 |percentage = 1.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 43,527 |percentage = 22.66% |change= {{increase}}10.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 195,099 |percentage = 62.33% |change= {{increase}}4.92 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 192,107}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 313,022|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}5.91 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vamanrao Ganpatrao Parab |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 73,438 |percentage = 50.90% |change={{increase}}14.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. R. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 55,566 |percentage = 38.51% |change={{decrease}}14.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Govind Kashninath Mhatre |party=Janata Dal |votes = 10,162 |percentage = 7.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagjivan Mulji Tanna |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,599 |percentage = 1.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Narbheram Joshi |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 1,366 |percentage = 0.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,872 |percentage = 12.39% |change= {{decrease}}5.12 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 145,588 |percentage = 56.96% |change= {{increase}}6.67 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 144,276}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 255,576|ref = |change= {{increase}}28.36 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Dinanath Bama |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 53,031 |percentage = 53.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vamanrao Ganpatrao Parab |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,676 |percentage = 35.99% |change={{decrease}}5.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagannath Sadashiv Mali |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,371 |percentage = 6.43% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Abraham V. M. |party=Lokdal |votes = 2,175 |percentage = 2.19% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Laxman Ranu Sawant |party=Independent politician |votes = 870 |percentage = 0.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,355 |percentage = 17.51% |change= {{increase}}15.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 100,284 |percentage = 50.37% |change= {{increase}}10.86 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,131}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 199,113|ref = |change= {{increase}}21.96 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}10.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=G. S. Trivedi |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 27,515 |percentage = 43.30% |change={{increase}}25.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vamanrao Ganpatrao Parab |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 26,110 |percentage = 41.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. P. Shah |party=Janata Party |votes = 4,466 |percentage = 7.03% |change={{decrease}}51.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. K. Dube |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 3,090 |percentage = 4.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sharam Chittaranjan |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes = 1,747 |percentage = 2.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,405 |percentage = 2.21% |change= {{decrease}}38.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,195 |percentage = 39.32% |change= {{decrease}}25.40 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,547}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,259|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}15.64 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patwardhan Prabhakar Ramchandar |party=Janata Party |votes = 56,061 |percentage = 58.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Trivedi Gaurishankar Satyanarayan |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 17,265 |percentage = 18.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sinh Ramcharitra Rambhajan |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 11,669 |percentage = 12.27% |change={{decrease}}45.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Baburao Harishchandra |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 9,941 |percentage = 10.45% |change={{decrease}}4.06 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 38,796 |percentage = 40.79% |change= {{decrease}}1.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 96,727 |percentage = 65.42% |change= {{increase}}2.64 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 95,118}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,865|ref = |change= {{decrease}}28.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.66 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Dutta Samant|Dattatray Narayan Samant]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 73,206 |percentage = 57.28% |change={{increase}}17.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandra Vishnu Padwal |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 18,542 |percentage = 14.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dharkar Vinayak Ganesh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 17,634 |percentage = 13.80% |change={{decrease}}6.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vadilal Chatarbhuj Gandhi |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,840 |percentage = 4.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. Balakrishnan |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 4,981 |percentage = 3.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanzgiri P. Pandurang |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 4,888 |percentage = 3.82% |change={{decrease}}21.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bande Laxman Dagdu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,656 |percentage = 1.30% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 54,664 |percentage = 42.77% |change= {{increase}}28.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 130,832 |percentage = 63.15% |change= {{decrease}}2.74 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 127,801}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 207,179|ref = |change= {{increase}}61.87 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}17.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mulund<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=P. V. Upadhyay |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 32,427 |percentage = 39.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=P. P. Sanzgiri |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 20,816 |percentage = 25.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=W. G. Parab |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 17,085 |percentage = 20.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. S. Bavasakar |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,183 |percentage = 6.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. M. Astik |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 4,469 |percentage = 5.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. J. Vavle |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,825 |percentage = 2.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,611 |percentage = 14.08% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,382 |percentage = 68.27% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 82,459}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 127,989|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Mulund]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mumbai Suburban district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.176|72.949|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai Suburban district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Mulund]]

Ranbir Bhullar

2026-04-11T21:01:26Z

Nonebotnone50: Made A Entry

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Firozpur City Assembly constituency|Firozpur City]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| predecessor = [[Parminder Singh Pinki]]
| term_end = 
| successor =
| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
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| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
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| awards = 
| blank1 =
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}}
'''Ranbir Singh Bhullar''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Firozpur City Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022 Winner list">{{cite news |title=All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 {{!}} Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/all-winners/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He was elected as the MLA in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==MLA==
The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Subordinate Legislation|Committee on Subordinate Legislation]]<ref name="Committee on Subordinate Legislation">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=46&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Papers laid/to be laid on the table and Library|Committee on Papers laid/to be laid on the table and Library]]<ref name="Committee on Papers">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.gov.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=32&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Firozpur City Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Firozpur City Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6IkN0aEtoc3Fwa2dJS3VYM3hsUWR0bXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTGV2QXBKNnU3UjVkdU1qR1N3V05tQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZjU1MjlmZmE3NDFmOWVmNDhmZjg2N2Q1NWVhZWU0NWNjMGEyODU3OGRiMDk4ZTkwMjgxZGY5MjMwN2MzODQ3MiJ9/MjM=/MTM=/Mw==/QUM= |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in |access-date=12 March 2022}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Firozpur City
| before= -
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhullar, Ranbir}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Cheruman

2026-04-09T17:28:05Z

Nonebotnone50: adding a entry

{{Short description|Dalit community of Kerala}}

'''Cheruman''' are a [[Dalit|Dalit community]] in Indian state of [[Kerala]], primarily concentrated in Central and Northern region of the state. They have been defined as [[Serfdom|agricultural serfs]] and were considered as untouchable caste. They are related to the [[Pulaya|Pulaya caste]] of Kerala and are recognized as separate community by Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=Dalits to Nadars, the five caste groups driving Tamil Nadu polls |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/obcs-dalits-dominate-tamil-nadu-nadars-thevars-gounders-9273837/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2026}}

== Demographics ==
The community is present in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, particularly in the districts of [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]], [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] and [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]. They are [[List of Scheduled Castes in Kerala|second largest Scheduled Caste community in Kerala]], after [[Pulaya]] making up around 10.4% of total state's scheduled castes population and have small population in Tamil Nadu in [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]] and [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]].
{| class="wikitable"
!SC Code
!State
!Population
!Source
|-
|014
|Kerala
|3,17,218
|
|-
|016
|Tamil Nadu
|1,449
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Tamil Nadu - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42911 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251208235920/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42911 |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>
|}

== Reservation ==
The [[Government of India]] recognized Cheruman as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] as per part of affirmative action policy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Scheduled Castes |url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/common/76750 |website=socialjustice.gov |publisher=[[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Kerala]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]

{{Kerala-stub}}

Pavithra (film)

2026-04-06T13:57:31Z

Nonebotnone50: Made Post

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pavithra film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Subash]]
| writer = K. Subash
| producer = K. Subash
| starring = [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] [[Ajith Kumar]] [[Keerthana (actress)|Keerthana]]
| cinematography = Bernat S. David
| editing = P. Madhan Mohan
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| studio = Thanuja Films
| released = {{Film date|1994|11|02|df=y}}
| runtime = 138 minutes<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=523 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pavithra''''' is a 1994 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written, produced and directed by [[K. Subash]] under his home banner, Dhanooja Films. The film stars [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Ajith Kumar]] and [[Keerthana (actress)|Keerthana]]. It was released on 2 November 1994, [[Diwali]] day, and won two [[National Film Awards]]: [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] ([[P. Unnikrishnan]]) and [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]] ([[Vairamuthu]]).

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=August 2022}}

Ashok R. is an 18 year-old cancer patient, and Pavithra is a nurse in the hospital where he is being treated. Ashok and 18 year-old Chitra have been in love, which started a few months before his diagnosis. Ashok believes himself to be an orphan. On reading Ashok's medical records Pavithra sees that Ashok's initial is R, which means (in Tamil Nadu) that his father's name starts with the same letter. Raghunathan "Raghu" is Pavithra's husband. Since Ashok's age and date of birth are the same as her child (which was seemingly [[Stillbirth|stillborn]], and she is childless), Pavithra showers maternal affection on him. Raghu mistakes this maternal affection as something else because of a rogue doctor. This doctor unsuccessfully lusts for Pavithra and is hated by her. Confusion ensues, and Pavithra misunderstands Ashok. In the end, Ashok dies without the film revealing whether he was actually Pavithra and Raghu's biological son (initially thought to be stillborn) or not. Pavithra adopts a baby boy as her own child.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Pavithra
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Raghunathan "Raghu"
*[[Ajith Kumar]] as Ashok R
*[[Keerthana (actress)|Keerthana]] as Chitra
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Raghu's neighbour
*[[Vadivelu]] as Thenmozhi's husband
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Thenmozhi
*[[Disco Shanti]] as Shiba
*[[Junior Balaiah]]
*[[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as doctor
*[[Vichu Vishwanath]] as the rogue doctor
*[[Kaka Radhakrishnan]] as Subbu's grandfather
*[[R. S. Shivaji]] as Subbu
*[[Loose Mohan]] as Rickshaw driver
*Amirthalingam as the postman
}}

== Production ==
Ajith's voice was dubbed by [[Sekar P. R.|Sekar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=25 January 2007 |title=Meet Shah Rukh's Tamil voice |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jan/25shekar.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190146/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007//jan/25shekar.htm |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Comedy actor Amirthalingam made his debut through this film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2022 |title="அந்த ஒரு சீன்ல நான் வர்றதுக்காக வடிவேலுண்ணே அவ்வளவு போராடினார்!"- நெகிழும் அமிர்தலிங்கம் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/comedy-actor-amirthalingam-interview-about-his-career |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430042337/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/comedy-actor-amirthalingam-interview-about-his-career |archive-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=Ta |access-date=30 April 2025 }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pavitra – Thodarum – uyiroddu Uyir Tamil Audio CD |url=https://mossymart.com/product/pavitra-thodarum-uyiroddu-uyir-tamil-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803123252/https://mossymart.com/product/pavitra-thodarum-uyiroddu-uyir-tamil-audio-cd/ |archive-date=3 August 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2017 |title=Pavithra |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pavithra/MBlKWuF57ls_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803122754/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pavithra/MBlKWuF57ls_ |archive-date=3 August 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The song "Sevvaanam" is based on "Mamboove", composed by Rahman for the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Yoddha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathai |first=Kamini |title=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |title-link=A. R. Rahman: The Musical Storm |publisher=[[Viking Press|Viking]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-670-08371-8 |pages=112–113}}</ref> The song "Uyirum Neeyae" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] [[Khamas (raga)|Khamas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=24 May 2013 |title=Endearing Khamas |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/endearing-khamas/article4746020.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005113112/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/endearing-khamas/article4746020.ece |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |pages=164 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 24:09
| title1 = Sevvaanam Chinna Pen
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Pallavi
| length1 = 3:47
| title2 = Eechambazham
| lyrics2 = [[Palani Bharathi]]
| extra2 = [[Shahul Hameed]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 4:59
| title3 = Uyirum Neeyae
| lyrics3 = Vairamuthu
| extra3 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]]
| length3 = 5:25
| title5 = Mottu Vitadha
| lyrics5 = Vairamuthu
| extra5 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| length5 = 4:36
| title4 = Azhagu Nilave
| lyrics4 = Vairamuthu
| extra4 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length4 = 5:23
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Pavithra'' was released on 2 November 1994, [[Diwali]] day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2019 |title=Ajith Vs Rajini for Pongal 2019: 10 big box office clashes since 2000 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ajith-vs-rajini-pongal-2019-10-big-box-office-clashes-2000-94716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415043421/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ajith-vs-rajini-pongal-2019-10-big-box-office-clashes-2000-94716 |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pavithra / பவித்ரா (1994) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/pavithra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250620072717/https://screen4screen.com/movies/pavithra |archive-date=20 June 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=Screen4Screen}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' said, "The writer-director should be commended for giving importance to the story line and the scenes in some places are really touching. But certain crucial episodes have been shoddily treated".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=4 November 1994 |title=Pavitra |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19941104&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> K. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' said the story, though unusual to Tamil cinema, was not well developed or brought across effectively, and "The director's inexperience in tackling sentimental subjects shows. Radhika may be a good actress but she needs a good director".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. |date=19 December 1994 |title=Many flaws in this sentimental attempt |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zPlNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3195%2C3956746 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306041252/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zPlNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jRMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3195,3956746 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=28 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> Thulasi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' applauded the performances of Radhika and Nassar, the music by Rahman and the cinematography, but criticised the inclusion of a dance sequence.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=துளசி |date=13 November 1994 |title=பவித்ரா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1994-11-13/page/n15/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240318134206/https://archive.org/details/kalki1994-11-13/page/n15/mode/2up? |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=14–15 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film went on to win two [[National Film Awards]]: [[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] (Unnikrishnan) and [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]] (Vairamuthu).<ref>{{Cite web |title=42nd National Film Festival |url=https://dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615095702/http://dff.gov.in/images/Documents/75_42ndNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref> Furthermore, the film won third prize in the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film]] winners list.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} According to Ajith, the film changed the course of his life "to a certain extent".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=6 July 1999 |title=Bad back, great future |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/06aji.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423034838/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/06aji.htm |archive-date=23 April 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{K. Subash}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Improve categories|date=March 2024}}

[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:1994 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1994 drama films]]
[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Subash]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in hospitals]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films about cancer]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Loyola High School (Goa)

2026-03-29T17:11:46Z

Nonebotnone50: quick update

{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Loyola High School
| logo = Loyola Emblem.jpg
| image =
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| city = Municipal Garden, [[Margao]], Comba
| state = [[Goa]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|16|26|N|73|57|21|E|type:edu_region:IN-GA|display=title,inline}}
| former_names = {{ubl|Union High School (1899–1932)|St Theotonius Union High School (1932–1944)}}
| type = {{ubl|[[Private school|Private]] primary and secondary school|[[Christianity|Christian]] minority school}}
| motto = {{langx|la|Corde Magno et Animo Volenti}}
| motto_translation = With a large heart & willing spirit
| religious_affiliation = [[Catholic church|Catholicism]]
| denomination = [[Jesuit]]s
| patron = [[Ignatius of Loyola]]
| established = {{Start date and age|1899|07|13|df=y}}
| founder = Roque Santana Gracias
| affiliation = [[Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]]
| principal = Fr. Simon Levelyn De Melo S.J
| faculty = 63
| enrollment = 1500
| gender = [[Single-sex education|Boys]]
| sports = {{ubl|[[Association football|Football]]|[[Basketball]]|[[Volleyball]]|[[team handball|Handball]]|[[Table Tennis]]|[[Cricket]]}}
| nickname = Loyolites
| website = {{URL|https://www.loyolahssgoa.com/}}
}}

'''Loyola High School''' is a [[Private school|private]] [[Catholic school|Catholic]] primary and secondary school for boys, located in the heart of [[Margao]] in the [[South Goa]] district of [[Goa]], [[India]]. Founded in 1899 as the Union High School, the [[Christianity|Christian]] minority school is managed by the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]]s. Affiliated with the [[Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]], the school's students take the [[Secondary School Certificate]] examinations.<ref name=":0" />

==Staff and enrolment==
Loyola High School has approximately 1500 students, 75 teachers, and 20 support staff. Classes run from 1st to 4th standards (primary), 5th to 10th standards (secondary) and 11th to 12th standard (higher secondary).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icbse.com/schools/loyola-high-school/30020103310|title=Loyola High School, Margao, South Goa - Goa|website=iCBSE|language=en|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> All classes have four sections (A, B, C, D), not based on performance.

Admission to the school is competitive. The Loyolite uniform is a sky blue shirt and navy blue pants, with an "L" on the left shirt pocket.

==Culture==
Three times a week an assembly is held in the open quadrangle, organized by students of each class. The student-chosen topics for these assemblies range from the importance of moral values, to current affairs, to scientific discoveries. On the first Friday of each month there is a Eucharistic liturgy ([[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]]) held in the school hall for the entire school community.

==Organizational structure==
The school administration consists of a principal and vice-principal, assisted occasionally by other Fathers and Brothers. Class teachers handle attendance and other administrative tasks.

There are 4 student houses, Red, Blue, Green, and Yellow. Students are randomly allotted a house on their first day of attendance. The calligraphic "L" on the shirt is in the colour of the student's house.

Elections are held to select the Student Council. The council is headed by the Head Boy, with the other members being the Deputy-Head Boy and Captains and Vice-Captains of each house. The primary section has its own house captains and vice-captains, although the Head-Boy and Deputy-Head Boy are common to both sections.

==Building architecture and facilities==
The building has three floors above the quadrangle, with the section below devoted to the primary section. Each standard has four divisions, located adjacent to each other. There is a large hall, a staff room, a gymnasium, three laboratories, and the largest school library in Goa – all surrounding the quadrangle, overlooked by the statue of St. [[Ignatius of Loyola]], the school's patron saint.

The basketball court hosts inter-school, taluka-level, zonal level, and statewide games. The soccer field is situated outside the main campus, and is known as the Loyola Grounds. The old Loyola Ground is being renovated and a football (soccer) stadium built.

The main school building was formerly L-shaped, with the longer arm containing the main school and the shorter arm containing the boarding and resident priests' quarters on the upper floors, the Chapel of St. Ignatius and the administrative offices on the upper ground floor with a bridge leading to the quadrangle, and the primary section on the lower ground floor.

The new school building is G-shaped, with the new sections housing a hall, library, staff room, gymnasium, laboratories, toilet complex, computer room, and classrooms. In 1993, Loyola High School became the first public school in southwest India to replace black boards with green-boards.

The quadrangle, which is used for morning student and staff assemblies, flag hoisting, student concerts, and school fetes, is surrounded by colourful flowering creepers growing on the walls of the school building. The quadrangle is home for South Goa's best-attended English services for Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Easter, Christmas, and New Years, when scores of people participate accompanied by school choirs.

In 2016 the school "won a national-level ‘White Swan Award’ hosted by ''AsiaOne Magazine'' as being the ‘Most Influential Brand’ in the education category in India."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/loyola-high-school-carving-out-leaders/|title=Loyola High School: Carving out leaders|website=www.navhindtimes.in|language=en-US|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref>

==History==
Loyola was founded as '''Union High School''' in [[Salcette]], Goa, on 13 July 1899, by the late Roque Santana Gracias. The Archdiocese of Goa took it over in 1932 and renamed it '''St Theotonius Union High School'''. In 1944 Goa Jesuits took charge and renamed it Loyola High School after their founder, St. Ignatius of Loyola.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.loyolamargao.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=3|title=History|last=Administrator|website=www.loyolamargao.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref>

LESA (Loyola Ex-Students' Association) is the alumni association of the school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaaindia.com/province/goa|title=Goa {{!}} JAAI India {{!}} Jesuit Alumni Associations of India|website=www.jaaindia.com|language=en|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> There is also a forum for parents to voice their opinions on the running of the school, called the PTA (Parent Teacher Association). The forerunner to LESA was LOBA (Loyola Old Boys Association). Loyola being an all-boy school, traditionally Loyola teachers refer to students as "boys" and ex-students as "old boys".

The school has experienced success on the football field on a regular basis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.loyolamargao.org/index.php?searchword=football&ordering=&searchphrase=all&Itemid=18&option=com_search|title=Search|website=www.loyolamargao.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://englishnews.thegoan.net/story.php?id=9496|title=Loyola U-15 set to play all India finals in Kolkata|work=The Goan|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://lockerdome.com/6250123281827393/8110243586650132|title=Loyola High School crowned winners in Star Sports Young Heroes Goa final|work=LockerDome|access-date=2017-09-08|language=en-US}}</ref> It has also represented Goa at the Bournvita quiz contest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.loyolamargao.org/index.php?searchword=Bournvita&ordering=&searchphrase=all&Itemid=18&option=com_search|title=Search|website=www.loyolamargao.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> The singing group has also placed well in competition.<ref>{{Citation|last=bmtelevisiongoa|title=VEM CANTAR Portuguese Singing Contest 2008 - Loyola High School, Margao|date=2008-09-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpAYf4lRjiY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211218/UpAYf4lRjiY |archive-date=2021-12-18 |url-status=live|accessdate=2017-09-08}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Notable alumni ==

* [[Manohar Parrikar]]

==See also==
{{stack|{{portal|Schools|Catholicism|India}}}}
* [[List of Jesuit educational institutions#Schools|List of Jesuit schools]]
* [[List of schools in Goa]]
* [[Violence against Christians in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://loyolamargao.org/ Loyola High School, Goa] School website
* [http://www.lesagoa.org/ LESA] Loyola Ex-Students Association
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181004050629/http://www.goajesuits.in/ Goa Jesuits] Goa Jesuit Province of the Society of Jesus

{{Jesuit Schools of India|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:Jesuit primary schools in India]]
[[Category:Jesuit secondary schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Goa]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Margao]]
[[Category:Education in South Goa district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1899]]
[[Category:1890s establishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:1899 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1899 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Private schools in Goa]]

The Cartoon Network, Inc.

2026-03-28T04:46:32Z

Nonebotnone50: brief refine section and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|American multinational entertainment company}}{{About|an entertainment company|its namesake pay television channel|Cartoon Network}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}

{{Infobox company
| name = The Cartoon Network, Inc.
| trade_name =
| logo = [[File:Cartoon Network extended logo 2010.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2010
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1992|3|12}}<ref name="TheCNInc">{{cite web |title=The Cartoon Network, Inc. :: Georgia (US) :: OpenCorporates |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_ga/K203884 |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=[[OpenCorporates]] |language=en}}</ref>
| founder = [[Ted Turner]]
| hq_location_city = [[Atlanta]], Georgia, U.S. [[New York City]], U.S. [[Burbank, California]], U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Entertainment]]
| products = {{ubl|[[Pay television]]|[[Film]]|[[Television show|Television programs]]|[[Video games]]|[[Web portal]]}}
| services = {{ubl|[[Film|Motion pictures]]|[[Television studio|TV production]]|[[Cable television]]|[[Internet]]|[[Streaming service]]|[[Satellite television]]|[[Film distribution]]}}
| key_people = {{Unbulletedlist|[[Michael Ouweleen]] ([[President (corporate title)|president]])
}}
| brands = {{flatlist|
* [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]]
* [[Cartoon Network]]
* [[Cartoonito]]
* [[Adult Swim]]
* [[Toonami]]
}}
| parent = {{plainlist|
* [[Turner Broadcasting System]] (1992–2019)
* [[Warner Bros. Global Kids, Young Adults and Classics]] (2019–2022)
* [[Warner Bros. Television Group]] (2022–present)
}}
| subsid = [[Williams Street]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.hbomax.com/channel/cartoon-network}}
}}

'''The Cartoon Network, Inc.''' ('''TCN''') is an American multinational entertainment company operating as a unit of [[Warner Bros. Discovery]] through its [[Warner Bros. Television Group]] division. Founded by [[Ted Turner]] and based out of [[Atlanta]], Georgia, it operates [[Cartoon Network]], its programming blocks [[Adult Swim]] and [[Toonami]] in addition to [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]].

== History ==
{{Main|History of Cartoon Network}}

[[File:Cartoon Network logo (1992-2004).svg|thumb|Logo used from 1992 to 2010]]
On March 25, 1986, [[Turner Broadcasting System]] acquired [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]/[[United Artists]]. On October 18, Turner forcibly sold back MGM. However, Turner kept much of the film and television library made before May 1986 (including some of the UA library) and formed [[Turner Entertainment Co.]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Delugach |first=Al |date=March 4, 1986 |title=Way Cleared for Turner's MGM Deal |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-04-fi-15193-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511201300/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-03-04/business/fi-15193_1_ted-turner |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |access-date=August 30, 2010 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> On October 8, 1988, its cable channel [[TNT (American TV network)|Turner Network Television]] was launched and gained an audience with its extensive film library.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hall |first=Jane |date=January 23, 1990 |title=Ted Turner's TNT Exploding Onto the Cable Scene |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-23-ca-744-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925064842/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-01-23/entertainment/ca-744_1_ted-turner-s-cable |archive-date=September 25, 2010 |access-date=August 30, 2010 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In 1991, Turner also purchased the library of animation studio [[Hanna-Barbera]].<ref>{{cite news |date=October 29, 1991 |title=TBS Buys Animator Hanna-Barbera Library for $320 Million |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-10-30-fi-565-story.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214182507/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-10-30-fi-565-story.html |archive-date=December 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 30, 1991 |title=Turner Buying Hanna-Barbera |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/30/business/company-news-turner-buying-hanna-barbera.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510125414/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/30/business/company-news-turner-buying-hanna-barbera.html |archive-date=May 10, 2013}}</ref> [[Ted Turner]] selected [[Betty Cohen]] (then-Senior Vice President of [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]]) to devise a network to house these programs.<ref name="paley">{{cite web |title=Betty Cohen |url=http://www.shemadeit.org/meet/biography.aspx?m=133 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101212/http://www.shemadeit.org/meet/biography.aspx?m=133 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=October 17, 2015 |website=SheMadeIt.com |publisher=The Paley Center for Media}}</ref> On February 18, 1992, Turner Broadcasting announced its plans to launch Cartoon Network as an outlet for an animation library.<ref name="launch">{{cite news |last=Carter |first=Bill |date=February 19, 1992 |title=The Media Business; Turner Broadcasting Plans to Start a Cartoon Channel |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/19/business/the-media-business-turner-broadcasting-plans-to-start-a-cartoon-channel.html |url-status=live |access-date=April 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001120031/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/19/business/the-media-business-turner-broadcasting-plans-to-start-a-cartoon-channel.html |archive-date=October 1, 2013}}</ref> On March 12, 1992, The Cartoon Network, Inc. was founded one month after Turner's plan was announced.<ref name= "TheCNInc" /> On October 1, 1992, its [[Cartoon Network|namesake TV channel]] officially launched as the first 24-hour single-genre [[Cable television|cable channel]] with animation as its main theme.

In 1994, Hanna-Barbera's new division [[Cartoon Network Studios]] was founded and started production on ''[[What a Cartoon!]]''. This show debuted in 1995, offering original animated shorts, most of which became their own programs and significantly influenced the tone of the channel. In 1996, Cartoon Network aired two preschool programs: ''[[Big Bag]]'', a live-action/puppet television program with animated short series produced by [[Sesame Workshop|Children's Television Workshop]], and ''[[List of programs broadcast by Cartoon Network#Former programming blocks|Small World]]'', which featured animated series aimed at preschoolers imported from foreign countries. Turner Broadcasting System merged with [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lander |first=Mark |date=September 23, 1995 |title=Turner to Merge into Time Warner, a $7.5 Billion Deal |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/23/us/turner-to-merge-into-time-warner-a-7.5-billion-deal.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513030130/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/23/us/turner-to-merge-into-time-warner-a-7.5-billion-deal.html |archive-date=May 13, 2011}}</ref> which led to Warner Bros. reacquiring the animated shorts they had sold to [[Associated Artists Productions]]. The network could then continue more original productions.

The company also owns the assets of [[Adult Swim]], a late-night programming block of Cartoon Network commonly considered to be a separate channel in itself. It launched on September 2, 2001 and remains a core property for the company.

=== Acquisition by AT&T ===
On October 22, 2016, [[AT&T]] and Time Warner disclosed an offer to merge for $108.7 billion, including assumed debt held by the latter company. The merger would bring Time Warner's various media properties, including The Cartoon Network, Inc., under the same corporate umbrella as AT&T's telecommunications holdings, including satellite provider [[DirecTV]] and [[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]]/broadband provider [[U-verse TV|AT&T U-verse]].<ref>{{cite news |title=AT&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $86 Billion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-t-reaches-deal-to-buy-time-warner-for-more-than-80-billion-1477157084 |author=Thomas Gryta |author2=Keach Hagey |author3=Dana Cimmiluca |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=October 22, 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/at-t-reaches-deal-to-buy-time-warner-for-more-than-80-billion-1477157084 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT&T Sets $85.4 Billion Time Warner Deal, CEOs Talks 'Unique' Potential of Combination |url=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/att-time-warner-deal-1201897938/ |author=Cynthia Littleton |periodical=Variety |date=October 22, 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023204133/http://variety.com/2016/biz/news/att-time-warner-deal-1201897938/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AT&T agrees to buy Time Warner for more than $80B |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/10/22/reports-t-agrees-buy-time-warner-more-than-80b/92589816/ |author=Roger Yu |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=October 22, 2016 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/10/22/reports-t-agrees-buy-time-warner-more-than-80b/92589816/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT&T Reaches Deal to Buy Time Warner for $86 Billion |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-t-reaches-deal-to-buy-time-warner-for-more-than-80-billion-1477157084 |author=Thomas Gryta |author2=Keach Hagey |author3=Dana Cimmiluca |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=October 22, 2016 |access-date=October 22, 2016 |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023013659/http://www.wsj.com/articles/at-t-reaches-deal-to-buy-time-warner-for-more-than-80-billion-1477157084 |url-status=live}}</ref> Time Warner shareholders approved the merger on February 15, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Time Warner shareholders vote to approve AT&T merger |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/15/media/time-warner-shareholders-att-merger/ |author=Tom Kludt|website=CNNMoney |date=February 15, 2017 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401233504/https://money.cnn.com/2017/02/15/media/time-warner-shareholders-att-merger/ |url-status=live}}</ref> On November 20, 2017, the [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] filed a lawsuit against AT&T and Time Warner in an attempt to block the merger, citing [[Competition law|antitrust]] concerns surrounding the transaction.<ref>{{cite news |title=AT&T Sued by U.S. Seeking to Block Merger With Time Warner |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-20/at-t-is-said-to-face-u-s-antitrust-lawsuit-over-time-warner |author=Sara Foden |author2=David McLaughlin |author3=Scott Moritz |website=Bloomberg News |date=November 20, 2017 |access-date=September 22, 2018 |archive-date=November 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120214748/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-20/at-t-is-said-to-face-u-s-antitrust-lawsuit-over-time-warner |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Judge approves $85 billion AT&T-Time Warner deal |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att-time-warner-ruling/index.html |author=Hadas Gold |author2=[[Brian Stelter]] |website=CNNMoney |date=June 12, 2018 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711204644/https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att-time-warner-ruling/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Justice Department Sues to Block AT&T-Time Warner Merger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att-time-warner-merger.html |author=Cecilia Kang|author2=Michael J. de la Merced |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=November 20, 2017 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=December 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211123601/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att-time-warner-merger.html |url-status=live}}</ref> U.S. clearance of the proposed merger—which had already received approval from [[European Commission|European]], [[Federal government of Mexico|Mexican]], [[Politics of Chile|Chilean]] and [[Federal government of Brazil|Brazilian]] regulatory authorities—was affirmed by court ruling on June 12, 2018, after [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia|District of Columbia U.S. District Court]] Judge [[Richard J. Leon]] ruled in favor of AT&T, and dismissed antitrust claims asserted in the DOJ's lawsuit. The merger closed two days later on June 14, 2018, with Time Warner becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T, which renamed the unit [[WarnerMedia]]. The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington unanimously upheld the lower court's ruling in favor of AT&T on February 26, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Judge approves $85 billion AT&T-Time Warner deal |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att-time-warner-ruling/index.html |author=Hadas Gold |website=CNNMoney |date=June 12, 2018 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711204644/https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/12/media/att-time-warner-ruling/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Justice Department Sues to Block AT&T-Time WarnerMerger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att-time-warner-merger.html |author=Cecilia Kang |author2=Michael J. de la Merced |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 20, 2017 |access-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-date=December 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211123601/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/business/dealbook/att-time-warner-merger.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=AT&T Completes Acquisition of Time Warner Inc. |url=http://about.att.com/story/att_completes_acquisition_of_time_warner_inc.html |website=AT&T |date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2018 |archive-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919095512/http://about.att.com/story/att_completes_acquisition_of_time_warner_inc.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=European Commission Approves AT&T Acquisition of Time Warner |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european-commission-approves-at-t-acquisition-time-warner-986380 |author=Georg Szalai |periodical=The Hollywood Reporter |date=March 15, 2017 |access-date=May 20, 2020 |archive-date=July 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731041841/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/european-commission-approves-at-t-acquisition-time-warner-986380 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT&T's $85B Time Warner deal gets Mexico's approval |url=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3291126-ts-85b-time-warner-deal-gets-mexicos-approval |author=Jason Aycock |website=[[Seeking Alpha]] |date=August 22, 2017 |access-date=May 20, 2020 |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617093602/https://seekingalpha.com/news/3291126-ts-85b-time-warner-deal-gets-mexicos-approval |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT&T-Time Warner merger approved with conditions by Chilean regulators |url=https://www.fiercevideo.com/broadcasting/at-t-time-warner-merger-approved-conditions-by-chilean-regulators |author=Ben Munson |website=FierceCable |publisher=Questex LLC |date=September 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=With consent from Brazil, AT&T has only one regulatory hurdle left before it can gobble Time Warner |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-att-time-warner-approval-20171018-story.html |author=Meg James |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=October 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. appeals court OKs $81 billion merger of AT&T and Time Warner |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/at-t-time-warner-merger-approved-by-u-s-appeals-court-81-billion-takeover-wont-harm-competition/ |website=[[CBS News]] |date=February 27, 2019 |access-date=May 20, 2020 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331013453/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/at-t-time-warner-merger-approved-by-u-s-appeals-court-81-billion-takeover-wont-harm-competition/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== WarnerMedia-Discovery merger ===
On May 17, 2021, AT&T and [[Discovery, Inc.]] reached a definitive [[Reverse Morris Trust]] agreement, in which AT&T would [[Corporate spin-off|spin out]] WarnerMedia into an independent company (unwinding the prior 2018 acquisition of the former Time Warner) that would concurrently acquire Discovery's assets, for $43 billion in cash, securities and stock plus WarnerMedia's retention of certain debt. Under the transaction, which was expected to be finalized by the second quarter of 2022, The Cartoon Network, Inc. and all other assets of WarnerMedia would be combined with the assets of Discovery, Inc. AT&T shareholders would own 71% of the company's stock and Discovery shareholders would own the remaining 29% share, with each shareholder group appointing representative [[board of directors|board members]]; [[David Zaslav]], President and CEO of Discovery, would head the new company, replacing WarnerMedia CEO Jason Kilar.<ref>{{cite news |title=AT&T in advanced talks to merge WarnerMedia with Discovery, deal expected as soon as tomorrow |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/16/att-in-advanced-talks-to-merge-warnermedia-with-discovery.html |author=Alex Sherman |website=CNBC |date=May 16, 2021 |access-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-date=May 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531031836/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/16/att-in-advanced-talks-to-merge-warnermedia-with-discovery.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT&T announces $43 billion deal to merge WarnerMedia with Discovery |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/17/att-to-combine-warnermedia-and-discovery-assets-to-create-a-new-standalone-company.html |author1=Steve Meredith |author2=Sam Kovach |website=CNBC |date=May 17, 2021 |access-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120133629/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/17/att-to-combine-warnermedia-and-discovery-assets-to-create-a-new-standalone-company.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT&T's WarnerMedia And Discovery To Merge, Create New Company Led By David Zaslav |url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/att-discovery-merge-entertainment-assets-create-new-company-1234758218/ |author=Jill Goldsmith |website=Deadline Hollywood |publisher=Penske Media Corporation |date=May 17, 2021 |access-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823144817/https://deadline.com/2021/05/att-discovery-merge-entertainment-assets-create-new-company-1234758218/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=AT&T Agrees to Merge Media Business With Discovery |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-t-to-combine-warnermedia-division-with-discovery-11621250928 |author=Drew FitzGerald |author2=Cara Lombardo |author3=Joe Flint |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=May 17, 2021 |access-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823144818/https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-t-to-combine-warnermedia-division-with-discovery-11621250928 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On June 1, 2021, it was announced that the merged company would be known as [[Warner Bros. Discovery]]; Zaslav explained that it would reflect "the combination of Warner Bros.' fabled hundred-year legacy of creative, authentic storytelling and taking bold risks to bring the most amazing stories to life, with Discovery’s global brand that has always stood brightly for integrity, innovation and inspiration."<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldsmith |first=Jill |date=2021-06-01 |title=Warner Bros. Discovery Set As Name Of Merged Company |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/discovery-merged-company-to-be-called-warner-bros-discovery-1234767195/ |url-status=live |access-date=2021-06-01 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601172411/https://deadline.com/2021/06/discovery-merged-company-to-be-called-warner-bros-discovery-1234767195/}}</ref> The merger was officially completed on April 8, 2022, with The Cartoon Network, Inc. placed under its Kids, Young Adults & Classics division. On October 11, 2022, Cartoon Network Studios was moved from Cartoon Network to sister studio [[Warner Bros. Animation]], consolidating into the latter as a division.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Michael |date=2022-10-12 |title=Warner Bros. TV Group Lays Off 82 Staffers, Consolidates Some Unscripted and Animation Departments in Belt-Tightening Restructure |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/warner-bros-tv-group-layoffs-82-staffers-channing-dungey-1235400286/ |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe]] was similarly separated from Cartoon Network due to their separate brand identities.

== Global expansion ==
Cartoon Network Europe, a pan-European English feed, was launched in 1993. Spanish, [[Swedish language|Swedish]], Danish, French, Italian, and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] audio tracks were added in 1994. The network's [[Cartoon Network (Western Europe)#Netherlands and Flanders|Dutch feed]] was launched in 1997. Another feed launched in 1998, which aired in France, Italy and Spain. The pan-European feed kept airing in the other parts of Europe. The network's [[Cartoon Network (Italy)|Italian feed]] became independent a few months later after the launch of the French channel,{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} while the [[Cartoon Network (Spain)|Spanish]] and [[Cartoon Network (French TV channel)|French]] feeds were split in 1999. A [[Cartoon Network (Polish TV channel)|Polish feed]] launched a year earlier, in 1998.

On September 17, 1993, some Russian cities began receiving Cartoon Network Europe through broadcasts from the Astra satellite.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 27, 1993 |title=Theatrum mundi |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/43240?query=cartoon%20network |publisher=kommersant.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=September 4, 2009 |title="Мы присутствуем на российском рынке с начала 90-х..." |url=https://tv-digest.ru/archive/id/29520/ |publisher=ТВ Дайджест}}</ref> The channel broadcast in English. Since July 1, 1996, the channel has been available from the Panamsat 4 satellite in the territories of Southern Russia and Ukraine, in the Asian republics of the former USSR.<ref name="old.telesputnik">[https://old.telesputnik.ru/equipment/beginer1.html Советы для начинающих] // Июль 1996</ref> In 1997, the channel's new distributor, [[AMC Networks International UK|Chello Zone]], took over in the CIS.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 22, 2015 |title=Российский офис AMC Networks прекратит свою работу осенью 2015 года |url=https://tv-digest.ru/archive/id/46997/ |publisher=ТВ Дайджест}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 10, 1999 |title="Здравствуй, племя младое, незнакомое..." |url=https://old.telesputnik.ru/archive/48/article/26.html |publisher=old.telesputnik.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 4, 2008 |title=Chello Zone представляет JimJam |url=https://old.telesputnik.ru/archive/150/article/32.html |publisher=old.telesputnik.ru}}</ref> In the same year, the channel was partially dubbed into Russian.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 2, 2000 |title=Дублировано на Zone Vision |url=https://old.telesputnik.ru/archive/52/article/36.html |publisher=old.telesputnik.ru}}</ref>

In 1998, the channel began broadcasting on the territories of Belarus and Ukraine, the Baltic states and the North-West of Russia from the Astra 1G satellite. Broadcasting was 16 hours a day, from 8:00 to 0:00 MSK.,<ref name="old.telesputnik2">[https://old.telesputnik.ru/archive/34/article/30.html Детский мир] // Август 1998г</ref> at night, the channel carried [[Turner Classic Movies (Northern European TV channel)|Turner Classic Movies]]. In November 1999, the channel became available on the platform [[NTV Plus]] and other cable networks, broadcasting from the Sirius 2 satellite.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 3, 2005 |title=Cartoon Network теперь на русском языке |url=https://old.telesputnik.ru/archive/113/article/22.html |publisher=old.telesputnik.ru}}</ref>

In 1999, the network's [[Cartoon Network (United Kingdom and Ireland)|British feed]] officially split off from the pan-European version. This followed after the shared transponder analogue feed on [[Astra 1C]] became scrambled with [[VideoCrypt]] and the short-lived British version of [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]] was launched.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}}

A [[Cartoon Network (Western Europe)#Nordic countries|Nordic feed]] was launched in 2000, broadcasting in Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and English. This also became available in Iceland and Finland.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Dutch Cartoon Network closed down in 2001. It was replaced with the pan-European feed in 2001. A Dutch audio track was simultaneously added. Greek subtitles became available the same year.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Polish feed branched into separate ones for Romania and Hungary in 2002. A [[Cartoon Network (German TV channel)|German feed]] was launched in 2006. A [[Cartoon Network (Turkey)|Turkish feed]] was added in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |date=2008 |title=Time Warner, Inc. |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1105705/000095014408001291/g11419e10vk.htm |access-date=October 3, 2015 |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |quote=In January 2008, Turner, along with a local partner, launched Cartoon Network Turkey...}}</ref>

In April 2005, Cartoon Network Europe was completely dubbed into Russian.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 21, 2005 |title=CARTOON NETWORK на русском языке с 1 апреля на 100% |url=https://www.sostav.ru/news/2005/02/21/r3/ |publisher=Sostav.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 22, 2005 |title=Cartoon Network to Speak Russian |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/cartoon-network-to-speak-russian/ |publisher=Animation Magazine}}</ref>

On October 1, 2008, a separate feed of Cartoon Network was created for Hungary and Romania, while the two additional audio tracks that were previously added to [[Cartoon Network (Polish TV channel)|Cartoon Network Poland]] in 2002. Czech Republic and Slovakia both used to receive this channel feed in an English-language muted audio track.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}}.

On October 1, 2009, the channel was launched – [[Cartoon Network (Central and Eastern Europe)#Southeastern Europe|Cartoon Network Russia]], broadcasting in the countries of CIS and South-Eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 4, 2009 |title=Запуск новой версии Cartoon Network в России |url=https://tv-digest.ru/archive/id/29520/ |publisher=ТВ Дайджест}}</ref>

The network's [[Cartoon Network Arabic|Arabic]] feed launched in 2010, which is free-to-air on satellite and exist alongside the pan-European feed in pay-TV which would later split into another MENA feed on 1 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web |last=Williams |first=Sean |date=October 10, 2010 |title=Cartoon Network Arabic launches |url=https://www.digitalproductionme.com/article-3337-cartoon-network-arabic-launches/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223449/http://www.digitalproductionme.com/article-3337-cartoon-network-arabic-launches/ |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |access-date=October 3, 2015 |work=Digital Production Middle East |publisher=[[ITP Publishing Group |ITP Business Publishing]]}}</ref> This is the only [[Europe, the Middle East and Africa|EMEA]]-marketed feed not broadcast in English. On November 17, 2010, the Dutch feed relaunched and started broadcasting 24 hours a day and with a new logo. All programs and ads air in Dutch.<ref>{{cite web |author=Elsbeth Eilander |date=November 17, 2010 |title=Nieuwe look Cartoon Network |url=https://www.adformatie.nl/media/nieuwe-look-cartoon-network |publisher=Adformatie.nl |language=nl}}</ref> The Spanish feed shut down in 2013, together with the Spanish [[Cartoonito]]. This market would focus completely on the free-to-air channel [[Boing (Spanish TV channel)|Boing]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Dickson |first=Jeremy |date=July 17, 2013 |title=Cartoon Network shuts down pay-TV channels in Spain |url=https://kidscreen.com/2013/07/17/cartoon-network-shuts-down-pay-tv-channels-in-spain/ |access-date=October 3, 2015 |work=Kidscreen |publisher=Brunico Communications}}</ref> The Portuguese-speaking channel was launched in October 2013 in Angola and Mozambique. It launched in Portugal later in December.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rusak |first=Gary |date=September 30, 2013 |title=Cartoon Network heads to Angola and Mozambique |url=https://kidscreen.com/2013/09/30/cartoon-network-heads-to-angola-and-mozambique/ |access-date=October 3, 2015 |work=Kidscreen |publisher=Brunico Communications}}</ref>

{{As of|2015}}, the ex pan-European feed still airs in the Greek part of Cyprus; it is also one of the four feeds available in the Middle East and Africa (the other ones being the [[Cartoon Network Arabic|Arabic]], [[Cartoon Network (French TV channel)|French]], and [[Cartoon Network (Portuguese TV channel)|Portuguese]] feeds). This pan-European feed broadcasts in English, while Greek subtitles are available. All other European countries had their own local or regional feed.

On September 1, 2017, the Central and Eastern European channel feed added a Czech-language audio track for its audience in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, replacing the English-language muted audio track.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 19, 2017 |title=Cartoon Network startuje v češtině a slovenštině, lokalizovaný bude už od zítřka | Digitální rádio |url=https://digital.rozhlas.cz/cartoon-network-startuje-v-cestine-a-slovenstine-lokalizovany-bude-uz-od-zitrka-7215335 |accessdate=November 28, 2021 |publisher=Digital.rozhlas.cz |language=cs}}</ref>

== Units ==

=== Production studios ===
* [[Cartoon Network#Production studios|CN LA Original Productions]]
* [[Williams Street]]

=== Television channels ===
All channels are operated by [[Warner Bros. Discovery Global Linear Networks]].
* [[Cartoon Network]]
** [[Adult Swim]] (block)
*** [[Toonami]] (block)
* [[Boomerang (TV network)|Boomerang]]
* [[Cartoonito (American programming block)|Cartoonito]] ([[Cartoonito|international only]])

=== International channels ===
==== Cartoon Network ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! "unsortable" | Region(s)
! Launch date
! End date
! Language(s)
! Coverage and availability notes
|-
| [[Cartoon Network (Middle East and Africa)|Africa]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe)
|
| English
| From [[Paris]], France
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network Arabic|Arab world]]
| {{dts|2010|10|10}} (as an independent concurrent feed; via free-to-air TV)
| rowspan="2" |
| Arabic
| rowspan="2" | From [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
|-
| {{dts|2016|4|1}} (a Hindi language channel feed; via subscription TV)
| Hindi
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Asia)|Asia Pacific]]
| {{dts|1994|10|6}}
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | English, Indonesian, Thai, Malay, Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese, and Tamil
| From [[Singapore]] and [[Jakarta]]
|-
| {{dts|1995|1|1}} (Taiwan)
| From [[Taipei|Taipei City]], Taiwan
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)|Australia and New Zealand]]
| {{dts|1995|6|30}} (as part of Cartoon Network Asia)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2025|5|13}} (Australia) {{dts|2025|12|2}} (New Zealand)
| rowspan="5" | English
| rowspan="3" | From Sydney, [[Australia]]
|-
| {{dts|1995|10|3}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2025|11|1}} (relaunch, Australia only)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Canada)|Canada]]
| {{dts|2012|7|4}} (as a sister channel of [[Cartoon Network (Canada)#As Teletoon|Teletoon]])
| {{dts|2023|3|27}} (replaced by [[Boomerang (Canada)|Boomerang]])
| rowspan="2" | From [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], Canada. Operated under licence by [[Corus Entertainment]].
|-
| {{dts|2023|3|27}} (replacing Teletoon)
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Central and Eastern Europe" | [[Cartoon Network (Central and Eastern Europe)|Central and Eastern Europe]]
| {{dts|2002|9|30}} (as part of Cartoon Network Poland)
| rowspan="2" | September 18, 2024
| rowspan="3" | Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, and English
| rowspan="3" | From [[Prague]], Czech Republic<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cartoonnetwork.pl/broadcaster |title=Szczegóły nadawcy}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2008|10|1}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|18}} (as part of Cartoon Network CECP)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="France" | [[Cartoon Network (French TV channel)|France]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe)
| rowspan="2" | September 25, 2024
| rowspan="3" | French and English
| rowspan="3" | From [[Paris]], France
|-
| {{dts|1999|8|23}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|25}} (as part of [[Cartoon Network (Western Europe)|Cartoon Network WE]])
|
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Germany" | [[Cartoon Network (German TV channel)|Germany]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe, in English)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|9|25}}
| rowspan="3" | German and English
| rowspan="3" | From [[Munich]], Germany
|-
| {{dts|2005|9|3}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|26}} (as part of Cartoon Network WE)
|
|-
| [[Cartoon Network (India)|India (South Asia)]]
| {{dts|1995|5|1}}
|
| English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada
| From [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Israel" | [[Arutz HaYeladim#Cartoon Network|Israel]]
| 2000 (as part of Cartoon Network Europe, in English)
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" | English and Hebrew
| rowspan="3" | Airs as a [[Video on demand|VOD]] streaming channel on Yes
|-
| {{dts|2011|6|20}} (as a programming block on [[Arutz HaYeladim]])
|-
| 2019 (as a VOD streaming channel on [[Yes (company)|Yes]])
|-
| rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Italy" | [[Cartoon Network (Italy)|Italy]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe)
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | Italian and English
| rowspan="2" | From [[Milan]], [[Rome]], Italy
|-
| {{dts|1996|7|31}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| data-sort-value="Japan" | [[Cartoon Network (Asia)#Japan|Japan]]
| {{dts|1997|9|1}}
|
| Japanese and English
| From [[Tokyo]], Japan
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Middle East and Africa)|Middle East]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe; via pay TV)
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | English, Arabic, and Greek
| rowspan="2" | From [[London]], England
|-
| {{dts|2016|7|1}} (relaunched as an independent feed specific for the MENA region; via pay TV)
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Latin America" | [[Cartoon Network (Latin America)|Latin America]]
| {{dts|1993|4|30}}
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="2" | Latin American Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, and English (translated continuity on SAP)
| From [[Buenos Aires]] and [[São Paulo]] (Brazilian feed)
|-
| {{dts|1996|10}} (as an autonomous Brazilian feed within the Latin American variant of the channel)
| rowspan="2" | From [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]], United States
|-
| 1999 (as an autonomous Mexican feed within the Latin American variant of the channel)
| Brazilian Portuguese and English (translated continuity on SAP)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Latin America)|South Atlantic]] (Latin America)
| {{dts|1993|4|30}} (as part of the Latin American feed)
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="6" | Latin American Spanish and English (translated continuity on SAP)
| rowspan="6" | From [[Buenos Aires]], [[Mexico City]], [[Medellín]], [[Santiago|Santiago de Chile]] and [[São Paulo]]
|-
| 2002 (as an autonomous feed within the Latin American variant of the channel)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Latin America)|Pacific]] (Latin America)
| {{dts|1993|4|30}} (as part of the Latin American feed)
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| {{dts|2015|6|1}} (as an autonomous feed within the Latin American variant of the channel)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Latin America)|North Atlantic]] (Latin America)
| {{dts|1993|4|30}} (as part of the Latin American feed)
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| {{dts|2015|6|1}} (as an autonomous feed within the Latin American variant of the channel)
|-
| rowspan="5" data-sort-value="Netherlands" | [[Cartoon Network (Western Europe)|Netherlands]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe, in English)
| rowspan="4" | {{dts|2024|9|25}}
| rowspan="5" | Dutch and English
| rowspan="5" | From [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
|-
| {{dts|1997|7|12}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2001|8|1}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe, in Dutch and English)
|-
| {{dts|2010|11|17}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|25}} (as part of Cartoon Network WE)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Nordic" | [[Cartoon Network (Western Europe)#Nordic countries|Nordic]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|9|25}}
| rowspan="3" | Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and English
| rowspan="3" | From [[London]], England
|-
| {{dts|2000|1|1}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|25}} (as part of Cartoon Network WE)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Pakistani TV channel)|Pakistan]]
| {{dts|1995|5|1}} (as part of Cartoon Network India)
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | English and Urdu
| rowspan="2" | From [[Karachi]], Pakistan
|-
| {{dts|2004|4|2}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoon Network (Philippines)|Philippines]]
| {{dts|1994|10|6}} (as part of Cartoon Network Asia Pacific)
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | English
| rowspan="2" | From [[Singapore]], [[Jakarta]], [[Bangkok]], [[Manila]]
|-
| {{dts|1995|9|1}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Poland" | [[Cartoon Network (Polish TV channel)|Poland]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe, in English)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|9|18}}
| rowspan="3" | Polish and English
| rowspan="3" | From [[Munich]], Germany
|-
| {{dts|1998|6|1}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|18}} (as part of Cartoon Network CECP)
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Portugal and Portuguese-speaking African countries" | [[Cartoon Network (Portuguese TV channel)|Portugal]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe, in English)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|9|25}}
| rowspan="3" | European Portuguese and English
| rowspan="4" | From [[London]], England
|-
| {{dts|2013|12|3}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|25}} (as part of Cartoon Network WE)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="CIS" | [[Cartoon Network (Central and Eastern Europe)#Southeastern Europe|CIS]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}} (Cartoon Network Europe)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|9|18}}
| Russian and English
|-
| {{dts|2009|10|1}} (Cartoon Network RSEE)
| rowspan="2" | Russian, Bulgarian, and English
| rowspan="5" | From [[Munich]], Germany
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|18}} (as part of Cartoon Network CECP)
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Southeastern Europe" | [[Cartoon Network (Central and Eastern Europe)|Southeastern Europe]]
| {{dts|2009|10|1}}
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|9|18}}
| rowspan="3" | Russian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, and English
|-
| {{dts|2021|11|5}} (launched in Croatian, Serbian, Slovene)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|18}} (as part of Cartoon Network CECP)
|
|-
| data-sort-value="South Korea" | [[Cartoon Network (South Korea)|South Korea]]
| {{dts|2006|11|11}}
|
| Korean and English
| From [[Seoul]], South Korea
|-
| rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Spain" | [[Cartoon Network (Spain)|Spain]]
| {{dts|1994|3|4}} (as part of Cartoon Network Europe)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2013|7|1}} (as a channel)
| rowspan="3" | European Spanish and English (in rare times Catalan)
| rowspan="3" | From [[London]], England
|-
| {{dts|1999|8|23}} (as an independent feed)
|-
| {{dts|2013|9|3}} (as a weekend afternoon block on [[Boing (Spanish TV channel)|Boing]])
|-
| data-sort-value="Turkey" | [[Cartoon Network (Turkey)|Turkey]]
| {{dts|2008|1|28}}
|
| Turkish and English
| From [[Istanbul]], Turkey
|-
| data-sort-value="United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta" | [[Cartoon Network (United Kingdom and Ireland)|UK, Ireland & Malta]]
| {{dts|1993|9|17}}
|
| English
| From [[London]], England
|}

==== Adult Swim ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Channel name
! Launch date
! End date
! Coverage and availability notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Adult Swim (Australia)|Australia & New Zealand]]
| {{dts|2005|12}} (original)
| {{dts|2007|12|31}} (original)
| rowspan="2" | Available as a block on [[Cartoon Network (Australian and New Zealand TV channel)|Cartoon Network (Australia)]].
|-
| {{dts|2016|1|9}} (relaunch)
| {{dts|2019|11}} (relaunch)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Adult Swim (Canada)|Canada]]
| {{dts|2012|7|4}} (as a block on Cartoon Network)
| {{dts|2019|3|3}} (as a block on Cartoon Network (now Boomerang))
| Canadian block operated under licence by Corus Entertainment
|-
| {{dts|2019|4|1}} (as channel, replaced Action)
|
| Canadian channel (24/7) operated by [[Corus Entertainment]]; successor to [[Teletoon at Night]], and formerly under the [[Showcase (Canadian TV channel)|Showcase]] brand.
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Warner TV Next#Adult Swim|France]]
| {{dts|2011|3|4}} (as a block on Cartoon Network Switzerland)
| 2015 (as a block on Cartoon Network Switzerland)
| rowspan="2" | Available as programming and in SVOD with Warner TV Next, and selected programming on [[Max (streaming service)|Max]].
|-
| {{dts|2019|7|24}} (as a block on [[Warner TV Next]])
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | Germany
| {{dts|2009|1|28}} (as a block on [[WarnerTV Serie|TNT Serie]])
| 2017 (as a block on TNT Serie)
| rowspan="2" | Available as a block on WarnerTV Comedy.
|-
| 2016 (as a block on [[WarnerTV Comedy|TNT Comedy]])
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Adult Swim (Latin America)|Latin America]]
| {{dts|2005|10|7}} (as a block on Cartoon Network)
| 2008 (as a block on Cartoon Network)
|-
| {{dts|2007|11|19}} (as a block on [[I.Sat]])
| {{dts|2020|4|16}} (as a block on I.Sat)
|-
| {{dts|2014|11|3}} (as a block on [[TNT Novelas|TBS]])
| 2020 (as a block on TBS)
|-
| {{dts|2020|5|2}} (as a block on [[Warner TV]])
| {{dts|2021|11|8}} (as a block on Warner TV)
|-
| {{dts|2023|10|31}} (as a TV channel)
|
|-
| Russia
| {{dts|2007|4|1}}
| 2021
| Available as a block in [[Russia]] on [[2×2 (TV channel)|2x2]] channel.
|-
| rowspan="3" | Spain
| {{dts|2007|5|5}} (as a block on TNT)
| 2012 (as a block on TNT)
|-
| {{dts|2020|1|22}} (as part of [[HBO Europe|HBO]], now [[HBO Max]])
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| {{dts|2020|12|3}} (as a premium pack with Toonami on Orange TV)
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Adult Swim (UK & Ireland)|UK & Ireland]]
| {{dts|2006|7|8}} (as a block on [[Bravo (British TV channel)|Bravo]])
| {{dts|2008|7|7}} (as a block on Bravo)
| rowspan="5" | Available as a block on [[E4 (TV channel)|E4]].
|-
| {{dts|2010|6|5}} (as a block on [[Fox (British and Irish TV channel)|FX/Fox]])
| {{dts|2017|9|1}} (as a block on FX/Fox)
|-
| {{dts|2012|1|4}} (as a block on [[TCM Movies|TCM]])
| {{dts|2013|8}} (as a block on TCM)
|-
| {{dts|2016|11}} (as a block on [[TruTV (British and Irish TV channel)|TruTV]])
| {{dts|2016|12}} (as a block on TruTV)
|-
| {{dts|2019|2|15}} (as a block on [[E4 (TV channel)|E4]])
| {{dts|2025|10|13}} (as a block on E4)
|}

==== Boomerang ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Region(s)
! Launch date
! End date
! Language(s)
! Coverage and availability notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Boomerang (Australian TV channel)|Australia]]
| {{dts|1995|10|3}} (block on Cartoon Network Australia and New Zealand)
| {{dts|2004|3|13}} (block on Cartoon Network Australia and New Zealand)
| rowspan="3" | English
| rowspan="2" | From Sydney, Australia
|-
| {{dts|2004|3|14}} (TV channel)
| {{dts|2025|5|13}} (TV channel)
|-
| [[Boomerang (Canada)|Canada]]
| {{dts|2023|3|27}} (rebranding the first Cartoon Network as a Boomerang channel)
|
| From Toronto, Ontario. Owned by [[Corus Entertainment]].
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe)#As part of Boomerang (2011–2023)|Central and Eastern Europe]]
| {{dts|2005|6|5}} (as part of Boomerang Europe)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2022|3|9}} (Russia) and {{dts|2023|3|18}} (in whole CEE); replaced by Cartoonito
| rowspan="2" | English, Polish, Romanian, Hungarian, Russian, Bulgarian, Dutch, Czech, and German
| rowspan="2" | From [[Munich]], Germany
|-
| {{dts|2011|10|11}} (split into an independent feed)
|-
| [[Boomerang (French TV channel)|France]]
| {{dts|2003|4|23}}
|
| French and English
| From Paris, France
|-
| [[Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe)#As part of Boomerang (2011–2023)|Germany]]
| {{dts|2006|6|1}}
| {{dts|2018|10|1}} (closed down and replaced by Boomerang Central and Eastern Europe)
| German and English
| From Munich, Germany
|-
| India (South Asia)
| {{dts|2005|9|5}} (block on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]])
| {{dts|2009|5}}
| English and Hindi
| From Mumbai, India
|-
| [[Boomerang (Italian TV channel)|Italy]]
| {{dts|2000|7|31}}
|
| Italian and English
| From Rome, Italy
|-
| Japan
| {{dts|2018|1}}
| {{dts|2022|3|31}}
| Japanese
| From Tokyo, Japan
|-
| [[Boomerang (Latin American TV channel)|Latin America]]
| {{dts|2001|7|2}} (channel)
| {{dts|2021|12|1}} (channel); replaced by [[Cartoonito (Latin America)|Cartoonito]]
| Spanish, English, and Portuguese
| From Buenos Aires, Argentina; Santiago, Chile; São Paulo, Brazil; and Mexico City
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)#As part of Boomerang|Middle East and Africa]]
| {{dts|2005|3}} (as part of Boomerang Europe)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2023|3|25}} (Africa) and {{dts|2023|9|4}} (MENA); replaced by [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)|Cartoonito]]
| rowspan="2" | English, Arabic, and Greek
| From Paris, France
|-
| {{dts|2016|7|1}} (MENA independent feed)
| rowspan="5" | From London, England
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe)#As part of Boomerang (2011–2023)|Netherlands]]
| {{dts|2005|10|10}}
| rowspan="2" | 2017 (replaced again by Boomerang Central and Eastern Europe)
| rowspan="2" | Dutch and English
|-
| 2015 (independent feed)
|-
| rowspan="2" | Nordic
| {{dts|2009|9|15}} (as a block)
| {{dts|2010|9|30}} (as a block)
| rowspan="2" | English, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish
|-
| {{dts|2010|9|30}} (as a channel)
| {{dts|2023|9|4}} (as a channel); replaced by [[Cartoonito (Western Europe)#Nordic countries|Cartoonito]]
|-
| [[Cartoonito (Western Europe)#Portugal|Portugal]]
| {{dts|2015|4|21}}
| {{dts|2023|3|23}}; replaced by [[Cartoonito (Portuguese TV channel)|Cartoonito]]
| Portuguese and English
| From Lisboa, Portugal
|-
| South Korea
| {{dts|2015|11|14}}
| {{dts|2024|6|30}}; replaced by [[Cartoonito (Asian TV channel)#South Korea|Cartoonito]]
| Korean and English
| From Seoul, South Korea
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Boomerang (Asian TV channel)|Southeast Asia]]
| {{dts|2005|9|5}} (original)
| {{dts|2012|12|1}} (original)
| rowspan="2" | English and Mandarin
| rowspan="2" | From [[Singapore]]
|-
| {{dts|2015|1|1}} (relaunch)
| {{dts|2023|7|28}} (relaunch); replaced by [[Cartoonito (Asian TV channel)|Cartoonito]]
|-
| Spain
| {{dts|2004|12|1}}
| {{dts|2011|9|1}}; replaced by [[Cartoonito#Brand rollout (2011–2021)|Cartoonito]]
| Spanish and English
| From London, England
|-
| [[Boom (Thai TV channel)|Thailand]]
| {{dts|2013|8|14}}<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-08-31 |title=WBD and MVTV announce new agreement to operate Boomerang in Thailand |url=https://press.wbd.com/emea/au/media-release/wbd-and-mvtv-announce-new-agreement-operate-boomerang-thailand?language_content_entity=en&fb |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=Pressroom |language=en}}</ref>
|
| Thai
| From Bangkok, Thailand
|-
| rowspan="2" | Turkey
| {{dts|2016|4|23}} (as a channel)
| {{dts|2018|12|3}} (as a block on [[Cartoon Network (Turkey)|Cartoon Network]])
| rowspan="2" | Turkish and English
| rowspan="2" | From [[Istanbul]], Turkey
|-
| {{dts|2018|4|23}} (as a block on [[Cartoon Network (Turkey)|Cartoon Network]])
| {{dts|2023|9|4}}; replaced by [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)|Cartoonito]]
|-
| [[Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)|UK, Ireland & Malta]]
| {{dts|2000|5|27}}
|
| English
| From London, England
|}

==== Cartoonito ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Region(s)
! Launch date
! End date
! Language(s)
! Type
! Coverage and availability notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoon Network Arabic#Arabic version of Cartoonito|Arab world]]
| {{dts|2011|9|4}} (original block)
| {{dts|2014|4|1}} (original block)
| rowspan="3" | Arabic<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1KsTwSEGwU&app=desktop |date=2019 |title=Cartoonito block on Cartoon Network Arabic |publisher=CN Montage |access-date=April 3, 2019}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | Block on [[Cartoon Network Arabic|Cartoon Network]]
| rowspan="3" | From Dubai, United Arab Emirates
|-
| {{dts|2019|3|24}} (reblock)
| {{dts|2022|2|7}} (reblock)
|-
| {{dts|2022|2|7}} (relaunch)<ref>{{cite web |title=C21Media » WarnerMedia eyes preschool originals » Print |url=https://www.c21media.net/news/warnermedia-eyes-preschool-originals?print}}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Cartoonito (Asian TV channel)|Asia Pacific]]
| {{dts|2012|12|1}} (channel, original)
| {{dts|2015|1|1}} (channel, original)
| rowspan="4" | English and Chinese
| Channel (2012–2015)
| rowspan="4" | From Singapore and Jakarta, replaced Boomerang Asia
|-
| {{dts|2022|3|28}} (Cartoon Network block)
| {{dts|2022|11|21}} (Cartoon Network block)
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (Asia)|Cartoon Network]] (2022)
|-
| {{dts|2022|5|2}} (Boomerang block)
| {{dts|2023|7|28}} (Boomerang block)
| Block on [[Boomerang (Asian TV channel)|Boomerang]] (2022–2023)
|-
| {{dts|2023|7|28}} (channel, relaunch)
|
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| [[Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)|Australia & New Zealand]]
| {{dts|2022|6|27}}
| {{dts|2025|5|13}} (Australia only)
| English
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)|Cartoon Network]]
| From Sydney, Australia
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe)|Central and Eastern Europe]]
| {{dts|2011|10|12}} (original block)
| {{dts|2014|1|1}} (original block)
| rowspan="3" | English, German, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Hungarian, Russian, Dutch, and Bulgarian
| Block on [[Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe)#As part of Boomerang (2011–2023)|Boomerang CEE]] (2011–2014)
| rowspan="3" | From Munich, Germany, replaced Boomerang CEE
|-
| {{dts|2022|9|1}} (relaunched block)
| {{dts|2023|3|18}} (relaunched block)
| Block on [[Cartoonito (Central and Eastern Europe)#As part of Boomerang (2011–2023)|Boomerang CEE]] (2022–2023)
|-
| {{dts|2023|3|18}} (channel)
|
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoonito (French TV channel)|France]]
| {{dts|2011|9|5}} (original block)
| {{dts|2013|7|5}} (original block)
| rowspan="2" | French
| Block on Boing (2011–2013)
| rowspan="2" | From Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
|-
| {{dts|2023|4|3}} (channel)<ref>{{cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Warner Bros. Discovery va lancer une nouvelle chaîne TV sur les box de Free, Orange, SFR et Bouygues Telecom
|url=https://www.universfreebox.com/article/541651/warner-bros-discovery-va-lancer-une-nouvelle-chaine-tv-sur-les-box-de-free-orange-sfr-et-bouygues-telecom |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Univers Freebox |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| India (South Asia)
| {{dts|2013|8|7}}
|
| Hindi, Tamil, and Telugu
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network]]
| From [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|-
| [[Cartoonito (Italian TV channel)|Italy]]
| {{dts|2011|8|22}}
|
| Italian
| Channel
| From Rome, Italy; owned by [[Boing (TV channel)|Boing S.p.A.]] (joint-venture between [[Mediaset]] (51%) and [[Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA]] (49%))
|-
| Japan
| {{dts|2022|3|1}}
|
| Japanese and English
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (Asia)#Japan|Cartoon Network]]
| From Tokyo, Japan
|-
| [[Cartoonito (Latin America)|Latin America]]
| {{dts|2021|12|1}}
|
| Spanish, English, and Portuguese
| Channel
| From Buenos Aires, Argentina, replaced Boomerang Latin America<ref>{{cite web |date=December 1, 2021 |title=Cartoonito, la nueva señal de Cartoon Network para los más pequeños |url=https://www.infobae.com/que-puedo-ver/2021/12/01/cartoonito-la-nueva-senal-de-cartoon-network-para-lo-mas-pequenos/ |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)|Middle East and Africa]]
| {{dts|2011|10|12}} (original block)
| {{dts|2014|1|1}} (original block)
| rowspan="3" | English, Arabic, and Greek
| Block on [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)#As part of Boomerang|Boomerang]] (2011–2014)
| rowspan="3" | From London, England
|-
| {{dts|2022|4|4}} (relaunch block)<ref name="Hello, Cartoonito! Coming in April to Boomerang Africa!">{{cite web |title=Hello, Cartoonito! Coming in April to Boomerang Africa! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5hGxbs5KiQ |access-date=March 20, 2022 |publisher=BoomerangAfrica}}</ref>
| {{dts|2023|3|25}} (relaunch Africa block) {{dts|2023|9|4}} (relaunch MENA block)<ref name=":0" />
| Block on [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)#As part of Boomerang|Boomerang]] (2022–2023)
|-
| {{dts|2023|3|25}} (Africa channel) {{dts|2023|9|4}} (MENA channel)<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Cartoonito {{!}} Games, Videos & Downloads |url=https://www.boomeranghq.net/shows/cartoonito |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Boomerang |language=en |archive-date=March 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324165655/https://www.boomeranghq.net/shows/cartoonito |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoonito (Western Europe)|Nordic]]
| {{dts|2022|2|1}} (block)
| {{dts|2023|9|4}} (block)
| rowspan="2" | Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and English
| Block on Boomerang (2022–2023)
| rowspan="2" | From London, England; replaced Boomerang Nordic
|-
| {{dts|2023|9|4}} (channel)
| {{dts|2024|9|11}}
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|11}} (as part of [[Cartoonito (Western Europe)|Cartoonito Western Europe]])
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoonito (Asian TV channel)#Philippines|Philippines]]
| {{dts|2012|12|1}} (channel)
| {{dts|2015|1|1}} (channel)
| rowspan="2" | English
| Channel (2012–2015)
| rowspan="2" | From [[Singapore]], [[Jakarta]], [[Bangkok]], [[Manila]]
|-
| {{dts|2022|3|28}} (block)
|
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (Philippines)|Cartoon Network]] (2022–present)
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoonito (Portuguese TV channel)|Portugal]]
| {{dts|2022|2|21}} (block)
| {{dts|2023|3|23}} (block)
| rowspan="2" | Portuguese and English
| Block on [[Cartoonito (Portuguese TV channel)#As Boomerang (2015–2023)|Boomerang]] (2022–2023)
| rowspan="2" | From Lisbon, Portugal; replaced Boomerang Portugal
|-
| {{dts|2023|3|23}} (channel)
| {{dts|2024|9|11}} (merged)
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| {{dts|2024|9|11}} (as part of Cartoonito Western Europe)
|
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Cartoonito (Asian TV channel)#South Korea|South Korea]]
| {{dts|2022|3|28}} (block)
| {{dts|2024|6|30}} (block)
| rowspan="2" | Korean and English
| Block on [[Cartoonito (Asian TV channel)#South Korea|Boomerang]] (2022–2024)
| rowspan="2" | From Seoul, South Korea; replaced Boomerang South Korea
|-
| {{dts|2024|7|1}} (channel)
|
| Channel (2024–present)
|-
| [[Cartoonito|Spain]]
| {{dts|2011|9|1}}
| {{dts|2013|6|30}}
| Spanish and English
| Channel
| From London, England
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoonito (Middle East and Africa)|Turkey]]
| {{dts|2018|12|3}} (Cartoon Network block)
|
| rowspan="3" | Turkish and English
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (Turkey)|Cartoon Network]] (2018–present)
| rowspan="3" | From Istanbul, Turkey; replaced Boomerang Turkey
|-
| {{dts|2022|9|5}} (Boomerang block)
| {{dts|2023|9|4}} (Boomerang block)
| Block on Boomerang (2022–2023)
|-
| {{dts|2023|9|4}} (channel)
|
| Channel (2023–present)
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)|UK, Ireland & Malta]]
| {{dts|2006|9|4}} (original block)
| {{dts|2007|5|23}} (original block)
| rowspan="3" | English
| Block on [[Cartoon Network Too]] (2006–2007)
| rowspan="3" | From London, England
|-
| {{dts|2007|5|24}} (channel)
| rowspan="2" |
| Channel (2007–present) Block on Boomerang (2009–2010)
|-
| {{dts|2022|3|1}} (relaunch block)
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (United Kingdom and Ireland)|Cartoon Network]] (2022–present)
|}

==== Toonami ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Region(s)
! Launch date
! End date
! Language(s)
! Type
! Coverage and availability notes
|-
| Africa<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.regularcapital.com/2017/06/toonami-africa-channel-launched-today/ |title=Toonami Africa Channel Launched Today |date=June 1, 2017 |website=RegularCapital}}</ref>
| {{dts|2017|6|1}}
|
| English
| Channel
| From Paris
|-
| [[Toonami (Asian TV channel)|Asia Pacific]]
| {{dts|2012|12|1}}
| {{dts|2018|3|31}}
| English, Thai, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Malay
| Channel
| From [[Singapore]]
|-
| [[Toonami (Australian TV programming block)|Australia and New Zealand]]
| {{dts|2001|7|7}}
| {{dts|2006|8|4}}
| English
| Block on [[Cartoon Network (Australia and New Zealand)|Cartoon Network]]
| Aired on Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons. It later expanded to airing on weekday afternoons.
|-
| Central Europe
| {{dts|2002|11|4}}
| {{dts|2006|9|2}}
| Polish, Hungarian, and Romanian
| Block
| Aired as a weeknight and weekend morning block.
|-
| France
| {{dts|2016|2|11}}
| {{dts|2023|9|4}}; replaced by [[Warner TV Next]]
| French
| Channel
| From Paris, France
|-
| rowspan="2" | India (South Asia)
| 2005 (block)
| rowspan="2" | {{dts|2018|5|18}}
| rowspan="2" | English and Hindi
| rowspan="2" | Channel
| rowspan="2" | Launched in 2015, it formerly aired action-animated and anime programming, before shifting its focus to airing classic animated series in 2017, similar to Boomerang. It ceased broadcasting in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://regularcapital.toonsphere.com/2017/07/toonami-india-reformulates-schedule-becomes-classic-animation-channel/ |title=Toonami India Reformulates Schedule Becomes Classic Animation Channel |date=July 1, 2017 |access-date=April 4, 2022 |website=Regular Capital}}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>
|-
| {{dts|2015|2|26}} (channel)
|-
| rowspan="3" | Latin America
| {{dts|2002|12|2}} (original block)
| {{dts|2007|3|26}} (original block)
| rowspan="3" | Spanish and Portuguese
| rowspan="3" | Block on [[Cartoon Network (Latin America)|Cartoon Network]] and Adult Swim
| rowspan="3" | It was later relaunched as "Toonami Powered by Crunchyroll" as part of a partnership with [[Crunchyroll]] from 2020–2022.
|-
| {{dts|2020|8|31}} (First relaunch)
| {{dts|2022|8|30}} (First relaunch)
|-
| 2023 (Second relaunch)
|
|-
| [[Toonami (British and Irish TV channel)|UK, Ireland & Malta]]
| {{dts|2003|9|8}}
| {{dts|2007|5|24}}
| English
| Channel
| Replaced [[CNX (TV channel)|CNX]]; From London, England
|}

==== Other channels ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Channel name
! Launch date
! End date
! Availability
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" | Boomerang +1
| {{dts|2006|3|6}}
|
| United Kingdom
| rowspan="3" | One-hour timeshift service to Boomerang.
|-
| {{dts|2004|1|29}}
| {{dts|2025|12|31}}
| Italy
|-
| {{dts|2010|2|23}}
|
| France
|-
| rowspan="3" | Cartoon Network +1
| {{dts|1999|6|20}} (original)
| {{dts|2006|4|24}} (original)
| rowspan="2" | United Kingdom
| rowspan="3" | One-hour timeshift service to Cartoon Network. The original network was replaced with [[Cartoon Network Too]] and subsequently [[Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)|Cartoonito]] and [[TCM Movies|TCM 2]] until the latter block closed. Re-launched version replaced Cartoon Network Too.
|-
| {{dts|2014|4|1}} (relaunch)
|-
| {{dts|2003|7|31}}
|
| Italy
|-
| [[Cartoon Network (India)#Cartoon Network HD+|Cartoon Network HD+]]
| {{dts|2018|5|18}}
|
| India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
| The channel is a sister channel of [[Cartoon Network (India)|Cartoon Network India]], that mostly airs new shows. The channel is an HD-only channel broadcast in South Asia.
|-
| [[Cartoon Network Too]]
| {{dts|2006|4|24}}
| {{dts|2014|4|1}}
| United Kingdom
| Sister channel to Cartoon Network, originally launched as a service that timeshared with TCM 2. Relaunched as part of a merger with [[Toonami (British and Irish TV channel)|Toonami]], with original slot being replaced with [[Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)|Cartoonito]] and re-replaced by Cartoon Network +1.
|-
| [[Toonami (British and Irish TV channel)#As CNX|CNX]]
| {{dts|2002|10|14}}
| {{dts|2003|9|8}}
| United Kingdom
| General Entertainment network that aired mostly action cartoons during the day and more-adult-oriented shows during the evening. Replaced by [[Toonami (British and Irish TV channel)|Toonami]]
|-
| [[Tooncast]]
| {{dts|2008|12|1}}
|
| Latin America
| Sister channel that airs classic cartoons.
|}

'''Note''': In Italy and the UK, the network's "+1" [[Timeshift channel|timeshift channels]] are often temporarily rebranded and carry only one franchise for around a month, such as ''[[Looney Tunes]]'', ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'', and ''[[Ben 10]]''.

== See also ==
* [[Discovery Kids]]
* [[Pogo (TV channel)|Pogo]]
* [[Boing (TV channel)|Boing]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.hbomax.com/channel/cartoon-network}}

{{Cartoon Network}}
{{Warner Bros. Discovery}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartoon Network, Inc., The}}
[[Category:Cartoon Network]]
[[Category:Adult Swim]]
[[Category:Boomerang (TV network)]]
[[Category:Cartoonito]]
[[Category:Cartoon Network-related lists]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Discovery subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1992]]
[[Category:Cable network groups in the United States]]
[[Category:Television broadcasting companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in Atlanta]]
[[Category:Companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Companies based in Burbank, California]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1992]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Warner Bros. Television Studios]]

Akabo dialect

2026-03-27T16:48:53Z

Nonebotnone50:

{{Short description|Extinct Great Andamanese language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Bo
| nativename = {{lang|akm|Aka-Bo}}
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Andaman Islands]]; east central coast of North Andaman island, North Reef island.
| ethnicity = [[Bo people (Andaman)|Bo people]]
| extinct = 26 January 2010, with the death of [[Boa Sr.]]
| ref = <ref name=telegraph/><ref name=telegraph2/>
| familycolor = Andamanese
| fam1 = [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]]
| fam2 = Northern Andamanese – Kede
| fam3 = [[Northern Andamanese language|Northern Andamanese]]
| iso3 = akm
| linglist = akm.html
| glotto = akab1248
| glottorefname = Akabo
| map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| map = Languages_and_dialects_of_the_Andaman_Islands_at_British_contact.png
| mapcaption = {{legend|#01e4f3|Aka-Bo}}
}}

'''Akabo''' or '''Bo''' (also known as ''Ba'') is an extinct dialect of the [[Northern Andamanese language]]. It was spoken on the west central coast of [[North Andaman]]<ref name=Brown>Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred R. (1922). ''The Andaman Islanders''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> and on North Reef Island of the [[Andaman Islands]] in [[India]]. It was recorded as being mutually intelligible with [[Aka-Jeru language|Aka-Jeru]], and the vocabularies are very similar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zamponi |first=Raoul |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10137813/1/A-Grammar-of-Akajeru.pdf.pdf |title=A grammar of Akajeru: fragments of a traditional North Andamanese dialect |last2=Comrie |first2=Bernard |date=2021 |publisher=UCL Press |isbn=978-1-80008-093-5 |series=Grammars of world and minority languages |location=London}}</ref>

==Name==
The ''Aka-'' at the beginning of the language name is a common Great Andamanese prefix for words related to the [[tongue]], which includes language.<ref name=Templ>Temple, Richard C. (1902). ''A Grammar of the Andamanese Languages, being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands''. Superintendent's Printing Press: Port Blair.</ref>

==History==
The population size of the Bo tribe in 1858 has been estimated at 200 individuals.<ref name="weber7">George Weber (~2009), ''[http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter7/text7.htm Numbers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531230544/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter7/text7.htm |date=May 31, 2012 }}''. Chapter 7 in ''[http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/text-group-BodyChapters.htm The Andamanese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805204050/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/app-a/a-portman.htm |date=2012-08-05 }}''. Accessed on 2012-07-12.</ref> However, they were discovered by the colonial authorities only later, in the work leading to the 1901 census.<ref name="weber7"/> Like other [[Andamanese people]]s, the Bo were decimated during colonial and post-colonial times, by diseases, [[Alcoholic drinks|alcohol]], [[opium]] and loss of territory. The census of 1901 recorded only 48 individuals.<ref name="gob"/> Census takers were told that an epidemic had come from the neighboring [[Kari people|Kari]] and [[Kora people|Kora]] tribes, and the Bo had resorted to killing all of their own who showed symptoms.<ref name="weber7"/> Their number was up to 62 in 1911, but then decreased to 16 in 1921 and only 6 in 1931.<ref name="weber7"/>

In 1949, any remaining Bo were relocated, with all other surviving Great Andamanese, to a reservation on [[Bluff Island (Andaman Islands)|Bluff Island]]. In 1969 they were moved again to a reservation on Strait Island.<ref name="mann">Rann Singh Mann (2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=FPX6wiuZ3ikC&pg=PA149 Andaman and Nicobar Tribes Restudied: Encounters and Concerns], page 149. Mittal Publications. {{ISBN|81-8324-010-0}}</ref>
By 1980 only three out of the 23 surviving Great Andamanese claimed to belong to the Bo tribe. By 1994 their numbers had grown to 15 (out of 40).<ref name="gob">A. N. Sharma (2003), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WEztW7c0CqQC&pg=PA62 Tribal Development in the Andaman Islands]'', page 62. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi.</ref>

However, tribal identities became largely symbolic in the wake of the relocations. By 2006 the cultural and linguistic identity of the tribe had all but disappeared, due to intermarriage and other factors. The last speaker of the Bo language, a woman named [[Boa Sr]], died at age 85 in late January, 2010.<ref name=telegraph>(2010) ''[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/7161422/Language-lost-as-last-member-of-Andaman-tribe-dies.html Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies]''. The Daily Telegraph, London, 5 February 2010. Accessed on 2010-02-22.</ref><ref name=telegraph2>(2011) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7207731/Lives-Remembered.html "Lives Remembered"]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', London, 10 February 2010. Accessed on 2010-02-22. Also [https://web.archive.org/web/20100213125406/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/7207731/Lives-Remembered.html on web.archive.org]</ref>

===Extinction===

Boa Sr., the last person who remembered any Bo,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andamanese.net/generalia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023084412/http://www.andamanese.net/generalia.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=October 23, 2010|title=GA Community|publisher=Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese (VOGA)|access-date=2011-01-21}}</ref> died on 26 January 2010, at the age of approximately 85.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andamanese.net/BoaSr_Obituary.html|title=Obituary for Boa Sr.|publisher=Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese (VOGA)|access-date=2010-02-05| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100210000858/http://www.andamanese.net/BoaSr_Obituary.html| archive-date= 10 February 2010 | url-status= usurped}}</ref>

Boa Sr.'s mother, who died approximately forty years before her daughter, was the only living speaker of Bo for a long time. Other members of the Great Andamanese speech community had difficulty understanding the songs and narratives which she knew in Bo.<ref name="andamanese1">{{cite web|url=http://www.andamanese.net/generalia.htm |title=People of Great Andamanese |publisher=Andamanese.net |date=2009-02-22 |access-date=2010-05-14 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208214255/http://www.andamanese.net/generalia.htm |archive-date=February 8, 2010 }}</ref> She also spoke the Andamanese [[dialect]] of [[Hindi]], as well as [[Great Andamanese]], a mix of the ten indigenous languages of Andamans.

Boa Sr. worked with [[Anvita Abbi]], a professor of [[linguistics]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] in [[Delhi]], since 2005. Abbi studied and recorded Boa's language and songs.<ref name="andamanese1"/>

Boa Sr. died at a hospital in [[Port Blair]] on 26 January 2010.<ref name=telegraph/> Boa Sr., who was approximately 85 years old, was the oldest living member of the Great Andamanese tribes at the time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/7161422/Language-lost-as-last-member-of-Andaman-tribe-dies.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=2010-02-05 |access-date=2010-02-22}}</ref> Boa Sr.'s death left just 52<ref name=telegraph/> surviving Great Andamanese people in the world, none of whom remember any Bo. Their population is greatly reduced from the estimated 5,000 Great Andamanese living in the Andaman Islands at the time of the arrival of the British in 1858.<ref name=telegraph/>

[[Stephen Corry]], director of the [[United Kingdom|British]]-based [[NGO]] [[Survival International]], issued a statement saying, "With the death of Boa Sr. and the extinction of the Bo language, a unique part of human society is now just a memory. Boa's loss is a bleak reminder that we must not allow this to happen to the other tribes of the Andaman Islands."<ref name=guardian>{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Watt|title=Ancient tribal language becomes extinct as last speaker dies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/04/ancient-language-extinct-speaker-dies|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=2010-02-04 |access-date=2010-02-22}}</ref> Linguist Narayan Choudhary also explained what the loss of Boa Sr. meant in both academic and personal terms, "Her loss is not just the loss of the Great Andamanese community, it is a loss of several disciplines of studies put together, including [[anthropology]], [[linguistics]], [[history]], [[psychology]], and [[biology]]. To me, Boa Sr. epitomised a totality of humanity in all its hues and with a richness that is not to be found anywhere else."

==Grammar==
The Great Andamanese languages are [[agglutinative]] languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system.<ref name=Templ/> They have a distinctive [[noun class]] system based largely on body parts, in which every [[noun]] and [[adjective]] may take a [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the [[tongue]].<ref name="Templ"/>

Body parts are [[Inalienable possession|inalienably possessed]], requiring a [[possessive adjective]] [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".

Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two [[cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal number]]s — [[1 (number)|one]] and [[2 (number)|two]] — and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.<ref name="Templ"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|India|Languages}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8498534.stm BBC Report on Aka-Bo and the Bo Language death, with recording]
* [https://archive.org/stream/rosettaproject_akm_swadesh-1/akm.txt Aka-Bo Swadesh List by The Rosetta Project at the Internet Archive]
* [https://asjp.clld.org/languages/AKA_BO Aka-Bo word list at the ASJP Database]

{{Andamanese languages}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andamanese, Aka-Bo, Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Great Andamanese languages]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages extinct in the 2010s]]
[[Category:2010 disestablishments in India]]

Friday the 13th

2026-03-23T10:21:45Z

Nonebotnone50: general add article for clarity and added references as per guidelines

{{Short description|Unlucky day in popular superstition}}
{{About|the superstition|the film franchise|Friday the 13th (franchise){{!}}''Friday the 13th'' (franchise)|other uses|Friday the 13th (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Paraskevidekatriaphobia|the television episode|Paraskevidekatriaphobia (Inside No. 9){{!}}"Paraskevidekatriaphobia" (''Inside No. 9'')}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
[[File:Freitag der 13. im Kalender.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|Friday the 13th marked on a calendar]]
'''Friday the 13th''' is considered an unlucky day in [[Western culture|Western]] [[superstition]]. It occurs when the [[13th day of the month]] in the [[Gregorian calendar]] falls on a [[Friday]], which happens at least once every year but can occur up to three times in the same year.
For a month to have a Friday the 13th, the first day of the month must be a [[Sunday]].

== Origins ==

=== Unluckiness of 13 ===
{{main|Triskaidekaphobia}}
One source mentioned for the unlucky reputation of the number 13 is a [[Norse mythology|Norse myth]] about twelve gods having a dinner party in [[Valhalla]]. The trickster god [[Loki]], who was not invited, arrived as the thirteenth guest, and arranged for [[Höðr]], the god of darkness, to shoot [[Balder]], the god of joy and gladness, with a mistletoe-tipped arrow. Balder died, triggering much suffering in the world, which caused the number 13 to be considered unlucky.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/5/110513-friday-the-13th-superstitions-triskaidekaphobia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009112626/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/5/110513-friday-the-13th-superstitions-triskaidekaphobia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2019 |title=Friday the 13th Superstitions Rooted in Bible and More |website=[[National Geographic]]|last=Roach|first=John|date=May 14, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hutchinson |first=Sean |date=13 July 2018 |title=Why is Friday the 13th Considered Unlucky? |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52696/why-friday-13th-considered-unlucky |journal=[[Mental Floss]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713202751/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52696/why-friday-13th-considered-unlucky |archive-date=13 July 2018}}</ref>

==== Christian associations ====
[[File:Última Cena - Da Vinci 5.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|''[[The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)|The Last Supper]]'' by [[Leonardo da Vinci]]]]
The superstition seems to relate to various things, like the story of [[Jesus]]'s [[Last Supper]] and [[Crucifixion of Jesus|crucifixion]] in which there were thirteen individuals present in the [[Upper Room]] on the thirteenth of [[Nisan]] [[Maundy Thursday]], the night before his death on [[Good Friday]].{{efn|name=DellaContrada-2004-02-09-UBuff-quote|
There were 13 people at the [[upper room|table]] (at the [[Last Supper]]) and the 13th was [[Jesus]]. The Last Supper was on a [[Maundy Thursday|Thursday]], and the next day was [[Good Friday|Friday]], the day of [[crucifixion of Jesus|crucifixion]]. When '13' and Friday come together, it's a double whammy.<ref name=DellaContrada-2004-02-09-UBuff>
{{cite web
|last=Della Contrada |first=John
|date=9 February 2004
|title=Fear of "Friday the 13th may likely have originated from Jesus' last supper and crucifixion", says U.B. anthropologist
|url=http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2004/02/6576.html
|access-date=13 July 2014
|place=Buffalo, NY
|publisher=[[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|U. Buffalo / SUNY]]
}}
</ref>}}{{efn|name=Hartston-2007-quote|
In Christian tradition, fear of Friday the 13th stems from the day of the Crucifixion (Friday) and the number at the {{grey|[table at the]}} Last Supper (13 {{grey|[men]}}). Despite these origins, the Friday the 13th superstition dates back only to the Middle Ages.<ref name=Hartston-2007>
{{cite book
|last=Hartston |first=Willam |author-link=William Hartston
|year=2007
|title=Encyclopedia of Useless Information
|publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc.
|isbn=978-1402248382
|page=365
}}
</ref>
}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vyse |first=Stuart |date=13 October 2017 |title=Why we fear Friday the 13th |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/why-we-fear-friday-13th/index.html|author-link=Stuart Vyse |url-status=live |access-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414081425/https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/12/health/why-we-fear-friday-13th/index.html |archive-date=14 April 2021}}</ref>

=== In conjunction with Friday ===
While there is evidence of both Friday{{efn|[[Friday]] has been considered an unlucky day to undertake journeys or begin new projects at least since the 14th century, as witnessed by Chaucer's ''[[The Canterbury Tales|Canterbury Tales]]'' {{cite encyclopedia| last1=Opie | first1=Iona | last2=Tatem | first2=Moira|dictionary=A Dictionary of Superstitions | title=FRIDAY an unlucky day | publisher=Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780192829160.001.0001/acref-9780192829160-e-627|isbn=9780192829160|date=2003}}}} and the number 13<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| last1=Opie | first1=Iona | last2=Tatem | first2=Moira|dictionary=A Dictionary of Superstitions | title=THIRTEEN unlucky number | publisher=Oxford Reference |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780192829160.001.0001/acref-9780192829160-e-1438|isbn=9780192829160|date=2003}}</ref> being considered unlucky, there is no record of the two items being referred to as especially unlucky in conjunction before the 19th century.<ref name=Lachenmeyer-2004>
{{cite book
|first=Nathaniel |last=Lachenmeyer
|year=2004
|title=13: The Story of the World's Most Popular Superstition
|chapter=5
|publisher=Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated
|isbn=9780452284968
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sDXJ1s0YNAgC
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Clar |first=Mimi |author-link=Mimi Clar Melnick
|year=1957
|title=Friday the 13th
|journal=Western Folklore
|volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=62–63
|doi=10.2307/1497075 |jstor=1497075
}}
</ref>

====The Knights Templar====

Some cite [[History of the Knights Templar#Fall|the arrest of the Knights Templar]] on Friday, October 13, 1307, by officers of King Philip IV of France as the origin of the Friday the 13th superstition, but it is agreed the origins remain murky.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-10 |title=Friday the 13th - Origins, History & Superstition |url=https://www.history.com/topics/folklore/friday-the-13th |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128140418/https://www.history.com/topics/folklore/friday-the-13th |archive-date=2023-11-28 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source|date=October 2025}}

==== 19th century ====
[[File:Rossini by Grevedon.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|[[Gioachino Rossini]] by Henri Grevedon]]
In France, Friday 13th might have been associated with misfortune as early as the first half of the 19th century. A character in the 1834 play ''Les Finesses des Gribouilles'' states, "I was born on a Friday, December 13th, 1813 from which come all of my misfortunes".<ref>{{cite web |last=Hall |first=Stephanie |date=12 January 2017 |title=Who's Afraid of Friday the Thirteenth? | Folklife Today |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/folklife/2017/01/whos-afraid-of-friday-the-thirteenth/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818131009/https://blogs.loc.gov/folklife/2017/01/whos-afraid-of-friday-the-thirteenth/ |archive-date=August 18, 2025}}</ref>

An early documented reference in English occurs in [[Henry Sutherland Edwards|H. S. Edwards']] biography of [[Gioachino Rossini]], who died on Friday 13th of November 1868:
:"Rossini was surrounded to the last by admiring friends; and if it be true that, like so many Italians, he regarded Fridays as an unlucky day and thirteen as an unlucky number, it is remarkable that on Friday 13th of November he passed away."<ref>
{{cite book
|first=H. S. |last=Edwards |author-link=Henry Sutherland Edwards
|year=1869
|title=The Life of Rossini
|publisher=Blackett
|page=340
}}
</ref>

==== Dissemination ====
It is possible that the publication in 1907 of [[Thomas W. Lawson (businessman)|T. W. Lawson]]'s popular novel ''Friday, the Thirteenth'',<ref>
{{cite book |last=Lawson |first=Thomas W. |author-link=Thomas W. Lawson (businessman) |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12345/12345-h/12345-h.htm |title=Friday, the Thirteenth |date=February 1907 |magazine= |year=1907 |edition=1st |access-date=13 May 2011 |via=[[Gutenberg.org]]}}
</ref>
contributed to popularizing the superstition. In the novel, an unscrupulous [[broker]] takes advantage of the superstition to create a [[Wall Street]] panic on a Friday the 13th.<ref name=Lachenmeyer-2004/>

== Occurrence ==

=== Distribution ===
Each 400-year [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] [[Solar cycle (calendar)|solar cycle]] contains 146,097 days (with 97 [[leap year|leap days]]) or exactly 20,871 weeks. Each cycle contains the same pattern of days of the week and therefore the same pattern of Fridays that are on the 13th. The 13th day of the month is very slightly more likely to be a Friday than any other day of the week.<ref>{{cite news |author=Bodin, Magnus |date=13 November 1998 |title=About the date+day distribution along the epoch |website=x42 |url=http://x42.com/datelab/daydist.shtml |access-date=30 January 2014}}
</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=B.H. |last1=Brown |first2=Raphael |last2=Robinson |name-list-style=amp |year=1933 |title=Solution to problem E36 |journal=[[American Mathematical Monthly]] |volume=40 |issue=10 |page=607|doi=10.2307/2301694 |jstor=2301694 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Meeus |first=J. |author-link=Jean Meeus |year=2007 |title=Mathematical Astronomy Morsels IV |page=367}}</ref>

:{| class=wikitable style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Distribution of the 13th day per weekday over 4,800 months (400 years)
|- style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center"
! Day of the week
! Monday || Tuesday || Wednesday || Thursday || Friday || Saturday || Sunday
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Occurrences
| 685 || 685 || 687 || 684 || '''688''' || 684 || 687
|}

Any month that starts on a Sunday contains a Friday the 13th, and there is at least one Friday the 13th in every calendar year.
The months with a Friday the 13th are determined by the [[Dominical letter]] (G, F, GF, etc.) of the year. Years which begin on the same day of the week and are of the same type (i.e. [[common year]] or [[leap year]]), will have a Friday the 13th in the same months.

This sequence, given here for 1900–2099, follows a 28-year cycle from 1 March 1900 to 28 February 2100:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Months with the 13th on a Friday for years from 1900 through 2100
|- style="vertical-align:center;"
! Years during which a Friday the 13th occurs in the month to the right (current and subsequent year are marked in bold)
! {{small|Month with its 13th on a Friday}}
! {{small|Year length and weekday of January the 1st}}
! {{small|Year's [[Dominical letter|dominical letter]]}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1905, 1911, 1922, 1928, 1933, 1939, 1950, 1956, 1961, 1967, 1978, 1984, 1989, 1995; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2006, 2012, 2017, 2023, 2034, 2040, 2045, 2051, 2062, 2068, 2073, 2079, 2090, 2096
| '''January'''
| [[Common year starting on Sunday|365: Sunday]] [[Leap year starting on Sunday|366: Sunday]]
| '''A''' '''A'''G
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1903, 1914, 1920, 1925, 1931, 1942, 1948, 1953, 1959, 1970, 1976, 1981, 1987, 1998; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2004, 2009, 2015, '''2026''', 2032, 2037, 2043, 2054, 2060, 2065, 2071, 2082, 2088, 2093, 2099
| '''February'''
| [[Common year starting on Thursday|365: Thursday]] [[Leap year starting on Thursday|366: Thursday]]
| '''D''' '''D'''C
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1903, 1908, 1914, 1925, 1931, 1936, 1942, 1953, 1959, 1964, 1970, 1981, 1987, 1992; 1998; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2009, 2015, 2020, '''2026''', 2037, 2043, 2048, 2054, 2065, 2071, 2076, 2082, 2093, 2099
| '''March'''
| [[Common year starting on Thursday|365: Thursday]] [[Leap year starting on Wednesday|366: Wednesday]]
| '''D''' E'''D'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1900, 1906, 1917, 1923, 1928, 1934, 1945, 1951, 1956, 1962, 1973, 1979, 1984; 1990; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2001, 2007, 2012, 2018, 2029, 2035, 2040, 2046, 2057, 2063, 2068, 2074, 2085, 2091, 2096
| '''April'''
| [[Common year starting on Monday|365: Monday]] [[Leap year starting on Sunday|366: Sunday]]
| '''G''' A'''G'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1904, 1910, 1921, 1927, 1932, 1938, 1949, 1955, 1960, 1966, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2005, 2011, 2016, 2022, 2033, 2039, 2044, 2050, 2061, 2067, 2072, 2078, 2089, 2095
| '''May'''
| [[Common year starting on Saturday|365: Saturday]] [[Leap year starting on Friday|366: Friday]]
| '''B''' C'''B'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1902, 1913, 1919, 1924, 1930, 1941, 1947, 1952, 1958, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1986, 1997; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2003, 2008, 2014, 2025, 2031, 2036, 2042, 2053, 2059, 2064, 2070, 2081, 2087, 2092, 2098
| '''June'''
| [[Common year starting on Wednesday|365: Wednesday]] [[Leap year starting on Tuesday|366: Tuesday]]
| '''E''' F'''E'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1900, 1906, 1917, 1923, 1928, 1934, 1945, 1951, 1956, 1962, 1973, 1979, 1984, 1990; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2001, 2007, 2012, 2018, 2029, 2035, 2040, 2046, 2057, 2063, 2068, 2074, 2085, 2091, 2096
| '''July'''
| [[Common year starting on Monday|365: Monday]] [[Leap year starting on Sunday|366: Sunday]]
| '''G''' A'''G'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1909, 1915, 1920, 1926, 1937, 1943, 1948, 1954, 1965, 1971, 1976, 1982, 1993, 1999; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2004, 2010, 2021, '''2027''', 2032, 2038, 2049, 2055, 2060, 2066, 2077, 2083, 2088, 2094, 2100
| '''August'''
| [[Common year starting on Friday|365: Friday]] [[Leap year starting on Thursday|366: Thursday]]
| '''C''' D'''C'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1901, 1907, 1912, 1918, 1929, 1935, 1940, 1946, 1957, 1963, 1968, 1974, 1985, 1991, 1996; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2002, 2013, 2019, 2024, 2030, 2041, 2047, 2052, 2058, 2069, 2075, 2080, 2086, 2097
| '''September'''
| [[Common year starting on Tuesday|365: Tuesday]] [[Leap year starting on Monday|366: Monday]]
| '''F''' G'''F'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1905, 1911, 1916, 1922, 1933, 1939, 1944, 1950, 1961, 1967, 1972, 1978, 1989, 1995, 2000; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2006, 2017, 2023, 2028, 2034, 2045, 2051, 2056, 2062, 2073, 2079, 2084, 2090
| '''October'''
| [[Common year starting on Sunday|365: Sunday]] [[Leap year starting on Saturday|366: Saturday]]
| '''A''' B'''A'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1903, 1908, 1914, 1925, 1931, 1936, 1942, 1953, 1959, 1964, 1970, 1981, 1987, 1992, 1998; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2009, 2015, 2020, '''2026''', 2037, 2043, 2048, 2054, 2065, 2071, 2076, 2082, 2093, 2099
| '''November'''
| [[Common year starting on Thursday|365: Thursday]] [[Leap year starting on Wednesday|366: Wednesday]]
|style="text-align:center"| '''D''' E'''D'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|style="text-align:left;"| {{grey|'''20th-century:'''}} 1901, 1907, 1912, 1918, 1929, 1935, 1940, 1946, 1957, 1963, 1968, 1974, 1985, 1991, 1996; {{grey|'''21st-century:'''}} 2002, 2013, 2019, 2024, 2030, 2041, 2047, 2052, 2058, 2069, 2075, 2080, 2086, 2097
| '''December'''
| [[Common year starting on Tuesday|365: Tuesday]] [[Leap year starting on Monday|366: Monday]]
| '''F''' G'''F'''
|}

=== Frequency ===
Although there is always at least one Friday the 13th per [[calendar year]], it can be as long as 14 months between two Friday the 13ths.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Solomon |last=Golomb |date=September 2007 |title=Solutions to 'Calendar oddities' |department=Golomb's Gambits |magazine=Johns Hopkins Magazine |volume=59 |issue=4 |url=http://pages.jh.edu/jhumag/0907web/golomb2.html}}</ref> The longest period that occurs without a Friday the 13th is 14 months, either from July to September the following year being a [[common year starting on Tuesday]] [[Dominical letter|(F)]] (e.g. 2018–19 and 2029-30), or from August to October the following year being a [[leap year starting on Saturday]] [[Dominical letter|(BA)]] (e.g. 1999–2000 and 2027–28). The shortest period that occurs with a Friday the 13th is just one month, from February to March in a [[common year starting on Thursday]] [[Dominical letter|(D)]] (e.g. 2026 and 2037).

On average, there is a Friday the 13th once every 212.35 days. Friday the 13ths occurs with an average frequency of 1.7218 per year or about 3477 since the year 1 CE.

==== Frequency within a single year ====
There can be no more than three Friday the 13ths in a single calendar year; either in February, March, and November in a [[common year starting on Thursday]] (such as 2026 or 2037) (D), or January, April, and July in a [[leap year starting on Sunday]] (such as 2012 or 2040) [[Dominical letter|(AG)]].<ref name="Kher-13Facts-TaD">{{cite web |last=Kher |first=Aparna |title=13 Facts about Friday the 13th |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/13-things-friday-13.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260207210905/https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/13-things-friday-13.html |archive-date=February 7, 2026 |website=Time and Date (timeanddate.com)}}</ref>

In the 2000s, there were three Friday the 13ths in 2009, and two Friday the 13ths in 2001, 2002, 2006, and 2007. In the 2010s, there were three Friday the 13ths in 2012 and 2015, and two in 2013, 2017, 2018, and 2019.<ref name="Fri-13-months-days-TaD">
{{cite web |title=Months and years having Friday the 13th |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/weekday-friday-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260212161541/https://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/weekday-friday-13 |archive-date=February 12, 2026 |website=Time and Date (timeanddate.com)}}
</ref> In the 2020s, there were two Friday the 13ths in 2020, 2023 and 2024, as will be for 2029. There will also be three Friday the 13ths in 2026.<ref name=Fri-13-months-days-TaD/> The remaining years all have one Friday the 13th.<ref name=Fri-13-months-days-TaD/>

For the details see the table below; this table is for the Gregorian calendar and {{red|Jan}}/{{red|Feb}} for {{red|leap years}}:

:{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|- style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center"
! Year [[modular arithmetic|modulo]] 28 || {{red|1600 2000}} || 1700 2100 || 1800 2200 || 1900 2300 || Year [[modular arithmetic|modulo]] 28
|-
| {{red|00}} 06 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 17 23 || Jan Oct || {{red|Feb}} Aug || Jun || {{red|Jan}} Apr Jul || {{red|00}} 06 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 17 23
|-
| 01 07 {{red|12}} 18 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} || {{red|Jan}} Apr Jul || May || Feb Mar Nov || Sep Dec || 01 07 {{red|12}} 18 {{figure space}}{{figure space}}
|-
| 02 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 13 19 {{red|24}} || Sep Dec || Jan Oct || {{red|Feb}} Aug || Jun || 02 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 13 19 {{red|24}}
|-
| 03 {{red|08}} 14 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 25 || Jun || {{red|Jan}} Apr Jul || May || Feb Mar Nov || 03 {{red|08}} 14 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 25
|-
| {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 09 15 {{red|20}} 26 || Feb Mar Nov || Sep Dec || Jan Oct || {{red|Feb}} Aug || {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 09 15 {{red|20}} 26
|-
| {{red|04}} 10 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 21 27 || {{red|Feb}} Aug || Jun || {{red|Jan}} Apr Jul || May || {{red|04}} 10 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} 21 27
|-
| 05 11 {{red|16}} 22 {{figure space}}{{figure space}} || May || Feb Mar Nov || Sep Dec || Jan Oct || 05 11 {{red|16}} 22 {{figure space}}{{figure space}}
|}

==Social influence==
According to the Stress Management Center and Phobia Institute in [[Asheville, North Carolina]], an estimated 17–21 million people in the United States are affected by ''paraskavedekatriaphobia'', the fear of Friday the 13th, making it the most feared day and date in history. Some people are so paralyzed by fear that they avoid their normal routines in doing business, taking flights or even getting out of bed. It has been estimated that [[United States dollar|US$]] 800–900 million is lost in business on this day.<ref>
{{cite news
|author=Roach, John
|date=12 August 2004
|title=Friday the 13th phobia rooted in ancient history
|website=National Geographic News
|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0212_040212_friday13.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603014858/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0212_040212_friday13.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=3 June 2004
|access-date=29 October 2008
}}
</ref>
Despite this, representatives for both [[Delta Air Lines]] and [[Continental Airlines]] (the latter now merged into United Airlines) have stated that their airlines do not suffer from any noticeable drop in travel on those Fridays.<ref>
{{cite magazine
|first=Josh |last=Sens
|date=January–February 2004
|title=Friday the 13th: Lucky or unlucky
|magazine=Via Magazine
|publisher=[[American Automobile Association]]
|url=http://www.viamagazine.com/travel-tips/friday-13th-lucky-or-unlucky
|url-status=dead |access-date=2021-08-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816035352/http://www.viamagazine.com/travel-tips/friday-13th-lucky-or-unlucky
|archive-date=2010-08-16
|quote=When the 13th of the month falls on a Friday, do you join the 21 million Americans who suffer paraskevidekatriaphobia?
}}
</ref>

In [[Finland]], a consortium of governmental and nongovernmental organizations led by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health promotes the [[National Accident Day (Finland)|National Accident Day]] (''kansallinen tapaturmapäivä'') to raise awareness about automotive safety, which always falls on a Friday the 13th.<ref>{{cite web
|date=27 Jun 2013
|title=Tapaturmapäivä 13.9.2013: erityisteemana työpaikkojen turvallisuustyö
|language=fi
|trans-title=Accident day 13 Sep 2013: Special workplace safety work
|website=tyosuojelu.fi
|url=http://www.tyosuojelu.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/5757
|access-date=2014-04-28 |url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429045702/http://www.tyosuojelu.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/5757
|archive-date=29 April 2014
}}
</ref>
The event is coordinated by the [[Finnish Red Cross]] and has been held since 1995.<ref>
{{Cite web |last=Tikkanen |first=Tiina |date=30 March 2016 |title=Mikä on Tapaturmapäivä? |url=http://www.kotitapaturma.fi/mika-on-tapaturmapaiva/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909000345/http://www.kotitapaturma.fi/mika-on-tapaturmapaiva/ |archive-date=2018-09-09 |access-date=2018-01-09 |website=www.kotitapaturma.fi |language=fi}}
</ref>

=== Rate of accidents ===
A study by Scanlon, Luben, Scanlon, & Singleton (1993)<ref name=Scanlon-Luben-Scanlon-Singleton-1993>
{{cite journal
|last1=Scanlon |first1=T.J. |last2=Luben |first2=R.N.
|last3=Scanlon |first3=F.L. |last4=Singleton |first4=N.
|date=1993-12-18
|title=Is Friday the 13th bad for your health?
|journal=[[British Medical Journal]]
|volume=307 |issue=6919 |pages=1584–1586
|language=en |doi=10.1136/bmj.307.6919.1584
|issn=0959-8138 |pmid=8292946 |pmc=1697765
}}
</ref>
attracted attention from popular science literature,{{efn|name=Melina-2012-01-13-quote|
For starters, a 1993 study published in the [[British Medical Journal]] indicates otherwise: Researchers analyzed the traffic flow and number of injuries from car accidents on the southern section of London's [[M25 motorway]] during the five months that the 13th fell on a Friday between 1990 and 1992. They compared these numbers to data collected on Friday the 6th of the same months, and found that although there are consistently fewer vehicles on the road during the 13th – possibly as a result of superstitious people choosing not to drive that day, the researchers proposed – "the risk of hospital admission as a result of a transport accident may be increased by as much as 52 percent" on the 13th.<ref name=Melina-2012-01-13>
{{cite web
|last=Melina |first=Remy
|date=13 January 2012
|title=Statistically speaking, is Friday the 13th really unlucky?
|website=[[Live Science]] |language=en
|url=https://www.livescience.com/17900-statistically-speaking-friday-13th-unlucky.html |access-date=13 April 2018
}}
</ref>
}}{{efn|name=Gawande-1998-03-20-quote|
The study compared hospital admissions for traffic accidents on a Friday the 13th with those on a Friday the 6th in a community outside London. Despite a lower highway traffic volume on the 13th than on the 6th, admissions for traffic accident victims increased 52 percent on the 13th.<ref name=Gawande-1998-03-20>
{{cite magazine
|author=Gawande, A. |author-link=Atul Gawande
|date=20 March 1998
|title=When a full moon and a lunar eclipse collide with Friday the 13th, do more accidents really happen?
|magazine=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |lang=en
|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/1998/03/er_and_the_triple_hex.html
|access-date=13 April 2018
}}
</ref>
}}
as it concluded that "the risk of hospital admission as a result of a transport accident ''may'' be increased by as much as 52 percent on the 13th";<ref name=Scanlon-Luben-Scanlon-Singleton-1993/>{{rp|page=1584}}
however, the authors clearly state that "the numbers of admissions from accidents are too small to allow meaningful analysis".<ref name=Scanlon-Luben-Scanlon-Singleton-1993/>{{rp|page=1586}}
Subsequent studies have disproved any correlation between Friday the 13th and the rate of accidents.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last1=Lo |first1=Bruce M.
|last2=Visintainer |first2=Catherine M.
|last3=Best |first3=Heidi A.
|last4=Beydoun |first4=Hind A.
|date=July 2012
|title=Answering the myth: Use of emergency services on Friday the 13th
|journal=[[The American Journal of Emergency Medicine]]
|volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=886–889
|doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2011.06.008 |pmid=21855260
}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite journal
|first1=Jochen |last1=Schuld |first2=Jan E. |last2=Slotta
|first3=Simone |last3=Schuld |first4=Otto |last4=Kollmar
|first5=Martin K. |last5=Schilling |first6=Sven |last6=Richter
|date=2011-09-01
|title=Popular belief meets surgical reality: Impact of Lunar phases, Friday the 13th, and Zodiac signs on emergency operations and intraoperative blood loss
|journal=[[World Journal of Surgery]]
|volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=1945–1949
|language=en |doi=10.1007/s00268-011-1166-8
|pmid=21713579|s2cid=23787395 |issn=0364-2313
}}
</ref>

On 12 June 2008 the Dutch Centre for Insurance Statistics stated to the contrary, that "fewer accidents and reports of fire and theft occur when the 13th of the month falls on a Friday than on other Fridays, because people are preventatively more careful or just stay home. Statistically speaking, driving is slightly safer on Friday the 13th, at least in the [[Netherlands]]; in the last two years, Dutch insurers received reports of an average 7,800 traffic accidents each Friday; but the average figure when the 13th fell on a Friday was just 7,500."<ref>
{{cite news |date=13 June 2008 |title=Friday 13th is no longer unlucky |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/friday-13th-is-no-longer-unlucky-313210 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110054940/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/friday-13th-is-no-longer-unlucky-313210 |archive-date=10 January 2018 |website=Mirror (mirror.co.uk) |publisher=[[Daily Mirror]] |orig-year=13 Jun 2008}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news |last=van der Struik |first=Tineke |date=2008-06-13 |editor-last=Evans |editor-first=Catherine |title=Friday 13th not more unlucky, Dutch study shows |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKL1268660720080613 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206053052/http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKL1268660720080613 |archive-date=6 December 2008 |work=[[Reuters]]}}
</ref>

=== Tattoo Holiday ===
In recent years, Friday the 13th has emerged as a holiday for tattoo parlors and enthusiasts; with many shops running for 24 hours, and offering [[Flash (tattoo)|flash tattoos]] featuring the number 13 in the design.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weiler |first=Lauren |date=July 13, 2018 |title=How 1 Famous Tattoo Artist Started the Ritual of $13 Tattoos on Friday the 13th |url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/culture/how-1-famous-tattoo-artist-started-the-ritual-of-13-tattoos-on-friday-the-13th.html/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415175855/https://www.cheatsheet.com/culture/how-1-famous-tattoo-artist-started-the-ritual-of-13-tattoos-on-friday-the-13th.html/ |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=2024-12-13 |work=Showbiz Cheat Sheet}}</ref> Some claim that having a number 13 tattoo can be an antidote to bad luck. According to [[Oliver Peck]]: "Bad luck would come your way, it would see the number 13, see that bad luck is already there, and it would pass on by."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Grimm |first=Beca |date=October 13, 2017 |title=How Friday the 13th Became Black Friday for Tattoos |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-friday-the-13th-became-black-friday-for-tattoos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913234932/https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-friday-the-13th-became-black-friday-for-tattoos/ |archive-date=September 13, 2024 |access-date=December 13, 2024 |work=Vice News}}</ref>

== Similar dates ==
Similar dates are prevalent in many cultures, although it is unclear whether these similarities are in any way historically connected or only coincidental.

=== Tuesday the 13th in Hispanic and Greek culture ===
In [[List of countries where Spanish is an official language|Hispanic countries]], instead of Friday, Tuesday the 13th (''martes trece'') is considered a day of bad luck.<ref name="Falcón-Falcón-1998">
{{cite book
|last1=Falcón |first1=Rafael
|last2=Falcón |first2=Christine Yoder
|year=1998
|title=Salsa: A taste of Hispanic culture
|page=64
|publisher=Praeger
|isbn=0-275-96121-4
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=os7DMzXq1rcC&pg=PA64
|via=Google Books
}}
</ref>

The Greeks also consider Tuesday (and especially the 13th) an unlucky day.<ref name="Chrysopoulos-2015-10-13">
{{cite web |last1=Chrysopoulos |first1=Philip |date=13 October 2015 |title=Why superstitious Greeks fear Tuesday the 13th |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/10/13/why-superstitious-greeks-fear-tuesday-the-13th/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214542/http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/10/13/why-superstitious-greeks-fear-tuesday-the-13th/ |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=31 October 2016 |website=Greek Reporter}}
</ref> Tuesday is considered dominated by the influence of [[Ares]], the god of war (or [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]], the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] equivalent). The fall of Constantinople to the [[Fourth Crusade]] occurred on [[Siege of Constantinople (1204)|Tuesday 13 April 1204]], and the [[Fall of Constantinople]] to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] happened on Tuesday 29 May 1453, events that strengthen the superstition about Tuesday. In addition, in [[Greek language|Greek]] the name of the day is ''Triti'' (Τρίτη) meaning the third (day of the week), adding weight to the superstition, since bad luck is said to "come in threes".<ref name=Chrysopoulos-2015-10-13/>

There is a Tuesday the 13th in months that begin on a Thursday.

===Friday the 17th in Italy===
[[File:Alitalia-17.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|An [[Alitalia]] airplane without the row 17]]
In Italian popular culture, Friday the 17th (and not the 13th) is considered a bad luck day.<ref>
{{cite news
|first=Carlo |last=Grande
|date=17 February 2012
|title=Venerdì 17 porta davvero sfortuna?
|newspaper=[[La Stampa]]
|url=http://www3.lastampa.it/domande-risposte/articolo/lstp/442871/
|access-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead |language=it
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818234142/http://www3.lastampa.it/domande-risposte/articolo/lstp/442871/
|archive-date=18 August 2012
}}
</ref>
The origin of this belief could be traced in the writing of the number 17, in [[Roman numerals]]: XVII. By shuffling the digits of the number one can get the [[Latin]] ''[[wikt:vixi|vīxī]]'' ("I have lived", implying death at present), an omen of bad luck.<ref>
{{cite web |author=Harris |first=Nick |date=15 November 2007 |title=Bad omen for Italy as their unlucky number comes up |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/bad-omen-for-italy-as-their-unlucky-number-comes-up-400380.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101082018/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/bad-omen-for-italy-as-their-unlucky-number-comes-up-400380.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=[[The Independent]]}}
</ref>
In fact, in Italy, 13 is generally considered a lucky number,<ref>
{{cite web
|title=Venerdì 13 porta (s)fortuna? Non in Italia
|website=cafebabel.com
|url=http://www.cafebabel.it/article/24987/venerdi-13-17-fortuna-sfortuna-italia.html
|access-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead |language=it
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608183526/http://www.cafebabel.it/article/24987/venerdi-13-17-fortuna-sfortuna-italia.html
|archive-date=8 June 2013
}}</ref> although some people may consider 13 an unlucky number as well due to Americanization.

The 2000 parody film ''[[Shriek if You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth]]'' was released in Italy with the title ''Shriek – Hai impegni per venerdì 17?'' ("''Shriek – Do You Have Something to Do on Friday the 17th?''").{{cn|date=September 2024}}

There is a Friday the 17th in months that begin on a Wednesday.

==See also==
* [[13 (number)]]
* [[Ides of March]]
* [[List of bad luck signs]]
* [[Solar cycle (calendar)]]
* [[St. Brice's Day massacre]]
* [[Triskaidekaphobia]]
* [[Tycho Brahe days]]

==Footnotes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary| paraskavedekatriaphobia}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{cite magazine
|first=Josh |last=Sens
|date=January–February 2004
|title=Friday the 13th: Lucky or unlucky
|magazine=Via Magazine
|publisher=[[American Automobile Association]]
|url=http://www.viamagazine.com/travel-tips/friday-13th-lucky-or-unlucky
|url-status=dead |access-date=2021-08-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816035352/http://www.viamagazine.com/travel-tips/friday-13th-lucky-or-unlucky
|archive-date=2010-08-16
|quote=When the 13th of the month falls on a Friday, do you join the 21 million Americans who suffer paraskevidekatriaphobia?
}}
* {{cite web
|title=13 years of Friday the 13th!
|website=Robslink.com
|url=http://robslink.com/SAS/democd42/friday13.htm
}} — multi-year calendar with Fri 13s marked
* {{cite web
|first=Larry |last=Williams
|date=13 August 2010
|title=Friday the 13th
|website=dailyspeculations.com
|url=http://www.dailyspeculations.com/wordpress/?p=5122
}} — article examines [[S&P 500|S&P 500]] index performance on Fri 13s
* {{cite web
|author=asxiq
|date=12 January 2012
|title=Friday the 13th performance on "All Ords" index
|website=asxiq – all stats and no friction (asxiq.com)
|type=blog
|url=http://asxiq.com/blog/all-ords-and-paraskevidekatriaphobia/
|url-status=usurped |access-date=2021-08-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054339/http://asxiq.com/blog/all-ords-and-paraskevidekatriaphobia/
|archive-date=2012-01-18
|quote=PS: For those suffering from ''friggatriskaidekaphobia'', hey, tomorrow is Saturday.
}} — examines [[All Ordinaries Index]] ("All Ords") for 1 Jan 1985 – 12 Jan 1985

{{Superstitions}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Friday the 13th| ]]
[[Category:Luck]]
[[Category:Superstitions of Europe]]
[[Category:Superstitions of the Americas]]
[[Category:Unofficial observances]]
[[Category:Friday]]

Charummoodu

2026-03-22T19:57:21Z

Nonebotnone50: fixed information for consistency and fixed typos

{{Short description|Junction and town in Kerala, India}}
[[File:Chunakkara kettukazcha.jpg|thumb|chunakkara kettukazcha ]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}
[[File:Kettukala Puthupallikunnam kara Nooranad Charummoodu.jpg|thumb|Kettukala from Charummoodu at [[Padanilam]] Sivarathri]]
'''Charummoodu''' is a major junction and town in [[Mavelikkara]] taluk of the [[Alappuzha district]], of [[Kerala]] state in [[India]]. Charummoodu is fast growing town in southeast borders of Alappuzha.The Vetticode Nagaraja Temple is located 4 kilometers from the town. Chunakkara thiruvayiroor mahadeva temple, one is the most important shiva temple in kerala is about 2 kilometers away.

The junction between Kayamkulam - Punalur Road and Kollam - Theni National Highway 183 is at Charummoodu.The strategic location of Charummoodu makes it a transportation hub. Charummoodu connects the villages of Nooranadu, Thamarakkulam, Chunakkara, etc. To Kayamkulam and Mavelikkara towns

GVHSS Chunakkara is one of the major schools in this region. VVHSS Thamarakkulam and CBM HSS Nooranadu are also situated in this region. Sree Budha College of Engineering is the main engineering institution here.

==Locations==
It is located 12 km from [[Kayamkulam]] town. It is a main junction on the intersection of [[State Highway 5 (Kerala)|SH-5]] (KP Road [[Kayamkulam]] - [[Punalur]] road) and [[National Highway 183 (India)]], connecting [[Kollam]] and [[Theni]]. Charummoodu is located at the border of the [[Mavelikkara Thamarakkulam|Thamarakkulam]], [[Nooranad]] and [[Chunakkara]] Panchayaths and the second largest town in the Mavelikkara Taluk. There is a proposal to form Charummoodu Panchayath by joining parts of [[Chunakkara]], [[Nooranad]] and [[Thamarakkulam]] panchayaths.

==Notable residents ==

* [[O. Madhavan]] – playwright, director, social activist, drama, doctor.
* B. Aburaj – poet, educationalist, and journalist. Director State Institute of Educational Technology (SIET, Kerala) and director of the State Institute of Educational Management and Training (SIEMAT, Kerala) General Education Department, Government of Kerala. Asst private secretary to Minister for Home and Tourism from 2006 to 2011. Sub editor in Deshabhimani Daily and Editor of The Commercial, Business Magazine from Muscat.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
1.http://www.sietkerala.gov.in/
2.http://www.sietkerala.gov.in/news-aburaj-director-siet-releases-gothramozhi-digital-contents-for-school-students-in-four-tribal-languages-at-diet-sulthan-bathery-wayanad-on-21st-jan-20201
3.[https://siemat.kerala.gov.in/ in Alappuzha district]

{{Alappuzha-geo-stub}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Alappuzha district]]

National Pension System

2026-03-21T17:52:29Z

Nonebotnone50: expanded section after review

{{short description|Pension scheme in India}}
{{For|the generic concept|National pension (disambiguation){{!}}National pension}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Update|date=August 2016}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2020}}}}

{{Infobox organization
| name = National Pension System
| full_name =
| logo = Nsdl logo.png
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map2 =
| map2_size =
| map2_alt =
| map2_caption =
| abbreviation = NPS
| nickname =
| pronounce =
| pronounce ref =
| pronounce comment =
| pronounce 2 =
| named_after =
| predecessor = [[Old Pension Scheme]]
| merged =
| successor =
| formation = {{start date and age|2004|01|01}}
| founder =
| founding_location =
| dissolved =
| merger =
| type = Pension cum investment scheme launched by [[Government of India]]
| vat_id =
| registration_id = 
| status = Regulated by [[Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority]]
| purpose = Provide defined-contribution based pension for retirees and extend old age security coverage to all citizens
| professional_title =
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]]
| location_city = NPS Trust; 14th Floor, IFCI Tower, 61, Nehru Place, New Delhi, Delhi 110019
| location_country =
| location_city2 =
| location_country2 =
| addnl_location_city =
| addnl_location_country =
| addnl_location_city2 =
| addnl_location_country2 =
| coordinates = 
| origins =
| region_served = 
| products = *NPS-Central Govt.
*NPS-State Govt.
*NPS-Corporate Sector
*NPS-All Citizens of India (''since {{start date and age|2009|05|01}}'')
*NPS Lite (''since {{start date and age|2010|04|01}}'')
*NPS Swavalamban and
*Atal Pension Yojana (APY) (''since {{start date and age|2015|06|01}}'')
| services =
| methods =
| fields =
| membership = 6,35,43,628 Subscribers
| membership_year = 30 April 2023
| language =
| owner = 
| sec_gen = 
| leader_title = [[Assets under management|AUM]]
| leader_name = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|898954|c}} (April 2023)
| leader_title2 = Government Sector Subscribers (April 2023)
| leader_name2 = *Union Govt Employees 24,06,216
*State Govt Employees 61,19,900
| leader_title3 = Private Sector Subscribers (April 2023)
| leader_name3 = *Corporate Employees 17,14,011
* Unorganized 29,83,484
| leader_title4 = Other Subscribers (April 2023)
| leader_name4 = *NPS Swavalamban 41,73,888
*Atal Pension Yojana 4,61,46,129
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization = NPS Trust
| subsidiaries =
| secessions =
| affiliations = *Central Record Keeping Agency (CRA)
* Pension Funds (PFs)
* Trustee Bank (TB)
*Points of Presence (PoPs)
*Custodian
*Retirement Advisor
* Annuity Service Provider
| ror_id = 
| budget =
| budget_year =
| revenue =
| revenue_year =
| disbursements =
| expenses =
| expenses_year =
| endowment =
| endowment_year =
| funding = 
| staff =
| staff_year =
| volunteers =
| volunteers_year =
| students =
| students_year =
| awards =
| website = {{Official website}}
| remarks =
| formerly = 
| footnotes = Department of Financial Services, [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] - [[Government of India]]
| bodystyle =
}}
{{Politics of India}}
{{Socialism sidebar}}
The '''National Pension System''' ('''NPS''') is a defined-contribution [[pension]] system in [[India]] regulated by the [[Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority]] (PFRDA) which is under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] of the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/how-to-generate-a-monthly-pension-of-rs-1-lakh-from-nps-11678806148550.html|title=How to generate a monthly pension of Rs.1 lakh from NPS?|work=mint |date=14 March 2023|access-date=6 July 2023|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818134306/https://www.livemint.com/money/personal-finance/how-to-generate-a-monthly-pension-of-rs-1-lakh-from-nps-11678806148550.html|url-status=live |last1=Das |first1=Vipul }}</ref> '''National Pension System Trust''' ('''NPS Trust''') was established by PFRDA as per the provisions of the Indian Trusts Act of 1882 to take care of the assets and funds under this scheme for the best interest of the subscriber.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is National Pension System? |url=https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/all-faq-about-nps.php |website=npscra.nsdl.co.in |publisher=Protean eGov Technologies Limited |access-date=20 February 2023 |archive-date=21 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421012602/https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/all-faq-about-nps.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

NPS Trust is the registered owner of all assets under the NPS architecture which is held for the benefit of the subscribers under NPS. The securities are purchased by Pension Funds on behalf of, and in the name of the Trustees, however individual NPS subscribers remain the beneficial owner of the securities, assets, and funds. NPS Trust, under the NPS Trust regulations, is responsible for monitoring the operational and functional activities of NPS intermediaries’ viz. custodian, Pension Funds, Trustee Bank, Central Recordkeeping Agency, Point of Presence, Aggregators, and of [[Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority|IRDAI]]-registered Annuity Service Providers (empanelled with PFRDA) and also for providing directions/advisory to PF(s) for protecting the interest of subscribers, ensuring compliance through an audit by Independent Auditors, and Performance review of Pension Funds etc.

National Pension System, like [[Public Provident Fund (India)|PPF]] and [[Employees' Provident Fund Organisation|EPF]], is an EEE (Exempt-Exempt-Exempt) instrument in India where the entire corpus escapes tax at maturity and the entire pension withdrawal amount is tax-free.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/kJKDNzxTJ6FH2gon7SXntN/Govt-brings-NPS-on-a-par-with-PF-makes-it-taxfree.html|title=Govt brings NPS on a par with PF, makes it tax-free|first=Gireesh Chandra|last=Prasad|date=10 December 2018|website=mint|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210215603/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/kJKDNzxTJ6FH2gon7SXntN/Govt-brings-NPS-on-a-par-with-PF-makes-it-taxfree.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The '''New Pension Scheme''' was implemented with the decision of the [[Government of India|Union Government]] to replace the [[Old Pension Scheme]] which had defined-benefit pensions for all its employees. Notification No. 5/7/2003-ECB issued by the Ministry of Finance ([[Department of Economic Affairs (India)|Department of Economic Affairs]]) in a Press Release dated 22 December 2003 mandated NPS for all new recruits (except armed forces) joining government services from 1 January 2004<ref>{{cite news |title=Reversion to old pension scheme |url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1539258 |access-date=20 February 2023 |work=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions |agency=[[Press Information Bureau]] |publisher=Government of India |date=19 July 2018 |location=New Delhi |archive-date=20 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220110145/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1539258 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the scheme was initially designed for government employees only, it was opened up for all citizens of India between the age of 18 and 65 in 2009, for OCI card holders and PIO's in October 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/national-pension-system-retirement-plan-all|title=National Pension System - Retirement Plan for All|website=National Portal of India|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422125902/https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/national-pension-system-retirement-plan-all|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 August 2021, PFRDA increased the entry age for the National Pension System (NPS) from 65 years to 70 years. As per the revised norms, any Indian Citizen, resident or non-resident, and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) between the age of 18–70 years can join NPS and continue or defer their NPS Account up to the age of 75 years.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 August 2021|title=Subject: Increase of Entry Age up to 70 Years under NPS|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/circular%20to%20cras%20on%20increase%20of%20entry%20age%20up%20to%2070%20years%20under%20nps%201fe102dd-e5cd-475a-920b-b303f23aaee7.pdf|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=6 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906125734/https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/circular%20to%20cras%20on%20increase%20of%20entry%20age%20up%20to%2070%20years%20under%20nps%201fe102dd-e5cd-475a-920b-b303f23aaee7.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> It is administered and regulated by the [[Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority|Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)]].<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/how-good-is-the-recently-revamped-nps/articleshow/55632329.cms|title=How good is the recently revamped NPS?|first=Narendra|last=Nathan|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=28 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907190442/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/how-good-is-the-recently-revamped-nps/articleshow/55632329.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/now-you-can-open-a-nps-account-completely-online-via-aadhar-without-sending-physical-documents/articleshow/56235215.cms |title=NPS: Now you can open a NPS account completely online via Aadhar without sending physical documents - The Economic Times |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=29 December 2016 |access-date=17 January 2017 |last1=Motiani |first1=Preeti |archive-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101062646/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/now-you-can-open-a-nps-account-completely-online-via-aadhar-without-sending-physical-documents/articleshow/56235215.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax-parity-for-nps-and-epf-members-is-a-welcome-step/articleshow/56387353.cms|title=Tax parity for NPS and EPF members is a welcome step - The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=7 January 2017|access-date=17 January 2017|archive-date=19 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419173930/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax-parity-for-nps-and-epf-members-is-a-welcome-step/articleshow/56387353.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/budget/budget-2017-arun-jaitley-likely-to-make-national-pension-system-totally-tax-free/509491/|title=Budget 2017: Arun Jaitley likely to make National Pension system totally tax-free|date=16 January 2017|website=FinancialExpress.com|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905010329/http://www.financialexpress.com/budget/budget-2017-arun-jaitley-likely-to-make-national-pension-system-totally-tax-free/509491/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 10 December 2018, the Government of India made NPS an entirely tax-free instrument in India where the entire corpus escapes tax at maturity; the 40% annuity also became tax-free.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1555377|title=Streamlining of National Pension System (NPS)}}</ref> Any individual who is a subscriber of NPS can claim tax benefit for Tier-I account under Sec 80 CCD (1) within the overall ceiling of ₹1.5 lakhs under Sec 80 C of Income Tax Act. 1961.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/tax-benefits-under-nps.php|title=npscra tax benefits|access-date=3 January 2022|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021043/https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/tax-benefits-under-nps.php|url-status=live}}</ref> An additional deduction for investment up to ₹50,000 in NPS (Tier I account) is available exclusively to NPS subscribers under subsection 80CCD (1B).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/2QZye6A5vOw6X8TVixMSWL/NPS-withdrawal-made-fully-taxfree-at-par-with-PPF-EPF.html|title=NPS withdrawal made tax-free like PPF, EPF|author=Staff Writer|date=10 December 2018|website=mint|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210160947/https://www.livemint.com/Money/2QZye6A5vOw6X8TVixMSWL/NPS-withdrawal-made-fully-taxfree-at-par-with-PPF-EPF.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/> The changes in NPS was notified through changes in [[Income-tax Act, 1961|The Income-tax Act, 1961]], during the 2019 [[Union budget of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/MnHnzGr2lHnXE1m3FkyhSJ/Tax-treatment-of-NPS-set-to-change.html|title=Tax treatment of NPS set to change|first=Shaikh Zoaib|last=Saleem|date=12 December 2018|website=mint|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212083801/https://www.livemint.com/Money/MnHnzGr2lHnXE1m3FkyhSJ/Tax-treatment-of-NPS-set-to-change.html|url-status=live}}</ref> There is no tax benefit on investment towards Tier II NPS Account. NPS is limited EEE, to the extent of 60%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/scrap-the-nps-annuity-makes-more-sense-to-go-for-systematic-withdrawal-plan/1411241/|title=Scrap the NPS annuity: Makes more sense to go for systematic withdrawal plan|date=12 December 2018|access-date=12 December 2018|archive-date=12 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212133046/https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/scrap-the-nps-annuity-makes-more-sense-to-go-for-systematic-withdrawal-plan/1411241/|url-status=live}}</ref> 40% has to be compulsorily used to purchase an [[annuity]], which is taxable at the applicable tax slab.<ref name="auto1"/> In 2021, withdrawal rules at the time of maturity was changed, and a person can withdraw entire NPS corpus lump sum if it is Rs 5 lakh or less, but 40% will be taxable.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/you-can-withdraw-entire-nps-corpus-lumpsum-if-rs-5-lakh-or-less-but-40-will-be-taxable/articleshow/95650523.cms|title=You can withdraw entire NPS corpus lumpsum if Rs 5 lakh or less but 40% will be taxable|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=24 November 2022|access-date=6 July 2023|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162514/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/you-can-withdraw-entire-nps-corpus-lumpsum-if-rs-5-lakh-or-less-but-40-will-be-taxable/articleshow/95650523.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/pfrda-permits-withdrawal-of-nps-corpus-of-rs-5-lakh-without-buying-annuity/articleshow/83569246.cms|title=PFRDA permits withdrawal of NPS corpus of Rs 5 lakh without buying annuity|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=17 June 2021|access-date=6 July 2023|archive-date=7 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707170421/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/pfrda-permits-withdrawal-of-nps-corpus-of-rs-5-lakh-without-buying-annuity/articleshow/83569246.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Contributions to NPS receive tax exemptions under Section 80C, Section 80CCC, and Section 80CCD(1) of the [[Income-tax Act, 1961|Income Tax Act]]. Starting from 2016, an additional tax benefit of Rs 50,000 under Section 80CCD(1b) is provided under NPS, which is over the ₹1.5 lakh exemption of Section 80C.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/10-things-arun-jaitley-can-do-to-make-it-a-budget-for-the-middle-class/articleshow/56622536.cms|title=10 things Arun Jaitley can do to make it a Budget for the middle class|date=17 September 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910063220/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/10-things-arun-jaitley-can-do-to-make-it-a-budget-for-the-middle-class/articleshow/56622536.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/5-step-plan-to-make-nps-work/articleshow/55634062.cms|title=Opinion: 5-step plan to make NPS work|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=28 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907190441/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/5-step-plan-to-make-nps-work/articleshow/55634062.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/dilip-vaz-can-cut-tax-outgo-by-investing-in-nps/articleshow/56700812.cms|title=Salaried Vaz can cut tax outgo by investing in NPS|date=17 September 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910063223/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/dilip-vaz-can-cut-tax-outgo-by-investing-in-nps/articleshow/56700812.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Private fund managers are important parts of NPS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/SJ4vmvFWj5u6NfToqrskzO/Time-to-up-your-equity-investment-in-NPS.html|title=Time to up your equity investment in NPS?|first=Deepti|last=Bhaskaran|date=27 November 2016|website=mint|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022113043/https://www.livemint.com/Money/SJ4vmvFWj5u6NfToqrskzO/Time-to-up-your-equity-investment-in-NPS.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/nps-outshines-mfs-benchmark-indices-in-2016/articleshow/56229731.cms |title=NPS outshines MFs, benchmark indices in 2016 - The Economic Times |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=29 December 2016 |access-date=17 January 2017 |last1=Nathan |first1=Narendra |archive-date=31 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231161928/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/nps-outshines-mfs-benchmark-indices-in-2016/articleshow/56229731.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/how-to-change-the-scheme-preference-in-nps/articleshow/56701451.cms|title=How to change the scheme preference in NPS|date=17 September 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910063221/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/invest/how-to-change-the-scheme-preference-in-nps/articleshow/56701451.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> NPS is considered one of the best tax saving instruments after 40% of the corpus was made tax-free at the time of maturity and it is ranked just below [[equity-linked savings scheme]] (ELSS).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/how-to-choose-the-tax-saving-instrument-most-suitable-for-you-et-wealth-ratings/articleshow/56387699.cms|title=Income Tax saving: Choose the best tax saving instrument for you|first=Babar|last=Zaidi|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=30 January 2017|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818134311/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/how-to-choose-the-tax-saving-instrument-most-suitable-for-you-et-wealth-ratings/articleshow/56387699.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Background==
The National Pension System (NPS) is a voluntary defined contribution pension system administered and regulated by the [[Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority]] (PFRDA), created by an Act of the Parliament of India. The NPS started with the decision of the Government of India to stop defined benefit pensions for all its employees who joined after 1 January 2004. While the scheme was initially designed for government employees only, it was opened up for all citizens of India in 2009. NPS is an attempt by the government to create a pensioned society in India. Today, the NPS is readily available and tax efficient under Section 80CCC and Section 80CCD. Under the NPS, an individual can contribute to his retirement account. Also, his employer can contribute to the welfare and social security of the individual.

NPS is a quasi-EET instrument in India where 40% of the corpus escapes tax at maturity, while 60% of the corpus is taxable.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/> Of the 60% taxable corpus, 40% is tax-exempt as it has to be compulsorily used to purchase an [[annuity]].<ref name="auto1"/> The [[annuity]] income will be taxed, though. The remaining 20% alone will now be taxed at slab rates on withdrawal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/looking-at-nps-for-tax-saving-find-out-if-the-investment-suits-your-financial-profile/articleshow/56775335.cms|title=Looking at NPS for tax saving? Find out if the investment suits your financial profile|first=Sunil|last=Dhawan|date=17 September 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|via=The Economic Times|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910063231/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/looking-at-nps-for-tax-saving-find-out-if-the-investment-suits-your-financial-profile/articleshow/56775335.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[2017 Union budget of India]], 25% exemption of the contribution made by an employee has been announced as a form of premature partial withdrawal in NPS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/union-budget-2017-more-tax-relief-for-nps-subscribers/articleshow/56913503.cms|title=Union Budget 2017: More tax relief for NPS subscribers - Times of India|website=IndiaTimes.com|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917161106/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/union-budget-2017-more-tax-relief-for-nps-subscribers/articleshow/56913503.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This amendment will take effect on 1 April 2018 and will, accordingly, apply in relation to the assessment year 2018-19.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/budget-2017-proposes-tax-exemption-to-premature-partial-withdrawal-from-nps/articleshow/56808785.cms|title=Budget 2017 proposes tax exemption to premature partial withdrawal from NPS|first=Sunil|last=Dhawan|date=1 February 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818134310/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/budget-2017-proposes-tax-exemption-to-premature-partial-withdrawal-from-nps/articleshow/56808785.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/budget/union-budget-2017-provides-new-benefits-to-nps-subscribers/533784/|title=Union Budget 2017 provides new benefits to NPS subscribers|date=1 February 2017|website=FinancialExpress.com|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905001408/http://www.financialexpress.com/budget/union-budget-2017-provides-new-benefits-to-nps-subscribers/533784/|url-status=live}}</ref> NPS is a market-linked annuity product.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Money/tss39GuN8lXofPNtmz7ZrL/NPS-gets-tax-breaks-parity-for-subscribers.html|title=NPS gets tax breaks, parity for subscribers|first=Shaikh Zoaib|last=Saleem|date=2 February 2017|website=LiveMint.com|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905005222/http://www.livemint.com/Money/tss39GuN8lXofPNtmz7ZrL/NPS-gets-tax-breaks-parity-for-subscribers.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Regulatory framework==
In 1999, the Government of India initiated the OASIS project, aimed at reviewing policies related to old age income security within the nation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/rep2d5d02004-a7c9-4875-be6e-f8b92744e210.pdf | title=The Project OASIS Report | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811060511/https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/rep2d5d02004-a7c9-4875-be6e-f8b92744e210.pdf | archive-date=11 August 2023 }}</ref> As a result, the Defined Contribution Pension System was introduced for new entrants to Central/State Government service, except for the Defence forces, replacing the earlier Defined Benefit Pension System.<ref name=":0" />

On 23 August 2003, the Interim Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority (PFRDA) was established by the Government of India to oversee pension funds and protect subscribers' interests. The PFRDA Act of 2013 officially confirmed PFRDA as the regulator for the Indian pension sector, effective from 1 February 2014.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web | url=https://cag.gov.in/webroot/uploads/download_audit_report/2020/Report%20No.%2013%20of%202020_NPS_English-05f8952c04a4417.54539256.pdf | title=Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on National Pension System |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230826/https://cag.gov.in/webroot/uploads/download_audit_report/2020/Report%20No.%2013%20of%202020_NPS_English-05f8952c04a4417.54539256.pdf | archive-date=10 August 2023 }}</ref> Notably, other entities like Employee Provident Fund, pension funds by life insurers, and mutual fund firms are beyond PFRDA's scope.<ref name=":1" />

The contributory pension system, later termed the National Pension System (NPS), began on 22 December 2003, applied from 1 January 2004. It expanded to all Indian citizens, including self-employed professionals and the unorganised sector from 1 May 2009, on a voluntary basis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=1 Sane, 2 Shah |first=1 Renuka, 2 Ajay |date=September 2011 |title=Civil Service and Military Pensions in India |url=https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2013/04/wp_2011_91.pdf |journal=National Institute of Public Finance and Policy |pages=19 |via=National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi |access-date=9 August 2023 |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208031158/https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2013/04/wp_2011_91.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Architecture==
Unlike traditional financial products where all the functions (sales, operations, service, fund management, depository) are done by one company, NPS follows an unbundled architecture where each step of the value chain has been made disjointed from the other. This unbundling not only allows the customer to mix and match his providers of service through the value chain, picking the best-suited option, but it also curbs the incidence of misselling.

NPS architecture consists of the NPS Trust, which is entrusted with safeguarding subscribers' interests, three Central Recordkeeping Agencies (CRAs) which maintain the data and records, Point of Presence (PoP) as collection, distribution and servicing arms, Pension Fund Managers (PFM) for managing the investments of subscribers, a Custodian to take care of the assets purchased by the fund managers, and a Trustee Bank to manage the banking operations. At age 60 the customer can choose to purchase pension Annuity Service Providers (ASP). In 2017, PFRDA increased the entry age in NPS to 70 years, from earlier upper age limit of 65 years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=SMARTADVISOR4U|date=|publisher=PFRDA|title=Subject: Increase of Entry Age up to 70 Years under NPS|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/circular%20to%20cras%20on%20increase%20of%20entry%20age%20up%20to%2070%20years%20under%20nps%201fe102dd-e5cd-475a-920b-b303f23aaee7.pdf|access-date=26 August 2021|archive-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830063928/https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/circular%20to%20cras%20on%20increase%20of%20entry%20age%20up%20to%2070%20years%20under%20nps%201fe102dd-e5cd-475a-920b-b303f23aaee7.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/tdXgBZCrEbrzOUVEBHp3qM/You-can-continue-investing-in-NPS-even-after-retirement.html|title=You can continue investing in NPS even after retirement|first=Deepti|last=Bhaskaran|date=31 May 2018|website=mint|access-date=7 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143910/https://www.livemint.com/Money/tdXgBZCrEbrzOUVEBHp3qM/You-can-continue-investing-in-NPS-even-after-retirement.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

There are eleven Pension Fund Managers (PFMs) in NPS,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/pfrda-picks-11th-fund-manager-for-nps/article67350008.ece|title=PFRDA picks 11th fund manager for NPS|work=The Hindu |date=26 September 2023|access-date= 14 October 2024 |last1=Dhoot |first1=Vikas }}</ref> out of which SBI Pension Funds is the largest. All the major commercial banks, brokers and stock holding corporations perform the role of PoP. The subscriber can choose any one of them.

Initially, government employees had no say in the matter of choice of fund manager or investment allocation in NPS, as both are decided by the government. In the default Standard scheme, NPS contributions of government employees is distributed evenly across three public sector fund managers : SBI Pension Funds, LIC Pension Fund, and UTI Pension Fund. Now, government can choose from additional choices (LC-50, LC-25, Scheme G).

The subscriber can choose to invest either, wholly or in combination, in four types of investment schemes offered by the pension fund managers. These are:
* Scheme E (equity and related instruments): maximum 75% equity exposure
* Scheme C (corporate bonds and related instruments): no upper limit, invests only in high-quality corporate bonds
* Scheme G (government securities and related instruments): no upper limit, invests only in government bonds up to 100%
* Scheme A (alternative investment funds) which allows up to 5% (newly added asset class only for private sector subscriber with active choice)
The subscriber can either specify the percentage allocation herself with Active Choice or may choose from four predefined life cycle fund options under Auto Choice. These are:
* LC-75 (Aggressive Life cycle Fund): maximum 75% is invested in equity; equity exposure decreases gradually as the subscriber turns 36 and continues to do so till her 55th birthday.
* LC-50 (Moderate Life cycle Fund): maximum 50% is invested in equity; equity exposure decreases gradually as the subscriber turns 36 and continues to do so till her 55th birthday.
* LC-25 (Conservative Life cycle Fund): maximum 25% is invested in equity; equity exposure decreases gradually as the subscriber turns 36 and continues to do so till her 55th birthday.
* BLC (Balanced Life cycle Fund): maximum 50% is invested in equity; equity exposure decreases gradually as the subscriber turns 46 and continues to do so till her 55th birthday.
This re-balancing of portfolio takes place on subscriber's birthday.

NPS offers two types of accounts to its subscribers:
* Tier I:The primary account, which is a pension account which has restrictions on withdrawals and utilization of accumulated corpus. All the tax breaks that NPS offers are applicable only to Tier I accounts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is National Pension Scheme, Benefits, Eligibility and Returns |url=https://cleartax.in/s/nps-national-pension-scheme |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=cleartax |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230512/https://cleartax.in/s/nps-national-pension-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Tier II: In order to introduce some liquidity to the scheme, the PFRDA allows for a Tier II account where subscribers with pre-existing Tier I accounts can deposit and withdraw money as and when they want. NPS Tier II is an investment account, similar to a mutual fund in characteristics, but offers no exit load, no commissions, good returns.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/budget-ideas-for-the-finance-minister/articleshow/56176162.cms|title=Budget ideas for the Finance Minister - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|date=26 December 2016|access-date=17 September 2017|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115172812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/budget-ideas-for-the-finance-minister/articleshow/56176162.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A Tier II Tax Saver Account offers tax benefits to central government employees under Section 80C but has partial liquidity.

The contribution to voluntary savings account (also called Tier-II account) can only be made by the subscriber and not by any third party.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/pfrda-bars-third-party-payments-in-tier-ii-accounts-of-nps/articleshow/56560769.cms|title=PFRDA bars third party payments in Tier II accounts of NPS|date=17 September 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818134311/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/personal-finance-news/pfrda-bars-third-party-payments-in-tier-ii-accounts-of-nps/articleshow/56560769.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Upon exit, subscriber re-invests a portion of the accumulated corpus is an annuity plan which provides the guaranteed lifelong pension. There are fifteen annuity service providers (ASPs) for subscribers to choose from.

==Who can join==
A citizen of India, whether resident or non-resident or an OCI cardholder can join NPS (Through a circular issued on 29 October 2019 PFRDA has stated that now Overseas Citizen of India (OCIs) can enrol to invest in NPS tier-1 accounts), subject to the following conditions:
* The subscriber should be between 18 and 70 years old as of the date of submission of his/her application to the Point of Presence (POP) / Point of Presence–Service Provider-Authorized branches of POP for NPS (POP-SP).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-29 |title=NPS: Frequently asked questions |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/nps-frequently-asked-questions/articleshow/58959509.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-09 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=10 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225151/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/nps-frequently-asked-questions/articleshow/58959509.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The subscribers should comply with the Know Your Customer (KYC) norms as detailed in the subscriber registration form.
* Should not be Un-discharged insolvent and individuals of unsound mind.
* A non-resident can open an account, but the account will be closed if the citizenship status of the NRI has been changed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/nps-frequently-asked-questions/articleshow/58959509.cms|title=What is NPS? National Pension Scheme : FAQs|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=20 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023095316/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/nps-frequently-asked-questions/articleshow/58959509.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*As per circular No: PFRDA/2021/36/SUP-CRA/14 Dated:26.08.2021, those Subscribers who have closed their NPS Accounts are permitted to open a new NPS Account as per increased age eligibility norms, ie. From 65 years to 70 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Important documents required for withdrawing funds from NPS after 1st April 2023 |pages=1 |work=Asian News International (ANI) |url=https://aninews.in/news/business/business/important-documents-required-for-withdrawing-funds-from-nps-after-1st-april-202320230427124238/ |access-date=August 9, 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818134341/https://aninews.in/news/business/business/important-documents-required-for-withdrawing-funds-from-nps-after-1st-april-202320230427124238/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=smartadvisor4u|date=|title=Subject: Increase of Entry Age up to 70 Years under NP|url=https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/circular%20to%20cras%20on%20increase%20of%20entry%20age%20up%20to%2070%20years%20under%20nps%201fe102dd-e5cd-475a-920b-b303f23aaee7.pdf|access-date=26 August 2021|website=[[PFRDA]]|archive-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830063928/https://www.pfrda.org.in/writereaddata/links/circular%20to%20cras%20on%20increase%20of%20entry%20age%20up%20to%2070%20years%20under%20nps%201fe102dd-e5cd-475a-920b-b303f23aaee7.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Parents / guardians of minor Indian citizens (age 0-18 years) can open an NPS Vatsalya Account for their children / wards.<ref>{{cite web|url=
https://pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=152167&ModuleId=3&reg=3&lang=1|title=
NPS Vatsalya: A Groundbreaking Pension Scheme for Minors|date= 1 October 2024}}</ref>

==Subscriber base==

The Central government employee subscribers grew 4.9% on year to 2.28 million in FY22 while state governments subscribers grew 8.5% to 55.8 lakh during the year. The total number of subscribers as of March 31, 2022, was about 1.6 crore. Total NPS assets under management stood at ₹7,36,000 crore as of March 31, 2022, up from ₹5,78,000 crore as on March 31, 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=NPS assets under management rises 27% y-o-y to Rs 7.36 trillion |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/money/nps-assets-under-management-rises-27-y-o-y-to-rs-7-36-trillion/2486413/ |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Financialexpress |date=9 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409153040/https://www.financialexpress.com/money/nps-assets-under-management-rises-27-y-o-y-to-rs-7-36-trillion/2486413/ |url-status=live }}</ref>. As of February 2026, the total assets under management was over ₹ 16,50,000 crores with total subscriber base of almost 2.2 crores <ref>{{Cite web |title=NPS AUM and Subscriber Base |url=https://npstrust.org.in/aum-and-subcriber-base |access-date=2026-03-21 }}</ref>

==Withdrawal==
Premature withdrawal in NPS before age 60 required parking 60% of the sum in an annuity.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/nps-frequently-asked-questions/articleshow/58959509.cms|title=NPS: Frequently asked questions|date=2 June 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917131846/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/nps-frequently-asked-questions/articleshow/58959509.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> One can withdraw 40 percent of the corpus before 60 years but he/she must buy annuity with 60 percent of the corpus.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/-ask-et-mutual-funds-suggest-me-some-good-elsss-and-nps-funds/articleshow/58716924.cms|title=Ask ET Mutual Funds: Suggest me some good ELSSs and NPS funds|date=17 May 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918055558/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/mf/analysis/-ask-et-mutual-funds-suggest-me-some-good-elsss-and-nps-funds/articleshow/58716924.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the NPS allowed withdrawal of up to 25% of contributions for specified reasons, if the scheme is at least 3 years old with certain conditions.
One can withdraw the complete amount if the pension collected is less than ₹5,00,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/all-faq-withdrawal.php|title=Withdrawal|website=npscra.nsdl.co.in|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129110519/https://npscra.nsdl.co.in/all-faq-withdrawal.php|url-status=live}}</ref> This amount was increased to ₹5,00,000 as per PFRDA Circular dated 14 June 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npscra.nsdl.co.in/download/pdf/Gazette-PFRDA%20(Exits%20and%20Withdrawals%20under%20NPS)%20(Amendment)%20Regulations%202021.pdf|title=Gazette-PFRDA (Exits and Withdrawals under NPS) (Amendment) Regulations 2021|date=14 June 2021|access-date=14 June 2021|via=The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818134344/https://www.npscra.nsdl.co.in/download/pdf/Gazette-PFRDA%20(Exits%20and%20Withdrawals%20under%20NPS)%20(Amendment)%20Regulations%202021.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Systematic Lumpsum Withdrawal===
Under this scheme, one can choose to remain invested with 60% of the corpus in NPS by contributing till the age of 75 and enable the SLW feature while the corpus continues to grow.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/nps-systematic-withdrawal-plan-suits-retirees-with-large-corpus/articleshow/116971948.cms|title=NPS systematic withdrawal plan suits retirees with large corpus|work=The Times of India |date=6 January 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/nps-withdrawal-scheme-offers-flexible-cost-efficient-option-for-retirees/articleshow/116852990.cms|title=NPS Withdrawal Scheme offers flexible, cost-efficient option for retirees|work=The Times of India |date=January 2025 }}</ref>

==Tax benefits==
Investment in NPS is eligible for tax benefits as follows:
* '''Investment of up to ₹1,50,000 under Section 80CCD(1)'''. The benefit is additionally capped at 10% of basic salary. For non-salaried individuals, this benefit is capped at 20% of gross total income. The benefit under Section 80C, Section 80CCC and Section 80CCD(1) is capped at ₹1,50,000 as per 80CCE.
* '''Additional investment of up to ₹50,000 under Section 80CCD(1B)'''. This is over and above tax benefit under Section 80C; and is exclusive to NPS.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/experts-differ-on-how-to-claim-additional-nps-tax-benefit-under-sec-80ccd-1b/articleshow/51952963.cms|title=Experts differ on how to claim additional NPS tax benefit under Sec 80CCD (1b). Clarity is also not there as to whether the benefit comes under tier-i or tier-ii|first=Chandralekha|last=Mukerji|date=17 September 2017|access-date=17 September 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917005645/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/tax/experts-differ-on-how-to-claim-additional-nps-tax-benefit-under-sec-80ccd-1b/articleshow/51952963.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Employer co-contribution up to 10% of basic and DA under Section 80CCD(2)''' in the Old Tax Regime.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/7-national-pension-system-myths-busted-to-ensure-your-retirement-planning-does-not-get-derailed/842772/|title=7 National Pension System myths busted to ensure your retirement planning does not get derailed|date=6 September 2017|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907190441/https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/7-national-pension-system-myths-busted-to-ensure-your-retirement-planning-does-not-get-derailed/842772/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Employer co-contribution up to 14% of basic and DA under Section 80CCD(2)''' in the New Tax Regime.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/budget/budget-2024-deduction-limit-increased-from-10-to-14-introduces-nps-vatsalya-for-minors-new-tax-regime-11721887949706.html/|title=Budget 2024: Deduction limit increased from 10% to 14%; introduces NPS Vatsalya for minors|work=mint |date=25 July 2024|access-date=15 October 2024 |last1=Gidwani |first1=Gopal }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Old Pension Scheme (OPS)]]
* [[Pensions in India]]
* [[Equity-linked savings scheme]] (ELSS)
* [[Mutual fund]]
* [[Income tax in India]]
* [[401(k)]]
* [[Roth IRA]]
* [[Retirement plans in the United States]]
* [[Individual retirement account]]
* [[Unified Pension Scheme]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*[https://www.pfrda.org.in/ PFRDA]
*[https://pensionersportal.gov.in/#faq FAQ for Pensioners]
*[https://www.npstrust.org.in/content/pension-calculator Pension Calculator]
*[https://npstrust.org.in/returns-of-nps_scheme Returns of NPS Schemes]

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Public pension funds]]
[[Category:Pensions in India]]
[[Category:Tax-advantaged savings plans in India]]
[[Category:Government finances in India]]
[[Category:Indian labour law]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in India]]

Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga

2026-03-21T11:07:26Z

Nonebotnone50: New

{{Short description|2025 Indian crime thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Dinesh Lakshmanan
| writer = {{ubl
|Dinesh Lakshmanan
|Navaneethan Sunderrajan (dialogues)
}}
| producer = G. Arul Kumar
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]]
* [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]
* [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]]
}}
| cinematography = Saravanan Abimanyu
| editing = Lawrence Kishore
| music = Bharath Aaseevagan
| studio = GS Arts
| released = {{Film date|2025|11|21|df=yes}}
| runtime = 123 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga''''' ({{translation|Evil groups tremble}}) is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller]] film written and directed by Dinesh Lakshmanan in his debut, starring [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] and [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] in the lead roles. ''Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga'' along with dubbed Telugu version ''Mufti Police'' was released in theatres on 21 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |date=2025-11-06 |title=Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga set for Nov 21 release |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-set-for-nov-21-release-852117 |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=www.dtnext.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
A man is killed on the road by a mysterious person and left in the middle of the road.

Magudapathy is assigned to the case.
He starts the investigation and finds that,there is more than what meets the eyes.

Meera is a teacher in a school for disabled kids. She falls in love with a guy.

The lives of these three people are connected in that murder.

Watch the story to find out how Magudapathy connects the dots and solves the murders that occur.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] as [[Inspector]] Magudapathy
* [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] as Meera
* [[Abhirami Venkatachalam]] as Revathi
* [[Ramkumar Ganesan]] as Varadharajan
* [[Thangadurai (actor)|Thangadurai]] as Kuppan
* [[P. L. Thenappan]] as Sankaran
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Chandrasekhar
* [[Vela Ramamoorthy]] as Muthuraj
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Church Father
* Baby Anik as Anjali
* Prankster Rahul as Mani
* Priyadarshini as Kavitha
* Syed as Syed
* GK Reddy as GK Reddy
* Padman as Padman
* Praveen Raja as Adhi
* Logu. Npks as Ramesh
}}

== Production ==
Touted as a investigative thriller film revolving around [[Autism|autistic]] children, the film was announced through a first-look poster 4 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-05 |title=Crime thriller 'Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga' revolves around autistic kids |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/crime-thriller-theeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-revolves-around-autistic-kids/articleshow/90014010.cms |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2025-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701005658/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/crime-thriller-theeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-revolves-around-autistic-kids/articleshow/90014010.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film directed by debutant Dinesh Lakshmanan was titled ''Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2022-08-15 |title=Arjun's look from Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/Aug/15/arjuns-look-fromtheeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-out-33772.html |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211150623/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/15/arjuns-look-fromtheeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-out-33772.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-04 |title=Aishwarya Rajesh & Arjun's thriller titled Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aishwarya-rajesh-arjuns-thriller-titled-theeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga/articleshow/89997025.cms |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film stars [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] and [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] in the lead roles, who were last seen in ''[[Aghathiyaa]]'' and ''[[Sankranthiki Vasthunam]]'' (both 2025) respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-09-19 |title=Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga Teaser: Arjun tries to crack a case where writings come to life |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/19/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-teaser-arjun-tries-to-crack-a-case-where-writings-come-to-life |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921121335/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Sep/19/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-teaser-arjun-tries-to-crack-a-case-where-writings-come-to-life |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is produced by G. Arul Kumar under his GS Arts banner, while Navaneethan Sunderrajan has contributed towards writing the dialogues in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-05 |title=Arjun-Aishwarya Rajesh's Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga gets release case |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/05/arjun-aishwarya-rajeshs-theeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-gets-release-case |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The technical team consists of Bharath Aaseevagan as the music composer, Saravanan Abimanyu as the cinematographer, Lawrence Kishore as the editor, Arunshankar Durai as the art director, and Kickass Kali, Rajasekar, and Vicky as the action choreographers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga Trailer: Arjun is on a mission to uncover the identity of a masked killer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Nov/14/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-trailer-arjun-is-on-a-mission-to-uncover-the-identity-of-a-masked-killer |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Filming was in progress during the announcement in March 2022<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2022-03-04 |title=First look of Arjun, Aishwarya Rajesh-starrer Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/Mar/04/first-look-of-arjun-aishwarya-rajesh-starrer-theeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-out-30078.html |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304220741/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/mar/04/first-look-of-arjun-aishwarya-rajesh-starrer-theeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-out-30078.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by the end of August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-08-31 |title=It's a wrap for Theeyavar Kulaigal Nadunga |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Aug/31/its-a-wrap-fortheeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-47142.html |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2023-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907055516/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/aug/31/its-a-wrap-fortheeyavar-kulaigal-nadunga-47142.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The teaser was released on 19 September 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2025-09-19 |title=`தீயவர் குலை நடுங்க' படத்தின் டீசர் வெளியீடு! {{!}} The teaser of the film `Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga' is out! |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/the-teaser-of-the-film-theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-is-out-789426 |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> and the trailer was released on 13 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=பிரிவு |first=இணையதளச் செய்திப் |date=2025-11-14 |title=கவனம் ஈர்க்கும் தீயவர் குலை நடுங்க பட டிரைலர்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Nov/14/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-trailer-is-out-now |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Dinamani |language=ta}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film has music composed by Bharath Aaseevagan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-04-02 |title=Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga first single to be out on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/02/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-first-single-to-be-out-on-this-date |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405191634/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/02/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-first-single-to-be-out-on-this-date |url-status=live }}</ref> The first single titled "Andhipera Azhagaaliye" was released on 4 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2025-04-04 |title=Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga first single 'Andhipera Azhagaaliye' is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/04/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-first-single-andhipera-azhagaaliye-is-out |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406091049/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Apr/04/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-first-single-andhipera-azhagaaliye-is-out |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Andhipera Azhagaaliye
| lyrics1 = Tamil Mani
| extra1 = [[Adithya RK]]
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga'' released in theatres on 21 November 2025 in Tamil along with its dubbed versions in Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada languages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-14 |title='Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga' is based on a real-life incident which left me shaken, says Aishwarya Rajesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-is-based-on-a-real-life-incident-which-left-me-shaken-says-aishwarya-rajesh/articleshow/125318229.cms |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
''Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga'' premiered on [[Sun NXT]] on 12 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-10 |title='Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga' OTT release date: When and where can the Arjun and Aishwarya Rajesh starrer be streamed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-ott-release-date-when-and-where-can-the-arjun-and-aishwarya-rajesh-starrer-be-streamed/articleshow/125892773.cms |access-date=2025-12-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Dinamalar]]'' rated the film with two-point-two-five out of five stars<ref>{{Cite web |title=தீயவர் குலை நடுங்க - விமர்சனம் {2.25/5} : தீயவர் குலை நடுங்க - தலைப்பில் இருக்கும் பில்டப் கதை, காட்சி அமைப்பில் இல்லை - Theeyavar kulai nadunga |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/movie-review/3685/Theeyavar-kulai-nadunga/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=cinema.dinamalar.com |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' with one-point-five out of five stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2025-11-21 |title=தீயவர் குலை நடுங்க- திரைவிமர்சனம் {{!}} Theeyavar kulai nadunga- Movie review |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-movie-review-798491 |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref> Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote "The film ends up being a half-baked vigilante film that had the semblance of a good idea, and the makers decided to run with it, hoping that intent would save the day."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2025-11-21 |title=Theeyavar Kulai Nadunga Movie Review: Questionable choices drown out the superficially good intentions |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2025/Nov/21/theeyavar-kulai-nadunga-movie-review-questionable-choices-drown-out-the-superficially-good-intentions |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|tt15380786}}
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:2020s police procedural films]]
[[Category:Films about security and surveillance]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Indian political action films]]
[[Category:Indian neo-noir films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]

XXX: State of the Union

2026-03-17T02:28:33Z

Nonebotnone50: page fix

{{Short description|2005 American film by Lee Tamahori}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = XXX: State of the Union
| image = Xxx2poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Lee Tamahori]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Neal H. Moritz]]
* Arne L. Schmidt
}}
| writer = [[Simon Kinberg]]
| based_on = {{based on|Characters|[[Rich Wilkes]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ice Cube]]
* [[Samuel L. Jackson]]
* [[Willem Dafoe]]
* [[Scott Speedman]]
* [[Peter Strauss]]
}}
| music = [[Marco Beltrami]]
| cinematography = [[David Tattersall]]
| editing = {{Plainlist|
* [[Mark Goldblatt]]
* [[Steven Rosenblum]]
* Todd E. Miller
}}
| production_companies = {{Plainlist|
* [[Columbia Pictures]]
* [[Revolution Studios]]
* [[Original Film]]
}}
| distributor = [[Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group#Sony Pictures Releasing|Sony Pictures Releasing]]
| released = {{Film date|2005|04|29}}
| runtime = 101 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=''XXX 2 - The Next Level'' (12A)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/xxx-2-the-next-level-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtoda1nty2|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210507172704/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/xxx-2-the-next-level-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtoda1nty2|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 7, 2021|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=2005-04-04|access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref>
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget = $60 million<ref name="numbers" /><ref name="thewrap">{{cite web | url= http://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/giglis-real-price-tag-or-how-studios-lie-about-budgets-30665 | title= 'Gigli's' Real Price Tag — Or, How Studios Lie About Budgets | first= Brent | last= Lang | date= September 2, 2011 | work= TheWrap.com | access-date= June 29, 2017 | archive-date= May 9, 2019 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190509022205/https://www.thewrap.com/movies/article/giglis-real-price-tag-or-how-studios-lie-about-budgets-30665/ | url-status= dead }}</ref>
| gross = $71.1 million<ref name="numbers" />
}}

'''''XXX: State of the Union''''' (released as '''''xXx2: The Next Level''''' and '''''XXX: State of Emergency''''' outside North America) is a 2005 American [[action film|action]] [[spy film]] directed by [[Lee Tamahori]] and a sequel to the 2002 film ''[[XXX (2002 film)|XXX]]''. It is the second installment of the [[XXX (film series)|''XXX'' film series]], and was produced by [[Revolution Studios]] for [[Columbia Pictures]].

[[Vin Diesel]] and [[Rob Cohen]], the lead actor and director of the original, had signed on to a sequel before the first film had opened, but both dropped out over scripting issues,<ref name="The Movie Blog">{{cite web|title=Good Move! Vin Diesel turns down 'xXx 2: State of the Union'|date=16 June 2004|url=http://www.themovieblog.com/2004/good-move-vin-diesel-turns-down-xxx-2-state-of-the-union/|publisher=The Movie Blog|access-date=21 August 2011|archive-date=12 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712045701/http://themovieblog.com/2004/good-move-vin-diesel-turns-down-xxx-2-state-of-the-union/|url-status=live}}</ref> while Cohen worked on ''[[Stealth (film)|Stealth]]''. Cohen remained as an [[executive producer]]. [[Ice Cube]] took over the lead role as the new Triple X agent and Tamahori was brought in to direct, following the huge commercial success of the [[James Bond]] film ''[[Die Another Day]]'', which he directed. Two different scripts were prepared for the film, and the one written by [[Simon Kinberg]] was selected; the other script featured a radically different plot.

Released on April 29, 2005, ''State of the Union'' is the last film in the ''XXX'' film series to be distributed by Columbia Pictures, as [[Paramount Pictures]] became the distributor for its future films, starting with ''[[XXX: Return of Xander Cage]]'' in 2017.

==Plot==
In [[Virginia]], assailants breach an underground [[NSA]] bunker run by Agent Augustus Gibbons, who fends off the attackers before barely escaping with Toby Shavers. To find help from a XXX with more attitude, Gibbons meets his former comrade, Darius Stone, a former [[United States Navy SEALs|U.S. Navy SEAL]], who is currently serving sentence in [[United States Disciplinary Barracks|Leavenworth]] for disobeying orders and breaking the jaw of ex-four star [[Four-star rank|General]] George Deckert, who is now the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defence]]. NSA Agent Kyle Steele was informed that Xander Cage was apparently killed at the same time in Bora Bora and is leading the investigation into the attack on the bunker.

Gibbons helps Stone escape out of prison, who then sets himself up as their leader as he mistrusts Gibbons. Stone leads them to meet Zeke, his old partner in crime, and Lola Jackson, his ex-girlfriend, who now runs an exotic car shop. Lola agrees to let Stone, Gibbons, and Shavers hide in her shop in exchange for the [[Pontiac GTO#1967|'67 GTO]] that Shavers modified. Stone then infiltrates the NSA bunker, where Gibbons had instructed him to recover a hard drive, while Gibbons returns to his house to recover evidence. However, Deckert and Sergeant Alabama "Bama" Cobb attack and apparently kill Gibbons before bombing and burning the house to cover up the evidence. Stone meets with Gibbons' contact, Charlie Mayweather, to get information. Charlie directs Stone to a party where Stone recognizes that Deckert's bodyguards are members of his old SEAL Team unit before overhearing Deckert arguing with General Jack Pettibone [[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff|VCJCS]]. Stone goes to Charlie's safe house but is framed for murdering Pettibone, realizing that she is involved in the conspiracy.

The police arrive, and Steele arrives to talk with Stone before escaping. While Shavers hacks into [[the Pentagon]] to retrieve Deckert's plans, Steele researches Stone and discovers his imprisonment occurred because when Deckert ordered his SEAL team to start a fire to clear civilians, Stone and half of the unit rebelled, resulting in Stone being court-martialled. Stone infiltrates Deckert's troops aboard an aircraft carrier and discovers Gibbons alive, being held prisoner along with the rest of their SEAL team unit. Stone realizes that the men who sided with him against Deckert are prisoners, while those who stayed loyal are Deckert's security. Mayweather is alerted to Stone's presence, forcing Stone to escape.

After retrieving the plans, Stone learns that Deckert is planning a [[Coup d'état|coup]] against President James Sanford. Stone contacts Steele and shows him the plans. When Steele notes that his plans are not clear proof, Stone frustratingly leaves, to Steele's initial disbelief. During a conversation with Deckert, Steele realizes Stone was right. He finds Stone and tells him that Deckert wants to kill Sanford and [[United States presidential line of succession|his successors]] so he can replace Sanford as president, in opposition to Sanford's current plans to dismantle various military presences to focus on foreign aid.

Stone, Steele, and Shavers enlist the aid of Zeke and his crew. Together, they rob a civilian truck that is secretly hauling guns and equipment for the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] while disguised as a cheese truck. They end up hijacking a tank, and Stone helps Steele penetrate the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] building where Sanford's [[State of the Union Address]] is being held. A shootout starts, and Gibbons kills Mayweather. Deckert and Cobb abduct Sanford, and with Gibbons now free, they escape on a [[High-speed rail|bullet train]]. Lola arrives with a [[Ford Shelby Cobra Concept]], which Stone uses to chase and infiltrate the train. He kills Cobb before engaging Deckert, while Gibbons flies a helicopter Steele uses to extract Sanford. Stone jumps out as Gibbons derails and destroys the train, killing Deckert.

The story is covered up, and Deckert is buried and branded a hero. Sanford awards Steele and the unknown soldier (Stone) the [[Medal of Honor]]. Stone is officially released from prison, and he says his goodbyes and returns to his former lifestyle. In the now-rebuilt NSA Headquarters, Gibbons, Steele, and Shavers discuss potential qualities for the next Triple X agent.

==Cast==
* [[Ice Cube]] as Darius Stone
* [[Samuel L. Jackson]] as Augustus Gibbons
* [[Willem Dafoe]] as General George Deckert
* [[Scott Speedman]] as NSA Agent Kyle Steele
* [[Peter Strauss]] as President James Sanford
* [[Xzibit]] as Zeke
* [[Michael Roof]] as NSA Agent Toby Shavers
* [[Sunny Mabrey]] as Charlie Mayweather
* [[Nona Gaye]] as Lola Jackson
* [[Bruce Bruce]] as passenger in truck
* John G. Connolly as Alabama Cobb
* Ramon De Ocampo as NSA Agent Meadows
* [[Paul Collins (actor)|Paul Collins]] as NSA Director Bill Brody

==Soundtrack==
{{Main|XXX: State of the Union (soundtrack)}}
A soundtrack containing hip hop and alternative rock was released on April 26, 2005, through [[Jive Records]]. It peaked at #117 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], #48 on the [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]] chart, and #5 on the Top Soundtracks chart.

==Sequel==
{{main|XXX: Return of Xander Cage}}

==Reception==

===Box office===
''XXX: State of the Union'' grossed $26.9 million in the United States and Canada and $44.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $71.1 million, against a reported production budget of $60 million.<ref name="numbers">{{cite web|title=XXX: State of the Union (2005)|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2005/XXX2.php|publisher=The Numbers|access-date=August 21, 2011|archive-date=August 26, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826015330/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2005/XXX2.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to ''The Wrap.com'' the production budget was a reported $87 million, but Revolution Studios spent a total of $113.1 million.<ref name="thewrap" /><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-budgets-idUSTRE7815GK20110902|title = Studios fudge numbers when it comes to budgets|newspaper = Reuters|date = 2 September 2011|access-date = 22 May 2019|archive-date = 13 May 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200513075453/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-budgets-idUSTRE7815GK20110902|url-status = live}}</ref>

It opened on April 29, 2005, and grossed $12.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office behind ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'' and ''[[The Interpreter (2005 film)|The Interpreter]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 2, 2005 |author1=Brandon Gray |title='Hitchhiker' Beams, 'XXX' Reamed |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed3916891140/ |website=Box Office Mojo }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2005/05/04/at-the-box-office-10/|title=At the Box Office|date=4 May 2005 }}</ref>

===Critical response===
On [[Rotten Tomatoes]] the film has an approval rating of 17%, based on 138 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Even more absurd and implausible than the first ''xXx'' movie, ''State of the Union'' is less inspired and technically competent than its predecessor."<ref>{{cite web | title = XXX: State of the Union (2005) | work = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/xxx2_state_of_the_union/ | publisher = Fandango Media | access-date = 2025-09-05 | archive-date = 2024-11-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241121041105/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/xxx_state_of_the_union | url-status = live }}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 37%, based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.metacritic.com/movie/xxx-state-of-the-union | title = XXX: State of the Union reviews | work = [[Metacritic]] | access-date = 2017-01-20 | archive-date = 2010-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100923164218/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/xxx-state-of-the-union | url-status = live }}</ref> Audiences surveyed by [[CinemaScore]] gave the film a grade B+ on scale of A to F.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |title= Cinemascore |access-date= 2019-05-22 |archive-date= 2018-12-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>

Boo Allen of the Denton Record Chronicle called Ice Cube's XXX character "a chubby, surly, incomprehensible action hero".<ref>{{cite web | title = ROTTEN TOMATOES: Just what we need, a chubby, surly, incomprehensible action hero | website = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/xxx2_state_of_the_union/articles/1384898/just_what_we_need_a_chubby_surly_incomprehensible_action_hero |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081211134008/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/xxx2_state_of_the_union/articles/1384898/just_what_we_need_a_chubby_surly_incomprehensible_action_hero |archive-date=December 11, 2008 }}</ref> Jack Mathews of ''New York Daily Times'' gave the film a scoring of one out of four, explaining that "the chases, shootouts and explosions in this deafening, lamebrained wreck of a movie make the [[Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner|Road Runner]] cartoons look like [[National Geographic]] specials".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2005/04/29/xxx-marks-the-schlock/|title='XXX' MARKS THE SCHLOCK|website=[[New York Daily News]] |date=29 April 2005 }}</ref> Brian Orndorf of FilmJerk.com compared watching the film to running "headfirst at top speed into a brick wall".<ref>{{cite web |title= Reviews - XXX: State of the Union | url = https://www.filmjerk.com/reviews/2005/04/29/xxx-state-of-the-union/ | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061020030847/http://www.filmjerk.com/reviews/article.php?id_rev=566 |archive-date= 2006-10-20|website=FilmJerk.com| date = 29 April 2005 }}</ref> David Hiltbrand of the ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' said "the plot swings between pathetically implausible and aggressively stupid".<ref>http://ae.philly.com/entertainment/ui/philly/movie.html?id=301309&reviewId=17886{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Some critics liked the film. Mack Bates of the ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]'' praised Ice Cube's "trademark charisma and street sensibility,"<ref>http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=322097{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> while [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' called it "that rare B movie that’s rooted in gut-level stirrings of power and retaliation".<ref>{{cite magazine | date=4 May 2005 | author=Owen Gleiberman | author-link=Owen Gleiberman | magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] | title=Movie Review: XXX: State of the Union | url=https://ew.com/article/2005/05/16/xxx-state-union-3/ | access-date=15 November 2021 | archive-date=15 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115194422/https://ew.com/article/2005/05/16/xxx-state-union-3/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Phil Villarreal of ''[[Arizona Daily Star]]'' gave it a three out of four scoring, stating that "the movie appears to have employed a [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]] as its screenwriter, and it boasts all the elegance and character development of a ''[[The Transformers (TV series)|Transformers]]'' episode."<ref>{{cite news |last=Villarreal |first=Phil |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-daily-star-looking-for-action/158074261/ |title=Looking for action? 'XXX' marks the spot |date=April 28, 2005 |access-date=October 29, 2024 |page=61 |work=[[Arizona Daily Star]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> Paul Arendt of the [[BBC]] said, "Viewed on its own trashy terms, it succeeds brilliantly".<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/25/xxx2_the_next_level_2005_review.shtml | title = XXX2: The Next Level | author = Paul Arendt | date = 28 April 2005 | work = BBC | access-date = 4 October 2008 | archive-date = 1 May 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050501151427/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/04/25/xxx2_the_next_level_2005_review.shtml | url-status = live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0329774|XXX: State of the Union}}
* {{TCMDb title|id=546855}}
* {{AFI film|63639}}
* {{Metacritic film|title=XXX: State of the Union}}
* {{Mojo title|xxx2|XXX: State of the Union}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|xxx_state_of_the_union}}

{{XXX}}
{{Lee Tamahori}}
{{Simon Kinberg}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:XXX: State of the Union}}
[[Category:2005 American films]]
[[Category:2005 English-language films]]
[[Category:2000s spy films]]
[[Category:2005 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:American action thriller films]]
[[Category:American sequel films]]
[[Category:American spy action films]]
[[Category:American spy films]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:English-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about coups d'état]]
[[Category:Films about fictional presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:Films about terrorism]]
[[Category:Films directed by Lee Tamahori]]
[[Category:Films produced by Neal H. Moritz]]
[[Category:Films scored by Marco Beltrami]]
[[Category:Films set in the White House]]
[[Category:Films set in Virginia]]
[[Category:Films set in Washington, D.C.]]
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[[Category:Films shot in Baltimore]]
[[Category:Films shot in California]]
[[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]]
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[[Category:Films with screenplays by Simon Kinberg]]
[[Category:Original Film films]]
[[Category:Revolution Studios films]]
[[Category:American techno-thriller films]]
[[Category:XXX (film series)|*2]]

Battle of Pulo Aura

2026-03-06T11:18:28Z

Nonebotnone50: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{short description|Minor naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict = Battle of Pulo Aura
|partof = the [[Napoleonic Wars]]
|image = Robert Dodd - Commodore Dance's celebrated action against a French squadron.jpg
|caption = ''Commodore Dance's celebrated action against a French squadron in the Straits of Malacca on 15th. February 1804'' [[Robert Dodd (artist)|Robert Dodd]], 1804
|date = 15 February 1804
|place = Off [[Aur Island|Pulo Aura]], South China Sea
|result = British victory
|combatant1 = [[East India Company]]
|combatant2 = {{ubli|[[French First Republic|France]] | [[Batavian Commonwealth]]}}
|commander1 = [[Nathaniel Dance]]
|commander2 = [[Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois|Charles-Alexandre Linois]]
|strength1 = {{ubli|29 merchant ships | 1 brig}}
|strength2 = {{ubli|1 ship of the line | 2 frigates | 1 corvette | 1 brig}}
|casualties1 = {{ubli|1 wounded | 1 killed}}
|casualties2 = None
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean}}
}}

The '''Battle of Pulo Aura''' was a minor naval engagement of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] fought on 14 February 1804, in which a large British [[East India Company]] (EIC) convoy intimidated, drove off and chased away a powerful [[French Navy]] squadron. Although the French squadron was much stronger than the British convoy, Commodore [[Nathaniel Dance]]'s aggressive tactics persuaded Counter-admiral [[Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois]] to retire after only a brief exchange of fire. Dance then chased the French squadron until his convoy was out of danger, whereupon he resumed his passage toward [[Company rule in India|British India]].

The battle occurred during an extended [[commerce raiding]] operation by Linois' squadron, led by the [[ship of the line]] ''[[French ship Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)|Marengo]]''. In 1803, before war broke out, Linois sailed to the [[Indian Ocean]] to install garrisons in French and [[Batavian Republic|Batavian]] colonies and target British merchantmen. A prime target was the "China Fleet", a convoy of East Indiamen carrying millions of [[pound sterling|pounds]]' worth of trade goods. Although escorted by smaller merchant ships, the only available escort warship was the EIC armed [[brig]] ''Ganges''. Dutch informants told Linois of the fleet's destination and date of departure from [[Guangzhou|Canton]] while he was at [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]], and he set sail on 28 December 1803, eventually locating the convoy in early February.

Although no warships protected the convoy, Dance knew that lookouts could mistake a large East Indiaman for a ship of the line. He had his Indiamen form a line of battle and raise flags suggesting his fleet included part of the Royal Navy squadron operating in the Indian Ocean. Although Linois's ships were clearly superior, the bold British response unsettled him, and he quickly broke off combat. Dance maintained the ruse, aggressively pursuing Linois for two hours until the convoy was safe. The successful deception ensured the valuable cargo reached Britain without loss.

King [[George III]] [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] Dance for his courage and various mercantile and patriotic organisations awarded him large sums of money, while both [[Napoleon]] and Linois's own officers personally castigated him for his failure to press the attack against a weaker and extremely valuable enemy. Although he remained in command of the squadron for another two years and had some minor success against undefended merchant ships, he suffered a string of defeats and inconclusive engagements against weaker British naval forces. Ironically, Linois was captured at the [[action of 13 March 1806]] by a numerically superior British battle squadron which he had mistaken for a merchant convoy.

==Background==
{{further|Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean}}
[[File:Battle of Pulau Aur, 1804 RCIN 735111.b.jpg|thumb|300px|An illustration of the China Fleet during the battle by [[Francis Sartorius|Francis Sartorius the Younger]] after a drawing by an officer onboard ''Henry Addington'']]

During the [[French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars]], the [[economy of the United Kingdom]] relied heavily on its ability to trade with the [[British Empire]], especially Britain's [[Company rule in India|valuable colonies in India]]. British trade with Asia was primarily conducted by the [[East India Company]] (EIC) using large, well-armed merchant ships known as [[East Indiaman|East Indiamen]].<ref name="RG101">''The Victory of Seapower'', Gardiner, p. 101</ref> These ships were between 500 and 1200 nominal tons burthen ([[Builder's Old measurement|bm]]) and could carry up to 36 guns to defend against pirates, [[privateer]]s, and smaller warships. However, they were not designed to fight large warships like [[frigate]]s or [[Ship of the line|ships of the line]], as their guns were often of inferior design and their crews less trained.<ref name="WLC337">Clowes, p. 337</ref>

Despite these disadvantages, East Indiamen's size made them resemble a small ship of the line from a distance, often augmented by paintwork and [[Quaker Gun|dummy cannon]].<ref name="SM190">Maffeo, p. 190</ref> In the [[Bali Strait incident]] of 28 January 1797, an unescorted convoy of British East Indiamen used this similarity to intimidate a French frigate squadron into withdrawing without a fight.<ref name="CNP106">Parkinson, p. 106</ref> A similar event occurred in February 1799 during the [[Macau Incident (1799)|Macau Incident]], where a Franco-Spanish squadron attacking a British merchant convoy was driven off by a small [[Royal Navy]] squadron escorting it.<ref name="RG161">''Nelson Against Napoleon'', Gardiner, p. 161</ref><ref name="NR546">Rodger, p. 546</ref> British East Indiamen would gather at Asian ports and set out for Britain in large convoys, often carrying millions of [[Pound sterling|pounds]]' worth of trade goods.<ref name= "RLA342">Adkins, p. 342</ref> The journey usually took six months, with the ships returning carrying troops and passengers to bolster British forces in Asia. "Country ships", smaller British merchantmen often unaffiliated with the EIC, would frequently join the convoys. To defend against pirate attacks, the EIC operated the [[Royal Indian Navy|Bombay Marine]]. These ships were an effective deterrent against small raiders but were no match for professional warships.<ref name="RG88">''The Victory of Seapower'', Gardiner, p. 88</ref>

Seeking to threaten British trade from the beginning of the war, [[Napoleon]] ordered a French squadron to sail for India in March 1803 under the command of Counter-cdmiral [[Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois]]. Linois's squadron included the ship of the line ''[[French ship Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)|Marengo]]'' and three frigates.<ref name="RW172">Woodman, p. 172</ref> Operating from [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|Isle de France]] (modern-day [[Mauritius]]), Linois was ordered to attack British shipping once war began. After sailing to [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and narrowly escaping from a British squadron under Rear-admiral [[Peter Rainier (Royal Navy officer, born 1741)|Peter Rainier]] in July, Linois received news of the outbreak of war in May 1803 and began making preparations. He landed supplies and troops at [[Réunion]] and [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]], sent the frigate {{Ship|French frigate|Atalante|1802|2}} to [[Muscat]], captured several country ships and raided [[British Bencoolen]].<ref name="WLC59">Clowes, p. 59</ref> On 10 December, after gathering intelligence about the British "China Fleet", Linois set sail to intercept it.<ref name="WJ3:213">James, Vol. 3, p. 213</ref> His squadron, including ''Marengo'', the frigates {{Ship|French frigate|Belle Poule|1802|2}} and {{Ship|French frigate|Sémillante|1791|2}}, the [[corvette]] {{Ship|French corvette|Berceau|1794|2}}, and the [[Batavian Navy]] [[brig]] {{Ship|Dutch brig|Avonturier||2}}, departed Batavia on 28 December with six months' worth of provisions, expecting a long patrol in the [[Strait of Malacca]].<ref name="WLC336">Clowes, p. 336</ref> The China Fleet, which gathered annually at [[Guangzhou|Canton]] in the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]], included 16 East Indiamen, 11 country ships, a Portuguese merchantmen from [[Portuguese Macau|Macau]], and a vessel from [[Botany Bay]] by late January 1804.<ref name="WJ3:248"/>

Despite the presence of the small EIC brig ''Ganges'' as an escort, the convoy had no real military protection, as the news of war had arrived in Canton before reinforcements could reach them. While spies in Canton informed Linois of the fleet's composition, Dutch informants also sent false reports suggesting Royal Navy warships were with the convoy, which were possibly planted by British authorities.<ref name="SM186">Maffeo, p. 186</ref> The convoy was an incredibly valuable target, with a cargo worth over £8 million in contemporary values, including tea, silk, porcelain, and 80 Chinese plants ordered by Sir [[Joseph Banks]] for the [[Kew Gardens]].<ref name="RG32"/> The EIC's [[Select committee (parliamentary system)|select committee]] in Canton had debated delaying the convoy's departure over security concerns. Captains of the convoy, including [[Henry Meriton]], who had captured a French frigate in the [[action of 4 August 1800]], argued that the convoy's size and appearance would deter attacks.<ref name="RW149">Woodman, p. 149</ref> However, [[James Farquharson]], the captain of {{ship||Alfred|1790 EIC ship|2}}, opposed Meriton, arguing the convoy's crews were too poorly trained to defend themselves effectively. Ultimately, the committee decided to proceed, placing Commodore [[Nathaniel Dance]]—with over 45 years of experience in the East Indiaman ''Earl Camden''—in charge of the convoy.<ref name="NT113">Tracy, p. 113</ref>

==Battle==

At 08:00 on 14 February 1804, with the island of [[Aur Island|Pulo Aura]] within sight to the south-west near the eastern entrance to the [[Straits of Malacca]], the Indiaman ''Royal George'' raised a signal describing three sail approaching the convoy from the direction of the island. This was Linois's squadron, which had been cruising in the area for the previous month in anticipation of the convoy's arrival. Dance ordered the brig ''Ganges'' and the Indiamen ''Alfred'', ''Royal George'', {{ship||Bombay Castle|1792 EIC ship|2}} and ''Hope'' to approach the strange vessels and investigate, rapidly discovering they were enemy warships. By 13:00, Dance had readied his guns and reformed his convoy, with the large Indiamen formed up in [[line of battle]] to receive the French attack as if they were warships.<ref name="NR546"/> During the late afternoon, Linois's squadron fell in behind the slow line of merchant ships and Dance expected an immediate attack, but Linois was cautious and merely observed the convoy, preferring to wait until the following morning before engaging the enemy.<ref name="WLC337"/> Dance made use of the delay to gather the smaller country ships on the opposite side of his line from the French, the brig ''Ganges'' shepherding them into position and collecting volunteers from their crews to augment the sailors on board the Indiamen.<ref name="WJ3:248">James, Vol. 3, p. 248</ref> Linois later excused his delay in attacking the merchant convoy by citing the need for caution:

{{blockquote|If the bold front put on by the enemy in the daytime had been intended as a ruse to conceal his weakness, he would have profited by the darkness of the night to endeavour to conceal his escape; and in that case should have taken advantage of his manoeuvres. But I soon became convinced that this security was not feigned; three of his ships constantly kept their lights up, and the fleet continued to lie to, in order of battle, throughout the night. This position facilitated my gaining the wind, and enabled me to observe the enemy closely.|Linois, quoted in translation in [[William James (naval historian)|William James]]' ''The Naval History of Great Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars'', Volume 3, 1827.<ref name=WJ3:249>James, Vol. 3, p. 249</ref>}}

At dawn on 15 February, both the British and the French raised their colours. Dance hoped to persuade Linois that his ships included some fully armed warships and he therefore ordered the brig ''Ganges'' and the four lead ships to hoist [[blue ensigns]], while the rest of the convoy raised [[red ensigns]]. By the system of national flags then in use in British ships, this implied that the ships with blue ensigns were warships attached to Rainer's squadron, while the others were merchant ships under their protection.<ref name="WLC337"/> Dance was unknowingly assisted by the information that had reached Linois at Batavia, which claimed that there were 23 merchant ships and the brig in the convoy. Dance had collected six additional ships during his journey, and the identity of these were unknown to the French, who assumed that at least some of the unidentified vessels must be warships, particularly as several vessels had been recently painted at Canton to resemble ships of the line.<ref name="WJ3:249">James, Vol. 3, p. 249</ref>

[[File:Strait of Malacca and Pulau Aur, 1804 RCIN 735108 (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Defeat of Adml. Linois by Commodore Dance, Feby. 15th. 1804'', [[William Daniell]]|alt=On a choppy sea two lines of sailing vessels, one of at least three ships and one of five ships, fire clouds of smoke at one another.]]

At 09:00 Linois was still only observing the convoy, reluctant to attack until he could be sure of the nature of his opponents. Dance responded to the reprieve by reforming the line of battle into sailing formation to increase his convoy's speed with the intention of reaching the Straits ahead of Linois.<ref name="RG32">''The Campaign of Trafalgar'', Gardiner, p. 32</ref> With the convoy a less intimidating target, Linois began to slowly approach the British ships.<ref name= "RW195">Woodman, p. 195</ref> By 13:00 it was clear that Linois's faster ships were in danger of isolating the rear of the convoy, and Dance ordered his lead ships to [[tacking (sailing)|tack]] and come about so they would cross in front of the French squadron. The British successfully executed the manoeuvre, and at 13:15 Linois opened fire on the lead ship—''Royal George''—under the command of John Fam Timmins.<ref name="WJ3:249"/> The ''Royal George'' and the next four ships in line, the Indiaman ''Ganges'', Dance's ''Earl Camden'', the ''[[Warley (1796 ship)|Warley]]'' and the ''Alfred'', all returned fire, ''Ganges'' initially attacking ''Royal George'' in error. Captain James Prendergrass in ''Hope'', the next in line, was so eager to join the battle that he misjudged his speed and collided with ''Warley'', the ships falling back as their crews worked to separate their rigging.<ref name="RG32"/> Shots were then exchanged at long range for 43 minutes, neither side inflicting severe damage.<ref name="SM187">Maffeo, p. 187</ref>

''Royal George'' had a sailor named Hugh Watt killed, another man wounded, and suffered some damage to her hull. None of the other British ships or any of the French reported anything worse than superficial damage in the engagement.<ref name="WLC338">Clowes, p. 338</ref> At 14:00, Linois abandoned the action and ordered his squadron to haul away with the wind and sail eastwards, away from the convoy, under all sail. Determined to maintain the pretence of the presence of warships, Dance ordered the ships flying naval ensigns, including his flagship ''Earl Camden'', to chase the French. None of the merchant ships could match the French speed, but an attempt at a chase would hopefully dissuade the French from returning.<ref name="WLC338"/> For two hours, Dance's squadron followed Linois, ''Hope'' coming close to catching ''Avonturier'' but ultimately unable to overtake the brig. At 16:00, Dance decided to gather his scattered ships and return to his former heading rather than risk attack from other raiders or lose sight of his convoy in the darkness. By 20:00, the entire British convoy had anchored at the entrance to the Straits of Malacca.<ref name= "WJ3:250"/> On 28 February, the British ships of the line {{HMS|Sceptre|1802|6}} and {{HMS|Albion|1802|2}} joined them in the Strait and conducted them safely to [[Saint Helena]] in the South Atlantic.<ref name=LL4478>''[[Lloyd's List]]'', [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005721504?urlappend=%3Bseq=337 n°4478.]</ref>

There {{HMS|Plantagenet|1801|6}} escorted the convoy to England. Five whalers and {{ship||Carmarthen|1802 ship|2}}, Captain Doree, also joined the convoy, with the ''Blackhouse'', from coast of Guinea, joining at sea.<ref name=LG15726/>{{efn|The five whalers were the ''William Fenning'', {{ship||Brook Watson|1802 ship|2}}, ''Thomas'' (or ''Young Tom''), ''Betsey'' and ''Eliza''.<ref name=LG15726/>}} The convoy returned to England without further incident.<ref name= "RW195"/>

Linois's squadron reached Batavia several days after the action without encountering any British ships. He was there joined by ''Atalante'' and, after taking on supplies, made sail for Isle de France, arriving on 2 April.<ref name="WJ3:277">James, Vol. 3, p. 277</ref> ''Avonturier'' was left at Batavia and remained there until British forces [[Raid on Batavia (1806)|raided the port]] in November 1806, destroying her.<ref name="LG2">{{London Gazette|issue=16044|page=894|date=4 July 1807}}</ref> Linois later attempted to explain his conduct during the engagement:

{{blockquote|The ships which had tacked rejoined those which were engaging us, and three of the engaging ships manoeuvred to double our rear, while the remainder of the fleet, crowding sail and bearing up, evinced an intention to surround us. By this manoeuvre the enemy would have rendered my situation very dangerous. The superiority of his force was ascertained, and I had no longer to deliberate on the part I should take to avoid the consequence of an unequal engagement: profiting by the smoke, I hauled up to port, and steering east-north-east, I increased by distance from the enemy, who continued the pursuit of the squadron for three hours, discharging at it several broadsides.|Linois, quoted in translation in [[William James (naval historian)|William James]]' ''The Naval History of Great Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars'', Volume 3, 1827.<ref name=WJ3:250>James, Vol. 3, p. 250</ref>}}

===Orders of battle===
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
|-valign="top"
!colspan="11" bgcolor="white"|Honourable East India Company China Fleet
|- valign="top"|- valign="top"
!width=20%; align= center | Ship
!width=25%; align= center | Commander
!width=30%; align= center | Notes
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Earl Camden|1802 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Commodore [[Nathaniel Dance]]
|align= left | Flagship of the convoy. Engaged for 25 minutes
|- valign="top"
|align= left | ''[[Warley (1796 ship)|Warley]]''
|align= left | Captain [[Henry Wilson (sailor)|Henry Wilson]]
| align= left | Engaged for 15 minutes.
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Alfred|1790 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[James Farquharson (sailor)|James Farquharson]]
|align= left | Engaged for 15 minutes.
|- valign="top"
|align= left | [[Royal George (1802 EIC ship)|''Royal George'']]
|align= left | Captain [[John Fam Timins]]
| align= left | Engaged for 40 minutes. Suffered light damage, with one man killed and one wounded.
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Coutts|1797 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[Robert Torin]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Wexford|1802 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[William Stanley Clarke]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | [[Ganges (1797 EIC ship)|''Ganges'']]
|align= left | Captain [[William Moffat (sailor)|William Moffat]]
|align= left | Engaged for 35 minutes.
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Exeter|1792 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[Henry Meriton]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Earl of Abergavenny|1796 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[John Wordsworth (sailor)|John Wordsworth]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Henry Addington|1800 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[John Kirkpatrick (sailor)|John Kirkpatrick]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Bombay Castle|1792 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[Archibald Hamilton (sailor)|Archibald Hamilton]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Cumberland|1802 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[William Ward Farrer]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Hope|1797 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[James Prendergrass]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Dorsetshire|1800 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[Robert Hunter Brown]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | [[Warren Hastings (1802 EIC ship)|''Warren Hastings'']]
|align= left | Captain [[Thomas Larkins]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{ship||Ocean|1800 EIC ship|2}}
|align= left | Captain [[John Christian Lochner]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|colspan="9" align="left"|Eleven country ships, none of which would engage the French, accompanied the convoy: {{ship||Lord Castlereagh|1803 ship|2}}, {{ship||Carron|1792 ship|2}}, {{ship||David Scott|1801 Bombay ship|2}}, ''Minerva'', ''Ardeseer'', {{ship||Charlotte|1803 ship|2}}, ''Friendship'', ''Shau Kissaroo'', ''Jahaungeer'', {{ship||Gilwell|1801 ship|2}} and ''Neptune''. The EIC armed brig ''Ganges'' also joined the convoy. A Portuguese vessel from [[Macau]] and the ''[[Rolla (1800 ship)|Rolla]]'' from [[Botany Bay]] in [[Colony of New South Wales|New South Wales]] were supposed to join the convoy but they missed the fleet sailing and never joined.
|- valign="top"
|colspan="9" align="left"|Source: ''London Gazette''<ref name=LG15726>{{London Gazette|issue=15726|pages=955–956|date=7 August 1804}}</ref>
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" width=100%
|-valign="top"
!colspan="11" bgcolor="white"|Admiral Linois's squadron
|- valign="top"|- valign="top"
!width=15%; align= center | Ship
!width=5%; align= center | Guns
!width=25%; align= center | Commander
!width=30%; align= center | Notes
|- valign="top"
|align= left | ''[[French ship Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)|Marengo]]''
|align= center | 74
|align= left | Counter-admiral [[Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois]] Captain [[Joseph-Marie Vrignaud]]
|align= left | In his after-action report, Dance noted that upon arriving at Malacca he was informed that ''Marengo'' mounted 84 guns.<ref name=LG15726/>
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{Ship|French frigate|Belle Poule|1802|2}}
|align= center | 40
|align= left | Captain [[Alain-Adélaïde-Marie Bruilhac]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{Ship|French frigate|Sémillante|1791|2}}
|align= center | 32
|align= left | Captain [[Léonard-Bernard Motard]]
|align= left |
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{Ship|French corvette|Berceau|1794|2}}
|align= center | 30
|align= left | Captain [[Emmanuel Halgan]]
|align= left | Dance was also informed ''Berceau'' was a 28-gun corvette.<ref name=LG15726/>
|- valign="top"
|align= left | {{Ship|Dutch brig|Avonturier||2}}
|align= center | 18
|align= left | Unknown
|align= left | Dance was informed that the ship was actually the 18-gun brig ''William'' (in actuality a 24-gun corvette).<ref name=LG15726/>
|- valign="top"
|colspan="9" align="left"|Source: James, Vol. 3, p. 248; Clowes, p. 336
|-
|}

==Aftermath==
[[File:Commodore Sir Nathaniel Dance.jpg|thumb|upright|1805 portrait of Dance]]

Nathaniel Dance and his fellow captains were highly praised in the aftermath of the battle: in saving the convoy they had prevented both the EIC and [[Lloyd's of London]] from likely financial ruin, the repercussions of which would have had profound effects across the British Empire.<ref name="SM193">Maffeo, p. 193</ref> The various commanders and their crews were presented with a £50,000 prize fund to be divided among them, and the [[Lloyd's Patriotic Fund]] and other national and mercantile institutions made a series of awards of ceremonial swords, silver plate and monetary gifts to individual officers. Lloyd's Patriotic Fund gave each captain a sword worth £50, and one to Royal Navy Lieutenant [[Robert Merrick Fowler]], travelling as a passenger on ''Earl Camden'', and one worth £100 to Nathaniel Dance.<ref name="WJ3:251"/>

Dance was specifically rewarded, receiving royal recognition when he was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] by King [[George III]]. He was also personally presented with the sum of £5,000 by the Bombay Insurance Company and an additional £500 a year for life by the EIC. Dance immediately retired from the sea to [[Enfield Town]], where he died in 1827.<ref name="NT114">Tracy, p. 114</ref> He refused to take full credit for the survival of the convoy, writing in reply to the award from the Bombay Insurance Company:

{{blockquote|Placed, by the adventitious circumstances of seniority of service and absence of convoy, in the chief command of the fleet {{not a typo|intrusted}} to my care, it has been my good fortune to have been enabled, by the firmness of those by whom I was supported, to perform my trust not only with fidelity, but without loss to my employers. Public opinion and public rewards have already far outrun my deserts; and I cannot but be sensible that the liberal spirit of my generous countrymen has measured what they are pleased to term their grateful sense of my conduct, rather by the particular utility of the exploit, than by any individual merit I can claim.|Nathaniel Dance, quoted in [[William James (naval historian)|William James]]' ''The Naval History of Great Britain during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars'', Volume 3, 1827.<ref name=WJ3:252>James, Vol. 3, p. 252</ref>}}

Among the passengers on the Indiamen were a number of Royal Navy personnel, survivors of the shipwreck of the exploratory vessel {{HMS|Porpoise|1799|6}} off the coast of [[Colony of New South Wales|New South Wales]] the previous year.<ref name= "RW194">Woodman, p. 194</ref> This party—carried aboard ''Ganges'', ''Royal George'' and ''Earl Camden''—volunteered to assist the gun teams aboard their ships and Dance specifically thanked them in his account of the action. One was Lieutenant Robert Merrick Fowler, the former commander of ''Porpoise'', who distinguished himself in a variety of capacities during the engagement. Some of the party had influential careers in the Navy, including the naval architect [[James Inman]], who sailed on ''Warley'', and [[John Franklin]], who later became a polar explorer.<ref name=AJB440>Brown, p. 440.</ref>

Linois continued his raiding, achieving some success against individual sailing ships, but failing to press successfully his numerical superiority against British naval forces; most notably at the [[Battle of Vizagapatam]] on 15 September 1804 and the [[action of 6 August 1805]]. Ironically, Linois was eventually captured at the [[action of 13 March 1806]] after mistaking a squadron of British ships of the line for a merchant convoy in the mid-Atlantic.<ref name="RG29">''The Victory of Seapower'', Gardiner, p. 29</ref> Linois was concerned throughout the engagement for the safety of his ships: with the nearest dockyard over {{cvt|3000|nmi|mi km|lk=in}} away at Isle de France, he could not afford to suffer severe damage to his rigging or masts that would leave his squadron crippled.<ref name="SM191">Maffeo, p. 191</ref> He also sought to defend his behaviour off Pulo Aura with the claim that the British convoy was protected by as many as eight ships of the line, and that he had performed heroically in saving his squadron from this overwhelming force.<ref name="WJ3:250">James, Vol. 3, p. 250</ref>

Subsequent historians have ridiculed this latter statement: [[William James (naval historian)|William James]] wryly commented in his account of the action, written in 1827, that "it would be uncharitable to call into question the courage of Rear-admiral Linois"<ref name="WJ3:251">James, Vol. 3, p. 251</ref> and [[William Laird Clowes]] said in 1900 that "his timidity and want of enterprise threw away a great opportunity".<ref name= "WLC339">Clowes, p. 339</ref> [[Nicholas A. M. Rodger]], writing in 2004, was even more critical, insisting that "his [Linois's] officers do not seem to have been fooled, and it is extremely difficult to believe that he was." He goes on to suggest that no experienced seaman could possibly have mistaken a poorly manned and poorly trained merchant crew for the crew of a real British ship of the line, concluding that "Linois had thrown away a prize worth at least £8 million through mere timidity".<ref name="NR546"/> The most scathing criticism of Linois's conduct came from Napoleon himself, who wrote to [[List of naval ministers of France|Minister of the Marine]] [[Denis Decrès]] on the subject, stating:

{{blockquote|All the enterprises at sea which have been undertaken since I became the head of the Government have missed fire because my admirals see double and have discovered, I know not how or where, that war can be made without running risks ... Tell Linois that he has shown want of courage of mind, that kind of courage which I consider the highest quality in a leader.|Napoleon, quoted in translation in [[William Laird Clowes]]' ''The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to 1900'', Volume 5, 1900.<ref name=WLC339>Clowes, p. 339</ref>}}

==See also==
* [[Frederick Marryat]]'s 1832 novel ''[[Newton Forster]]''
* [[Patrick O'Brian]]'s 1973 novel ''[[HMS Surprise (novel)|HMS Surprise]]''

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book | last = Adkins | first = Roy & Lesley | year = 2006 | title = The War for All the Oceans | publisher = Abacus | isbn = 978-0-349-11916-8}}
* {{cite book | last = Brown | first = Anthony Jarrold | year = 2008 | title = Ill-Starred Captains: Flinders & Baudin | publisher = Fremantle Press | isbn = 978-1-921361-29-6 }}
* {{cite book | last = Clowes | first = William Laird | author-link = William Laird Clowes | year = 1997 | orig-year = 1900 | title = The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V | publisher = Chatham Publishing | isbn = 1-86176-014-0 }}
* {{cite book | editor =Gardiner, Robert | year = 2001 | orig-year= 1996 | title = Nelson Against Napoleon | publisher = Caxton Editions | location = London | isbn = 1-86176-026-4}}
* {{cite book | editor =Gardiner, Robert | year = 2001 | orig-year = 1998 | title = The Campaign of Trafalgar | publisher = Caxton Editions
| isbn = 1-84067-358-3 }}
* {{cite book | editor =Gardiner, Robert | year = 2001 | orig-year = 1998 | title = The Victory of Seapower | publisher = Caxton Editions | isbn = 1-84067-359-1 }}
* {{cite book | last = James | first = William | author-link = William James (naval historian) | year = 2002 | orig-year = 1827 | title = The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 3, 1800–1805 | publisher = Conway Maritime Press | isbn = 0-85177-907-7 }}
* {{cite book | last = Maffeo | first =Steven E. | year = 2000 | title = Most Secret and Confidential: Intelligence in the Age of Nelson | publisher = Chatham Publishing | location = London | isbn = 1-86176-152-X }}
* {{cite book | last = Parkinson | first = C. Northcote | author-link = C. Northcote Parkinson | year = 1954 | title = War in the Eastern Seas, 1793–1815 | publisher = George Allen & Unwin Ltd. | location = London }}
* {{cite book | last = Rodger | first = N.A.M. | author-link = Nicholas Rodger | year = 2004 | title = The Command of the Ocean | publisher = Allan Lane | isbn = 0-7139-9411-8 }}
* {{cite book | last = Tracy | first = Nicholas | year = 1998 | title = Who's Who in Nelson's Navy; 200 Naval Heroes | publisher = Chatham Publishing | isbn = 1-86176-244-5 }}
* {{cite book | last = Woodman | first = Richard | author-link = Richard Woodman | year = 2001 | title = The Sea Warriors | publisher = Constable Publishers | isbn = 1-84119-183-3 }}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Battle of Pulo Aura}}

{{featured article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pulo Aura}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1804]]
[[Category:Naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving the Batavian Republic]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Naval battles involving France]]
[[Category:Strait of Malacca]]
[[Category:February 1804]]

Veera Abhimanyu (1965 film)

2026-03-04T05:13:11Z

Nonebotnone50: New

{{short description|1965 film by V. Madhusudhana Rao}}
{{distinguish|Veerabhimanyu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Veera Abhimanyu 1965 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
| screenplay = S. I. Peruman (dialogues)
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Mahabharata]]''}}
| producer = Sundarlal Nahta [[Doondi]]
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] [[A. V. M. Rajan]] [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]
| cinematography = Ravi
| editing = N. S. Prakasam
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = Rajalakshmi Productions
| released = {{film date|1965|8|20|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Veera Abhimanyu''''' is a 1965 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]] directed by [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]] and produced by Sunderlal Nahta and [[Doondi]]. Based on [[Abhimanyu]], a character from the Indian epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', the film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] leading an [[ensemble cast]], including [[A. V. M. Rajan]] portraying the title character, [[A. V. M. Rajan]] and [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]. It was simultaneously filmed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Veerabhimanyu]]'', with a largely different cast retaining Kanchana. The film was released on 20 August 1965, and failed commercially.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=June 2022}}
The [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]]n explains to his pregnant wife [[Subhadra]]i the nuances of entering the ''[[Chakravyuha]]'', a deadly war-plan created by [[Drona]]n. [[Abhimanyu]], the child in Subhadrai's womb, listens to it. When Arjunan is about to explain how to come out of it, [[Krishna]]n shows up and diverts the topic. While the Pandavas are in the [[Virata Kingdom]] during the ''agnaatvaas'', Abhimanyu grows up at [[Dvārakā|Dwaraka]] as a valiant warrior. While chasing [[Uttara (Mahabharata)|Uthrakumaran]], Abhimanyu enters King [[Virata]]'s garden and meets [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uthrai]], and they both fall in love. Abhimanyu seeks [[Ghatotkacha]]n's support to marry Uthrai.

When the Pandavas' ''agnaatvaas'' ends, the marriage of Abhimanyu and Uthrai is conducted. Upon returning, the Pandavas seek their share of the kingdom, but the [[Kaurava]] prince [[Duryodhana]]n refuses to part with even five villages, leading to the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Drona creates the ''Chakravyuha'' to stop Abhimanyu, who is slayed by the Kauravas through deceit. To a devastated Arjunan, Krishna conveys, through his ''[[Vishvarupa]]'', the truth about the circle of life.

== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-break|width=20%}}
; Male cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[Gemini Ganesan]] as [[Krishna]]n
* [[K. Balaji|Balaji]] as [[Arjuna]]n
* [[A. V. M. Rajan]] as [[Abhimanyu]]
* [[T. K. Bhagavathi]] as [[Duryodhana]]n
* [[Nagesh]] as [[Uttara (Mahabharata)|Uthrakumaran]]
* [[O. A. K. Thevar]] as [[Ghatotkacha]]n
* [[S. V. Sahasranamam]] as King [[Virata]]
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as [[Bhima]]n
* M. R. Rajarathnam as [[Shakuni]]
* M. K. Mustafa as [[Drona]]n
* Natarajan as [[Yudhishthira|Dharuman]]
* T. K. Vijayan as [[Indra]]n
{{col-break|width=20%}}
;Male cast (continued)
* Mahalingam as [[Balarama]]n
* K. V. S. Sharma as [[Bhishma]]r
* Kadhiresan as [[Karna]]n
* [[Karikol Raju]] as Neelamegan
* S. R. Gopal as Karmegam
* Bangalore Sundaram as Laknakumar
* [[K. K. Soundar]] as [[Jayadratha]]n
* Dhanapal as [[Susharma]]n
* S. A. G. Swami as [[Dushasana|Dushathanan]]
* Jayaraman as [[Ashwatthama|Aswathama]]
* Ragunatha Rao as [[Sahadeva]]n
* Koteeswara Rao as [[Kripa]]charya
* Vijayakumar as [[Nakula]]n
{{col-break|width=20%}}
; Female cast<ref name="songbook" />
* [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uthrai]]
* [[G. Varalakshmi]] as [[Draupadi|Panjali]]
* [[S. Varalakshmi]] as [[Subhadra]]i
* Malathi as [[Sudeshna]]
* [[Geetanjali (actress)|Geethanjali]] as Dancer
* Sujatha as Madhavi
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
''Veera Abhimanyu'' revolves around [[Abhimanyu]], a character in the Indian epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Directed by [[V. Madhusudhana Rao]] and produced by Sunderlal Nahta and [[Doondi]] under the banner Rajalakshmi Productions, it was simultaneously produced in Tamil and Telugu languages, the latter as ''[[Veerabhimanyu]]'' which featured a largely different cast.<ref name="veerabhimanyu" /> In Tamil, [[A. V. M. Rajan]] played the title role of Abhimanyu,<ref name="songbook" /> and [[Gemini Ganesan]] played [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaraj |first=D. B. S. |date=11 July 2015 |title="Kaadhal Mannan" Gemini Ganesan, romantic actor king of Tamil cinema |work=[[Daily FT]] |url=http://www.ft.lk/columns/kaadhal-mannan-gemini-ganesan-romantic-actor-king-of-tamil-cinema/4-444263 |url-status=live |access-date=18 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618160709/http://www.ft.lk/columns/kaadhal-mannan-gemini-ganesan-romantic-actor-king-of-tamil-cinema/4-444263 |archive-date=18 June 2018}}</ref> They were replaced in Telugu by [[Sobhan Babu]] and [[N. T. Rama Rao]], respectively.<ref name="veerabhimanyu" /> [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] played [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uttara]] in both versions.<ref name="songbook" /><ref name="veerabhimanyu" /> Since Kanchana was familiar with the story and already knew what Uttara would go through, she was comfortable when facing the camera.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vandhana |date=17 January 2019 |title='I May Not Agree with the Films We Make, But We Have To Soldier On': An Interview With Actress Kanchana |url=https://silverscreen.in/features/i-may-not-agree-with-the-films-we-make-or-the-society-we-live-in-but-we-have-to-soldier-on-an-interview-with-actress-kanchana/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190121052600/https://silverscreen.in/features/i-may-not-agree-with-the-films-we-make-or-the-society-we-live-in-but-we-have-to-soldier-on-an-interview-with-actress-kanchana/ |archive-date=21 January 2019 |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref> The screenplay was written by S. I. Peruman, cinematography was handled by Ravi, the editing by N. S. Prakasam, and the art direction by S. Krishna Rao.<ref name="songbook" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], and the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref name="songbook" /> The song "Paarthen, Sirithen" is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] known as [[Sahana (raga)|Sahana]].{{sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=152}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mani |first=Charulatha |author-link=Charulatha Mani |date=27 April 2012 |title=A Raga's Journey – Soothing Sahana |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-soothing-sahana/article3360309.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106172448/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-ragas-journey-soothing-sahana/article3360309.ece |archive-date=6 November 2013}}</ref> While in [[Tiruppur]], Kannadasan was relaxing after a meal. His assistant requested him to write a "sweet song"; immediately, Kannadasan broke into the verse "Paarthen sirithen pakkathil azhaithen, anru unaithen ena naan ninaithen, andha malaithen idhuvena malaithen"; each word ended with "then", meaning [[honey]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Govindarajulu |first=Rajesh |date=1 October 2014 |title=Those were the leaders |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/those-were-the-leaders/article6465358.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129164807/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/those-were-the-leaders/article6465358.ece |archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref> The word appears 65 times in the song.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மதிராஜ் |first=ஆர்.சி. |date=22 June 2018 |title=காலமெல்லாம் கண்ணதாசன் – 17 பார்த்தேன் சிரித்தேன்... |trans-title=Kannadasan forever – 17 I Saw and smiled... |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/series/3540-kalamellam-kannadasan-17.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190702081737/https://www.kamadenu.in/news/series/3540-kalamellam-kannadasan-17.html |archive-date=2 July 2019 |access-date=2 July 2019 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref> Kannadasan took inspiration from a poem by [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]], which used the same word five times.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2014 |title=" 'My Lord' more classical than colonial" |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/my-lord-more-classical-than-colonial/article6175597.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713053750/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/my-lord-more-classical-than-colonial/article6175597.ece |archive-date=13 July 2018}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sudha Balachandran praised the song's setting in the Sahana raga, and wrote that Kannadasan "penned lines with unique word-play, amazing puns and punctuated the verses with beautiful rhyming."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Sudha |date=25 May 2017 |title=Where does beauty lie? |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/where-does-beauty-lie/article18576230.ece |url-status=live |access-date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180803103855/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/where-does-beauty-lie/article18576230.ece |archive-date=3 August 2018}}</ref> Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]], who defines a "list song" as one where the "structure is that of a list, a catalogue of similar-sounding (or similar-meaning) things", called it a list of "dazzling rhymes".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=12 March 2016 |title=Lyrics from a laundry list |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/baradwaj-rangan-remembers-the-list-song-25-years-after-kabhi-tu-chhalia-lagta-hai/article8341588.ece |url-status=live |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201085715/http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/baradwaj-rangan-remembers-the-list-song-25-years-after-kabhi-tu-chhalia-lagta-hai/article8341588.ece |archive-date=1 December 2016}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Yugam Thorum Naan
| note1 =
| length1 =
| music1 =
| writer1 =
| extra1 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
| title2 = Velum Vizhiyum
| note2 =
| length2 =
| music2 =
| writer2 =
| extra2 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]]
| title3 = Thotta Idam
| note3 =
| length3 =
| music3 =
| writer3 =
| extra3 = P. Susheela
| title4 = Povom Pudhu Ulagam
| note4 =
| length4 =
| music4 =
| writer4 =
| extra4 = P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
| title5 = Paarthen, Sirithen
| note5 =
| length5 =
| music5 =
| writer5 =
| extra5 = P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
| title6 = Kallathaname Uruvai Vantha
| note6 =
| length6 =
| music6 =
| writer6 =
| extra6 = [[S. Janaki]]
| title7 = Koorayil Neruppinai
| note7 =
| length7 =
| music7 =
| writer7 =
| extra7 = Sirkazhi Govindarajan
| title8 = Neeyum Oru Pennanal
| note8 =
| length8 =
| music8 =
| writer8 =
| extra8 = P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
| title9 = Thuvakathil
| note9 =
| length9 =
| music9 =
| writer9 =
| extra9 = Sirkazhi Govindarajan
}}

== Release and reception ==

''Veera Abhimanyu'' was released on 20 August 1965,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 1965 |title=Veera Abhimanyu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19650820&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=17 June 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=12 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> eight days after ''Veerabhimanyu'' (12 August).<ref name="veerabhimanyu" /> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' lauded the film, particularly the performances of Ganesan Rajan, Balaji Thevar, Nagesh and Varalakshmi, in addition to the battle sequences.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 1965 |title=Gemini Ganesh excels in ''Veera Abhimanyu'' |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19650821&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=17 June 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Writing in ''[[Sport and Pastime]]'', T. M. Ramachandran too praised the film, primarily for the cast performances, the storytelling, the sets and the trick photography.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=18 September 1965 |title=A Glorious Page from Our Epics |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11921/page/n671/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230301045717/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.11921/page/n671/mode/2up |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=2 March 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=51 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=19}}</ref> Despite this, the film did not succeed commercially, and distributors blamed the producers for casting Ganesan (instead of Rama Rao) as Krishna.<ref name="veerabhimanyu" />

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="songbook">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNd3dUUDBPMVRuSW8/view |title=வீர அபிமன்யு |date=1965 |publisher=Rajalakshmi Productions |language=ta |type=[[song book]] |access-date=17 June 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="veerabhimanyu">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=10 November 2017 |title=Veerabhimanyu (1965) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veerabhimanyu-1965/article20104073.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617173654/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/veerabhimanyu-1965/article20104073.ece |archive-date=17 June 2018}}</ref>

</references>

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |location=Chennai |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{V. Madhusudhana Rao}}
[[Category:1965 Indian films]]
[[Category:1965 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1965 films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Madhusudhana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Guna Sundari

2026-03-04T05:05:25Z

Nonebotnone50: update article for consistency and corrected details as per guidelines

{{Other uses|Gunsundari (disambiguation){{!}}Gunsundari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Guna Sundari
| image = Guna Sundari.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao|K. Kameswara Rao]]
| writer = [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] (dialogues)
| story = [[Pingali Nagendra Rao]]
| producer = [[B. N. Reddy]] [[Chakrapani (filmmaker)|A. Chakrapani]]
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]
| cinematography = [[Marcus Bartley]]
| editing = C. P. Jambulingam G. Kalyanasundaram
| music = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
| studio = [[Vijaya Productions]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1955|12|16}}
| runtime = 15370 ft
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Guna Sundari''''' or '''''Gunasundari''''' is a 1955 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film starring [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]].<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1955 – குணசுந்தரி – விஜயா புரொடக்சன்ஸ்-குணசுந்தரி கதா(தெ) |trans-title=1955 – Guna Sundari – Vijaya Productions-Gunasundari Katha(te) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1955-cinedetails11.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914153006/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1955-cinedetails11.asp |archive-date=14 September 2016 |access-date=6 September 2016 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> The film was a remake of the 1949 Telugu film ''[[Gunasundari Katha]]''. It was not successful at the box office.<ref name="Narasimham">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=29 September 2012 |title=Gunasundari Katha (1949) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gunasundari-katha-1949/article3948788.ece |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930115544/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gunasundari-katha-1949/article3948788.ece |archive-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ugra Senan is the king of Dhara Nagaram. He has three daughters, Rupasundari, Hemasundari, and Gunasundari.

Gunasundari is the youngest. Their mother dies when Gunasundari is born. Ugra Senan brings up the three girls with the utmost care. After the girls are grown up, one day during a chat between father and daughters, the two older daughters declare that the father is the most important person in a girl's life. However, Gunasundari differs from them and says that the husband is the most important person in a girl's life. Father Ugra Senan becomes displeased and angry at Gunasundari. He marries off the two older daughters to their cousins. But to teach Gunasundari a lesson, he marries her off to an aged pauper with a physical deformity.

After the wedding, the king learns that the pauper is actually a young prince but suffers from a curse. The king orders Gunasundari and her husband to leave his kingdom. They then live in a hut outside the kingdom.

The king becomes ill. The native physicians say his illness can be cured only with a rare gem called Mahendra Mani. Gunasundari's husband goes in search of the gem and succeeds in finding it. He is turned into a bear due to another curse. His two elder brothers-in-law rob the gem from him and give it to the king who is then cured.

Gunasundari prays to [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] and [[Parvati]] regularly. Shiva and Parvati are pleased with her devotion and bless her and her husband. Relieved of his curses, Gunasundari's husband regains his handsome princely form.

The king learns the truth. He recalls Gunasundari and her husband back to the kingdom and crowns them King and Queen.

== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
* [[Gemini Ganesan|R. Ganesh]] as prince
* M. E. Madhavan as deformed prince
* [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Ugrasenan
* [[M. N. Nambiar]] as second son-in-law
* [[A. Karunanidhi]] as Eldest son-in-law
* Duraisami
* [[V. M. Ezhumalai]]
* [[Rajanala Nageswara Rao|R. Nageswara Rao]]
* C. V. V. Panthulu
* R. S. Ramaswamy
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]]
* Balakrishna
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Gunasundari
* Lakshmi Prabha as Rupasundari
* [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Hemasundari
* [[T. G. Kamala Devi|A. Kamala Chandrababu]]
* T. N. Meenakshi
* [[Rushyendramani]]
* Seetha
* Rajani
* Dhanam
* ''Kumari'' Thulasi
* ''Baby'' Sharada
* ''Baby'' Jaya & Nirmala
* ''Baby'' Uma & Komala
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
[[B. N. Reddy]] and [[Aluri Chakrapani|A. Chakrapani]] produced the film under the banner [[Vijaya Productions]]. The film was made in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the title ''[[Gunasundari Katha]]''<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> with [[Sriranjani Jr.|Sriranjani]] and Kasturi Siva Rao. The Telugu film was released in 1949.<ref name="Narasimham" /> The film is said to be inspired by Shakespeare's ''[[King Lear]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran |date=23 April 2016 |title=Of monologues and melodrama |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/theodore-baskaran-on-shakespeareinspired-tamil-films/article8510087.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181102080351/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/theodore-baskaran-on-shakespeareinspired-tamil-films/article8510087.ece |archive-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]] and lyrics for all songs were penned by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]. [[Playback singer]]s are [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]], [[A. M. Rajah]], S. C. Krishnan, [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]], [[P. Leela]], [[Jikki]], [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] & Kamala.

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCF" align="center"
| '''No.''' || '''Song''' || '''Singers''' || Lyrics || '''Length (m:ss)'''
|-
| 1 || {{youtube|FAhp1FXoux0|Ho Brahmadevane}} || Ghantasala || rowspan=18|Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass || 02:56
|-
| 2 || {{youtube|fyooFOUxUS8|Ennaasai Kannaalane Arugil Vaadaa}} || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || 01:28
|-
| 3 || {{youtube|WrBaRcjEeO0|Kalaiye Un Vizhikooda}} || [[A. M. Rajah]] || 02:32
|-
| 4 || {{youtube|ato3aOOz5Jo|Adhuve Edhiril Varuvathurkkulle Adadaa Nadadaa}} || S. C. Krishnan & [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || 02:26
|-
| 5 || {{youtube|vlKhnGAkmmk|Jil Jil Jil Raani}} || [[Jikki]] || 02:34
|-
| 6 || {{youtube|NWlD2U2La70|Naan Seidha}} || A. M. Raja & P. Leela || 02:45
|-
| 7 || {{youtube|2BU00eGV8hs|Ammaiye Appaa Arutchelvame}} || Ghantasala & Kamala || 01:07
|-
| 8 || {{youtube|bxiHF2Magy8|Thaaragai Solaiyile Veniilaave}} || Jikki & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || 03:09
|-
| 9 || {{youtube|spim27pSwdA|Karpanai Bavaaniye Karunaiyamudhe}} || P. Leela || 03:05
|-
| 10 || {{youtube|FQhhCsu3TN8|Araaro Aariraro.... Poojaa Balam Petra}} || Ghantasala || 01:03
|-
| 11 || {{youtube|guTCBxIeyaw|Theindhu Kolluveer Theindhu Kolluveer}} || S. C. Krishnan & [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]] || 02:38
|-
| 12 || {{youtube|r5UVGu4UMNE|Ubagaara Gunaanidhiyaai Uruvaanavale Maadhaa}} || P. Leela || 02:49
|-
| 13 || {{youtube|DUuvzoifda0|Indha Ulaga Naadaga Medaiyadaa}} || [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]], S. C. Krishnan & [[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]] || 03:25
|-
| 14 || {{youtube|I6EppmFdrGE|O Maadhaa Vaaraai Kurai Kelaai}} || P. Leela || 03:04
|-
| 15 || {{youtube|plPBGUZ1-b0|Aatthirame....Vidhiyaa idhu Sadhiyaa}} || Ghantasala || 02:24
|-
| 16 || {{youtube|Mlsc5RFZly4|Thoodhu Sellum Kogilam}} || Jikki & K. Rani || 02:55
|-
| 17 || {{youtube|Npjob5WVobY|Thiruvodu Enthidum Paradhesiyaam}} || P. Leela || 02:03
|}

== Box office ==
''Gunasundari'' was a flop unlike the original.<ref name="Narasimham" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:1955 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films based on King Lear]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghantasala (musician)]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bulundi

2026-03-03T23:50:32Z

Nonebotnone50: formatting fix

{{short description|1981 film by Esmayeel Shroff}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bulundi
| image = Bulundi 1980.jpg
| caption = Film Poster
| director = [[Esmayeel Shroff]]
| producer = Mohan Rao
| writer = Moinuddin
| screenplay = [[Esmayeel Shroff]] Santosh-Tahir
| starring = [[Raaj Kumar]] [[Asha Parekh]] [[Danny Denzongpa]] [[Kim Yashpal|Kim]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = [[Rusi Billimoria]]
| editing = Rajoo
| studio = Shreekala Arts
| released = {{Film date|1981|01|30|df=yes}}
| runtime = 161 mins
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| gross = 
}}
'''''Bulundi''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1981|1981]] Hindi-language crime, thriller and drama film starring [[Raaj Kumar]], [[Asha Parekh]], [[Danny Denzongpa]], [[Kim Yashpal|Kim]] in pivotal roles.<ref name="Collections">{{cite book|title=Collections|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5UqAAAAYAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Update Video Publication}}</ref> It was directed by [[Esmayeel Shroff]] and its music was composed by [[R. D. Burman]].<ref name="Collections"/><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|author3=Professor of Critical Studies Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT246|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|pages=246–}}</ref> The film was declared a hit upon release by Box office India. It was remade in Tamil as ''[[Nermai]]'' (1985).

==Plot==
Professor Satish Khurana lives with his wife Sarla and sister Leena and enjoys a high reputation in the college where he is employed. One day, his friend Viju Mohanty requests him, via phone, to meet a rich businessman, Ranjeet Singh Lobo, to teach his son Manjeet private tuition. Satish, at first hesitates, but after meeting with Ranjeet, he accepts it. Manjeet was punctual in anything, but initially arrogant and disobedient, but after meeting with Satish he improved. Seeing this, Ranjeet's friends Madan Teja and Babulal Bhakri also request Satish for private tuition for their sons Vikram and Pawan respectively. After that, Satish is accused of divulging the questions via private tuition and is fired. Now, Satish doesn't know the background of Ranjeet, Madan and Babulal as he learns that they want to utilize him for their illegal work.

==Cast==
* [[Raaj Kumar]] as Professor Satish Khurana
* [[Asha Parekh]] as Sarla Khurana
* [[Danny Denzongpa]] as Ranjeet Singh Lobo / Manjeet Singh Lobo (dual role)
* [[Kim Yashpal|Kim]] as Leena Khurana
* [[Raj Kiran (Hindi film actor)|Raj Kiran]] as Vikram "Vicky" Teja
* [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Viju Mohanty
* [[Kader Khan]] as Madan Teja
* [[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as Babulal Bhakri
* [[Krishan Dhawan]] as Bhanodaya Khatri
* [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Pawan Bhakri
* [[Bharat Kapoor]] as Harish
* [[Chandrashekhar Dubey|C. S. Dubey]] as Professor
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as [[Item number|item dancer]] in bar in song "Tera Dil O Re Babu"
* [[Siddharth Kak]] as Inspector Salim

== Soundtrack ==
Lyricist: [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]

{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Abhi To Hum Hue Jawan"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Kaho Kahan Chale, Jahan Tum Le Chalo"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Hum Jab Ek Saath Hai Phir Yeh To Koi Daur Nahin"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Ab Raat Ho Gayi Jawan, Gesu Kamar Tak Dhale, Naghme Sunake Pyar Ke, Kar De Savera Manchale"
| Mohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle, [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], [[Dilraj Kaur]]
|-
| "Tera Dil O Re Babu"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Dil Se Dil Mile"
| [[R. D. Burman]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|0319121|Bulundi|1981 film}}

[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1981 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s action drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:1980 drama films]]
[[Category:1981 drama films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Tarak (film)

2026-03-03T21:35:30Z

Nonebotnone50: Stub...

{{short description|2017 film directed by Prakash}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Tarak poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Prakash (film director)|Prakash]]
| producer = Lakshana Dushyanth
| screenplay = Prakash M. S. Abishek
| story = [[Mahesh Rao]]
| starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] [[Sruthi Hariharan]] [[Shanvi Srivastava]] [[Devraj]]
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = A. V. Krishna Kumar
| editing = Sachin B. Ravi
| studio = Sri Chowdeshwari Cine Creations
| distributor = Sri Jai Mata Combines
| released = {{Film date|2017|09|29|df=y}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Tarak''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[melodrama]] film directed by [[Prakash (film director)|Prakash]] and produced by Dushyanth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14349-milana-prakash-s-film-with-darshan-titled-tarak.html |title=Milana Prakash's Film With Darshan Titled Tarak |work=Chitraloka |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=4 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104010433/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/14349-milana-prakash-s-film-with-darshan-titled-tarak.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film features [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Sruthi Hariharan]] and [[Shanvi Srivastava]] in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/feb/15/darshan-to-play-the-title-role-tarak-in-prakash-jayarams-next-1570991.html |title=Darshan to play the title role 'tarak' in Prakash Jayaram's next |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 February 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=17 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701075938/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/Feb/15/darshan-to-play-the-title-role-tarak-in-prakash-jayarams-next-1570991.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Devaraj]] and [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] feature in important supporting roles. The film Soundtrack and background score was composed by [[Arjun Janya]] and cinematography is by A. V. Krishna Kumar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/may/31/shanvi-and-sruthi-are-each-others-fangirls-1611381.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709193822/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/may/31/shanvi-and-sruthi-are-each-others-fangirls-1611381.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2017 |title=Shanvi and Sruthi are each other's fangirls |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 May 2017}}</ref>

The project marks the first film in the combination of Darshan with Prakash of ''[[Milana (film)|Milana]]'' fame and Darshan's 49th film to be released. Upon release, film met with positive reviews with the praise towards cast performances. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/darshans-49th-film-is-tarak |title=Darshan's 49th film is "Tarak" |publisher=News Karnataka |date=20 February 2017 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111000011/https://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/darshans-49th-film-is-tarak |url-status=live }}</ref> The filming began on 1 March 2017 in Bengaluru. Further, the shooting took place in Malaysia and for the song sequences, the team moved to Switzerland and Italy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14827-darshan-off-to-switzerland-for-tarak-shooting.html |title=Darshan Off To Switzerland For Tarak Shooting |publisher=Chitraloka |date=14 June 2017 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110200030/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/14827-darshan-off-to-switzerland-for-tarak-shooting.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=May 2025}}
Tarak meets Meera who falls for him. Later he too, reciprocates it. But one day, she challenges him to live without her for two months – while no one should learn about them. If he doesn't fall for others in that time, she will rebelieve him. He goes back to India to meet his grandfather, also Tarakram. Surprisingly his family fixes his marriage with Sneha who lives with them. Tarak must accept this because his grandfather would die soon. He tells Sneha about Meera and she accepts his decision. They then visit Meera. There they see that Meera is affected with cancer and will be dying soon. She had challenged him so that he would not know about her disease. She also gets her father remarried so that after her death, he would not feel lonely. Tarak and Sneha get emotional at this. Meera dies in the arms of Tarak. Tarak and Sneha return to India. Tarak says that he cannot marry her. So his family plans that Tarak will act like tying the Mangalsutra and Sneha's mother would tie it. While tying Tarak remembers Meera's words, "More than the memories of people we have lost, happiness of people who are there with us is important". He feels a drop of tear fall on his hand, which is from the eyes of Sneha's mother. To everybody's surprise, Tarak himself ties the knot. Everybody is happy upon seeing this.

The film ends with Tarak, Sneha and Meera (Tarak's daughter) visiting Meera's burial place and making a video call to the family; his grandfather is alive because of his desire to see his great-granddaughter's wedding, while the doctor who treated him died.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Tarak Ram
* [[Sruthi Hariharan]] as Sneha
* [[Shanvi Srivastava]] as Meera
* [[Devaraj]] as Tarak Ram, Tarak's Grandfather
* [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Sarasamma
*[[Sharath Lohitashwa]]
* [[Kuri Prathap]]
* Sangeetha
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
*[[Kuldeep]]
* Aravind Rao
* [[All Ok]]
* Master Mahendra
* Rohith Nagesh
* [[Chitra Shenoy]]
* Bhagyashri Rao
* [[Rajesh Nataranga]]
* Jasmine Kaar (in the song "Kudi Maga")<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/style-life/entertainment/taking-that-leap-to-be-an-actress-BI1129113 |title=Taking that leap to be an actress |work=The Sun Daily |date=19 July 2019 |accessdate=30 July 2019 |author=Sathiabalan, S. Indra |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728161744/https://www.thesundaily.my/style-life/entertainment/taking-that-leap-to-be-an-actress-BI1129113 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

==Production==
===Filming===
In November 2016, it was reported that the official launch for the Darshan's 49th venture with director Prakash would begin on 9 December 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/nov/15/muhurat-fixed-for-darshans-49th-film-with-prakash-1538954.html |title=Muhurat fixed for Darshan's 49th film with Prakash |work=The New Indian Express |date=16 November 2016}}</ref> Prakash, who was busy in the pre-production work, had already finalised the main technicians for the film. His brother-in-law Dushyanth who had earlier produced ''[[Milana (film)|Milana]]'' and ''Shree'' was roped in to produce the film. Since Darshan was involved in the shoot for his previous venture, ''[[Chakravarthy (2017 film)|Chakravarthy]]'', the team made the elaborate arrangements for the film to officially begin. The second schedule of the shoot took place in Malaysia. Following this, for some of the songs shoot, the unit moved to Switzerland and Italy.

===Casting===
After having worked with successful stars like [[Shiva Rajkumar]], [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] and [[Vijay Raghavendra]], Prakash had planned to work with Darshan and approached him with a new family entertainer script for which the actor readily agreed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/sep/28/darshan-prakash-team-up-for-a-family-entertainer-1523766.html |title=Darshan-Prakash team up for a family entertainer |work=The New Indian Express |date=28 September 2016 |access-date=17 February 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424202333/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/sep/28/darshan-prakash-team-up-for-a-family-entertainer-1523766.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His brother-in-law, K. S. Dushyanth, was ready to finance the project for the third time after ''Milana'' and ''Shree''. Actress [[Sruthi Hariharan]] was approached to play one of the two female leads in the project.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/14022-sruthi-hariharan-as-darshan-s-leading-lady.html |title=Sruthi Hariharan As Darshan's Leading Lady? |work=Chitraloka |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314152326/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/14022-sruthi-hariharan-as-darshan-s-leading-lady.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newcomer [[Rashmika Mandanna]] was selected to play the second female lead role even before the release of her debut film, ''[[Kirik Party]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Darshans-new-heroines-Rashmika-and-Sruthi/articleshow/55540684.cms |title=Darshan's new heroines: Rashmika and Sruthi |work=The Times of India |date=24 January 2017 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813212051/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Darshans-new-heroines-Rashmika-and-Sruthi/articleshow/55540684.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Citing dates issues, Rashmika opted out from the project and [[Shanvi Srivastava]] was replaced in her place.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/mar/27/shanvi-srivastava-for-tarak-1586585.html |title=Shanvi Srivastava for Tarak? |work=The New Indian Express |date=28 March 2017 |access-date=17 February 2024 |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130084940/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/mar/27/shanvi-srivastava-for-tarak-1586585.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Veteran actors [[Devaraj]] and [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] were selected to play the parent roles.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Tarak
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|08|17}}
| recorded = 2017
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 23:12
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = [[Arjun Janya]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

[[Arjun Janya]] has composed the songs and the soundtrack. Soundtrack consists of 6 songs. [[V. Nagendra Prasad]], [[Jayanth Kaikini]] and Hari Santhosh have penned the lyrics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Arjun-Janya-is-in-demand/articleshow/50831037.cms |title=Arjun Janya is in demand! |work=The Times of India |date=24 January 2017}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics_Credits = yes
| total_length = 23:12
| title1 = Baa Baaro
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra1 = Vyasaraj Sosale
| length1 = 04:10
| title2 = Birugaali Yondige
| lyrics2 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| extra2 = [[Armaan Malik]]
| length2 = 03:47
| title3 = Mathaadu Nee
| lyrics3 = Jayanth Kaikini
| extra3 = Armaan Malik, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length3 = 03:52
| title4 = Sanje Hotthu
| lyrics4 = Hari Santhosh
| extra4 = [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| length4 = 03:52
| title5 = Ta Ta Taraka
| lyrics5 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra5 = [[Neeti Mohan]]
| length5 = 03:22
| title6 = Kudi Maga
| lyrics6 = Hari Santhosh
| extra6 = Vyasaraj Sosale
| length6 = 04:09
}}

==Release==
The first look of the film was released on 30 March 2017 and the film was released on 29 September 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDFhuQrEHUo |title=Darshan's Tarak Movie First Look Video |publisher=YouTube |date=30 March 2017}}</ref>

==Reception==
A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "The film is slow in parts and the second half is where the drama sets in. This moving story is well told but the comedy could have been better handled. There are times when a director tailors a film for a star but, in Tarak, Darshan remains a director’s actor."<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Tarak review: Darshan bets right with 'class' act |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/story/entertainment/review/2017/Oct/01/tarak-review-darshan-bets-right-with-class-act-1665348.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "This film might not be the regular masala fare that Darshan fans are used to, but the sentiments and story are something different for them, which is definitely worth a watch. It could have had some deft editing to make it a more crisp tale, but that can be pardoned since there is no excessive jingoism".<ref>{{cite news |title=Tarak Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/tarak/movie-review/60881541.cms |work=The Times of India |date=22 June 2018 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |access-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124142518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/tarak/movie-review/60881541.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Shyam Prasad S. of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' gave it 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Tarak'' could have been a much better film with the same story only if the scenes were crafted and presented convincingly. Except for a scene in the first half and a few towards the end of the film, it does not happen. There are also some unnecessary and silly scenes stuffed into the film. Each of these involves Kuri Pratap. The comedy track is unfit in any film."<ref>{{cite news |title=Tarak movie review: Tarak movie review: Darshan's latest film is visually fine but emotionally hollow - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/tarak-movie-review-darshans-latest-film-is-visually-fine-but-emotionally-hollow/articleshow/60887256.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=29 September 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701080955/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/tarak-movie-review-darshans-latest-film-is-visually-fine-but-emotionally-hollow/articleshow/60887256.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Shashiprasad S. M. of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "The first half of ''Tarak'' is just an ‘International show’ which barely takes off until post interval. Further, there is hardly any excitement in it [...] Nothing great or new but a watchable family drama."<ref>{{cite news |last1=S. M. |first1=SHASHIPRASAD |title=Tarak movie review: A challenging' family drama! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/290917/tarak-movie-review-a-challenging-family-drama.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=29 September 2017 |language=en |archive-date=11 November 2017 |access-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111125259/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/290917/tarak-movie-review-a-challenging-family-drama.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Karthik Keramalu of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "''Tarak'' works well in parts because of the grandfather-grandson story, but should ideally have been edited to cut out all the unnecessary bits around this."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keramalu |first1=Karthik |title='Tarak' review: A family drama that works well in parts, but lacks the focus of a good film |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/story/flix/tarak-review-family-drama-works-well-parts-lacks-focus-good-film-69201 |work=The News Minute |date=7 September 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{facebook|@TharakKannadaMovie}}
* {{IMDb title|tt7415646|Tarak}}
{{Prakash (film director)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarak}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arjun Janya]]
[[Category:Films shot in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films shot in Italy]]

Smile Please (2017 film)

2026-03-03T21:34:50Z

Nonebotnone50: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Smile Please
| image = Smile Please Film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Poster
| director = Raghu Samarth
| producer = K Manju
| writer = Raghu Samarth
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Gurunandan]] [[Kavya Shetty]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Anoop Seelin|J Anoop Seelin]]
| cinematography = J S Wali
| editing = Jo Ni Harsha
| studio = K Manju Cinemaas
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|02|10}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Smile Please''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Kannada Language|Kannada]] [[romance film|romance]] film written and directed by Raghu Samarth, produced by K Manju under the banner K Manju Cinemaas. The film stars [[Gurunandan]] and [[Kavya Shetty]] in the lead roles. It began production in the mid of 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Cinema-Suddi-Smile-Please-concludes-filming-Madha-Mathu-Manasi-for-June-release/article14304558.ece|title=Cinema Suddi: Smile Please concludes filming, Madha Mathu Manasi for June release|date=6 May 2016 | work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The movie Smile Please revolves around the protagonist Manu [[Gurunandan]], who is a very happy soul, so full of life and keeps celebrating the life. He is always seen smiling and making others smile. Manu's family badly want him to get married but girls keep rejecting him for his funny and bold outlook towards marriage. After hundred girls rejecting him father gives up on his marriage but the mother who is little over dramatic decides to send her son to her brother Murthy's house. What happens next is in the movie is the plot.

==Cast==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Gurunandan]] as Manamohan
*[[Kavya Shetty]] as Maanasa
* Neha Patil as Anagha
*[[Sudha Belawadi]] as Ranga Nayaki
*Ravi Bhat as Paramahamsa
*[[Srinivas Prabhu]] as Sachchidananda Murthy
*[[Aruna Balraj]] as Gauri
*[[Rangayana Raghu]] as Sadananda
*Girish Shivanna as Pannaga Bhushan
*Shilpa Ravi as Nivedita
*Likhitesh Ravindra as Sunil
*[[Roopesh Shetty]] as Roopesh
*Hamsa Pratap as Ramya
*Master Chinmay as Rahul
*[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Dr. Mithun
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[J. Anoop Seelin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kannadasonglyrics.com/smile-please-title-song-lyrics-smile-please-2742/|title=Smile Please Title Song Lyrics - Smile Please|date=9 January 2017}}</ref>
{{ tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Rayar Kudre Katte Aytu
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]]
| length1 = 3:29
| title2 = Life Ondu Comedy
| extra2 = [[Santhosh Venky]]
| length2 = 3:30
| title3 = Kannalle Nee Deepa Hachchi
| extra3 = [[Anoop Seelin]], Samanvitha Sharma
| length3 = 4:08
| title4 = Smile Please
| extra4 = [[Anoop Seelin]]
| length4 = 3:50
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "The film can be watched once, but the film does have some moments that are far stretched from reality".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/smile-please/movie-review/57078608.cms|title=SMILE PLEASE MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 February 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6417586}}
* {{Facebook|SmilePleasebyRaghuSamarth1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smile Please}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anoop Seelin]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age films]]
[[Category:2017 romance films]]
[[Category:2010s coming-of-age films]]

Bad (2025 film)

2026-03-03T12:13:50Z

Nonebotnone50: creating initial details first draft

{{Short description|2025 Indian Kannada-language action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bad
| image = Bad (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[PC Shekhar]]
| producer = SR Venkatesh Gowda
| writer = PC Shekhar
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Sachin Jagadeshwar SB
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|* Nakul Gowda
* [[Manvita Kamath]]}}
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = D. Sakthi Sekar
| editing = PC Shekhar
| studio = Naada Kiran Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2025|3|28|df=yes}}
| runtime = 100 minutes<ref name=":BMR" />
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Bad''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]] written, directed and edited by [[PC Shekhar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=Apoorva Bharadwaj: PC Shekar's visual imagination never fails to impress |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Mar/25/apoorva-bharadwaj-pc-shekars-visual-imagination-never-fails-to-impress |work=Cinema Express |date=11 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The film stars Nakul Gowda, [[Manvita Kamath]], Sai Krishna, Apoorva Baradwaj, Ashwini Polepalli, Manjunath Kokate N., and Jagdish Malnad.

== Plot ==
{{No plot |date=April 2025}}

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref name=":BMR" />
* Nakul Gowda as Veda
* [[Manvita Kamath]]
* Sai Krishna as Naga
* Apoorva Baradwaj as Anu
* Ashwini Polepalli
* Manjunath Kokate N.
* Jagdish Malnad
* Kaddipudi Chandru as Manisharma

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Arjun Janya]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Arjun Janya composes an English song for PC Shekar's BAD |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/29/arjun-janya-composes-an-english-song-for-pc-shekars-bad |work=The New Indian Express |date=29 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Rise From The Moon
| length1 = 2:50
| lyrics1 = Nishan Rai
| extra1 = Aishwarya Rangarajan, Nishan Rai
| title2 = Mathigu Mathigu
| length2 = 2:40
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra2 = Prithwi Bhat, Sunil Gujagonda
| title3 = Nee Baruve Antha
| length3 = 3:13
| lyrics3 = Kaviraj
| extra3 = Prithwi Bhat
| total_length =
}}

== Release ==
''Bad'' was released theatrically on 28 March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=BAD gets release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Mar/12/bad-gets-release-date |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 March 2025 |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2025 |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408220202/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2025/Mar/12/bad-gets-release-date |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=GN |first1=Ramyashree |title=ನಕುಲ್ ಗೌಡ, ಮಾನ್ವಿತಾ ಕಾಮತ್ ನಟಿಸಿರುವ ಪಿಸಿ ಶೇಖರ್ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನದ 'BAD' ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ದಿನಾಂಕ ಫಿಕ್ಸ್ |url=https://www.kannadaprabha.com/cinema/news/2025/Mar/12/pc-shekars-directorial-bad-starring-nakul-gowda-and-manvita-kamath-gets-release-date |work=[[Kannada Prabha]] |date=11 March 2025 |language=kn}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Y. Maheswara Reddy of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "Some scenes and dialogues, especially the fight for the post of a tractor driver, are incongruous. All in all, the movie is worth a watch if you like crime thrillers."<ref name=":BMR">{{cite news |title=Kannada Movie Review–Bad: Play of six vices - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-reviewbad-play-of-six-vices/articleshow/119666948.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=29 March 2025 |archive-date=29 March 2025 |access-date=28 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329180018/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kannada-movie-reviewbad-play-of-six-vices/amp_articleshow/119666948.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote, "Despite its many strengths, ''BAD'' is not without its flaws. It occasionally feels repetitive, as the narrative circles around the same issue. The film’s relatively short duration also means that certain aspects are underdeveloped."<ref>{{cite news |last1=A. |first1=Sharadhaa |title=BAD Movie Review: An exploration of human vices and the flaws within |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2025/Mar/28/bad-movie-review-an-exploration-of-human-vices-and-the-flaws-within |work=Cinema Express |date=10 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Asianet News]]'' rated the film three out of five.<ref>{{cite news |title=ಬ್ಯಾಡ್ ಚಿತ್ರ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ: ಕುತೂಹಲಕರ ದಾರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ದೂರ ತೀರ ಯಾನ, ನಿಗೂಢತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅನೂಹ್ಯತೆ! |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/nakul-gowda-manvitha-harish-starrer-bad-movie-review-gvd-stvjnu |work=[[Asianet Suvarna News]] |publisher=[[Kannada Prabha]] |date=29 March 2025 |language=kn}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Udayavani]]'' reviewed the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=BAD movie review: ಒಂದು ಕೊಲೆಯ ಸುತ್ತ… |url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/movie-review/bad-movie-review |work=Udayavani |date=29 March 2025 |language=kn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2025 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]

Yaaruda Mahesh

2026-03-03T03:29:15Z

Nonebotnone50: Done

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by R. Madhan Kumar}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yaaruda Mahesh
| image = Yaaruda Mahesh poster.jpg
| caption = Movie poster
| director = R. Madhan Kumar
| producer = Antony Nawaz Sathya Narayanan R. Madhan Kumar
| writer = R. Madhan Kumar
| story = R. Madhan Kumar
| screenplay = R. Madhan Kumar
| starring = [[Sundeep Kishan]] [[Dimple Chopade]]
| music = [[Gopi Sunder]]
| cinematography = Raana
| editing =
| studio = Colour Frames Red Studios
| distributor = [[J. Anbazhagan|Anbu Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|04|26}}
| runtime =
| country =
| language = Tamil
| gross = {{INRConvert|8|c}}
}}

'''''Yaaruda Mahesh''''' ({{translation|''Who is Mahesh?''}}) is a 2013 Tamil-language [[adult comedy film]] directed by R. Madhan Kumar, starring [[Sundeep Kishan]] and [[Dimple Chopade]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sundeep makes a move to Kollywood |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/88786.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507062628/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/88786.html |archive-date=7 May 2013 |access-date=6 December 2012 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> The film was shot around [[Chennai]] and [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sundeep forays into Kollywood! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sundeep-forays-into-kollywood-news-tamil-mmbjgyceddf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203051924/http://www.sify.com/movies/Sundeep-forays-into-Kollywood-news-tamil-mmbjgyceddf.html |archive-date=3 December 2012 |access-date=6 December 2012 |website=Sify}}</ref> It was produced by Red Studios and Colour Frames. Its soundtrack and background score were composed by [[Gopi Sunder]], while Raana handled the cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A naughty film for the youth, by the youth |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/dec-12-01/yaaruda-mahesh-r-madhan-kumar-01-12-12.html |access-date=6 December 2012 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The film released on 26 April to below average reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yaaruda Mahesh is an adult(e)rated comedy! |url=http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/yaaruda-mahesh-is-an-adulterated-comedy-50208856-in-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502035532/http://www.in.com/news/entertainment/yaaruda-mahesh-is-an-adulterated-comedy-50208856-in-1.html |archive-date=2 May 2013 |access-date=27 April 2013 |publisher=in.com}}</ref> It did average business at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=- Sify.com |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15027596&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030104450/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15027596&cid=13525926 |archive-date=2013-10-30}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film opens with the protagonist Shiva going to college for an exam, where his pen runs out of ink. He receives a new one from the girl next to him, Sindhya. He immediately falls for her and starts following her. He attends an educational tour with Sindhya, Vasanth, and Priya (Vasanth's lover). Eventually, Sindhya too falls for Shiva. He then finds out that she got the top rank in the test and a scholarship to the US. Before she leaves, Sindhya invites Shiva to breakfast at her house while her family is out. At her house, Shiva strips her, and the two end up having sex. Sindhya then goes to the US. She comes back three months later, saying that she has some private information to tell him. When she gets back, she announces to Shiva that she is pregnant, thinking that no one else is in the house. However, Shiva's parents overhear this, and they scold the two for having sex.

The film skips ahead a few years to show Shiva and Sindhya, husband and wife, having a child. Sindhya is working, while Shiva is an unemployed husband, looking after the child at home. Sindhya's brother Randy, a psychiatrist, tries to help by setting up a trick for Shiva to discover his interests. He sets up a plot in which Shiva overhears Sindhya talking to a person named Mahesh who is really Randy, making Shiva think that the child is not his, but someone else's. Sindhya and Randy want Shiva to overhear them talking. Shiva gets suspicious about who Mahesh is and starts getting data from the library, helped by Vasanth. The climax is in the people he meets and he finally figures who it is. He accuses Sindhya and tries to kill the child. His family and Randy then explain what happened. He then rewrites the test and passes. The movie ends with Shiva getting a job and Randy still on his case on whether he is back to normal.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Sundeep Kishan]] as Shiva
* [[Dimple Chopade]] as Sindhya
* [[Jagan (actor)|Jagan]] as Vasanth
* [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]] as Randy
* [[Robo Shankar]] as Gopal
* Venkat Sundar as Military
* Sneha Ramesh as Priya
* [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Shiva's father
* [[Singamuthu]] as Military's father
* [[Uma (Tamil actress)|Uma]] as Shiva's mother
* [[Swaminathan]]
* Neelu Nasreen
* Ajith Kumar
* Archana Harish as Vasanth's wife
* [[Nellai Siva]]
* KPY Ramar
* [[Vadivel Balaji]]
* Sana Oberoi (special appearance in the song "Odum Unakkithu")
{{colend}}

==Release==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Sun TV Network|Sun TV]]. The film was given an "A" certificate by the [[Indian Censor Board]]. The film released in 72 screens on 26 April 2013 with another movie, ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sify Movies - Review listing |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/yaaruda-mahesh-review-tamil-15027344.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430220358/http://www.sify.com/movies/yaaruda-mahesh-review-tamil-15027344.html |archive-date=2013-04-30}}</ref>

==Reception==
===Box office===
The film opened with 90 shows on its first weekend in the Chennai box office. It was removed after one week. The film's final gross was more than {{INRConvert|8|c}} worldwide. The film was declared an average grosser. The film was a flop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yaaruda Mahesh box office collection |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/yaaruda-mahesh/yaaruda-mahesh-box-office-apr-28.html}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
The film received below average reviews from critics. ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "If double-meaning, adult jokes are your cup of tea, you will enjoy this movie."<ref>{{Cite web |last=M Suganth |date=27 April 2013 |title=Yaaruda Mahesh movie review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/yaaruda-mahesh/movie-review/19751973.cms |access-date=11 June 2013 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''Indianexpress'' wrote, "With a wafer-thin plot, the debutant director weaves together a string of incidents. At times, it seems more like a theater of the absurd, with quirky characters and scenes added on just for its bizarre humor quotient, rather than for its relevance to the plot."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=4 May 2013 |title=Yaaruda Mahesh: Interesting in parts, disappointing as a whole |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Yaaruda-Mahesh-Interesting-in-partsdisappointing-as-a-whole/2013/05/04/article1573684.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708142343/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Yaaruda-Mahesh-Interesting-in-partsdisappointing-as-a-whole/2013/05/04/article1573684.ece |archive-date=8 July 2013 |access-date=11 June 2013 |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Behindwoods wrote, "To sum it up, Yaaruda Mahesh is a unidirectional product that targets youth with liberal dose of adult humor but is not powerful enough to sustain the interests through the entire length of the film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2013 |title=Yaaruda Mahesh Movie Review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/yaaruda-mahesh/yaaruda-mahesh-review.html |access-date=11 June 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2012 |title=Yaaruda Mahesh Music Review |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/yaaruda-mahesh/yaaruda-mahesh-songs-review.html |access-date=11 June 2013 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Gopi Sundar]].

* "Yaaruda Andha Mahesh" — [[Gopi Sundar]], Anna Katherina
* "Pudhu Paarvai" — [[Haricharan]], [[Priya Himesh]]
* "Vayadhai Keduthu" — Anna Katherina, [[Suchith Suresan]]
* "Odum Unakkithu" — Anna Katherina, Suchith Suresan
* "Yemaathita" — [[Mukesh Mohamed]], [[Gopi Sundar]]
* "Uyire Uyiril" — [[Gopi Sundar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=4418232}}
* [http://yaarudamahesh.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129061612/http://yaarudamahesh.com/ |date=29 November 2012 }}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2010s sex comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian sex comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]

Park (2024 film)

2026-03-03T02:25:08Z

Nonebotnone50: Made New Post

{{short description|Indian horror thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Park
| image = Park (2024 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = E.K. Murugan
| writer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = L. N. E. Natraj
| starring = [[Thaman Kumar]] Swetha Dorathy
| narrator =
| cinematography = Pandiyan Kuppan
| editing = Gurusuriya
| music = Hamara CV
| studio = Akshaya Movie Makers
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|8|9}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Park''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[horror thriller film]] directed by E. K. Murugan and starring [[Thaman Kumar]] and Swetha Dorathy.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Thaman Kumar]] as Mithran
* Swetha Dorathy as Yaazhini
* [[Pandi (actor)|Black Pandi]] as Dish
* Yogi Ram
* [[Karate Raja]]
* Ranjan Kumar
* Surenthar
* [[Crane Manohar]]
* Vijay Ganesh
* Ranjana Nachiyar
* Rekha Suresh
* Jayanthi Mala
* Neema Ray
* Harshitha Kallingal (special appearance in the song "Jigli Bugli")
}}

==Release and reception ==
The film was released on 9 August 2024 alongside seven other films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 Aug 2024 |title=Andhagan To Park, 8 Tamil Films That Released In Theatres Today |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/andhagan-to-park-8-tamil-films-that-released-in-theatres-today-9010562.html |access-date=11 Aug 2024 |website=News18}}</ref>

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two out of five stars and wrote that "''Park'' fails to leave a lasting impression, fizzling out like a damp firecracker. It’s neither scary nor amusing, just a bewildering mashup of outdated romance tropes and bargain-bin horror elements".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Abhinav |date=8 August 2024 |title=Park Movie Review : A time capsule of cinematic clichés |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/park/movie-review/112370739.cms |access-date=22 February 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote that "The film is ineffective in almost every aspect that the logical loopholes stopped being bothersome after a point".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=9 Aug 2024 |title=Park Movie Review: An extremely subnormal paranormal film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2024/Aug/09/park-movie-review-an-extremely-subnormal-paranormal-film |access-date=11 Aug 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' wrote that director Murugan has directed the film based on the usual revenge story.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Aug 2024 |title=பார்க்| Park Trailer, Review, Cast & Crew, OTT Release Details in Tamil |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/park-159848 |access-date=11 Aug 2024 |website=www.maalaimalar.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|33041909}}
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]

Ramesh Parekh

2026-02-04T21:23:11Z

Nonebotnone50: Made A Page

{{Short description|Indian poet and lyricist (1940–2006)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name=Ramesh Parekh
| image=
| caption =
| birth_date={{birth date|1940|11|27|df=y}}
| birth_place=[[Amreli]], Gujarat, India
| death_date={{death date and age|2006|5|17|1940|11|27|df=y}}
| death_place=[[Rajkot]], Gujarat
| occupation= Poet, story writer, children's writer
| period= Modern [[Gujarati literature]]
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality=Indian
| signature=Ramesh Parekh Signature.jpg
| notableworks = ''[[Vitan Sud Beej]]'' (1989)
| spouse ={{married|Rasilaben|1972|2006}}
| relatives = Narmadaben, Mohanlal (parents)<ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>
|children=Neha, Niraj
| awards=
* [[Kumar Suvarna Chandrak]] (1970)
* [[Uma-Snehrashmi Prize]] (1978-79)
* [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1986)
* [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1994)
}}
'''Ramesh Parekh''' (27 November 1940 – 17 May 2006) was a [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] poet and lyricist from [[Gujarat]], India. He was one of the most popular poets of modern Gujarati poetry.<ref name=AGSI/> Though government servant by profession, he had deep interest in literature and music. He contributed heavily in field of poetry including [[Geet (song)|geet]], [[ghazal]] and non-lyrical poetry. He also wrote stories and contributed in [[children's literature in Gujarati language|Gujarati children's literature]].

== Life ==
Ramesh Parekh was born on 27 November 1940 at [[Amreli]] in [[Kapol community| Kapol]] Vanik family of Mohanlal and Narmadaben. He studied at Parekh Mehta Vidyalaya. His first story ''Pretni Duniya'' was published in ''Chandani'', a story magazine when he was still in school. He completed his [[matriculation|S.S.C.]] in 1958 with the first class. He received scholarship. He had interest in painting and wanted to join [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] but he could not join due to his financial condition. He joined [[Amreli district]] office in 1960. He continued his interest in painting and music. He continued writing stories till 1962 and also founded Moral Music Club. He started writing poetry in 1967. He met [[Anil R. Joshi|Anil Joshi]] in 1968 who encouraged him to write more poetry. His poems started being published in literary magazines.<ref name=f>{{cite web |url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/photo-gallery/sahitya-sarjako/Ramesh-Parekh.html |title=Ramesh Parekh |language=gu |website=www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com |publisher=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] |access-date=2014-04-09 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024202/http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/photo-gallery/sahitya-sarjako/Ramesh-Parekh.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=x>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Poet-Ramesh-Parekhs-birth-anniversary-to-be-celebrated-in-hometown-Amreli/articleshow/18188842.cms|title=Poet Ramesh Parekh's birth anniversary to be celebrated in hometown Amreli|first=Kapil|last=Dave|work=The Times of India|date=2013-01-25|access-date=2014-04-09|archive-date=9 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609110213/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Poet-Ramesh-Parekhs-birth-anniversary-to-be-celebrated-in-hometown-Amreli/articleshow/18188842.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= George|first= K. M.|title= Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&q=ramesh+parekh+poet&pg=PA578|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|year= 1992|pages= 578|isbn= 9788172013240|access-date= 2014-04-09|volume= 1|archive-date= 21 July 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210721172602/https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&q=ramesh+parekh+poet&pg=PA578|url-status= live}}</ref>
He retired from government service in 1988 and devoted his life to literary career. He moved to Rajkot from Amreli in 1997. He died on 17 May 2006 at [[Rajkot]] following a heart attack.<ref name=one>{{cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/05/17/noted-gujarati-poet-ramesh-parekh-passes-away-1147874827.html|title=Noted Gujarati Poet Ramesh Parekh passes away|work=One India News|date=2006-05-17|access-date=2014-04-09|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721172542/https://www.oneindia.com/2006/05/17/noted-gujarati-poet-ramesh-parekh-passes-away-1147874827.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AGSI>{{cite book|title=અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ - આધુનિક અને અનુઆધુનિક યુગ (History of Modern Gujarati Literature – Modern and Postmodern Era)|first=Prasad|last=Brahmabhatt |publisher=Parshwa Publication|location=Ahmedabad|year=2010|pages=77–84|language=gu|isbn=978-93-5108-247-7}}</ref><ref name="Internet Archive 2011">{{cite web | title=Ramesh Parekh - Biography | website=Internet Archive | date=2011-11-27 | url=http://www.rameshparekh.in/biography1.html | language=gu | access-date=2016-11-19 | url-status=bot: unknown | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127211752/http://www.rameshparekh.in/biography1.html | archive-date=2011-11-27 }}</ref>

==Works==
Ramesh Parekh is chiefly known for his [[Geet (song)|songs]] though he had heavily contributed in non-lyrical poetry and [[ghazal]]s. His poems and songs addressed to Sonal and [[Meerabai]] are the most attractive. His first poetry collection ''Kya'' (1970) was well received. ''Khading'' (1979), his second collection won several awards. His other collections followed; ''Tva'' (1980), ''Sananan'' (1981), ''Khamma Ala Bapune'' (1985), ''Meera Same Par'' (1986) and ''[[Vitan Sud Beej]]'' (1989). All his poetry was collected and published as ''Chha Akshar Nu Nam'' in 1991. It was well received and four editions were sold out in five years. ''Le, Timira! Surya'' was published in 1995 followed by ''Chhatima Barsakh'' (1998), ''Chashmana Kach Par'' (1999) and ''Swagatparva'' (2002). ''Kal Sachave Pagala'' (2009) was edited and published by his friend Nitin Vadgama posthumously.<ref name=AGSI/><ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>

His short stories are collected in''Stanpurvak'' (1983). He had also written three-act plays, ''Sagapan Ek Ukhanu'' (1992), ''Surajne Padchhayo Hoy'' (2002) and humorous play ''Tarkhat''. He published a collection of essays, ''Honkaro Aapo To Kahu'' (1994), ''Chalo Ekbeejane Gameeye'' (2001), ''Sarjaknaa Shbadane Salama'' (2002). He had edited ''Gira Nadine Teer'' (1989), a poetry collection and ''Aa Padakhu Faryo Le!'' (1989), a [[ghazal]] collection.<ref name=AGSI/><ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>

He had notable contribution in field of [[Children's literature in Gujarati language|Gujarati children's literature]]. His collections of children's poetry include ''Hauk'' (1979), ''Chi'' (1980), ''Dariyo Zullam Zulla Hasie Khullam Khulla'' (1988, illustrated), ''Chapati Vagadata Avadi Gai'' (1997). His collections of children's stories include ''Hafarak Lafarak'' (1986), ''De Talli'' (1979), ''Gor Ane Chor'' (1980), ''Kuvama Paninu Jhad'' (1986) and ''Jantar Mantar Chhu'' (1990). His children's novels include ''Jadui Deevo'' and ''Ajab Gajabno Khajano''.<ref name=AGSI/><ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>

== Awards ==
He received [[Kumar Chandrak]] in 1970, [[Dhanji Kanji Gandhi Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1983, [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] in 1986 and Kala Gaurav Award in 1989. He received [[Narmad Suvarna Chandrak]] for 1978 and [[Uma-Snehrashmi Prize]] for 1978-79 for his book ''Khading''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarati-poet-Ramesh-Parekh-dead/articleshow/1536390.cms|title=Gujarati poet Ramesh Parekh dead|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2006-05-18|access-date=2014-04-09|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|archive-date=9 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609094654/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gujarati-poet-Ramesh-Parekh-dead/articleshow/1536390.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/ramesh-parekh-poems-to-be-played-for-audience/35712887.html|title=Ramesh Parekh poems to be 'played' for audience|work=Ahmedabad Mirror|date=2014-01-07|access-date=2014-04-09|first=Dhwani|last=Pathak Dave|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721172538/https://ahmedabadmirror.com/ramesh-parekh-poems-to-be-played-for-audience/35712887.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He received Gijubhai Badheka Suvarna Chandrak (1988), Shri Arvind Suvarna Chandrak for ''Meera Same Par'' state-level Gujarati Sahitya Akademi Award (1979) by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi. He won [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Gujarati|Gujarati]] given by [[Sahitya Akademi]] for his poetry collection ''[[Vitan Sud Beej]]'' in 1994. He also received Rajkumar Bhuvalka Award for the same book. He was recognised with Sanskar Award in 1988 for all his works and Kalagaurav Suvarna Chandrak (1989) by Amreli District Office. He was given [[Narsinh Mehta Award]] in 2004.<ref name=one/><ref name=AGSI/><ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>

He won the Best Lyricist award of Gujarat State Film Award in 1982-83 for film ''Nasibni Balihari'' and in 1993-94 for film ''Manvini Bhavai''.<ref name=AGSI/>

==Personal life==
He married Rasilaben in 1972. His daughter Neha was born in 1974 and his son Niraj born in 1975.<ref name="Internet Archive 2011"/>

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|editor-last=Vankar|editor-first=Rajesh|editor-link=Rajesh Vankar|script-title=gu:રમેશ પારેખ કૃત ક્યાં: અભ્યાસલેખો અને કાવ્યાસ્વાદો|trans-title=Crtitical Articles About 'Kyan', a poetry collection by Ramesh Parekh|publisher=Parshva Publication|location=Ahmedabad|isbn=978-93-5108-439-6 |date=2020 }}

== External links ==
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}
* [http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/photo-gallery/sahitya-sarjako/Ramesh-Parekh.html Ramesh Parekh on Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111127211752/http://www.rameshparekh.in/biography1.html Archive of Official Website]

{{Sahitya Akademi Award for Gujarati}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parekh, Ramesh}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Rajkot district]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Gujarati]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Tiger attacks in the Sundarbans

2026-01-31T08:10:10Z

Nonebotnone50: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Short description|none}} 
[[Tiger attack]]s in the [[Sundarbans]], in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] are estimated to kill from 0-50 (mean of 22.7 between 1947 and 1983) people per year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/798.pdf |title=Sundarban Wildlife Sanctuaries (Bangladesh) |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> The [[Sundarbans]] is home to over 100 <ref>{{cite news |date=27 July 2015 |title=Only 100 tigers left in Bangladesh's famed Sundarbans forest |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/27/only-100-tigers-left-in-bangladeshs-famed-sundarbans-forest |newspaper=The Guardian |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> [[Bengal tiger]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bforest.gov.bd/highlights.php |title=Highlights: The Sundarbans, Bangladesh |website=Bangladesh Forest Department |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601220001/http://www.bforest.gov.bd/highlights.php |archive-date=1 June 2008 |access-date=29 May 2008}}</ref> one of the largest single populations of [[Bengal tiger|tigers]] in one area. Before the [[modern era]], Sundarbans tigers were said to "regularly kill fifty or sixty people a year".<ref name="Maneaters">{{cite web|title=Maneaters: The Sundarbans|url=http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/maneating7.html|publisher=lairweb|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Some modern estimates are even higher, at over 100 fatalities a year.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Kevin Lee Kharas and photos by Rana |date=2024-09-20 |title=Tigers, Crocodiles, Fishermen, and Bandits Are at War in the Sundarbans |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/tigers-crocodiles-fishermen-and-bandits-are-at-war-in-the-sundarbans/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref> Many such attacks aren’t reported to the authorities because victims enter parts of the forest without legal permission.<ref name=":02" />

These tigers are slightly smaller and slimmer than those elsewhere in India but remain extremely powerful and are infamous for destroying small wooden boats. They are not the only tigers who live close to humans; in [[Bandhavgarh]], villages encircle the tiger reserves, and yet attacks on people are rare. Although attacks were stalled temporarily in 2004 with new precautions, they have been on the rise{{when|date=October 2025}}. This is particularly due to the devastation on the Bangladeshi side of the swamp caused by [[Cyclone Sidr]] which decreased the availability of their habitual food sources (due to the natural upheaval) and has prompted them to migrate towards the more populated side of the swamp in India.<ref name="Tiger Attacks on rise in Indian Sundarbans">{{cite news |date=30 July 2008 |title=Tiger attacks on rise in Indian Sundarbans |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1180734&pageid=2 |newspaper=dna |agency=IANS}}</ref>
[[Image:Sundarban Tiger.jpg|right|thumb|220px|A [[Bengal tiger]] in the Sundarbans]]

==Precautions==
The locals and government officials take certain precautions to prevent attacks. Local [[Dalit|low-caste]] [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] fishermen will say prayers and perform rituals to the forest goddess ''[[Bonbibi]]'' before setting out on expeditions. Invocations to the tiger god ''[[Dakshin Rai|Dakshin Ray]]'' are also considered a necessity by the local populace for safe passage throughout the Sundarbans area. [[Caste system among South Asian Muslims|Low-caste]] [[Bengali Muslims]] living in the Bangladeshi side seek intercession of [[Gazi Pir]] in repelling tiger attacks. Fishermen and bushmen originally created masks made to look like faces to wear on the back of their heads because tigers always attack from behind. This worked for a short time, but the tigers quickly caught on to the ruse, and the attacks reportedly continued. One local honey gatherer, Surendra Jana, 57, summarised the general feeling of the tigers adapting to their efforts: "Before we could understand the way they attacked...We don't feel safe any more, knowing our brothers have been attacked in spite of the tricks we use."<ref>{{cite news |date=13 February 2012 |title=The tiger widows of the Sundarbans |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/the-tiger-widows-of-the-sundarbans-1.451719/ |newspaper=The National |agency=Abu Dhabi Media}}</ref> Government officials wear stiff pads that rise up the back of the neck, similar to the pads of an [[American football]] player. This is to prevent the tigers from biting into the spine, which is their favoured attack method.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=The Last Maneater: Killer Tigers of India |series=Nat Geo WILD |series-link=Nat Geo Wild |first=Larry |last=Bambrick |network=[[National Geographic Channel]] |date=2003 }}</ref>

==Causes of the attacks==
Between 35,000<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Arabinda N. |last2=Brahma |first2=Arabinda |last3=Mondal |first3=Ranajit |last4=Biswas |first4=Mrinal K. |date=2016 |title=Stigma of tiger attack: Study of tiger-widows from Sundarban Delta, India |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=12–19 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.174355 |issn=0019-5545 |pmc=4776575 |pmid=26985099 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> and 140,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-10 |title=A 'Licence' to Kill in the Sundarbans |url=https://www.theindiaforum.in/article/licence-kill-sundarbans |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=The India Forum |language=en}}</ref> workers frequent the swamps and waterways of the Sundarbans. Fishing boats traverse the area and many stop to collect firewood, honey and other items. In the dark forest, tigers find it easy to stalk and attack men absorbed in their work. Even fishermen in small boats have been attacked due to tigers' strong swimming abilities.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.nhm.org/cats/P19/index.htm |title=Cats! Wild to Mild: MAN-EATER? |website=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715120312/http://www.nhm.org/cats/P19/index.htm |archive-date=15 July 2007}}</ref>

==Responses to the attacks==
Local villagers, who fear tiger attacks and resent the animal for killing their livestock, sometimes engage in revenge killings. On one occasion, a tiger had attacked and wounded the people in a village in south-west Bangladesh (near the Sundarbans) and frequently preyed upon their livestock. This roused the wrath of the villagers, and the feline became a target for their retribution. Poachers are also responsible for killing tigers in the reserve in an effort to sell them on the black market.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 2003 |title=Villagers beat tiger to death |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2947758.stm |access-date=25 May 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

The human death rate has dropped significantly due to better management techniques and fewer people are killed each year. Even at the rate of fifty or sixty kills per year, humans would provide only about three percent of the yearly food requirements for the tiger population of the Sundarbans. Thus, humans are only a supplement to the tiger's diet; they do not provide a primary food source.<ref>{{cite web |title=The tiger and lion, attacks on humans |url=http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/maneating3.html |website=Man-eaters}}{{self-published source|date=November 2015}}</ref> This does not mean that the notoriety associated with this area is unfounded. Even if only 3% of a tiger's diet is human meat, that still amounts to the tiger killing and eating about one person per year, given the amount of food a tiger typically eats.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowak |first=Ronald M. |url=https://archive.org/details/walkersmammalsof0002nowa |title=Walker's mammals of the world |date=1999 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-5789-9 |edition=6th |location=Baltimore |url-access=registration}}</ref>

==Tiger Widows==
In the Sundarbans, there are over 3,000 women whose husbands have been killed by tigers.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-30 |title=Counting Tigers, Discounting Victims of Tiger Attacks |url=https://www.theindiaforum.in/environment/counting-tigers-discounting-victims-tiger-attacks |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=The India Forum |language=en}}</ref> Most of these so-called "tiger widows" face social stigma, legal challenges, and financial hardship.

=== Ostracism ===
Sundarban islanders frequently shun tiger widows as ''swami khejos'' ('husband eaters' in Bengali).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tiger widows of the Sundarbans: how religion and myth stigmatise human-wildlife conflict {{!}} Feature from King's College London |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/tiger-widows-of-the-sundarbans-how-religion-and-myth-stigmatise-human-wildlife-conflict#:~:text=Women%20who%20lose%20their%20husbands,agriculture,%20fishing%20and%20crab%20collection. |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.kcl.ac.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> The belief that tiger widows are bad omens is derived from the religious text, ''The Miracles of Bonbibi,'' considered sacred by both Hindus and Muslims in the Sundarbans.<ref name=":2" /> In the text, [[Bonbibi]], the spirit guardian of the wilderness, declared that anyone who stole from the forest out of greed would not be rescued if they were attacked by a tiger.<ref name=":2" /> This story led to the superstition that tiger attacks can be avoided by the penitence and austerity of a worker's wife back home.<ref name=":2" /> If the man is killed, it is viewed as divine punishment for the sins of the wife.<ref name=":2" /> Some believe the widows are actually devils.<ref>{{Citation |title=Roughing it with Kali: Braving Crocodiles, Relatives and the Bhadralok |date=2014-06-03 |work=Forest of Tigers |pages=127–163 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203085516-12 |access-date=2025-04-01 |publisher=Routledge India |doi=10.4324/9780203085516-12 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |isbn=978-0-203-08551-6|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Others call them witches.<ref>{{Cite news |last=AFP |date=2020-02-21 |title='Tiger widows' shunned as bad luck in rural Bangladesh |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1862754/tiger-widows-shunned-as-bad-luck-in-rural-bangladesh |access-date=2025-04-01 |work=Bangkok Post |language=en}}</ref>

After the death of her husband, it is common for a tiger widow to be pushed out of the household by her in-laws, who have the authority to keep any of her male children.<ref name=":2" /> Religious leaders prohibit the tiger widows from spiritual activities,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Murdock |first=Heather |title=Tiger Widows: The battle for survival amid climate change in the Indian Sundarbans |url=https://projects.voanews.com/tiger-widows/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> including their own husbands' funerals.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Thaslima |first=Begum |date=29 March 2016 |title=Tale of the tigers: Conservation's human cost |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/gray-matters/article/Tale-of-the-tigers-Conservation-s-human-cost-7213367.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201033839/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/gray-matters/article/Tale-of-the-tigers-Conservation-s-human-cost-7213367.php |archive-date=1 Dec 2021 |access-date= |website=The Houston Chronicle}}</ref> One widow, Lolita Biswas, stated: <blockquote>It’s terribly painful. I am so isolated. When I hear people speak about me, I go back home and cry alone. I am not allowed to show my face at religious occasions. So I prefer not to go anywhere. I take long walks instead, alone.<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>Tiger widows often face discrimination when seeking traditional jobs in agriculture, crabbing, and shrimping.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Tribal |first=The Indian |date=2024-05-27 |title=Tribal Tiger Widows Of Sunderbans A Forlorn Lot Even In Poll Season |url=https://theindiantribal.com/2024/05/27/west-bengal-lok-sabha-elections-2024-tribal-tiger-widows-of-sunderbans-a-forlorn-lot-even-in-poll-season/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=The Indian Tribal |language=en-US}}</ref> According to one tiger widow, "No boatman will take us into the creeks as they fear they too would be consumed by the tigers."<ref name=":5" /> Widows frequently leave the area, hoping to become maids in nearby cities, but upon arrival, many are coerced into working at local brothels.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Ebb and Flow Life of the Bhasha Manush: Flooded and Abandoned in the Atharo Bhati" – Melbern G. Glasscock Center for Humanities Research |url=https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/glasscock/ebb-and-flow-life-of-the-bhasha-manush-flooded-and-abandoned-in-the-atharo-bhati/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=liberalarts.tamu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiger widows of the Sundarbans: how religion and myth stigmatise human-wildlife conflict {{!}} Feature from King's College London |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/tiger-widows-of-the-sundarbans-how-religion-and-myth-stigmatise-human-wildlife-conflict |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=www.kcl.ac.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> For those who choose to stay behind in the Sundarbans, malnutrition is prevalent.<ref name=":3" /> Some widows are only able to ward off starvation by foraging roots and scraps from better-off families.<ref name=":3" /> Other women move to isolated villages like Bidhoba Para that are populated predominately by other tiger widows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribal |first=The Indian |date=2024-05-27 |title=Tribal Tiger Widows Of Sunderbans A Forlorn Lot Even In Poll Season |url=https://theindiantribal.com/2024/05/27/west-bengal-lok-sabha-elections-2024-tribal-tiger-widows-of-sunderbans-a-forlorn-lot-even-in-poll-season/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=The Indian Tribal |language=en-US}}</ref> However, local custom forbids children from living in these communities with their mothers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Kevin Lee Kharas and photos by Rana |date=2024-09-20 |title=Tigers, Crocodiles, Fishermen, and Bandits Are at War in the Sundarbans |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/tigers-crocodiles-fishermen-and-bandits-are-at-war-in-the-sundarbans/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref> Though limited contact with their children is tolerated, frequent visits to the villages are discouraged.<ref name=":6" /> Those who reside in the tiger widow villages typically cultivate small agricultural plots,<ref name=":6" /> but increased salinity in the soil has rendered much of the crop ground in the Sundarbans infertile, even for small-scale subsistence farming.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-04 |title=Climate threats drive India's 'tiger widows' toward open jaws |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/features/2017/09/04/Climate-threats-drive-India-s-tiger-widows-toward-open-jaws#:~:text=in%20Lahiripur%20alone.-,Facing%20the%20jaws,tiger%20attack%20a%20decade%20ago. |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref>

Ultimately, most widows feel they have no choice but to fish the waters in the same jungles where their husbands were killed.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-07 |title=The Tiger Widows of India Conserving the Mangrove Forest Where Their Husbands Died |url=https://atmos.earth/tiger-widows-india-sundarbans-mangroves-climate/#:~:text=The%20group%20of%20tiger%20widows,ashore%20like%20they%20used%20to. |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Atmos |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chowdhury |first1=ArabindaN |last2=Brahma |first2=Arabinda |last3=Mondal |first3=Ranajit |last4=Biswas |first4=MrinalK |date=2016 |title=Stigma of tiger attack: Study of tiger-widows from Sundarban Delta, IndiaFNx01 |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=12–19 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.174355 |doi-access=free |issn=0019-5545 |pmc=4776575 |pmid=26985099}}</ref> A widow named Aparna Shiyali spoke of following in her husband's footsteps, saying, "It was a spring day when he went crab fishing and never returned. Now I go crab fishing because if I do not go, my children will starve."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhar |first=Sujoy |title=Their husbands were killed by tigers. Here's what life looks like for these widows now |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/10/04/tiger-widows-india-sundarbans/689101001/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Government compensation and legal obstacles ===
To combat the economic difficulties suffered by the tiger widows, the forest department of West Bengal in 2021 stipulated that any death due to a wild animal is eligible for a compensation of Rs. 500,000.<ref name=":1" /> Yet the families of victims rarely receive any form of payment.<ref name=":1" /> To apply for compensation, the forest department requires widows to produce a series of documents, including a post-mortem report, a death certificate, and a police report.<ref name=":1" />

Post-mortem reports are unavailable if the woman cannot retrieve her husband's corpse, which is commonly carried off by the tiger.<ref name=":1" /> Without a post-mortem, death certificates will not list the cause of death as a tiger attack.<ref name=":1" /> Death certificates are also impossible to obtain without a police report, which are not always requested by the families of victims.<ref name=":1" /> Most attacks on fishermen go unreported to the police out of fear of punishment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Dipanjan |date=2021-02-18 |title=Tigers Killed Their Husbands. Then The Storms Came. |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/tigers-killed-their-husbands-then-the-storms-came/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref> About 75% of workers who enter the mangroves do so without the necessary legal permits,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Dipanjan |date=2021-02-18 |title=Tigers Killed Their Husbands. Then The Storms Came. |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/tigers-killed-their-husbands-then-the-storms-came/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref> which is considered a criminal offense.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequent tiger, crocodile attacks in Sundarbans villages |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/science/frequent-tiger-crocodile-attacks-sundarbans-2569778 |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The cost of acquiring the required permits can run high, as much as $600–700 USD.<ref name=":4" /> Meanwhile, the per capita income in the region is only 0.5 USD a day.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marcinko |first1=Charlotte L. J. |last2=Samanta |first2=Sourav |last3=Basu |first3=Oindrila |last4=Harfoot |first4=Andy |last5=Hornby |first5=Duncan D. |last6=Hutton |first6=Craig W. |last7=Pal |first7=Sudipa |last8=Watmough |first8=Gary R. |date=2022-07-01 |title=Earth observation and geospatial data can predict the relative distribution of village level poverty in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479722005230 |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=313 |article-number=114950 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114950 |pmid=35378347 |bibcode=2022JEnvM.31314950M |issn=0301-4797|hdl=20.500.11820/34401e06-93b3-4385-bf37-57739aba55cb |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Even when a widow can produce her late husband's permits, police departments remain reluctant to issue reports on tiger attacks.<ref name=":1" />

==== Other routes to recovery ====
Under to the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, the family of a victim is entitled to payment through the fisheries department if the victim possessed a fisherman's identity card.<ref name=":1" /> However, illiteracy prevents many widows from finishing the application forms.<ref name=":1" /> Of 65 tiger widows surveyed in one study, only three could read.<ref name=":3" />

In the past, private companies have offered life insurance for tiger attacks, but claims made by the beneficiaries have never been approved.<ref name=":1" /> Rather than disbursing the funds, the private insurers proclaimed it was their policy to wait until the forest department confirmed the victim met all the requirements for state compensation.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite magazine |last=Alexander |first=Caroline |date=21 April 2008 |title=Tigerland: A journey through the mangrove forest of Bengal |url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/04/21/080421fa_fact_alexander |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |access-date=26 January 2010}}
* {{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Amitav |author-link=Amitav Ghosh |date=2005 |title=[[The Hungry Tide]] |location=New Delhi |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |isbn=0-00-714178-5}}
*{{cite book|last=Jalais|first=Annu|title=Forest of Tigers: People, Politics and Environment in the Sundarbans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIW3AwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-19869-4}}

{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Felidae attacks]]
[[Category:Tigers in India]]
[[Category:Sundarbans]]
[[Category:Bengal tiger]]

List of awards and nominations received by Tamannaah Bhatia

2026-01-31T07:24:43Z

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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox awards list
|name = Tamannaah Bhatia
|image = Tamannaah at the red carpet of Bollywood Hungama Style Icons Awards 2023.jpg
|caption = Bhatia in 2023 at the [[Bollywood Hungama]] Style Icons Awards
|image_size =
|alt =
|wins = 29
|nominations = 52
|honours = 2
|SaturnW = 0
|SaturnN = 1
|ZeeCineW = 0
|ZeeCineN = 2
|award1 = [[Asianet Film Awards]]
|award1W = 1
|award1N = 1
|award2 = [[Asiavision Awards]]
|award2W = 1
|award2N = 1
|award3 = [[Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest]]
|award3W = 1
|award3N = 1
|award4 = [[CineMAA Awards]]
|award4W = 1
|award4N = 2
|award5 = [[Filmfare Awards South]]
|award5W = 0
|award5N = 8
|award6 = [[IIFA Utsavam]]
|award6W = 0
|award6N = 2
|award7 = [[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
|award7W = 1
|award7N = 1
|award8 = [[Santosham Film Awards]]
|award8W = 3
|award8N = 3
|award9 = [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|award9W = 2
|award9N = 6
|award10 = [[Vijay Awards]]
|award10W = 0
|award10N = 3
}}

[[Tamannaah Bhatia]] is an Indian actress known for her work in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Hindi cinema]]. Since 2008, she has been a consistent presence at the [[Filmfare Awards South]], earning nominations for her roles in Tamil films including ''[[Kalloori]]'', ''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]'' and ''[[Paiyaa]]'', and Telugu films including ''[[Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam]]'', [[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']] and [[Racha (film)|''Racha'']].{{refn|<ref name="ffs55" /><ref name="ffs57" /><ref name="ffs58" /><ref name="ffs59" /><ref name="ffs60" />}} In 2010, she received the [[Kalaimamani|Kalaimamani award]] from the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] for her contributions to arts and culture.<ref name="ka" /> Her performance in ''100% Love'' garnered acclaim, earning her best category awards at the [[CineMAA Awards]],<ref name="cm2012" /> Hyderabad Times Film Awards,<ref name="hta2011" /> [[Santosham Film Awards]]<ref name="sf2012" /> and TSR - TV9 National Film Awards.<ref name="tt11" /> Her role in ''[[Tadakha]]'' earned her the [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] for [[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress (Critics)]] and the TSR-TV9 National Film Award for Best Actress.<ref name="simma3" /><ref name="tt13" /> Her role in ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' brought her international recognition and a nomination for [[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress#2010s|Best Supporting Actress]] Actress at the [[Saturn Awards]].<ref name="sa42" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=How Baahubali changed the face of Telugu cinema worldwide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-telugu-cinema-abroad-1210757-2018-04-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203217/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-telugu-cinema-abroad-1210757-2018-04-12 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=5 July 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref>

In Tamil cinema, Bhatia won best category awards at the [[Asianet Film Awards]] and [[Asiavision Awards]].<ref name="af19" /><ref name="av2016" /> She also received an [[Honorary degree|Honorary Doctorate]] from the Confederation of International Accreditation Commission for her achievements in the entertainment industry.<ref name="ciac" /> She won the Behindwoods Gold Hall of Famers award for Entertainer and the [[Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest]] award for Best Actor of the Year Female (Series), highlighting her versatility.<ref name="bw" /><ref name="bh" /> She also won Best Actress in a Feature Film at the Indo-French International Film Festival Awards for her role in ''[[Kanne Kalaimaane]]''.<ref name="ififf" /> Her consistent recognition led to her being named "Star In The Spotlight" at the Beautiful Indians awards.<ref name="bi" />

== Awards and nominations ==
{{Compact TOC|side=yes|name=no|notesfirst=yes|refs=yes|extlinks=yes|d=D|e=E|g=G|j=J|k=K|l=L|m=M|o=O|p=P|q=Q|r=R|u=U|w=W|x=X|y=Y}}
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="awards"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|List of awards and nominations received by Tamannaah Bhatia}}
|-
!scope="col" |Award
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Category
!scope="col" |Nominated for
!scope="col" |Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" |[[Asianet Film Awards]]{{efn|name=n1}}{{anchor|A}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2016
|[[Asianet Film Awards#Popular actor / actress Tamil|Most Popular Tamil Actress]]
|[[Devi (2016 film)|''Devi'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="af19">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2017 |title=19th Asianet Film Awards 2017 winners, date, time and more details |url=https://totalreporter.com/19th-asianet-film-awards-2017-winners-date-time-details/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731192047/https://totalreporter.com/19th-asianet-film-awards-2017-winners-date-time-details/ |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=15 September 2017 |website=Total Reporter}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[Asiavision Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;" |2016
|Best Actress – Tamil
|[[Dharma Durai (2016 film)|''Dharma Durai'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="av2016">{{Cite web |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Manjusha |date=19 November 2016 |title=Asiavision Movie Awards brings stars to Sharjah |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/asiavision-movie-awards-brings-stars-to-sharjah-1.1931774 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718155333/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/asiavision-movie-awards-brings-stars-to-sharjah-1.1931774 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Beautiful Indians{{anchor|B}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2024
|Star In The Spotlight
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="bi">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2024 |title=Femina, Mamaearth present Beautiful Indians 2024: People Who Won Big |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/femina-mamaearth-present-beautiful-indians-2024-people-who-won-big-65026.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320094440/https://www.filmfare.com/features/femina-mamaearth-present-beautiful-indians-2024-people-who-won-big-65026.html |archive-date=20 March 2024 |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=filmfare.com}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Behindwoods Gold Hall Of Famers
|style="text-align:center;" |2023
|Entertainer
|[[Jailer (2023 Tamil film)|''Jailer'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="bw">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_1P_m4J-hs |title=Behind the woods golden hall of famer |date=15 March 2024 |type=Awards show clip |language=ta |publisher=Behindwoods TV |place=India |time=02:05 |time-caption=Entertainer Tamannaah Bhatia |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510093903/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_1P_m4J-hs |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Blenders Pride Filmfare Glamour & Style Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2025
|Most Desirable (Female)
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web | last=Arya | first=Bhawna | title=Blenders Pride Filmfare Glamour & Style Awards 2025 Winners List: Ananya, Tiger To Rekha-Neena Gupta, Who Won What | website=Times Now | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/blenders-pride-filmfare-glamour-style-awards-2025-winners-list-ananya-panday-tiger-shroff-to-rekha-neena-gupta-who-won-what-article-152700754 | access-date=7 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[Bollywood Hungama OTT India Fest]]
|style="text-align:center;" |2023
|Best Actor of The Year Female (Series)
|''[[Aakhri Sach]], [[Jee Karda]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="bh">{{Cite web |date=20 October 2023 |title=Netflix and Amazon Prime Video win big at the Bollywood Hungama India Entertainment Awards; take a look at the complete winners' list : Bollywood News |url=https://www.news.jan-manthan.com/netflix-and-amazon-prime-video-win-big-at-the-bollywood-hungama-india-entertainment-awards-take-a-look-at-the-complete-winners-list-bollywood-news/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021072047/https://www.news.jan-manthan.com/netflix-and-amazon-prime-video-win-big-at-the-bollywood-hungama-india-entertainment-awards-take-a-look-at-the-complete-winners-list-bollywood-news/ |archive-date=21 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |website=News जन मंथन}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Bollywood Hungama Style Icons
|style="text-align:center;" |2023
|Most Stylish Trend Setter (Female)
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Movies |first=Rediff |title=Meet The Style Icons Of Bollywood |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-style-icons-of-bollywood/20230327.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705093330/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-style-icons-of-bollywood/20230327.htm |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=Rediff}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[CineMAA Awards]]{{anchor|C}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2012
|rowspan="2" |Best Actress – Telugu
|[[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="cm2012">{{Cite web |last=Shekhar |date=18 June 2012 |title=Mahesh Babu's Dookudu tops winners list of CineMAA Awards 2012 |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/cinemaa-awards-2012-winners-list-mahesh-babu-dookudu-096611.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515152327/http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/cinemaa-awards-2012-winners-list-mahesh-babu-dookudu-096611.html |archive-date=15 May 2015 |access-date=15 May 2015 |publisher=Oneindia Entertainment}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |2013
|[[Racha (film)|''Racha'']], ''[[Endukante Premanta]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Citation |title=CineMAA Awards 2013 Part 12 |date=12 April 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AU-hN_0Xc_w |access-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211154114/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AU-hN_0Xc_w |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Dayawati Modi Global Awards{{anchor|D}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2017
|Youth Icon Of The Year
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Subodh |date=11 June 2017 |title=Baahubali star Tamannaah awarded 'Young Icon Award', at Arts For India charity event |url=https://medium.com/@SubodhGupta/baahubali-star-tamannaah-awarded-young-icon-award-at-arts-for-india-charity-event-c5a2ff89a6e8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703192745/https://medium.com/@SubodhGupta/baahubali-star-tamannaah-awarded-young-icon-award-at-arts-for-india-charity-event-c5a2ff89a6e8 |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |website=Medium}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"|[[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Awards]]{{anchor|E}}
|style="text-align: center;" |2025
|Favourite Actress – Tamil
|''[[Aranmanai 4]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Malay |date=5 May 2025 |title=Kollywood comes to Penang: Edison Awards 2025 to light up Spice Arena on May 17 |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/05/05/kollywood-comes-to-penang-edison-awards-2025-to-light-up-spice-arena-on-may-17/175683 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505130145/https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2025/05/05/kollywood-comes-to-penang-edison-awards-2025-to-light-up-spice-arena-on-may-17/175683 |archive-date=5 May 2025 |access-date=30 July 2025 |website=Malay Mail}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Elle List
|style="text-align:center;" |2025
|Performer Of The Year
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=चव्हाण |first=दिवेश |date=31 January 2025 |title=तमन्ना भाटियाचा elleindia कडून सम्मान; 'परफॉर्मर ऑफ दि इअर' पुरस्काराने केले पुरस्कारित |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/photos/the-tamanna-bhatia-was-awarded-the-performer-of-the-year-award-770227.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425113401/https://www.navarashtra.com/photos/the-tamanna-bhatia-was-awarded-the-performer-of-the-year-award-770227.html |archive-date=25 April 2025 |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="8" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]{{efn|name=n1}}{{anchor|F}}
|style="text-align:center;" |[[55th Filmfare Awards South|2007]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|''[[Kalloori]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ffs55">{{Cite web |date=19 June 2021 |title=55th Filmfare Awards South (2008) |url=https://bollywoodproduct.in/55th-filmfare-awards-south-2008/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211164424/https://bollywoodproduct.in/55th-filmfare-awards-south-2008/ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Bollywood Product}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |[[57th Filmfare Awards South|2009]]
|''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ffs57">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2021 |title=57th Filmfare Awards South (2010) |url=https://bollywoodproduct.in/57th-filmfare-awards-south-2010/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211165041/https://bollywoodproduct.in/57th-filmfare-awards-south-2010/ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Bollywood Product}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|''[[Konchem Ishtam Konchem Kashtam]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ffs57" />
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[58th Filmfare Awards South|2010]]
|Best Actress – Tamil
|''[[Paiyaa]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ffs58">{{Cite web |date=29 June 2021 |title=58th Filmfare Awards South (2011) |url=https://bollywoodproduct.in/58th-filmfare-awards-south-2011/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192853/https://bollywoodproduct.in/58th-filmfare-awards-south-2011/ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Bollywood Product}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[59th Filmfare Awards South|2011]]
|rowspan="3" |Best Actress – Telugu
|[[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ffs59">{{Cite web |date=4 July 2021 |title=59th Filmfare Awards South (2012) |url=https://bollywoodproduct.in/59th-filmfare-awards-south-2012/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192827/https://bollywoodproduct.in/59th-filmfare-awards-south-2012/ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Bollywood Product}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[60th Filmfare Awards South|2012]]
|[[Racha (film)|''Racha'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ffs60">{{Cite magazine |date=4 July 2013 |title=60th Idea Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Nominations |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516011504/http://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-nominations-3603-3.html |archive-date=16 May 2015 |access-date=16 May 2015 |magazine=Filmfare}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[63rd Filmfare Awards South|2015]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Devesh |date=14 June 2016 |title=Who will win the award for Best Actor (Female) -Telugu? |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/who-will-win-the-award-for-best-actor-female-telugu-13890.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617062651/http://www.filmfare.com/features/who-will-win-the-award-for-best-actor-female-telugu-13890.html |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Filmfare.com}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[64th Filmfare Awards South|2016]]
|Best Actress – Tamil
|[[Devi (2016 film)|''Devi'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chennai |first=India Today Web Desk |date=17 June 2017 |title=64th Filmfare Awards South 2017: Here is the full nominations' list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/64th-filmfare-awards-south-2017-full-nominations-list-983224-2017-06-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218143346/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/64th-filmfare-awards-south-2017-full-nominations-list-983224-2017-06-17 |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=10 December 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Filmfare Middle East Achiever’s Night Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2022
|Best Director-Actor Duo
|''[[Babli Bouncer]]''
|{{won}}{{efn|name=n2}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ifasa |first=Aminath |date=21 November 2022 |title=All the winners at the Filmfare Middle East Achiever's Night 2022 |url=https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/filmfare-middle-east-achievers-night |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122151005/https://www.masala.com/bollywood-news/filmfare-middle-east-achievers-night |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=10 May 2024 |work=Masala.com}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Global Spa Fit & Fab Awards{{anchor|G}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2021
|Pan–India Entertainer
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2021 |title=The 'GlobalSpa Fit & Fab Awards 2021' held successfully! |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/the-livaeco-globalspa-fit-fab-awards-2021-held-successfully/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209105112/https://www.cinebuster.in/the-livaeco-globalspa-fit-fab-awards-2021-held-successfully/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=Cine Buster}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2021 |title=The Global Spa Fit & Fab Awards 2021 successfully mark fourth chapter of The Wellness Festival |url=https://yespunjab.com/the-livaeco-global-spa-fit-fab-awards-2021-successfully-mark-fourth-chapter-of-the-wellness-festival/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209105059/https://yespunjab.com/the-livaeco-global-spa-fit-fab-awards-2021-successfully-mark-fourth-chapter-of-the-wellness-festival/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=Yes Punjab}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Hindustan Times India's Most Stylish Awards{{anchor|H}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2022
|Breaking The Mould (Female)
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2022 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia sets temperature soaring in black off-shoulder gown |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/lifestyle/ht-india-s-most-stylish-2022-tamannaah-bhatia-sets-temperature-soaring-in-black-off-shoulder-gown-101657956982195.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627010806/https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/lifestyle/ht-india-s-most-stylish-2022-tamannaah-bhatia-sets-temperature-soaring-in-black-off-shoulder-gown-101657956982195.html |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2022 |title=HT's India's Most Stylish Awards 2022 winners: Kartik Aaryan is the most stylish actor, Ranbir Kapoor bags stylish superstar award |url=https://www.desimartini.com/events/hts-indias-most-stylish-awards-2022-winners-kartik-aaryan-is-the-most-stylish-actor-ranbir-kapoor-bags-stylish-superstar-award/f41d0101a9570/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627010807/https://www.desimartini.com/events/hts-indias-most-stylish-awards-2022-winners-kartik-aaryan-is-the-most-stylish-actor-ranbir-kapoor-bags-stylish-superstar-award/f41d0101a9570/ |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=Desimartini}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Hyderabad Times Film Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2011
|Best Actress
|[[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="hta2011">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhqRAtjAlSk |title=Hyderabad Times Film Awards 2011 |date=25 January 2012 |type=News report |language=hi |publisher=Zoom TV |place=India |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708085907/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhqRAtjAlSk |archive-date=8 July 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[IIFA Utsavam|IIFA Utsavam Awards]]{{anchor|I}}
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[1st IIFA Utsavam|2016]]
|Best Performance in a Leading Role – Female (Telugu)
|rowspan="2" |''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2016 |title=IIFA Utsavam Awards 2016 Telugu Nominees & Winners |url=https://updatebro.com/iifa-utsavam-awards-2015-telugu-nominees-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211093656/https://updatebro.com/iifa-utsavam-awards-2015-telugu-nominees-winners/ |archive-date=11 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Update Bro}}</ref>
|-
|Best Performance in a Leading Role – Female (Tamil)
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2016 |title=IIFA Utsavam Awards 2016 Tamil Nominees & Winners |url=https://updatebro.com/iifa-utsavam-awards-2015-tamil-nominees-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127081456/https://updatebro.com/iifa-utsavam-awards-2015-tamil-nominees-winners/ |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Update Bro}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Indo-French International Film Festival Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2023
|Best
Actress Feature Film
|''[[Kanne Kalaimaane]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ififf">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2023 |title=Indo French International Film Festival 2023 Winners Udhayanidhi movie three awards Tamannaah best actrss |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/indo-french-international-film-festival-udhayanidhi-movie-three-awards-tamanna-best-actrss-719291/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720053255/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/indo-french-international-film-festival-udhayanidhi-movie-three-awards-tamanna-best-actrss-719291/ |archive-date=20 July 2023 |access-date=20 July 2023 |website=Indian Express Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]{{anchor|L}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2022
|Most Stylish Fashion Icon
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2022 |title=Lokmat Most Stylish Awards Winners: From Abhishek Bachchan, Shraddha Kapoor, Ananya Panday to Genelia and Riteish Deshmukh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-winners-from-abhishek-bachchan-shraddha-kapoor-ananya-panday-to-genelia-and-riteish-deshmukh/articleshow/94575882.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705093329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-winners-from-abhishek-bachchan-shraddha-kapoor-ananya-panday-to-genelia-and-riteish-deshmukh/articleshow/94575882.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |NRI of the year Awards{{anchor|N}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2017
|Global Indian Impact Icon
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]], [[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times Now ICICI Bank NRI of the Year Awards 2017 honour global Indian achievers |url=http://bestmediainfo.com/2017/07/times-now-icici-bank-nri-of-the-year-awards-2017-honour-global-indian-achievers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160647/http://bestmediainfo.com/2017/07/times-now-icici-bank-nri-of-the-year-awards-2017-honour-global-indian-achievers/ |archive-date=15 September 2017 |access-date=15 September 2017 |website=BEST MEDIA INFO}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Sakal Sanman{{anchor|S}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2025
|Entertainer Of The Year
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2025 |title=Tamannah looks exceedingly graceful in sari |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/beauty-and-fashion/2025/02/24/tamannah-looks-exceedingly-graceful-sari-stuns-fans.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425113324/https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/beauty-and-fashion/2025/02/24/tamannah-looks-exceedingly-graceful-sari-stuns-fans.amp.html |archive-date=25 April 2025 |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=English Manorama}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" |[[Santosham Film Awards]]{{efn|name=n1}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2011
|[[Santosham Best Actress Award|Best Actress]]
|[[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']]
|{{win}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="sf2012">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7E3XSdpwn4 |title=10th Santhosham Awards (Santosham South Indian Film Awards 2012) Best Actress Award Tamannaah |date=10 January 2014 |language=te |publisher=Maa TV |place=India |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510071108/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7E3XSdpwn4 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live |via=Silviu Tolu@[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|[[16th Santosham Film Awards|2018]]
|Sridevi Smarakam Award
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2018 |title=Santosham Awards 2018: Chiranjeevi, Tamannaah And Others Attend The Event; View Photos |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2018/santosham-awards-2018-chiranjeevi-tamannaah-others-attend-the-event-276733.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117102826/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2018/santosham-awards-2018-chiranjeevi-tamannaah-others-attend-the-event-276733.html |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=FiLMiBEAT}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[20th Santosham Film Awards|2019]]
|Best Actress
|''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qEPpVYT6BE |title=Santosham SumanTV Awards 2021 Full Episode |date=26 December 2021 |type=Awards show |language=te |publisher=SumanTV Telugu |place=India |time=02:36:53 |time-caption=Best Heroine Tamanna Bhatia |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510082116/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qEPpVYT6BE |archive-date=10 May 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |[[Saturn Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;" |[[42nd Saturn Awards|2015]]
|[[Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress#2010s|Best Supporting Actress]]
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="sa42">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2016 |title='Baahubali' nominated for Saturn Awards in five categories |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/baahubali-nominated-for-saturn-awards-in-five-categories/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401155047/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/baahubali-nominated-for-saturn-awards-in-five-categories/ |archive-date=1 April 2017 |access-date=1 April 2017 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="6" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]{{efn|name=n1}}
|style="text-align:center;" |[[1st South Indian International Movie Awards|2011]]
|rowspan="2" |[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|[[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2012 |title=All the favourites and more in SIIMA list - Malayalam News (SIIMA 2012) |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/all-the-favourites-and-more-in-siima-list-malayalam-news-82883.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901103806/https://www.indiaglitz.com/all-the-favourites-and-more-in-siima-list-malayalam-news-82883.html |archive-date=1 September 2020 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |[[3rd South Indian International Movie Awards|2013]]
|rowspan="2" |''[[Tadakha]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="simma3">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSGjHH9R89M |title=Best Actress in Telugu – Samntha – Attarintiki Daredi (SIMMA 2014) |access-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211015256/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSGjHH9R89M |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress (Critics) – Telugu]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIkySu3W3gI |title=Tamannaah Honors as Best Actress Critics in Telugu Tadakha (SIIMA 2014) |date=22 November 2014 |publisher=iDream Filmnagar |place=India |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417110000/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=yIkySu3W3gI |archive-date=17 April 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|2016]]
|rowspan="2" |[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress – Tamil]]
|[[Dharma Durai (2016 film)|''Dharma Durai'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2017 |title=SIIMA Nominations: Theri, Janatha Garage, Maheshinte Prathikaram and Kirik Party lead (SIMMA 2017) |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705012559/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=10 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[9th South Indian International Movie Awards#2019 winners and nominees|2019]]
|''[[Kanne Kalaimaane]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2021 |title=Dhanush, Manju Warrier, Chetan Kumar, others: SIIMA Awards announces nominees (SIMMA 2021) |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-manju-warrier-chetan-kumar-others-siima-awards-announces-nominees-154502 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830151926/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dhanush-manju-warrier-chetan-kumar-others-siima-awards-announces-nominees-154502 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|2024]]
|Celebrating 20 Years In Cinema
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2024 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia Explains The Reason Why She Missed Her SIIMA Award |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/tamannaah-bhatia-explains-the-reason-why-she-missed-her-siima-award-article-113436105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917233546/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/tamannaah-bhatia-explains-the-reason-why-she-missed-her-siima-award-article-113436105 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Richa |date=17 September 2024 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia missed her award due to this fiasco |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tamannaah-bhatia-missed-her-award-due-to-this-fiasco-6586924 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918005334/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/tamannaah-bhatia-missed-her-award-due-to-this-fiasco-6586924 |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |South Scope Awards{{efn|name=n1}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2009
|Best Actress
|''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakash Raj & Tamannaah gets South Scope Awards 2010 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/prakash-raj-tamannaah-gets-south-scope-awards-news-tamil-kkguBCeidcisi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018200653/http://www.sify.com/movies/prakash-raj-tamannaah-gets-south-scope-awards-news-tamil-kkguBCeidcisi.html |archive-date=18 October 2014 |access-date=15 September 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |South Scope Lifestyle Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2016
|South India's Most Admired Celebrity
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'', ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Actress |first=South Indian |date=16 December 2016 |title=Tamanna Stills at South Scope Life Style Awards 2016 |url=https://southindianactress.in/tamanna-stills-south-scope-life-style-awards-2016/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510154116/https://southindianactress.in/tamanna-stills-south-scope-life-style-awards-2016/ |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=South Indian Actress}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Tira Grazia Fashion Awards{{anchor|T}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2025
|One & Only Style Icon
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savadi |first=Tanmayi |date=20 March 2025 |title=Tira Grazia Fashion Awards 2025: 'Gen Z Style' Icon Khushi Kapoor To 'Rising Star' Vedang Raina |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/tira-grazia-fashion-awards-2025-gen-z-style-icon-khushi-kapoor-to-rising-star-vedang-raina-meet-the-winners-article-119227120 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323054921/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/tira-grazia-fashion-awards-2025-gen-z-style-icon-khushi-kapoor-to-rising-star-vedang-raina-meet-the-winners-article-119227120 |archive-date=23 March 2025 |access-date=23 March 2025 |website=Times Now}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |TSR - TV9 National Film Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2011–12
|Best Heroine
|[[100% Love (2011 film)|''100% Love'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="tt11">{{Cite web |title=TSR-TV9 film awards for 2011-12 announced |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/tsr-tv9-film-awards-for-2011-12-announced-113041900617_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011041805/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/tsr-tv9-film-awards-for-2011-12-announced-113041900617_1.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |2013–14
|Best Actress
|''[[Tadakha]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="tt13">{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=17 July 2015 |title=TSR-TV9 award winners announced |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150716/entertainment-bollywood/article/tsr-tv9-award-winners-announced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105181252/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150716/entertainment-bollywood/article/tsr-tv9-award-winners-announced |archive-date=5 January 2018 |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2015 |title=TSR-TV9 National Film Awards 2013-2014 |url=https://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/59776/tsr-tv9-national-film-awards-2013-2014-photos.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606055959/https://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/59776/tsr-tv9-national-film-awards-2013-2014-photos.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2024 |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Ragalahari}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" |[[Vijay Awards]]{{anchor|V}}
|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |2009
|[[Vijay Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaRFLHWxWYw |title=Vijay Awards 2009 full event |date=5 June 2012 |type=Television production |language=ta |publisher=Vijay Television |place=India |time=03:31:26 |time-caption=Nominees for Best Actress are announced in the video at the time stamp |access-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122112815/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaRFLHWxWYw |archive-date=22 January 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Vijay Award for Favourite Heroine|Favourite Heroine]]
|[[Ayan (film)|''Ayan'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaRFLHWxWYw |title=Vijay Awards 2009 full event |date=5 June 2012 |type=Television production |language=ta |publisher=Vijay Television |place=India |time=04:33:14 |time-caption=Nominees for Favourite Heroine are announced in the video at the time stamp |access-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122112815/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaRFLHWxWYw |archive-date=22 January 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |2010
|''[[Paiyaa]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl0sMfvSm_M |title=Vijay Awards 2010 full event |date=7 June 2012 |type=Television production |language=ta |publisher=Vijay Television |place=India |time=04:51:32 |time-caption=Nominees for Favourite Heroine are announced in the video at the time stamp |access-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063254/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl0sMfvSm_M |archive-date=21 September 2013 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Zee Apsara Awards{{anchor|Z}}
|style="text-align:center;" |2018
|Sridevi Memorial Award
|Film industry achievements
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2018 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia to be felicitated with Sridevi Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/tamannaah-bhatia-to-be-felicitated-with-sridevi-award-5128542/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117093252/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/tamannaah-bhatia-to-be-felicitated-with-sridevi-award-5128542/ |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Zee Cine Awards]]
|style="text-align:center;" |2014
|Best Debut Actress
|[[Himmatwala (2013 film)|''Himmatwala'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Zee Cine Awards 2014: Complete list of nominations |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327133119/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2014/zee-cine-awards-2014-complete-list-of-nominations_150384.html |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Zee News}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |2020
|Favourite Actress – Tamil
|''[[Devi 2]]'', ''[[Kanne Kalaimaane]]'', [[Action (2019 film)|''Action'']]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winters |first=Bryce J. |date=4 January 2020 |title=Zee Cine Awards Tamil 2020 Live Updates: Nominations List, Event Venue, Hosts, Time Schedule, Award Winners and Nominations, How to Get General Passes? |url=https://thenewscrunch.com/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-live-updates-nominations-list-event-venue-hosts-time-schedule-award-winners-and-nominations-how-to-get-general-passes/13626/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625230113/https://thenewscrunch.com/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-live-updates-nominations-list-event-venue-hosts-time-schedule-award-winners-and-nominations-how-to-get-general-passes/13626/ |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=TheNewsCrunch}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" |Zee Cinemalu Awards
|style="text-align:center;" |2017
|Queen of Box Office
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'', [[Bengal Tiger (2015 film)|''Bengal Tiger'']], ''[[Oopiri]]'', ''Abhinetri''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Cinemalu Awards 2017 - Tollywood Movie Awards |url=http://www.zeecinemalu.com/en/zee-cinemalu-awards-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216131641/http://www.zeecinemalu.com/en/zee-cinemalu-awards-2017/ |archive-date=16 February 2020 |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=Zee Cinemalu.com}}</ref>
|}

== Honours ==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="honours"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|List of honours received by Tamannaah Bhatia}}
|-
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Honour
!scope="col" |Granted by
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2010
|[[Kalaimamani]]
|[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ka">{{Cite web |date=28 January 2011 |title=Tamil Nadu Govt announces Kalaimamani awards |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Tamil-Nadu-Govt-announces-Kalaimamani-awards/article15536958.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084140/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Tamil-Nadu-Govt-announces-Kalaimamani-awards/article15536958.ece |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 September 2017 |website=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2017
|[[Honorary degree|Honorary Doctorate]]
|Confederation of International Accreditation Commission
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="ciac">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2017 |title=Tamannaah Bhatia conferred with honorary doctorate |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tamannaah-bhatia-conferred-with-honorary-doctorate/articleshow/59723823.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101044031/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tamannaah-bhatia-conferred-with-honorary-doctorate/articleshow/59723823.cms |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=1 November 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|}

== Ranking ==
{|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="ranking"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Popularity ranking received by Tamannaah Bhatia from various platforms}}
|-
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Category
!scope="col" |Rank
!scope="col" |Organisation
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2017
|Top stars of Indian cinema
|#4
|[[IMDb]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chronicle |first=Deccan |date=9 December 2017 |title=IMDb Top stars of Indian cinema 2017: 3 Khans and Baahubali stars dominate |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/091217/imdb-top-stars-of-indian-cinema-2017-3-khans-and-baahubali-stars-dominate.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217014608/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/091217/imdb-top-stars-of-indian-cinema-2017-3-khans-and-baahubali-stars-dominate.html |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=17 December 2023 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Manglik |first=Reshu |date=9 December 2017 |title=IMDb top 10 stars of Indian cinema in 2017: Can you guess who's on the top? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-imdb-top-10-stars-of-indian-cinema-in-2017-shah-rukh-khan-amir-khan-salman-khan-on-top-416068 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181454/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-imdb-top-10-stars-of-indian-cinema-in-2017-shah-rukh-khan-amir-khan-salman-khan-on-top-416068 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=30 June 2021 |publisher=INDIATV}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2020
|Most tweeted about actors (female) in South Indian entertainment
|#7
|[[Twitter]]
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Keerthy Suresh and Mahesh Babu are Most Tweeted About South Indian Superstars of 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-mahesh-babu-are-most-tweeted-about-south-indian-superstars-of-2020-1749313-2020-12-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214073820/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/regional-cinema/story/keerthy-suresh-and-mahesh-babu-are-most-tweeted-about-south-indian-superstars-of-2020-1749313-2020-12-14 |archive-date=14 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=India Today}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |2021
|Most influential social media stars of South cinema
|#10
|''[[Forbes India]]''
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Devasheesh |date=18 October 2021 |title=Rashmika Mandanna Tops Forbes List of Most Influential Social Media Stars of South Cinema |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rashmika-mandanna-tops-forbes-list-of-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema-4333919.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129172148/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/rashmika-mandanna-tops-forbes-list-of-most-influential-social-media-stars-of-south-cinema-4333919.html |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=News18}}</ref>
|-
|Most tweeted about actors (female) in South Indian entertainment
|#8
|Twitter
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chennai |first=Janani K |date=12 December 2021 |title=Thalapathy Vijay is the most talked-about South Indian actor in 2021 on Twitter. See full list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-is-the-most-talked-about-actor-in-south-india-in-2021-on-twitter-see-full-list-1886916-2021-12-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105051459/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/thalapathy-vijay-is-the-most-talked-about-actor-in-south-india-in-2021-on-twitter-see-full-list-1886916-2021-12-12 |archive-date=5 January 2022 |access-date=12 December 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2023
|Most popular Indian stars
|#6
|IMDb
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=Shah Rukh Khan tops IMDb's list of 10 most popular Indian stars, Alia Bhatt and Deepika Padukone follow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-tops-imdb-list-10-most-popular-indian-stars-alia-bhatt-deepika-padukone-follow-101700633466272.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122092047/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-tops-imdb-list-10-most-popular-indian-stars-alia-bhatt-deepika-padukone-follow-101700633466272.html |archive-date=22 November 2023 |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Mashable |date=22 November 2023 |title=Shah Rukh Khan Tops IMDb's Top 10 Most Popular Indian Stars Of 2023; Alia Bhatt, Nayanthara And More On List |url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/64335/shah-rukh-khan-tops-imdbs-top-10-most-popular-indian-stars-of-2023-alia-bhatt-nayanthara-and-more-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122092159/https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/64335/shah-rukh-khan-tops-imdbs-top-10-most-popular-indian-stars-of-2023-alia-bhatt-nayanthara-and-more-on |archive-date=22 November 2023 |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=Mashable India}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2014–2024
|Top 100 most viewed Indian stars of the last decade
|#16
|IMDb
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Soumyabrata |date=29 May 2024 |title=IMDb's Top 100 Most Viewed Indian Stars Of The Last Decade OUT! Deepika Padukone Leads List, Followed By Shah Rukh Khan, More |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/imdbs-top-100-most-viewed-indian-stars-of-the-last-decade-out-deepika-padukone-leads-list-followed-by-shah-rukh-khan-more-article-110534156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606060000/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/imdbs-top-100-most-viewed-indian-stars-of-the-last-decade-out-deepika-padukone-leads-list-followed-by-shah-rukh-khan-more-article-110534156 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=Shah Rukh Khan tops IMDb's list of 10 most popular Indian stars, Alia Bhatt and Deepika Padukone follow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-tops-imdb-list-10-most-popular-indian-stars-alia-bhatt-deepika-padukone-follow-101700633466272.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122092047/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-tops-imdb-list-10-most-popular-indian-stars-alia-bhatt-deepika-padukone-follow-101700633466272.html |archive-date=22 November 2023 |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist|
*{{efn|name=n1|Year indicates production date of nominated work, except for film industry achievement awards, where it refers to the ceremony date.
}}
*{{efn|name=n2|Tied with [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]}}
}}

== See also ==
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia filmography]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1961459|section=awards|Tamannaah Bhatia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhatia, Tamannaah}}
[[Category:Lists of awards received by Indian actor|Tamannaah Bhatia]]

Architecture of Karnataka

2026-01-26T07:24:14Z

Nonebotnone50: creating new info v1

{{Short description|Architecture of Indian state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:GBerunda.JPG|thumb|The Gandaberunda emblem in the Mysore Palace]]
The antiquity of '''architecture of Karnataka''' ({{Langx|kn|ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ}}) also known as '''Kannada architecture''' can be traced to its southern Neolithic and early Iron Age, Having witnessed the architectural ideological and utilitarian transformation from shelter- ritual- religion.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=ARJUN|first1=R|title=Architecture of Karnataka; The Antiquity and the Transformation (From Tekkalakota to Pattadkal)|journal=MySOCIETY|date=2014|volume=VII|issue=1–2|pages=26–44|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268210042}}</ref> Here the nomenclature 'Architecture' is as old as c.2000 B.C.E. The upper or late Neolithic people in order to make their shelters by their own they constructed huts made of wattle and doab, that were buttressed by stone boulders, presumably having conical roof resting on the bamboo or wooden posts into red murram or paved granite chips as revealed in archaeological excavations in sites like Brhamagiri (Chitradurga district), Sanganakallu, Tekkalakota (Bellary district), Piklihal (Raichur district). Megaliths are the dominant archaeological evidence of the early Iron Age (c. 1500 B.C.E- 100 C.E unsettled date). There are more than 2000 early Iron Age burial sites on record, who laid the foundation for a high non-perishable architecture in the form of various distinct architectural styles of stone-built burials, which are ritualistic in its character. The active religious architecture is evident 345 with that of the [[Kadamba Dynasty]]. [[Karnataka]] is a [[States and territories of India|state]] in the southern part of India originally known as the [[Mysore State|State of Mysore]]. Over the centuries, architectural monuments within the region displayed a diversity of influences, often relaying much about the artistic trends of the rulers of twelve different dynasties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infohuBCom/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/9257.html|title=Architectural Wonders of Karnataka|access-date=2009-09-26}}{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Its architecture ranges dramatically from majestic monolith, such as the [[Gomateshwara]], to [[Hindu]] and [[Jain]] places of worship, ruins of ancient cities, [[mausoleums]] and palaces of different architectural hue. [[Mysore Kingdom]] ([[Wodeyar]]) rule has also given an architectural master structure in the [[St. Philomena's Church, Mysore|St. Philomena's Church]] at [[Mysore]] (extolled by the King as a structure of divine compassion and the eager gratitude of men)<ref name="heri" /> which was completed in 1956, in addition to many [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]] style architectural temples. Two of the monuments ([[Pattadakal]] and [[Hampi]]) are listed under the [[UNESCO World Heritage List]] of 22 cultural monuments in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/in|title=World Heritage List|access-date=2009-09-26| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091030165423/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/IN| archive-date= 30 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> Styles of [[Indo-Saracenic]], [[Renaissance]], [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]], [[Hindu architecture|Hindu]], [[Indo-Greek]] and Indo-British style palaces were built in [[Mysore]], the city of palaces. [[Sikh architecture]] at [[Bidar]] (1512) and also in [[Bangalore]] in 1956 can also be cited as having an impact on the architectural composition of the state.

Apart from the ancient traditional [[Buddhist]] [[Vihara]]s which existed in India since ancient times, since the [[Independence of India]] in 1947, Karnataka has experienced some marked architectural changes, notably by the influx of [[Tibetan people|Tibetan refugees]] which arrived in the state between 1963 and 1997, bringing with them the traditional [[Tibetan art]] and architectural styles, reflected in the Buddhist monastery at [[Bylakuppe]] for instance. [[Vidhana Soudha]] (built in [[Bangalore]] in 1953) and the tallest temple at [[Murudeshwar]] are the witnesses to the Neo–Dravidian architectural influences which have evolved since independence. The chronology of the architecture of Karnataka is elaborated in the right-hand box.
{{TOC limit|2}}

==Kadamba architecture==
{{main|Kadamba architecture}}
{{multiple image
| align = left
| header = Synthesis of several schools of architecture during Kadamba Dynasty
| image1 = Doddagaddavalli Lakshmidevi temple1 retouched.JPG
| width1 = 150
| caption1 = [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]] [[shikhara]] (tower) with [[Kalasa]] (pinnacle) on top
| image2 = Madhukeshwara Temple.JPG
| width2 = 150
| caption2 = Madhukeshwara Temple
}}
The [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadambas]] of [[Banavasi]] were the ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka from 345 to 525, and made a significant early contribution to the architectural heritage of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/deccan/kadamba.htm|title=Madukeshwara temple|access-date=2009-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/archaeology/banavasi.htm|title=Ancient City of Banavasi|author=Dr. Jyotsna Kamat |publisher=Kamat's Potpourri|work=1996-2006 Kamat's Potpourri|access-date=2006-11-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061109011259/http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/archaeology/banavasi.htm| archive-date= 9 November 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref>
Dr. G. M. Moraes opines that apart from using some unique features, the Kadambas incorporated a diversity of styles in their architecture ([[Kadamba architecture]]), derived from their predecessors and overlords, drawing upon the architectural tradition of the [[Satavahanas]] for instance. The Kadambas were the originators of the Karnataka architecture.<ref name=Kamat>{{Cite book|last=Kamat|first=Suryanatha|title= A concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present|work=Kadamaba dynasty|pages=37–38|access-date=2009-09-26|url= https://openlibrary.org/b/OL4248712M/concise_history_of_Karnataka|publisher= Archana Prakashana (Bangalore)|year= 1980|ol=4248712M }}</ref> The most prominent basic feature of their architecture is the [[Shikara]] (dome), called Kadamba Shikara. The Shikara is pyramid shaped and rises in steps without any decoration, with a stupika or [[kalasha]] at the top. Occasionally the pyramids had perforated screen windows. This style of Shikara was used several centuries later, having an influence on the [[Doddagaddavalli]] [[Hoysala]] Temple and the Mahakuta temples in [[Hampi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka10.htm|title=Kadambas of Banavsi|access-date=2009-09-26|archive-date=5 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205181122/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka10.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Madhukeshwara (Lord [[Shiva]]) Temple in [[Banavasi]] was built by Kadambas, and has an intricately carved stone cot.<ref name=arch>{{cite web|url=http://www.soans.com/ArchWond2.htm|title=Architectural Wonders|access-date=2009-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023043106/http://www.soans.com/ArchWond2.htm|archive-date=23 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Originally built by the Kadambas, it has undergone, over a period of a thousand years, many additions and renovations, from the [[Chalukyas]] to the rulers of Sonda. "Kadambotsava", an annual cultural festival is held here in the month of December.<ref name=arch/>

==Dravidian architecture==
{{main|Dravidian architecture}}
{{multiple image|perrow = 1/2/2
| header = Dravidian architecture {{nobold|Cave temples and surface structural temples. Blend of North Indian Nagara style and South Indian Dravidian style}}
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Gomateswara.jpg|width1=259| caption1 = Statue of [[Gomateshwara]] (982–983 AD)
| image2 = Mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg|width2 = 146 | caption2 = [[Mantapa]], [[Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli]]
| image3 = Talakadu Temple.jpg| width3 = 113 | caption3 = Temple recovered from [[sand dunes]] at [[Talakadu]]
| image4 = View of wall relief with sikhara in background at Vaidyeshvara temple at Talakad.jpg|width4 = 121 | caption4 = Keerthinarayana Temple at [[Talakad]]
| image5 = Nanjanagudu 1.jpg| width5 = 138 | caption5 = [[Nanjangud]] temple originally built by the [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Ganga Dynasty]] rulers in the ninth century
}}
Various temples in the [[Jain]]a, [[Shaiva]] and [[Vishnu]] traditions were built under the [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Western Ganga Sovereign Dynasty]], which was subordinate to [[Pallava]] from 350 to 550, under [[Chalukya]] overlordship until 753 and under [[Rashtrakuta]] overlordship until 1100. The construction of monuments such as [[Gomateshwara]] (982–983) in places such as [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Kambadahalli]] and [[Talakadu]] by the Western Ganga kings reflect a tolerance to different faiths. Some [[Vaishnava]] temples were built by the Gangas, such as the Narayanaswami temples in [[Nanjangud]], [[Sattur]] and Hangala, in the modern [[Mysore district]].<ref>Kamat pp. 314–316</ref>

===Gomateshwara===
[[Gomateshwara]] (983), situated in [[Shravanabelagola]] is a monolithic statue standing {{convert|17.8|m|ft}} high above a hill (618 steps climb leads to this monolith), and is visible from a distance of {{convert|30|km|mi}} and regarded as one of the largest monolithic statues in the world. The statue was built by the Ganga minister and commander [[Chavundaraya]] (940–989) in honour of Lord [[Bahubali]]. Carved from fine-grained white granite, the image stands on a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]]. It has no support up to the thighs and is {{convert|60|ft|m}} tall with the face measuring {{convert|6.5|ft|m}}. With the serene expression on the face of the image, its curled hair with graceful locks, its proportional [[anatomy]], the monolith size, and the combination of its artistry and craftsmanship have led it to be called the mightiest achievement in sculptural art in medieval Karnataka.<ref>Kamat p. 51</ref> It is the largest monolithic statue in the world.<ref name="keay">{{cite book|last =Keay|first =John |title =India: A History|page=608|access-date=2009-09-26|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3aeQqmcXBhoC&q=India:+A+History+John+Keay|publisher =Grove Press |year=2001|isbn= 0-8021-3797-0}}</ref>

===Panchakuta basadi (Jain basadi)===
{{Further|Kambadahalli}}
This is one of the most elegant monuments built in Dravidian, [[Vesara]] and [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] styles during the period between 900 and 1000. The temple, which is oriented to the north towards the Brahmadeva pillar, has five shrines (hence the name Panchakuta). Three shrines are connected to a mantapa by a vestibule and consist of the main shrine of [[tirthankara]] [[Rishabha (Jain tirthankar)|Adinatha]] flanked by [[Neminatha]] shrine to the east and Shanthinatha shrine containing a {{convert|3|m|ft}} tall idol of the tirthankara to the west. The other two shrines, which are disconnected and lie to the north of the trikuta cluster (three shrines), are also dedicated to tirthankaras. These are two different monuments.<ref name=monuments>{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2006020313510400.htm&date=2006/02/03/&prd=th&|title=According to Robert J. Delbonta, who researched the monument, An article in ''The Hindu''|date=3 February 2006|access-date=2009-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509081551/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2006020313510400.htm&date=2006%2F02%2F03%2F&prd=th&|archive-date=9 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Talakad===
[[Talakad]] is a historical site along the banks of the [[Cauvery River]] near [[Mysore]]. This small town, with a strong history and a prolonged period of human settlement was a flourishing city during the [[Hoysala]] period (12th–13th century), and was also an important trade centre during the reign of Gangas (from the 6th century for about 400 years) and Cholas (close of 10th century) and the Hoysalas from 1116. Towards the early 15th century it came under the Vijayanagara rule, and remained with them until the end of the 16th century. There are about a dozen temples spread over a small area of {{convert|4|km2|mi2}}, perhaps reflecting the rich art, culture, trade and human activities that once existed there. The town now looks abandoned, except during the time of pilgrimage held once every few years. The temples, whose deities are regularly worshipped, such as the Kirthinarayana Temple, are either uncovered frequently or are protected continuously from accumulation of [[sand]]. The sand is removed to uncover them for a specific worship and an important pilgrimage held every five to twelve years; the recent [[Panchalinga Darshana]] pilgrimage was held during December 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec102007/1495.pdf|title=The Thalakaadu phenomenon: A miracle or an ecological disaster?|access-date=2009-09-26}}</ref>

===Nanjangud Temple===
The temple, located at [[Nanjangud]] on the right bank of the [[Kabini River]], was originally built in Dravidian style by the [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Ganga Dynasty]] rulers in the 9th century during their occupation of this region. It has undergone extensions during the reign of Cholas, Hoysalas, and Wodeyars from the 9th to 19th centuries. It is one of the biggest temples in Karnataka with an area of {{convert|560|ft2|m2}} and with a Gopura (tower) of {{convert|36.576|m|ft}} height, which has seven stories with seven [[gold]] plated Kalasas on top of the Gopura.<ref name=Hakim>{{cite web
| url = http://www.nanjangud.info/nanjangud_temple.html|title =Nanjundeshwara Temple|access-date=2009-09-26| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091029083919/http://nanjangud.info/nanjangud_temple.html| archive-date= 29 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>

The uniqueness of the temple is that it has 66 idols of [[Shaiva]] saints called as [[Nayanars|Nayanmars]] and more than 100 [[Linga]]s (of different kinds and sizes) including the main deity of Shrikanteshwara (Nanjundeshwara) Linga. Next to the Devi deity, in a separate chamber stands the emarald/jade Linga (Pachche Linga in kannada) popularly referred to as ''Hakim Nanjundeswara''; a title given by [[Tippu Sultan]]. It is inscribed in the temple history that on the priests' special prayers to the deity, eyesight of the royal elephant was restored, where after the Sultan had a linga made of [[jade]] along with an [[emerald]] necklace and donated it to the temple.<ref name=Hakim/>

==Badami Chalukya architecture==
{{main|Badami Chalukya architecture}}
{{multiple image
| header = Badami Chalukya Architecture, Badami cave temples
| image1 = Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg
| width1 = 180
| caption1 = [[Vishnu]] seated an [[Adisesha]] (serpent) in the [[Badami]] cave temple
| image2 = Badami,_Höhle_4,_Bahubali_(1999).jpg
| width2 = 180
| caption2 = [[Bahubali]] in [[Badami]] cave number 4
}}
The architecture is of a temple building idiom that evolved in the time period of 5th to 8th centuries in the area of [[Malaprabha]] basin, in present-day [[Bagalkot district]] of Karnataka state, sometimes called the [[Vesara]] style and [[Chalukya]] style. The earliest temples dating back to around 450 in [[Aihole]] when the [[Badami Chalukyas]] were feudatories of the Kadambas of Banavasi are also reflected during this period. According to historians, the Badami Chalukya contribution to temple building matched their valour and their achievements in battle. Their style included two types of monuments, namely the rock cut halls (caves) or cave temple features and the surface structural monuments.
{{multiple image
| header = Badami Chalukya Architecture, Aihole cave temple
| image1 = LadKhanTempleAihole.JPG
| width1 = 160
| caption1 = [[Lad Khan Temple]] at [[Aihole]] [[North Karnataka]]
| image2 = Durga_Temple.jpg
| width2 = 185
| caption2 = [[Durga temple, Aihole|Durga temple]] at [[Aihole]] [[North Karnataka]]
}}

=== Cave temples ===
Cave temple architecture is found in the Badami cave temples at [[Badami]], the early Chalukya capital, carved out in the 6th century. There are four cave temples hewn from the sides of cliffs, three [[Hindu]] and one [[Jain]], which contain carved architectural elements such as decorative pillars and brackets as well as finely carved sculpture and richly etched ceiling panels. Nearby are many small Buddhist cave shrines.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/badami/cave101.html|title=Cave 1 Badami, 575 – 585.|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref> The four caves are simple in style. The entrance is a simple verandah with stone columns and brackets -a distinctive feature of these caves-leading to a columned mandapa and then to the small square shrine (sanctum sanctorum) cut deep into the cave.<ref>{{cite book|first= Binda|last=Thapar|year= 2004|title= Introduction to Indian Architecture|publisher= Periplus Editions|location=Singapore|page= 45|isbn= 0-7946-0011-5}}</ref> The temple caves represent different religious sects. Among them, two are dedicated to Lord Vishnu, one to Lord Shiva and the fourth is a Jain temple. The first three are devoted to the [[Vedic]] faith and the fourth cave is the only Jain temple at [[Badami]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.indian-heritage.org/sculpture/rockut.htm|title=Indian Architecture Rock-cut|publisher=Indian Heritage|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

The cave temples architecture is a blend of [[North Indian]] [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] style and [[South Indian]] [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] style. Each cave has a [[sanctum sanctorum]], a [[mandapa]], a [[verandah]] and [[Column|pillar]]s. The cave temples also bear exquisite [[Stone carving|carvings]], [[sculptures]] and beautiful [[murals]]

==Dravidian and Rekhanagara style of architecture of Rashtrakutas==
The Rashtrakutas who ruled the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] from Manyakheta, [[Kalaburagi district]], Karnataka in the period 753–973 created the Dravidian style and Rekhanagara style of architectural monuments. One of the richest traditions in Indian architecture took shape in the Deccan during this time and one writer calls it Karnataka Dravida style as opposed to traditional Dravida style.<ref name=Karnatadravida>{{cite journal|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation, the Karnata Dravida Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries |jstor=3250027|author=Hardy, Adam|journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=58 |issue=3/4 |year=1999|pages= 358–362|doi=10.2307/3250027}}</ref> [[Pattadakal]] [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] and the Navalinga temples are the structural types of the Rashtrakutas.

=== Pattadakal ===
{{multiple image
|direction=horizontal
|total_width=280
|header=[[Pattadakal]], [[UNESCO]] Heritage Monument: group of 10 temples of [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]], [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] and mixed styles of [[architecture]]

|perrow= 1 / 2
|image1=Group of monuments At Pattadakal.jpg
|caption1=Group of 10 temples at [[Pattadakal]]
|image2=Virupaksha temple at Pattadakal.jpg
|caption2=Virupaksha temple in Dravidian style
|image3=Mallikarjuna and Kasivisvanatha temples at Pattadakal.jpg
|caption3=Mallikarjuna and Kasivisvanatha temples in Dravida and [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] styles
|image4=Papanatha temple at Pattadakal.jpg
|caption4=Papanatha temple – fusion of southern and northern [[Vesara]] styles
|image5=Sangameshvara temple at Pattadakal.jpg
|caption5=Sangameshvara temple in Dravidian style
|image6=Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal.JPG
|caption6=[[Pattadakal#Jain Narayana Temple|Jain Narayana temple]] in Dravidian style
|image7=Temple Pattadakal.JPG
|caption7=Temples in fusion of Dravidian and [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] styles
}}
A group of monuments at [[Pattadakal]], a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], is located in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka. The temples of this group are the finest structural temples of this period and these are the Jaina, Dolmen, Kadasiddheswara, Jambulingeswara, Galaganatha, Chandrashekhara, Sangameswara, Kasivisweswara, Mallikarjuna, Virupaksha and Papanatha Temples.<ref name=WHSP>{{cite web
| url = http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_pattadakkal.asp|title =World heritage sites Pattadakal|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>
The uniqueness of this place derives from the presence of both the Dravidian or the Southern and the Nagara or the Northern (Indo-Aryan) styles of temple architecture. Of the ten temples in Pattadakal, six are in Dravidian style and four in Rekhanagara style. The most famous temples are the Virupaksha Temple, Jain Narayana Temple and the Kashivishvanatha Temple at Pattadakal.

The best known [[Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|Virupaksha Temple]], earliest of the temples in the Chalukyan series, was built by Queen Lokamahadevi in 745 to commemorate her husband's victory ([[Vikramaditya II]] 733–746) over the [[Pallava]]s of [[Kanchi]]. The temple closely resembles the ''Kailashnatha'' temple in Kanchi which served as a model for this temple. The Virupakhsa Temple, in turn, served as an inspiration for the Kailashnatha Temple built by the [[Rashtrakuta]] dynasty in [[Ellora]].

The ''Virupaksha'' Temple is rich in sculptures like those of [[Lingodbhava]], ''[[Nataraja]]'', [[Ravananugraha]] and Ugra[[narasimha]]. It is stated by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] that the tall vimana with axial mandapas and peripheral sub-shrines round the court, enclosed by a wall with gopura-entrances in front and behind were all designed and completed at one time. Adoptions from the Shore Temple at Mahabalipuram in the form of kuta and said–heads has an impressive view from a distance.<ref name=WHSP/>

=== Sangameshvara Temple ===
Sangameshvara Temple built by King [[Vijayaditya]] Satyashraya is incomplete, yet attractive. It is the oldest temple built by Vijayaditya Satyashraya (697–733) exhibits in its vimana a large degree of the contemporary Pallava temples in the southerly elements, as in the Virupaksha and Mallikarjuna temples. The temple is square on plan from the base to shikhara similar to Virupaksha Temple, has no sukanasika but the vimana has three storeys. The lowermost storey is surrounded by two walls, the inner and outer, the second storey being an upward projection of the inner wall, while the outer wall encloses the covered circumambulatory round the sanctum.<ref name=WHSP/>

=== Galaganatha Temple ===
Galaganatha Temple, facing east, built around 750, in the finely evolved rekha-nagara prasada style of architecture contains a sculpture of Lord [[Shiva]] killing the demon [[Andhakasura]]. The temple, built on a plinth with three highly ornate mouldings, comprises a ''[[garbhagriha]]'' or ''sanctum'' which a linga and a vestibule (antarala), both surrounded by a closed circumambulatory path (pradakshinapatha), a hall (sabha–mandapa) and an entrance porch (''mukhamandapa''). The most striking feature of the temple is its well-preserved northern superstructure (rekha-nagara shikhara), topped by amalaka and kalasha. The sculpture housed in this pavilion is that of Siva slaying Andhakasura. The eight-armed god wears a wreath of human skulls (munda-mala) like a sacred thread ([[Upanayana|yajnopavita]]) and is depicted as piercing the demon with the trident ([[trisula]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_ptdkl_monu_galaganatha.asp|title =Galaganatha|access-date = 2009-09-27}}</ref>

=== Papanatha Temple ===
The Papanatha Temple, built around 740, as per Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) records, is in the Vesara style. The temple was started in [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] style but later changed to a more balanced Dravidian style. Sculptures here depict scenes from [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharatha]]. The temple's plan has a sanctum ([[garbhagriha]]) surrounded by a circumambulatory path ([[pradakshina]]patha) with devakoshtha pavilions in its three walls, an ardha-mandapa, a sabha-mandapa and an entrance porch (''mukhamandapa'') provided with kakshasana. A well-developed rekha-nagara (northern) shikhara with an elaborately carved Chaitya-arch enshrining [[Nataraja]] on the frontage of the sukanasa is a special feature at this temple.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_ptdkl_monu_papanatha.asp|title =Papanatha temple |access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref> This temple has many similarities with the ''Navabrahma'' temples in [[Alampur, Mahbubnagar|Alampur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], which were also built by the same dynasty.

Archaeological studies of all the Pattadakal temples show that some have the stellar (multigonal) plan later to be used profusely by the Hoysalas of [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] and [[Halebidu]].<ref name=karnatakatemples>{{cite web|title=Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |author1=Arthikaje, Mangalore |publisher=1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc |author2=Sundara and Rajashekar |access-date=2009-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118125941/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |archive-date=18 January 2010 }}</ref> Another fine monument at Pattadakal is the Navalinga temple at Kuknur.

=== Navalinga Temple ===
The [[Navalinga Temple]] was built in the 9th century, during the reign of King [[Amoghavarsha I]] or his son [[Krishna II]] of the [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty]]. The temple is located in the town of [[Kukkanur]], 40 km away from [[Gadag]]. Built in the [[South India]]n Dravidian architecture style, each of the nine temples in the cluster has a ''[[linga]]'', the universal symbol of [[Hinduism|Hindu]] God [[Shiva]], and hence the name ''Navalinga'' (''lit'' nine ''lingas'').<ref name=navalinga>{{cite web|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|date=20 September 1996|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D228%2BM%3D1053|author=Kamiya, Takeo|publisher=Gerard da Cunha-Architecture Autonomous, Bardez, Goa, India|access-date=2009-09-27}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=linga>Cousens (1926), p. 74</ref>

==Western Chalukya architecture==
{{multiple image|perrow=1/2/2/2
| header = {{resize|115%|[[Western Chalukya architecture]]}}
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Gadag Trikuteshwara temple complex 3.JPG
| width1 = 280
| caption1 = [[Trikuteshwara]] temple complex in [[Gadag]]
| image2 = Someshwara_temple_at_Lakshmeshwara.jpg
| caption2 = Someshwara temple at [[Lakshmeshwara]]
| width2 = 133
| image3 = Jain temple at Lakkundi built in the Kalyani Chalukya style.jpg
| width3 = 165
| caption3 = [[Brahma Jinalaya]], [[Lakkundi]]
| image4 = Mahadeva temple at Itagi in Koppal district.jpg
| width4 = 129
| caption4 = Mahadeva Temple at [[Mahadeva Temple, Itagi|Itagi]]
| image5 = Siddhesvara Temple Haveri.JPG
| width5 = 168
| caption5 = Siddhesvara Temple at [[Haveri]]
| image6 = Sudi twin tower shiva temple 1.jpg
| width6 = 133
| caption6 = Twin Towered Temple at [[Sudi, India|Sudi]]
| image7 = Amrtesvara Temple at Annigeri.JPG
| width7 = 150
| caption7 = Amrtesvara Temple at [[Annigeri]]
| image8 = Kirthimukha at Kasivisvesvara Temple at Lakkundi.JPG
| width8 = 133
| image9 = Kirtimukha decoration on sikhara at Kasivisvesvara temple at Lakkundi.jpg
| width9 = 147
| footer = [[Kirtimukha]] decoration at [[Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi|Kasivisvesvara Temple]], [[Lakkundi]]
}}
[[Western Chalukya architecture]] ({{langx|kn|ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ}}), also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya architecture, is the distinctive style of ornamented architecture in the Shaiva, Vaishnava, and Jain religious traditions that evolved during the rule of the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] in the [[Tungabhadra]] region of central [[Karnataka]], in the 11th and 12th centuries. Western Chalukyan political influence was at its peak in the [[Deccan Plateau]] during this period. The centre of cultural and temple building activity lay in the [[Tungabhadra]] region, where large medieval workshops built numerous monuments.<ref name=workshop>Hardy (1995), p.156</ref> These monuments, regional variants of pre-existing [[Dravidian architecture|Dravida]] (South Indian) temples, defined the ''Karnata dravida'' tradition.<ref name="kardra">Hardy (1995), pp.6–7</ref><ref name=local>{{cite journal|title=Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation, the Karnata Dravida Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries |jstor=3250027|author=Hardy, Adam|journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=58 |issue=3/4 |year=1999|pages=358–362|doi=10.2307/3250027}}</ref>

Temples of all sizes built by the Chalukyan architects during this era remain today, known as a transitional style and provides an architectural link between the style of the early Chalukya dynasty and that of the later [[Hoysala Empire]].

=== Lakkundi temples ===
{{Further|Gadag}}
[[Lakkundi]] in [[Gadag district]] is a tiny village on the way to [[Hospet]] from [[Hubli]]. It is one of the fine architectural feasts of the Kalyana Chalukya period (about 10th century). Currently, Lakkundi has about 50 temples of various stature and antiquity. All the temples are made of green [[schist]] and the outer walls and entrances are very richly decorated. The shikhara is an in-between-style type and the parapet and the artistic division of the wall with pilasters is typical of the south-Indian style. It is also known for [[Step well]]s and historic inscriptions. The centre of cultural and temple building activity lay in the [[Tungabhadra]] region, where large medieval workshops built numerous monuments. These monuments, regional variants of pre-existing Dravida (South Indian) temples, defined the Karnataka Dravida tradition.

=== Kashivisvanatha Temple ===
A great deal of care has gone into the construction of the Kashivisvanatha Temple in Lakkundi, which deifies [[Shiva]]. This temple has a unique feature: a small Surya ([[Sun]]) shrine faces the main shrine on the west. There is a common platform between both, which must have been an open mandapa originally. Hence, the Kashivisvanatha Temple has an entrance on the east side and south side of the mandapa. The entrance doorway and the towers are covered with close intricate carvings. The shikhara (dome) is in the North-Indian style and it looks like a lathe must have been used to make the complex circular pillars.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D230%2BM%3D1056|title=Kashivisvanatha Temple, Hindu, 12th Century|access-date=2009-09-27}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

=== Brahma Jainalaya ===
Brahma Jaina Basti built by queen [[Attimabbe]] is the largest and oldest of many Jain temples in Lakkundi. This temple is dedicated to [[Mahavira]], the most revered saint of Jainism. The temple has a garbhagriha shrine and mandapa style with deep beams on the mandapa from where the eaves are cantilevered.<ref name= jain>{{cite web|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D230%2BM%3D1055 |title=Brahma-Jinalaya Basti, Jain, 11th century|access-date=2009-09-27}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
The large Jaina temple, among the many temples at [[Lakkundi]], also near [[Gadag]], is perhaps one of the earliest examples of temples in this area built of a kind of fine-textured chloritic [[schist]] as distinct from the hitherto-used [[sandstone]] of this region.<ref name= jain/>

The new material, because of its less thick quarry-sizes and tractability, reacted on the workmanship, with the result that the masonry-courses became reduced in size and the carvings more delicate and highly finished. The temple, perhaps built in the latter half of the 11th century, has a five-storeyed vimana (tower), square on plan from the base to the shikhara, and had originally a closed square navaranga in front, though an open mandapa was added in front later on. The central bay of the navaranga is a larger square than the peripheral eight around it. The second storey, as in the Jaina temple at Pattadakkal, is functional and has an antarala-mantapa in front over the vestibule of the lower storey. This raises the total height of the vimana considerably.<ref name= jain/>

=== Mahadeva Temple ===
[[Mahadeva Temple, Itagi|Mahadeva Temple]] at [[Itagi]] in the [[Koppal district]], built in 1112, is an example of Dravida articulation with a nagara superstructure, dedicated to Shiva and is among the larger temples built by the Western Chalukyas and perhaps the most famous. Inscriptions hail it as the 'Emperor among temples'.<ref name=emperor>Kamath (2001), pp.117–118</ref> Here, the main temple, the sanctum of which has a ''linga'', is surrounded by thirteen minor shrines, each with its own ''linga''. The temple has two other shrines, dedicated to Murthinarayana and Chandraleshwari, parents of [[Shiva|Mahadeva]], the Chalukya commanders who consecrated the temple in 1112.<ref name=parent>
{{cite web|title=Emperor of Temples' crying for attention|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm|author=Rao, Kishan|work=The Hindu|date=10 March 2006|access-date=2009-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128010619/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm|archive-date=28 November 2007|url-status=dead}}
</ref>

=== Siddhesvara Temple ===
[[Siddhesvara Temple]] at [[Haveri]], has a staggered square plan with dravida articulation and superstructure of 11th century vintage, to which some innovative 12th century elements such as [[aedicule]]s, miniature decorative towers on [[pilaster]]s, were added.<ref name=add>Foekema (2003), pp.56–57</ref> The temple is built of [[soapstone]].<ref name="soap">Foekema (2003), p. 55</ref> The temple bears close resemblance to a few other Chalukyan temples in the vicinity of Haveri; the Muktesvara Temple at Chavudayyadanapura, the Somesvara Temple at Haralhalli and the Siddharamesvara Temple at Niralgi. The entire basement of this temple has sunk by a few feet, making it necessary to descend into the open ''[[mantapa]]'' (hall).<ref name=east>Cousens (1926), p. 85</ref>

=== Dodda Basappa Temple ===
The [[Dodda Basappa Temple]] at [[Dambal]], a 12th-century Chalukyan temple, is of the [[Western Chalukya]] architectural style. It has a unique 24-pointed, uninterrupted stellate (star-shaped), 7-tiered dravida plan, for the [[vimana (shrine)|vimana]] with so many star points that it almost becomes circular in appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indoarch.org/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120803003020/http://www.indoarch.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 August 2012|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>
Each right angle is divided into four 22.5 degrees angles. Then each angle is again divided and covered with intricate carvings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indoarch.org/place.php?placelink=R%3D5%2BS%3D18%2BP%3D227%2BM%3D1052|title=Dodda Basappa temple – 12th century|access-date=2009-09-27}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

=== Trikuteshwara Shiva Temple ===
The [[Trikuteshwara]] Shiva Temple at [[Gadag]], dated between 1050 and 1200, has ornate pillars with intricate sculpture with three Shivalingas enshrined in the sanctum. It has three lingas mounted on the same stone. Beautifully chiselled stone screens and carved figurines are also seen in the temple. The [[Saraswati]] shrine within the Trikuteshwara temple complex has exquisite stone columns.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.templenet.com/Karnataka/kalyani_chalukya.html|title=Kalyani Chalukya Temples|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

=== Sudi monuments ===
{{Further|Ron, Karnataka}}
[[Sudi, India|Sudi]] is famous for rare stone-carved monuments like twin-towered temple with large well built stone carvings. At one time it was a key town of the Kalyani Chalukyas, during 1000. Besides these structures there is a tower (called Hude in native language) located in the centre of the Sudi village. Several stone temples built by Maha Samanthadhipati Naga Deva in 1100 have caught the attention of Karnataka State Archaeological Department. Quite a few of these structures have been cleaned up.

==Hoysala architecture==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| header = [[Hoysala architecture]]
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Lakshminarasimha Temple at Nuggihalli.jpg | width1 = 300
| caption1 = [[Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Nuggehalli]]
| image2 = Hoysala emblem.JPG | width2 = 140
| caption2 = Sala fighting the tiger, the symbol of [[Hoysala Empire]] in [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]
| image3 = Roofarchitecture som.jpg | width3 = 155
| caption3 = Star shaped ''Vimana'' at [[Somanathapura]]
| image4 = Somanathapura Keshava temple altered.JPG | width4 = 145
| caption4 = Symmetrical architecture on [[jagati (temple)|jagati]] at [[Somanathapura]]
| image5 = ChennaKeshava_Temple,_Belur.JPG
| width5 = 155
| caption5 = [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakesava Temple]], [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]
| image6 = Halebid1.jpg | width6 = 150
| caption6 = Hoysala carving of [[Vishnu]] and his consort [[Lakshmi]] from a [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]]-[[Halebid]] temple
| image7 = Cheluv Narayanaswamy.JPG | width7 = 150
| caption7 = Cheluva-Narayana Swamy Temple, [[Melukote]]
| image8 = Isvara Temple at Arasikere in Hassan district.jpg | width8 = 150
| caption8 = Ishvara temple at [[Arasikere]] with an unusual 16-pointed stellate (star) ''[[mantapa]]'' (hall)
| image9 = Hoysaleshvara Temple at Halebidu.jpg | width9 = 150
| caption9 = Siva and Parvathi – [[Hoysaleswara Temple]]
| image10 = View of Akkana Basadi from northeastern side at Shravanabelagola.jpg
| caption10 = [[Akkana Basadi]]
| width10 = 150
| image11 = Balligavi Kedareshwara profile retouched.JPG
| caption11 = [[Kedareshvara Temple, Balligavi]]
| width11 =150
}}
The [[Hoysala architecture]] style is an offshoot of the [[Western Chalukya]] style, which was popular in the 10th and 11th centuries.<ref name="offshoot">Kamath (2001), p.134</ref><ref name=offshoot1>{{cite web|title=History of Karnataka-Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture in Hoysala Empire |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |author=Arthikaje |publisher=1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc |access-date=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907040452/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |archive-date=7 September 2006 |url-status=dead }}-James Fergusson and Henry Cousens opine that the Hoysala style has features in common with the Western Chalukya style</ref> It is distinctively Dravidian, and owing to its unique features, Hoysala architecture qualifies as an independent style.<ref name=independent>Hoysala architecture and sculpture have been called a phenomenal effort of human concentration, skill and religious consciousness ([[Percy Brown (scholar)|Percy Brown]] in Kamath 2001, p.134)</ref> The Hoysala sculpture in all its richness is said to be a challenge to photography.<ref name="light">{{cite web|title=Hoysala Heritage |url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2008/stories/20030425000206700.htm |author=Settar S |publisher=Frontline, From the publishers of the Hindu |work=Frontline |volume=20 |issue=8 |date=12–25 April 2003 |access-date=2009-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060701065442/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2008/stories/20030425000206700.htm |archive-date=1 July 2006 }}</ref> The artistry of the Hoysalas in stone has been compared to the finesse of an [[ivory]] worker or a [[goldsmith]]. The abundance of jewellery worn by the sculpted figures and the variety of hairstyles and headdresses depicted give a fair idea of the lifestyles of the Hoysala times.

Some of the famous temples of the Hoysala architectural style are the Kesava Temple at [[Somanathapura]], Chennakesava Temple at [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], Chikkamagalur Amruthapura Temple, Chennakesava Temple at [[Aralaguppe]], the Hoysaleswara Temple at [[Halebidu]], Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple at [[Melkote]].

=== Somanathapura ===
[[Somanathapura]] is famous for the [[Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura]] (also called Kesava or Keshava Temple) built by Soma, a dandanayaka (commander) in 1268 under Hoysala king Narasimha III, when the Hoysalas were the major power in South India. The Keshava Temple is one of the finest examples of Hoysala architecture and is in a very well preserved condition. Somnathpur, however, is truly unique in design, perfect in symmetry and the stone carvings are remarkable marvels in stone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://temples.south-india-tour-package.com/karnataka-temples/somnathpur-temple.html|title=Somnathpur temple|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224137/http://temples.south-india-tour-package.com/karnataka-temples/somnathpur-temple.html|archive-date=6 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Chennakesava Temple at Belur ===
The [[Chennakeshava Temple, Belur|Chennakesava Temple]] at [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], originally called Vijayanarayana Temple, built on the banks of the [[Yagachi River]] in Belur, an early capital of the Hoysala Empire, is one of the finest examples of Hoysala architecture. It was built by king Vishnuvardhana in commemoration of his victory over the Cholas at Talakad in 1117. The facade of the temple is filled with intricate sculptures and friezes with no portion left blank. Inside the temple are a number of ornate pillars.
The temple is about {{convert|30|m|ft}} in height and has an impressive entrance gopuram (tower), built in Dravidian style. A group of subsidiary shrines surround the main shrine in the centre of a rectangular navaranga (hall). The navaranga (hall) supported by forty-six pillars, each of a different design, has three entrances guarded by decorated doorkeepers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/deccan/hoysala/belur.htm|title=Hoysala Temples of Belur|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

=== Hoysaleswara Temple ===
The [[Hoysaleswara Temple]] at [[Halebidu]], was built by Ketamala and attributed to [[Vishnuvardhana]]. The temple complex comprises two Hindu temples, the Hoysaleshawara and Kedareshwara temples and two Jain [[basadi]]s. It enshrines Hoysaleswara and Shantaleswara, named after the temple builder Vishnuvardhana Hoysala and his wife, Queen Shantala.

The Hoysaleswara Temple, dating back to the 1121, is astounding for its wealth of sculptural details. The temple is a simple dvikuta vimana (two-shrined), one for "Hoysaleswara" and the other for "Shantaleswara" (after Shantala Devi, queen of king Vishnuvardhana) and is built with chloritic schist (also known as [[soapstone]]). The temple complex as a whole is elevated on a jagati (platform), a feature that became popular in contemporary Hoysala designs. The walls of the temple are covered with an endless variety of depictions from Hindu mythology, animals, birds and ''Shilabalikas'' or dancing figures. Yet no two sculptures of the temple are the same. This magnificent temple guarded by a [[Nandi Bull]] was never completed, despite 86 years of labour. The temple of Halebidu, has been described as an "outstanding example of Hindu architecture" and as the "supreme climax of Indian architecture".

=== Ishvara Temple ===
The Ishvara Temple in [[Arasikere]], dates to 1220 rule of [[Hoysala Empire]].<ref name="complex"/> Arasikere (''lit'' "Queens tank"; 'Arasi' means "queen" or "princess" and 'kere' means "tank" in the [[Kannada language]]). The temple, though modest in size and figure sculpture, is considered the most complex in architecture among surviving [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala monuments]] because of its ground plan: a 16-pointed star shaped [[mantapa]] (hall), in addition to an asymmetrical star shaped shrine, whose star points are of three different types.<ref name="complex">Foekema (1996), pp. 41–42</ref>

The temple, which faces east like all Hoysala constructions, uses [[soapstone]] as basic building material<ref name="material">Kamath (2001), p. 136</ref> and is an ''ekakuta'' shrine (single shrine or cella) with two ''mantapas'', one open and one closed.<ref name="mantapa">Foekema (1966), p. 42</ref> All three units are connected to form a unity.<ref name="unity">Foekema (1996), p. 21</ref> The elegantly decorated ceilings, the domical ceiling of the open ''mantapa'', the sculptures of [[Dvarapala|Dwarapalaka]]s (door keepers) in the closed ''mantapa'' (also called ''navaranga''), the wall panel images numbering 120 (on [[pilaster]]s between [[aedicule]]s–miniature towers) carved on the outer walls are noteworthy.

=== Melkote Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple ===
The '''Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple''', located in [[Melkote]] built on rocky hills is a square building of large dimensions but very plain, dedicated to Lord ''Cheluva-Narayana Swamy'' or [[Tirunarayana]]. Mysore Archaeological Department states, on the strength of [[epigraphy|epigraphic]] evidence, that the presiding deity of this temple was already a well known idol of worship before Sri [[Ramanujacharya]], the [[Srivaishnava]] saint worshipped at the shrine in December 1098 and even before he came to the Mysore region and that very probably he used his influence to rebuild or renovate the temple. The temple is richly endowed, having been under the special patronage of the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] [[Wodeyar]]s, and has a most valuable collection of jewels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/states/history/historyofkarnataka35.htm|title=History of Karnataka|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sanskritacademy.org/Melkote.htm|title=Academy of Sanskrit Research|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-date=10 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010055713/http://www.sanskritacademy.org/Melkote.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Lakshminarasimha Swamy Temple ===
The Lakshminarasimha Swamy Temple is a good example of a richly decorated Hoysala temple built in the trikuta (three towers) vimana (prayer hall) style with fine sculptures adorning the walls.<ref name="kuta">Most Hoysala temples are either ekakuta (one tower), dvikuta (two towers) or trikuta (three towers), ''A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples'', Gerard Foekema, p. 25</ref> The material used is Chloritic Schist (Soapstone) and the temple is built on a ''[[jagati (temple)|jagati]]'' (platform) that closely follows the plan of the temple. This is a Hoysala innovation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |title=History of Karnataka-Religion, Literature, Art and Architecture in Hoysala Empire |author=Arthikaje, Mangalore |publisher=1998-00 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc |access-date=2009-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104095148/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |archive-date=4 November 2006 }}</ref> The Jagati is in perfect unity with the rest of the temple and the temple is built on a jagati (platform) that closely follows the plan of the temple. The size of the original temple can be considered small, to which a larger open mantapa (hall) was later added. The three shrines are located around a central closed mantapa with 9 bays.<ref name="bay">A bay is a square or rectangular compartment in the hall, Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples pp.52, 93</ref> The ceiling of the closed ''mantapa'' is supported by four lathe turned pillars and is deeply domed in the centre. The ceiling of the closed mantapa is supported by four lathe turned pillars and is deeply domed in the centre.<ref name="lathe">This is a common feature of Western Chalukya-Hoysala temples, A Concise History of Karnataka, pp 117, Dr. S.U. Kamath</ref> The central shrine is the most prominent and has a large tower. This shrine has a vestibule that connects the shrine to the mandapa. Consequently, the vestibule also has a tower that looks like an extension of the main tower and is called the sukanasi or nose.<ref name="suka">It is on the ''sukanasi'' that the Hoysala emblem is placed, Gerard Foekema, ''A Complete Guide to Hoysala'' Temples p.22</ref> The other two shrines have smaller towers and because they have no vestibule to connect them to the central mantapa, they have no sukanasi.

==Vijayanagara architecture==
{{multiple image
| header = Vijayanagara architecture<hr />{{nobold|[[Hampi]] [[UNESCO]] Monument of [[Vijayanagara architecture]] fusion of [[Chalukya]], [[Hoysala]], [[Pandya]] and [[Chola]] styles}}
| perrow = 1/2/2
| caption_align = center
| image1 = View of dilapidated main mantapa at the Vitthala templein Hampi.jpg | width1 = 250
| caption1 = Vitthala temple with musical pillars, Hoysala style multigonal base, Hampi
| image2 = Chandikesvara Temple in Hampi.jpg | width2 = 120
| image3 = View of Hazare Rama Temple from outside the prakara.jpg | width3 = 130
| caption2 = Pillars with Hippogryphs at Hampi
| caption3 = Temple wall, Hoysala style carvings at Hampi
| image4 = Prasanna Virupaksha temple at Hampi.jpg | width4 = 132
| image5 = Karnataka Hampi IMG 0730.jpg | width5 = 118
| caption4 = Unearthed Underground Vishnu temple
| caption5 = Vijayanagar Raja Gopura at Hampi
}}
[[File:1000-Pillar-Temple-Moodbidri-Left-Side-View.JPG|thumb|[[Saavira Kambada Basadi]] ]]
{{Further|Kishkindha| Krishnadevaraya}}

[[Vijayanagara architecture]] is a vibrant combination of the [[Chalukya]], [[Hoysala]], [[Pandya]] and [[Chola]] styles, idioms that prospered in previous centuries.<ref name="blossom">Art critic, Percy Brown calls Vijayanagar architecture a blossoming of [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]] style (Kamath 2001, p.182)</ref><ref name="blossom1">Arthikaje, ''Literary Activity''</ref>

Ruins of [[Hampi]] – [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] Virupaksha Temple, Krishna Temple, Vittala Temple, Ugra Narasimha and Kodandarama Temple are some of the famous monuments of the Vijayanagar style.<ref name="hampi">{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_hampi.asp|title=Group of monuments at Hampi (1986), Karnataka|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

Its legacy of sculpture, architecture and painting influenced the development of the arts long after the empire came to an end. Its stylistic hallmark is the ornate pillared Kalyanamantapa (marriage hall), Vasanthamantapa (open pillared halls) and the Rajagopura (tower). While the empire's monuments are spread over the whole of Southern India, nothing surpasses the vast open-air theatre of monuments at its capital at Vijayanagara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref name="Stones">"So intimate are the rocks and the monuments they were used for make, it was sometimes impossible to say where nature ended and art began" (Art critic Percy Brown, quoted in ''Hampi, A Travel Guide'', p.64)</ref>

In the 14th century the kings continued to build Vesara or [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] style monuments but later incorporated dravida-style gopurams to meet their ritualistic needs. The Prasanna Virupaksha Temple (underground temple) of [[Bukka Raya I]] and the Hazare Rama Temple of [[Deva Raya I]] are examples of Deccan architecture.<ref name="deccan">Fritz & Michell, p.9</ref> The varied and intricate ornamentation of the pillars is a mark of their work.<ref name="serene">About the sculptures in Vijayanagara style, see Kamath (2001), p.184</ref> At Hampi, though the Vitthala Temple is the best example of their pillared Kalyanamantapa style, the Hazara Ramaswamy Temple is a modest but perfectly finished example.<ref name="Drama">"Drama in stone" wrote art critic Percy Brown, much of the beauty of Vijayanagara architecture came from their pillars and piers and the styles of sculpting (''Hampi, A Travel Guide'', p.77)</ref> A grand specimen of Vijayanagara art, the Vitthala Temple, took several decades to complete during the reign of the Tuluva kings.<ref name="grand">Several monuments are categorised as Tuluva art (Fritz & Michell 2001, p.9)</ref>

Another element of the Vijayanagara style is the carving of large monoliths such as the Sasivekalu ([[mustard seed|mustard]]) Ganesha and Kadalekalu ([[Peanut|Ground nut]]) Ganesha at Hampi, the Gomateshwara statues in [[Karkala]] and [[Venur]], and the Nandi bull in [[Lepakshi]]. The Vijayanagara Temples of [[Bhatkal]], [[Kanakagiri]], [[Sringeri]] and other towns of coastal Karnataka, as well as Tadpatri, Lepakshi, [[Ahobilam]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]] and [[Srikalahasti]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Vellore]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Kanchi]] and [[Srirangam]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] are examples of this style. Vijayanagara art includes wall-paintings such as [[Dashavathara]] (ten incarnations of Vishnu) and [[Girija Kalyana]] (marriage of Goddess [[Parvati]]) in the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi, the Shivapurana paintings (tales of Shiva) at the Virabhadra Temple at [[Lepakshi]], and those at the Jain basadi (temple) and the Kamaskshi and Varadaraja Temple at [[Kanchi]].<ref name="paint">Some of these paintings may have been redone in later centuries (Rajashekhar in Kamath 2001, p.184)</ref> This mingling of the South Indian styles resulted in a richness not seen in earlier centuries, a focus on reliefs in addition to sculpture that surpasses that previously in India.<ref name="compliments">Historians and art critics K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A. L. Basham, James Fergusson and S. K. Saraswathi have commented about Vijayanagara architecture (Arthikaje ''Literary Activity'')</ref>

An aspect of Vijayanagara architecture that shows the cosmopolitanism of the great city is the presence of many secular structures bearing [[Islamic]] features. The concentration of structures like pavilions, stables and towers suggests they were for use by royalty.<ref name="deccanstyle">Fritz & Michell (2001), p.10</ref> This harmonious exchange of architectural ideas must have happened during rare periods of peace between the [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] kingdoms.<ref name="harmony">Philon (2001), p.87</ref> The "Great Platform" (Mahanavami dibba) has relief carvings in which the figures seem to have the facial features of central Asian [[Turkey|Turks]] who were known to have been employed as royal attendants.<ref name="Turk">Dallapiccola (2001), p.69</ref>

Archaeological Survey of India's recent excavations in Hampi have revealed a large number of palatial complexes and basements of several platforms including a large number of stone images, beautiful [[terracotta]] objects and stucco figures. Ceramics and variety of porcelain and inscribed Buddhist sculptures of 2nd–3rd century have also been unearthed.<ref name="hampi"/>

The structures at Hampi would have had significant colouring unlike the sandstone tint these structures have today.

[[Saavira Kambada Basadi]], built in the Vijayanagara style, is considered an architectural wonder.{{sfn|Paul|2019|p=18}} The temple is full of elaborate sculptures and decoration. The doorway of the temple has intricate carvings and is enclosed with ornate walls..{{sfn|Sewell|1882|p=235}}{{sfn|Fergusson|1876|pp=271-272}} The 1000 pillars with exquisite detail, support the temple and no two pillar are alike.{{sfn|Rao|2020}} Saavira Kambada Basadi along with [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Kamal Basadi]] and [[Brahma Jinalaya]] are considerest the most important Jain centers in Karnataka.{{sfn|Butalia|Small|2004|p=367}}{{sfn|Panikar|2010|p=408}}

==Indo-Islamic architecture==
{{multiple image
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 300
| header = [[Islamic architecture]], [[Karnataka]]
| image1 = GolGumbaz2.jpg
| caption1 = [[Gol Gumbaz]] [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] [[North Karnataka]]
| image2 = Bijapur Ibrahim Rauza mosque.jpg
| caption2 = [[Mosque]] (17th century) in the [[mausoleum]] complex [[Ibrahim Rauza]] at [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]]
| image3 = Barid Shahi 05.jpg
| caption3 = One of the Barid Shahi tombs at [[Bidar]]
| image4 = Complete view of Mahumad Gawan.JPG
| caption4 = [[Mahmud Gawan Madrasa]] at [[Bidar]], built during the 15th century by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]]{{sfn|Yazdani, 1995 |pp=91-93}}
}}

The [[Bahmani Sultanate]] ruled from its capital, [[Bidar]] from the 14th century.

=== Bahmani Sultanate ===
The [[Bahmani Sultanate]] built the [[Bidar Fort]], and [[Mahmud Gawan Madrasa]].

=== Deccan Sultanates ===

==== Bidar Sultanate ====
The [[Bidar Sultanate]] ruled from the former Bahmani capital of Bidar, where they made significant additions to several Bahmani buildings. The [[Barid Shahi tombs]] were built by the Bidar Sultanate.

==== Bijapur Sultanate ====
[[Gol Gumbaz]] (Kannada: ಗೋಲ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ), of Indo Islamic architectural style, is the mausoleum of [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Mohammed Adil Shah]] (1626 – 1656).<ref name="Gol">{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_karnataka_golgumbaz.asp|title=Gol Gumbaz|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref> at [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] of the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]] of [[Indian subcontinent|Indian]] [[sultans]], who ruled the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]] from 1490 to 1686. The tomb, located in the city of Bijapur was built in 1659 by the famous architect, Yaqut of Dabul. The construction of this building was completed and the deceased king was interred in this building in 1656 and contains the sepulcher containing the tombs of Muhammad Adil Shah and his wives and daughters.<ref name="Gol" /> The structure, built of grey basalt and decorated plaster,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=7616 |title=Gol Gumbaz: Mausoleum of Muhammad 'Adil Shah |access-date=2009-09-27 |publisher=ArchNet digital library |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024024541/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=7616 |archive-date=24 October 2010 }}</ref> consists of a massive square chamber measuring nearly {{convert|50|m|ft}} on each side and covered by a huge dome {{convert|37.9|m|ft}} with thickness varying from {{convert|3.05|m|ft}} near the base to {{convert|2.74|m|ft}} near the top, and has a floor area of {{convert|1703.56|m2|ft2}}.<ref name="Gol" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=7616 |title=Gol Gumbaz: Mausoleum of Muhammad 'Adil Shah |access-date=2009-09-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024024541/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=7616 |archive-date=24 October 2010 }}</ref>

The acoustics of the enclosed place make it a whispering gallery where even the smallest sound is heard across the other side of the Gumbaz. Each tower consists of seven storeys, and the upper floor of each opens on to a round gallery which surrounds the dome. In the centre of the chamber is a square raised podium approached by steps in the centre of each side.<ref name="Gol" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/bijapur/gol_gunbat0_e.htm#s|title=Gol Gumbaz/ Bijapur|access-date=2009-09-27|publisher=The Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, Tokyo| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091018140143/http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/bijapur/gol_gunbat0_e.htm| archive-date= 18 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>

==Keladi Nayaka art of the Nayaka kingdoms==
{{Further|Shivamogga district}}
[[File:Profile of Aghoreshwara Temple in Ikkeri.jpg|thumb|left|Aghoreshwara Temple, [[Hoysala]]-[[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]] style]]
[[File:Rameshwara Temple in Keladi.jpg|thumb|right|Rameshwara Temple, Hoysala-Dravida style]]

=== Rameshwara Temple at Keladi ===
The [[Keladi Nayaka]]s (period: 1499–1763) built some fine temples in [[Ikkeri]] and [[Keladi]] using a combination of late Kadamba, Hoysala, Vijayanagara and Dravida styles. The use of [[granite]] for their construction shows that they simply followed the Vijayanagar model of architecture. The Aghoreshwara Temple at Ikkeri and the Rameshwara Temple at Keladi are the best examples of the Nayakas' art. Vijayanagar-style pillars with hippogryphs are common; called yali columns (depiction of horses and lions as seen in Hampi) is found here. These are pillars with lions, either with their forepaws raised or simply in a sitting position, and pillars with a mythical horse-like animal with front legs raised, balancing on its rear legs, and with an armed rider on its back. A roof sculpture depicting a [[Gandaberunda]], the mythical two-headed bird of Karnataka, symbol of the state, is found in Keladi.

=== Aghoreshwara Temple ===
At [[Ikkeri]], in the citadel, a palace was built with mud and timber, adorned with carvings. Today what remains is the Aghoreshvara Temple (one of the several names of Lord Shiva), in Ikkeri (was the capital of Keladi Nayakas). It is a large and well-proportioned stone-building, constructed in a mixed style with a unique conception. There are carvings and sculptures such as Temple Relief (sculpture consisting of shapes carved on a surface so as to stand out from the surrounding background), erotica, figurines, old Kannada Manuscript, sculpted elephant, etc. There are intricate carvings on the stone walls of the temple.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://random001.blogspot.com/2008/03/ikkeri-sagara-part-2-of-some.html|title=Ikkeri –sagara (part 2 of some)|date=4 March 2008 |access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

[[Yali (Hindu mythology)|Yali]]s sculpted on the pillars of the Aghoreswara and Rameshwara temples depict mythical lion and it has been widely used in south Indian sculpture. Description and references to yalis is very old, but its depiction in the south Indian sculpture became prominent from the 16th century as seen in the Nayaka period temples. Yalis are believed to be more powerful than the lion or the elephant.

The Rameshwara Temple at Keladi was built in the Hoysala-Dravida style. This temple is made of stone and is on the banks of the [[Tunga River]]. The sanctum sanctorum of the temple has a Lingam, which is said to have been installed by Sage [[Parashurama]] himself.

==Architecture of temples of Mysore==
{{multiple image
| header = Architecture of [[Kingdom of Mysore]] {{nobold|Blends of [[Hindu temple architecture|Hindu]], [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] [[Rajput]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] styles of architecture}}
| perrow = 1/2/3
| caption_align = center
| image1 = | width1 = 300
| caption1 = [[Mysore Palace]], exterior [[Indo-Saracenic]] style, interior [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]]
| image2 = Jagan mohan palace2.jpg | width2 = 150
| caption2 = [[Jaganmohan Palace]], Hindu style
| image3 = Lalitha Mahal Palace 2007.jpg | width3 = 150
| caption3 = [[Lalitha Mahal]] palace, concepts from English [[manor house]]s and Italian [[palazzo]]s
| image4 = Philomena_Church_Mysore.JPG | width4 = 95
| caption4 = [[St. Philomena's Church, Mysore|St. Philomena's Church]], [[Neo-Gothic]] [[Cathedral architecture]]
| image5 = Gumbaz.jpg | width5 = 115
| caption5 = [[Tipu Sultan]]'s tomb, Islamic architecture
| image6 = Chamundeshwari Temple Mysore 2.jpg| width6 = 90
| caption6 = [[Chamundeshwari Temple]], [[Hoysala]] and [[Vijayanagara]] styles
}}
The [[Kingdom of Mysore]] was subordinate to Vijayanagara Empire until 1565 and princely state under the paramountcy of the [[British Raj]] after 1799. The architectural designs were in the [[Indo-Saracenic]] – blends of [[Hindu]], [[Muslim]]or [[Islamic]], [[Rajput]], and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] styles of architecture under the [[Wodeyar]] Dynasty or [[Kingdom of Mysore]] from 1399 to 1947.

[[Indo-Saracenic]] type is most notably manifested in palaces and courtly buildings built in various styles, and temples built in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]] style. It is the city of [[Mysore]] that is best known for its royal palaces, earning it the nickname "City of Palaces". The city's main palace, the [[Mysore Palace]], was designed by the English architect Henry Irwin in 1897. The palace's exterior is Indo-Saracenic in style but the wealth of detail inside is distinctly of [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]].<ref name=Raman>{{Cite book|last=Raman|first=Afried|title=Bangalore – Mysore|work=Mysore Palace|pages=78–87|access-date=2009-09-27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C&dq=Mysore+770&pg=PA110|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1994|isbn=978-0-86311-431-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524130549/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C&pg=PA110&dq=Mysore+770&as_brr=3&sig=67NNbsZctrs2F4gKoFlUphWdkYM#v=onepage&q=Mysore%20770&f=false|archive-date=24 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Domes, arches, colonnades and carved pillars, as well as its size, add to this palace's notability. The octagonal ''Kalyana mantapa'' (Marriage Hall) on the ground floor has 26 canvas paintings on its walls depicting the [[Mysore Dasara|Dassera]] procession.<ref name="amba">Bradnock (2000), p. 315</ref> On the first floor, a marble staircase leads to a grand colonnaded [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]] hall containing famous paintings, including one of the Hindu god Vishnu on the ceiling. The opulent Amba Vilas hall, with its carved teakwood ceiling, white [[marble]] floors, semi-precious inlay work in the Agra style, [[silver]] door with a depiction of the [[dashavatara]] and ''dikpalas'' (guardians), teak doors inlaid with ivory, Belgian stained glass, cast iron pillars from [[Glasgow]], etched glass windows and [[chandelier]]s are worthy of mention.<ref name="amba"/><ref name="Raman p.82">Raman p. 82</ref>

The other palaces in Mysore are:

The [[Lalitha Mahal]] Palace, built in 1921 by E.W. Fritchley in the architectural style [[Renaissance]], exhibits concepts from English [[manor house]]s and Italian palazzos, with the central dome believed to have been modelled on [[St. Paul's Cathedral]] in London.<ref name="Raman p.87-88">Raman pp. 87–88</ref>

The [[Jaganmohan Palace]], mostly in the Hindu style built in the middle of the 19th century noted for its ornamental pavilion (called the Wedding Pavilion), and has an elegant façade with three large entrances;<ref name="Raman p.87">Raman p.87</ref><ref name="gable">{{cite web|title=Mysore, City of Palaces|url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/Articles/starofmysore/palaces.htm|publisher=1998-00 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc|work=Jagan Mohan Palace|access-date=2007-09-27| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092307/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/Articles/starofmysore/palaces.htm| archive-date= 29 September 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> the [[Jayalakshmi Vilas]] Palace built in the Corinthian style consisting of a three-winged building with two [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] and [[Ionic order|Ionic]] columns;<ref name="ion">{{cite web|title=Of monumental value|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/apr192005/spectrum1137332005417.asp|author=Priyanka Haldipur|work=Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion|access-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015203629/http://deccanherald.com/archives/apr192005/spectrum1137332005417.asp|archive-date=15 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> the sculptures of the Hindu goddess [[Lakshmi]] on the north side and of the goddess Bhuvaneshwari on the south side are particularly notable.<ref name="gable"/>

The Karanji Vilas mansion (1932), an Indo-Greek style building; the Cheluvamba Mansion (1910) – an imposing yet balanced structure, its main façade contains twin towers flanking semi-circular columned [[veranda]]s on the ground and first floors.<ref name="gable"/>

The Maharaja's summer palace (1880), is called the Lokaranjan Mahal that initially served as a school for royalty.

The [[Rajendra Vilas]] Palace (1938) is built in the Indo-British style atop the [[Chamundi Hill]].<ref name="Raman"/>

Other royal mansions built by the Mysore rulers were the Chittaranjan Mahal in Mysore and the [[Bangalore Palace]] in [[Bangalore]], a structure built on the lines of England's [[Windsor Castle]].<ref name="wind">Bradnock (2000), p. 294</ref>

Surrounding the main palace in Mysore and inside the fort are five temples, built in various periods namely, the Prasanna Krishnaswamy Temple (1829), the Lakshmiramana Swamy Temple, the oldest of the fort temples (existed prior to 1499); the Trinesvara Swamy Temple, built for the three-eyed god [[Shiva]], existed since the time of King Raja Wodeyar and was renovated by successive kings; the Shweta Varaha Swamy Temple is unique in that it contains many aspects of [[Hoysala architecture]]; and the Prasanna Venkataramana Swami Temple, a Vishnu temple containing 12 murals of the Wodeyar rulers, built by Subbaraya Dasa, an officer of Maharaja [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar III]], in 1836.<ref name="Raman p.83">Raman p. 83</ref>

=== Chamundeshwari Temple ===
[[Chamundeshwari Temple]], famous among the kingdom's temples, is located atop the [[Chamundi Hills]] about {{convert|13|km|mi}} from the palace city of Mysore, over a climb of 1000 steps. The original shrine is said to have been built in the 12th century by Hoysala rulers while its tower was probably built by the Vijayanagar rulers and Wodeyars of Mysore. The temple has a seven-story-tall ''[[gopuram]]'' or ''tower'' built in 1827 decorated with intricate carvings. The idol of the Chamundeshwari or [[Durga]], the fierce form of [[Shakti|Shakthi]], is called the Goddess of Mysore as it was the tutelary deity of the [[Mysore]] [[Maharajas]]. It is said to be made of solid [[gold]] and the temple gates are made of silver. There is a huge granite [[Nandi (bull)]] on the 800th step on the hill in front of a small Shiva temple, a short distance away. This Nandi is over {{convert|4.63|m|ft}} high, and {{convert|7.41|m|ft}} long and around its neck are exquisite bells.<ref name="Raman p.85-86">Raman pp. 85–86</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.durga-puja.org/chamundeswari-temple.html|title=Chamundeswari Temple of Chamundi Hill, Mysore|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.templenet.com/Karnataka/chamundi.html|title= Chamundeswari HIll Temple – Mysore|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

=== Neo-Gothic cathedral architecture or church architecture ===
The [[Shettihalli Rosary Church]] near [[Shettihalli]], an example of French colonial [[Gothic architecture]], built in 1860, is a rare example of a Christian ruin.

[[St. Philomena's Church, Mysore|St. Philomena's Church]] was built between 1933 and 1956 in honour of [[St. Philomena]] in the city of [[Mysore]], India. It was constructed using a Neo-Gothic style and its architecture designed by a [[Frenchman]] by name Daly was inspired by the [[Cologne Cathedral]] in Germany. A history of St. Philomena's church is provided by Saint Philomena, a [[saint]] and [[martyr]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], is said to have been a young [[Byzantine Greece|Greek]] princess martyred in the 4th century. A relic of the saint from Peter Pisani, [[Apostolic Delegate]] of the [[East Indies]] was handed over to Father Cochet who approached the Mysore king to assist him in constructing a church in honour of [[St. Philomena]].<ref name="heri">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020203/spectrum/heritage.htm|title= A hymn in stone Speaks of a secular vision|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref> The [[Maharaja of Mysore]] laid the foundation stone of the church on 28 October 1933. In his speech on the day of the inauguration, the Maharaja is quoted to have said: "The new church will be strongly and securely built upon a double foundation – divine compassion and the eager gratitude of men."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philomena.us/main.asp|title=Saint Philomena's Church Mysore, India (Note: After opening the page associated with this link, click on the link Cathedral of Saint Philomena at the bottom of that page to see the description of the church)|work=Online webpage of Santuario Santa Filomena|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009185619/http://www.philomena.us/main.asp|archive-date=9 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="heri"/> The construction of the church was completed under Bishop Rene Fuga's supervision. The relic of Saint Philomena is preserved in a [[catacomb]] below the main [[altar]].<ref name="Raman pp.78-79">Raman pp. 78–79</ref>

The [[floor plan]] of the cathedral resembles a cross. The long part of the [[Cross]] is the congregation hall called the ''[[nave]]''. The two arms of the cross are the ''[[transept]]s''. The part containing the altar and the choir is the ''[[crossing (architecture)|crossing]]''. The cathedral has a crypt that houses a statue of St. Philomena. The Church has a length of about {{convert|50|m|ft}} and has twin spires that are {{convert|50|m|ft}} in height and they resemble the spires of the [[Cologne Cathedral]] and also the spires of the [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|St. Patrick's Church]] in [[New York City]].<ref name="Raman pp.78-79" />

=== Muslim Architecture – Tipu Sultan's rule ===
The Masjid-e-Ala or Jama Masjid was built by [[Tipu Sultan]] in 1784 and has [[minaret]]s mounted on a tall platform. It has two storeys and is octagonal in shape with pigeonholes surmounted by domes. The walls and ceilings are decorated with [[Persian art|Persian]] [[scripture]]s in fine [[calligraphy]].<ref name="chamundi">{{cite web|url=http://www.mysore.org.uk/excursions/srirangapatna/masjid-e-ala.html|title=Mysore, City of Palaces|publisher=Mysore.org.uk |work=Masjid-e-Ala Srirangapatna|access-date=2007-09-27| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071010235035/http://www.mysore.org.uk/excursions/srirangapatna/masjid-e-ala.html| archive-date= 10 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Indo-Saracenic architecture ===
Tipu Sultan built the Dariya Daulat Palace in the Dariya Daulat Bhag (literally the "garden of the wealth of the sea") in 1784. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, the palace is known for its intricate woodwork and paintings. The west wall of the palace is covered with murals depicting Tipu Sultan's victory over Colonel Baillie's army at the [[Battle of Pollilur|Pollilur]], near [[Kanchipuram]] in 1780.<ref name="Raman p.105-106">Raman pp.105–106</ref>

==Sikh architecture==
[[File:Gurudwara in Bangalore..jpg|thumb|250px|[[Gurudwara]] on the bank of [[Ulsoor lake]] in [[Bangalore]]]]{{Main articles|Sikh architecture}}
The earliest [[Sikh]] [[Gurudwara]] in Karnataka is the [[Guru Nanak Jhira Sahib]] at [[Bidar]]. It was built in traditional [[Sikh architecture]] style, at a sacred place located at Bidar in [[Bidar District]]. It is also called Nanak Jhira, where Jhira means a spring of water exists. Legend says that [[Guru Nanak]] halted here on his way to [[Sri Lanka]] in 1512. During that period, people of Bidar were suffering from shortage of drinking water. A fountain of cool water rose out from a hill by the spiritual power of Guru Nanak. A committee took up development work of Gurudwara Nanak Jhira Sahib with the central three-storey building completed in 1966, which encases the historic Nanak Jhira spring divined by Gurunanak. The water of the fountain is collected in 'Amrit-Khud' (a tank of potion), built in white marble.<ref name=marbleindian>{{cite web|url=http://marbleindian.wordpress.com/2014/08/01/monuments-made-up-of-white-marble-from-india/|title=White Marble Monuments of India|date=August 2014 |access-date=2014-08-01}}</ref> There is a Sikh museum, built in the memory of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], depicting the important events of [[Sikh]] [[history]] through pictures and paintings. There is a Sikh museum, built in the memory of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]], depicting the important events of [[Sikh]] history through pictures and paintings.<ref name="marbleindian"/> Built in the Sikh architecture style, the Gurdwara is a lively blend of the [[Mughal architecture|Mughal]] and [[Rajput]] styles. Onion-shaped domes, multi-foil arches, paired pilasters, in-lay work, frescoes, etc. are of Mughal extraction, more specially of [[Shah Jahan]]'s period, while oriel windows, bracket supported eaves at the string-course, chattris, richly ornamented friezes, etc., are derived from elements of Rajput architecture such as is seen in [[Jaipur]], [[Jodhpur]], [[Bikaner]] and other places in [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="marbleindian"/>

Apart from the above ancient Gurudwara at Bidar, [[Bangalore]] city also has Gurudwaras dated to the 20th century. [[Guru Nanak]], the Sikh Guru, was the first Sikh to visit [[Bengaluru]]. On his way back from [[Sri Lanka]] he halted at Bangalore. Kempegowda, the builder of Bangalore, met him and sought his blessings. Gurunanak not only blessed Kempegowda but also told him to develop the place.<ref name=De>{{cite book|last=De|first=Aditi|title=Multiple City:Writings on Bangalore|work=The Cities Within – New Shoes and Old Roots: The Cultural Backdrop of Bangalore, Part III, Article 9 by Chiranjeevi Singh|pages= 49–59|publisher= Penguin Books India, New Delhi|year=2008}}</ref> But it took many more years for a Sikh Gurudwara to be built in Bangalore. There are now three Gurudwaras in Bangalore. The first Sikh Gurudwara and the largest in Bangalore near the [[Ulsoor Lake]] on the Kensington Road, is an elegant and white structure, which was opened on 13 April 1946. It has been renovated recently with marble floors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discoverbangalore.com/worship2.htm|title=Hindu Places of Worship|access-date=2009-09-27}}</ref>

==Buddhist culture & architecture==
[[File:A View of Buddha Vihar at Bangalore.JPG|thumb|250px|A view of [[Buddha]] [[Vihara]] in [[Bangalore]]]]
While under the [[Mauryas]] and [[Satavahana]]s Buddhism prospered in [[Karnataka]], the influence of [[Hinduism]] expanded as it subsumed most of the teachings of [[Buddha]] and [[Buddhism]] and thus Buddhism lost its distinct uniqueness in the state. However, in the 20th century, [[Buddha]] [[vihara]]s have been established in the State with Bangalore recording two such viharas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaprofile.com/religion-culture/buddhisminkarnataka.htm|title=The Buddhist Legacy – Buddhism in Karnataka|access-date=2009-09-27|publisher=India Profile}}</ref>

The Maha Bodhi Society (MBS) was established by Acharya Buddharakkhita in 1956 at Bangalore with the objective of propagating the teachings of the [[Buddha]] and to provide the inspiration and facilities for putting that teaching into practice through spiritual, social, educational activities. The first act of the Acharya was to plant a sampling of the holy [[Bodhi tree]] from Bodh Gaya at the premises of the proposed Society. This tree has grown with the Society and is venerated. The Maha Bodhi Society Temple, a relatively new structure, was then built with the main shrine replicating the historic tower at [[Bodh Gaya]]. Temple as built is a [[brick]] structure with a central tower of {{convert|55|m|ft|abbr=on|1}} height. The [[Stupa]] that represents a basic factor in the teaching of the Buddha has also been built at the entrance to the temple, which is made of granite and it enshrines a relic of the Buddha. The temple, the stupa and the Bodhi tree in the temple complex now form a unique landmark in Bangalore. It is a place of worship and meditation, a centre of pilgrimage for people from all over India and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahabodhi.info/mbsfounder.html |title=Maha Bodhi Society |work=founder |access-date=2010-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206104259/http://www.mahabodhi.info/mbsfounder.html |archive-date=6 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mahabodhi.info/index.html |title= Maha Bodhi Society Bangalore|work=Home|access-date=2010-04-22|publisher= Mahabodhi Website|date=April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100523075244/http://mahabodhi.info/index.html| archive-date= 23 May 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mustseeindia.com/Bangalore-Maha-Bodhi-Society-Temple/attraction/10522|title=Maha Bodhi Society Temple|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907052445/http://www.mustseeindia.com/Bangalore-Maha-Bodhi-Society-Temple/attraction/10522|archive-date=7 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahabodhi.info/mbshistory.html |title=Maha Bodhi Society |work=history |access-date=2010-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223091755/http://www.mahabodhi.info/mbshistory.html |archive-date=23 February 2010 }}</ref>
{{multiple image
| header = [[Tibetan Culture]] & [[Tibetan architecture]] in [[Karnataka]]
| image1 = GoldenTemple1.JPG
| width1 = 200
| image2 = GoldenTemple2.JPG
| width2 = 200
| caption1 = Outside view of [[Buddhist]] Golden Temple
| caption2 = Inside the Golden Temple
}}

=== Tibetan Buddhist culture & architecture ===
Apart from the Indian Buddhist traditions in the form of Viharas seen in various parts of the country, Tibetan Buddhist monasteries have also made a lasting impact in Karnataka with the influx of refugees from [[Tibet]] who were settled in [[Bylakuppe]]. One of the famous monasteries is the [[Namdroling monastery]], built as per traditional [[Tibetan Culture|Tibetan architecture]], which is located in Bylakuppe near [[Kushalnagar]] in [[Kodagu]] in Karnataka. This spectacular Tibetan Golden Temple is a major tourist spot in the area. It is termed the 'Charming mini [[Tibet]] near [[Madikeri]]’. Tibetan refugees have both recreated their lifestyle as well as adapted to the local conditions around the monasteries. Huge golden statues, bright coloured wall paintings all around, gigantic dragons on the pillars in a high and big hall are a sight to behold.<ref name=Tibet>{{cite web|url=http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=10890&t=1&c=1|title=Charming mini Tibet near Madikeri|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-date=9 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110509160537/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=10890&t=1&c=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A lineage of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] in the world, the monastery is home to a [[Sangha (Buddhism)|sangha]] community of over five thousand [[lama]]s (both monks and nuns), a religious college (or shedra) and hospital. The [[monastery]] was established by Penor Rinpoche (construction started in 1963 and inaugurated in 1999).<ref name=Tibet/><ref name="Tibet art">{{cite web|url=http://www.namdroling.org/|title=Namdroling Monastery|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124055545/http://www.namdroling.org/|archive-date=24 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Built in typical [[Tibetan architecture]] style with [[Chinese art|Chinese]] and Indian influences, the monastery reflects a deeply [[Buddhist]] approach. It has the Buddhist mandatory [[Prayer wheel]], along with two deer or dragons, same as can be seen on nearly every [[Gompa]] in [[Tibet]]. [[Tibetan art]], a form of sacred art, in the form of the exquisitely detailed statues to wooden carvings to the intricate designs of the [[Thangka]] paintings (a syncretism of Chinese scroll-painting with [[Nepal]]ese and [[Kashmir]]i painting) are seen in this monastery.<ref name=Tibet/>

==Neo Dravidian architecture==
{{multiple image
| header = Neo Dravidian architecture, Karnataka
| image1 = Vidhana Soudha DS.jpg
| width1 = 245
| caption1 = The [[Vidhana Soudha]] is the seat of [[Karnataka]]'s [[Legislative assembly]]
| image2 = Murudeshwar temple statue.JPG
| width2 = 155
| caption2 = [[Gopura]] of [[Murudeshwara|Murudeshwara Temple]] and statue of Lord [[Shiva]]
}}
In the post independence period (1947 to present) several architectural monuments, in a blend of modern and Dravidian architecture have been built in Karnataka; two structures are the [[Vidhana Soudha]] and [[Murudeshwara|Murudeshwara Temple]].

=== Vidhana Soudha ===
{{Further|Vidhana Soudha}}
Vidhana Soudha is an imposing building, constructed in a style sometimes described as 'Neo-Dravidian', and incorporates elements of Indo-Saracenic, [[Architecture of Rajasthan|Rajasthani]] [[Jharokha]] and Dravidian styles. It was completed in 1956. [[Kengal Hanumanthaiah]], the then Chief Minister of Karnataka, took a lot of interest and effort in building this marvellous granite building. It is also called as [[Taj Mahal]] of [[South India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/vds.htm|title=Vidhana Soudha|access-date=2010-01-28|publisher=National Informatcs Centre|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618055631/http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/vds.htm|archive-date=18 June 2009}}</ref>

=== Murudeshwara Temple ===
{{Further|Murudeshwara}}
The Murudeshwara Temple, built on the Kanduka hill, is surrounded on three sides by the waters of the [[Arabian Sea]]. It is a temple dedicated to the Lord Shiva with a 20-storied Gopura {{convert|76.85|m|ft}}, considered as the tallest temple of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/hotelsandtours/PlacesofInterest/2004/02murudesh.asp|title=World's tallest Siva idol|access-date=2009-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523065857/http://archives.chennaionline.com/hotelsandtours/PlacesofInterest/2004/02murudesh.asp|archive-date=23 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Two life-size elephants in concrete stand guard at the steps leading to the temple. A huge towering statue of Lord Shiva, visible from great distances, is present in the temple complex. Newly constructed Shiva's statue is next to Murudeshwar statue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/23/stories/2006012304670300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919083208/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/23/stories/2006012304670300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 September 2006|title= Murudeshwar statue|access-date=2009-09-27 | location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 January 2006}}</ref> The statue is {{convert|37|m|ft}} in height.

==Gallery==
Typical architectural styles seen in Karnataka are shown in this gallery.
<gallery class="center" widths="165" heights="165">
File:Central Library @ Cubbon Park.jpg|Seshadri Iyer Memorial Library in Cubbon Park
File:Miniature Tower1 at Siddhesvara Temple at Haveri.JPG|Nagara style tower
File:Miniature Tower at Siddhesvara Temple at Haveri.JPG|South Indian Dravida style tower
File:Siddesvara Temple Shrine at Haveri.JPG|Dravida articulation and superstructure
File:Hangal Sabha mantapa Tarateshwara .jpg|Mantapa structure
File:K.Sheshadri Iyer Statue, Cubbon Park, Bangalore.JPG|Statue of K.Sheshadri Iyer at [[Cubbon Park]]
File:Hangal Tarakeshwara pillars.jpg|Polished and like lath turned pillars
File:Yali pillars in mantapa of Rameshwara temple at Keladi.jpg|Granite pillars
File:Bhumija towers on minor shrines in Chennakeshava Temple at Belur.jpg|Bhumija towers on minor shrines
File:Nandi-atop-chamundi-hills.jpg|Nandi (bull) sculpted in black stone
File:Shilabaalika on pillar bracket in Chennakeshava Temple at Belur1.jpg|A carved bracket with an Idol in the roof
File:Kote Srinivasa Temple at Bangalore.jpg|Temple tower (Vijayanaga style)
File:Camunda5.JPG|Intricate stone sculpture work typical of Hoysala architecture
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | last1=Butalia | first1=Tarunjit Singh | last2=Small | first2=Dianne P. |title=Religion in Ohio: Profiles of Faith Communities |url={{Google books|LRFePtMXjT8C|page=367|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-8214-1551-1 }}
* {{cite book|last=De|first=Aditi|title=Multiple City:Writings on Bangalore|work=The Cities Within – New Shoes and Old Roots: The Cultural Backdrop of Bangalore, Part III, Article 9 by Chiranjeevi Singh|pages= 49–59|publisher= Penguin Books India, New Delhi|year=2008}}
* {{cite book | last=Fergusson |first=James | author-link=James Fergusson (architect) | url={{Google books|JNkDAAAAYAAJ|page=271|plainurl=yes}} |title=A History of Architecture in All Countries: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day|volume=3|publisher=[[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]]|date=1876|access-date=2 December 2018}}
* {{cite book |last=Haig |first=Major T. W. |title=Historic Landmarks of the Deccan |year=1907 |publisher=Pioneer Press, Allahabad |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Historic_Landmarks_of_the_Deccan |ref={{sfnref|Haig, 1907}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kamat|first=Suryanatha|title= A concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present|url= https://openlibrary.org/b/OL4248712M/concise_history_of_Karnataka|publisher= Archana Prakashana (Bangalore)|year= 1980}}
* {{cite book|last=Panikar|first=Agustin|url={{Google books|oCPtDwAAQBAJ|page=408|plainurl=yes}} |title=Jainism: History, Society, Philosophy and Practice | volume=24 | series=Lala Sunder Lal Jain research series |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | location=[[Delhi]] |date=2010|isbn=978-81-208-3460-6}}
* {{cite book | last=Paul | first=George S. | author-link=George S Paul | title=Vasundhara - Odyssey of a Dancer |url={{Google books|9MS5DwAAQBAJ|pg=PT18|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Notion Press]] | location=[[Chennai]] |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-64587-531-4 }}
* {{cite news | last=Rao | first=Bindu Gopal | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/the-jain-trail-610353 | title=The Jain Trail | date=8 March 2020 | access-date=15 January 2021 }}
* {{cite book |last=Sewell |first=Robert | author-link=Robert Sewell (historian) | title=New Imperial Series | series=[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]] | volume=7 |url={{Google books|W5YXtbHisaUC|page=235|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=E. Keys, at the government press |date=1882 }}
* {{cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |title=Bidar, Its History and Monuments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6xpQpOCtzAC |year=1995 |ref={{sfnref|Yazdani, 1995}}}}

===Books===
* [http://www.hindu.com/br/2009/11/24/stories/2009112450021200.htm Pre and Early ''Chalukya Sculpture'' Origin and Development], by R. H. Kulkarni; Harman Publishing House, A-23, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase II, New Delhi-110028

==External links==
* {{commons-inline}}

{{Architecture of India}}
{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Architecture of Karnataka| ]]
[[Category:Culture of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian architecture by state or union territory|Karnataka]]

Ram Chandra Bose

2026-01-24T16:10:55Z

Nonebotnone50: Made Details

{{Short description|Indian educator, a lay evangelist, and a prominent writer}}

[[File:Ram Chandra Bose - Harper's Weekly - 1884.jpg|thumb|]]

'''Ram Chandra Bose''' (sometimes spelled '''Ram Chunder Basu''' or '''Ramachandra Vasu'''; May 16, 1836 – May 30, 1892) was an educator, a lay evangelist, and a prominent writer in the region of North India known as the [[North-Western Provinces]] and Oudh in the late 19th century. He converted to Christianity while a student in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. Upon completing his education, he was employed by several Christian mission agencies as well as the government to teach in their schools. In the 1870s and 1880s, he was associated with the [[American Methodist Episcopal Mission]] and travelled across India as a [[Methodist local preacher|lay evangelist]]. Many of his lectures were published as journal articles or compiled into books creating a prolific literary legacy. Bose wrote over 100 journal articles on religious, philosophical, and social issues for journals such as ''The Bengal Magazine'' edited by [[Lal Behari Day]] as well as the ''[[Calcutta Review]]'', the ''Indian Evangelical Review'', and others. Shortly before he died in 1892, he left the American Methodist Mission to join the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] [[Church Missionary Society in India|Church Missionary Society]].<ref>B. C. Ghosh, "Ram Chandra Bose: In Memoriam," ''The Indian Church Quarterly Review'' 5, no. 3 (Jul. 1892): 441.</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ram Chandra Bose was born into what he described "one of those castes called in India the literary castes," but without providing specific detail.<ref>Bose ''Hinduism and the Hindu People'' 1883, p. 40.</ref> Bose stated that it was for this reason that his parents were anxious to educate him even if it meant sending him to a Christian school. While he was the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)|Free Church]] Institution started by [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]], he was "initiated into the mysteries of the English language" as well as Western approaches to science, geography, history, and philosophy.<ref>Ibid., p. 42-43.</ref> Through his study of the Bible and other Christian books, he and his cousin Bhuban Mohan Bose, embraced Christian belief and were baptized by William Sinclair Mackay (1807–1865) of the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] on 16 July 1851.<ref>Ibid., p. 44. See also the extract of a letter written by Mackay on 8 Aug. 1851, "Foreign Missions, Correspondence: Calcutta." ''Home and Foreign Record of the Free Church of Scotland'' 2 (Nov. 1851): 119-122.</ref> His cousin, Bhuban Mohan Bose, would later become the father of [[Chandramukhi Basu]], one of the first two female graduates of British India.

== Career ==

=== Teacher ===
After completing his education, Ram Chandra Bose was invited by the [[London Missionary Society]] to teach at the LMS Central School in [[Varanasi]] for about ten years starting in 1854.<ref>Bose, ''Truth of the Christian Religion'', p. iii</ref> Subsequently, he was employed by the [[British Raj|British government in India]] to be the headmaster of a school in [[Sitapur]] where he was lauded for his abilities by several officials including [[Robert Milman]], Bishop of Calcutta.<ref>Proceedings of the Government of India Home Department: Education, January – June, 1871, file no. HOME INDEX_NA_1871_JAN TO JUN_PROCEEDINGS, Archives of India, Delhi, p. 124-125.</ref> He left government employment around 1872 to teach in the Boys' Orphanage run by missionaries of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] in [[Shahjahanpur]].<ref>"India: Rohilcund District: The Boys’ Orphanage." ''Fifty-Fifth Annual Report of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the Year 1873''(New York: Printed for the Society, 1874), p. 114.</ref> He also taught in the Methodist school in [[Moradabad]] and the Centennial School in [[Lucknow]] also run by the Methodists.

=== Evangelist and writer ===
In 1877, Bose was appointed by the Methodist Mission to work as an evangelist preaching to educated Indians.<ref>"North India: Oudh District," ''Fifty-Ninth Annual Report of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the Year 1877'' (New York: Printed for the Society, 1878), p. 124-125.</ref> He gave lectures on a variety of topics including [[Christian apologetics]] in cities across North India and eventually throughout much of India. He published many of these lectures first as journal articles and then compiled into books such as ''The Truth of the Christian Religion as Established by the Miracles of Christ'' (1881). Bose also lectured and wrote on Hinduism, providing philosophical and Christian analyses of the various expressions of [[Hinduism in India]], particularly of the reformist movement, the [[Brahmo Samaj]], and of one of its breakaway factions led by [[Keshub Chandra Sen]].<ref>C. Mackenzie Brown, "Three Historical Probes: The Western Roots of Avataric Evolutionism in Colonial India," ''Zygon'' 42, no. 2 (June 2007): 436.</ref> He was a regular contributor to the ''Bengal Magazine'', the ''Lucknow Witness'', and the ''Indian Evangelical Review'' on subjects related to the [[Christianity in India|Indian Christian community]] and to the work of foreign [[Christian mission|missionaries]] including an early analysis of the [[Revival meeting|revivalist]] preaching of [[William Taylor (bishop)|William Taylor]]<ref>Babu Ram Chandra Basu, "The Rev. William Taylor’s Work and Policy." ''The Indian Evangelical Review'' 3, no. 10 (Oct. 1875): 181-194.</ref> A criticism of foreign mission work which surfaced regularly in Bose's writings was the "race distinctions" made by missionaries between their communities and the Indian Christian communities.<ref>Anilkumar Belvadi, ''Missionary Calculus: Americans in the Making of Sunday Schools in Victorian India'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019), p. 148</ref> In one of his articles, he argued, "If there is one spot in this world, where race distinctions and race disabilities ought to be most thoroughly obliterated and extinguished, where races should meet on equal terms as castes meet within the sacred confines of the great temple of Jaggannath, that spot is the Mission field."<ref>Ram Chandra Bose, "Our Lieutenant-Governor’s Book," ''The Indian Evangelical Review'' 12, no. 47 (Jan. 1886): 343</ref> Having had a long career as a teacher, Bose also wrote regularly on aspects of [[education in India]].<ref>A Hindustani. "Education in India," ''The Bengal Magazine'' 4 (Oct. 1875): 131-141; "Compliments paid to Government Education," ''The Bengal Magazine'' 4 (Dec. 1875): 227-234; "The First Principle of Education," ''The Bengal Magazine'' 4 (Apr. 1876): 420-429; "Technical Education." ''The National Magazine'' 3, 1 (Jan. 1889): 14-24.</ref>
In his final years, Bose shifted the focus of his writings to the early history of the Christian Church, possibly as a result of his theological investigations into [[episcopal polity]] and his consequent move from [[Methodism]] to [[Anglicanism]].<ref>"Ram Chandra Bose," ''The Net Cast in Many Waters: Sketches from the Life of Missionaries,'' (Nov. 1892): 170-171.</ref> Beginning with an article on the second century Christian apologist [[Justin Martyr]] in which he advocated polemical writings and controversial discourse as a valid means of presenting an intellectual defense of Christianity, Bose wrote a series of a dozen or so articles on [[Early Christianity]] and key [[Church Fathers]].<ref>Ram Chandra Bose, "Justin, The Philosophic Missionary: Our Mission Policy," ''The Indian Evangelical Review'' 16 (Jul. 1889): 74-96.</ref> All his published writings were in the English language, not in his native Bengali or his adopted Urdu.

=== Conference delegate in America ===
Ram Chandra Bose was twice elected to be the official lay delegate to the [[General Conference (Methodism)|General Conference]] of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] in the United States.<ref>Guenther (2024), p. 97-101</ref> When he arrived for the Conference in Cincinnati in 1880 along with 9 other delegates from foreign countries, it was the first time foreign delegates had attended the General Conference in an official capacity.<ref>Wade Crawford Barclay, ''History of Methodist Missions'', Part 2, ''The Methodist Episcopal Church, 1845-1939'', vol. 3 ''Widening Horizons'' (New York: The Board of Missions of the Methodist Church, 1957), p. 169</ref> Bose attended once again in the next General Conference held in Philadelphia in 1884. One of the discussions in which he participated was on the question of appointing [[missionary bishop|missionary bishops]] for overseas regions such as India.<ref>J. H. Messmore, The Life of Edwin Wallace Parker, D.D., Missionary Bishop of Southern Asia: Forty-one Years a Missionary in India (New York: Eaton & Mains, 1903), p. 198-199.</ref> He received many opportunities to speak in churches, at conferences, and at university ceremonies during his visits to the States. He published his thoughtful and, at times, critical reflections on American society first in a series of articles in ''The Bengal Magazine'' which were then compiled into his book ''Gossip about America and Europe'' (1883). Because of the scholarship demonstrated in his lectures and writings, [[Simpson College]] awarded him a [[Master of Arts]] as an [[honorary degree]] in 1881.<ref>"Personals," ''Christian Advocate'' 56 (1881), p.376. Some later accounts state he received an M.A. from the University of Chicago, but there appears to be no contemporary corroboration of such an award.</ref>

== Political involvement ==
Ram Chandra Bose was one of the Indian Christians who actively participated in the [[History of the Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]] in its early years. The "Proceedings" of the Fourth Indian National Congress meeting held in Allahabad in 1888 lists him as a delegate from Lucknow who had been elected "at the meeting of the Rafa-i-Am Association and at the meetings of the Bengal Christian Conference and Bengal Christian Alliance."<ref>[https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10973/17942 Proceedings of the Fourth Indian National Congress held at Allahabad on December 1888]</ref> He had also been at the Congress meetings in Madras (1887) and Bombay (1889).<ref>"Missionary Gleanings." ''The Methodist Times'' (28 Feb. 1889): 197; Frederick Sessions, "Indian Gleanings: Letter No. VI." ''Gloucester Journal'' (25 Jan. 1890): 6.</ref> In an article published in the Calcutta journal, ''The National Magazine,'' Bose praised the Congress and its aspirations, particularly for its work in initiating a movement towards national unification and for its efforts to bring about reform through reasonable, moderate, and constitutional resolutions.<ref>R. C. Bose, "The National Congress." ''The National Magazine'' 2, no. 8 (Aug. 1888): 283-298.</ref> In what was perhaps his final published article, he returned to the theme of the unification of India, arguing that it was possible because of the inherent equality of all people.<ref>Ram Chunder Bose, "The Unification of India." ''The Indian Evangelical Review'' 18 (1892): 434-448.</ref> Bose also addressed other political issues of his day such as the [[Ilbert Bill]] and the blatant racism of those who opposed the implementation of the Bill in India.<ref>Ram Chandra Bose, "The New Caste in India," ''The Independent'' 36 (14 Aug. 1884): 1029-1030.</ref>

== Death and legacy ==
Ram Chandra Bose died on May 30, 1892 in the city of Lucknow. While he had been lecturing Calcutta a few months earlier, he had an attack of fever and was unable to complete the course of lectures. He returned to Lucknow to be with his relatives but was unable to regain his health.<ref>"Ram Chandra Bose, M.A.," ''The Harvest Field: A Missionary Magazine'' 4, 3rd series (Jul. 1892): 34.</ref> [[Isabella Thoburn]], who had been instrumental in his spiritual journey during the Lucknow revival in the early 1870s, was with him towards the end of his life. She noted that he had not been well for some years but found the final three months of confinement to his room frustrating because of his desire to continue his preaching.<ref>''Sketches of Indian Christians collected from Different Sources,'' (London: The Christian Literature Society for India, 1896), p. 94</ref>
Despite his passion for preaching, Bose's lasting legacy has been his writings. His two volumes on [[Hindu philosophy]] and his writings on the Brahmo Samaj and on Keshub Chandra Sen comprise an early analysis of diverse expressions of Hinduism from the perspective of an Indian Christian.<ref>Lee Irwin, "Reincarnation in America: A Brief Historical Overview," ''Religions'' 8, 10 (2017): 10.</ref> His apologetic writings provided the Christian communities in South Asia with a reasoned defense of their faith. His insightful critique of Christian missionary policies and practices were a continual challenge to the foreign missionaries who worked in India to not ignore the social implications of the Gospel they preached. But his influence was not limited to that country; his travels to America and Britain resulted him in being an important interpreter of India and its customs to those nations as well as an interpreter of America and Britain to India. His final writings on early Christian history consist of perhaps the first in-depth theological reflections on the history of the Church written by an Indian Protestant.

== References ==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|22em}}

===Bibliography===
*B. C. Ghosh, "Ram Chandra Bose: In Memoriam," ''The Indian Church Quarterly Review'' 5, no. 3 (Jul. 1892): 412-416.
*Alan M. Guenther, “Ram Chandra Bose and North Indian Pietism,” in ''[https://place.asburyseminary.edu/academicbooks/49/ Heirs of Pietism] in World Christianity: The 19th to the 21st Centuries: A Conference Held at United Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, June 1-3, 2022'', eds. Wendy J. Deichmann and Scott T. Kisker, 83-106 (Wilmore, KY: First Fruits Press, 2024).
*"Ram Chandra Bose, M.A.," ''The Harvest Field: A Missionary Magazine'' 4, 3rd series (Jul. 1892): 33-34.
*"Ram Chandra Bose," ''The Net Cast in Many Waters: Sketches from the Life of Missionaries,'' (Nov. 1892): 169-172.
*[https://archive.org/details/sketches-of-indian-christians/page/90 ''Sketches of Indian Christians collected from Different Sources,'' (London: The Christian Literature Society for India, 1896), p. 91-95.]

==Further reading==
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36729/page/n1/mode/2up''The Truth of the Christian Religion as Established by the Miracles of Christ''. London: Religious Tract Society, 1881.]
* [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.121235/page/n1/mode/2up''Gossip about America and Europe''. Lucknow: C. M. C. Press, 1883.]
* [https://archive.org/details/hinduismhindupeo00bose/page/n1/mode/2up''Hinduism and the Hindu People''. Indianola, IW: Advocate-Tribune Printing House, 1883.]
* [https://archive.org/details/brahmoismorhist00bosegoog/page/n6/mode/2up''Brahmoism; or History of Reformed Hinduism from its Origin in 1830, under Rajah Mohun Roy, to the Present Time, with a particular account of Babu Keshub Chunder Sen’s Connection with the Movement''. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884.]
* [https://archive.org/details/hinduphilosophy01bosegoog/page/n5/mode/2up''Hindu Philosophy Popularly Explained: The Orthodox Systems''. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884.]
* [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.236233/page/n1/mode/2up''Hindu Philosophy Popularly Explained: The Heterodox Systems''. Calcutta: Methodist Publishing House, 1887.]
* ''Nature and Revelation: Eight Lectures''. Lucknow: Methodist Publishing House, 1888.

== External links ==
* [https://www.academia.edu/114427586/Bibliography_of_Ram_Chandra_Bose Bibliography of Ram Chandra Bose]
* [https://guavagardens.blogspot.com/2015/11/ram-chandra-bose-1836-1892.html Memorial of Ram Chandra Bose in Nishatganj Cemetery, Lucknow]

[[Category:Indian Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Indian Methodists]]
[[Category:Indian Anglicans]]
[[Category:Converts to Protestantism from Hinduism]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:1836 births]]
[[Category:1892 deaths]]

Majhari

2026-01-21T08:29:19Z

Nonebotnone50: done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Majhari
| other_name = Majhāri
| nickname =
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| image_skyline =
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| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position =
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.16232|N|83.66734|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Geonames">{{Cite web|url=https://www.geonames.org/10509679/majhari.html|title=Geonames.org. ''Majhāri''|accessdate=3 February 2021}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]]
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| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
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| area_total_km2 = 3.96
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| elevation_m = 83
| population_total = 3448<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
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| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
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'''Majhari''' is a village in [[Mohania]] block of [[Kaimur district]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]. As of 2011, its population was 3,448, in 505 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Kaimur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=344–423|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=3 February 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kaimur district]]

{{Kaimur-geo-stub}}

Shipra River

2026-01-21T06:00:31Z

Nonebotnone50:

{{short description|River in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox river
| name = क्षिप्रा
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other = Shipra
| name_etymology = 
| image = File:Shri Ram Ghat 01.jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_caption = The Shri Ram Ghat on the Shipra River in [[Ujjain]]
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| length = 195 km
| width_min =
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| source1 = Kakri Bardi Hills
| source1_location = [[Indore]], [[India]]
| source1_coordinates =
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| mouth = [[Chambal river]]
| mouth_location = [[Ekalgarh Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
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[[File:Flood puja.jpg|thumb|A ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' performed on the banks of the overflowing Shipra River in [[Ujjain]] during the [[Climate of India#Monsoon|summer monsoon]].]]

'''Shipra''' (from Sanskrit '''Kshipra''') is a river in [[Madhya Pradesh]] state of [[Central India]]. The river rises in the north of Dhar district and flows north across the [[Malwa]] Plateau to join the [[Chambal River]] at the MP-Rajasthan boundary in Mandsaur district.

It is one of the sacred rivers in [[Hinduism]]. The holy city of [[Ujjain]] is situated on its east bank. Every 12 years, the [[Ujjain Simhastha]] takes place on the city's elaborate riverside [[ghats]], as do yearly celebrations of Kshipra, the river goddess in Hinduism. There are hundreds of Hindu shrines along the banks of the river Shipra. With this reference, the word Shipra is used as a symbol of "purity" (of soul, emotions, body, etc.) or "chastity" or "clarity". The [[Purana]]s, or ancient Hindu texts, also suggest that the Shipra originated from the heart of [[Varaha]], Lord Vishnu's incarnation as a boar. Also on the banks of the Shipra is Sage [[Sandipani]]’s [[ashram]] or hermitage where according to Hindu beliefs the main Hinduism deity [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]], Lord Vishnu's eighth incarnation, had studied.

==Hydrology==
Shipra is a perennial river. Earlier there used to be plenty of water in the river. Now the river stops flowing a couple of months after the [[monsoon]].

Narmada Shipra Sihastha Link Pariyojana, Mundla Dosdar - a project linking Shipra River to [[River Narmada]] was commenced in 2012 and completed in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-narmada-kshipra-link-project-starts-4094081-NOR.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201213150/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-narmada-kshipra-link-project-starts-4094081-NOR.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 December 2016|title=Hindi News, हिंदी समाचार, India News in Hindi, हिन्दी में समाचार, Desh - Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref> The project lifts water from the Narmada river using electricity, and then transports it to the source of Kshipra river through pipes. The link project is the first phase of the Rs 8000-crore Narmada-Malwa Link project. Under the project, Narmada would be connected to the Kshipra, Gambhir, Kalisindh, and Parwati rivers.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GnEiNp9EPg Holly Bath in Shipra River Ujjain at Somvarti Amavasya] (India News). Published on 5 December 2013.

{{City of Ujjain}}
{{Hydrography of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|22.900|N|75.983|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Geography of Malwa]]
[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geography of Ujjain]]
[[Category:Avanti (region)]]
[[Category:Ujjain]]

P. Jeevanandham

2026-01-03T00:13:56Z

Nonebotnone50: minor added structure to improve readability additionally and added references for clarity

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = P. Jeevanandham
| image = P Jeevanandham 2010 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Jeevanandham on a 2010 stamp of India
| birth_name = Sorimuthu
| birth_date = 21 August 1907
| birth_place = [[Boothapandi]], [[Kingdom of Travancore]], [[British India]] (now part of [[Kanyakumari District]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1963|1|18|1907|8|21}}
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]] (now [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]), [[India]]
| party = [[File:CPI-banner.svg|24px]] [[Communist party of India]]
| alma_mater = [[Government School]], [[Boothapandi]], [[Kanyakumari district]]
| known_for = Communist Leader
and [[Social reformer|Social Reformer]]
}}

'''P. Jeevanandham''' (21 August 1907 – 18 January 1963), also called ''Jeeva'', was a social reformer, political leader, litterateur and one of the pioneers of the [[Communism|Communist]] and [[Socialism|socialist]] movements in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/jeevanantham-remembered/article5592372.ece Jeevanantham remembered – TAMIL NADU]. The Hindu (19 January 2014). Retrieved on 12 November 2018.</ref>

He was not only a socio-political leader, but was also a cultural theoretician, an excellent orator, journalist and critic; and above all, a relentless fighter for the deprived. A down-to-earth person with a clean record in public life, Jeevanandham was held in high esteem by ordinary people.

==Early life==
P. Jeevanandham was born in the town of [[Boothapandi]], near [[Nagercoil]], in the then princely state of [[Travancore]] (presently in [[Kanyakumari District]] of Tamil Nadu) into an orthodox middle-class family on 21 August 1907. His original name was Sorimuthu.<ref name="Cultural"/> He was named after his clan god Sorimuthu.

The orthodox and religious background of his family exposed Jeevanandham to literature, devotional songs and the arts, early on in his life. He grew up in an era when caste-based rigidity was widely prevalent, and from early on in his life he resented the very idea of untouchability and could not tolerate his [[Dalit]] friends being denied entry into temples and public places and being humiliated. Even as a schoolboy he became averse to ''Varnasrama Dharma'', a Hindu religious code that stratifies society on caste lines and facilitates the practice of [[untouchability]]. The national movement and [[Mohandas Gandhi|Gandhi]]’s call to wear [[khadi]] and his stand against untouchability influenced Jeevanandham to join the movement. He began wearing only khadi from then on.

Jeevanandham took his Dalit friends into the streets and public places where, usually, entry was denied to them, which earned him the displeasure of his family and orthodox caste members in his village. His father disapproved his behaviour and asked him to stop all things which were against their caste traditions. Jeevanandham said he would rather leave his home rather than follow discriminatory practices and eventually did so.

==Political life==

===Gandhian and Congress Worker===
Jeevanandham started his political life basing himself on Gandhian ideas. In 1924, he participated in the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]] against upper-caste Hindus, where Dalits were barred from walking on the road leading to the temple at [[Vaikom]]. He participated in a similar protest, demanding entry for Dalits into the [[Suchindram temple]]. When he joined an ashram run by [[V. V. S. Aiyar]] at [[Cheranmadevi]], he found that Dalits and ‘upper-caste’ students were fed in separate halls. He supported Periyar's protest against this practice and quit the ashram. Later, he took charge of an ashram funded by a philanthropist in ''Siravayal'' near [[Karaikkudi]]. The ashram life gave him an opportunity to read a lot of books. In this ashram, he got opportunity to meet Gandhi. Jeeva had written a letter to Gandhi disagreeing with his methods. When Gandhi came to Madras, he had this letter in his pocket and wanted to meet Jeeva. Rajagopalachari asked Gandhi to name the person he wanted to meet so that particular person can be called. Gandhi mentioned that he did not want the person to be called and would like to go to the ashram where Jeeva resided and meet him. When Gandhi went to the Siruvayal ashram and asked for Jeeva a young man of around 25 years appeared before him. Gandhi asked him if he was the same person who wrote the 'letter' and Jeeva replied in the affirmative.<ref name="Cultural"/>

When Periyar ([[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]), on returning from a visit to the Soviet Union, spoke highly of its achievements and expressed his desire to propagate socialism, Jeevanandham, who was by then familiar with the egalitarian principle, felt elated. His hopes of getting the national movement merged with the Congress Socialist Party were dashed when Periyar began dragging his feet. He, however, remained in the Congress. He was elected as a member of the [[All India Congress Committee]], a prestigious post in those days, and was also a member of the working committee of the State Congress unit. Later, when the Madras Provincial Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1937, Jeevanandham became its first secretary. He joined the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) two years later along with [[P. Ramamurthi]], another veteran of the movement.

===Communist years (before Indian independence)===
The last 25 years of colonial rule saw the emergence of two movements in [[Tamil Nadu]] – the [[Self-Respect Movement]] (which was a precursor to the [[Dravidian movement]] led by Periyar) and the Communist movement. Before enrolling himself as the first member of the CPI in Tamil Nadu, Jeevanandham was an active participant in these two earlier movements. His patriotism took him to the national movement; his revulsion toward untouchability and caste-based discrimination led him to support the Self-Respect Movement.

After joining the CPI, Jeevanandham and Ramamurthi organized rickshaw-pullers and factory workers on Marxist lines.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fighter all the way|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2522/stories/20081107252208700.htm|accessdate=30 July 2013|newspaper=Frontline|date=7 November 2008|location=India}}</ref> In this they were assisted by leaders such as [[M. R. Venkatraman]] and [[B. Srinivasa Rao]]. They had already organized workers and formed unions in industrial towns such as [[Madurai]] and [[Coimbatore]] when they were functioning as socialists. Jeevanandham was in the forefront of efforts to build a strong labor movement based on [[Marxism]]. His oratory and writings helped him fulfill the task. But these leaders suffered police repression and were imprisoned several times. Jeevanandham visited sensitive areas and kept the workers’ fighting spirit alive. Alongside industrial workers, agricultural laborers and small farmers were also organized in [[Thanjavur]] and other districts. Jeevanandham and Ramamurthi inspired thousands of people through powerful speeches.

Under the colonial rule, Marxist literature and propaganda were banned, and Marxist workers were frequently arrested on one pretext or the other. Jeevanandham was no exception. He even had an externment order against him and had to stay away from the then Madras province for a brief period.

==Political life (after Indian independence)==
After [[Partition of India|Indian Independence]], the ban on the CPI was lifted, and all its leaders were released.

In the [[1952 Madras legislative assembly election|first general elections]] in post independent India, Jeevanandham won a seat for the [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Washermanpet (State Assembly Constituency)|Wasermanpet]] constituency in [[Madras]]. P. Ramamurthi, his close associate, who was in jail then, was also elected from the [[Madurai North (State Assembly Constituency)|Madurai]] constituency. After being elected to the Legislative Assembly, he put pressure on the government to initiate action on issues relating to development schemes and reform measures. He also led many struggles, one of which was against the proposal to form ''Dakshina Pradesh'' comprising the four southern states. Despite his loss in the subsequent elections, he continued his party work.<ref name="Cultural">{{cite news|title=Cultural warrior|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2416/stories/20070824503711900.htm|author=S.Viswanathan|newspaper=Frontline|date=24 August 2007|location=India}}</ref>

==Tamil nationalism and literary works==
He played a key role in making his native [[Tamil language]] an official language in the state and the judiciary, and a medium of instruction in educational institutions.<ref name="Jeeva"/>

He was a supporter of pure usage of Tamil, which had, to an extent, become corrupted by the influence of [[Sanskrit]] and other languages. He declared his name to be "Uyirinban", a literal translation of the Sanskrit word ''Jeevanandham''. One of his major influences was the works of the Tamil poet [[Subramania Bharati]], and also Bharati's persona and simple lifestyle. Jeevanandham was the first to take to cultural politics and cited his long struggle for nationalising Subramania Bharati's songs.

He was well-versed in Tamil literature and was a good orator.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commemorative stamp on Jeeva released|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/commemorative-stamp-on-jeeva-released/article586671.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=22 August 2010|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

Jeevanandham was the founder of ''Thamara'', a Tamil literary magazine. The Communist Tamil newspaper ''[[Jana Sakthi]]'' was also begun with his commitment.<ref name="Jeeva">{{cite news|title=Tributes paid to Jeevanandham|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/tributes-paid-to-jeevanandham/article2813011.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=19 January 2012|location=Tiruchi, India}}</ref>

Periyar encouraged Jeeva to translate [[Bhagat Singh]]’s classic essay "[[Why I am an Atheist]]" in 1933. He translated it into Tamil, which was probably its first-ever translation. It was published by Periyar's publication.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2419/stories/20071005508113100.htm|title=Letters – P.Jeevanandham|author=Chaman Lal|date=5 October 2007|publisher=Frontline|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref>

==Later years==
Jeeva led a busy and hectic life: teaching classes on Marxism for party workers, advising students to equip themselves to meet the nascent republic's development needs, addressing literary fora on topics such as the greatness of the poet Bharati, explaining the flaws in the government's language policy at meetings of intellectuals, and addressing factory gate meetings in support of workers on strike. In between, he wrote editorials for the party daily or discussed strategies for resolving industrial disputes.

In 1962, his health suffered a setback. Later in the year he visited the [[Soviet Union]]. He took treatment there and returned by the end of the year. However, his health worsened weeks later. On 18 January 1963, he died at his modest home at [[Tambaram]], near [[Chennai]]. About two lakh (200,000) people attended his funeral and paid their last respects to one who had toiled all his life for the common man, who symbolised the simplicity of Gandhism and who had a Periyar-like zest for social equality and the Marxist spirit to fight exploitation.

==Legacy==
[[File:Jeevanandam Government Higher Secondary School, Puducherry.JPG|thumbnail|Jeevanandam Government Higher Secondary School, Puducherry]]
* The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation(TNSTC), Erode Division is named the '''Jeeva Transport Corporation''' in modern days.
* The railway station at [[Vyasarpadi]] in [[Chennai]] is named [[Vyasarpadi Jeeva]], as he lived in the area for a period.
* A commemorative stamp on him was issued on 21-August-2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2010.aspx|title=Stamps 2010|publisher=Department of Posts, Indian government|accessdate=30 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814101038/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2010.aspx|archive-date=14 August 2013}}</ref>
* Jeevanandam Government Higher Secondary School, Puducherry, is named after him.
*Jeevanandam Government Girls High School, Bhoothapandy, Kanyakumari district, is named after him

==Reputation==
Even his political adversaries respected him. He led a justified and honest life. No one could criticize his personal life.

[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[C. N. Annadurai]] saw Jeeva walking down a road, and offered him a ride in his car. Jeeva thanked Annadurai but humbly refused his help.

When Communists were proscribed and subject to arrest, Jeeva took refuge in the home of [[N.S. Krishnan]], a notable stage and cinema actor. [[Karunanidhi|Kalaignar Karunanidhi]] came to the house, and saw a ''[[Sannyasa|sannyasi]]'' (Hindu renunciate) with a shaved head. He was suspicious of the ''sannyasi'', trying to remember the well known face. N.S.Krishnan entered the room and asked Karunanidhi whether he could recognize the ''sannyasi''. Later Karunanidhi recognized the ''sannyasi'' as Jeeva.

He and [[C. Rajagopalachari|Rajaji]] were always political rivals but still respected each other.

He and [[K. Kamaraj]] were good allies. On his deathbed, Jeeva told his attendants "Telegram Padma Vathi [his wife]. Call Kamaraj." This shows how close these two leaders were.

==References==
{{Commons category|P. Jeevanandham}}
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeevanandham, P.}}
[[Category:Politicians from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:Dalit activists]]
[[Category:Activists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]

Fazlul Karim (politician)

2026-01-02T20:27:50Z

Nonebotnone50: adding stub...

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{Other uses|Fazlul Karim}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Janab]]
| name = Fazlul Karim
| native_name = ফজলুল করীম
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2006
| term_end1 = 2011
| predecessor1 = [[Sudhan Raha]]
| successor1 = ''Constituency abolished''
| constituency1 = [[Kranti Assembly constituency|Kranti]]
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1937}}
| birth_place = [[Kranti (community development block)|Kranti]], [[Jalpaiguri district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| alma_mater =
| relatives =
| children =
}}
'''Fazlul Karim''' ({{Langx|bn|ফজলুল করীম}}) is a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] politician. He was the final MLA of [[Kranti Assembly constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=my/>

==Early life and education==
Karim was born in {{circa|1937}} to a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in [[Kranti (community development block)|Kranti]], [[Jalpaiguri district]], then part of the [[Bengal Presidency]]. He is the son of Mohammad Hussan.<ref name=my>{{cite web|url=https://www.myneta.info/wb2006/candidate.php?candidate_id=37|title=Fazlul Karim (CPM)|website=My Neta|access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Karim successfully contested in the [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] candidate for the [[Kranti Assembly constituency]].<ref name=my/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karim, Fazlul}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:People from Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politician stubs]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:1937 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Kanjan

2026-01-01T21:53:45Z

Nonebotnone50: minor changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kanjan
| image = Kanjan poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Covai A. Aiyamuthu T. R. Gopu
| producer = K. Velliangiri C. Sundaram
| writer =
| screenplay = Covai A. Aiyamuthu
| story = Covai A. Aiyamuthu
| based_on =
| starring = [[S. V. Subbaiah]] M. S. S. Bhagyam R. Mallathi [[T. G. Kamala Devi]]
| narrator =
| music = [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
| cinematography = P. Ramasami
| editing = T. R. Gopu
| studio = [[Jupiter Pictures]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1947|11|11|India}}<ref name="anandan">{{Cite book |last=Film News Anandan |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1947-cinedetails4.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |date=23 October 2004 |publisher=Sivakami Publishers |location=Chennai |language=ta |trans-title=History of Landmark Tamil Films |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170609014206/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1947-cinedetails4.asp |archive-date=9 June 2017 |url-status=usurped |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kanjan''''' ({{translation|Miser}}) is a 1947 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by Covai A. Aiyamuthu and T. R. Gopu.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |publisher=Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1998 |pages=605 |author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author2=Paul Willemen }}</ref> The film stars [[S. V. Subbaiah]], R. Malathi and [[T. G. Kamala Devi]]. No print of the film is known to have survived, and it is considered a [[lost film]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |title=The eye of the serpent: An introduction to Tamil cinema |publisher=East West Books |year=1996 |pages=103 |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film centers on a wealthy old man and his attempt to court his son's girlfriend and make her his second wife. The film highlights social evils such as black-marketing, selling of young girls, et al.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=21 November 2010 |title=Kanjan 1947 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Kanjan-1947/article15699905.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=9 June 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170609015229/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Kanjan-1947/article15699905.ece |archive-date=9 June 2017}}</ref>

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="song book">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sok.Kanjan_C.A.Ayyamuthu_T.R.Gopu_1947 |title=கஞ்சன் |publisher=[[Jupiter Pictures]] |year=1947 |language=ta |trans-title=Miser |type=song book}}</ref>
*M. S. S. Bhagyam as Chellam
*R. Malathi as Maragatham
*[[T. G. Kamala Devi]] as Amaravathi
*[[C. K. Saraswathi]] as Anjuham
*K. S. Angamuthu as Kuppayi
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="song book" />
*[[S. V. Subbaiah]] as Kanjan
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as Velappan
*[[P. V. Narasimha Bharathi]] as Kumarasami
*[[M. K. Mustafa]] as Loganathan
*Nat Annaji Rao as Murugesan
*B. Rajagopala Iyer as Subodar
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by K. Velliangiri, a partner of Jupiter Pictures when writer Covai A. Aiyamuthu wanted to make a film. Covai A. Aiyamuthu directed the film assisted by the company's editor T. R. Gopu who also did the editing. Covai A. Aiyamuthu wrote the story and dialogues too. Cinematography was handled by P. Ramasami and art direction was by P. B. Chowdri and Kuttiyappu. C. Thangaraj was in charge of choreography. The film was made at [[Central Studios]], in the neighbourhood of [[Singanallur, Coimbatore|Singanallur]], [[Coimbatore]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].

== Reception ==
The film was a flop. An interesting event took place to show the enormity of its failure. About the time the film was screened in Coimbatore, a college celebrated its annual day. There was a play staged by the students. A scene showed a sinner at judgement in [[Yama]]'s court. Yama says the sinner should be fried in boiling oil as punishment for his sins. Yama's accountant [[Chitragupta]] says the punishment is not enough. So Yama says, the sinner's body should be cut into pieces and fed to vultures. Again Chitragupta says the punishment is not enough. Yama thinks and comes out with a novel punishment. He says the sinner should be made to see all 3 shows of ''Kanjan'' at a stretch in the local movie theatre. The joke does not end there. The sinner wails and appeals to Yama that being fried in boiling oil and his body being fed to vultures is a more lenient punishment than having to watch the film.

The producers K. Velliangiri and C. Sundaram who were also invitees laughed at the joke. Film historian [[Randor Guy]] wrote in 2010 that the film is "Remembered for its fine music and some of its cast who became major stars later.<ref name="hindu" />

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] while the lyrics were penned by Covai A. Aiyamuthu.<ref name="song book" /> A song ''Mandaril ezhil udayon engal Tamizhan'' (Tamils are the most elegant among mankind). It is said that the producers waited for 6 months after completing the shooting to record this song by Mariyappa.<ref name="hindu" />

{| class="wikitable"
! No !! Song !! Singer !! Lyrics !! Length(m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Inda Ulagini Irukkam Mandaril} || M. M. Mariyappa || rowspan=12|Covai A. Aiyamuthu || 03:16
|-
| 2 || "Varayo Muruga Manala Varuga" || ||
|-
| 3 || "Athai Magale Nillay" || M. M. Mariyappa, K. V. Janaki || 03:14
|-
| 4 || "Vayatrai Pichikku Thenpal" || ||
|-
| 5 || "Kaikku Pathu Valaiyal Venum" || ||
|-
| 6 || "Pichai Karananen" || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || 03:18
|-
| 7 || "Yare Nee Kooraye Mane" || ||
|-
| 8 || "Neelavanilave Adhavan Pole" || K. V. Janaki, Thiruchi Loganathan || 03:06
|-
| 9 || "Kallaneruvan En Ullathaiye" || K. V. Janaki || 03:09
|-
| 10 || "Neersoozhntha Natellam" || M. M. Mariyappa || 02:05
|-
| 11 || "Aaha Ini Yare Puvi Meethe Nampole" || M. M. Mariyappa, K. V. Janaki || 02:09
|-
| 12 || "Vazhka Thamizh Nadu Vazhka Vazhkave" || ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0332173}}

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
[[Category:Lost Indian films]]
[[Category:1947 drama films]]
[[Category:1947 films]]
[[Category:1940s lost films]]
[[Category:Lost drama films]]
[[Category:Jupiter Pictures films]]
[[Category:1947 Indian films]]

John Claude White

2025-12-29T03:21:51Z

Nonebotnone50: adding a biography and citations!

{{Short description|British engineer, civil servant and photographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox person/Wikidata
|fetchwikidata=ALL
}}
'''John Claude White''' (1{{nbsp}}October 1853{{snd}}1918) {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CIE}} was an engineer, photographer, author and civil servant in [[British India]]. From 1889 to 1908, White was the [[Political officer (British Empire)|political officer]] in [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]], then a British protectorate. As part of his remit, he also managed British India's relations with [[Tibet]] and [[Bhutan]].

==Early life==
The son of army surgeon John White (1871–1920) and Louise Henriette (Claude) Pfeffer White, he was born in Calcutta (now [[Kolkata]]), India. His education included a period at [[Rugby School]] for six months in 1868. White later studied at the [[Royal Indian Engineering College]] in Cooper's Hill, Surrey before joining the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] Public Works Department as Assistant Engineer in 1876.<ref name=KCL>{{cite web|title=John Claude White – career|url=http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/a-daughter-of-the-empire/family/jcw-career|publisher=[[King's College London]]|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>

==India and Sikkim==
White originally worked in Bengal, [[Nepal]] and [[Darjeeling]]. In 1883, he was assigned to the [[British Residency]] in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal where he photographed the architecture and monuments.<ref name="Hannavy2013">{{cite book|first1=John|last1=Hannavy|title=Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kd5cAgAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-87327-1|page=1496}}</ref>

In 1889, White was appointed [[Political officer (British Empire)|Political Officer]] in [[Kingdom of Sikkim|Sikkim]] which had come under [[British protectorate]] by this time.<ref name="KCL" /> White served as the Chairman of the Council that advised Sikkim's [[Chogyal]] [[Thutob Namgyal]] whereafter he reorganised Sikkim's administration. He ordered land and mineral surveys and developed unused wasteland. He also established a forestry department and the first police post in [[Aritar]] as well as introducing English apple cultivation in the northern towns of [[Lachung]] and [[Lachen, Sikkim|Lachen]].<ref name="Rai2015">{{cite book|author=Rajiv Rai|title=The State in the Colonial Periphery: A Study on Sikkim's Relation with Great Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mstdCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Partridge Publishing India|isbn=978-1-4828-4871-7}}</ref>

Following the 1890 [[Convention of Calcutta]] signed by Britain and [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]] regarding the Sikkim–Tibet boundary and trade relations with Tibet, White was asked to investigate the location known as "Yatung" ([[Old Yatung]]) in the [[Chumbi Valley]] for the establishment of a trade mart.{{sfn|Younghusband|1910|page=54}} He subsequently reported that although the Chinese were friendly towards him, they "had no authority whatever" and were unable to control the Tibetans. White concluded that "China was suzerain over Tibet only in name".{{sfn|Younghusband|1910|page=54}}{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=August 2022}}
[[File:Durbar of Ugyen Wangchuck, receiving the order of the Knight Commander of the Indian Empire, KCIE, at Punakha, Bhutan, 1905.jpg|thumb|White, seated 4th on left, at the Durbar of [[Ugyen Wangchuck]], who is receiving the order of the Knight Commander of the Indian Empire, at [[Punakha Dzong]], Bhutan, 1905]]

In 1903, the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]], [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], appointed a [[Tibet Frontier Commission]] under [[Francis Younghusband]],<ref name=French>{{cite book|author=Patrick French|title=Younghusband: The Last Great Imperial Adventurer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENfKlCIqAxoC|year=2011|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-196430-0|page=269}}</ref> which led the 1903-04 [[British expedition to Tibet]]. The putative aim of the expedition was to settle disputes over the Sikkim-[[Tibet]] border but in reality it became (by exceeding instructions from London) a ''de facto'' [[History of Tibet|invasion]] of Tibet. White was asked to as the deputy to Younghusband. He was unhappy with this secondment and complained to Lord Curzon. Younghusband saw this as insubordination, as did his masters in [[Shimla]], and the appointment was confirmed.<ref name=French />

White is claimed to have been the only member of the Tibet expedition permitted to photograph [[Lhasa]]'s monasteries.<ref name="Hannavy2013" />

He made five trips to [[Bhutan]] and in 1907 photographed the coronation of the country's [[Ugyen Wangchuck|first king]].<ref name="Hannavy2013" />

==Personal life==
On 12{{nbsp}}September 1876, before departing for India, White married his distant cousin Jessie Georgina Ranken at All Saints Church in Kensington, London. They had a daughter, Beryl born in Bengal in 1877.<ref name=KCL />

==Photography==
White created a rich and detailed photographic account of the culture and scenery of the Himalayas during his travels through the region. John Falconer, curator of photographs at the [[British Library]]’s Oriental and India Office Collections described White's work as "probably one of the last, and certainly among the most impressive products of a tradition of quasi-amateur photography which had flourished among administrators and military personnel in India since the 1850s."<ref>{{cite web|title=John Claude White – politics|url=http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/a-daughter-of-the-empire/family/jcw-politics|publisher=[[King's College London]]|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>

The 2005 book ''In the Shadow of the Himalayas: Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim : a Photographic Record by John Claude White, 1883–1908'' contains an anthology of Himalayan photos taken by White.

==Works==
*{{Cite book|title=Sikhim & Bhutan: Twenty-one years on the North East Frontier 1887–1908|publisher=Edward Arnold|year=1909|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/sikhimbhutantwe00whitgoog}}

==See also==
*[[History of Sikkim]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

;Bibliography
* {{cite book|first=Francis|last=Younghusband|author-link=Francis Younghusband|title=India and Tibet: a history of the relations which have subsisted between the two countries from the time of Warren Hastings to 1910; with a particular account of the mission to Lhasa of 1904 |url=https://archive.org/details/indiatibethistor00younrich|year=1910|publisher=John Murray|location=London}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=In the Shadow of the Himalayas: Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim : a Photographic Record by John Claude White, 1883–1908|first1=Kurt|last1=Meyer|first2=Pamela Deuel|last2=Meyer|publisher=Mapin|year=2005|isbn= 978-1-89-020661-1}}

==External links==
*{{Commonscat-inline}}
*{{wikisource author-inline}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:White, John Claude}}
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1918 deaths]]
[[Category:British expatriates in Nepal]]
[[Category:History of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Indian Engineering College]]
[[Category:Engineers from British India]]
[[Category:Photographers from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:People educated at Rugby School]]

List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Punjabi

2025-12-16T18:22:54Z

Nonebotnone50: new

{{Short description|Winners of a literary honour in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
'''Bal Sahitya Puraskar''' is given each year to writers for their outstanding works in the 24 languages, since 2010.

== Recipients ==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] for their works written in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. The award comprises a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 50,000 and an engraved copper plaque.<ref name="the quint">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018 |url=https://www.thequint.com/hotwire-text/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018 |website=www.thequint.com |date=2018-06-22 |access-date=1 December 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Author
! Work
! Genre
! class="unsortable" |References
|-
| 2010 || Jasbir Bhullar || ''Patal De Githmuthie'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2011 || Darshan Singh Aasht || ''Bujo Bachio Mai Han Kaun? (1-3 vols.)'' || Poetry ||
|-
| 2012 || Manmohan Singh Daun || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2013 || Kamaljit Neelon || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/October-December_2013_Newsletter.pdf |title=Fourth Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar for 2013 were presented to twenty four writers in Indian languages recognised by the Akademi in a grand function held on 15 November 2013 at Goa State Museum Auditorium, Panaji, Goa |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Kulbir Singh Suri || ''Rajkumar Da Supna'' || Stories || <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar November 2014, Awards Presentation Ceremony |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714091455/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/e-newsletter/Nov-Dec_2014_NewsLetter.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Sukhdev Madpuri || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=|archive-date=|page=4-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar for the year 2015 |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |website=www.jagranjosh.com |date=25 June 2015 |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Hriday Pal Singh || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2017 || Satpal Bhikhi || Total Contribution to Children's Literature || ||
|-
| 2018 || Tarsem || ''Tahli Wali Gali'' || Novel || <ref name="the quint"/>
|-
| 2019 || Pawan Harchandpuri || ''Aliens Di Dharti Te'' || Novel ||
|-
| 2020 || [[Karnail Singh Somal]] || ''Phullan Da Shehar'' || Travelogue ||
|-
| 2021 || No Awards || || ||
|-
| 2022 || No Awards || || || <ref>{{cite news |title=मराठी भाषेसाठी बाल साहित्य पुरस्कार |url=https://www.adda247.com/mr/jobs/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2022/ |access-date=13 December 2022 |work=www.adda247.com |date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Gurmeet Karyalvi || ''Sachi Di Kahani'' || Short Stories || <ref>{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2023 |url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_BSP-2023.pdf |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=29 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Kuldeep Singh Deep || ''Mai Jalianwala Bagh Bolda Haan'' || Play ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || Pali Khadim || ''Jadoo Patta'' || Novel || <ref>{{cite web |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2138824 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/bal-sahitya-puraskar-2025-winners-announced-complete-list-of-24-award-recipients/ |access-date=28 October 2025 |agency=Adda 24x7 Current Affairs |date=19 June 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Punjabi]]

== References ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/bal%20sahitya%20samman_suchi.jsp Bal Sahitya Puraskar-Sahitya Akademi India - Official Website]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Literary awards by language]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian award winners]]
[[Category:Bal Sahitya Puraskar by language]]

Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-14T09:05:23Z

Nonebotnone50: adding a stub...

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chitradurga
| type = LS
| map_image ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok_Sabha_constituencies/2019/Karnataka/Chitradurga.map}}
| map_caption = Chitradurga Lok Sabha Constituency Map
| established = 2008
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| mp = [[Govind Karjol]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
|reservation=SC
|assembly_cons=[[Molakalmuru (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Molakalmuru]] [[Challakere (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Challakere]] [[Chitradurga Assembly constituency|Chitradurga]] [[Hiriyur (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Hiriyur]] [[Hosadurga (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Hosadurga]] [[Holalkere (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Holalkere]] [[Sira Assembly constituency|Sira]] [[Pavagada Assembly constituency|Pavagada]]
}}
[[File:Chitradurga Lok Sabha Constituency Map with district boundary (2009 - Present).pdf|thumb|]]
'''Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 28 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Karnataka]] state in southern [[India]]. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]]<ref name="eci">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=207}}</ref> This constituency covers the entire [[Chitradurga district]] and part of [[Tumkur district]].

==Assembly segments==
Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the following eight [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] segments:<ref name="eci"/>
{| class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2"|Party Leading (in [[2024 Indian general election|2024]])
|-
|97
|[[Molakalmuru Assembly constituency|Molakalmuru]] (ST)
| rowspan="6" |[[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]]
|[[N. Y. Gopalakrishna]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|98
|[[Challakere Assembly constituency|Challakere]] (ST)
|[[T. Raghumurthy]]
|-
|99
|[[Chitradurga Assembly constituency|Chitradurga]]
|[[K. C. Veerendra Puppy]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
|100
|[[Hiriyur Assembly constituency|Hiriyur]]
|[[D. Sudhakar]]
|-
|101
|[[Hosadurga Assembly constituency|Hosadurga]]
|[[B. G. Govindappa]]
|-
|102
|[[Holalkere Assembly constituency|Holalkere]] (SC)
|[[M. Chandrappa]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|136
|[[Sira Assembly constituency|Sira]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Tumakuru district|Tumkur]]
|[[T. B. Jayachandra]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|137
|[[Pavagada Assembly constituency|Pavagada]] (SC)
|[[H. V. Venkatesh]]
|}

==Members of Parliament==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
| [[S. Nijalingappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| [[J. Mohammed Imam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| J. Veerabasappa
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| [[J. Mohammed Imam]]
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
| rowspan="3" | [[K. Mallanna]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| K. H. Ranganath
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" | [[C. P. Mudalagiriyappa]]
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| P. Kondandaramaiah
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[C. P. Mudalagiriyappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| [[Shashi Kumar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[N. Y. Hanumanthappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| [[Janardhana Swamy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| [[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| [[A. Narayanaswamy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Govind Karjol]]
|}

== Election results ==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Chitradurga]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Govind Karjol]]
|votes = 684,890
|percentage = 50.11
|change ={{decrease}}0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|votes = 6,36,769
|percentage = 46.58
|change = {{increase}}2.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 3,190
|percentage = 0.23
|change = {{down}}0.12
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 48,121
|percentage = 3.53
|change ={{decrease}}2.95
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,67,995
|percentage = 73.65
|change = {{increase}}2.85
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = INC
|swing = {{decrease}}0.15}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Chitradurga]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[A. Narayanswamy]]
|votes = 6,26,195
|percentage = 50.26
|change = {{up}}16.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|votes = 5,46,017
|percentage = 43.82
|change = {{up}}1.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = C. U. Mahanthesh
|votes = 8,907
|percentage = 0.71
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|candidate = N. T. Vijayakumar
|votes = 8,707
|percentage = 0.70
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 4,368
|percentage = 0.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 80,178
|percentage = 6.48
|change = {{down}}2.76
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,46,506
|percentage = 70.80
|change = {{up}}4.73
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Chitradurga]]<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.indiavotes.com/pc/detail/7930/43/16 |title = Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency results 2014}}</ref> }}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[B. N. Chandrappa]]
|votes = 4,67,372
|percentage = 42.64
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Janardhana Swamy]]
|votes = 3,66,220
|percentage = 33.40
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = Gullihatty D. Shekhar
|votes = 2,02,108
|percentage = 18.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Mohana Dashari
|votes = 14,226
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,01,291
|percentage = 9.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,97,666
|percentage = 66.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Chitradurga district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/karnataka/chitradurga/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Chitradurga lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|14.2|76.4|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitradurga Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Chitradurga district]]

Neela (horse)

2025-12-13T20:03:13Z

Nonebotnone50:

{{Short description|Horse of Guru Gobind Singh}}
{{Infobox animal|image=Possible depiction of Neela (blue horse of Guru Gobind Singh) from a painting of Maharaja Sidh Sen Receiving an Embassy, including Guru Gobind Singh in 1701 (cropped).jpg|image caption=Possible depiction of Neela, from a painting of Maharaja Sidh Sen of [[Mandi State|Mandi]] receiving an embassy, including Guru Gobind Singh, in 1701.|species=[[Horse]]|breed=Neela Ghora|sex=Male|birth_date=circa second half of the 17th century|owner=[[Guru Gobind Singh]]|appearance=Blue|death_date=Unknown (possibly 1708)|role=Mount|tricks=}}

'''Neela''', alternatively spelt as '''Nila''', was a ''Neela Ghora'' ("blue horse") that belonged to [[Guru Gobind Singh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Gurmukh |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University, Patiala |year=2011 |isbn=978-8173803499 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=3 (M–R) |pages=231}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=I. J. |date=31 December 2010 |title=A Man and His Horse |url=https://sikhchic.com/article-detail.php?id=2090&cat=12 |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=sikhchic}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last1=Fenech |first1=Louis E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=McLeod |first2=W. H. |date=11 June 2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781442236011 |edition=3rd |pages=229}}</ref> Similar to how [[Hindu deities|Indic deities]] are associated with a mount, known as a ''[[vahana]]'', some have connected Neela as being a vahana of the Sikh guru.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kapur |title=Pārāśarapraśna: The Baisakhi of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Guru Nanak Dev University |year=2001 |isbn=9788177700145 |edition=3rd |pages=148–150}}</ref>

== History ==
Guru Gobind Singh learnt horsemanship at an early-age from his maternal uncle, Kirpal Chand.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2015 |title=Five Most Important Horses in the Sikh History |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/five-most-important-horses-sikh-history |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=SikhNet (originally published by The Kalgidhar Society)}}</ref> It is unknown how Neela came into the possession of the Sikh guru, the horse may have been a gift from a royal dignitary or a devotee.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=5 August 2014 |title=A story about Guru Gobind Singh Ji's – Neela Ghora/Blue Horse |url=https://barusahib.org/general/guru-gobind-singh-jis-blue-horse/ |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=Kalgidhar Society - Baru Sahib}}</ref> Neela was a dark-coloured [[stallion]] that was favoured and loved by Guru Gobind Singh.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |title=Spaces and Places in Western India: Formations and Delineations |date=5 September 2019 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781000691559 |editor-last=Sengar |editor-first=Bina |editor-last2=McMillin |editor-first2=Laurie Hovell}}</ref> Neela can be found in [[Sakhi|Sikh legends]], forming part of the archetypal imagination of Guru Gobind Singh, seated on him.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |title=Baj: The Hawk and the Sikhs |url=https://drishtimagazine.com/baj-the-hawk-and-the-sikhs/ |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=Drishti Magazine|date=15 April 2022 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Bhatti |first=Harvinder Singh |title=Folk Religion: Change and Continuity |publisher=Rawat Publications |year=2000 |isbn=9788170336082 |pages=84}}</ref> The horse earned Guru Gobind Singh the ''Neelay Ghoray Walla'' (nīle ghoṛe vālā) and ''Nile Ghore da Asvar'' appellations, both meaning "rider of the blue horse".<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Madanjit |title=Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective |date=15 May 2021 |publisher=Unistar Books |isbn=9788189899554 |pages=230}}</ref> Neela would have been similar to [[Roan (horse)|blue roan horses]].<ref name=":2" />

The horse appears in many Sikh stories, where its traits, such as agility, boldness, steadfastness, and intelligence, are exalted.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |title=A Historian's Approach to Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Singh Bros. |year=2004 |isbn=9788172053062 |pages=141}}</ref> Sikh lore claims that when Guru Gobind Singh was riding Neela whilst returning from Anandgarh, it would not enter a tobacco field and reared up in front of it.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Balwinder |title=Fifty-two Commandments of Guru Gobind Singh |publisher=Singh Bros. |year=2004 |isbn=9788172053246 |pages=5}}</ref> The guru tried to entice the horse to continue onward, but it refused to do so, leading to the guru to put his heels into the body of the horse, but it remained at a stand-still.<ref name=":6" /> It was only after that it was realized that the field that lay ahead was sown with tobacco.<ref name=":6" />
[[File:Guru Gobind Singh, 19th century depiction.jpg|thumb|Guru Gobind Singh on Neela, ca.1830]]
A miraculous Sikh tale that involves Neela narrates that when Guru Gobind Singh and his horse visited the present-day location of Gurdwara Putthi Sahib whilst coming back from Anandpur Sahib, they came upon a worker baking bricks in a furnace (known as a ''putthi'').<ref name=":3" /> Guru Gobind Singh asked the worker if there was a resting place in the vicinity, to which the worker responded by gesturing toward the furnace and mockingly told the Sikh guru to rest in the furnace if he is truly a guru.<ref name=":3" /> Whilst Sikhism is against public displays of miracles, this challenge was apparently too much for the Sikh guru to not address and the tale claims that the guru instructed Neela to trample the mud around the furnace and touched the side of the furnace with one of its hooves, causing the furnace to instantly cool down.<ref name=":3" /> Ordinarily, those kinds of traditional furnaces would take around a week to cool down.<ref name=":3" /> The story continues that the guru and his horse rested in the furnace overnight.<ref name=":3" /> Gurdwara Putthi Sahib was later constructed over the site and it is claimed that impressions of Neela's hoof marks are still preserved in the now solidified mud.<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Cremation of Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded.jpg|thumb|Cremation of Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded]]
According to a Sikh account regarding the cremation of Guru Gobind Singh at present-day Hazur Sahib in Nanded, written by Santokh Singh in the first half of the 19th century, the guru is said to have ridden his blue horse into his funeral pyre.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bowie |first1=Fiona |title=The Coming Deliverer: Millennial Themes in World Religions |last2=Deacy |first2=Christopher |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=1997 |isbn=9780708313381 |pages=72–73}}</ref>

There are historical [[Sikh painting]]s which depict Guru Gobind Singh mounted on a blue-coloured horse.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ikeda |first=Atsushi |title=Portraying the Guru: Art, Devotion and Identity in Sikhism |date=24 September 2024 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=9781837652389 |pages=226}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Gobind Singh, 1830 |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/guru-gobind-singh/XQG8BZEcGEn-JA |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=Google Arts and Culture}}</ref>
[[File:Mural depicting the Sikh gurus, Bhai Mardana, Bhai Bala, and Guru Gobind Singh's blue-horse Neela, from the Dalla familial samadh, Talwandi Sabo, ca.1710–40.jpg|thumb|Mural depicting the Sikh gurus, Bhai Mardana, Bhai Bala, and Guru Gobind Singh's blue-horse Neela, from the Bhai Dalla samadh at Talwandi Sabo, ca.1710–1740]]
Some of the horses kept in the stables of Hazur Sahib in Nanded are said to be descended from Neela's lineage.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Arquilevich |first=Gabriel |title=World Religions |publisher=Teacher Created Resources |year=1995 |isbn=9781557346247 |pages=244 |chapter=Sikh Holy Places}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Nikky-Guninder Kaur |title=Sikhism |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=9781438117799 |pages=107}}</ref> However the original blue colour has been diluted over the generations to a grey-white colour.<ref name=":3" /> These special horses are elaborately decorated and brought-out during ''[[Hola Mohalla|Hola Maholla]]'' and ''[[Gurpurb|Gurpurab]]'' celebrations, however nobody is allowed to mount them out of reverence.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> The lead horse during these Hola Maholla processions at Hazur Sahib is led by a white horse that is believed to be descended from Neela.<ref name=":4" /> Two specific descendants of Neela at Takht Hazur Sahib are horses named Jodha Singh and Anmol Singh.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Advance |publisher=Public Relations Department, Punjab (India) |volume=48 |pages=35}}</ref>

== Popular culture ==
In a work emulating one by the poet Pilu by Kishan Singh Arif, he includes Neela as one of the seven horses that are descended from Heaven, alongside the mare from the [[Mirza Sahiban|Mirza Sahiba]] folktale known as Bakki.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sekhon |first=Sant Singh |title=A History of Panjabi Literature |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |year=1993 |isbn=9788173802638 |location=Patiala |pages=79}}</ref>

In the aftermath of [[Operation Blue Star]], many Sikhs refused to accept that [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]] had been killed in the ensuing violence, believing that a blue-horse from Heaven had come down to take him away.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep Singh |title=Ethnic Subnationalist Insurgencies in South Asia: Identities, Interests and Challenges to State Authority |date=24 March 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317557067 |pages=79 |chapter=The Khalistan Movement in Punjab}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{Guru Gobind Singh}}

[[Category:Individual horses]]

{{Undercategorized|date=July 2024}}

Lunej

2025-12-07T15:10:50Z

Nonebotnone50: updated references and added references for accuracy

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lunej
| settlement_type = Village
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Anand district|Anand]]
| subdivision_type3 = Taluka
| subdivision_name3 = Khambhat
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| leader_name = Jorubhai Bharvad
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'''Lunej''' is a village in [[Khambhat]] taluka of [[Anand district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. The main occupation of the people of Lunej village is agriculture, farming and animal husbandry. The first oil well in Gujarat was founded in Lunej.<ref>{{cite book |last= વશરામ|first=પટેલ |date=October 2017|title=સામાજીક વિજ્ઞાન|url= http://eliberty.in/liberty-samajik-vigyan-2000-hetulaxi-prashno-2018-edition-pid4399.html|location= અમદાવાદ|publisher= લિબર્ટી પબ્લિકેશન્સ|page= 6|isbn= 978-93-85276-24-8|author-link= }}</ref><ref name='BS'>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2013 |title=India's first oil well turns 50 |work= [[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-s-first-oil-well-turns-50-108091001021_1.html |access-date=14 January 2024 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Anand district}}

[[Category:Villages in Anand district]]

{{Anand-geo-stub}}

Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary

2025-11-27T12:59:15Z

Nonebotnone50:

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2008}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| map = India Maharashtra#India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| location = Sangli district, Maharashtra, India
| area = 10.87 km²
| established = 1985
}}
'''Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2022 |title=Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary
|url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_16_18_00011_198629_1517807327582&type=notification&filename=Sagareshwar%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary,%20Maharashtra.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027092430/https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_16_18_00011_198629_1517807327582&type=notification&filename=Sagareshwar%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary,%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=Indiacode.nic.in |language=English
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2020 |title=Yashwantrao Chavan Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary
|url=http://www.mahaecotourism.gov.in/ecotourism/en/yashwantrao-chavan-sagareshwar-wildlife-sacntuary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101094254/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/http://www.mahaecotourism.gov.in/ecotourism/en/yashwantrao-chavan-sagareshwar-wildlife-sacntuary |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 Nov 2022 |website=mahaecotourism.gov.in |language=English
}}</ref> is a [[protected area]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is located at the meeting of three [[Tehsil]]s of [[Sangli district]]: [[Kadegaon]], [[Walva]] and [[Palus, Maharashtra|Palus]]. The [[wildlife sanctuary]] is man-made; it is an artificially cultivated [[forest]] without a perennial supply of water, and most of the wildlife species were [[introduced species|artificially introduced]]. It has an area of 10.87 km2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2017 |title=वन पर्यटन : सागरेश्वर वन्यजीव अभयारण्य|url=https://www.loksatta.com/lokbhramanti/sagareshwar-wildlife-sanctuary-1478665/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027095919/https://www.loksatta.com/lokbhramanti/sagareshwar-wildlife-sanctuary-1478665/ |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=[[Loksatta]]|language=Marathi
}}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==

The sanctuary is forested, but with grassy hill slopes. The forests are southern dry mixed [[deciduous]] and southern thorn forest. Protection from [[grazing]] and [[forest fire]] has resulted in good regeneration of dry deciduous species. The forest department introduced many plants in the area, including [[Tamarind]], [[Neem]], [[Nilgiri tea|Nilgiri]], [[Acacia]], [[Agave]], and [[Capparis decidua|Khair]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2013 |title=15 years for a green revolution|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/travel/article/15-years-for-a-green-revolution-235336 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101102946/https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/travel/article/15-years-for-a-green-revolution-235336 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |language=English
}}</ref>

Large animals found in the sanctuary include several types of deer ([[Sambar Deer]], [[Blackbuck]]s, [[Muntjac]], [[Chital]]) as well as [[wild boar]] and [[peacock]]s. Small carnivores like [[fox]] and [[porcupine]]s are also found in the area. A large number of insects, birds and reptiles such as [[Pythonidae|python]]s and other snakes are also present.

==Tourism==

The sanctuary is a popular tourist destination, with the peak tourism season being from August to February. The most popular tourist activity is hiking to the top of a hill in the sanctuary, from which one can see the [[Krishna River]] flowing through fields of [[sugarcane]] and [[Vitis|grapevines]]. Also in the area are numerous shrines to [[Shiva]] which were built during the [[Chalukya dynasty]], and the Krishna Valley Wine Park in [[Palus, Maharashtra|Palus]]. [[Kundal]], the region around Sangli, was the capital of the [[Chalukyas]], a historical place.

== About Sagareshwar ==
The Sagareshwar sanctuary has much religious, cultural and archaeological significance. The sanctuary derives its name from an ancient famous Shiva temple that attracts a large number of devotees. It actually consists of one large temple and a complex of 51 small temples, all from the [[Satvahana period]]. You will find the Kamal Bhairao temple, partially hewn from hard basalt rock perched on the edge of a steep cliff. The entrance to the temple is through a narrow tunnel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2018 |title=Trekking down India's first man made wildlife sanctuary|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/trekking-down-indias-first-man-made-wildlife-sanctuary/articleshow/63661358.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101101947/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolhapur/trekking-down-indias-first-man-made-wildlife-sanctuary/articleshow/63661358.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref>

==How to reach Sagareshwar==
* [[Sangli]] - 49 km
* [[Mumbai]] - 334 km
* [[Pune]] - 192 km
* [[Bangalore]] - 670 km

===Nearest Railway Stations===
* [[Sangli railway station]] - 49 km
* [[Miraj railway junction]] - 55 km
* [[Kirloskarvadi railway station|Kirloskarvadi]] (palus) - 11 km
* [[Takari]] (walwa) - 5 km

All mail, express and superfast trains stop at [[Sangli railway station|Sangli]] and [[Miraj Junction railway station|Miraj]] railway stations. [[MSRTC]] buses, private cars and auto rickshaws are available from [[Sangli]], [[Palus, Maharashtra|Palus]] and [[Miraj]] to Sagareshwar.
Local passenger trains and few express trains stop at [[Kirloskarvadi railway station|Kirloskarvadi]] and Takari stations. It is recommended to get down at Takari railway station and proceed to Sagareshwar. Many people reach Sagareshwar by walking from Takari station.

=== Nearest Bus Stations ===
* Karad - 28 km
* Miraj - 55 km
* Kundal -8 km
* Kirloskarvadi - 11 km
* Palus - 12 km
* Takari - 5 km
*Deorashtre 2 km

Take MSRTC buses from Sangli/Miraj and alight at Takari. Sagareshwar is 15 km from [[Palus, Maharashtra|Palus]] bus station. You can walk down or take an auto rickshaw from Takari. It is recommended that you can take a private car from Sangli and reach Sagareshwar Hill Top Points.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sangli district topics}}
{{coord|17.153213|N|74.376730|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sangli district]]
[[Category:Protected areas with year of establishment missing]]

Prabhu Jagadbandhu

2025-11-27T06:21:37Z

Nonebotnone50: quick rework layout for consistency also and improved wording

{{Short description|Bengal Vaishnava religious leader}}
{{self-published|date=January 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
|honorific prefix = Sri Sri
|name = Prabhu Jagadbandhu
|honorific suffix = Sundar
|image = Prabhu Jagadbandhu.jpg
|caption =
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1871|4|28|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Murshidabad]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|birth_name =
|full_name =
|death_date = {{death date and age|1921|09|17|1871|4|28|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Faridpur, Bangladesh|Faridpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|spouse =
|known_for =
|founder = [[Mahanam Sampradaya]]
|guru =
|philosophy = [[Bhakti Yoga]]
|honors =
|literary_works = ''Sangkirtan Padamrta'' and other ''[[Kirtan]]'' songs
|disciples =
}}

'''Prabhu Jagadbandhu''' was a Hindu religious person from [[Bengal]].{{sfn|Mandal|2012}} He spent much of his life meditating and preaching at the [[Sri Angan]] ashram in modern India and Bangladesh. His teachings inspired the founding of a Krishnaite [[Hindu reform movements|Hindu revival movement]] in the last decade of the 19th century<ref name="Carney">{{cite book |surname=Carney |given=Gerald T. |chapter=Baba Premananda Bharati: his trajectory into and through Bengal Vaiṣṇavism to the West |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hTADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135 |title=The Legacy of Vaiṣṇavism in Colonial Bengal |editor1=Ferdinando Sardella |editor2=Lucian Wong |year=2020 |place=Milton, Oxon; New York |publisher=Routledge |pages=140–141 |isbn=978-1-138-56179-3 |series=Routledge Hindu Studies Series}}</ref> and later on [[Mahanam Sampradaya]], a monastic organisation. His devotees equate him with and also believes that he is [[Krishna]] and [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].

==Early life==
In April 1871 (16th [[Baishakh]], 1278 BS), Prabhu Jagadbandhu was born in the village of Dahapara in the [[Murshidabad district]], within the [[Bengal Presidency]] of [[British India]]. His father, Dinanauth Chakravarty Nyayratna, was a Brahmin scholar. Dinanauth held the honorific title of ‘Nyayratna’ and made significant contributions to the region's scholarly heritage through his teaching. His mother’s name was Bamadevi.<ref>{{cite web | title=Prabhu Jagadandhu (Life Briefly Penned)| website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/stream/LiliaLifeOfPrabhuJagatbandhuSunder/prabhu_JagatBandhu_book_KLD_djvu.txt | access-date=2025-11-21}}</ref>

Prabhu Jagadbandhu spent his childhood in a Vaishnava family in Gobindapur, Faridpur. His formal schooling began at the local Banga Vidyalaya. He subsequently studied up to the third grade at Faridpur High School. Later, after a brief stint at Ranchi H.E. School and finally continuing his studies up to the first grade at Pabna Zilla School, his formal institutional education concluded at the age of approximately sixteen. Under the direct tutelage of his father, he studied Sanskrit grammar, Nyaya Shastra (logic), and major Vaishnava scriptures such as the Bhagavata Purana.
When their ancestral homestead was lost to riverbank erosion by the Padma, Prabhu Jagadbandhu, then approximately twelve years old, relocated to Brahmankanda village and subsequently to the Pabna region. During his stay in Pabna, at around the age of sixteen, he used to spend long periods beneath a Keli-Kadamba tree.<ref>{{cite web | title=Life and Teachings of Prabhu Jagadandhu| url=https://ia800608.us.archive.org/21/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.461540/2015.461540.Life-And_text.pdf | access-date=2025-11-21}}</ref>

==Life and teachings==
Prabhu Jagadbandhu was born on 28 April 1871 in [[Murshidabad]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]], to the family of a [[Sanskrit]] scholar.{{sfn|Mandal|2012}} His birthday, on [[Sita Navami]], is celebrated as ''Bandhu Navami''. He was devout and always sung ''[[Kirtan#Styles of Hindu Kirtan|Kirtans]]'' to [[Krishna]] and [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].

Prabhu Jagadbandu summarised his teachings:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Collection by|first=Brahmachari Parimalbadhu Das|title=Bandhu Ved Bani [Veda quotes of Bandhu]|publisher=Sri Mahanambrata Cultural and Welfare Trust|location=Kolkata, India|pages=1}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=Show kindness and compassion and do well to all people. Make a free gift of religion to all. Initiation in the hallowed name of Hari is the sure means of attaining salvation (i.e; deliverance from all agonies and sufferings). This is the secret of salvation. This is the secret of eternal good done to others.|author=Prabhu Jagadbandu|title=|source=}}

Prabhu Jagadbandu composed eight books on the worship of God through kirtan: ''Shrimatisangkirtan'', ''Shrimansangkirtan'', ''Bibidhasabgit'' (the first three were printed together under the title of ''Sangkirtan Padamrta''), ''Shrisangkirtan'', ''Padavali'', ''Shrishriharikatha'', ''Chandrapath'', ''Trikal'', and ''Uddharana''.{{sfn|Mandal|2012}}

Prabhu Jagadbandu died on 17 September 1921 in [[Faridpur, Bangladesh|Faridpur]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] near the [[Sri Angan]] ashram. His remains are worshipped through the sandalwood casket that preserves his holy body. All of his followers believes that he will someday come out from the sandalwood casket after hearing the Mahanam Mahakirtan.

[[Prabhu Jagatbandhu College]] in [[Howrah]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]], is named after him.

==See also==
* [[Mahanambrata Brahmachari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite book |last=Mandal |first=Paresh Chandra |year=2012 |chapter=Jagadbandhu |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jagadbandhu |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* [http://bdadinfo.com/dhaka/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0/Prabhu Jagadbandhu] in Bengali

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagadbandhu, Prabhu}}
[[Category:Bengali Hindu saints]]
[[Category:Devotees of Krishna]]
[[Category:Founders of new religious movements]]
[[Category:Gaudiya religious leaders]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Hindu mystics]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]
[[Category:Kirtan performers]]
[[Category:People considered avatars by their followers]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:Vaishnavite religious leaders]]
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]

Vishweshwaraiah Prakash

2025-11-25T07:49:24Z

Nonebotnone50: Data

{{Short description|Indian structural biologist and food technologist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vishweshwaraiah Prakash
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 23 November 1951
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Structural biologist Food technologist
| yearsactive =
| known for = Food technology
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] [[Mysore University|MY]] Golden Jubilee Award P. S. Sarma Memorial Award Laljee Godhoo Smarak Nidhi Award [[Rajyotsava Prashasthi]] Independence Golden Jubilee Award Prof. V. Subramanyan Industrial Achievement Award CFTRI Best Alumnus
YayAward Soilendra Krishna Mitra Memorial Award [[DuPont]] Protein Technologies International Award [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|FICCI]] Award Kashalkar Memorial Award [[Government of Karnataka|GoK]] Lifetime Achievement Award SCI Lifetime Achievement Award [[International Union of Food Science and Technology|IUoFST]] Lifetime Achievement Award
}}
'''Vishweshwaraiah Prakash''' is an Indian structural biologist, food technologist and a former director-general designate of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR).<ref name="Dr Vishweshwaraiah Prakash will be the new DG">{{cite web | url=http://www.nal.res.in/pages/ipnov06.htm | title=Dr Vishweshwaraiah Prakash will be the new DG | publisher=NAL | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> He is a former director of the [[Central Food Technological Research Institute]] (CFTRI), [[Mysore]]<ref name="Indian to head international food science and technology body">{{cite magazine | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/indian-to-head-international-food-science-and-technology-body-31659-2008-10-15 | title=Indian to head international food science and technology body | magazine=India Today | date=15 October 2008 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> and was involved with the [[International Union of Food Science and Technology]] as the chairman of its International Academy during 2008-10.<ref name="Presidents of the Academy (IAFoST)">{{cite web | url=http://www.iufost.org/academy-fellows | title=Presidents of the Academy (IAFoST) | publisher=International Union of Food Science and Technology | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015 | archive-date=5 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105040322/http://www.iufost.org/academy-fellows | url-status=dead }}</ref> He received the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], the highest Indian award in the science and technology category in 1996.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=238 | title=Brief Profile of the Awardee | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] in 2004,<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Awards | publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India | date=2015 | access-date=21 July 2015 | archive-date=15 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Prakash was born in the south Indian state of [[Karnataka]] on 23 November 1951,<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee" /> graduated (BSc) from Mysore University and followed it up with a master's degree (MS) from the same institution.<ref name="Prakash Receives Lifetime Achievement Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/5615361/Prakash_Receives_Lifetime_Achievement_Award.html | title=Prakash Receives Lifetime Achievement Award | publisher=Chemistry Views | date=19 November 2013 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> Later, he secured his doctoral degree (PhD) from [[University of Mysore]] in 1976 and, obtaining a fellowship, he moved to US in 1976 and did post-doctoral research at [[Texas Medical Centre]] in Houston and [[Brandeis University]], Boston till 1980.<ref name="Prakash Receives Lifetime Achievement Award" /> He returned to India in 1981 and joined [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) as a Pool Officer at their Mysore research unit, [[Central Food Technological Research Institute]] (CFTRI). He served the organization for several years and became its director in 1994.{{cn|date=February 2020}} He headed the centre for 13 years till his appointment as the director-general of CSIR in December 2006 and was supposed to take charge in January 2007, but did not assume office.<ref name="List of Former DGs">{{cite web | url=http://www.csir.res.in/Home.aspx?MenuId=2 | title=List of Former DGs | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702134459/http://www.csir.res.in/Home.aspx?MenuId=2 | archive-date=2 July 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2008,<ref name="Indian to head international food science and technology body" /> he was selected as the president of the International Academy of the [[International Union of Food Science and Technology]] (IAFoST), a global association of food technologists and held the office till 2010.<ref name="Presidents of the Academy (IAFoST)" />

Prakash is known to have done extensive research in [[structural homology]] of seed proteins and the ''association-dissociation and denaturation profiles of these proteins''. His work is reported to have assisted in the understanding of the behaviour of several seed proteins from a stability perspective and revealed more about their structural biology.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee" /> His research findings have been documented by way of over 200 articles published in CFTRI publications<ref name="Items where Author is Vishweshwaraiah, Prakash">{{cite web | url=http://ir.cftri.com/view/creators/Vishweshwaraiah=3APrakash=3A=3A.default.html | title=Items where Author is "Vishweshwaraiah, Prakash" | publisher=CFTRI | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> and other peer reviewed national and international journals.<ref name="PUBLICATIONS AUTHORED BY VISHWESHWARAIAH PRAKASH">{{cite web | url=http://www.pubfacts.com/author/Vishweshwaraiah+Prakash | title=PUBLICATIONS AUTHORED BY VISHWESHWARAIAH PRAKASH | publisher=Pubfacts | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> His researches are known to have wide-ranging applications in commercial food industry and he holds 50 patents,<ref name="Dr Vishweshwaraiah Prakash receives Lifetime Achievement Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.soci.org/news/awards/other/vishweshwaraiah-prakash | title=Dr Vishweshwaraiah Prakash receives Lifetime Achievement Award | publisher=SCI | date=6 December 2013 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> some of them on preserved sugar cane juice, coconut sap ([[Neera]]) and baked snacks.<ref name="Patents by Inventor Vishweshwaraiah Prakash">{{cite web | url=http://patents.justia.com/inventor/vishweshwaraiah-prakash | title=Patents by Inventor Vishweshwaraiah Prakash | publisher=Justia Patents | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref> Besides, he has written six books and 20 review chapters;<ref name="High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) ">{{cite web | url=http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/hlpe/hlpe_documents/PT_Food_Losses/Docs/HLPE_Food_Losses_Waste_Team_3-September-2013_DEF.pdf | title=High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) | publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization | date=3 September 2013 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> ''Leafy spices'', a reference guide on the botanical and agricultural aspects of agro-products yielding essential oils of leafy spices, is one among them.<ref name="Leafy spices">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSgjAQAAMAAJ | title=Leafy spices | publisher=CRC Press | author=Vishweshwaraiah Prakash | year=1990 | pages=114 | isbn=9780849367236}}</ref> During his tenure as the head of CFTRI, he established the ''Advanced School of Protein Chemistry and Technology'', for advanced research.<ref name="Indian to head international food science and technology body" /> His contributions are also reported behind the CFTRI initiative to supply 200,000 food packages to the victims of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]] that hit the Indian coasts, along with other areas.<ref name="Indian to head international food science and technology body" />

Prakash serves as the president of two major food-related organizations, namely, the International Society of Nutraceuticals And Nutritionals (ISNAN), and Indian Academy of Nutraceuticals and Nutritionals (IANAN), and is a former president of the Nutrition Society of India (NSI).<ref name="OFFICE BEARERS">{{cite web | url=http://www.nutritionsocietyindia.org/Download_files/OfficeBearers.pdf | title=OFFICE BEARERS | publisher=Nutrition Society of India | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> During his stint at CFTRI, he coordinated the activities of the [[United Nations University]] at the institution and chaired the ''[[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO) panel on Food Losses and Food Wastes''<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.jirs.ac.in/pdf/2013-14/Profile-DrVPrakash.pdf | title=Jain International Residential School profile | publisher=Jain International Residential School | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>
as well as the ''FAO High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition'' (HLPE).<ref name="High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) " /> He serves as a member of the Editorial Board of ''Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety'', a journal published by the [[Institute of Food Technologists]],<ref name="Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety">{{cite journal | title=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety | journal=Institute of Food Technologists | date=May 2013 | volume=12 | issue=3 |pages = i| issn=1541-4337| doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2013.00206.x | doi-access=free }}</ref> chairs the Advisory Board of the NuFFooDS Magazine,<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile" /> and sits in the executive editorial Board of the ''Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture'', published by [[John Wiley & Sons]].<ref name="Executive editorial board">{{cite journal | url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0010/homepage/EditorialBoard.html | title=Executive editorial board | publisher=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015| doi=10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0010 | hdl=11390/1148750 | hdl-access=free | url-access=subscription }}</ref> He is an IUoFST visiting faculty at [[Saigon Technology University]] and an adjunct professor of Nutrition at the [[Tufts University]], Boston.<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile" /> He chairs the ''Task Force on Nutritionals and [[Nutraceuticals]]'' of International Union of Nutritional Sciences and Technology and the Research Advisory Committee of the [[Central Institute of Fisheries Technology]] (CIFT), Kochi. He is also a member-at-large of the Global Harmonization Initiative (GHI), a scientific community facilitating scientific advancement in food technology.<ref name="GHI Officers">{{cite web | url=http://www.globalharmonization.net/ghi_officers | title=GHI Officers | publisher=Global Harmonization Initiative | date=2015 | access-date=16 November 2015}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
[[Indian Academy of Sciences]] elected Prakash as their fellow in 1995<ref name="IAS Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/listing/fellows | title=IAS Fellows | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> and [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] followed suit in 1998.<ref name="NAAS Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://naasindia.org/fdetail.html#P039 | title=NAAS Fellow | publisher=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> The [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] honoured him with Fellowship in 2002<ref name="NASI Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=P | title=NASI Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044529/http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=P | url-status=dead }}</ref> and the next year, the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] elected him as a [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry|Fellow]].<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile" /> He is also an elected Fellow of the [[International Union of Food Science and Technology]],<ref name="Presidents of the Academy (IAFoST)" /> [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]],<ref name="INAE Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://inae.in/fellowship-engineering-sections-i-to-x/#SECTION-IV | title=INAE Fellows | publisher=Indian National Academy of Engineering | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> Indian Academy of Social Sciences and the Association of Food Scientists and Technologists, India (2008).<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile" /><ref name="NAAS Fellow" />

Prakash, a Distinguished Scientist of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]],<ref name="OFFICE BEARERS" /> is reported to have received over 55 awards including award lectures,<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile" /> starting with the 1988 Golden Jubilee Award of [[Mysore University]], followed by ''P. S. Sarma Memorial Award'' of the Society of Biological Chemists (India) in 1989<ref name="P. S. Sarma Memorial Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/sbci/psmaward.html | title=P. S. Sarma Memorial Award | publisher=Society Of Biological Chemists | date=2015 | access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> and ''Laljee Godhoo Smarak Nidhi Award'' of the Association of Food Scientists and Technologists, India in 1992.<ref name="NAAS Fellow" /> He was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] of the CSIR, the highest Indian science award, in 1996<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee" /> and the Government of Karnataka awarded him the second highest civilian award of the state, [[Rajyotsava Prashasthi]], the same year.<ref name="Jain International Residential School profile" /> He received the Indian Independence Golden Jubilee Award in 1997 and two awards, Prof. V. Subramanyan Industrial Achievement Award and CFTRI Best Alumnus Award, in 1999. All India Food Processors' Association (AIFPA) honoured him with Soilendra Krishna Mitra Memorial Award in 2000 and the year 2001 brought him two more awards, DuPont Protein Technologies International Award and [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|FICCI]] Award in Life Sciences and Agriculture, followed by Kashalkar Memorial Award in 2003.<ref name="NAAS Fellow" />

The Government of India included Prakash in the 2004 [[Indian honours system|Republic Day honours]] list for the civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="Padma Awards" /> The Government of Karnataka honoured him again with ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' in 2012<ref name="NAAS Fellow" /> and the Lifetime Achievement Award of SCI, UK reached him in 2013,<ref name="Dr Vishweshwaraiah Prakash receives Lifetime Achievement Award" /> the same year as he received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the [[International Union of Food Science and Technology]].<ref name="Prakash Receives Lifetime Achievement Award" /> 38th B.C. Guha Memorial Lecture Award of the [[Indian Science Congress]] (2001), 6th Golden Jubilee Commemorative Talk Award of the [[Central Institute of Fisheries Technology]] (2007), 19th Srikantia Memorial Lecture Award of Nutrition Society of India (2007), C. Ramachandran Memorial Lecture Award of NFI (2007) and Dr. Rajammal P. Devdas's Oration Lecture Award of the [[Avinashilingam University for Women]], (2009) are some of the notable orations delivered by him.<ref name="NAAS Fellow" />

== See also ==
* [[Central Food Technological Research Institute]]
* [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
{{portal|India|Science}}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book | title=Profile on WorldCat | publisher=WorldCat | date=2015 |oclc = 734982351}}

{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash, Vishweshwaraiah}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:University of Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:Brandeis University alumni]]
[[Category:Food technology]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Structural biologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Texas Medical Center]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry]]
[[Category:Academic staff of United Nations University]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Tufts University faculty]]
[[Category:Food and Agriculture Organization officials]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]

2010 Deccan Chargers season

2025-11-20T07:13:51Z

Nonebotnone50: creating first page added tags.

{{Short description|Indian cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Deccan Chargers
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010]]
| coach = [[Darren Lehmann]]
| captain = [[Adam Gilchrist]]
| colors =
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]] (Capacity: 55,000)<ref name="homeground" group="nb">The home-matches of the Deccan Chargers for the [[2010 Indian Premier League|2010 IPL]] were not conducted in Hyderabad and were shifted to the multiple stadiums.</ref>
| comp1 = [[2010 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Knockout stage (4th)
| prevseason = [[Deccan Chargers in 2009|2009]]
| nextseason = [[Deccan Chargers in 2011|2011]]
| most runs= [[Andrew Symonds]] (429)
| most wickets= [[Pragyan Ojha]] (21)
| most catches= [[Andrew Symonds]] (12)
| most dismissals= [[Adam Gilchrist]] (13)
|}}

The [[Deccan Chargers]] (DC) were a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]], that competed in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), a professional [[Twenty20 cricket]] (T20) league in [[India]]. They were one of the eight teams that competed in the [[2010 Indian Premier League]], making their third appearance in all IPL tournaments. The team was captained by [[Adam Gilchrist]] and coached by [[Darren Lehmann]] with [[Kanwaljit Singh (cricketer)|Kanwaljit Singh]] and [[Mike Young (cricket)|Mike Young]] as assistant coaches.<ref name="captain"/><ref name="coach">{{cite web|last=|first=|title='No pressure at all' - Lehmann|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/451517.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=11 March 2010}}</ref>

They began their season by losing their opening fixture of the IPL on 12 March against the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] but five consecutive wins at the end of the group stage helped them to qualify for the semi-finals.<ref name="R1 report">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Deccan choke after Mathews, Shah comeback|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419106/deccan-chargers-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-1st-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=12 March 2010}}</ref><ref name="R14 report"/> They lost to [[Chennai Super Kings]] by 38 runs in the semi-final and to [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] by 9 wickets in the third-place playoff to finish the tournament at fourth and failed to qualify for the [[2010 Champions League Twenty20]].<ref name="SF2 report">{{cite web|last=Talya|first=Siddhartha|title=Bollinger charges Chennai into final|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419163/chennai-super-kings-vs-deccan-chargers-2nd-semi-final-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=22 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="TPPF report">{{cite web|last=Veera|first=Sriram|title=Bangalore crush Deccan by nine wickets|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419164/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-3rd-place-play-off-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=24 April 2010}}</ref>

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2010 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
'''Players retained''': [[Azhar Bilakhia]], [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]], [[Herschelle Gibbs]], [[Adam Gilchrist]], [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]], [[Pragyan Ojha]], [[Rohit Sharma]], [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)|Jaskaran Singh]], [[R. P. Singh]], [[Dwayne Smith]], [[Andrew Symonds]], [[Tirumalasetti Suman|Suman Tirumalasetti]], [[V. V. S. Laxman]], [[Chaminda Vaas]], [[Arjun Yadav]], [[Yalaka Venugopal Rao|Venugopal Rao Yalaka]]

'''Players released''': [[Shoaib Ahmed (Indian cricketer)|Shoaib Ahmed]], [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]], [[Manvinder Bisla]],<ref name="Squad review"/> [[Halhadar Das]], [[Doddapaneni Kalyankrishna|Kalyankrishna Doddapaneni]], [[Fidel Edwards]],<ref name="team review">{{cite web|last=Veera|first=Sriram|title=Deccan bank on batting for an encore|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/451241.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=9 March 2010}}</ref> [[Abhinav Kumar]], [[Sarvesh Kumar]], [[Paidikalva Vijaykumar|Vijaykumar Paidikalva]], [[Chamara Silva]], [[Scott Styris]], [[Nuwan Zoysa]]

'''Players added''': [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]],<ref name="IPL Auction">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Kieron Pollard, Shane Bond attract maximum bids|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/445020.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=19 January 2010}}</ref> [[Bodapati Sumanth|Sumanth Bodapati]],<ref name="Squad review">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Former ICL players named in IPL|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/447923.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=12 February 2010}}</ref> [[Mitchell Marsh]],<ref name="captain">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Adam Gilchrist confident of Deccan encore|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/450761.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=4 March 2010}}</ref> [[Mohnish Mishra]],<ref name="Squad review"/> [[Ashish Reddy]],<ref name="Squad review"/> [[Kemar Roach]],<ref name="IPL Auction"/> [[Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)|Rahul Sharma]],<ref name="captain"/> [[Anirudh Singh (cricketer)|Anirudh Singh]]<ref name="anirudh">{{cite web|last=Subrahmanyam|first=V V|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Anirudh-Singh-to-bat-for-Deccan-Chargers/article16823377.ece|title=Anirudh Singh to bat for Deccan Chargers|website=The Hindu|date=9 December 2009|access-date=23 July 2018}}</ref>

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Indian Premier League / Squads / Deccan Chargers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/squad/448345.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018}}</ref>
* '''Year signed''' denotes the season the player signed for the team
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Year signed
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| [[Azhar Bilakhia]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1986|05|31|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2009 ||
|-
| [[Bodapati Sumanth|Sumanth Bodapati]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1988|05|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2010 ||
|-
| [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1988|09|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2008 ||
|-
| '''[[Herschelle Gibbs]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1974|02|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2008 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Mohnish Mishra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1984|02|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2010 ||
|-
| '''[[Rohit Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1987|04|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2008 || [[Captain (cricket)|Vice-captain]].
|-
| [[Tirumalasetti Suman|Suman Tirumalasetti]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1983|12|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2009 ||
|-
| '''[[V. V. S. Laxman]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1974|11|01|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin]] || 2008 ||
|-
| [[Anirudh Singh (cricketer)|Anirudh Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1980|08|02|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2010 ||
|-
| [[Arjun Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1981|12|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2008 ||
|-
| '''[[Yalaka Venugopal Rao|Venugopal Rao Yalaka]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1982|02|26|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off spin]] || 2008 ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| '''[[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1979|10|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || 2009 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Mitchell Marsh]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1991|10|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2010 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Ashish Reddy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1991|02|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2010 ||
|-
| '''[[Dwayne Smith]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1983|04|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2009 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[Andrew Symonds]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1975|06|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2008 || Overseas.
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| '''[[Adam Gilchrist]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1971|11|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2008 || Overseas and [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]].<ref name="captain"/>
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1987|10|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2009 ||
|-
| '''[[Pragyan Ojha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1986|09|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2008 ||
|-
| '''[[Kemar Roach]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1988|06|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || 2010 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)|Rahul Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1986|11|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2010 ||
|-
| [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)|Jaskaran Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1989|09|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2009 ||
|-
| '''[[R. P. Singh]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1985|12|06|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2008 ||
|-
| '''[[Chaminda Vaas]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2010|03|12|1974|01|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2008 || Overseas.
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Kit Manufacturers
!Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
!Shirt Sponsor (Back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|[[Puma (brand)|Puma]]
|[[Vodafone Idea Limited|Idea Cellular]]
|[[Deccan Chronicle]]
|[[McDowell's No.1]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad and their ‘rise to the top’ jerseys|url=https://www.sportswallah.com/cricket/lifestyle/sunrisers-hyderabad-and-their-rise-to-the-top-jerseys|website=Sports Wallah|date=11 April 2017|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=IDEA Cellular inks sponsorship deal with Deccan Chargers|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/IDEA-Cellular-inks-sponsorship-deal-with-Deccan-Chargers/articleshow/5552203.cms|website=The Times of India|date=9 February 2010|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
|}

{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b =
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 3284BF
| body = 3284BF
| rightarm = 3284BF
| pants = 3284BF
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

==Season overview==
{{main|2010 Indian Premier League}}

===Standings===
{{2010 Indian Premier League Points table|team=DC}}

=== Results by match ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= H/ A/ H/ H/ A/ H/ A/ A/ H/ A/ H/ H/ A/ A
|label2= Result
| res2= L/ W/ W/ W/ L/ L/ L/ L/ L/ W/ W/ W/ W/ W

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2|text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}

==Fixtures==
{{main|2010 Indian Premier League #Fixtures}}
:''All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])''

===Group stage===
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match1}} 12 March | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 161/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Angelo Mathews]] 65[[Not out|*]] (46b, 5x4, 4x6)
| wickets1 = [[Chaminda Vaas]] 2/22 (3 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 150/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Adam Gilchrist]] 54 (35b, 3x4, 3x6)
| wickets2 = [[Charl Langeveldt]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| result= Kolkata Knight Riders won by 11 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419106.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Russell Tiffin]]
| motm = [[Angelo Mathews]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and chose to bowl first.
| bg = L
| round = Round 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match5}} 14 March | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 190/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andrew Symonds]] 50 (43b, 3x4, 3x6)
| wickets1 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 1/26 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 159/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Albie Morkel]] 42[[Not out|*]] (26b, 1x4, 3x6)
| wickets2 = [[Chaminda Vaas]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 31 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419110.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] and [[Krishna Hariharan|K. Hariharan]]
| motm = [[Chaminda Vaas]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and chose to bat first.
| bg = W
| round = Round 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match12}} 19 March | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 170/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andrew Symonds]] 53 (38b, 3x4, 3x6)
| wickets1 = [[Yuvraj Singh]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score2 = 164/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Irfan Pathan]] 60 (29b, 3x4, 5x6)
| wickets2 = [[Chaminda Vaas]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 6 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419117.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Barabati Stadium]], [[Cuttack]]
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden]] and [[Marais Erasmus]]
| motm = [[Andrew Symonds]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and chose to bowl first.
| bg = W
| round = Round 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match15}} 21 March | time = 16:00 | daynight =
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 171/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 45 (30b, 3x4, 3x6)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 1/12 (3 overs)
| team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]
| score2 = 161/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 57 (33b, 4x4, 4x6)
| wickets2 = [[Andrew Symonds]] 3/21 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 10 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419120.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Barabati Stadium]], [[Cuttack]]
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden]] and [[Marais Erasmus]]
| motm = [[Andrew Symonds]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and chose to bat first.
| bg = W
| round = Round 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match22}} 26 March | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 148/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 49 (35b, 2x4, 3x6)
| wickets1 = [[Shaun Tait]] 3/22 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 151/2 (15.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 73[[Not out|*]] (34b, 2x4, 8x6)
| wickets2 = [[Pragyan Ojha]] 1/40 (3 overs)
| result= Rajasthan Royals won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419126.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera|Sardar Patel Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
| umpires = [[Simon Taufel]] and [[Kumar Dharmasena]]
| motm = [[Yusuf Pathan]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and chose to bat first.
| bg = L
| round = Round 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match25}} 28 March | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 172/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 55 (43b, 9x4, 0x6)
| wickets1 = [[R. P. Singh]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 131 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 45 (28b, 3x4, 2x6)
| wickets2 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/12 (3.4 overs)
| result= Mumbai Indians won by 41 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419130.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Krishna Hariharan|K. Hariharan]] and [[Subroto Das]]
| motm = [[Harbhajan Singh]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and chose to bowl first.
| bg = L
| round = Round 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match30}} 1 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| score1 = 181/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sourav Ganguly]] 88 (54b, 9x4, 5x6)
| wickets1 = [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)|Jaskaran Singh]] 2/18 (3 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score2 = 157/5 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Herschelle Gibbs]] 50 (45b, 5x4, 1x6)
| wickets2 = [[Chris Gayle]] 1/9 (1 over)
| result= Kolkata Knight Riders won by 24 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419135.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] and [[Krishna Hariharan|K. Hariharan]]
| motm = [[Saurav Ganguly]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and chose to bat first.
| bg = L
| round = Round 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match33}} 3 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Mumbai Indians]]
| score1 = 178/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ambati Rayudu]] 55[[Not out|*]] (29b, 6x4, 2x6)
| wickets1 = [[Pragyan Ojha]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score2 = 115 (18.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andrew Symonds]] 21(18b, 2x4, 0x6)
| wickets2 = [[Zaheer Khan]] 2/10 (2 overs)
| result= Mumbai Indians won by 63 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419138.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]]
| motm = [[Ambati Rayudu]] (Mumbai Indians)
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and chose to bat first.
| bg = L
| round = Round 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match36}} 5 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| score1 = 159 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shane Watson]] 58 (36b, 3x4, 3x6)
| wickets1 = [[R. P. Singh]] 3/17 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 157 (19.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 73 (44b, 8x4, 2x6)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Warne]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| result= Rajasthan Royals won by 2 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419141.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], Jamtha, [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] and [[Simon Taufel]]
| motm = [[Shane Warne]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to bat first.
| bg = L
| round = Round 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match40}} 8 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score1 = 184/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 68 (44b, 9x4, 1x6)
| wickets1 = [[Pragyan Ojha]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score2 = 186/3 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tirumalasetti Suman]] 78[[Not out|*]] (57b, 6x4, 3x6)
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 1/37 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 7 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419145.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] and [[Sudhir Asnani]]
| motm = [[Tirumalasetti Suman]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and chose to bowl first.
| bg = W
| round = Round 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match42}} 10 April | time = 16:00 | daynight =
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 138/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 52 (42b, 4x4, 2x6)
| wickets1 = [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 139/4 (19.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Tirumalasetti Suman]] 55 (44b, 4x4, 2x6)
| wickets2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/13 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419147.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], Jamtha, [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] and [[Simon Taufel]]
| motm = [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat first.
| bg = W
| round = Round 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match46}} 12 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 151/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 51 (46b, 7x4, 0x6)
| wickets1 = [[Dale Steyn]] 3/18 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score2 = 138 (19.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 49 (35b, 8x4, 1x6)
| wickets2 = [[R. P. Singh]] 2/21 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 13 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419151.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium]], Jamtha, [[Nagpur]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Russell Tiffin]]
| motm = [[Harmeet Singh (cricketer born 1987)|Harmeet Singh]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to bowl first.
| bg = W
| round = Round 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match51}} 16 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kings XI Punjab]]
| score1 = 174/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mahela Jayawardene]] 93[[Not out|*]] (62b, 13x4, 2x6)
| wickets1 = [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]] 1/27 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score2 = 178/5 (19.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 68[[Not out|*]] (38b, 6x4, 3x6)
| wickets2 = [[Piyush Chawla]] 1/24 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419156.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[HPCA Cricket Stadium]], [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]]
| umpires = [[Amiesh Saheba]] and [[Marais Erasmus]]
| motm = [[Rohit Sharma]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to field
| bg = W
| round = Round 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match55}} 18 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 145/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Andrew Symonds]] 54 (30b, 3x4, 5x6)
| wickets1 = [[Umesh Yadav]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]{{sp}}(H)
| score2 = 134/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Paul Collingwood]] 51[[Not out|*]] (42b, 1x4, 3x6)
| wickets2 = [[Pragyan Ojha]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| result= Deccan Chargers won by 11 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419160.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] and [[Shavir Tarapore]]
| motm = [[Andrew Symonds]] (Deccan Chargers)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to bat
| bg = W
| round = Round 14
}}

===Knockout stage===
;Semi-Final
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match58}} 22 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1 = [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| score1 = 142/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Subramaniam Badrinath]] 37 (41b, 3x4, 1x6)
| wickets1 = [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]] 3/29 (4 overs)
| team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score2 = 104 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Andrew Symonds]] 23 (22b, 3x4, 0x6)
| wickets2 = [[Doug Bollinger]] 4/13 (4 overs)
| result= Chennai Super Kings won by 38 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419163.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Billy Doctrove]] and [[Russell Tiffin]]
| motm = [[Doug Bollinger]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat
| bg = L
| round = Semi-final 2
}}
;Third-place playoff
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{anchor|match59}} 24 April | time = 20:00 | daynight = yes
| team1= [[Deccan Chargers]]
| score1 = 82 (18.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anirudh Singh (cricketer)|Anirudh Singh]] 40 (39b, 4x4, 1x6)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 4/16 (3.3 overs)
| team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]]
| score2 = 86/1 (13.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 35[[Not out|*]] (30b, 5x4, 0x6)
| wickets2 = [[Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)|Rahul Sharma]] 1/24 (3 overs)
| result= Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 9 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/419164.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Simon Taufel]]
| motm = [[Anil Kumble]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to bat
| bg = L
| round = Third place playoff
}}

==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-style="text-align:center;"
!Name
!{{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
!Runs
!{{Tooltip | HS | High score}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Batting average}}
!{{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
!{{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
!{{Tooltip | BBI | Best bowling in an innings}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling average}}
!{{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling economy}}
!{{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
!{{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Sumanth|Bodapati|Bodapati Sumanth}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|035|35}} || {{sort|160|16}} || {{sort|3500|35.00}} || {{sort|09459|94.59}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Suman|Tirumalasetti|Tirumalasetti Suman}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|307|307}} || {{sort|781|78[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|3411|34.11}} || {{sort|11945|119.45}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|1200|12.00}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Andrew|Symonds}} || {{sort|16|16}} || {{sort|429|429}} || {{sort|540|54}} || {{sort|3064|30.64}} || {{sort|12580|125.80}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|379|3/21}} || {{sort|03100|31.00}} || {{sort|0701|7.01}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}} || {{sort|16|16}} || {{sort|404|404}} || {{sort|730|73}} || {{sort|2885|28.85}} || {{sort|13377|133.77}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|181|1/19}} || {{sort|07650|76.50}} || {{sort|0805|8.05}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Herschelle|Gibbs}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|267|267}} || {{sort|500|50}} || {{sort|2670|26.70}} || {{sort|11361|113.61}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Adam|Gilchrist}} || {{sort|16|16}} || {{sort|289|289}} || {{sort|540|54}} || {{sort|1806|18.06}} || {{sort|15621|156.21}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|04|4}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Anirudh|Singh|Anirudh Singh (cricketer)}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|063|63}} || {{sort|400|40}} || {{sort|1575|15.75}} || {{sort|09545|95.45}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Mohnish|Mishra}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|166|166}} || {{sort|410|41}} || {{sort|1509|15.09}} || {{sort|11527|115.27}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Mitchell|Marsh}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|028|28}} || {{sort|150|15}} || {{sort|1400|14.00}} || {{sort|09333|93.33}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|181|1/19}} || {{sort|04400|44.00}} || {{sort|0880|8.80}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|V. V. S.|Laxman}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|064|64}} || {{sort|220|22}} || {{sort|1280|12.80}} || {{sort|10666|106.66}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ryan|Harris|Ryan Harris (cricketer)}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|045|45}} || {{sort|150|15}} || {{sort|1125|11.25}} || {{sort|11538|115.38}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|382|3/18}} || {{sort|01664|16.64}} || {{sort|0759|7.59}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Dwayne|Smith}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|022|22}} || {{sort|131|13[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|1100|11.00}} || {{sort|08800|88.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|178|1/22}} || {{sort|03600|36.00}} || {{sort|0939|9.39}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Kemar|Roach}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|010|10}} || {{sort|100|10}} || {{sort|1000|10.00}} || {{sort|11111|111.11}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|1000|10.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Rahul|Sharma|Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|029|29}} || {{sort|141|14[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0966|9.66}} || {{sort|11153|111.53}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|258|2/42}} || {{sort|03340|33.40}} || {{sort|0808|8.08}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Venugopal Rao|Yalaka|Yalaka Venugopal Rao}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|034|34}} || {{sort|240|24}} || {{sort|0850|8.50}} || {{sort|07906|79.06}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|1000|10.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Jaskaran|Singh|Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|008|8}} || {{sort|041|4[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0800|8.00}} || {{sort|07272|72.72}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|282|2/18}} || {{sort|02316|23.16}} || {{sort|0992|9.92}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Chaminda|Vaas}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|030|30}} || {{sort|160|16}} || {{sort|0750|7.50}} || {{sort|08823|88.23}} || {{sort|09|9}} || {{sort|379|3/21}} || {{sort|01544|15.44}} || {{sort|0631|6.31}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|R. P.|Singh}} || {{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|009|9}} || {{sort|041|4[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0450|4.50}} || {{sort|04736|47.36}} || {{sort|13|13}} || {{sort|383|3/17}} || {{sort|02846|28.46}} || {{sort|0880|8.80}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Azhar|Bilakhia}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|002|2}} || {{sort|020|2}} || {{sort|0200|2.00}} || {{sort|05000|50.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Pragyan|Ojha}} || {{sort|16|16}} || {{sort|003|3}} || {{sort|020|2}} || {{sort|0100|1.00}} || {{sort|03750|37.50}} || {{sort|21|21}} || {{sort|374|3/26}} || {{sort|02042|20.42}} || {{sort|0729|7.29}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Harmeet Singh|Bansal}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|001|0[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|08|8}} || {{sort|276|2/24}} || {{sort|02175|21.75}} || {{sort|0725|7.25}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|}
Source: [http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=5319;team=4347;type=tournament 2010 IPL Statistics Full Table on ESPNcricinfo]

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
;Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Player
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Contribution
!Ref
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2010|2=3|3=14|format=dmy}} || [[Chaminda Vaas]] || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Won by 31 runs || 3/21 (4 overs) || <ref name="R2 report">{{cite web|last=Alter|first=Jamie|title=Deccan big guns overwhelm Chennai|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419110/chennai-super-kings-vs-deccan-chargers-5th-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=14 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2010|2=3|3=19|format=dmy}} || [[Andrew Symonds]] || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Barabati Stadium|Cuttack]] || Won by 6 runs || 53 (38) & 1/22 (4 overs) || <ref name="R3 report">{{cite web|last=Veera|first=Sriram|title=Symonds helps Deccan to first home win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419117/deccan-chargers-vs-kings-xi-punjab-12th-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=19 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2010|2=3|3=21|format=dmy}} || Andrew Symonds || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || Cuttack || Won by 10 runs || 35 (24) & 3/21 (4 overs) || <ref name="R4 report">{{cite web|last=Talya|first=Siddhartha|title=Symonds, Rohit star in 10-run win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419120/deccan-chargers-vs-delhi-daredevils-15th-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=21 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || {{dts|1=2010|2=4|3=08|format=dmy}} || [[Tirumalasetti Suman]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bangalore]] || Won by 7 wickets || 78[[not out|*]] (57) || <ref name="R10 report">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Symonds and Suman keep Deccan alive|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419145/royal-challengers-bangalore-vs-deccan-chargers-40th-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=8 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || {{dts|1=2010|2=4|3=10|format=dmy}} || [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]] || Chennai Super Kings || [[Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium|Nagpur]] || Won by 6 wickets || 3/18 (4 overs) || <ref name="R11 report">{{cite web|last=Alter|first=Jamie|title=Suman, bowlers keep Deccan alive|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419147/deccan-chargers-vs-chennai-super-kings-42nd-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=10 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 6 || {{dts|1=2010|2=4|3=12|format=dmy}} || [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]] || Royal Challengers Bangalore || Nagpur || Won By 13 runs || 2/24 (4 overs) || <ref name="R12 report">{{cite web|last=Rajesh|first=S|title=Harmeet Singh, Rohit Sharma shore up Deccan|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419151/deccan-chargers-vs-royal-challengers-bangalore-46th-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=12 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 7 || {{dts|1=2010|2=4|3=16|format=dmy}} || [[Rohit Sharma]] || Kings XI Punjab || [[HPCA Cricket Stadium|Dharmasala]] || Won By 5 wickets || 68[[not out|*]] (38) || <ref name="R13 report">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Sidharth|title=Calm Rohit outdoes Jayawardene beauty|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419156/kings-xi-punjab-vs-deccan-chargers-51st-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=16 April 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 8 || {{dts|1=2010|2=4|3=18|format=dmy}} || Andrew Symonds || Delhi Daredevils || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Delhi]] || Won by 11 runs || 54 (30) || <ref name="R14 report">{{cite web|last=Veera|first=Sriram|title=Deccan resist gutsy Collingwood to reach semis|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/419160/delhi-daredevils-vs-deccan-chargers-55th-match-indian-premier-league-2009-10|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 September 2018|date=18 April 2010}}</ref>
|}
;Season Awards
* Winner of the [[List of Indian Premier League awards#Purple Cap|Purple Cap]] : [[Pragyan Ojha]]<ref name="purple cap">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=2010 Indian Premier League / Most Wickets|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2010/most-wickets|publisher=IPLT20|access-date=10 September 2018|date=25 April 2010}}</ref>

===Achievements===
* Most [[Over (cricket)|maiden overs]] bowled in the 2010 IPL : Chaminda Vaas (2)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2010/most-maidens|title=2010 Indian Premier League / Most Maidens|publisher=IPLT20|date=25 April 2010|access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref>
* Best [[Strike rate#Bowling strike rate|bowling strike-rate]] in the 2010 IPL : Ryan Harris (13.14)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2010/best-bowling-strike-rate|title=2010 Indian Premier League / Best Bowling Strike Rate|publisher=IPLT20|date=25 April 2010|access-date=12 September 2018}}</ref>

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|group=nb}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

{{Deccan Chargers}}

[[Category:2010 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Deccan Chargers seasons]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]