Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh

2026-05-08T13:18:16Z

NoemiConley374:

{{Short description|Court of Indian-administered territories}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox court
| court_name = High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
| native_name = 
| image = High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh logo.jpg
| caption = Logo of High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh
| established = {{start date and age|df=yes|1928|03|26}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jkhighcourt.nic.in/history.html |title=History |website=www.Jkhighcourt.nic.in |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075405/https://jkhighcourt.nic.in/history.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| jurisdiction = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]
| location = [[Srinagar]] Wing (Summer) and [[Jammu]] Wing (Winter)
| type = [[President of India|Presidential]] with [[advice and consent|confirmation]] of [[Chief Justice of India]] and [[Governors of states of India|governor of respective state]]
| authority = [[Constitution of India]]
| appealsto = [[Supreme Court of India]]
| terms = Mandatory retirement at the age of 62
| positions = 25 (19 Permanent Judges and 6
Additional Judges)
| website = {{URL|https://www.jkhighcourt.nic.in/}}
| chiefjudgetitle = [[Chief Justice]]
| chiefjudgename = [[Arun Palli]]
| termstart = 16 April 2025
|
}}
The '''High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/228337.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 September 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020192546/https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2021/228337.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece|title=New nomenclature for Jammu and Kashmir High Court|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 July 2021|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=3 September 2021|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903143931/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court/article35377076.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> is the common [[List of high courts in India|high court]] for [[Union territory|union territories]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]. It was established as the '''High Court of Jammu and Kashmir''' on 26 March 1928 by the [[Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir]]. The seat of the court shifts between the summer capital [[Srinagar]] and winter capital [[Jammu]]. The court has a [[Judiciary of India#Judge strength|sanctioned judge strength]] of 17, 13 of whom are permanent judges, and 4 are additional judges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jklaw.nic.in/high_court.htm|title=Law Department J&K|website=jklaw.nic.in|access-date=8 February 2017|archive-date=20 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220051153/http://jklaw.nic.in/high_court.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/history.html|title=History|website=jkhighcourt.nic.in|access-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075405/http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/history.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Tashi Rabstan]] has been the acting [[chief justice]] of the court since 18 July 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Order of appointment of Shri Justice Tashi Rabstan, Judge of the Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court as Acting Chief Justice of that High Court (16.07.2024) |url=https://doj.gov.in/document/order-of-appointment-of-shri-justice-tashi-rabstan-judge-of-the-jammu-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court-as-acting-chief-justice-of-that-high-court-16-07-2024/ |website=Department of Justice, Government of India |access-date=28 July 2024 |archive-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728145002/https://doj.gov.in/document/order-of-appointment-of-shri-justice-tashi-rabstan-judge-of-the-jammu-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court-as-acting-chief-justice-of-that-high-court-16-07-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==
The High Court of Jammu and Kashmir was established by Order No. 1, issued by [[Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja]] [[Hari Singh]] on 26 March 1928. The Maharaja appointed [[Lala Kanwar Sain]] as the first chief justice, and Lala [[Bodh Raj Sawhney]] and Khan Sahib [[Aga Syed Hussain]] as [[puisne judge]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/history.html |title=History |publisher=Jkhighcourt.nic.in |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075405/http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/history.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The High Court sat at both the winter capital of [[Jammu]], and the summer capital of [[Srinagar]]. The Maharaja conferred letters patent on the High Court on 10 September 1943.

Puisne judge Khan Sahib Aga Syed Hussain<ref>{{cite web |title=Kandahar's Qizilbash |url=https://kashmirlife.net/kandahars-qizilbash-issue-35-vol-09-157293/ |website=Kashmir Life |access-date=2 March 2021 |date=30 November 2017 |archive-date=6 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306100131/https://kashmirlife.net/kandahars-qizilbash-issue-35-vol-09-157293/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was the first Muslim judge of the High Court. He retired as Home and Judicial Minister of Jammu and Kashmir during the Maharaja's rule.<ref>{{cite web |last=Altaf |first=Sana |url=http://www.newsinsight.net/Changingtimes...aspx |title=Changing times.. |website=Newsinsight.net |date=1 December 2011 |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405100016/http://www.newsinsight.net/Changingtimes...aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2018, the High Court got its first and second woman judges with Justice Sindhu Sharma, who was appointed a judge, and Justice [[Gita Mittal]], who was appointed the chief justice.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

In August 2019, a [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act (2019)|Reorganisation Bill]] was passed by both houses of the Indian Parliament. This bill reorganised the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories—[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]]—as of 31 October 2019. After this reorganisation, the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir continued serving as the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh for both union territories.

Tashi Rabstan was appointed as the [[Acting (law)|Acting]] [[Chief Justice]] of the High Court on 8 December 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justice Tashi Rabstan appointed acting Chief Justice of J-K High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/justice-tashi-rabstan-appointed-acting-chief-justice-of-j-k-high-court/article66233587.ece |work=The Hindu |agency=PTI |date=7 December 2022 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506120405/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/justice-tashi-rabstan-appointed-acting-chief-justice-of-j-k-high-court/article66233587.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Chief justice and judges ==
{{See also|List of sitting judges of the high courts of India#Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court}}

==Former chief justices==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:90%;"
|+List of former chief justices
|-
!#
!Chief Justice
!Term
|-
!1
| Kanwar Sain
|27 April 1928–16 February 1931
|-
!2
| Birjor Dalal
|16 February 1931–24 November 1936
|-
!3
| Abdul Qayoom
|24 November 1936–20 July 1940
|-
!4
| Rachpal Singh
|13 August 1940–6 March 1942
|-
!5
| Ganga Nath
|24 June 1942–23 October 1945
|-
!6
| S.K. Ghose
|29 March 1946–29 March 1948
|-
!7
| Janki Nath Wazir
|30 March 1948–2 December 1967
|-
!8
| [[Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali]]
|3 December 1967–1 April 1975
|-
!9
| Raja Jaswant Singh
|2 April 1975–23 January 1976
|-
!10
| M.R.A. Ansari
|23 January 1976–8 November 1977
|-
!11
| Mian Jalal-ud-Din
|15 February 1978–22 February 1980
|-
!12
| Mufti Baha-ud-Din
|7 March 1983–23 August 1983
|-
!13
| [[ Vazhakkulangarayil Khalid]]
|24 August 1983–24 June 1984
|-
!14
| [[Adarsh Sein Anand]]
|11 May 1985–23 October 1989
|-
!15
| S.S. Kang
|24 October 1989–14 May 1993
|-
!16
|S.C. Mathur
|10 October 1993–17 March 1994
|-
!17
| S. Sagir Ahmed
|18 March 1994–22 September 1994
|-
!18
| M. Ramakrishna
|10 October 1994–15 June 1997
|-
!19
| Bhawani Singh
|16 June 1997–21 February 2000
|-
!20
| B.P. Saraf
|21 February 2000–22 August 2001
|-
!21
| H.K. Sema
|12 September 2001–8 April 2002
|-
!22
| B.C. Patel
|16 May 2002–4 March 2003
|-
!23
| S.N. Jha
|4 February 2004–11 October 2005
|-
!24
| B.A. Khan
|25 January 2007–31 March 2007
|-
!25
|[[K.S. Panicker Radhakrishnan|K.S. Radhakrishnan]]
|7 January 2008–28 August 2008
|-
!26
| Manmohan Sarin
|4 September 2008–19 October 2008
|-
!27
| [[Barin Ghosh (judge)|Barin Ghosh]]
|3 January 2009–13 April 2010
|-
!28
| Dr. [[Aftab Hussain Saikia]]
|13 April 2010–6 April 2011
|-
!29
| [[Fakkir Mohamed Ibrahim Kalifulla|F. M. Ibrahim Kalifulla]]
|24 February 2011–2 April 2012
|-
!''Acting''
| [[Virender Singh (judge)|Virender Singh]]
|02 April 2012–07 June 2012
|-
!30
|M. M. Kumar
|8 June 2012 – 4 January 2015
|-
!31
|[[N. Paul Vasanthakumar]]
|2 February 2015 – 14 March 2017
|-
!''Acting''
|[[Ramalingam Sudhakar]]
|15 March 2017 – 31 March 2017
|-
!32
|[[Badar Durrez Ahmed]]
|1 April 2017 – 15 March 2018
|-
!''Acting''
|[[Ramalingam Sudhakar]]
|16 March 2018 – 11 May 2018
|-
!''Acting''
|[[Alok Aradhe]]
|11 May 2018 – 11 August 2018
|-
!33
|[[Gita Mittal]]
|11 August 2018 – 8 December 2020
|-
!''Acting''
|[[Rajesh Bindal]]
|9 December 2020 – 3 January 2021
|-
!34
|[[Pankaj Mithal]]
|4 January 2021 – 12 October 2022
|-
!35
|[[Ali Mohammad Magrey]]
|13 October 2022 – 7 December 2022
|-
!''Acting''
|[[Tashi Rabstan]]
|8 December 2022 – 14 February 2023
|-
!36
|[[N. Kotiswar Singh]]
|15 February 2023 – 17 July 2024
|-
!''Acting''
|[[Tashi Rabstan]]
|18 July 2024 – 26 September 2024
|-
!37
|[[Tashi Rabstan]]
|27 September 2024 – 9 April 2025
|-
!''Acting''
|Sanjeev Kumar
|10 April 2025 – 15 April 2025
|-
!38
|[[Arun Palli]]
|16 April 2025 – Incumbent
|}

== Judges elevated to Supreme Court ==

=== Currently serving ===
{| class="wikitable static-row-numbers static-row-header" width="92%" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |#
! rowspan="2" |Name of the Judge
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" |Date of Appointment as Judge
! rowspan="2" |Date of elevation to Supreme Court
! rowspan="2" |Date of Retirement
! colspan="3" |Tenure
! rowspan="2" |Immediately preceding office
|-
!As HC Judge
!As Supreme Court Judge
!Total tenure {{small|(including both SC and HC)}} 
|-
!--
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
| --
|}

=== Former Judges ===
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header" width="92%" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |#
! rowspan="2" |Name of the Judge
! rowspan="2" |Image
! rowspan="2" |Date of Appointment as Judge
! rowspan="2" |Date of elevation to Supreme Court
! rowspan="2" |Date of Retirement
! colspan="3" |Tenure
! rowspan="2" |Immediately preceding office
! rowspan="2" |Remarks
|-
!As HC Judge
!As Supreme Court Judge
!Total tenure {{small|(including both SC and HC)}} 
|-
!1
|[[Syed Murtaza Fazl Ali]]
|
|{{dts|1958|4|9|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|1975|4|2|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|1985|8|20|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|1958|4|9|1975|4|1|duration=on}}
|{{ayd|1975|4|2|1985|8|20|duration=on}}
|{{ayd|1958|4|9|1985|8|20|duration=on}}
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|8th CJ]] of Jammu & Kashmir HC
|Died in office
|-
!2
|Jaswant Singh
|
|{{dts|1967|12|3|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|1976|1|23|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|1979|1|24|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|1967|12|3|1976|1|22|duration=on}}
|{{ayd|1976|1|23|1979|1|24|duration=on}}
|{{ayd|1967|12|3|1979|1|24|duration=on}}
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court|9th CJ]] of Jammu & Kashmir HC
|
|-
!3
|[[Adarsh Sein Anand|'''Adarsh Sein Anand''']]
|'''[[File:Justice A.S. Anand.jpg|alt=|95x95px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]'''
|'''{{Dts|1975|5|26|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{Dts|1991|11|18|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{Dts|2001|10|31|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|1975|5|26|1991|11|17|duration=on}}'''
|'''{{ayd|1991|11|18|2001|10|31|duration=on}}'''
|'''{{ayd|1975|5|26|2001|10|31|duration=on}}'''
|'''[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Madras High Court|24th CJ]] of [[Madras High Court|Madras HC]]'''
|'''29th Chief Justice of India'''
|-
!4
|[[Ram Prakash Sethi]]
|
|{{Dts|1986|5|30|format=dmy}}
|{{dts|1999|1|8|format=dmy}}
|{{Dts|2002|7|6|format=dmy}}
|{{ayd|1986|5|30|1999|1|7|duration=on}}
|{{ayd|1999|1|8|2002|7|6|duration=on}}
|{{ayd|1986|5|30|2002|7|6|duration=on}}
|[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Karnataka High Court|18th CJ]] of [[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka HC]]
|
|-
!5
|[[Tirath Singh Thakur|'''Tirath Singh Thakur''']]
|'''[[File:Justice T.S. Thakur.jpg|alt=|96x96px|Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud]]'''
|'''{{Dts|1994|2|16|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{Dts|2009|11|17|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{Dts|2017|January|3|format=dmy}}'''
|'''{{ayd|1994|2|16|2009|11|16|duration=on}}'''
| rowspan="1" align="center" |'''{{ayd|2009|11|17|2017|1|3}}'''
|'''{{ayd|1994|2|16|2017|1|3|duration=on}}'''
|'''[[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Punjab and Haryana High Court|28th CJ]] of [[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab & Haryana HC]]'''
|'''43rd Chief Justice of India'''
|}

==Judges elevated as chief justices==

==Notable people==


*[[Hakim Imtiyaz Hussain]] (born 1949), former Jammu and Kashmir High Court judge

== Jammu and Kashmir State Judicial Academy ==

In 2001, the High Court established its regular Judicial Academy via order No. 342, dated 26 July. Since then, Jammu and Kashmir State Judicial Academy functions regularly and holds training programmes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Jammu & Kashmir State Judicial Academy |url=http://jkja.nic.in/presentsetup.php |website=jkja.nic.in |access-date=2 March 2021 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811053926/http://jkja.nic.in/presentsetup.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir State Judicial Academy has its own infrastructure in Jammu (in the premises of the High Court) and in Srinagar (Mominabad).

The administrative machinery of High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh moves to Srinagar, its summer capital, in April and Jammu, its winter capital, in November every year. In view of this tradition, Jammu and Kashmir State Judicial Academy also functions likewise from Jammu and Srinagar. It has infrastructures both in Jammu and Srinagar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Jammu & Kashmir State Judicial Academy |url=http://www.jkja.nic.in/srinagarcampus.php |website=www.jkja.nic.in |access-date=2 March 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808210113/http://jkja.nic.in/srinagarcampus.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Jammu & Kashmir State Judicial Academy |url=http://www.jkja.nic.in/jammucampus.php |website=www.jkja.nic.in |access-date=2 March 2021 |archive-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811054650/http://jkja.nic.in/jammucampus.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite news|date=17 July 2021|title=New nomenclature for Jammu and Kashmir High Court|work=The Indian EXPRESS|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court-7408891/|access-date=17 July 2021|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717045135/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-nomenclature-for-jammu-and-kashmir-high-court-7408891/|url-status=live}}

==Further reading==
* [http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts]
* [http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html Judge strength in High Courts increased]

==External links==
* [http://jkhighcourt.nic.in/ Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court official website]

[[Category:Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in India]]
[[Category:High courts of India|Jammu and Kashmir ]]
[[Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1928]]

Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment

2026-05-06T09:49:25Z

NoemiConley374: starting a article

{{Short description|Indian cookery series}}

{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name =
| image = Laughter Chefs.png
| caption =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cooking]]
* [[Comedy]]
}}
| based_on = ''[[Cooku with Comali]]''
| developer =
| writer =
| presenter = [[Bharti Singh]]
| starring =
| judges = [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]]
| director =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 3
| num_episodes = 138
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Vipul D. Shah]]
| editor =
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 48–114 minutes
| company = Optimystix Entertainment
| budget =
| network = [[Colors TV]] [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|06|01|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''''Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment''''' is an Indian competitive cooking-comedy reality series.<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Laughter Chefs Season 3’: When and where to watch Bharti Singh-Chef Harpal's reality show; release schedule, contestant list, and more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-season-3-when-and-where-to-watch-bharti-singh-chef-harpals-reality-show-release-schedule-contestant-list-and-more/articleshow/125516427.cms |access-date=2025-12-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Produced by Optimystix Entertainment, it premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 1 June 2024. The series is hosted by [[Bharti Singh]] and judged by [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Bharti Singh On Hosting Laughter Chefs Unlimited Entertainment: 'Get Ready To Laugh Your Heart Out' |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/bharti-singh-on-hosting-laughter-chefs-unlimited-entertainment-get-ready-to-laugh-your-heart-out-8912109.html |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2024 |title=Chef Harpal Singh Sokhi on his newest show Laughter Chefs: I ..| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-chef-harpal-singh-sokhi-on-his-newest-show-laughter-chefs-i-am-sure-well-bring-smiles-to-peoples-faces-and-have-lots-of-fun/articleshow/110157271.cms |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The show is also digitally available on [[JioHotstar]]. It is based on ''[[Cooku with Comali]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vivian Dsena exits 'Laughter Chefs: Fun Unlimited 3' for 'new fiction series'? Here's what we know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vivian-dsena-exits-laughter-chefs-fun-unlimited-3-for-new-fiction-series-heres-what-we-know/amp_articleshow/126520704.cms |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Series overview==
{{Series overview
| color1 = #3E50AC
| link1 = #Season 1
| episodes1 = 36
| start1 = {{Start date|2024|06|01}}
| end1 = {{End date|2024|10|04}}
| color2 = #FFA500
| link2 = #Season 2
| episodes2 = 54
| start2 = {{Start date|2025|01|25}}
| end2 = {{End date|2025|7|27}}
| color3 = #3BB143
| link3 = #Season 3
| episodes3 = 48
| start3 = {{Start date|2025|11|22}}
| end3 =
}}

==Season 1==
The first season premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 1 June 2024 hosted by [[Bharti Singh]] and judged by [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]]. It concluded on 4 October 2024 and streams digitally on [[JioHotstar]].<ref name="pinkvilla.com">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2024 |title=Laughter Chefs Unlimited Entertainment: Jannat Zubair injured on the sets because of Aly Goni; 'Yeh fake pyaar...' |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/laughter-chefs-unlimited-entertainment-jannat-zubair-injured-on-the-sets-because-of-aly-goni-yeh-fake-pyaar-1343472 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>

===Format===
It features participants cooking dishes with particular criteria assigned by celebrity chef [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]] who judges the dishes alongside [[Bharti Singh]].<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=Laughter Chefs: Bharti Singh jokes about Karan Kundrra and Arjun Bijlani's cooking skills|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-bharti-singh-jokes-about-karan-kundrra-and-arjun-bijlanis-cooking-skills/articleshow/110473526.cms |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=Laughter Chefs Unlimited Entertainment: Bharti Singh and Co deliver non-stop laughs in first episode|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/laughter-chefs-unlimited-entertainment-bharti-singh-and-co-deliver-non-stop-laughs-in-first-episode-1312299#:~:text=About%20Laughter%20Chefs%20Unlimited%20Entertainment&text=Each%20episode%20involves%20the%20pairs,them%20cooking%20jalebi%20and%20samosa. |access-date=2 July 2024 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref> The pair or pairs with the most accurate delicacy receive stars. At the end of each weekly episode, the pair who received the most stars become the "Laughter Chefs of the Week." However, this concept was discontinued from Week 8.

===Participants===
* [[Ankita Lokhande]] and Vicky Jain
* [[Aly Goni]] and [[Rahul Vaidya]]
* [[Arjun Bijlani]] and [[Karan Kundrra]]
* [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat Zubair]] and [[Reem Shaikh]]
* [[Kashmera Shah]] and [[Krushna Abhishek]]
* [[Nia Sharma]] and [[Sudesh Lehri]]

===Weekly summary===
<div style="overflow-x:scroll;">
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:85%;
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" rowspan="2" |Episodes
! colspan="4" | Week 1
! colspan="4" | Week 2
! colspan="4" | Week 3
! colspan="4" | Week 4
! colspan="4" | Week 5
! colspan="4" | Week 6
! colspan="3" | Week 7
! colspan="3" | Week 8
! colspan="2" | Week 9
! colspan="2" | Week 10
! colspan="3" | Week 11
! colspan="2" | Week 12
! colspan="2" | Week 13
! colspan="3" | Week 14
! colspan="2" | Week 15
! colspan="2" | Week 16
! colspan="2" | Week 17
! colspan="2" | Week 18
! rowspan="5"style="background:#ffc;"| Stars Received
|-
! colspan=2 | ''Grand Premiere 1''
! colspan=2 | ''Grand Premiere 2''
! colspan=2 | ''Desi Khana Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Chinese Cuisine Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Suhagraat / Pehli Rasoi Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Kids Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Bollywood Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Shahi Daawat Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Anna Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Family Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Adla Badli Special 1''
! colspan=2 | ''Adla Badli Special 2''
! ''Shaadi Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Genie Special''
! colspan=2 | ''Orry Special''
! ''Khatron Ke Khiladi Special''
! ''Dharmendra Special''
! ''Birthday Special''
! ''Boys vs. Girls Special''
! ''Shraddha Kapoor Special''
! colspan="2" |''Tel Tel Mein vs Khel Khel Mein''
! ''{{nowrap|Stand-up}} Comedy Special ''
! ''Raksha Bandhan Special''
! ''Janmashtami Special''
! ''Yaadon Ki Baarat Special''
! '' Media Special''
! ''Laughter Chefs Junction''
! colspan=2 |''Ganesh Chaturthi Special''
! ''Adla Badli Special 3''
! ''Birthday Special''
! ''Atrangi Nautanki Special''
! ''Karaoke Night Special''
! ''JZ ke Rockstars vs Gulabi Faloode''
! ''Laughter Chefs Memories Special''
! ''Navratri Special 1''
! ''Navratri Special 2''
|-
! colspan="53" style="background:#000;" |
|- style="background:#cfc;" |
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | ''Laughter Chefs of the Week''
| colspan=4 | Ankita & Vicky
| colspan=4 | Arjun & Karan
| colspan=4 | Aly & Rahul
| colspan=4 | Arjun & Karan
| colspan=4 | Nia & Sudesh
| colspan=4 bgcolor=#ccc| ''Not Awarded''
| colspan=3 | Krushna & Kashmera
| colspan="25" style="background:#ccc;" |''Discontinued''
|- style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Recipes
| Jalebi
| Samosa
| Laddoo
| Momos
| Plain Dosa
| Litti Chokha
| Cake Decoration
| Veg Noodles <hr />Manchurian
| Masala Doodh <hr />Rasmalai
| Rumali Roti <hr />Veg Seekh Kabab
| Chocolate Mousse <hr />Choco Bowls
| Kathal Patty Buns <hr />Potato Twisters
| Innovative Pani-puri
| Pizza
| Shahi Fal Barfi
| Shahi Pulao <hr />Shahi Veg Korma
| Medu Vada <hr />Sambhar
| Arisi Murukku
| Chole Bhature
| Gujiya
| Champakali Nimki <hr />Tandoori Chai
| Paratha <hr />Pyaaz Achaar
| Pasta Tortellini <hr />Farfalle
| Croissant
| Phool Kachori Saunt Chutney<hr />Parda Biryani<hr />Ghevar Rose-flavoured Rabri
| Green Thai Curry
| Chidiya Ka Ghosla
| Zucchini Mushroom Brownie
| Bharwa Mirchi Salan <hr />Khoba Roti
| Cactus Stuffed Cheeze Fry Roll / Food Custard In Glass / Paneer Steak & Stir-Fry Vegetables
| Curry Pakoda / Makki Ki Roti Sarso Ka Saag / Methi Matar Malai Fulka Roti
| Cheesy Pav Bhaji <hr />Barf Gola
| Vrat Thali: Kuttu Puri, Singadha Sabzi, Makhana Raayta, Naariyal Laddu, Sabudana Katori Chaat
| Vada Pav <hr />Missal Pav
| Thai Noodles
| Chocolate Paratha
| Veg Sizzler
| Edible Rakhi
| Krishna Bhog (Makhan Mishri, Kalakand and Panjiri)
| Black & White Rice Sushi <hr />Sushi essentials
| Mirchi Halwa Pockets
| Bharwa Karela <hr />Thepla
| Alu Vadi <hr />Thecha
| Ukadichi Modak
| Nadir Yakhin <hr />Noon Chai
| Upside-down Pineapple Cake <hr />Rose Potato Chips
| Atrangi Rang Birangi Idli Kulfi <hr />Arhar Dal Sajjan Fali Rasam <hr />Coconut Milkshake
| Rajasthani Govind Gatte <hr />Tandoori Roti
| ''Salad:'' Watermelon Ship Orange Cat<hr />''Main Course:'' Hariyali Aloo Nazakat<hr /> ''Dessert:'' Son Papdi
| Khow Suey
| Khandvi <hr />Piyush
| Mushroom Fillings Cheesy Tacos <hr />Churros
|-
! colspan="54" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" |Aly & Rahul
! colspan=3|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=2|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=2|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=5|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=2|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Aly & Reem)''
! colspan=3|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Starters) (Team Ladkewale)''
! colspan=2|
|style="background:#ffc;"|[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| rowspan="6" bgcolor=#ccc|''Team Naagin''
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="6" bgcolor="#ccc" |''Team Khel Khel Mein''
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Aly & Kashmera)''
!
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Mimicry)''
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=3|
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×17
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Arjun & Karan
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Karan & Krushna)''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Karan & Reem)''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Dessert) (Team Ladkewale)''
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(vs. Shilpa, Aly & Rahul)''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2”" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×16
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Ankita & Vicky
!
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=4|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=7|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=12|
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(vs. Krishna Krushna, & Kashmera)''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Ankita; Stand-up Comedy)''
!
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=2|
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Mimicry)''
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×14
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | {{nowrap|Krushna &}} Kashmera
! colspan="8" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="7" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Karan & Krushna)''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Krushna & Nia)''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Main Course) (Team Ladkewale)''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(vs. Arjun & Karan)''
!
!
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Aly & Kashmera)''
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×14
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Jannat & Reem
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Aly & Reem)''
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Karan & Reem)''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(vs. Shalin, Nia & Sudesh)''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(vs. Aly & Rahul)''
!
!
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="8" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
|[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×13
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Nia & Sudesh
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=17|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan=2|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Krushna & Nia)''
! colspan=3|
| style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(vs. Ankita & Vicky)''
!
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Nia; Stand-up Comedy)''
! colspan="9" |
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Mimicry)''
|style="background:#ffc;"| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Karaoke)''
! colspan="4" |
|[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×9
|-
! colspan="54" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Notes
! colspan=4|
| colspan=2 | ''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
! colspan=12|
| colspan=2 | ''[[#endnote 2|2]]''
! colspan=5|
| ''[[#endnote 3|3]]''
|''[[#endnote 4|4]]''
| colspan=2 | ''[[#endnote 5|5]]'', ''[[#endnote 6|6]]''
| ''[[#endnote 5|5]]'', ''[[#endnote 7|7]]''
! colspan=2|
| ''[[#endnote 8|8]]''
!
| colspan=2| ''[[#endnote 9|9]]''
| ''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
! colspan="2" |
| colspan="1" | ''[[#endnote 11|11]]''
|''[[#endnote 12|12]]''
| colspan="3" |''[[#endnote 13|13]]''
! colspan=2|
|''[[#endnote 14|14]]''
|''[[#endnote 15|15]]''
|''[[#endnote 16|16]]''
|''[[#endnote 17|17]]''
|''[[#endnote 18|18]]''
|''[[#endnote 18|18]]'', ''[[#endnote 19|19]]''
!
|}
</div>

==== Notes ====
{{refbegin}}
*{{note|1|1}}: ''Participants had to use desi kitchen utensils.''
*{{note|2|2}}: ''During each round, family member of one of the participant assisted.''
*{{note|3|3}}: ''Genie, that is friends of participants assisted them in cooking.''
*{{note|4|4}}: ''In round two, Genie and one of the participant competed.''
*{{note|5|5}}: ''Reem was absent and was replaced by Faisal.''
*{{note|6|6}}: ''In round two, Orry assisted Nia and Sudesh in cooking after they bid highest for him.''
*{{note|7|7}}: ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 14]] contestants assisted participants in a verses round.''
*{{note|8|8}}: ''Girls and Boys competed against each other as team 'Naagin' and 'Sapera' respectively, No stars awarded.''
*{{note|9|9}}: ''The star cast of [[Khel Khel Mein (2024 film)|Khel Khel Mein]] competed against participants in a team rounds, with the teams named 'Khel Khel Mein' and 'Tel Tel Mein' respectively.''
*{{note|10|10}}: ''Participants also performed stand-up comedy during the cooking.''
*{{note|11|11}}: ''Arjun was not present.''
*{{note|12|12}}: ''Arjun was absent and was replaced by Faisal.''
*{{note|13|13}}: ''Aly was absent and was replaced by Faisal.''
*{{note|14|14}}: ''Participants also performed mimicry during the cooking.''
*{{note|15|15}}: ''Participants also performed Karaoke during the cooking.''
*{{note|16|16}}: ''Participants competed against each other in a team round, with teams led by Ankita and Jannat, named 'Gulabi Faloode' and 'JZ Ke Rockstars,' respectively.''
*{{note|17|17}}: ''Reem and Sudesh got injured during the cooking and skit activities, respectively, and were not present.''
*{{note|18|18}}: ''Rahul was absent and was replaced by [[Munawar Faruqui|Munawar]].''
*{{note|19|19}}: ''The final episode ended on a [[cliffhanger]].''
{{refend}}

==Season 2==
The second season premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 25 January 2025 hosted by [[Bharti Singh]] and judged by [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]]. It concluded on 27 July 2025 and streams digitally on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laughter Chefs Season 2: Release Date, OTT Platform & Everything You Need To Know! |url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/laughter-chefs-season-2-release-date-ott-platform-everything-you-need-to-know/449536/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=News24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-24 |title=Laughter Chefs 2: From Rubina Dilaik to Ankita Lokhande, Elvish Yadav; confirmed contestants list of the show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-2-from-rubina-dilaik-to-ankita-lokhande-elvish-yadav-confirmed-contestants-list-of-the-show/photostory/116625808.cms |access-date=2025-07-29 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The second season was won by [[Elvish Yadav]] and [[Karan Kundrra]], with [[Aly Goni]] and [[Reem Sheikh]] finishing second.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-28 |title=Laughter Chefs 2 Winners Are Karan Kundrra, Elvish Yadav; Duo Celebrates 'Special Experiences' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/laughter-chefs-2-winners-are-karan-kundrra-elvish-yadav-duo-celebrates-special-experiences-article-152358747 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

===Format===
It features participants cooking dishes with particular criteria assigned by celebrity chef [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]] who judges the dishes alongside [[Bharti Singh]]. The pair or pairs with the most accurate delicacy receive stars. Towards the end of the season, several twists were introduced to win even more stars.

=== Participants ===
* Abhishek Kumar and Samarth Jurel<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-20 |title=Laughter Chefs: Unlimited Entertainment Season 2: Samarth Jurel roped in; to showcase his cooking skills in the upcoming show |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-unlimited-entertainment-season-2-samarth-jurel-roped-in-to-showcase-his-cooking-skills-in-the-upcoming-show/articleshow/116512148.cms |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Abdu Rozik]] / [[Karan Kundrra]]{{efn|name=fn1|Abdu quit the show for Ramadan in episode 17 and was replaced by Karan.}} and [[Elvish Yadav]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-16 |title=Laughter Chefs season 2: Expected release and new additions like Elvish Yadav, Rubina Dilaik |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/laughter-chefs-season-2-expected-release-and-new-additions-like-elvish-yadav-rubina-dilaik-648531.html |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* [[Ankita Lokhande]] and Vicky Jain
* [[Kashmera Shah]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=byMXVygnUIEIjD9n&v=5dHetcXC8Ow&feature=youtu.be |title=Kashmera Shah Shows Her Nose Injury, Back On Laughter Chef 2 Krushna Gets Emotonal |date=2024-12-23 |last=TellyMasala |access-date=2024-12-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and [[Krushna Abhishek]]
* [[Mannara Chopra]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-20 |title=Laughter Chefs: Unlimited Entertainment 2: After retaining Ankita Lokhande and Vicky Jain, Mannara Chopra roped in for the new season |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-unlimited-entertainment-after-retaining-ankita-lokhande-and-vicky-jain-mannara-chopra-roped-in-for-the-new-season/articleshow/116485840.cms |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> / [[Nia Sharma]]{{efn|name=fn2|Mannara quit the show due to prior work commitments in episode 25 and was replaced by Nia.}} and [[Sudesh Lehri]]
* [[Rahul Vaidya]] and [[Rubina Dilaik]]
* [[Aly Goni]] and [[Reem Shaikh]]{{efn|name=fn3|Aly & Reem entered as wildcards in episode 25.}}

==== Notes ====
{{notelist}}

=== Weekly summary ===
<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto">
{|class="wikitable"style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:85%;
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! colspan="4" |Week 1
! colspan="4" |Week 2
! colspan="4" |Week 3
! colspan="4" |Week 4
! colspan="4" |Week 5
! colspan="3" |Week 6
! colspan="4" |Week 7
! colspan="4" |Week 8
! colspan="4" |Week 9
! colspan="4" |Week 10
! colspan="4" |Week 11
! colspan="4" |Week 12
! colspan="4" |Week 13
! colspan="4" |Week 14
! colspan="4" |Week 15
! colspan="4" |Week 16
! colspan="4" |Week 17
! colspan="4" |Week 18
! colspan="4" |Week 19
! colspan="4" |Week 20
! colspan="4" |Week 21
! colspan="4" |Week 22
! colspan="4" |Week 23
! colspan="4" |Week 24
! colspan="4" |Week 25
! colspan="4" |Week 26
! colspan="3" |Week 27
! rowspan="4"style="background:#ffc;"| Stars Received
|-
! colspan="2" |''Grand Premiere 1''
! colspan="2" |''Grand Premiere 2''
! colspan="2" |3
! colspan="2" |4
! colspan="2" |''Valentine Week Special''
! colspan="2" |6
! colspan="2" |''Beach Special''
! colspan="2" |''Laughter Chefs Dhaba Special''
! colspan="2" |''Mahashivratri Special''
! colspan="2" |''Team Elvish vs Team Abhishek''
! colspan="2" |''Bollywood Night Special''
! ''Laughter Chefs Circus Special''
! colspan="2" |''Women's Day Special''
! colspan="2" |''Holi Special''
! colspan="2" |''Adla Badli Special 1''
! colspan="2" |''Adla Badli Special 2''
! colspan="2" |''Bhola Is Back With A Bang''
! colspan="2" |''Bachpan Special''
! colspan="2" |''Groom Hunt For Mannara!''
! colspan="2" |''Team Indian Bhauji vs Team Western Bhauji''
! colspan="2" |''Padosi Sabzi Mandi Special''
! colspan="2" |''Ram Navami Special''
! colspan="2" |''Tasting Twist Special''
! colspan="2" |''Astrology Special''
! colspan="2" |''Wildcard Special''
! colspan="2" |''Chef Harpal Birthday Special''
! colspan="2" |''Kitty Party Special''
! colspan="2" |''Mango Special''
! colspan="2" |''World Laughter Day Special''
! colspan="2" |''Fashion Show Special''
! colspan="2" |''Summer Camp Special''
! colspan="2" |''Mother's Day Special''
! colspan="2" |''Desi Kitchen Special''
! colspan="2" |''Laughter Chef Airport Special''
! colspan="2" |''Bharti's Gang Special''
! colspan="2" |''Laughter Chef Breaking News Special''
! colspan="2" |''Krushna Birthday/Krushna and Kashmera Wedding Special''
! colspan="2" |''Laughter Chef One Year Anniversary Special''
! colspan="2" |''XXL Special''
! colspan="2" |''Adla Badli Special 3''
! colspan="2" |''Saas Bahu Special''
! colspan="2" |''Father’s Day Special''
! colspan="2" |''World Music Day Special''
! colspan="2" |''World Yoga Day Special''
! colspan="2" |''‘Metro...In Dino’ Special''
! colspan="2" |''Media Special''
! colspan="2" |''Bharti’s Birthday Special''
! colspan="2" |''Guru Purnima Special''
! colspan="2" |''Bengali Food Special''
! colspan="2" |''50th Episode Special''
! colspan="2" |''Semi Finale 1''
! colspan="2" |''Semi Finale 2''
! colspan="2" |''Grand Finale Party 1''
!''{{nowrap|Grand Finale}} Party 2''
|-
! colspan="107" style="background:#000;" |
|- style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Recipes
| Any Favourite Sweet Dish
| Gajar Rolls
| Burj Khalifa Dosa
| Paneer Pasanda<hr />Multicoloured Roti
| Rumali Papad<hr />Banta Soda Jaljeera
| Maqluba<hr />Labneh
| Gulkand Petha Paan
| Lucknowi Tokri Chaat
| Dilwale Rasgulle
| Stuffed Bread Pakora<hr />Chutney
| Rabdi Imarti
| Stuffed Paratha<hr />Safed Makkhan
| Popcorn<hr />Cotton Candy
| Masala Pav
| Pyaaz Kachori<hr />Lassi
| Masala Bharva Bhindi
| Motichoor Laddu
| Vada<hr />Thandai
| Dhokla<hr />Mathri<hr />Muthiya
| Chole Bhature<hr />Punjabi Kadhi Pakoda<hr />Shankarpali
| Baahubali Samosa
| Judwa Momos
| Biscuit Sugarcane Juice
| Walnut Brownie Sizzler
| Ravioli Caramelle Ai Funghi Con Crema Alfredo
| Gulaal Gulaab
| Dahi Gujiya
| Fafda Chunda
| Veg Anda Curry
| Criss Cross Potato<hr />Designer Coffee
| Kathal Naan Bombs
| Caramel Custard
| American Chopsuey
| Monster Shake Cheeselings
| Balloon Pizza
| Heart Piñata<hr />Tiramisu
| Patthar Wale Suran Shami Kebab
| Khubani Sheer Korma Trifel<hr />Nafrat Ka Sharbat
| Potli Yakhni Pulao<hr />Kachumbar<hr />Shahi Sheermal
| Champakali Ke Phool<hr />Mitti wali Chai
| Idiyappam<hr />Veg Stew
| Zevar
| Bedmi Puri<hr />Aloo ki Sabzi<hr />Ramphal Raita
| Golgappe
| Hara Bhara Bites
| Donut Solar System
| Dal Bati Churma
| {{Nowrap|Phirni Noodles }}In Shahi Cone
| Stuffed Paneer Manchurian <hr />Fried Rice
| Lekin Ragda Pattice
| Pad Kee Mao
| Phus Phus Mexicano
| Kunafa Gulab Jamun
| Aam Ras Puri
| Mango Cheese Cake
| Cake's Cartoon Top
| Pumpkin Gnocchi In Pesto Sauce
| Panna Cotta {{nowrap|In Choco Hand}}
| Chilli Oil Rose Dumplings
| Hot Dogs
| {{nowrap|Cheesy Spinach}} Corn Cups <hr />Hot Choco Bombs
| Mysore Pak
| Paneer Patiala <hr />Fulka Roti
| Kothimbir Vadi
| Doodh Sev Ki Sabzi
| Babka <hr />Sangria Mocktail
| Lebanese Platter Hummus <hr />{{nowrap|Pita Bread}}<hr />Falafel
| Dahi Ke Kebab
| Isomalt Smoothie Bowl
| Pista Malai Ghevar
| Pitod Sabzi <hr />Colors Puri
| Sev Barfi
| Nool Paratha <hr />Dahi Mirchi Ke Tipore
| Bakarwadi Croissant
| Pull Me Up Rasmalai
| Puran Poli
| XXL Noodle Thupka
| Sushi Spoons
| Tandoori Soya Chaap
| Stuffed Nashpati
| Karare Rajma Chawal
| Kaju Kalash
| Bharli Vangi
| Bandar {{nowrap|Drumeshwar Ji}}
| Dholak Swiss Roll
| Gond {{nowrap|Ke Laddu}}
| Green Sandwich <hr />Watermelon Tap Juice
| Bhajiya Platter
| Lava Idli
| Ice-cream
| Paneer Shawarma Pockets
| Aam Papad Chaat <hr />Roasted Aam Panna
| Aloo Gobhi Khakhra Tacos
| Stuffed Malpua <hr />Panchamrit
| Kashiphal Sabzi <hr />Namkeen Puri
| Mach Sondesh <hr />Kheer Kodom
| Hibiscus Boba Tea <hr />Peanut Butter Chocolate Roll
| Pineapple Halwa In Pineapple
| Sichuan Potato Balls
| Bhelpuri Paapdi Cone
| Puttu <hr />Veg Ghassi
| Sapodilla Meringue Cromboloni
| Pizza Flower Pot
| Candy Floss Lollipop <hr />Falooda
| Stuffed Kukurmutta Crackers
| Churro Chocolate Fountain
|-
! colspan="108" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Elvish & Abdu / Karan
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="14" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{small|(Shankarpali)}}''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Abdu & Krushna)}}}}''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×2 ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Abdu & Krushna)}}}} {{nowrap|{{small|(Rubina & Elvish)}}}}''
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Elvish & Nia)}}}}''
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]×4}}
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×7
!
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×20
|style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:gold"| [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]×51
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Aly & Reem
| colspan="47" style="background:#E5E5E5;" |''Not in Competition''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×8
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Aly & Bharti)}}}}''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22x22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Aly, Reem, & Fatima)}}}}''
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden star.svg| 22px]]×3}}
! colspan="4" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×5
! colspan="1" |
|style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×9
!
| style="background:silver"| [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]×38
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Ankita & Vicky
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{small|(Chole Bhature)}}''
! colspan="2" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Ankita & Rubina)}}}}''
! colspan="2" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="14" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="15" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden star.svg| 22px]]×2}}
|style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×2
!
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]×21
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Sudesh & {{nowrap|Mannara / Nia}}
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="8" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Samarth & Sudesh)}}}}''
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="10" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Elvish & Nia)}}}}''
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden star.svg| 22px]]×0}}
! colspan="7" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×3
!
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×19
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Abhishek & Samarth
! colspan="16" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="12" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Samarth & Sudesh)}}}}''
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Abhishek & Rubina)}}}}''
! colspan="13" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden star.svg| 22px]]×5}}
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×9
!
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×18
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Krushna & Kashmera
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''(Apple Kheer)''
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{small|(Punjabi Kadhi Pakoda)}}''
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{small|(Abdu & Krushna)}}''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Abdu & Krushna)}}}}''
! colspan="8" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="11" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="30" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden star.svg| 22px]]×6}}
! colspan="7" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×2
!
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×14
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Rahul & Rubina
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Rubina & Elvish)}}}}''
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Ankita & Rubina)}}}}''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="14" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="13" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Abhishek & Rubina)}}}}''
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Rubina & Jannat)}}}}''
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]] ''{{nowrap|{{small|(Rubina & Jannat)}}}}''
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden star.svg| 22px]]×24}}
!colspan="1" |
|style="background:#ffc;" |
[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×7
!
|style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×5
!
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×13
|-
! colspan="108" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Notes
| ''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
! colspan="3" |
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 2|2]]''
! colspan="2" |
|''[[#endnote 3|3]]''
! colspan="9" |
| colspan="2" |''[[#endnote 4|4]]''
! colspan="17" |
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 5|5]]''
|''[[#endnote 6|6]]''
! colspan="7" |
| ''[[#endnote 7|7]]''
! colspan="7" |
| colspan="4" | ''[[#endnote 8|8]]''
! colspan="3" |
|''[[#endnote 9|9]]''
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
|''[[#endnote 10|10]], [[#endnote 11|11]]''
|''[[#endnote 10|10]]''
| colspan="4" | ''[[#endnote 12|12]]''
! colspan="6" |
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 13|13]]''
| colspan="4" | ''[[#endnote 14|14]]''
| ''[[#endnote 15|15]]'', ''[[#endnote 16|16]]''
| colspan="3" | ''[[#endnote 16|16]]'', ''[[#endnote 17|17]]''
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 18|18]]'', ''[[#endnote 19|19]]''
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 18|18]]''
! colspan="3" |
|''[[#endnote 20|20]]''
!
|''[[#endnote 21|21]]''
! colspan="4" |
|''[[#endnote 22|22]]'', ''[[#endnote 23|23]]''
|''[[#endnote 24|24]]'', ''[[#endnote 25|25]]''
!
|''[[#endnote 26|26]]''
!
|''[[#endnote 27|27]]''
|}
</div>

==== Notes ====
{{refbegin}}
*{{note|1|1}}: ''Participants were asked to cook their favourite sweet dish.''
*{{note|2|2}}: ''Ankita was absent.''
*{{note|3|3}}: ''No star were awarded.''
*{{note|4|4}}: ''Participants competed against each other in a team round, with teams led by Elvish and Abhishek, named 'Team Elvish' and 'Team Abhishek,' respectively.''
*{{note|5|5}}: ''Participants competed against each other in a team round, with teams led by Ankita and Rubina, named 'Team Indian Bhauji' and 'Team Western Bhauji,' respectively.''
*{{note|6|6}}: ''No star were awarded.''
*{{note|7|7}}: ''Aly & Reem received honorary ×8 stars upon entering as wildcards.''
*{{note|8|8}}: ''Rahul was absent and was replaced by [[Jasmin Bhasin|Jasmin]].''
*{{note|9|9}}: ''During the round, the mother of one of the participants assisted at a time.''
*{{note|10|10}}: ''Karan was absent and was replaced by Rajat.''
*{{note|11|11}}: ''No stars were awarded. However, Nia got a ‘Chef Shabashi’ for her ‘Sangria’.''
*{{note|12|12}}: ''Elvish was absent and was replaced by [[Munawar Faruqui|Munawar]].''
*{{note|13|13}}: ''Ankita was absent and was replaced by host [[Bharti Singh|Bharti]].''
*{{note|14|14}}: ''Karan and Rahul were absent. Their partners, Elvish and Rubina, became partners.''
*{{note|15|15}}: ''Elvish was absent.''
*{{note|16|16}}: ''Vicky was absent and was replaced by [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat]].''
*{{note|17|17}}: ''Elvish was absent and was replaced by [[Tejasswi Prakash|Tejasswi]].''
*{{note|18|18}}: ''Rahul was absent and was replaced by [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat]].''
*{{note|19|19}}: ''[[Metro...In Dino]]'' cast assisted the pairs in cooking Bhajiya Platter and picked the ingredients for the Lava Idli.
*{{Note|20|20}}: ''In the round, Pairs competed in teams. Team A, Elvish & Karan, Ankita & Vikki, and Nia & Sudesh. Team B, Aly & Reem, Krushna & Kashmera, Abhishek & Samarth, and Rahul & Rubina.''
*{{Note|21|21}}: ''Pairs were given a chance to double their stars by putting their already won stars at stake. If they lose, the amount of stars put on stake will be deducted from the overall stars won.''
*{{Note|22|22}}: ''[[Divyanka Tripathi]], Isha Malviya, [[Shraddha Arya]], [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]], [[Eisha Singh]] assisted the bottom five pairs in cooking.''
*{{Note|23|23}}: ''In the round, five stars were awarded.''
*{{Note|24|24}}: ''Divyanka Tripathi, Isha Malviya, Shraddha Arya, Devoleena Bhattacharjee, Eisha Singh, [[Avika Gor]] and Milind Chandwani assisted the pairs in cooking.''
*{{Note|25|25}}: ''In the round, Seven stars were awarded.''
*{{Note|26|26}}: ''In the round, the live audience tasted the dish blindly and awarded their individual star to the pair.''
*{{Note|27|27}}: ''In the end, Elvish and Karan lifted the trophy, while Aly and Reem were awarded the Diamond Star.''
{{refend}}

=== Reception ===
Like the previous season, Season two also achieved success in terms of viewership and TRP rankings. It was ranked the No. 1 non-fiction show among all Hindi GEC shows during its run and consistently ranked among the top 10 most watched shows.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-06 |title=TRP Race Week 4: Laughter Chefs 2 Makes Grand Opening In Top 10 BEATS Celebrity Master Chefs |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-4-laughter-chefs-2-makes-grand-opening-in-top-10-beats-celebrity-master-chefs-article-117980221 |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

==Season 3==
The third season premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 22 November 2025 hosted by [[Bharti Singh]] and judged by [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-22 |title='Laughter Chefs' returns with season 3; Bharti Singh and Chef Harpal Singh Sokhi to make a comeback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-returns-with-season-3-bharti-singh-and-chef-harpal-singh-sokhi-to-make-a-comeback/articleshow/124735331.cms |access-date=2025-10-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It streams on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-21 |title=Arjun Bijlani steps in as the temporary HOST for 'Laughter Chef Season 3' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/arjun-bijlani-steps-in-as-the-temporary-host-for-laughter-chef-season-3/articleshow/126102040.cms |access-date=2025-12-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Team Kaanta ([[Aly Goni]], [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat Zubair]], [[Krushna Abhishek]], [[Kashmera Shah]], Abhishek Kumar and Samarth Jurel) won the first part of the season.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-26 |title=‘Laughter Chefs Season 3’ winner: Aly Goni’s team Kaanta takes the trophy, beats Elvish Yadav’s team Chhuri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-season-3-winner-aly-gonis-team-kaanta-takes-the-trophy-beats-elvish-yadavs-team-chhuri/articleshow/127521918.cms |access-date=2026-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Format===
In the first part, participants cooking dishes divided into two teams, ''Team Chhuri'' and ''Team Kaanta'' with particular criteria assigned by celebrity chef [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]] who judges the dishes alongside [[Bharti Singh]]. The pair or pairs with the most accurate delicacy receive stars, and a star is also awarded to their team. In the season, the stars leaderboard were also introduced.

The second part of the season features participants cooking dishes with particular criteria assigned by celebrity chef [[Harpal Singh Sokhi]] who judges the dishes alongside [[Bharti Singh]]. The pair or pairs with the most accurate delicacy receive stars.{{cn|date=March 2026}}

===Participants===
In first part, participants features in pairs in teams until episode 20.

'''Teams'''
* Team Kaanta: Abhishek Kumar, Samarth Jurel, [[Aly Goni]], [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat Zubair]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Akankshya |title=Laughter Chefs Season 3 Begins Shooting! Bharti Singh, Krushna Abhishek-Kashmera Shah And Other OGs Return- Check The Full Cast List |url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/tv/laughter-chefs-season-3-begins-shooting-check-the-full-list/ |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=Bollywood Bubble |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kashmera Shah]] and [[Krushna Abhishek]].
* Team Chhuri: [[Debina Bonnerjee]], [[Gurmeet Choudhary]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/r45fgnNwMlg |title=Debina Bonnerjee With Gurmeet Choudhary Makes Grand Entrance on Laughter Chefs Season 3|language=en |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Youtube}}</ref> [[Eisha Singh]], [[Vivian Dsena]], [[Elvish Yadav]], Isha Malviya,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isha Malviya to join Laughter Chefs 3? Here's what we know |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/isha-malviya-to-join-laughter-chefs-3-here-what-we-know-pati-patni-aur-panga-23600080 |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> [[Karan Kundrra]] and [[Tejasswi Prakash]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Laughter Chefs Season 3 Full Contestants List: Tejasswi Prakash, Vivian Dsena and Others Join The Cast |url=https://www.herzindagi.com/tv-ott/laughter-chefs-season-3-full-contestants-list-with-photos-tejasswi-prakash-vivian-dsena-karan-kunda-elvish-yadav-article-1045181 |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Herzindagi |language=en}}</ref>

'''Pairs'''
*Abhishek Kumar and Samarth Jurel
*[[Aly Goni]] and [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani|Jannat Zubair]]
*[[Ankita Lokhande]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2026-01-21 |title=Laughter Chefs Season 3 to bring major changes: OG Arjun Bijlani, Ankita Lokhande–Vicky Jain return as Team Kaanta vs Churi ends |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/laughter-chefs-season-3-to-bring-major-changes-og-arjun-bijlani-ankita-lokhandevicky-jain-return-as-team-kaanta-vs-churi-ends/photostory/127005632.cms |access-date=2026-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and Vicky Jain
*[[Arjun Bijlani]] and [[Tejasswi Prakash]]
*[[Elvish Yadav]] and [[Karan Kundrra]]
*[[Kashmera Shah]] and [[Krushna Abhishek]]
*[[Nia Sharma]] and [[Sudesh Lehri]]

===Weekly summary===
'''Teams'''
<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:85%;"
|-
! rowspan="4" |Teams
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! colspan="4" | Week 1
! colspan="4" | Week 2
! colspan="4" | Week 3
! colspan="4" | Week 4
! colspan="4" | Week 5
! colspan="4" | Week 6
! colspan="4" | Week 7
! colspan="4" | Week 8
! colspan="4" | Week 9
! colspan="5" | Week 10
!colspan="2"rowspan="4"style="background:#ffc;"| Stars Received
! rowspan="4" style="background:#FED8B1;" | Team Stars Received
|-
! colspan="2" |''Grand Premiere 1''
! colspan="2" |''Grand Premiere 2''
! colspan="2" |''Team Chhuri Ko Mili Kaante Ki Takkar''
! colspan="2" |''Chef Mode: Up In The Air''
! colspan="2" |''Habibi! Lets Cook Dubai Style''
! colspan="2" |''Parent Teacher Meeting''
! colspan="2" |''Powerstar Aa Gail''
! colspan="2" |''Kapil Sharma In The House''
! colspan="2" |''Dhak Dhak! Madhuri Graces The Show''
! colspan="2" |''Ho Ho Ho.. Santa In The Kitchen''
! colspan="2" |''A Special Baby Shower For Bharti''
! colspan="2" |''Kitchen Concert With Sunidhi Chauhan''
! colspan="2" |''Student Of The Year With LC Edition''
! colspan="2" |''Purani Khau Galli vs Nayi Khau Galli''
! colspan="2" |''Arjun Is out In The Family''
! colspan="2" |''Happy Lohri''
! colspan="2" |''Karan On Fire:Taking Charge''
! colspan="2" |''When Laughter Chefs Meet Splitsvilla''
! colspan="2" |''Bharati Ki Waapsi Final Face-off Mein''
! colspan="3" |''Team Kaanta Aur Chhuri Ka Akhari Vaar''
|-
! colspan="42" style="background:#000;" |
|- style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Recipes
| Paneer Jaleba
| Panjabi Samosa<hr>French Espresso
| Chana Jor Garam<hr>Madhumati Mojito
| Veg Kheema {{nowrap|Ghotala-e-}}Guldasta
| Jam Atta Biscuit
| Cassava Pupusa
| Makhan Tarbooj
| Flower Spring Roll
| Kunafa Bil Fustaq Wal Tamr
| Mansaf
| Maa Ki Chappal<hr>Baap Ka Thappad
| Cheese Burst Frankie
| Gud Thekua
| Bhaukaal Baingan Chokha
| Parantha<hr>Lassi
| Gajar Halwa Truffles
| Topi Dal Pakwan
| Ukadiche Modak
| Snow Globe
| Christmas Charlie
| Cake Cone
| Lachha Burger<hr>Channa Tikki
| Shrikhand Cigarillos
| Cranberry Cheese<hr>Custard Bombs<hr>Ram Laddu
| Kurram Kurram<hr>Cola Drink
| Paneer Pesto Pizza
| Kachora
| Usal Poha
| Chom Chom
| Edible Soup Cup
| Popcorn
| Sarson Da Saag<hr>Makki Di Roti
| Suji Rusk<hr>Masala Chai
| Hanson Ka Joda
| Marshmallow<hr>Hot Chocolate
| Ravioli Di Ricotta e Spinaci Al Burro e Limone
| Memory Cookies
| Tandoori Matar Kulcha
| colspan="2" |{{nowrap|XL Paani Puri}} Aur 2 Paani
| Star Malpua
|-
! colspan="46" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! rowspan="3" style="position: sticky; left: 0;" |Team Kaanta
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | {{nowrap|Abhishek &}} Samarth
! colspan="10" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="11" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×4
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×7
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]x5
| rowspan="3" style="background:gold;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×36
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Aly & Jannat
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×17
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Krushna & Kashmera
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
!
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×7
|-
! rowspan="4" style="position: sticky; left: 0;" |Team Chhuri
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Elvish & Isha
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
|{{Eliminated|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]}}×1
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="7" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="13" |
| rowspan="4" style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×5
!
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×3
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]x5
| rowspan="4" style="background:silver;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×34
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Gurmeet & Debina
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="13" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="14" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×5
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Karan & Tejasswi
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×13
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Vivian & Eisha
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="7" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="15" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="7" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]×8
|-
! colspan="47" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! colspan="2" style="position: sticky; left: 0;" ! | Notes
| ''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
! colspan="10" |
| ''[[#endnote 2|2]]''
! colspan="7" |
| ''[[#endnote 3|3]]''
! colspan="3" |
| ''[[#endnote 4|4]]''
! colspan="4" |
| ''[[#endnote 5|5]]'', ''[[#endnote 6|6]]''
| colspan="3" | ''[[#endnote 5|5]]''
! colspan="4" |
| ''[[#endnote 7|7]]''
!
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 8|8]]''
! colspan="3" |
| ''[[#endnote 9|9]]''
|}
</div>

==== Notes ====
{{refbegin}}
*{{note|1|1}}: ''The pairs were divided into two teams, Team Chhuri and Team Kaanta.''
*{{note|2|2}}: ''Team Chhuri lost one star after Isha Malviya entered the pantry out of turn which led one of her and Elvish's star being penalised.''
*{{note|3|3}}: ''A team task held in which teams had to play in groups and whole group is given a single team star.''
*{{note|4|4}}: ''A fun task held between girls and boys in which all the girls are in one team and boys are in another. Hence, no star was given.''
*{{note|5|5}}: '' Karan was absent and was replaced by Arjun.''
*{{note|6|6}}: ''No star were awarded.''
*{{note|7|7}}: ''No star were awarded.''
*{{Note|8|8}}: ''In the round, Teams were given a chance to win even more stars by putting their already won stars at stake. If they lose, the amount of stars put on stake will be deducted from the overall stars won. Team Kaanta staked 4 stars, while Team Chhuri staked 5 stars. A pair from both teams won the round and received additional stars equal to the number they had staked.''
*{{Note|9|9}}: ''In the end, Team Kaanta lifted the trophy.''
{{refend}}

'''Pairs'''
<div style="overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto;font-size:85%;"
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" rowspan="2" | Episodes
! colspan="4" |Week 11
! colspan="4" |Week 12
! colspan="4" |Week 13
! colspan="4" |Week 14
! colspan="4" |Week 15
! colspan="4" |Week 16
! colspan="4" |Week 17
! colspan="4" |Week 18
! colspan="4" |Week 19
! colspan="4" |Week 20
! colspan="4" |Week 21
! colspan="3" |Week 22
! colspan="4" |Week 23
! colspan="4" |Week 24
! rowspan="4" style="background:#ffc;" | Stars Received
|-
! colspan="2" |SAVAN is Back
! colspan="2" |Teja-Arjun's Epic Comeback
! colspan="2" |Manmarzi Special
! colspan="2" |Propose Day Special
! colspan="2" |Valentine Day Special
! colspan="2" |Laughter Chefs’ House Chefs Special
! colspan="2" |Sanjeev Kapoor Special
! colspan="2" |Aly’s Birthday Special
! colspan="2" |Laughter Chefs Go Wild!
! colspan="2" |Holi Ke Rang, Laughter Chefs Ke Sang
! colspan="2" |The Laughter Clinic
! colspan="2" |Women’s Day Special
! colspan="2" |Chefs Premier League
! colspan="2" |Laughter Chefs Mela
! colspan="2" |Mamta Kulkarni in the House
! colspan="2" |Eid Celebrations Special
! colspan="2" |Happy World Theatre Day!
! colspan="2" |Happy April Fools' Day!
! colspan="2" |Joint Families Grace the Kitchen
! colspan="2" |Dacoits in the Kitchen
! colspan="2" |Bhoots in the Kitchen
! colspan="2" |Happy Baisakhi
! colspan="2" |Breaking News from the Kitchen
! colspan="1" |Happy Birthday, Chef Harpal!
! colspan="2" |A Birthday Surprise for Samarth
! colspan="2" |The Lord of Laughter
! colspan="2" |Mami Day
! colspan="2" |World Laughter Day
|-
! colspan="56" style="background:#000;" |
|- style="background:#B2FFFF;" |
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Recipes
|Chaturth Jalebi
|Patti Samosa
|Shirvale<hr>Shikhran
|Paneer Makhni
|Any Dish with Onion, Garlic or Ginger
|Own Choice Dish
|Aloo Chop
|Dal Dhokli
|Love Bear Cookie
|Beetroot Lavash
|Suji Pockets
|Stuffed Portobello Mushroom
|Bombay Halwa
|Bhaap Badi Salan
|Trifle Cake
|Nadru Seekh Kebab
|Banana Chips
|Nangua Hua Fritters and Honey Chilly Sauce
|Thandai Ke Gubbare
|Teekha Gathiya and Amrud Ki Chutney
|Amlaprash
|Lentil Burger Bun and Sweet Potato Patty
|Kangan Kai Murukku
|Baingan Borani
|Pico De Gallo Season Ball
|Poori<hr>Aloo Ghee Roast
|Choco Chuski
|Jhula with Schezwan Fried Rice
|Laung Latika
|Punjabi Kadhi
|Diamond Falooda
|Phulgobi Posto and Luchi
|Jaali Samosa
|Apple Cinnamon Pie
|Koyla Candy
|Dahi Bhalla Cake
|Sabudana Khichdi, Dahi Tamatar Chutney and Tulsi Adrak Chai
|Sev Tamatar Sabji, Phulka and Heart Fryums
|Gunpowder Goli
|Croquettes De Colocasia
|Tater Tots and Corn Ribs
|Palak Paneer
|Gudpare
|Kheer Kodum
|Sansani Sharla Chaat
|Dabang Designer Dhokla
|Patiala Katlamba
|Horse Bombolini
|Dil Phenk Basundi Paratha
|Canape with Cheddar Veggies
|Paneer Tikka Masala
|Chana Papdi Chaat
|Mami Noodle Soup
|Smiley
|Hasta Kofta
|-
! colspan="57" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | {{nowrap|Abhishek &}} Samarth
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="10" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
!colspan="1"rowspan="7"| Tie
!colspan="1"rowspan="7"| Team Gas Won
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="12" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22px]]×10
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Aly & Jannat
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]](Onion Halwa)
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×20
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Ankita & Vicky
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]](Matar Nimona)
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="10" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="8" |
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×9
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Arjun & Tejasswi
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]](Lasagna)
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="8" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="11" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×15
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Elvish & Karan
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
!
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]](Ginger Strips Fortune Cookies)
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]](Bharwa Capsicum Gravy)
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×19
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Krushna & Kashmera
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="12" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="9" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="2" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="5" |
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×10
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Nia & Sudesh
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]](Lobia Masala)
! colspan="5" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="3" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="13" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="6" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="7" |
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
| style="background:#ffc;" | [[File:Golden star.svg|22px]]
! colspan="1" |
|[[File:Golden_star.svg|22x22px]]×10
|-
! colspan="59" style="background:#000;" |
|-
! style="position: sticky; left: 0;" | Notes
! colspan="22" |
| ''[[#endnote 1|1]]''
!
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 2|2]]''
! colspan="10" |
| colspan="2" | ''[[#endnote 3|3]]''
! colspan="19" |
|}
</div>

==== Notes ====
{{refbegin}}
*{{note|1|1}}: ''No star were awarded.''
*{{note|2|2}}: ''Participants competed in teams named 'Team Gas' and 'Team Lighter', captained by Arjun and Karan, respectively. No stars rewarded. Additionally, Ankita was absent and was replaced by Reem.''
*{{note|3|3}}: ''Participants competed in teams named 'Sharma Family' and 'Lehri Family'.''
{{refend}}

===Reception===
Season three was the number-one ranked non-fiction show among all Hindi GEC programs and the third-ranked show overall in its debut week. The third season achieved higher TRP ratings compared to its first two seasons.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Laughter Chefs' Beats 'Taarak Mehta...' In TRP Race; 'Anupamaa' And 'Kyunki Saas Bhi...' Maintain Strong Hold |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/laughter-chefs-season-3-beats-taarak-mehta-in-trp-race-anupamaa-and-kyunki-maintain-strong-hold-ws-l-9751322.html |website=News18}}</ref> The show became a major hit on Colors TV, launching as the year's biggest non-fiction show with a high 2.2 TRP (SD + HD) and ranking high on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=content |first=afaqs! partner |title=Laughter Chefs: India's #1 non-fiction show – The perfect platform for winning brand recipes |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/marketing-initiatives/laughter-chefs-indias-1-non-fiction-show-the-perfect-platform-for-winning-brand-recipes-10781313 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=www.afaqs.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laughter Chefs - Unlimited Entertainment}}
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian cooking television series]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television series by Optimystix Entertainment]]

Operation Raavan

2026-05-06T00:21:53Z

NoemiConley374: New basic details nd citations.

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Venkata Satya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Operation Raavan
| image = Operation Raavan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Venkata Satya
| screenplay =
| writer = {{plain list|
* Venkata Satya
* Lakshmi Lohith Pujari
}}
| producer = Dhyan Atluri
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Rakshit Atluri]]
* Sangeerthana Vipin
}}
| cinematography = Nani Chamidisetty
| editing = Satya Giduturi
| music = Saravana Vasudevan
| studio = Sudhas Media
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|07|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Operation Raavan''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by Venkata Satya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-26 |title='Palasa 1978' fame Rakshit Atluri's intriguing next titled "Operation Raavan", first lookout |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/palasa-1978-fame-rakshit-atluris-intriguing-next-titled-operation-raavan-first-lookout/articleshow/97348366.cms |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913105146/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/palasa-1978-fame-rakshit-atluris-intriguing-next-titled-operation-raavan-first-lookout/articleshow/97348366.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film features [[Rakshit Atluri]] and Sangeerthana Vipin in lead roles. ''Operation Raavan'' was released on 26 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-07-24 |title='Operation Raavan' comes with a unique approach; challenges audience |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/operation-raavan-comes-with-a-unique-approach-challenges-audience-894199 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811143811/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/operation-raavan-comes-with-a-unique-approach-challenges-audience-894199 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sravani |first=Nellore |date=2024-07-25 |title=Rakshit Atluri: The Vijayawada-born actor trying to make his mark in the Telugu film industry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/rakshit-atluri-the-outsider-trying-to-etch-his-name-in-the-telugu-film-industry/article68446483.ece |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811143811/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/rakshit-atluri-the-outsider-trying-to-etch-his-name-in-the-telugu-film-industry/article68446483.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story revolves around a young journalist Anand Sriram, who works at TV45 under Aamani, a senior journalist. While Aamani is struggling to expose the corruption of a minister, they encounter mysterious murders of brides-to-be. As police fails to solve the case, Anand and Aamani unofficially start investigating on their own, discovering clues and finding Jeevitha at the heart of the mystery.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

==Cast==

* [[Rakshit Atluri]] as Anand Sriram
* [[Sangeerthana Vipin]] as Aamani
* [[Raghu Kunche]] as a minister
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar]] as Jeevitha
* [[Charan Raj]]
* [[Vinod Sagar]]
* S. S. Kanchi
* Rocket Raghava
* Murthy Devagupthapu

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Operation Raavan
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Saravana Vasudevan
| released = 2024
| recorded = 2023{{ndash}}2024
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = Saravana Vasudevan
}}

The film's [[soundtrack|soundtrack album]] and [[background score]] were composed by Saravana Vasudevan.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = Saravana Vasudevan
| title1 = Chandamaama Kathalonaa
| length1 =
| lyrics1 = Purnachary
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| title2 = Nithyam Kolichemu Swaami
| length2 =
| lyrics2 = Pranavam
| extra2 = Sandilya Pisapati
| title3 = Gamaname Thappe Gathulane
| lyrics3 = Pranavam
| extra3 = Darbha Sisters, [[N. C. Karunya]]
| title4 = Allukunna Ee Bandhame
| lyrics4 = Pranavam
| extra4 = Sandilya Pisapati
| title5 = Raavana Thaandavam (Theme Music)
| lyrics5 = Traditional
| extra5 = Aditya Bheemathati
| title6 = Poem
| lyrics6 = Karuna Sri
| extra6 = [[N. C. Karunya]]
}}

==Release and reception==
''Operation Raavan'' was released on 26 July 2024.{{Citation needed|date=May 2026}}

Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave a rating of 2 out of 5 opining that the film is "a listless thriller" with nothing new to offer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-27 |title=Operation Raavan Movie Review: A Listless Thriller With Nothing New To Offer |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/operation-raavan-movie-review-a-listless-thriller-with-nothing-new-to-offer-review-112050679 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811143811/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/operation-raavan-movie-review-a-listless-thriller-with-nothing-new-to-offer-review-112050679 |url-status=live }}</ref> Giving the same rating, Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' cited the film to be "bland and boring".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Operation Raavan Review: The Rakshit Atluri thriller is bland and boring |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/operation-raavan-review-the-rakshit-atluri-thriller-is-bland-and-boring/a33365091e961 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811143811/https://www.ottplay.com/review/operation-raavan-review-the-rakshit-atluri-thriller-is-bland-and-boring/a33365091e961 |url-status=live }}</ref> BH Harsh of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave a rating of 1.5 out of 5 saying, "''Operation Raavan'', in its entirety, remains a tiring and dull whodunit".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-07-27 |title='Operation Raavan' movie: A dull and tiring whodunit |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jul/27/operation-raavan-movie-a-dull-and-tiring-whodunit |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811143811/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jul/27/operation-raavan-movie-a-dull-and-tiring-whodunit |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|28629230|title=Operation Raavan}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]

Operation Lotus (BJP)

2026-04-29T12:46:50Z

NoemiConley374: New basic entry nd citations

{{short description|Incidents of Political corruption in India based on bribery}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Political corruption sidebar}}
{{Politics of India}}
<section begin="lead section" />'''Operation Lotus''' also known as '''Operation Kamala''', is a term coined in 2008 to describe a political strategy used by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. The operation was led by former minister [[G. Janardhana Reddy]] and involved efforts to secure support from legislators of opposition parties. This approach enabled the BJP to bypass the provisions of the [[Anti-defection law (India)|anti-defection law]] and achieve a majority in the state assembly.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/after-falling-short-of-numbers-bjp-revisits-operation-kamala-of-2008/articleshow/64183422.cms?from=mdr|title=After falling short of numbers, BJP revisits 'Operation Kamala' of 2008|first=Sowmya|last=Aji|date=16 May 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=11 October 2019|archive-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322230422/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/after-falling-short-of-numbers-bjp-revisits-operation-kamala-of-2008/articleshow/64183422.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-15|title=DH Deciphers | What is Operation Kamala 2.0?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/dh-deciphers-what-operation-713124.html|access-date=2021-08-05|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=31 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731110941/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/dh-deciphers-what-operation-713124.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The term "Kamala" (or "Kamal") refers to the [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]], which is the electoral symbol of the BJP. Operation Kamala is commonly used in Indian political discussions to describe strategies involving the inducement or persuasion of [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]] and [[Member of Parliament (India)|MPs]] from other parties—particularly the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)—to support the BJP in forming or maintaining power in state legislatures where it does not have an outright majority.<ref>{{Cite news |title=op-lotus-in-punjab-mlas-offered-25-crores-each-aap-minister-claims |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/op-lotus-in-punjab-mlas-offered-25-crores-each-aap-minister-claims-3341297}}</ref><section end=lead section />

== Delhi ==
{{anchor|2022 Delhi}}
Former Delhi Chief Minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]] has alleged that "BJP has spent Rs 6,500 [[crore]] [65 billion] rupees on buying 277 MLAs, they also tried to buy [[Aam Aadmi Party|Aam Aadmi Party’s]] (AAP) MLAs in Delhi, and they offered 20 crores to each. They brought Rs 800 crores to buy MLAs of Delhi."<ref name="Guarantee 2 Sept">{{cite news |title=Free power for 12 hours, loan waiver: Kejriwal announces guarantees to poll-bound Gujarat |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/02/free-power-for-12-hoursloan-waiver-kejriwal-announces-guarantees-to-poll-bound-gujarat-2494151.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=2 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903065104/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/sep/02/free-power-for-12-hoursloan-waiver-kejriwal-announces-guarantees-to-poll-bound-gujarat-2494151.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kejriwal conducted a floor test in the Delhi Assembly to prove that his government continued to have the majority in the assembly and BJP's alleged Operation Lotus in Delhi had failed to poach AAP MLAs. CM successfully proved his majority in the legislature.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Arvind Kejriwal Needed A Floor Test In Delhi Assembly To Prove Majority Of His Government |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/why-arvind-kejriwal-is-conducting-a-floor-test-to-prove-his-majority-against-operation-lotus--news-219592 |access-date=4 September 2022 |work=www.outlookindia.com/ |date=29 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903155121/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/why-arvind-kejriwal-is-conducting-a-floor-test-to-prove-his-majority-against-operation-lotus--news-219592 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arvind Kejriwal On Majority Test: "To Show (BJP's) Op Lotus Failed" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aaps-trust-vote-bjp-arvind-kejriwal-to-take-majority-test-today-to-prove-all-aap-mlas-with-him-3295276 |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=NDTV.com |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829023040/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aaps-trust-vote-bjp-arvind-kejriwal-to-take-majority-test-today-to-prove-all-aap-mlas-with-him-3295276 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Goa ==
=== 2019 ===
{{transcluded section|source=7th Goa Assembly}}
{{#section:7th Goa Assembly|Defections}}

=== 2022 ===
On 14 September 2022, 8 Congress MLAs switched to BJP.<ref name="Goa 2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-14 |title=8 Goa Congress MLAs defect to BJP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/goa/goa-congress-mlas-join-bjp-8149937/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Former [[Chief Minister of Goa]] [[Digambar Kamat]] and [[Michael Lobo (politician)|Michael Lobo]], along with other 6 Congress MLAs joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], after meeting [[Pramod Sawant|Dr. Pramod Sawant]], Chief Minister of Goa from BJP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another Setback to Congress in Goa, 8 Party MLAs join BJP including Digambar Kamat and Michael Lobo|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/joined-to-strengthen-modi-ji-in-another-setback-to-congress-in-goa-8-party-mlas-join-bjp-5954275.html|work=[[Network18 Group|News18]]|date=14 September 2022|access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Another Setback to Congress in Goa, 8 Party MLAs join BJP including Digambar Kamat and Michael Lobo|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/blow-for-congress-in-goa-ex-cm-kamat-7-others-likely-to-join-bjp/articleshow/94191835.cms|work=[[Times of India]]|date=14 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022}}</ref>
{{transcluded section|source=8th Goa Assembly}}
{{#section:8th Goa Assembly|Defectors 2022}}

==Karnataka==
===2008===
The BJP won 110 seats in the [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|assembly elections]] in May 2008, falling three seats short of a simple majority. With the backing of six independents, [[B. S. Yediyurappa|Yeddyurappa]] took the oath of office as chief minister to establish the first BJP administration in south India. But to further secure the stability of the administration, the BJP lured seven MLAs—three from the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and four from the [[Janata Dal (Secular)|JD(S)]] in an operation purportedly funded by mining tycoon and former BJP minister [[G. Janardhana Reddy|Janardhan Reddy]] of Bellary—by offering them money and power. The BJP scored five victories in the by-elections, bringing its total in the 224-member assembly to 115. Operation Kamala eventually became the name of the entire exercise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/dh-deciphers-what-operation-713124.html|title=DH DECIPHERS | What is Operation Kamala 2.0?|date=15 January 2019|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

The MLAs who switched parties during the Operation Kamala and resigned are [[J. Narasimha Swamy]], [[Anand Asnotikar]], [[Jaggesh]], [[Balachandra Jarkiholi]], [[K. Shivanagouda Naik]]. [[Umesh Katti]] and D. C. Gourishankar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/what-is-operation-kamal-bjp-congress-jds-horse-trading-poaching-5178843/|title=What is Operation Kamal?|date=May 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/fraternal-fight-brought-down-karnataka-government-and-threatens-next-one-106019|title=A fraternal fight that brought down the Karnataka government and threatens the next one|date=24 July 2019|website=The News Minute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/karnataka/operation-kamala-2008-current-situation-of-leaders-life-story/articleshow/73974480.cms|title='2008ರ ಆಪರೇಷನ್‌ ಕಮಲ': ಕೆಲವರು ತೆರೆ ಮುಂದೆ, ಹಲವರು ತೆರೆಮರೆಗೆ - ಮಂಕಾದ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಕಲಿಗಳ ಬದುಕು|website=Vijay Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>

===2019 ===
{{anchor|2019 Karnataka}}{{main|2019 Karnataka political crisis}}
[[Ramesh Jarkiholi]] organized 14 other Congress MLAs to resign their posts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 November 2019|title=After denying BJP role in their defection, all Karnataka rebel MLAs to join ruling party|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/after-denying-bjp-role-their-defection-all-karnataka-rebel-mlas-join-ruling-party-112240|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805105820/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/after-denying-bjp-role-their-defection-all-karnataka-rebel-mlas-join-ruling-party-112240|archive-date=5 August 2021|access-date=2019-11-15|website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref> [[Ramesh Jarkiholi]] was one of the 15 MLAs from Congress and 2 from JD(S) who resigned in July 2019, bringing down the HDK Congress-JD(S) coalition and allowing [[B.S. Yeddyurappa]] (BSY) to return to power.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2019/jul/24/the-15-mlas-who-brought-down-kumaraswamy-government-102416.html|title=The 15 MLAs who brought down Kumaraswamy government|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=28 July 2019|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724162354/http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2019/jul/24/the-15-mlas-who-brought-down-kumaraswamy-government-102416.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Supreme Court ruling held up their disqualification but allowed them to run, Jarkiholi joined BJP along with all other rebels inducted by Yeddyurappa and other important persons.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-14|title=16 rebel Karnataka MLAs join BJP day after SC verdict, CM Yediyurappa welcomes them|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/karnataka-15-rebel-mlas-join-bjp-cm-yediyurappa-welcome-them-into-party-fold/1764401/|access-date=2021-08-05|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805104315/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/karnataka-15-rebel-mlas-join-bjp-cm-yediyurappa-welcome-them-into-party-fold/1764401/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=November 14, 2019|title=16 disqualified Congress-JD(S) MLAs join BJP, 13 get bypoll ticket | India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-fields-13-disqualified-congress-jds-mlas-for-assembly-bypolls-in-karnataka/articleshow/72054512.cms|access-date=2021-08-05|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805104317/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-fields-13-disqualified-congress-jds-mlas-for-assembly-bypolls-in-karnataka/articleshow/72054512.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20190715-karnataka-rebel-rousing-in-the-congress-1562059-2019-07-05|title=Rebel-rousing in the Congress|last=Gowda|first=Aravind|date=5 July 2019|work=India Today|access-date=15 July 2019|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706183244/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20190715-karnataka-rebel-rousing-in-the-congress-1562059-2019-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="july-1-resignation">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/karnataka-crisis-congress-steps-up-efforts-to-persuade-mla-to-withdraw-resignation-from-assembly/articleshow/70216118.cms|title=Karnataka crisis: Congress steps up efforts to persuade MLA to withdraw resignation from assembly|date=14 July 2019|work=Times of India|access-date=15 July 2019|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715031528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/karnataka-crisis-congress-steps-up-efforts-to-persuade-mla-to-withdraw-resignation-from-assembly/articleshow/70216118.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="KA MLA 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2019/jul/24/the-15-mlas-who-brought-down-kumaraswamy-government-102416.html|title=The 15 MLAs who brought down Kumaraswamy government|website=The New Indian Express|date=24 July 2019 |access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724162354/http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2019/jul/24/the-15-mlas-who-brought-down-kumaraswamy-government-102416.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Investigations'''
*On 31 March 2021, the bench of [[John Michael D'Cunha|Justice D'Cunha]] refused to quash the FIR against the sitting Chief Minister of Karnataka [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] in a case nicknamed Operation Kamala case.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/karnataka-high-court-investigation-against-karnataka-cm-bs-yediyurappa-in-operation-kamala-case-171988|title="Serious Allegations ": Karnataka High Court Vacates Stay, Orders Thorough Investigation Against Karnataka CM BS Yediyurappa in 'Operation Kamala' case|first=Mustafa|last=Plumber|date=1 April 2021|website=www.livelaw.in|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805104316/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/karnataka-high-court-investigation-against-karnataka-cm-bs-yediyurappa-in-operation-kamala-case-171988|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time of the alleged incident, Yediyurappa was the leader of opposition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/karnataka-high-court-allows-probe-chief-minister-bs-yediyurappa-operation-kamala|title=Karnataka High Court allows probe against Chief Minister BS Yediyurappa in 'Operation Kamala' case|first=Rintu Mariam|last=Biju|website=Bar and Bench|date=April 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905220552/https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/karnataka-high-court-allows-probe-chief-minister-bs-yediyurappa-operation-kamala|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Reactions'''
* In an interview with [[Deccan Herald]] in March 2019, [[B. S. Yediyurappa]] said "Operation Kamala was not wrong and I don't regret it. It is part of democracy."<ref>{{cite news |title=Watch {{!}} Operation Kamala not wrong, no regret: BSY |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/liveblog/watch-operation-kamala-not-wrong-no-regret-bsy-724200.html#1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231140237/https://www.deccanherald.com/liveblog/watch-operation-kamala-not-wrong-no-regret-bsy-724200.html|archive-date=31 December 2019|access-date=11 October 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=20 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohammad |first1=Akram |title=Karnataka CM BS Yediyurappa may find going tough after May 2 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/karnataka-cm-bs-yediyurappa-may-find-going-tough-after-may-2-970753.html |access-date=7 April 2021 |work=Deccan Herald |date=5 April 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406073712/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/top-karnataka-stories/karnataka-cm-bs-yediyurappa-may-find-going-tough-after-may-2-970753.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Lehar Singh Siroya]] claimed that the BJP cadre in the State was “by and large against the Operation Kamala” as that would not help the party in the long term.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=B. s Satish|date=2018-12-12|title='Operation Kamala' will not help BJP provide stable govt., says Lahar Singh|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/operation-kamala-will-not-help-bjp-provide-stable-govt-says-lahar-singh/article25728083.ece|access-date=2021-08-03|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805104315/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/operation-kamala-will-not-help-bjp-provide-stable-govt-says-lahar-singh/article25728083.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] alleged that the BJP used Operation Kamala to affect the defections of MLAs from his government, causing it to fall.

==Madhya Pradesh==
{{main|2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis}}{{anchor|2020 Madhya Pradesh}}
The crisis started when long loyalist [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] politician [[Jyotiraditya Scindia]] suddenly went to Delhi and resigned from Congress and joined BJP. This led to many supporters of him resigning from Congress as well.
[[Hardeep Singh Dang]] resigned from the assembly membership and consequently from [[Indian National Congress]], citing in a letter, 'ignorance from his party' and then joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] on March 21, 2020, along with 21 others.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.news18.com/news/politics/disgruntled-congress-mla-hardeep-singh-dang-resigns-from-madhya-pradesh-assembly-2527367.html|title = 'Disgruntled' Congress MLA Hardeep Singh Dang Resigns from Madhya Pradesh Assembly|date = 2020-03-05|access-date = 5 August 2021|archive-date = 5 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210805104315/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/disgruntled-congress-mla-hardeep-singh-dang-resigns-from-madhya-pradesh-assembly-2527367.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/operation-lotus-madhya-pradesh-congress-mlas-land-in-karnataka/articleshow/74483171.cms?from=mdr|title = Operation Lotus? Madhya Pradesh Congress MLAs land in Karnataka|newspaper = The Economic Times|date = 2020-03-04|access-date = 5 August 2021|archive-date = 5 August 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210805105817/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/operation-lotus-madhya-pradesh-congress-mlas-land-in-karnataka/articleshow/74483171.cms?from=mdr|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-mla-hardeep-singh-dang-among-4-missing-madhya-pradesh-legislators-resigns-from-assembly-2190632 | title=Trouble for Congress in Madhya Pradesh as MLA Hardeep Singh Dang Resigns; 3 More Missing | access-date=5 August 2021 | archive-date=5 August 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805104316/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-mla-hardeep-singh-dang-among-4-missing-madhya-pradesh-legislators-resigns-from-assembly-2190632 | url-status=live }}</ref> Ultimately, this exodus led to the fall of the [[Kamal Nath]] government.

==See also==
* [[Aaya Ram Gaya Ram]]
* [[Law of India]]
* [[List of party switchers during Operation Kamala]]
* [[List of scandals in India]]
* [[Disqualification of convicted representatives in India]]
* [[2019 Maharashtra political crisis]]
* [[2022 Maharashtra political crisis]]
* [[2019 Karnataka Political Crisis]]
* [[2015–2016 Arunachal Pradesh political crisis]]
* [[Political corruption]]
* [[List of state governments dismissed by the Indian National Congress]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Ravi |first=Bheemaiah Krishnan |title=Modern media, elections and democracy |date=2018 |isbn=978-93-86602-38-1 |location=New Delhi, India |oclc=1011356716}}
* {{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |title=Modi's India : Hindu nationalism and the rise of ethnic democracy |date=2021 |others=Cynthia Schoch |isbn=978-0-691-22309-4 |location=Princeton |oclc=1238131061}}
* {{Cite book |title=Electoral dynamics in the states of India |date=2022 |others=Sandeep Shastri, Ashutosh Kumar, Yatindra Singh Sisodia |isbn=978-1-003-15997-1 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |oclc=1262691121}}

==External links==
* [http://india.gov.in/ Outline of the Indian Government]

{{-}}
{{Corruption in India}}
{{Asia topic|Politics of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamala, Operation}}
[[Category:History of the Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Party switching]]
[[Category:Political terminology in India]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Political corruption in India]]
[[Category:Bribery]]
[[Category:Democratic backsliding in India]]
[[Category:2008 scandals]]
[[Category:2008 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]

Phaphamau Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:32:57Z

NoemiConley374: New new pg w/ refs

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Phaphamau
| map_image = 254-Phaphamau.svg
| mla = [[Guru Prasad Maurya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,56,296 (2017)
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 254
}}

'''Phaphamau''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the rural area of Phaphamau in [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency]] the [[Prayagraj district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Phaphamau is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 254 amongst 403 constituencies.
It was [[Nawabganj, Allahabad Assembly constituency|Nawabganj Assembly constituency]] before 2012. '''Delimitation Commission of 2002''' abolished '''Nawabganj Assembly constituency''' and created new constituency as Phaphamau from 2012.

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
Source:<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |title=Phaphamau Election 2022: Phaphamau Assembly Seat LIVE Results |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/phaphamau-election-result-s24a254/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#666; color:white;" colspan="2"|Year
! style="background:#666; color:white;"|Member
! style="background:#666; color:white;"|Political Party

|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|| 2012 || [[Ansar Ahmad (Indian politician)|Ansar Ahmad Pahelwan]] || [[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|| 2017 || [[Vikramjeet Maurya]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|| 2022 || [[Guru Prasad Maurya]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Phaphamau<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Guru Prasad Maurya
|votes = {{formatnum:91186}}
|percentage = 43.26
|change = {{increase}}2.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Ansar Ahmad (Indian politician)|Ansar Ahmad]]
|votes = {{formatnum:76862}}
|percentage = 36.47
|change = {{increase}}8.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Om Prakash Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:27286}}
|percentage = 12.95
|change = {{decrease}}12.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Lakshmi Narayan
|votes = {{formatnum:2897}}
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Durgesh Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:2391}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:517}}
|percentage = 0.25
|change = {{decrease}}1.02
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14324}}
|percentage = 6.79
|change = {{decrease}}5.87
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:210773}}
|percentage = 57.56
|change = {{decrease}}0.05
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Phaphamau<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Vikramajeet Maurya
|votes = {{formatnum:83239}}
|percentage = 40.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ansar Ahmad
|votes = {{formatnum:57254}}
|percentage = 27.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manoj Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:51983}}
|percentage = 25.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Raj Kumar Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:3171}}
|percentage = 1.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2571}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25985}}
|percentage = 12.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:205266}}
|percentage = 57.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.53|81.85|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Prayagraj district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director – Score

2026-04-17T10:19:10Z

NoemiConley374: New A Stub First Draft

{{Short description|Annual Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}

==Superlatives==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Wins
!Recipient
|-
|5
|''[[Bijibal]]''
|-
|4
|''[[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]''
|-
|2
|''[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]], [[Illayaraja]]''
|}

==Winners==
The '''[[Kerala State Film Award]] for Best Background Music Director''' winners:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No
! Year
! Music director
! Film
|-
|1
|1980
|Gunasingh
|''[[Manjil Virinja Pookkal]]''
|-
|2
|1991
|[[G. Devarajan]]
|''[[Yamanam]]''
|-
|3
|1992
|[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
|''[[Sadayam]]''
|-
|4
|1993
|[[Bombay Ravi]]
|[[Ghazal (1993 film)]]
|-
|5
|1994
|[[Illayaraja]]
|''[[Sammohanam (1994 film)]]''
|-
|6
|1995
|[[Jerry Amaldev]]
|[[Kazhakam (1996 film)]]
|-
|7
|1996
|[[Johnson (composer)]]
|[[Sallapam]]
|-
|8
|1997
|Rajamani
|''[[Aaram Thamburan]]''
|-
|9
|1998
|[[Illayaraja]]
|''[[Kallu Kondoru Pennu]]''
|-
|10
|1999
|Sunny Stephen
|[[Karunam]]
|-
|11
|2000
|Biju.P
|[[Mazha]]
|-
|12
|2001
|[[Kaithapram Vishwanathan Namboothiri]]
|[[Kannaki (film)]]
|-
|13
|2002
|[[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]
|[[Bhavam]]
|-
|14
|2003
|[[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]
|[[Margam (film)]]
|-
|15
|2004
|[[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]
|[[Oridam]] ''[[The Journey (2004 film)|Sancharam]]''
|-
|16
|2005
|[[Ramesh Narayan]]
|[[Saira (film)]]
|-
|17
|2006
|V. Thashi
|''Tanthra''
|-
|18
|2007
|[[Ouseppachan]]
|''[[Ore Kadal]]''
|-
|19
|2008
|[[Chandran Veyattummal]]
|''[[Bioscope (2008 film)|Bioscope]]''
|-
|20
|2009
|[[Rahul Raj (composer)|Rahul Raj]]
|''[[Ritu (2009 film)|Rithu]]''
|-
|21
|2010
|[[Isaac Thomas Kottukapally]]
|''[[Adaminte Makan Abu]]'' ''[[Veettilekkulla Vazhi]]''
|-
|22
|2011
|[[Deepak Dev]]
|''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''
|-
|23
|2012
|[[Bijibal]]
|''[[Kaliyachan]]'' ''[[Ozhimuri]]''
|-
|24
|2013
|[[Bijibal]]
|''[[Balyakalasakhi (2014 film)|Balyakalasakhi]]''
|-
|25
|2014
|[[Bijibal]]
|''[[Njaan]]''
|-
|26
|2015
|[[Bijibal]]
|''[[Pathemari]]'' ''[[Nee-Na]]''
|-
|27
|2016
|[[Vishnu Vijay]]
|''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]''
|-
|28
|2017
|[[Gopi Sundar]]
|''[[Take Off (2017 film)|Take Off]]''
|-
|29
|2018
|[[Bijibal]]
|''[[Aami]]''
|-
|30
|2019
|Ajmal Hassbulla
|Vrithakrithyilulla Chathuram
|-
|31
|2020
|[[M. Jayachandran]]
|''[[Sufiyum Sujatayum]]''
|-
|32
|2021
|[[Justin Varghese]]
|''[[Joji (film)|Joji]]''
|-
|33
|2022
|[[Dawn Vincent]]
|''[[Nna Thaan Case Kodu]]''
|-
|34
|2023
|Mathews Pulickan
|''[[Kaathal - The Core]]''
|-
|35
|2024
|Christo Xavier<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/03/kerala-state-film-awards-2025-list-of-winners-live.html|title=Kerala State Film Awards 2025: Mammootty Best Actor, Shamla Hamza Best Actress, 'Manjummel Boys' is Best Film|work=OnlineManorama.com}}</ref>
|''[[Bramayugam]]''
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120722074426/http://www.keralafilm.com/statefilm.htm Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm PRD, Govt. of Kerala: Awardees List]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714024057/http://www.malayalamcinema.com/News-6/STATE+FILM+AWARDS++1969++2005.html?newsid=19&linkid=6 Malayalam Cinema]
{{Kerala State film Award}}

[[Category:Kerala State Film Awards]]

Pangi Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T22:38:07Z

NoemiConley374: New first entry first draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pangi
|type= SLA
|state = Himachal Pradesh
|established = 1952
|abolished = 1957
|electors = 14,588
|mla = Daulat Ram
|party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district = [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Pangi Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Daulat Ram || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Pangi<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HP.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114191147/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HP.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Daulat Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,057 |percentage=54.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahajan |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=1,252 |percentage=33.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narain Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=436 |percentage=11.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=805 |percentage=21.50% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,745 |percentage=25.67% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,588 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{coord|31.59|78.28|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chamba district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1952]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1952]]
[[Category:1952 disestablishments in India]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Kadhalikka Neramillai

2026-04-11T21:14:18Z

NoemiConley374: New New Biography And Citations

{{short description|1964 Indian film by C. V. Sridhar}}
{{About||the 2025 film|Kadhalikka Neramillai (2025 film)|the TV series|Kadhalikka Neramillai (TV series)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kadhalikka Neramillai
| image = Kadhalikka Neramillai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar]]
| writer = C. V. Sridhar [[Chitralaya Gopu]]
| producer = C. V. Sridhar
| starring = [[T. S. Balaiah|Balaiah]] [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] [[Nagesh]] [[Rajasree]] [[Sachu]] [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| studio = [[Chitralaya]]
| distributor = Chitralaya
| released = {{Film date|1964|2|27|df=yes}}
| runtime = 159 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=380}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kadhalikka Neramillai''''' ({{translation|No Time to Love}}) is a 1964 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film produced and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar]], who also conceived and co-wrote its script with [[Chitralaya Gopu]]. The film features an [[ensemble cast]] consisting of [[T. S. Balaiah|Balaiah]], [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]], [[Nagesh]], [[Rajasree]], [[Sachu]], [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] and [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]]. The latter two made their acting debut with this film.

The plot of ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' revolves around Viswanathan, an estate owner who hopes to get his daughters Nirmala and Kanchana married to wealthy grooms. However, Nirmala falls in love with Ashok, a poor man who was once employed by Vishwanathan. To earn Viswanathan's approval, Ashok pretends to be the only heir of a rich businessman; he is supported by his friend Vasu, who poses as Ashok's fictional millionaire father Chidambaram. A comedy of errors ensues when Vasu discovers his lover Kanchana is Viswanathan's other daughter.

[[Principal photography]] for the film took place mostly in [[Ooty]] and at Aliyar Dam Guest House. One song sequence was filmed at [[Marina Beach]], Madras (now [[Chennai]]). It was one of the earliest full length Tamil films in [[Eastmancolor]]. The cinematographer was [[A. Vincent]], and the editor was N. M. Shankar. The film's soundtrack and score were composed by the duo [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]], with lyrics written by [[Kannadasan]].

''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' was released on 27 February 1964 and was applauded for its comedy; it was a commercial success, running in theatres for more than 175 days. Regarded as a trend-setting comedy, the film has since developed a cult status in [[Tamil cinema]]. It was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Preminchi Choodu (1965 film)|Preminchi Choodu]]'' (1965) and in [[Hindi]] by Sridhar himself as ''[[Pyar Kiye Jaa]]'' (1966). Rajasree reprised her role in both of those films, while Kanchana did so only in Telugu. The film was also remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Preethi Madu Thamashe Nodu]]'' (1979) and in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as ''[[Dhoom Dhadaka]]'' (1985).

== Plot ==
Viswanathan is an arrogant, money-minded estate owner who lives in a [[bungalow]] named Chinnamalai Estate near [[Pollachi]]. His son, Chellappa, an aspiring filmmaker, is the antithesis of his father, voicing his displeasure at his father's arrogance. Viswanathan also has two daughters studying in [[Chennai|Madras]]: Kanchana and Nirmala. Kanchana is in love with her collegemate Vasu. The sisters return home after completing their education.

One day, while the sisters are sightseeing, a battered car driven by Ashok, an assistant manager at their father's estate, bumps into their car. The sisters quarrel with Ashok and are annoyed by his insolence. Later, they force Viswanathan to fire him. Infuriated, Ashok pitches a tent overlooking their bungalow and begins a strike to reclaim his job. Nirmala accidentally drops a bucket on Ashok's head. Feeling guilty, she visits Ashok's tent to apologise and they fall in love.

Viswanathan had always planned to get his daughters married to wealthy men. Ashok realises that because he is poor, he has no chance of becoming a prospective groom. Nirmala loves him, but she does not wish to be with him against her father's wishes. He calls up his friend, who happens to be Vasu, to pose as his wealthy father. Vasu arrives at Chinnamalai and agrees to help. He disguises himself as a rich, old man named Chidambaram. When Kanchana is introduced to Vasu in disguise, he is shocked because he believes Ashok loves Kanchana, but he discovers to his relief that Ashok is in love with Nirmala.

Meanwhile, Chellappa starts a film production house called Oho Productions. Unable to earn anyone's faith in his capabilities, he handles the filmmaking himself. Chellappa unsuccessfully tries to persuade his father to finance his film; he engages the estate manager's daughter, Meenalochni, to play the heroine in his film. Chellappa selects Ashok for the film's screenplay and asks "Chidambaram" to fund it. When the film does not progress as expected, Meenalochni's father forces Chellappa to marry her. Chellappa initially refuses but realising he has no choice, he accepts the offer.

On a short trip, "Chidambaram" reveals his true identity as Vasu to Viswanathan's daughters, who agree to play along. Viswanathan, believing Ashok is the only heir of a millionaire, asks Kanchana's consent to marry him. When Kanchana rejects the proposal, Viswanathan asks Nirmala, who happily accepts. Vasu's father Sachidanandam, who is buying a nearby estate, is referred to Viswanathan and arrives in Chinnamalai. They meet and discover that they are childhood friends.

Believing it would be inappropriate to marry off his younger daughter while the elder one is still unmarried, Viswanathan arranges Kanchana's marriage to Vasu, who meets his father but is unable to reveal his true identity to prevent getting caught. When Sachidanandam returns to Madras to make the wedding preparations, he finds that there has been no word from his son, who left for [[Coimbatore]] weeks before. Sachidanandam almost cancels the marriage when Vasu makes a telephone call in the nick of time and approves the marriage.

Sachidanandam's car breaks down, and he takes shelter in a school teacher's hut until it is fixed. There, he finds a photograph of Ashok and realises he is the teacher's son. Suspecting Ashok of foul play to usurp Viswanathan's riches, Sachidanandam files a complaint. Vasu and Ashok are held in custody by the police. As Sachidanandam arrives at the police station, the truth behind the impersonation is revealed and he withdraws his complaint. When his daughters refuse to part with their lovers, Viswanathan realises their love and agrees to their request to get married.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|
* [[T. S. Balaiah|Balaiah]] as Viswanathan
* [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] as Vasu/Chidambaram<ref name="thenewsminute" />
* [[Nagesh]] as Chellappa
* [[Rajasree]] as Nirmala
* [[Sachu]] as Meenalochni
* [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] as Ashok
* [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] as Kanchana
* [[V. S. Raghavan|Raghavan]] as Sachidanandam<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=2 February 2016 |title=Uptight to comic: Big daddy of Tamil films |url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/uptight-to-comic-big-daddy-of-tamil-films/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203092923/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/uptight-to-comic-big-daddy-of-tamil-films/ |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=14 March 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* Prabhakar as Meenalochni's father<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Paul |first=Bharati |date=16–31 October 2014 |title=The stars in Gandhi Nagar |url=https://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2024%20No%2013/vol-24-issue-13.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127082255/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2024%20No%2013/vol-24-issue-13.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=21 June 2022 |magazine=[[Madras Musings]] |pages=7–8 |volume=24 |issue=13}}</ref>
* [[A. K. Veerasamy|Veerasamy]] as Ashok's father<ref>{{Cite web |last=பார்த்தசாரதி |first=எஸ். |date=10 March 2014 |title=அரை நூற்றாண்டு கண்ட 'காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை' |url=https://solvanam.com/2014/03/10/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190908100841/https://solvanam.com/2014/03/10/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4/ |archive-date=8 September 2019 |access-date=8 September 2019 |website=Solvanam |language=ta}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
[[C. V. Sridhar]] and Sadagopan, who was known by his screen name [[Chitralaya Gopu]], had been friends since their tenure at [[St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Chengalpattu|St. Joseph's High School]], [[Chengalpattu]].<ref name="Sridhar" /> At school both were playwrights; Sridhar wrote stage plays and portrayed the lead roles.<ref name="Reminiscence" /> Gopu wrote the humour-oriented plays and portrayed comic roles.<ref name="Reminiscence" /> Later, when Sridhar had the opportunity to direct a film, ''[[Kalyana Parisu]]'' (1959), he asked Gopu to join him and handle the humour content.<ref name="Chithralaya" /><ref name="Heaven" /> The success of ''Kalyana Parisu'' led to Sridhar establishing his own production house, [[Chitralaya]].<ref name="Sridhar" /><ref name="Cult" />

Sridhar used to spend his evenings with Gopu, driving along [[Marina Beach]], Madras (now [[Chennai]]).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=24 October 2008 |title=Trend-setter |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1436121.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215060047/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/10/24/stories/2008102451190600.htm |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=15 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Gopu asked Sridhar whether he would like to work on a comedy film. Sridhar, who was known primarily for dramatic films, thought the audience would not accept a comedy from him. He agreed reluctantly upon Gopu's insistence, and decided to produce a full-length comedy and originated the title, ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'', which translates as "No time for love".<ref name="Golden" /> The entire story and screenplay were conceived on Marina Beach; according to Gopu, "Sitting in Sridhar's open Herald, we discussed the script for days on end."<ref name="Reminiscence" /> The screenplay was co-written by Sridhar and Gopu.{{Sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|page=380}} [[A. Vincent]] was hired as the film's cinematography and [[P. N. Sundaram]] for photography, while N. M. Shankar was chosen as the editor and Ganga as the art director.<ref name="poster" /> Thangappan and [[Mugur Sundar]] were the choreographers.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Kadhalikka Neramillai |type=motion picture |language=Tamil |publisher=Chitralaya Pictures |year=1964 |trans-title=No Time for Love |time=1:18}}</ref> Editor [[B. Lenin]], son of director [[A. Bhimsingh]] worked as one of the assistant directors.<ref name="sirithralaya" />

=== Casting ===

Sridhar consciously avoided casting big stars.<ref name="thenewsminute" /> P. S. Raman, who went to Madras in 1963 to join a medical college, was asked to see Sridhar, who was auditioning newcomers for the film.<ref name="Debut" /> Raman was renamed [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] and introduced in this film as the character Ashok.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=3 August 2013 |title=Idhaya Kamalam (1965) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/idhaya-kamalam-1965/article4985463.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407043720/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/idhaya-kamalam-1965/article4985463.ece |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Sivakumar]] had auditioned for the role before it went to Ravichandran.<ref name="sirithralaya" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=14 June 2016 |title=In any aspect, my painting is far better than my acting |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/In-any-aspect-my-painting-is-far-better-than-my-acting/articleshow/52746317.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618192626/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/In-any-aspect-my-painting-is-far-better-than-my-acting/articleshow/52746317.cms |archive-date=18 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> During a flight, Sridhar met an air-hostess named Vasundhara Devi and approached her to play one of the female leads.<ref name="kali" /><ref name="Cult" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=10 March 2006 |title=Star then, a stoic now |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3217472.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316054645/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/03/10/stories/2006031002950300.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Because she shared her name with [[Vasundhara Devi]], the mother of actress [[Vyjayanthimala]], Sridhar renamed her [[Kanchana (actress)|Kanchana]] to avoid confusion.<ref name="sirithralaya" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sunita Chowdhary |first=Y. |date=18 August 2012 |title=Nothing is permanent |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nothing-is-permanent/article3790964.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316052616/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/nothing-is-permanent/article3790964.ece |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Her character had the same name.<ref name="thenewsminute" /> Shanti, who later became known as [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]], was initially cast as the character Nirmala;<ref name="kali" /> however, while filming the song sequence "Anubhavam Pudhumai", her audition, she did not show the romantic mood needed, so she was removed.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=8 March 1992 |title=பாலையாவைச் சமாளிப்பது எப்படி? |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1992-03-08/kalki1992-03-08.pdf |access-date=29 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=59–60 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2016 |title=பிளாஷ் ஃபேக்: காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை படத்திலிருந்து நீக்கப்பட்ட நிர்மலா |trans-title=Flashback: Venniradai Nirmala was removed from Kadhalikka Neramillai |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/48098/cinema/Kollywood/Flashback-:-Venniradai-nirmala-out-in-Kadhalikaa-Neramillai-movie.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128172700/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/48098/cinema/Kollywood/Flashback-:-Venniradai-nirmala-out-in-Kadhalikaa-Neramillai-movie.htm |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Gopu called [[Rajasree]] over phone and asked her to attend their studio the next day to audition for the role.<ref name="Thinakaran" /> While filming "Anubhavam Pudhumai", the makers were impressed and she was officially cast, making it her first film as a lead actress.<ref name="Rajasree" />

[[Sachu]], who began her career as a child actor, played leading roles in films such as ''[[Veera Thirumagan]]'' (1961) and ''[[Annai (1962 film)|Annai]]'' (1962) until Sridhar offered her the comic role of Meenalochni.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=16 November 2007 |title=Yours sincerely, Sachu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2285061.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316053653/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/11/16/stories/2007111650660100.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ravi |first=Bhama Devi |date=7 October 2003 |title=Simply Sachu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2003/10/07/stories/2003100700430200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106032124/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2003/10/07/stories/2003100700430200.htm |archive-date=6 January 2013 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> She initially refused as she was hesitant on playing a comic role. Sridhar assured her that being a full-fledged comedy, there were no separate comedians and that she would only be playing a character in one of the three lead pairs.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 July 2007 |title=காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை: நகைச்சுவை வேடத்தில் ஜொலித்தார் சச்சு |trans-title=Kadhalikka Neramillai: Sachu shined in a comic role |url=http://www.maalaimalar.com/2012/07/12193313/kadhalikka-neramillai-comedy-a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316055309/http://www.maalaimalar.com/2012/07/12193313/kadhalikka-neramillai-comedy-a.html |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Gopu also persuaded Sachu's grandmother, who used to accompany her to the sets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=23 November 2007 |title=Toast to diligence |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article2274261.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316063528/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/11/23/stories/2007112350500200.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijaykumar |first=Chithira |date=23 December 2009 |title=Memories of Madras: The warmth of the arc lights |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article400128.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316054952/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/12/23/stories/2009122350260100.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Impressed by the way Sridhar "narrated the story featuring three couples", Sachu accepted the offer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=14 May 2010 |title=Grillmill |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3020903.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316055116/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/05/14/stories/2010051451072000.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> She felt that the film's story was as good as ''[[Roman Holiday]]'' (1953).<ref name="Sachu Silverscreen" /> In 2016, Sachu recalled, "I was very young and most movies were family-oriented. I couldn't relate to them. So when [''Kadhalikka Neramillai''] came by, I readily agreed."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roshne |first=B. |date=23 July 2016 |title=A Child to grandma, she essayed them all |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Child-to-grandmashe-essayed-them-all/2016/07/23/article3542465.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818093656/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Child-to-grandmashe-essayed-them-all/2016/07/23/article3542465.ece |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[T. S. Balaiah]] and [[R. Muthuraman]] (credited without their initials) were chosen to play the characters Viswanathan and Vasu respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை – ஒரு சதுர பொக்கிஷம் |trans-title=Kadhalikka Neramillai – A Treasure |url=http://keetru.com/index.php/2014-03-08-04-36-23/2014-03-14-11-17-58/30842-2016-05-17-05-34-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081201/http://keetru.com/index.php/2014-03-08-04-36-23/2014-03-14-11-17-58/30842-2016-05-17-05-34-27 |archive-date=24 May 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016 |website=[[w:ta:கீற்று (இணையத்தளம்)|Keetru]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Despite Ravichandran and Muthuraman being written as the film's "heroes", Balaiah was given top [[Billing (performing arts)|billing]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=14 November 2008 |title=Classic Pick: Kadhalika Neramillai |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2008/11/14/48/Ar04800.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2008&DOCID=90576&Keyword=(%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Eneramillai)&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=GIF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429101302/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=TOICH/2008/11/14/48/Ar04800.xml&CollName=TOI_CHENNAI_ARCHIVE_2008&DOCID=90576&Keyword=(%3Cmany%3E%3Cstem%3Eneramillai)&skin=pastissues2&AppName=2&ViewMode=GIF |archive-date=29 April 2016 |access-date=29 April 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Nagesh]] was signed by Sridhar to play Viswanathan's son Chellappa after previously appearing under Sridhar's direction in ''[[Nenjil Or Aalayam]]'' (1962).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaraj |first=D. B. S. |date=19 December 2015 |title=Uncrowned monarch of humorous actors in Tamil movies |url=http://www.ft.lk/article/510529/Uncrowned-monarch-of-humorous-actors-in-Tamil-movies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523141109/http://www.ft.lk/article/510529/Uncrowned-monarch-of-humorous-actors-in-Tamil-movies |archive-date=23 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |work=[[Daily FT]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran |date=27 February 2009 |title=Tragic comedian |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2604/stories/20090227260413300.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410075254/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2604/stories/20090227260413300.htm |archive-date=10 April 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]}}</ref> [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] actor [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] stated that he was offered a role in the film by Sridhar, but he could not accept it due to his lack of knowledge in Tamil.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=16 September 2017 |title=My directors are equal to God: Mahesh Babu |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/160917/my-directors-are-equal-to-god-mahesh-babu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321064755/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/160917/my-directors-are-equal-to-god-mahesh-babu.html |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=1 October 2017 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name="sirithralaya" />

=== Filming ===
[[File:View from Azhiyar Bungalow Balcony.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Aaliyar Dam, as seen from the Chinnamalai Estate bungalow where a major portion of the film was shot.]]
''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' was one of the earliest full-length Tamil films in [[Eastmancolor]].{{efn|Though ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' is often assumed to be the first full-length Tamil film in Eastmancolor,<ref name="kali" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=1–15 November 2008 |title=An auteur no more |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2014/otherstories.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818150742/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2018%20No%2014/otherstories.html |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016 |magazine=[[Madras Musings]] |volume=XVIII |issue=14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1–15 December 2013 |title=The Tamil Film in 100 years of Indian Cinema |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2023%20No%2016/vol-23-issue-16.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316054631/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2023%20No%2016/vol-23-issue-16.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |magazine=[[Madras Musings]] |page=4 |volume=23 |issue=16}}</ref> it was actually ''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]'', released a month before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தீனதயாளன் |first=பா. |date=21 October 2016 |title=தேவிகா 7.நடிகர் திலகத்துடன்...! |trans-title=Devi 7.With the pride of actors...! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/oct/01/7%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-2573611.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621090145/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/oct/01/7%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-2573611.html |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> Sridhar himself said his film was only the first full-length Tamil film in Eastmancolor with a contemporary setting.<ref name="kali" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=8 March 1964 |title=காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1964/mar/08-03-1964/p21.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220722052914/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1964/mar/08-03-1964/p21.jpg |archive-date=22 July 2022 |access-date=21 June 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=21 |language=ta}}</ref>}} Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]] believes that with this film, Sridhar became the first Tamil director to "make an all-out comedy in colour".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=1 November 2008 |title=Between Reviews: In Search of Sridhar |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2008/11/01/between-reviews-in-search-of-sridhar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818152011/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2008/11/01/between-reviews-in-search-of-sridhar/ |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016 |website=Baradwaj Rangan}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] commenced with the song "Anubhavam Pudhumai", picturised on Ravichandran and Rajasree. Portions of the song featuring the latter were the first scenes shot. Because the producers had not taken measurements for her costumes, Rajasree was sceptical about whether filming would begin that day. She was given a nightgown as the costume for the song sequence.<ref name="Thinakaran" /><ref name="Rajasree" /> Sachu's costumes were designed by Sridhar himself.<ref name="Sachu Silverscreen" /> An electric power cut was imposed during the week ending 22 June 1963; while this reduced work in studios by 50%, an unfazed Sridhar did "a brief spell of shoot" for ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' at [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=15 June 1963 |title=Studio News |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015/page/n103/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230303061458/https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12015/page/n103/mode/2up |archive-date=3 March 2023 |access-date=3 March 2023 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |page=43 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=17}}</ref>

The opening sequence song "Enna Parvai" picturised on Muthuraman and Kanchana was filmed on the Marina beach promenade.<ref name="Heaven" /><ref name="kn" /><ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2025 |title=Marina beach in Chennai: silent witness to Tamil cinema’s many moods |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/silent-witness-to-tamil-cinemas-many-moods/article69952575.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822113537/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/silent-witness-to-tamil-cinemas-many-moods/article69952575.ece/amp/ |archive-date=22 August 2025 |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In the first scene of the film, Sridhar attempted to depict Madras as a "progressive place: where couples sang duets on the Marina".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Naig |first=Udhav |date=20 August 2014 |title=Madras by day, by night and by song |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-madras-by-day-by-night-and-by-song/article6332571.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902094753/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-madras-by-day-by-night-and-by-song/article6332571.ece |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Most of the film was shot in [[Ooty]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2017 |title=ஊட்டியில் சூட்டிங் அதிகம் ஏன்? |trans-title=Why is shooting so frequent in Ooty? |url=http://www.vikatan.com/news/spirituality/82032-why-ooty-is-best-place-for-cinema-shooting.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170428111742/http://www.vikatan.com/news/spirituality/82032-why-ooty-is-best-place-for-cinema-shooting.html |archive-date=28 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> After completing the first filming schedule, Sridhar decided to drop the project as he felt it lacked a strong storyline then restarted after making a visit to Aaliyar Dam, he decided to make a full-length film on this location.<ref name="kali" /> Filming also took place on location at the Aaliyar Guest House, a bungalow near [[Aliyar Reservoir|Aaliyar Dam]], [[Coimbatore]].<ref name="Golden" /> Sridhar often used to write dialogues for scenes only on the shooting spot which made Ravichandran difficult to utter dialogues. During filming, Gopu gave Ravichandran the lyrics of the song "Naalaam Naalaam", which were written like [[tongue twister]]s in chaste Tamil. He claimed they were his own lines and asked him to memorise them. When Sridhar called for the shots, Ravichandran asked for more time because he found it difficult to remember the dialogue. The puzzled director then said, "This isn't the dialogue. Who gave it to you? This is a social film, a comedy. Gopu must have done it. He's always pulling a fast one, don't you know?"<ref name="Reminiscence" />

In one scene, Viswanathan asks Chellappa to tell a story, promising to finance his film if he is impressed. Knowing he will not receive any funds, Chellappa decides to scare Viswanathan and narrates a horror story. Nagesh and Balaiah completed shooting the scene in a single take.<ref name="Ecstasy" /> This scene was inspired by director Dada Mirasi's storytelling style,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=நாகேஷ் |author-link=Nagesh |date=1 February 2004 |title=நாளாம் நாளாம் திருநாளாம்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2004-02-01/kalki2004-02-01.pdf |access-date=29 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=33–35 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |date=29 August 2019 |title=Balaiah, Tamil silver screen's jaunty juggler |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/balaiah-tamil-silver-screens-jaunty-juggler/article29288768.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829114253/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/balaiah-tamil-silver-screens-jaunty-juggler/article29288768.ece |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> specifically the way in which Mirasi narrated the basic storyline of ''[[Puthiya Paravai]]'' (1964) to its lead actor [[Sivaji Ganesan]]'s brother V. C. Shanmugham who, impressed with the narration, called Sridhar to listen to it.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=16–30 September 2010 |title=Partha Gnyabagam Illayo* |trans-title=Remember seeing it |url=http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%2011/partha_gnyabagam_illayo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920104428/http://madrasmusings.com/Vol%2020%20No%2011/partha_gnyabagam_illayo.html |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=20 September 2016 |magazine=[[Madras Musings]] |volume=XX |issue=11}}</ref> Kanchana recalled filming the scene: "I was standing behind, trembling to control my laughter. The moment the scene was over, the entire team began to laugh, so hard, we soon had tears running down our faces."<ref name="Golden" /> The film was processed at [[Gemini Studios]]' laboratory.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 July 2016 |title=The director's fine cut |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/the-directors-fine-cut/article8880853.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817152635/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/the-directors-fine-cut/article8880853.ece |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Its final length was {{Convert|4355.97|m|feet}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 1964 |title=KADHALIKKA NERAMILLAI (Celluloid) |url=https://archive.org/details/KadhalikkaNeramillaiCbfc |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref>

== Music ==

The soundtrack album and background score for ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' were composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] (a duo consisting of [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]) and the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref name="Reminiscence" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kathalikka Neramillai (1964) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/Tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0001270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316060859/http://www.raaga.com/channels/Tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0001270 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The song "Anubhavam Pudhumai" is loosely based on a 1940 Spanish-language Mexican song titled "[[Bésame Mucho]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=9 April 2016 |title=Ode to a nightingale |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/baradwaj-rangan-on-the-peerless-singer-p-susheela/article8451303.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506160005/http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/baradwaj-rangan-on-the-peerless-singer-p-susheela/article8451303.ece |archive-date=6 May 2017 |access-date=6 May 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Tamil [Other Composers] |url=https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190522113005/https://www.itwofs.com/tamil-others.html |archive-date=22 May 2019 |access-date=2 April 2024 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref> Philips, an [[Autodidacticism|autodidact]] guitarist, played the guitar for "Anubhavam Pudhumai" and "Malarendra Mugamondru".<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2014 |title=Harmony with strings |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/harmony-with-strings/article6641033.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207094623/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/harmony-with-strings/article6641033.ece |archive-date=7 December 2014 |access-date=7 December 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Viswanathan and his wife were spending a vacation in [[Yercaud]] for a week, when Kannadasan, Gopu and Sridhar were waiting for him to begin composing the songs. The day when Viswanathan returned and arrived at Chithralaya office, Kannadasan said, "Ennappa..Viswanathaa...Velai kodu.." (Viswanathan, give me some work). Sridhar then said that should be the beginning of the song and decided to give Balaiah's character the name Viswanathan; thus the song "Maadimele", which includes the line "Viswanathan Velai Vendum", was conceived.<ref name="Memories" /><ref name="kn" /> It was composed as a [[rock and roll]] number.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandramohan |first=V. |date=25 June 2014 |title=எம்.எஸ்.வி: நேயர் விருப்பத்தின் நாயகன் |trans-title=MSV: The hero who gives what the people wish for |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/opinion/columns/8515-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122075459/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/opinion/columns/8515-.html |archive-date=22 November 2019 |access-date=22 November 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vinayakam |first=Ramesh |author-link=Ramesh Vinayakam |date=16 July 2015 |title=He ruled with his music wand |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ramesh-vinayakam-remembers-msv/article7429649.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630112903/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/ramesh-vinayakam-remembers-msv/article7429649.ece |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=28 June 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Tunes of "Naalam Naalam" and "Nenjathai Alli" were composed within an hour.<ref name="kn" /> The song "Naalam Naalam" is set in [[Bageshri]] raga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ஏழிசை எம்எஸ்வி {{!}} பயோகிராபி |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/msv/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626130400/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/msv/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Ta}}</ref>

''Kadhalikka Neramillai''{{'}}s LP records were heavily in demand by people who wanted to learn the film's dialogues and songs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Sujatha |date=18 March 2018 |title=The man who loved the city: Remembering director CV Sridhar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/mar/19/the-man-who-loved-the-city-remembering-director-cv-sridhar-1789093.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321061734/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/mar/19/the-man-who-loved-the-city-remembering-director-cv-sridhar-1789093.html |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=21 March 2018 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> All the eight songs became popular among fans.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2014 |title=ஐம்பதாம் ஆண்டில் 'காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை' |trans-title=50th year of 'Kadhalikka Neramillai' |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/13885-.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909091504/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/13885-.html |archive-date=9 September 2019 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> A live version of "Nenjathai Alli" was later performed by [[Unni Menon]] at an August 2012 ceremony commemorating the 14th anniversary of [[Jaya TV]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=30 August 2012 |title=Bounty, magnanimity and more |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/bounty-magnanimity-and-more/article3839756.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818101229/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/bounty-magnanimity-and-more/article3839756.ece |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Enna Paarvai
| extra1 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length1 = 03:21
| title2 = Maadimele
| extra2 = [[P. B. Sreenivas]]
| length2 = 03:26
| title3 = Unga Ponnaana Kaigal
| extra3 = P. B. Sreenivas
| length3 = 03:26
| title4 = Anubhavam Pudhumai
| extra4 = P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
| length4 = 05:30
| title5 = Naalaam Naalaam
| extra5 = P. B. Sreenivas, P. Susheela
| length5 = 03:21
| title6 = Malarendra Mugamondru
| extra6 = [[L. R. Eswari]], M. S. Raju
| length6 = 03:20
| title7 = Kadhalikka Neramillai
| extra7 = [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
| length7 = 04:55
| title8 = Nenjathai Alli
| extra8 = K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela, L. R. Eswari
| length8 = 03:44
}}

== Release ==
''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' was released on 27 February 1964.<ref name="Debut" /><ref name="poster" /> Artist Jeyaraj designed the publicity posters;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nainar |first=Nahla |date=7 August 2015 |title=Artist Jeyaraj on his inspirations |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/artist-jeyaraj-on-his-inspirations/article7512324.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908155308/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/artist-jeyaraj-on-his-inspirations/article7512324.ece |archive-date=8 September 2015 |access-date=8 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> the pre-release poster designed by him depicted a shooting spot.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=5 April 2017 |title=The man who gave faces to Appusamy and Seetha patti |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/illustrator-jeyaraj-speaks-about-his-artistic-journey/article17828278.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728095110/http://www.thehindu.com/society/illustrator-jeyaraj-speaks-about-his-artistic-journey/article17828278.ece |archive-date=28 July 2017 |access-date=28 July 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Gopu said Chitralaya released the film because initially there was no willing exhibitor; the first showings were at the Casino Theatre in Madras and later in [[Madurai]]. A few weeks after its release, the film caught the attention of theatre distributors, who competed with one another for it.<ref name="Golden" /> Eventually, it became a major commercial success,<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2011 |title=Actor Ravichandran dies of lung infection |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/actor-ravichandran-dies-of-lung-infection/article2294402.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316061740/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/actor-ravichandran-dies-of-lung-infection/article2294402.ece |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> running for more than 175 days in theatres and becoming a [[silver jubilee film]].{{efn|A silver jubilee film is one that completes a theatrical run of 175 days.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Govardan |first=D |date=14 April 2017 |title=Last day, Last show |url=http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/last-day-last-show-643? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117174527/http://www.mydigitalfc.com/news/last-day-last-show-643? |archive-date=17 November 2020 |access-date=25 June 2018 |work=[[Financial Chronicle]]}}</ref>}}<ref name="Memories" /> In April 2010, ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' was one of five films screened at the [[South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce|South Indian Film Chamber Theatre]] for the Dignity Film Festival held in Chennai; the other four were ''[[Madhumati]]'' (1958), ''[[Server Sundaram]]'' (1964), ''[[Anbe Vaa (1966 film)|Anbe Vaa]]'' (1966) and ''[[Thillana Mohanambal]]'' (1968).<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2010 |title=Dignity Foundation announces the opening of first of its kind Film Festival for the 50+ citizens |url=http://www.chennaimirror.com/pressnews/topstories_190410_4.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010135845/http://www.chennaimirror.com/pressnews/topstories_190410_4.html |archive-date=10 October 2014 |access-date=2 May 2015 |work=Chennai Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2010 |title=The good ole days |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-good-ole-days/article785628.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127070134/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-good-ole-days/article785628.ece |archive-date=27 November 2014 |access-date=2 May 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2010 |title=Film festival revives pleasant memories |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/film-festival-revives-pleasant-memories/article403039.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430172721/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/film-festival-revives-pleasant-memories/article403039.ece |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=30 April 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> During the successful run, the film attracted controversy with an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] accusing the film of promoting vulgarity and that it is harmful to the society; the controversy benefited the film even more and it went to make more profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=22 March 1992 |title=வாசனின் பெருந்தன்மை |trans-title=Magnanimity of Vaasan |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-03-22/page/n59/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230209130926/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-03-22/page/n59/mode/2up |archive-date=9 February 2023 |access-date=13 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=58–59 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Upon release, the film was widely appreciated for the comedy sequences featuring Nagesh.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivatsan |date=20 October 2016 |title=Remembering CV Sridhar, the iconoclastic filmmaker on his 8th death anniversary |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/remembering-cv-sridhar-the-iconoclastic-filmmaker-on-his-8th-death-anniversary-347516-2016-10-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502100021/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/remembering-cv-sridhar-the-iconoclastic-filmmaker-on-his-8th-death-anniversary-347516-2016-10-20 |archive-date=2 May 2018 |access-date=7 May 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> On 29 February 1964, the critic from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' noted that the lack of major stars gave the film a feeling of freshness, applauded the performances of the cast and concluded, "One cannot carry home anything after seeing the picture. But its very purpose is just that: to ease you of all your worries."<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 February 1964 |title=Fine comedy in Tamil |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19640229&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=28 April 2017 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 15 March 1964, Sekar and Sundar of the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' jointly reviewed the film. Sekar said that seeing mainly newcomers in colour gave a refreshing feeling to his eyes which had become tired seeing films with only familiar actors. Sundar called the film a welcome change for Sridhar, then known mainly for melodramatic films. Both men applauded the performances of Balaiah, Muthuraman and Nagesh, with Sekar appreciating the casting of Balaiah, generally known for negative roles, as a "first class" comedian. Sundar praised the colour cinematography by Vincent, saying it elevated him to the next level. Sekar concluded by praising the filmmakers for having given Tamil cinema an innovative and entertaining comedy.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sekar |last2=Sundar |date=15 March 1964 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: ''காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை'' |trans-title=Movie Review: ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/43195--2 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210128174609/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/43195--2 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

On 28 March, T. M. Ramachandran of ''[[Sport and Pastime]]'' applauded nearly every aspect of the film, including the cast performances, the colour processing by Gemini ("it almost passes muster for a well-made foreign film"), the camera work by Vincent and Sundaram, the depiction of Marina Beach and other outdoor sequences, and Ganga's art direction.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ramachandran |first=T. M. |date=28 March 1964 |title=Sridhar Does It Again |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98084/page/n725/mode/2up |access-date=29 March 2024 |magazine=[[Sport and Pastime]] |pages=52 |via=[[Internet Archive]] |volume=18}}</ref> The magazine ''Link'' said, "There is no story at all in it. In fact, there is no need for one. All that is necessary is for a peacock of a young chap to go dancing and flirting with a peahen of a girl for most part of the three-hour run." The critic applauded Vincent's cinematography, because of which "there is never a dull moment for the viewer." They also praised Kanchana as "personable" but criticised her diction, added that Ravichandran was an "agreeable companion" to Rajasri, Nagesh "reels off his witty script", and concluded that Balaiah "emerges as the evergreen hero, though cast in a fatherly role. Nonsense, no doubt, but thoroughly enjoyable nonsense for a change."<ref>{{Cite magazine |year=1964 |title=Light-hearted Fun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTBWAAAAYAAJ&q=neramillai |access-date=21 June 2022 |magazine=Link |publisher=United India Periodicals |page=37 |volume=6 |issue=26–52}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated Balaiah's performance, Nagesh's comedy, the colour and photography, but felt Kanchana was underutilised.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=15 March 1964 |title=காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1964/mar/15-03-1964/p63.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/WI8dE |archive-date=22 July 2022 |access-date=21 June 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=63 |language=ta}}</ref>

== Remakes ==
In 1965, ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Preminchi Choodu (1965 film)|Preminchi Choodu]]'', and featured Kanchana and Rajasree reprising their roles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=24 September 2018 |title=Composer's choice: how Master Venu defied his producer to make his own tune for a song in 'Preminchi Choodu' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/master-venu-defied-his-producers-orders-to-make-his-own-tune-for-a-song-in-preminchi-choodu/article25028555.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190729162342/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/master-venu-defied-his-producers-orders-to-make-his-own-tune-for-a-song-in-preminchi-choodu/article25028555.ece |archive-date=29 July 2019 |access-date=30 August 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The following year, the film was remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Pyar Kiye Jaa]]'', with Sridhar returning to direct.{{Sfn|Narwekar|2012|page=153}} Rajasree again reprised her role, and was the only actor to appear in both these remakes.<ref name="Golden" /><ref name="Rajasree" /> The film was also remade in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Preethi Madu Thamashe Nodu]]'' (1979),<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dasagrandhi |first=Madhuri |date=23 June 2019 |title=Sattekalapu Satteya turns 50 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/sattekalapu-satteya-turns-50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190715140639/https://telanganatoday.com/sattekalapu-satteya-turns-50 |archive-date=15 July 2019 |access-date=15 July 2019 |work=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref> and in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as ''[[Dhoom Dhadaka]]'' (1985).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2021 |title=Birthday Special! Ashok Saraf: 'Dhum Dhadaka' to 'Amchya Sarkhe Amhich'; FIVE evergreen comedy movies of the veteran star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/birthday-special-ashok-saraf-dhum-dhadaka-to-amchya-sarkhe-amhich-five-evergreen-comedy-movies-of-the-veteran-star/photostory/83216447.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621092034/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/birthday-special-ashok-saraf-dhum-dhadaka-to-amchya-sarkhe-amhich-five-evergreen-comedy-movies-of-the-veteran-star/photostory/83216447.cms |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In August 2008, ''The Hindu'' reported that [[Manobala]] would be directing a remake of ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' with [[R. Madhavan]] in the lead role, but this never came to fruition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2008 |title=Comedy antidote for depression |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1309830.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316052404/http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/07/stories/2008080756750200.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Plans for a contemporary remake drew criticism. In a 2012 interview with Rekhs, a celebrity columnist for ''Behindwoods'', Gopu said, "This film even if it is remade today, will not hold a candle to its original".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rekhs |date=29 June 2012 |title=Gopu is Gold |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-celebrity-column/Gopu-is-Gold-29-06-12.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224152625/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-celebrity-column/Gopu-is-Gold-29-06-12.html |archive-date=24 December 2013 |access-date=24 December 2013 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> Comedian and playwright [[Crazy Mohan]] said, "''Kadhalikka Naeramillai'' is Tamil Cinema's Mount Everest of comedy. There's no other [[Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing [Norgay]]] in sight so far. I was aghast that some people even considered re-making ''Kadhalikka Naeramillai''. None should attempt it. It is blasphemy".<ref name="Classic" /> Sharadha Narayanan of ''The New Indian Express'' stated in February 2009, "Recently when the news of ''Kadhalikka Neramillai''{{'s}} remake was announced, every lip had one question that went unanswered: Who can actually do Nagesh's role at least the way he did, if not better?"<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Sharadha |date=1 February 2009 |title=A smile wiped out from earth's face |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article31976.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430172224/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article31976.ece |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=30 April 2016 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> According to Sridhar's son Sanjay, plans to remake the film were dropped due to casting difficulties, especially finding actors who could match Nagesh and Balaiah's performances.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=2 September 2024 |title=60 Years On, 'Kadhalikka Neramillai' is a Film That is Still Loved Happily Ever After |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/60-years-on-kadhalikka-neramillai-is-a-film-that-is-still-loved-happily-ever-after/articleshow/113002689.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904225403/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/60-years-on-kadhalikka-neramillai-is-a-film-that-is-still-loved-happily-ever-after/articleshow/113002689.cms |archive-date=4 September 2024 |access-date=14 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
{{quote box| quote = ...  [''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' is] Tamil Cinema's dictionary for humour ... And it has a solid message camouflaged in humour, that if you go in for ostentation and sycophancy you are bound to bite the dust ... No cheap rib-ticklers for Sridhar and Gopu! They could have made many a joke with the false beard Muthuraman sported in the film, but they didn't. Classy comedy was their forte.
| source =Crazy Mohan and his brother [[Maadhu Balaji]] on how ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' inspired them.<ref name="Classic" />
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''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' attained cult status in Tamil cinema.<ref name="Cult" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=8 August 2015 |title=Blast from the Past: 'Meenda Sorgam' 1960 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-meenda-sorgam/article7516330.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511034504/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-meenda-sorgam/article7516330.ece |archive-date=11 May 2016 |access-date=11 May 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It has been hailed as a trendsetting comedy,<ref name="Ecstasy" /> and the film is said to kindle a feeling of ''[[joie de vivre]]''.<ref name="Ecstasy" /><ref name="Classic" /> The film's comedy sequences are regarded as evergreen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=20 February 2009 |title=Saga of success |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article657432.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225043232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/02/20/stories/2009022050710400.htm |archive-date=25 February 2009 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The success of their on-screen pairing led Nagesh and Sachu to act together in films such as ''[[Motor Sundaram Pillai]]'' (1966), ''[[Galatta Kalyanam]]'' (1968), ''[[Sivandha Mann]]'' (1969) ''[[Sumathi En Sundari]]'' (1971) and ''[[Urimaikural]]'' (1974).<ref name="Sachu Silverscreen" /> According to M. Bharat Kumar of ''[[News Today]]'', ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' also popularised the romantic comedy genre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bharat Kumar |first=M. |date=13 February 2016 |title=Kollywood kadhal: From black & white till now |url=http://newstodaynet.com/entertainment/kollywood-kadhal-black-white-till-now |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214090823/http://newstodaynet.com/entertainment/kollywood-kadhal-black-white-till-now |archive-date=14 February 2016 |access-date=5 April 2016 |work=[[News Today]]}}</ref>

While the comedy track of 'Oho Productions' featuring Nagesh is considered to be one of Gopu's masterpieces,<ref name="Chithralaya" /> the Balaiah-Nagesh scene is often termed to be legendary in Tamil cinema.<ref name="Golden" /> In a film that featured mostly newcomers, Balaiah was the most senior artiste. When the Balaiah-Nagesh pairing was an instant hit, he praised the latter saying, "Watch out! This boy is a scene-stealer."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Viswanathan |first=P. R. |date=6 February 2009 |title=Tribute: Nobody like Nagesh |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article657303.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316060228/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/02/06/stories/2009020651380300.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In 2009, playwright and comedian [[Y. G. Mahendran]] said the film taught him "there is everything to know about comedy—what is timing, what is healthy comedy, what is situational comedy ... It also portrayed love in such a clean and healthy way [...] ''Kaadhalikka''... is a movie for all seasons."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahendra |first=Y. G. |date=20 February 2009 |title=Why I like... Kaadhalikka Neramillai |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3021167.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316060638/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/02/20/stories/2009022050110400.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Crazy Mohan listed ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' among his favourite films.<ref name="Crazy" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=2 July 2013 |title=Laughter lines |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/laughter-lines/article4871227.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316061747/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/laughter-lines/article4871227.ece |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> During the celebrations of the film's 50th anniversary, [[Kamal Haasan]] appreciated Gopu's dialogue in the film while Y. G. Mahendran said, "[''Kadhalikka Neramillai''] was [[P. G. Wodehouse|Wodehouseian]] humour at its best—unadulterated and pure."<ref name="Classic" /> Director [[Vasanth]] noted in 2016, "when I watched Sridhar's [''Kadhalikka Neramillai''] that guarantees three hours of non-stop laughter, I understood what filmmaking is all about. A director par excellence is someone who can handle all subjects and infuse all kinds of emotions in the audience."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shrikumar |first=A. |date=18 August 2016 |title=Director's cut |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/interview-with-filmmaker-vasanth-sai/article9003182.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818153806/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/interview-with-filmmaker-vasanth-sai/article9003182.ece |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=18 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
In 2006, Crazy Mohan wanted to create something similar to ''Kadhalikka Neramillai''. He wrote the story and screenplay of the film ''[[Jerry (film)|Jerry]]'', which he described as his "pet project".<ref name="Crazy" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Allirajan |first=M. |date=24 February 2003 |title=On the comedy trail |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/24/stories/2003022400830300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316055319/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/02/24/stories/2003022400830300.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In 2011, director [[I. Ahmed]]'s then-forthcoming film was initially titled ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'', but this was changed to ''[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]'' (2013) because the producers could not get the rights to use the former name.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ஜீவா நடிக்கும் காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை! |trans-title=Jiiva starrer Kadhalikka Neramillai |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/5642/cinema/Kollywood/Jeevas-next-movie-titled-as-kadhalikka-neramillai.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219111838/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/5642/cinema/Kollywood/Jeevas-next-movie-titled-as-kadhalikka-neramillai.htm |archive-date=19 December 2011 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[Dinamalar]] |language=Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M. |date=19 November 2011 |title=Jiiva's musical will not be titled after Kadhalikka Neramillai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Jiivas-musical-will-not-be-titled-after-Kadhalikka-Neramillai/articleshow/10801959.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412055430/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Jiivas-musical-will-not-be-titled-after-Kadhalikka-Neramillai/articleshow/10801959.cms |archive-date=12 April 2014 |access-date=12 April 2014 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Y. G. Mahendran has a particular affinity for ''Kadhalikka Neramillai''. When he launched his theatre group United Amateur Artists' 55th play, he named it ''Kadhalikka Neramundu'' (There {{Em|is}} time for love) as a tribute to Gopu and Sridhar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=1 October 2004 |title=Courting cupid with a comic slant |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2004/10/01/stories/2004100102050500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316060515/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2004/10/01/stories/2004100102050500.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The play, a parody of the film, was written by Gopu's son 'Chitralaya' Sriram.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramadevi |first=B. |date=15 July 2005 |title=Comedy clean and witty |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/07/15/stories/2005071500090200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316054911/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/15/stories/2005071500090200.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Subha J. |date=7 October 2004 |title=Some laughing matter this |url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2004/10/07/stories/2004100701980100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316054024/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/07/stories/2004100701980100.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Footage from ''Kadhalikka Neramillai'' is also shown in ''[[Kadhalum Kadandhu Pogum]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=13 March 2016 |title=A letdown, but not a lazy one |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-letdown-but-not-a-lazy-one/article8347725.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511035124/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-letdown-but-not-a-lazy-one/article8347725.ece |archive-date=11 May 2016 |access-date=11 May 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The "horror film" scene picturised on Chellappa and Viswanathan was re-used in ''[[Mo (2016 film)|Mo]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=28 December 2016 |title=The funny ghost |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/The-funny-ghost/article16953839.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430141637/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/The-funny-ghost/article16953839.ece |archive-date=30 April 2017 |access-date=30 April 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="thenewsminute">{{Cite news |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=21 January 2019 |title='Kadhalikka Neramillai': Why the 1964 comedy still makes us laugh |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kadhalikka-neramillai-why-1964-comedy-still-makes-us-laugh-95397 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191027103656/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kadhalikka-neramillai-why-1964-comedy-still-makes-us-laugh-95397 |archive-date=27 October 2019 |access-date=27 October 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Sridhar">{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Meera |date=21 October 2008 |title=Veteran film director Sridhar dead |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/21/stories/2008102154260400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316051717/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/21/stories/2008102154260400.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Reminiscence">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=10 July 2009 |title=Looking back with a smile |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/looking-back-with-a-smile/article659092.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316061749/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/looking-back-with-a-smile/article659092.ece |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Chithralaya">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=20 November 2005 |title='Chithralaya' Gopu, proprietor of Mannar & Co, Oho Productions |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112014160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316060216/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112014160200.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Heaven">{{Cite news |last=Parthasarathy |first=Anusha |date=23 November 2010 |title=Memories of Madras: Heaven on earth |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/heaven-on-earth/article907500.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618110808/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/heaven-on-earth/article907500.ece |archive-date=18 June 2015 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Cult">{{Cite news |date=21 October 2008 |title=Sridhar —The man with the midas touch |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200810210329.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316051219/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200810210329.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Golden">{{Cite news |last=Kannan |first=Ramya |date=9 March 2014 |title=Kadhalikka Neramillai turns 50! |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/kadhalikka-neramillai-turns-50/article5765005.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311022310/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/kadhalikka-neramillai-turns-50/article5765005.ece |archive-date=11 March 2014 |access-date=11 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="poster">{{Cite news |date=27 February 1964 |title=Kathalikka Neramillai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19640227&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=20 June 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="Debut">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=22 December 2005 |title=Ravichandran on how he got into Tamil films |url=http://hindu.com/2005/12/22/stories/2005122218050200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316055810/http://hindu.com/2005/12/22/stories/2005122218050200.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="kali">{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=1 March 1992 |title=காதலிக்க நேரம் உண்டு! |trans-title=There is time for love! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-03-01/page/n59/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230303062447/https://archive.org/details/kalki1992-03-01/page/n59/mode/2up |archive-date=3 March 2023 |access-date=13 December 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=58–59 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Thinakaran">{{Cite news |date=24 July 2011 |title='காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை' யில் வாய்ப்பு கிடைத்தது சுவாரஸ்யமான கதை: துள்ளுவதோ இளமை ராஜஸ்ரீ |trans-title='Kadhalikka Neramillai' chance an interesting story: 'Thulluvatho Ilamai' Rajasree |url=http://www.thinakaran.lk/2012/07/24/?fn=f1207243 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412044913/http://www.thinakaran.lk/2012/07/24/?fn=f1207243 |archive-date=12 April 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[Thinakaran]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>
<ref name="Rajasree">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=17 March 2006 |title=Away from the arc lights |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3217489.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113903/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/03/17/stories/2006031700100200.htm |archive-date=24 December 2013 |access-date=24 December 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Sachu Silverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Deepika |date=29 August 2014 |title=The Sachu Interview: Sixteen And Counting |url=http://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/sachu-interview-sixteen-counting/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908110228/http://silverscreen.in/tamil/features/sachu-interview-sixteen-counting/ |archive-date=8 September 2015 |access-date=8 September 2015 |website=Silverscreen.in}}</ref>
<ref name="sirithralaya">{{Cite web |last=நரசிம்மன் |first=டி.ஏ. |date=16 June 2018 |title=சி(ரி)த்ராலயா 22: திருப்புமுனை தந்த சிரிப்பு! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/133203-22.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121161034/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/supplements/hindu-talkies/133203-22.html |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="Ecstasy">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 May 2006 |title=In a realm of ecstasy and emotion |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3218220.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316055032/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/05/19/stories/2006051902900500.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Memories">{{Cite news |last1=Narasimhan |first1=T. A. |last2=Kolappan |first2=B. |last3=Sinha |first3=Vipasha |date=16 July 2015 |title=Memories of a master composer |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/memories-of-a-master-composer/article7426396.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716083345/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/memories-of-a-master-composer/article7426396.ece |archive-date=16 July 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="kn">{{Cite magazine |last=ஸ்ரீதர் |first=டைரக்டர் |author-link=C. V. Sridhar |date=15 March 1992 |title=ஒரு மணி நேரத்தில் இரு சூப்பர்ஹிட் பாடல்கள்! |trans-title=Two superhit songs composed within an hour |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1992-03-15/kalki1992-03-15.pdf |access-date=29 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=55–56 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Classic">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=22 February 2014 |title=Classic appeal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/classic-appeal/article5716839.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316061744/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/classic-appeal/article5716839.ece |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Crazy">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=6 January 2006 |title='Crazy' comedy in the making |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3216637.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316060411/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/01/06/stories/2006010600200400.htm |archive-date=16 March 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Narwekar |first=Sanjit |author-link=Sanjit Narwekar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbSbAwAAQBAJ |title=Eena Meena Deeka: The Story of Hindi Film Comedy |publisher=[[Rupa & Co.]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-291-2625-2}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Good article}}

{{C. V. Sridhar |state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|Film|1960s|Comedy|India}}

[[Category:1964 films]]
[[Category:1964 Indian films]]
[[Category:1964 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:1964 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about father–daughter relationships]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

How Are You? We Are Fine, Thank You

2026-04-11T02:46:44Z

NoemiConley374: New First Info First Draft

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox album
| name = How Are You? We Are Fine, Thank You
| type = Studio album
| artist = [[The Down Troddence]]
| cover = How Are You.We Are Fine, Thank You.jpg
| alt =
| released = January 1, 2014
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 38:35
| label = Self-released
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = As You All Know, This Is How It Is (AYAKTIHIS)
| next_year = TBA
}}

'''''How Are You? We Are Fine, Thank You''''' is the debut studio album by the Indian [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band [[The Down Troddence]]. The album was released on January 1, 2014.

==Singles==
In 2009, The Down Troddence released their first single, "Death Vanity".<ref name=":5">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrtyP9tzDV0 |title=The Down Troddence {{!}} Interview {{!}} EXRR |date=2020-04-06 |last=Expedition Rock and Roll |access-date=2025-04-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The band gained significant attention with the release of the music video for their single "Shiva," which won the Best Music Video award at the IndieGo South Asian Music Awards in 2011.The band gained significant attention with the release of the music video for their single "''Shiva''," which won the Best Music Video award at the IndieGo South Asian Music Awards in 2011.<ref>
{{cite web|title=Shiva by TDT wins Best Music Video Award at the IndieGo South Asia Music Awards|url=http://bitemymusic.com/full-list-of-indiego-winners/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130041315/http://bitemymusic.com/full-list-of-indiego-winners/|archive-date=30 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Both "Death Vanity" and "Shiva" would later be included in ''How Are You? We Are Fine, Thank You''.<ref name="HBI"/>

==Reception==
''How Are You? We Are Fine, Thank You'' received critical acclaim for its innovative fusion of genres and poignant lyrical content.<ref name="HBI">{{cite web|url=http://www.headbangers.in/blog/the-down-troddence-release-debut-album-at-metal-factory-bangalore/|title=The Down Troddence releases debut album|publisher=Headbangers India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106143645/http://www.headbangers.in/blog/the-down-troddence-release-debut-album-at-metal-factory-bangalore/|archive-date=6 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=THE DOWN TRODDENCE: "HOW ARE YOU? WE ARE FINE, THANK YOU"|url=http://www.nocleansinging.com/2014/01/10/the-down-troddence/|website=No Clean Singing|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref> It won eight awards at the Rolling Stone India Metal Awards 2014, including Best Album, Best Song, Best Band, Best Guitarist, and Best Artwork. Reviewers praised the album's production quality and its ability to balance aggressive metal riffs with subtle folk-based elements.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-16 |title=The Down Troddence bags eight awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/the-down-troddence-bags-eight-awards/articleshow/37076197.cms |access-date=2025-04-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Rolling Stone |date=2014-06-22 |title=The Down Troddence Win Big At Zippo Presents Rolling Stone Metal Awards 2014 |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/troddence-win-big-zippo-presents-rolling-stone-metal-awards-2014/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Akshay |date=2014-07-11 |title=Guitarist Proves Mettle, Wins Metal Award for His Band |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2014/Jul/11/guitarist-proves-mettle-wins-metal-award-for-his-band-634416.html |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Track listing==
{{tracklist
| title1 = A.V.
| length1 = 2:36
| title2 = Hell Within Hell
| length2 = 3:52
| title3 = KFC
| length3 = 4:05
| title4 = Death Vanity
| length4 = 3:14
| title5 = Nagavalli
| length5 = 4:35
| title6 = Forgotten Martyrs
| length6 = 3:32
| title7 = Muck Fun Mohan
| length7 = 3:52
| title8 = Ortniavis
| length8 = 3:17
| title9 = Shiva
| length9 = 4:36
| title10 = Chaapilla
| length10 = 4:56
| total_length = 38:35
}}

==Personnel==
* Munz – vocals
* Varun Raj – guitar
* [[Sushin Shyam]] – keyboards, backing vocals
* Nezer Ahemed – bass, backing vocals
* Ganesh Radhakrishnan – drums
* Advaith Mohan – guitar

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2014 debut albums]]
[[Category:Heavy metal albums by Indian artists]]
[[Category:Self-released albums]]

Nagamma (TV series)

2026-04-07T11:43:19Z

NoemiConley374: starting new entry.

{{notability|date=February 2026}}
{{Short description|Telugu television series (2002–2006)}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Nagamma (TV series).jpg
| genre = [[Fantasy television|Fantasy]]
| starring = [[J. V. Somayajulu]] S. V. Sreenivas Neeraja Baby Gayathri
| theme_music_composer = [[Dhina]]
| opentheme = "Punnamilona Vennela Vana" sung by [[K. S. Chithra]]
| screenplay = C. Jerrold
| story = C. Jerrold
| director = [[A. R. Ramesh]]
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| num_episodes = 200+
| producer = [[Akash Khurana]] Harish Thawani
| cinematography = Vashist R. Diwakaran
| runtime =
| company = Nimbus Communications
| network = [[Gemini TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2002|04|28|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2006}}
}}

'''''Nagamma''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[fantasy television]] series that originally aired on [[Gemini TV]] from 2002 to 2006. Directed by [[A. R. Ramesh]] and written by C. Jerrold,<ref name=":4" /> the series ran for over 200 episodes and was broadcast weekly on Sunday nights.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Basha Shek |date=6 August 2024 |title=Nagamma: 'నాగమ్మ' సీరియల్ అమ్మాయి గుర్తుందా? |trans-title=Nagamma: Do you remember the girl from the 'Nagamma' serial? |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/do-you-remember-nagamma-serial-actress-gayathri-know-how-is-she-and-what-she-is-doing-now-1320881.html |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[TV9 Telugu|TV9]] |language=te}}</ref> It was produced by [[Akash Khurana]] and Harish Thawani under Nimbus Communications.<ref name=":6" />

The series centers around Nagamma, a mythical [[Nāga|serpent goddess]], and explores the influence of her supernatural powers on the Rayudu family.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2021 |title=Scary Telugu Serials: ఒకప్పుడు ప్రసారమైన ఈ దెయ్యం సీరియల్స్ మీకు గుర్తున్నాయా? |trans-title=Scary Telugu Serials: Do you remember these yesteryear ghost serials? |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/10-ten-scary-telugu-serials-earlys-1990s-in-telugu-tv-nr-855294.html |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref> It blends elements of mythology, horror, and social drama. Key actors in the series included [[J. V. Somayajulu]], S. V. Sreenivas, Neeraja, Usha, and Baby Gayathri.<ref name=":0" />

''Nagamma'' consistently ranked among the top three weekly serials on Gemini TV, achieving good viewership during its original broadcast.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /> The title song of the series, "Punnamilona Vennela Vana," composed by [[Dhina]] and sung by [[K. S. Chithra]], became popular among viewers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2023 |title=అప్పట్లో దుమ్మురేపిన ఈ సీరియల్ సాంగ్స్ ఇంకా గుర్తున్నాయా.. ? |trans-title=Do you still remember these serial songs that created a buzz back then? |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/web-stories/all-time-best-telugu-tv-serial-songs |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV]] |language=te}}</ref> Due to its success, the series was remade in [[Kannada]] and aired on [[Udaya TV]]. Plans were also made to remake ''Nagamma'' in other languages.<ref name=":6" />

== Premise ==
The storyline centers on a mythical serpent goddess, Nagamma, and her influence on the Rayudu family in the village of Nageswaram. During the time of Rayudu's great-grandfather, the family, tasked with safeguarding the sacred Nagamani, misused it in collaboration with the British. This act of betrayal led to Nagamma cursing the family, causing members born with a distinctive "Naga macha" (a type of mole) to die periodically.

The curse continues to affect the family, with Rayudu's granddaughter Nandini being born with the same mark. To protect her, the family sends her away from the village at a young age. As Nandini grows up, she returns to Nageswaram, marries Ravi, and the couple has a child named Pavitra. The story unfolds as Nandini navigates her family's legacy, the curse, and her connection to Nagamma.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[J. V. Somayajulu]] as Rayudu
* S. V. Sreenivas as Ravi
* Neeraja as Nandhini
* Usha as Seetha/Nandhini
* Surya as Vamsi
* Baby Gayathri as Bala Nagamma
* Baby Hemalatha
* Saraswathi as Sunitha
* Preethi Sreenivas as Pavitra
* [[Subhashini]] as Rayudu's daughter
* Kakarala as priest
* [[Abitha]] as doctor
* Rajeswari
* Raghavi as Vamsi's wife
* Sneha Nambiyar as Vamsi's second wife
* Roja Naidu
* Varsha
* [[Vijay Krishnaraj]] as Rayudu's son
* Jayamala as Rayudu's daughter-in-law
* [[R. N. K. Prasad]] as Ravi's father
* Phani as Ravi's mother
* Veena as Ravi's sister
* Latha as Ravi's sister
* Suryanarayana Rao Nori as a ''[[sanyasi]]''
* A. N. Rathinakumar
* Chitra as Indrani
* Manoj Vamsi
* Lakshmi
* Sanjay Bhargav
* Vahini
* Rajkumar
* [[Rani (Tamil actress)|Raksha]] as a police officer
* Yogini
* Latha Rao
}}

== Production ==
Veteran actor [[J. V. Somayajulu]], known for his role in ''[[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]]'' (1980), appeared in a significant role in the series.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Pantham |first=Roja |date=5 June 2024 |title=Actress Gayatri: నాగమ్మ సీరియల్ లో నాగమ్మగా మెప్పించిన ఈ చిన్నది గుర్తుందా.. ? |trans-title=Actress Gayatri: Do you remember this little girl who impressed as Nagamma in the Nagamma serial? |url=https://www.bigtvlive.com/entertainment/do-you-remember-this-little-girl-who-was-so-charming-in-nagamma-serial-do-you-know-what-she-is-doing-now.html |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=Big TV |language=te}}</ref> Following Somayajulu's death in April 2004, his character was also written off the show, with the storyline incorporating his character's demise. Post-production was done at Venus Telestudio.<ref name=":4">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkeK7VrH61E |title=Nagamma Serial Title Song and Credits |access-date=2024-12-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Music ==
The title song, "Punnamilona Vennela Vana Chaluvudanala Challani Thalli Nagamma," composed by [[Dhina]], written by D. Narayana Varma, and sung by [[K. S. Chithra]] was a notable feature of the series.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu TV Serial Nagamma |url=https://nettv4u.com/about/telugu/tv-serials/nagamma-telugu |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=Nettv4u |language=en}}</ref> Its melody and lyrics complemented the show's theme and added to its identity.<ref name=":0" />

== Release ==
''Nagamma'' premiered on Gemini TV on 28 April 2002 and initially aired every Sunday from 9:00 to 10:00 PM. Starting in February 2005, the series shifted to a weekend schedule, airing on Saturdays and Sundays from 7:30 to 8:30 PM. In 2006, the show transitioned to a half-hour format, broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays from 7:00 to 7:30 PM. The final three episodes were aired at 10:00 PM on Sunday nights.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tycvLam6Kg |title=Nagamma (2002) Old Telugu TV Serial |date=2023-12-20 |publisher=Teluguflame Plus |access-date=2024-12-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''Nagamma'' was one of the top-rated weekly serials on Gemini TV in 2004, consistently ranking among the top three shows throughout its run.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2004 |title='We are now focused on growing other businesses' : Akash Khurana - Nimbus Communications MD and CEO |url=https://test.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/we-are-now-focused-on-growing-other-businesses-akash-khurana-nimbus-communications-md-and-ceo-040703 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=Indiantelevision.com |language=en |quote=More recently, Nagamma, a socio-mythological currently in its 3rd year has been among the Top 3 shows on Gemini TV. It was launched on a sunday night slot, which was traditionally considered to be a low viewing and unpopular slot. And the success of Nagamma in Telugu, prompted us to remake the same programme in Kannada, which has now been on air for more than 12 weeks and continues to be among the Top 3 shows on Udaya TV.}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2004 |title=Nimbus to add more sponsored shows to its kitty |url=https://admin.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/nimbus-to-add-more-sponsored-shows-to-its-kitty-040618 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=Indiantelevision.com |language=en |quote=The success of Nagamma in Telugu prompted Nimbus to remake the show in Kannada for Udaya TV. The show, on air for over 12 weeks now, has also made it to the top three shows on the channel, says Khurana. The production house now plans to remake the programme in Tamil and Malayalam to be aired on the Tamil language Sun TV and Malayalam language Surya TV.}}</ref> The series maintained strong viewership, continuing to attract high ratings well into 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2006 |title=Nimbus Television gears up for 06; to ink deal with intl. production house |url=https://admin.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/nimbus-television-gears-up-for-06-to-ink-deal-with-intl-production-house-060116 |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=Indiantelevision.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2006 |title=At Apsara Awards Nimbus beats Balaji, UTV |url=https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/7014_at-apsara-awards-nimbus-beats-balaji-utv |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=afaqs! |language=en |quote=In more recent times, Nimbus has seen highly popular shows like Kareena Kareena (Zee), Apne Paraye (Doordarshan), Nagamma (Gemini) etc.}}</ref>

The show garnered attention for its use of visual effects and its blend of mythology, horror, and social drama. Its striking depictions of large serpents and the eerie atmosphere contributed significantly to its popularity.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Baby Gayathri, who portrayed Bala Nagamma, was praised for her performance, particularly in scenes where she was shown seated on a serpent, a visual enhanced by makeup and special effects.<ref name=":3" />

== Legacy ==
The success of ''Nagamma'' in Telugu led to a [[Kannada]] remake, which aired on [[Udaya TV]] and ranked among the top three shows on the channel as of July 2004.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> There were also plans to remake the series in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] for [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] and [[Malayalam]] for [[Surya TV]].<ref name=":6" />

The series contributed to the popularity of [[supernatural]] and [[fantasy]] themes in Telugu television, alongside other programs like ''Rahasyam'', ''[[Anveshitha]]'', ''[[Aloukika]]'', and ''Manoyagnam''.<ref name=":0" /> Its Sunday night airings attracted a broad family audience and helped increase the prominence of the horror and fantasy genres in the region.<ref name=":1" />

''Nagamma'' played a role in the career development of Baby Gayathri, whose portrayal of Bala Nagamma was widely noted. She later made her film debut in the 2007 Telugu film ''Notebook'' and continued her acting career in Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2006 |title=Audio launch - Notebook |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-notebook.html |access-date=1 December 2024 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |quote=Gayatri who did the role of Bala Devatha in Nagamma TV serial is being introduced as heroine.}}</ref> Similarly, Neeraja and S. V. Sreenivas gained recognition through their roles in the series.<ref name=":3" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]
[[Category:Sun Gemini original programming]]
[[Category:2002 Indian television series debuts]]

Embassy of India, Paris

2026-03-31T00:39:19Z

NoemiConley374: Stub

{{Short description|Diplomatic mission of India in France}}
{{Infobox Diplomatic Mission
| name = Embassy of India, Paris
| image = Ambassade d'Inde en France, 13-15 rue Alfred Dehodencq, Paris 16e.jpg
| caption = Embassy of India, Paris
| address = 20-22, Rue Albéric-Magnard
| location = [[Paris]], [[France]]
| coordinates = {{coord|48|51|37.7|N|2|16|13.5|E}}
| ambassador = [[Sanjeev Singla]]
| website = {{official|https://www.eoiparis.gov.in}}
}}

The '''Embassy of India in Paris''' is the [[diplomatic mission]] of the [[Republic of India]] to the [[French Republic]]. It is headed by the [[List of ambassadors of India to France|Indian Ambassador to France]], currently Sanjeev Singla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Embassy of India, Paris |url=https://www.eoiparis.gov.in/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Embassy of India, Paris}}</ref> India also maintains a Consulate-General in [[Marseille]] and in [[Saint-Denis, Réunion]]; to further enhance diplomatic, economic, and cultural relations with France.<ref>{{cite web |title=Consulate General of India, Marseille |url=https://www.eoiparis.gov.in/page/consulate-marseille/ |website=Embassy of India, Paris |access-date=2025-02-07}}</ref>

== History ==

The Embassy of India in Paris ({{Langx|hi|पेरिस में भारत का दूतावास}}; {{Langx|fr|Ambassade de l'Inde à Paris}}) was established in 1947 following India's independence. The current chancery building was acquired in the 1950s and serves as the official diplomatic headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Indian Embassy in Paris |url=https://www.eoiparis.gov.in/page/embassy-history/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Embassy of India, Paris}}</ref> The embassy is located in the 16th arrondissement, a district known for its diplomatic missions and cultural institutions.

India and France have shared strong diplomatic ties since the 1940s, particularly in the fields of defense, space cooperation, trade, and cultural exchanges. The Indian Embassy in Paris plays a crucial role in strengthening these bilateral relations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India-France Strategic Partnership |url=https://mea.gov.in/india-france-bilateral-relations.htm |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Exploring the India-France 'special relationship' |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/exploring-the-india-france-special-relationship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128131648/https://www.orfonline.org/research/exploring-the-india-france-special-relationship/ |archive-date=28 November 2019 |access-date=23 January 2017 |website=Observer Research Foundation - ORF}}</ref>

== Functions ==

The Embassy of India in Paris provides a range of consular services, including visa and passport assistance, OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) services, and support for Indian nationals in France. It also facilitates diplomatic engagements, economic collaboration, and cultural programs between India and France.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consular Services - Embassy of India, Paris |url=https://www.eoiparis.gov.in/page/consular-services/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Embassy of India, Paris}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India-France Economic Relations |url=https://www.investindia.gov.in/country/france |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Invest India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=6 April 2021|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2021/apr/06/france-and-sailing-toward-the-quad-plus-2286408.html|title=France sailing toward the 'Quad-plus'|work=[[New Indian Express]]|access-date=9 April 2021|archive-date=6 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406012324/https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2021/apr/06/france-and-sailing-toward-the-quad-plus-2286408.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CS2011">{{cite news|title=Credit Suisse introduces the Emerging Consumer Survey|url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/ch/en/about-us/media/latestnews/articles/media-releases/2011/01/en/41676.html|work=Credit Suisse Research Institute|date=17 January 2011|access-date=23 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105056/https://www.credit-suisse.com/ch/en/about-us/media/latestnews/articles/media-releases/2011/01/en/41676.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/dassault-may-abandon-20-bn-mmrca-deal/43746/|title=Dassault may abandon $20-bn MMRCA deal – The Financial Express|date=17 February 2015|work=The Financial Express|access-date=9 March 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221052709/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/dassault-may-abandon-20-bn-mmrca-deal/43746/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bonjour-india.in/ | title=Home | access-date=12 July 2022 | archive-date=29 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929142415/https://www.bonjour-india.in/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="B">{{cite web|title=India, France ink landmark nuclear deal|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/sep/30ndeal3.htm|work=Rediff.com|date=2008-09-30|access-date=2008-10-08|archive-date=3 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003051520/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/sep/30ndeal3.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[France–India relations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.eoiparis.gov.in}}
* [https://www.instagram.com/indiainfrance/ India in France on Instagram]

{{Diplomatic missions of India}}
{{Diplomatic missions in France}}

[[Category:Diplomatic missions of India|France]]
[[Category:Diplomatic missions in Paris]]
[[Category:France–India relations]]

Haré Rama Haré Krishna

2026-03-29T11:08:53Z

NoemiConley374:

{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Haré Rama Haré Krishna poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Dev Anand]]
| producer = [[Dev Anand]]
| writer = [[Dev Anand]]
| starring = [[Dev Anand]] [[Zeenat Aman]] [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = [[Fali Mistry]]
| editing = Babu Sheikh
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1972|1|14}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Haré Rama Haré Krishna''''' is a 1972 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Satire (film and television)|satirical]] [[Musical film|musical drama film]] written, produced and directed by [[Dev Anand]] under the banner of [[Navketan Films]]. It stars Anand himself, alongside [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]], [[Zeenat Aman]] and [[Prem Chopra]] in the lead roles. The film deals with the decadence of the [[Hippie|Hippie culture]], and aimed to have an [[Substance abuse|anti-drug message]] and also depicts some problems associated with [[Westernization]].

The film was a hit<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=177&catName=MTk3MQ== |title=BoxOffice India.com |access-date=30 January 2008 |archive-date=2 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602193030/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=177&catName=MTk3MQ== |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a star-making vehicle for Aman, who played a westernized [[hippie]], and won the [[Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |title=1st Filmfare Awards 1953 |access-date=30 January 2008 |archive-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612065210/http://deep750.googlepages.com/FilmfareAwards.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> as well as the [[BFJA Awards|BFJA Award]] for Best Actress.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/archives/pictures/index31.htm |title=69th & 70th Annual Hero Honda BFJA Awards 2007 |access-date=30 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208113935/http://www.bfjaawards.com/archives/pictures/index31.htm |archive-date=8 February 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was influenced by the 1968 American [[psychedelic film]] ''[[Psych-Out]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nico Slate|title=Lord Cornwallis Is Dead: The Struggle for Democracy in the United States and India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sS93DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193|date=11 February 2019|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-98344-1|page=193}}</ref>

The idea for ''Haré Rama Haré Krishna'' struck Dev Anand, who was low in spirits due to protests against his previous film ''[[Prem Pujari]]'', when he visited [[Kathmandu]], Nepal and encountered hippies living there.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/hey-ram-hey-nathuram/208996 | title=Hey Ram, Hey Nathuram | date=5 February 2022 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
In the background of the rise of the [[Iskcon|International Hare Krishna movement]] in the 1970s, is a [[Montreal]]-based family of the Jaiswals, consisting of mom, dad, son, Prashant, and daughter, Jasbir. Due to differences, Mr and Mrs Jaiswal separate, leaving Jasbir with dad, and Prashant with his mom. Eventually Prashant and his mom travel to India, leaving father and daughter behind in Montreal. Mr. Jaiswal remarries, and brings his new wife to live in his home. Jasbir is told by her nanny that her mother & brother are dead. Back in India Prashant is sent to a boarding school and his father makes sure that none of Prashant's letters reach Jasbir, so that it would be easy on her part to get over emotional trauma. Jasbir is upset with her inconsiderate step-mother and ignorant father who is deeply immersed in his business.

Years later, Prashant has grown up to be a pilot. He has received a letter from his dad that Jasbir, who had rebelled and left home, is now located in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal, with a group of hippies. Prashant decides to find his sister and hopefully get her back to the family. When Prashant lands in Kathmandu he does not find Jasbir, but instead finds Janice, who is indeed his sister with a new name. Janice has no recollection of her childhood, and is always in the company of hippies spending most of her time consuming alcohol & drugs with them.

Janice lives with the hippies in the property rented out by local landlord Drona. Drona's real business is stealing ancient artifacts from Kathmandu and selling it to foreign nationals. Michael, one of the hippies, is the one who does all the dirty work for him.
Janice's boyfriend Deepak misunderstands that Prashant is trying to woo Janice, hence they exchange a few blows every time they meet. Meanwhile, Drona has an eye on Shanti, a local salesgirl working in one of the shops owned by him. Shanti has feelings for Prashant which creates one more enemy for him. Later Prashant and Shanti elope and get married. At the same time a precious idol is stolen from local temple by Michael, which he hides in Janice's house. Prashant secretly observes all this. Drona tries to frame Shanti for theft by secretly planting another stolen artifact in her house. Later he spreads the word that since the day Prashant has arrived idols are being stolen and he is stalking local girls.

The police commissioner is a friend of Prashant's father, and has already received a letter stating the purpose of Prashant's visit to Kathmandu. He suspects that Drona is trying to frame Prashant because he has married Shanti. He gets a search warrant for the entire property of Drona and recovers a diary which has contact details of his friends abroad who help him sell the stolen artifacts. The police also recover the stolen artifact from Shanti's home, squarely blaming Prashant for it. Shanti is deeply hurt by this and looks around for Prashant. Prashant meanwhile is with Janice, trying to convince her that he is her brother, who she had been told dead long back. Michael overhears the conversation & conspires to put the blame on the brother-sister duo. Taking advantage of the situation Drona and Michael instigate the locals against Prashant by framing him for the theft and duping Shanti under pretext of marriage. The hippies and the locals are now ready to bash Prashant the moment they come across him.

When Prashant again tries to meet Janice, the hippies give him a solid thrashing. The police commissioner intervenes and Prashant is saved. At the same time the true face of Drona is uncovered and he meets his end trying to run away from police. Janice sees that both her parents have arrived to meet her and realizes that Prashant is indeed her brother. Janice is deeply hurt that her parents had to see her in this state. She runs away from them and commits suicide. In her suicide note she tells Prashant how deeply she loved him and she never intended him to find her in this state and suicide was the only way out for her.

==Cast==
* [[Dev Anand]]- Prashant Jaiswal
* [[Zeenat Aman]] – Jasbir Jaiswal / Janice
* [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]] – Shanti
* Baby Guddi – Young Jasbir
* Satyajeet – Young Prashant (as Master Satyajit)
* [[Prem Chopra]] – Dronacharya
* [[Rajendra Nath]] – Toofan
* [[Junior Mehmood|Mehmood Jr.]] – Machina
*[[Sudhir (Hindi actor)|Sudhir]] – Michael
*[[Kishore Sahu]] – Mr. Jaiswal
*[[Achala Sachdev]] – Mrs. Jaiswal
* Mumtaz Begum – Shanti's Mother
*[[Iftekhar]] – IGP
*[[Raj Kishore]] – Sakhi
* Gautam Sarin – Deepak
* [[Indrani Mukherjee|Indrani]] [[Mukherjee]] – Mrs. Jaiswal (2nd)
* Yashodra Katju – (as Yashodhra Katju)

== Awards ==

; [[20th Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki>

'''Won'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] – [[Zeenat Aman]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]] – [[Asha Bhosle]] for "[[Dum Maro Dum (song)|Dum Maro Dum]]"

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Haré Rama Haré Krishna
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|1971|06|04}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = {{Duration|m=52|s=39}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| director = [[Dev Anand]]
| producer = [[Dev Anand]]
| prev_title = [[Hungama (1971 film)|Hungama]]
| prev_year = 1971
| next_title = [[Shehzada]]
| next_year = 1971
}}

The music of the film was composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]] and the lyrics were written by [[Anand Bakshi]]. The songs, "[[Dum Maro Dum (song)|Dum Maro Dum]]" and "Hare Rama Hare Krishna" were instant hits with the youth even as "Kanchi Re Kanchi Re", "Dekho O Diwano" and "Phoolon Ka Taron Ka" showed the versatility of composer R.D. Burman.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lokapally|first1=Vijay|title=Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/hare-rama-hare-krishna-1971/article4608226.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 April 2013 |access-date=12 April 2013}}</ref>
[[Asha Bhosle]] won [[Filmfare Best Female Playback Award]] for the song "[[Dum Maro Dum (song)|Dum Maro Dum]]", which was a huge hit. Biggest Nepali musician [[Ranjit Gazmer]] played the [[madal]] in this movie. [[R.D. Burman]] gave him a chance in Bollywood films as he also heard Ranjit's composed song "Kancha Re Kancha" and re-write the song lyrics and composition as in Hindi '''Kanchi Re Kanchi Re''' which was sung by [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| 1
| "Hare Rama Hare Krishna (Female Version)"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Usha Uthup]]
| 3:47
|-
| 2
| "Dekho O Diwano"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
| 4:31
|-
| 3
| "[[Dum Maro Dum (song)|Dum Maro Dum]]"
| Asha Bhosle
| 2:36
|-
| 4
| "Hare Rama Hare Krishna, Pt. 1 (Dance Version)"
| [[Usha Uthup]]
| 2:17
|-
| 5
| "Hare Rama Hare Krishna, Pt. 2 (Dance Version)"
| [[Usha Uthup]]
| 1:32
|-
| 6
| "O Re Ghungroo Ka Bole"
| Lata Mangeshkar
| 5:02
|-
| 7
| "Phoolon Ka Taron Ka (Female)"
| Lata Mangeshkar
| 3:30
|-
| 8
| "Phoolon Ka Taron Ka (Male)
| Kishore Kumar
| 6:00
|-
| 9
| "Kanchi Re Kanchi"
| [[Kishore Kumar]], Lata Mangeshkar
| 4:57
|-
| 10
| "Kanchi Re Kanchi (Revival)"
| Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Hare Krishna in popular culture]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb title|0067183}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haré Rama Haré Krishna}}
[[Category:1971 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]
[[Category:1972 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hippie films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dev Anand]]
[[Category:Hinduism in popular culture]]
[[Category:Krishna in popular culture]]
[[Category:Films set in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Indian films about cannabis]]
[[Category:International Society for Krishna Consciousness media]]
[[Category:Films set in Montreal]]
[[Category:Films about Indian Canadians]]
[[Category:Films produced by Dev Anand]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Dev Anand]]
[[Category:Films about substance abuse]]

1803 Garhwal earthquake

2026-03-27T13:55:07Z

NoemiConley374: Made New Page

{{Short description|Earthquake in India}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = 1803 Garhwal earthquake
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = {{coord|30.656|N|78.784|E|display=inline,title}}
| map2 = {{Location map+|India
| places =
{{Location map~|India|lat=30.656|long=78.784|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=50}}
| relief = yes
| width = 250
| float = center|border=infobox
| caption = }}
| timestamp =
| isc-event =
| anss-url =
| local-date = 1 September 1803
| local-time = 01:30<ref name="Himalayan earthquakes"/>
| duration =
| magnitude = {{M|w|link=yes}} 7.8 ± 0.2
| depth =
| fault = [[Main Himalayan Thrust]]
| type = [[Fault (geology)|Thrust]] ([[Blind thrust earthquake|Blind]])
| affected = [[India]] & [[Pakistan]]
| damages =
| intensity = {{MMI|9}} {{MSK-64|X}}
| pga =
| pgv =
| tsunami =
| landslide =
| foreshocks =
| aftershocks =
| casualties = 200–300 dead
| citations =
| pre-1900 = yes
}}

The '''1803 Garhwal earthquake''' occurred in the early morning of September 1 at 01:30 [[Time in India|local time]]. The estimated 7.8-magnitude-earthquake had an epicenter in the [[Garhwal Himalaya]] near [[Uttarkashi]], [[British India]]. Major damage occurred in the Himalaya and [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]], with the loss of between 200 and 300 lives.<ref name="NGDC">{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/1563 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> It is among the largest Himalaya earthquakes of the 19th-century, caused by [[thrust fault]]ing.

==Tectonic setting==
The Himalaya is located at the [[convergent boundary]] where active convergence leads to [[continental collision]]. The India and Eurasian plates began colliding approximately 50 million years ago when the [[Tethys Ocean]] closed. The [[Main Himalayan Thrust]] (MHT), a [[decollement]] structure, defines the boundary between the [[Indian plate]] and [[Eurasian plate]]. The convergent zone also contains three other major faults; the [[Main Boundary Thrust]], [[Main Central Thrust]] and [[South Tibetan Detachment]]. At the surface, the Main Himalayan Thrust propagates along the [[Main Frontal Thrust]] (MFT). These faults runs for approximately 2,300 km in an east–west direction, parallel to the southern foothills of the [[Lower Himalayan Range]] from [[Assam]], through [[Nepal]], and into [[Pakistan]]. This major [[thrust fault]] dips to the north, beneath the Himalaya at a shallow angle. It is the source of most of Himalayan earthquakes.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Metcalfe|first=John|date=14 June 2016|title=Study: Nepal Could Be Due for Another Major Earthquake|publisher=Bloomberg News|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-06-13/nepal-could-be-hit-by-another-major-earthquake-say-scientists|access-date=12 Dec 2020}}</ref><ref name="Himalayan earthquakes">{{cite journal |last1=Bilham |first1=Roger |title=Himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential |journal=Geological Society, London, Special Publications |date=2019 |volume=483 |issue=1 |pages=423–482 |doi=10.1144/SP483.16 |bibcode=2019GSLSP.483..423B |url=https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/483/1/423 |access-date=23 April 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Earthquakes on the convergent boundary are megathrust events that repeat every few centuries. Large Himalayan earthquakes including those in [[1505 Lo Mustang earthquake|1505]], [[1934 Nepal–India earthquake|1934]] and [[1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake|1950]] with magnitudes of 8.0+ were the result of rupturing the Main Himalayan Thrust. These events generated surface ruptures by breaching the surface via the MFT.

==Impact==
[[File:Kuttull Minor, Delhi. The Qutb Minar, an aquatint by Thomas Daniell, 1805.jpg|200px|thumb|right|An artwork of the [[Qutub Minar]] in 1805.]]
At [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] in the [[meizoseismal area]], an estimated 500–1,000 homes were destroyed, and a [[landslide]] occurred. Ground [[fissure]]s and [[liquefaction]] events took place in [[Mathura]], near [[Aligarh]] and [[Agra]].<ref name="Verma">{{cite journal |author1=Mithila Verma |author2=R. J. Singh |author3=B. K. Bansal |title=Soft sediments and damage pattern: a few case studies from large Indian earthquakes vis-a-vis seismic risk evaluation |journal=Natural Hazards |date=19 June 2014 |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=1829–1851 |doi=10.1007/s11069-014-1283-4|bibcode=2014NatHa..74.1829V |s2cid=129230290 }}</ref> An estimated 200–300 people died due to collapsing roofs. Partial damage occurred in the towns [[Devprayag]], [[Joshimath]], [[Badrinath]] and [[Almora]]. A landslide buried the small village and fort on the eastern bank of the [[Yamuna River]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Verma" />

The shaking was strongly felt in [[Mathura]] and lasted several minutes. It destroyed many [[pucca homes]] in the city. Many residents were driven out of their homes, and into the streets or agricultural fields. A pregnant woman died after being struck by falling tiles.<ref name="Dasgupta_a" /> Large fissures occurred in fields, spilling vast quantities of water. One of the fissures partially swallowed the [[dome]] of a mosque. The fissures continued to eject water for several weeks, benefitting the residents who were able to obtain water.<ref name="Dasgupta_a">{{cite journal |author1=Sujit Dasgupta |author2=Basab Mukhopadhyay |title=1803 Earthquake in Garhwal Himalaya – Archival Materials With Commentary |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |date=2014 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=21–33 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/212591301/1803-EARTHQUAKE-IN-GARHWAL-HIMALAYA-ARCHIVAL-MATERIALS-WITH-COMMENTARY |publisher=[[Scribd]]}}</ref>

The Hindu [[Badrinath Temple]] suffered severe damage from the quake.<ref name="Sharma">{{cite news |author1=Vikram Sharma |title=Uttarakhand has a history of earthquakes but nobody cares! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/feb/23/uttarakhand-has-a-history-of-earthquakes-but-nobody-cares-1573958.html |access-date=16 November 2021 |agency=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=23 February 2017}}</ref> Several temples, including the [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]] in [[Uttarkashi]], and [[Tungnath]], were totally destroyed.<ref name="Sandiford">{{cite journal |author1=[[C. P. Rajendran]] |author2=[[Kusala Rajendran]] |author3=Jaishri Sanwal |author4=Mike Sandiford |title=Archeological and Historical Database on the Medieval Earthquakes of the Central Himalaya: Ambiguities and Inferences |journal=[[Seismological Research Letters]] |date=2013 |volume=84 |issue=6 |page=1098 |doi=10.1785/0220130077 |bibcode=2013SeiRL..84.1098R |url=http://www.seismosoc.org/Publications/srl/SRL_84/srl_84-6_hs_II/srl_84-6_hs_II.pdf}}</ref>

The earthquake occurred at the beginning of the [[Siege of Aligarh]] during [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]. [[Aligarh Fort]] was captured by the [[British East India Company]] from the [[Marathi people]] and [[French India|French]]. The siege came to an end because the severely damage fort walls were breached, easing capture for the British.<ref name="Bilham">{{cite journal |author1=Roger Bilham |title=Historical Studies of Earthquakes in India |journal=Annals of Geophysics |date=2004 |citeseerx=10.1.1.554.5602 }}</ref><ref name="riskavoider.com">{{cite web |title=1803 Garhwal Earthquake: Implications for western UP and NCR |url=https://riskavoider.com/1803-garhwal-earthquake/ |website=Risk Prevention Mitigation and Management Forum |access-date=16 November 2021 |date=30 August 2021}}</ref>

At [[New Delhi]], a [[cupola]] in the [[Qutb Minar]] collapsed and the main column was structurally weakened.<ref name="Page & Sharma">{{cite book |author1=J. A. Page |author2=Y. D. Sharma |title=World Heritage Series: Qutb Minar & Adjoining Monuments |date=2002 |publisher=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-87780-07-X |page=54 |url=https://ia801001.us.archive.org/24/items/QutbMinarAndAdjoiningMonuments-English/QutbMinarAndAdjoiningAreas.pdf}}</ref> Reports documented that the spire of the [[Khanqah-e-Moula]] in [[Kashmir Valley]]'s [[Srinagar]] also collapsed, although it may have been a conflation with a previous earthquake. Fissuring was also observed in the city. [[Seiche]]s in a water tank at the [[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden]] in [[Calcutta]] caused by the quake was strong enough to throw fishes out of their aquarium.<ref name="Dasgupta_b">{{cite web |author1=Sujit Dasgupta |title=The 1803 North India earthquake |url=https://sites.google.com/site/indiaquake2/the-1803-north-india-earthquake |website=Indiaquake |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>

==Earthquake==
The earthquake is believed to have [[earthquake rupture|ruptured]] the MHT but did not propagate to the surface. It shared similar characteristics with the [[1905 Kangra earthquake|1905 Kangra]] and the two [[2015 Nepal earthquake]]s; all three events failed to rupture the MHT, hence did not produce any [[surface rupture]]. This [[blind thrust earthquake]] is the largest in the Indian Himalaya during the 19th-century. Another similar-sized event [[1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake|occurred in Nepal in August 1833]]. This earthquake was located immediately east of the great 1505 earthquake rupture zone.<ref name="Rajendran et al.">{{cite journal |author1=[[C. P. Rajendran]] |author2=Biju John |author3=K. Anandasabari |author4=Jaishri Sanwal |author5=Kusala Rajendran |author6=Pankaj Kumar |author7=Sundeep Chopra |title=On the paleoseismic evidence of the 1803 earthquake rupture (or lack of it) along the frontal thrust of the Kumaun Himalaya |journal=Tectonophysics |date=2018 |volume=772 |pages=227–234 |doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.012 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195117304742|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|bibcode=2018Tectp.722..227R |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Two smaller earthquakes; the [[1991 Uttarkashi earthquake|1991 Uttarkashi]] and [[1999 Chamoli earthquake]]s, also occurred in the epicenter region of the 1803 event.

Descriptions of severe damage and ground effects from the event suggest the [[earthquake rupture]] initiated beneath the Himalaya range, and propagated south; up-dip along the MHT in a northwest–southeast direction.<ref name="Himalayan earthquakes" /> The rupture ceased just short of the MFT.<ref name="Rajendran et al." /> [[Coulomb stress transfer|Accumulated stress]] to the east caused by the 1505 event was released during the 1803 quake. An estimated maximum coseismic slip of 4.5 meters or less occurred. Since then, roughly 3 meters of slip have accumulated. The two earthquakes in 1991 and 1999 failed to release the seismic strain accumulated since the 1803 event.<ref name="Himalayan earthquakes" />

The [[moment magnitude]] was previously assigned 8.0 in past [[academic journal]]s{{Example needed||date=July 2022}} based on damage descriptions and felt reports from the historical documentation, but more recent reassessments indicate a much smaller magnitude of 7.8.<ref name="Rajendran et al." /> The earthquake magnitude has even been downgraded to 7.3 in some journals.<ref name="Rajendran & Rajendran" />

A macroseismic intensity survey from 1979 assigned the holy city [[Badrinath]] with VII (''Very strong'')–IX (''Violent'')-level shaking on the [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]]. A 2005 journal by geologist [[C. P. Rajendran]] and seismologist [[Kusala Rajendran]] published in ''[[Tectonophysics (journal)|Tectonophysics]]'' assigned the maximum [[Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale]] intensity at IX–X in [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]] and [[Devprayag]].<ref name="Rajendran & Rajendran">{{cite journal |author1=[[C. P. Rajendran]] |author2=[[Kusala Rajendran]] |title=The status of central seismic gap: A perspective based on the spatial and temporal aspects of the large Himalayan earthquakes |journal=[[Tectonophysics (journal)|Tectonophysics]] |date=2005 |volume=395 |issue=1 |pages=19–39|doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2004.09.009|bibcode=2005Tectp.395...19R |url=https://www.academia.edu/1844741}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of earthquakes in Nepal]]
*[[List of earthquakes in India]]
*[[List of historical earthquakes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Himalayan earthquakes}}
{{Earthquakes in India}}
{{Uttarakhand|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garhwal earthquake}}
[[Category:Earthquakes in India]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Tibet]]
[[Category:Disasters in Uttarakhand|1803 Garhwal earthquake]]
[[Category:1803 disasters]]
[[Category:1803 in India]]
[[Category:1800s disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:19th-century disasters in India]]
[[Category:Buried rupture earthquakes]]
[[Category:History of Garhwal]]
[[Category:September 1803]]
[[Category:1800s earthquakes]]

S. S. Rajamouli

2026-03-25T06:42:48Z

NoemiConley374: slightly reworked structure for accuracy and updated info

{{Short description|Indian director and screenwriter (born 1973)}}
{{Redirect|Rajamouli|the Indian costume designer and his wife|Rama Rajamouli}}
{{Family name hatnote|Koduri|lang=Telugu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}

{{Infobox person
| name = S. S. Rajamouli
| image = SS Rajamouli, 2021.jpg
| caption = Rajamouli in 2021
| birth_name = Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|10|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hire Kotnekal]], [[Mysore State]] (present-day [[Karnataka]]), India
| other_names = {{hlist|Jakkanna|Nandi}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter}}
| works = {{hlist|[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Filmography]]|[[Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli|cinematic style]]}}
| relatives =
| family = [[List of South Indian film families#Koduri family|Koduri family]]
| father = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Rama Rajamouli]]|2001}}
| children = 2
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by S. S. Rajamouli|Full list]]
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=26 January 2016 |title=Baahubali Director Rajamouli Says he 'Doesn't Deserve' Padma Shri |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/baahubali-director-rajamouli-says-he-doesnt-deserve-padma-shri-1270117 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|dʒ|ə|m|aʊ|l|ɪ}} {{respell|RAH|juh|mow|li}}; born 10 October 1973) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. Known for his [[Epic film|epic]], [[Action film|action drama]], and [[fantasy]] genre films, he is one of the most prolific and the highest grossing Indian directors of all time,<ref>
*{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |date=23 February 2025 |title=Meet India's most successful director with ₹4200 crore gross, 0 flops; not Bhansali, Hirani, Karan Johar, Rohit Shetty |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/indias-most-successful-film-director-ss-rajamouli-box-office-4200-cr-bhansali-rajkumar-hirani-karan-johar-rohit-shetty-101740296524306.html |access-date=24 February 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}
*{{Cite web |date=2023-03-11 |title=Ahead of Oscars 2023, revisiting SS Rajamouli's RRR -the records it broke, legacy it created, glory it brought |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/s-s-rajamoulis-rrr-the-mega-movie-event-it-became-records-it-broke-legacy-it-created-glory-it-brought-1212180 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311201552/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/s-s-rajamoulis-rrr-the-mega-movie-event-it-became-records-it-broke-legacy-it-created-glory-it-brought-1212180 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |quote=He's the highest grossing Indian director and also the director to secure the highest theatrical share.}}</ref> as well as the highest-paid director in [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref>* {{Cite web |last=Rathore |first=Manya |date=24 August 2023 |title=Best-paid directors from India 2023, by fee |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/972743/india-best-paid-directors-by-fee/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206103052/https://www.statista.com/statistics/972743/india-best-paid-directors-by-fee/ |archive-date=6 December 2024 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=[[Statista]] |language=en |quote=In 2023, S.S. Rajamouili, known for films like Baahubali: The Beginning and Baahubali 2, was the leading director in India whose charge for a single project grossed about two billion Indian rupees. |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Suparna |date=30 April 2022 |title=Indian director Rajamouli scores a global hit with new film RRR |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/30/indian-director-ss-rajamouli-rrr-film-teluga-cinema |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714162150/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/30/indian-director-ss-rajamouli-rrr-film-teluga-cinema |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |quote=It catapulted Rajamouli into becoming India’s most expensive director, commanding about $13m to direct a film. }}
* {{Cite web |date=2 June 2020 |title=Rohit Shetty to SS Rajamouli, this is how much 5 of the highest-paid directors in Bollywood charge per movie |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/rohit-shetty-ss-rajamouli-highest-paid-directors-in-bollywood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919165535/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/rohit-shetty-ss-rajamouli-highest-paid-directors-in-bollywood |archive-date=19 September 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ India]] |language=en-IN |quote=DNA also reported that the director SS Rajamouli, took home a mammoth profit share of Rs 100 crore. This is probably the most any director has earned from a movie, yet. }}</ref> Rajamouli is a recipient of various [[List of awards and nominations received by S. S. Rajamouli|national and international honours]] including a [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director|New York Film Critics Circle award]], a [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Critics' Choice Movie Award]], two [[Saturn Awards]], four [[National Film Awards]], and five [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Filmfare Awards]]. In 2016, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Padma Shri]], for his contributions in the field of art. In 2023, he was included on the ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s list of the 100 most influential people in the world.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 April 2023 |title=TIME100: The Most Influential People of 2023 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/ |access-date=13 April 2023 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413151502/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2023/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli has been described by film trade analyst [[Komal Nahta]] as "the biggest Indian film director ever" and by [[SOAS University of London|SOAS]] professor [[Rachel Dwyer]] as "India's most significant director today".<ref name=":122">{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Rachel |author-link=Rachel Dwyer |date=2022-04-01 |title=Director's Roar – The globalisation of South Indian cinema began with Rajamouli |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/directors-roar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905161209/https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/directors-roar/ |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]] |language=en-GB |quote=SS Rajamouli is perhaps India’s most significant director today. He can make a film in a south Indian language that, when dubbed, becomes a pan-Indian film that can also be enjoyed overseas.}}</ref><ref name="Sharma-2022" /> He has directed twelve feature films, all of which have been box office successes.<ref name="Sharma-2022"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tetali |first=Sagar |date=22 March 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli, Maker of Myths |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/rajamouli-movies-rrr-baahubali-prabhas-rana-daggubati-ntr-ram-charan-samantha-maker-of-myths/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711054627/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-featuresrajamouli-movies-rrr-baahubali-prabhas-rana-daggubati-ntr-ram-charan-samantha-maker-of-myths/ |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]] |quote=And he has never failed — he has not had a film which was unprofitable at the box office, and ...... At what he has set out to do — whether or not it's to the taste of the art film aficionado or the film critic — he has never yet failed.}}</ref> Three of his films{{Em dash}}''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' (2015), ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017), and ''[[RRR]]'' (2022){{Em dash}}rank among the [[List of highest-grossing films in India#Domestic gross figures|top 15 highest grossing-films in India]]. Each of these films was the [[List of most expensive Indian films#Record-holders|most expensive Indian production]] at the time of its release. ''Baahubali 2'' became the first Indian film to gross over [[1000 Crore Club|₹10 billion]] and held the record as the highest-grossing Indian film. It also sold over 100 million tickets, the highest for any film in India since ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975).<ref name=":532">{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=Sandeep |date=10 July 2017 |title=Baahubali 2 is the first Indian film with over 10 crore footfalls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/baahubali-2-is-the-first-indian-film-with-over-10-crore-footfalls/story-EdFN8PUyaTeaWW5I8PuwiJ.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824072825/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/baahubali-2-is-the-first-indian-film-with-over-10-crore-footfalls/story-EdFN8PUyaTeaWW5I8PuwiJ.html |archive-date=24 August 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref>

The 2009 fantasy action film, ''[[Magadheera]]'' was the [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|highest-grossing Telugu film]] ever at the time of its release. ''[[Eega]]'' (2012) won nine awards at the [[Toronto After Dark Film Festival#2013|Toronto After Dark Film Festival]], including the Most Original Film. ''[[Baahubali (franchise)#Feature films|Baahubali]]'' films have received six [[Saturn Awards|Saturn Award]] nominations with ''Baahubali 2'' winning the [[Saturn Award for Best International Film|Best International Film]]. ''RRR'' received various [[List of accolades received by RRR|international accolades]] including an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] and a [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] for the song "[[Naatu Naatu]]", and a [[Critics' Choice Movie Awards|Critics' Choice Movie Award]] for [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]].

[[S. S. Rajamouli filmography|Rajamouli's films]] are typically characterized by their epic grandeur, stylized action sequences, unbridled [[hero]]ism and larger-than-life characters with historical and mythological references. His films have been noted for their integration of [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] with [[practical effect]]s. With his ''Baahubali'' films, he has pioneered the [[pan-Indian film]] movement.<ref>
*{{Cite web |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=1 April 2022 |title=Cinema's Biggest Mythmaker |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/ss-rajamouli-cinemas-biggest-mythmaker/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626102823/https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/ss-rajamouli-cinemas-biggest-mythmaker/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]] |language=en |quote=He is perhaps singlehandedly responsible for the rise of the pan-Indian film.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Gautam |date=25 March 2022 |title=The original Pan India filmmaker |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-original-pan-india-filmmaker.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523195352/https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-original-pan-india-filmmaker.html |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Ormax Media |language=en |quote=Before the release of Bahubali: The Beginning (2015), the term ‘Pan India film’ did not exist in film media or audience lingo.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=30 March 2022 |title=Inside the mind of SS Rajamouli: Decoding how the RRR director lends scale to his storytelling |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144603/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |archive-date=18 August 2022 |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |quote=Producer G Dhananjayan says, “Rajamouli has redefined the reach of regional cinema consistently through his films, starting with Eega [2012] to the Baahubali series, and now with RRR. The entire concept of pan-Indian films came from him when he succeeded with Eega across many Indian languages. This opened up this concept. Thanks to his vision, today, a lot of films are able to be made on a bigger budget targeted at a pan-Indian audience. Rajamouli stands tall among all Indian filmmakers for his vision, innovation, and expansion of the regional language market at a global level.”}}</ref> He is also credited for expanding the market of [[Telugu cinema]] and [[Cinema of South India|South Indian cinema]] into [[North India]] and international markets.<ref>
*{{Cite web |last1=S. |first1=Vidya |last2=Lidhoo |first2=Prerna |date=22 July 2022 |title=How Movies From the South Conquered Bollywood |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163253/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |archive-date=14 August 2022 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |quote=As audiences lapped up 'Why did Katappa kill Baahubali?', a market was not just created in the North for theatrical releases of Hindi-dubbed south Indian films, but it also paved the way for them to hammer Hindi films in their home turf. Clearly, Rajamouli has sown the seeds of south Indian cinema’s dominance of Indian movie theatres across the country, with others following in his footsteps.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Rachel |date=2022-04-01 |title=Director's Roar – The globalisation of South Indian cinema began with Rajamouli |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/directors-roar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905161209/https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/directors-roar/ |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]] |language=en |quote=SS Rajamouli is perhaps India's most significant director today. He can make a film in a south Indian language that, when dubbed, becomes a pan-Indian film that can also be enjoyed overseas. SS Rajamouli is now widely regarded as one of India's greatest directors. Rajamouli's impact on Indian cinema is yet to be assessed, but he is perhaps primarily responsible for galvanising the interest in south Indian cinema that is now being watched all over India.}}
*{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Indira |date=2022-09-09 |title=Changing perception of Indian Cinema: How Bollywood is no more favourite for overseas cinegoers |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/changing-perception-of-indian-cinema-how-bollywood-is-no-more-favourite-for-overseas-cinegoers-11217341.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912131105/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/changing-perception-of-indian-cinema-how-bollywood-is-no-more-favourite-for-overseas-cinegoers-11217341.html |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Firstpost |language=en |quote=Rajamouli and his last film RRR may have single-handedly prompted not just Indian audiences but also cinephiles worldwide to look beyond Bollywood while seeking entertaining Indian blockbusters.}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli was born on 10 October 1973 in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] family<ref>{{Cite web |title=SS Rajamouli – Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/ssrajamouli/status/217993762507456512 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421102233/https://twitter.com/ssrajamouli/status/217993762507456512 |archive-date=21 April 2022 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=Twitter |language=en |quote=my mother tongue is Telugu and I was born in Karnataka}}</ref> to [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] and Raja Nandini.<ref name="indt322">{{Cite web |date=20 July 2015 |title=Baahubali, Bajrangi Bhaijaan: Meet the Rs 500 crore writer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/baahubali-bajrangi-bhaijaan-vijayendra-prasad-salman-khan-story-writer-telegu-film-283545-2015-07-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205142746/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/baahubali-bajrangi-bhaijaan-vijayendra-prasad-salman-khan-story-writer-telegu-film-283545-2015-07-20 |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=22 October 2018 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2012 |title=SS Rajamouli's mother Rajanandini died today |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/ss-rajamouli-mother-rajanandini-died-100512.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205051614/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2012/ss-rajamouli-mother-rajanandini-died-100512.html |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=22 October 2018 |website=Filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref> His parents were staying in Amareshwara Camp in [[Raichur district]] of [[Mysore State]] (present-day [[Karnataka]]) at the time of his birth.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2017 |title=Karnataka roots: Baahubali 2 director Rajamouli was born in Raichur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/baahubali-2-creator-rajamouli-has-roots-in-karnataka/articleshow/58484575.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702063931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/baahubali-2-creator-rajamouli-has-roots-in-karnataka/articleshow/58484575.cms |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Both his parents hail from [[Andhra Pradesh]] {{Em dash}} his father from [[Kovvur]] near [[Rajahmundry]] and his mother from [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Nivedita |date=13 May 2017 |title=Vizag holds a special place in my heart: Rajamouli |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-holds-a-special-place-in-my-heart-rajamouli/article18445586.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807125407/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-holds-a-special-place-in-my-heart-rajamouli/article18445586.ece |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=14 August 2018 |work=The Hindu |via=}}</ref><ref name="Atluri-20042">{{Cite web |last=Atluri |first=Sri |date=10 December 2004 |title=TC Exclusive: Interview with writer Vijayendra Prasad |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/interview_vijayendraprasad_2004.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211004414/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/interview_vijayendraprasad_2004.shtml |archive-date=11 December 2004 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref><ref name="Idlebrain.com-20052">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2005 |title=Interview with SS Rajamouli by Jeevi – Chatrapathi |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122112710/http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=15 December 2018 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

Rajamouli's father is a [[Kamma (caste)|Kamma]] and his mother belonged to [[Kapu (caste)|Kapu]] caste.<ref name=":123">{{Citation |title=K. V. Vijayendra Prasad Interview - Full Episode |date=31 May 2021 |work=[[Alitho Saradaga]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyFN0n5aXtI&t=2172s |access-date=2023-05-24 |publisher=[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] |language=te}}; Event occurs from 36:12 to 38:51</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamatha Reddy |date=2 June 2021 |title=Did Vijayendra Prasad intentionally reveal about inter-caste marriage? |url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994362693/Did-Vijayendra-Prasad-intentionally-revealed-about-intercaste-marriage |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=India Herald |language=en}}</ref> Vijayendra Prasad is opposed to the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] and dropped the initial 'K' from his name, as he felt it was an indicator of his caste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-18 |title=Why did Katappa Kill Baahubali? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/vijayendra-prasad-why-did-katappa-kill-baahubali-5100373/ |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |quote=Very early in his career, he dropped ‘K’ from his name, KV Vijayendra Prasad, because “it was an indicator of my caste”. “The caste system is at the root of most problems our country faces. I want it eradicated but it’s not enough to preach without practising it.”}}</ref><ref name=":123" />

Rajamouli's parents are ardent devotees of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]. He was born after his mother had a dream when she visited the pilgrimage site of [[Srisailam]]. Hence, he was named Srisaila Sri Rajamouli.<ref name="atheist2">{{Cite news |date=27 April 2017 |title=SS Rajamouli on Baahubali 2: The Conclusion, being an atheist and his love for cinema |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ss-rajamouli-on-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-being-an-atheist-and-his-love-for-cinema-3408524.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430233149/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ss-rajamouli-on-baahubali-2-the-conclusion-being-an-atheist-and-his-love-for-cinema-3408524.html |archive-date=30 April 2017}}</ref> He has one elder sister who now lives in [[Australia]].<ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref>{{Citation |title=K. V. Vijayendra Prasad Interview – Full Episode |date=31 May 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyFN0n5aXtI&t=1615s |work=[[Alitho Saradaga]] |access-date=2023-05-24 |publisher=[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]] |language=te |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524191048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyFN0n5aXtI&t=1615s |url-status=live}}; Event occurs from 26:55 to 27:05</ref> Rajamouli grew up in a [[Extended family|joint family]] {{Em dash}} his father and his five brothers lived in the same house with their families.<ref name="S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022-2022">{{Citation |title=S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022 |date=15 June 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDFk584zf6o |language=en |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDFk584zf6o |url-status=live}}; Event occurs from 9:46 to 11:42</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title=SS Rajamouli conquered Telugu cinema a decade ago. Is Bollywood next? |url=http://scroll.in/article/731818/ss-rajamouli-conquered-telugu-cinema-a-decade-ago-is-bollywood-next |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Scroll.in |date=3 June 2015 |language=en-US |quote=The director grew up in a joint family spilling over with uncles and cousins. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914153715/https://scroll.in/article/731818/ss-rajamouli-conquered-telugu-cinema-a-decade-ago-is-bollywood-next |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=Ours was a big joint family and we were 13 cousins. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Prasad's family had lands in Kovvur, which were lost when the railways lines were laid through them.<ref name="Atluri-2004">{{Cite web |last=Atluri |first=Sri |date=10 December 2004 |title=TC Exclusive: Interview with writer Vijayendra Prasad |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/interview_vijayendraprasad_2004.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211004414/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/interview_vijayendraprasad_2004.shtml |archive-date=11 December 2004 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref> Then, Prasad and his family moved to Karnataka from Kovvur in 1968. Prasad, along with his elder brother K. V. Sivashankar, bought seven [[acre]]s of paddy fields in [[Hire Kotnekal|Hirekotikal]] village near [[Manvi]] in Raichur district. Their family moved back to Kovvur in 1977.<ref name="The Times of India-2017">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2017 |title=Karnataka roots: Baahubali 2 director Rajamouli was born in Raichur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/baahubali-2-creator-rajamouli-has-roots-in-karnataka/articleshow/58484575.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702063931/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/baahubali-2-creator-rajamouli-has-roots-in-karnataka/articleshow/58484575.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=అంతర్జాతీయ వేదికపై తెలుగు పలుకులు..జైహింద్ అంటూ ప్రసంగం ముగించిన జక్కన్న |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ss-rajamouli-end-his-speech-with-mera-bharat-slogan-in-critics-choice-award-ceremony-121673844935904.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Hindustan Times Telugu |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116053048/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ss-rajamouli-end-his-speech-with-mera-bharat-slogan-in-critics-choice-award-ceremony-121673844935904.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Rajamouli was educated in Kovvur till fourth standard and then shifted to [[Eluru]] where he studied till [[Eleventh Grade#India|Intermediate first year]]. He then took a break of two years and finished his [[Twelfth Grade#India|Intermediate second year]] in Kovvur. After that, he did not pursue any further formal education.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005" />

Rajamouli was passionate about [[storytelling]] right from his second standard.<ref name="The Times of India-2">{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=Right from class two, my passion was telling stories. On Saturdays, we had an extra-curricular class, where it was always Rajamouli telling stories. I don't remember what I studied in school, but I remember each and every comic I read of Amar Chitra Katha. I used to mix and mash the characters from Amar Chitra Katha to tell stories to suit my liking. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> When he was seven years old, his grandmother introduced him to the [[Epic poetry|epic story]] ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', and [[Bhagavata Purana|''Bhagavata'']].<ref name="S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022-2022" /> At the same age, his father introduced him to ''[[Amar Chitra Katha]]'' comics that featured stories on Indian [[historical figure]]s, religious legends and [[Folklore|folktales]]. It had a huge impact on him and developed his penchant for larger-than-life characters.<ref name="Cain-2015">{{Cite web |last=Cain |first=Rob |date=27 August 2015 |title=An Interview With 'Baahubali' Director SS Rajamouli: The Beginning |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/08/27/an-interview-with-baahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-the-beginning/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en |quote=I was fascinated by the forts, the battles, the kings, I not only used to read those stories but I kept telling those stories to my friends in my own way. |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009101647/http://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/08/27/an-interview-with-baahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-the-beginning/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022-2022" /> He would remember those stories and the films he watched and then re-tell them to his friends in his own way.<ref name="Cain-2015" /><ref name="The Times of India-2" /><ref name="atheist2"/> His mother was keen on him learning [[English language|English]] and would take him to watch [[English language|English]]-language films in the nearby towns. She encouraged him to read [[comics]] and [[Children's literature|storybooks]] in his free time and never pressured him in academics.<ref name="S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022-2022" /><ref name="Olson-2022" /> His father recollecting about Rajamouli's childhood noted, "he was not an ambitious child. For a long time, we did not know what interested him. He showed some inclination towards films. He played the role of young Krishna in a film I directed."<ref name="Naidu">{{Cite news |last=Naidu |first=Rajesh |title=S S Rajamouli: The Epic Storyteller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/s-s-rajamouli-the-epic-storyteller/articleshow/48421698.cms |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829131058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/s-s-rajamouli-the-epic-storyteller/articleshow/48421698.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli's paternal grandfather was a wealthy landlord who owned 360 [[acre]]s of land. By the time Rajamouli was 10 or 11 years old, they lost much of their wealth.<ref name="S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022-2022-2">{{Citation |title=S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022 |date=15 June 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDFk584zf6o |language=en |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDFk584zf6o |url-status=live}}; Event occurs from 13:02 to 14:24</ref><ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=We were failed producers that ate away all the resources that my grandfather had accumulated as a rich landlord. We hit rock bottom and did not have any money for even my further education after intermediate. All of us were living in a two-room apartment. Even though they were hard days, it was fun together. Today, talking about those days, it looks as if we were poor; but at that time, we were happy and were sure that good days lay ahead. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ramnath-2015">{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=3 June 2015 |title=SS Rajamouli conquered Telugu cinema a decade ago. Is Bollywood next? |url=http://scroll.in/article/731818/ss-rajamouli-conquered-telugu-cinema-a-decade-ago-is-bollywood-next |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914153715/https://scroll.in/article/731818/ss-rajamouli-conquered-telugu-cinema-a-decade-ago-is-bollywood-next |url-status=live}}</ref> As his father Vijayendra Prasad and uncle [[Siva Shakthi Datta]] were passionate about filmmaking, they sold most of their remaining assets and shifted to [[Chennai|Madras]] to make films. They started many films that went unfinished. They faced financial losses and started working as [[ghostwriter]]s to make ends meet.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=My father, who then had no money to produce films, became a ghostwriter just for money. At home, he used to talk about his stories and I used to give him inputs and he took me as his assistant. He then established himself as a writer in films and we graduated to becoming lower middle class with each of his brothers living in separate houses. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Atluri-2004-2">{{Cite web |last=Atluri |first=Sri |date=22 September 2004 |title=S. S. Rajamouli Exclusive interview with TC.Com |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/ssrajamoulinterview.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206213017/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/ssrajamoulinterview.shtml |archive-date=6 December 2004 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref><ref name="SS Rajamouli EMOTIONAL Words About His Wife Rama Rajamouli | Filmylooks">{{Citation |title=SS Rajamouli EMOTIONAL Words About His Wife Rama Rajamouli {{!}} Filmylooks (in Telugu) | date=31 October 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjeBqNTXjTc&t=210s |language=en |access-date=15 July 2022 |archive-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728192950/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjeBqNTXjTc&t=210s |url-status=live }}; From 3:30 to 6:02</ref> Thirteen members of his extended family started living in a two-room apartment in Madras. Rajamouli recollects his family sitting together and making fun of themselves and their condition at the time, but they were never sad about it.<ref name="S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022-2022-2" /><ref name="The Times of India" />

Later Prasad established himself as a screenwriter with films like ''[[Bobbili Simham]]'' (1994) and ''[[Gharana Bullodu]]'' (1995).<ref name="Atluri-2004" /><ref name="Tetali-2022">{{Cite web |last=Tetali |first=Sagar |date=22 March 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli, Maker of Myths |url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/1leqf |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=Film Companion}}</ref> Wanting to make another film, his father then co-produced (along with Katragadda Prasad) and directed a film called ''Ardhangi'' (1996) with his life savings.<ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref name="The Times of India-3">{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=After my father earned a little money as a writer, he went to his first love of producing films but the film was a miserable flop. I was 23 years old and everything we had was gone. Also, since he had become a director, no one gave him writing assignments; so we had no source of income for a year. We were scared of even paying our TV installment of ₹630 and were scared of the humiliation when the guy would come and take it away. This was the time I lost my innocence and the harsh reality of life hit me. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005" /><ref name="Mint-2022">{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Rajamouli on his next dream project and Bollywood vs south film industry |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/rajamouli-on-his-next-dream-project-and-bollywood-vs-south-film-industry-11656874085710.html |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704182514/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/rajamouli-on-his-next-dream-project-and-bollywood-vs-south-film-industry-11656874085710.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajamouli recalls about that film:<blockquote>I was very actively involved in the project as an associate director. I felt that film was my child, even though I didn't direct the film. It was a miserable failure. My family went into a debt trap. It took us years to pick up and put the pieces together. All of that strongly stayed in my mind. That was a very low period for me. I then decided to never take anything for granted. It imbibed in me the work ethic to make everything [[Perfectionism (psychology)|perfect]] and interesting for the audience, no matter how small or unimportant that [[Scene (performing arts)#Film|scene]] or [[Shot (filmmaking)|shot]] might be. That lowest phase of my life taught me how I should work later on in my career.<ref name="SS Rajamouli EMOTIONAL Words About His Wife Rama Rajamouli | Filmylooks" /><ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005"/><ref name="The Times of India-3" /><ref name="Mint-2022" /></blockquote>

== Career ==
=== Early work ===
Rajamouli started his film career as an [[Apprenticeship|apprentice]] since mid-1990s to the veteran film editor [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]] and worked with him for six months.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=To escape from my father, I thought I should stay away from home and said I will become a director. So he put me as an apprentice under an editor and basically I did nothing except fooling around. But I read a lot of books. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /> Rajamouli recollects, "Even in my early 20s, I didn't know how to plan for my future. My father would constantly scold me for doing nothing. I joined films just to get away from his nagging. Slowly, I found my love for direction."<ref name="Naidu" /> He worked at [[AVM Productions|AVM]] recording theatre in [[Chennai]] for a few days. He also worked as an assistant director to [[Kranthi Kumar]] for some time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First time lucky |date=6 November 2014 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141105/entertainment-tollywood/article/first-time-lucky |access-date=10 June 2022 |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610170029/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141105/entertainment-tollywood/article/first-time-lucky |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2017 |title=Trivia about Rajamouli on his birthday |url=https://www.telugu360.com/trivia-rajamouli-birthday/ |access-date=10 June 2022 |publisher=Telugu360.com |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009091329/https://www.telugu360.com/trivia-rajamouli-birthday/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Then, he assisted his father Vijayendra Prasad for six years.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2005 |title=Interview with SS Rajamouli by Jeevi – Chatrapathi |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122112710/http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He started writing for films but was always disappointed by the execution of his stories by other directors. His frustration as a writer motivated him to become a director so that he can bring out his vision as a writer perfectly onto the screen.<ref>{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=I started writing for films but was always disappointed by the execution and thus wanted to become a director to bring out what I envisioned as a writer. My frustration as a writer was the reason for my becoming a director. |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

He then shifted to [[Hyderabad]] from Chennai and worked with his relative, [[Gangaraju Gunnam|Gunnam Gangaraju]], from whom he learnt about the practical aspect of filmmaking.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005"/><ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref name="The Times of India-4">{{Cite news |title=I am scared of handling big stars: Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-am-scared-of-handling-big-stars-rajamouli/articleshow/17677673.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Later under the supervision of [[K. Raghavendra Rao]], he directed social message-oriented commercials. He also directed a few [[Advertising|advertisements]] for the [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref name="The Times of India-4" /> He then worked for one and a half years as the director of the Telugu TV [[soap opera|serial]], [[Santhi Nivasam (TV series)|''Santhi Nivasam'']], along with Vara Mullapudi, which was produced by Raghavendra Rao. It aired on [[ETV (India)|ETV]].<ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref name="The Times of India-4" /> In an interview in 2005, Rajamouli called it the most arduous period in his life as he used to work for 17 hours a day.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005"/> He recalled:<blockquote>"My main aim while working in television was to get Mr Rao's approval. During my TV days, I didn't have much of an idea of what I was making. The good thing was that I was a hard worker, and I earned the nickname work devil."<ref name="Ramnath-2015" /></blockquote>

=== 2001–2008: Film debut and breakthrough ===
In 2001, Raghavendra Rao offered Rajamouli the chance to direct a [[feature film]] for his production house titled, ''[[Student No: 1]]'', which the latter accepted.<ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /> Raghavendra Rao provided the screenplay in addition to supervising the direction. Rajamouli later regretted not working for a longer time as an assistant director. "When I made my first film ''Student No: 1'', I didn't know how to use a [[Crane (machine)|crane]] because I never used a crane while I was doing my TV serial."<ref>{{Citation |title=S S Rajamouli and Anupam Kher at Goafest 2022 |date=15 June 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDFk584zf6o |language=en |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDFk584zf6o |url-status=live}}; Event occurs from 24:56 to 26:47</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=I am far from being a perfectionist, says 'RRR' film-maker SS Rajamouli |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/i-am-far-from-being-a-perfectionist-says-rrr-filmmaker-ss-rajamouli/articleshow/91395398.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-09-14 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914122617/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/i-am-far-from-being-a-perfectionist-says-rrr-filmmaker-ss-rajamouli/articleshow/91395398.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Student No:1'' was a [[coming of age]] romantic action film and was the second film of [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|NTR Jr.]] in a lead role. Rajamouli would go onto collaborate with NTR Jr. in three more films. Released on 27 September 2001, the film marked the official debut of SS Rajamouli as a director; the film went on to become a critical and commercial success, and was NTR Jr.'s first successful film.<ref name="R-2022">{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=24 March 2022 |title=Decoding SS Rajamouli's success ahead of RRR: A director who sells more tickets than superstars |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/ss-rajamouli-rrr-a-director-who-sells-more-tickets-than-superstars-7831831/ |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720112032/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/ss-rajamouli-rrr-a-director-who-sells-more-tickets-than-superstars-7831831/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli's second film was ''[[Simhadri (2003 film)|Simhadri]]'' (2003), again with NTR Jr. After his first film, he realised that the kind of films he wanted to make had more drama and action, and so he made ''Simhadri'', an [[Action film|action]] film.<ref name="The Times of India-4"/> It marked Rajamouli's first collaboration with his father Vijayendra Prasad who provided the story. ''Simhadri'' was also the first film penned by Rajamouli. The film emerged as a blockbuster and became one of the highest grossing Telugu films ever at the time.<ref name="Telugu360.com-2020">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2020 |title=NTR – S.S.Rajamouli's Yamadonga completes 13 Years |url=https://www.telugu360.com/ntr-s-s-rajamoulis-yamadonga-completes-13-years/ |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=Telugu360.com |language=en-US |archive-date=16 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716140446/https://www.telugu360.com/ntr-s-s-rajamoulis-yamadonga-completes-13-years/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the two-year gap between ''Student No.1'' and ''Simhadri'', Rajamouli planned his first mythological film with Malayalam actor [[Mohanlal]], but the film eventually got shelved.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-25 |title=Years back S.S Rajamouli planned a movie with Mohanlal |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/years-back-ss-rajamouli-planned-a-movie-with-mohanlal-malayalam-news-138376.html |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |archive-date=15 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915160559/https://www.indiaglitz.com/years-back-ss-rajamouli-planned-a-movie-with-mohanlal-malayalam-news-138376.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, Assistant art director Manu Jagath, who later worked as the art director for ''Baahubali'', released several sketches he had drawn for the shelved Mohanlal project.<ref>[http://www.onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/mohanlal-ss-rajamouli-teams-dropped-films-sketches-came-out-from-manu-jagat Mohanlal SS Rajamouli team’s dropped film’s sketches came out from Manu Jagat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011221757/http://www.onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/mohanlal-ss-rajamouli-teams-dropped-films-sketches-came-out-from-manu-jagat |date=11 October 2015 }}. Onlookersmedia.in (9 October 2015). Retrieved on 21 October 2015.</ref> During the same period he was also supposed to direct a fantasy film with [[Prakash Kovelamudi]] as the lead but the film was shelved due to financial reasons.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005"/><ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref name="Atluri-2004" />

Rajamouli's third film was ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]'' (2004), starring [[Nithin]] and [[Genelia D'Souza|Genelia]]. He recalls, "I got plenty of offers after the success of ''Simhadri''. But I deliberately made a decision not to make an emotionally charged mass film like ''Simhadri'' immediately. I don't want to get branded as mass director. Hence I did ''Sye'', which is radically different compared to ''Simhadri.''"<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2005"/> It was a first-of-its-kind film in [[Telugu cinema]], in that it was based on the sport of [[Rugby union|Rugby]]. This film was also the first instance where Rajamouli collaborated with [[K. K. Senthil Kumar]] who would eventually work with him on seven more films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=J Rao |first=Subha |date=12 April 2022 |title=Inside RRR universe with cinematographer KK Senthil Kumar, his two-decade long association with SS Rajamouli |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-rrr-universe-with-cinematographer-kk-senthil-kumar-his-two-decade-long-association-with-ss-rajamouli-10545911.html |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901205139/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-rrr-universe-with-cinematographer-kk-senthil-kumar-his-two-decade-long-association-with-ss-rajamouli-10545911.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Sye'' was commercially successful and won four [[Nandi Awards]]. ''Sye'' made a huge impact on the Telugu [[popular culture]] through its popularisation of Rugby to the masses.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tetali |first=Sagar |date=22 March 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli, Maker of Myths |url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/1leqf |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[Film Companion]] |quote=Rugby did not even skirt the periphery of our consciousness as kids. We’d never watched it on TV or live at a ground. But they had just watched Rajamouli’s new sports drama, Sye, and were in the grip of the viscerality of the sport.}}</ref>

His next venture was ''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]'' (2005), an action drama set in Vizag dealing with the plight of refugees. ''Chatrapathi'' starred [[Prabhas]] in the lead role with music composed by [[M. M. Keeravani]] and cinematography by Senthil Kumar. It was Rajamouli's fourth consecutive hit and became one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanaparthy |first=Ranganath |title=2005 year Top 10 – Telugu cinema – Hit films |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/2005yeartop10.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |archive-date=11 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011101216/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/2005yeartop10.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In his next project ''[[Vikramarkudu]]'' (2006), Rajamouli worked with [[Ravi Teja]] and [[Anushka Shetty]]. Rajamouli was attacked during the shooting of the film near [[Nanakramguda]] in Hyderabad. He suffered a hairline fracture on his hand and was admitted into a nearby [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2006 |title=Quarry workers attack Telugu film director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/quarry-workers-attack-telugu-film-director/articleshow/1502749.cms |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921213000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/quarry-workers-attack-telugu-film-director/articleshow/1502749.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2006 |title=SS Rajamouli attacked and is safe |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/attack-rajamouli.html |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=Idlebrain |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172324/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/attack-rajamouli.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Vikramarkudu'' was a [[Breakthrough role|breakthrough film]] for Anushka Shetty. The film was screened at the [[International Film Festival of India]] in the mainstream section.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Directorate of Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm37IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=37IIFA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013528/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm37IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=37IIFA.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2016 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=iffi.nic.in}}</ref> The film was a big success and was remade into several Indian languages including [[Kannada]] as ''[[Veera Madakari (film)|Veera Madakari]]'' (2009), Tamil as ''[[Siruthai]]'' (2011), and [[Hindi]] as ''[[Rowdy Rathore]]'' (2012).<ref>{{Cite web |title=South director SS Rajamouli wants to direct Aamir Khan – Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/South-director-SS-Rajamouli-wants-to-direct-Aamir-Khan/1038538 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015000406/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/South-director-SS-Rajamouli-wants-to-direct-Aamir-Khan/1038538/ |archive-date=15 October 2014 |website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

He then directed ''[[Yamadonga]]'' (2007), a fantasy action comedy film starring [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|NTR Jr.]], [[Priyamani]], [[Mohan Babu]], and [[Mamta Mohandas|Mamata Mohandas]]. The plot follows Raja, a thief who is killed by his rivals. Raja's soul travels to [[Naraka]] (hell) to face the trial for his sins by [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yama]], the Hindu god of death and justice. The film was successful at the box-office and became one of the highest grossing Telugu films ever at the time.<ref name="Telugu360.com-2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=Happy birthday Jr NTR: 5 movies that prove 'Young Tiger' is talent personified |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/happy-birthday-jr-ntr-5-movies-that-prove-young-tiger-is-talent-personified-839747.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424133708/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/happy-birthday-jr-ntr-5-movies-that-prove-young-tiger-is-talent-personified-839747.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli started his own [[production company]] Visvamithra Creations named after the ancient Indian sage [[Vishvamitra|Visvamitra]]. Prabhas acted as Visvamitra for the logo shoot of the company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2007 |title=Cherry (P Chiranjeevi) – Telugu Cinema interview – Telugu film producer |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/cherry.html |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Idlebrain.com |quote=When Rajamouli wanted to design the logo of Viswamitra Creations, he needed a model for Viswamitra photo. He requested Prabhas as his physique is very good. Prabhas obliged for a photo shoot. The designer cut the physique of Prabhas and inserted in the logo of Viswamitra creations. |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901205132/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/cherry.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Yamadonga'' was produced under the Visvamithra Creations banner but the producers were Cherry and Urmila Gunnam with [[Rama Rajamouli]] presenting the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atluri |first=Sri |date=28 September 2008 |title=Star Interviews : Exclusive Interview: Rajamouli |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_rajamouli_2007_3.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928115112/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/stars/interview_rajamouli_2007_3.php |archive-date=28 September 2008 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Telugucinema.com]]}}</ref>

=== 2009–2014: Critical acclaim and recognition ===
Rajamouli's next venture was the fantasy-action film ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009), starring [[Ram Charan]] and [[Kajal Aggarwal]]. Made on a budget of {{INR}}350{{En dash}}440 million (US$7{{En dash}}10 million), it was the most expensive Telugu film at the time.{{efn|Budget estimates of ''Magadheera'' vary. Independent estimates include {{INRConvert|350|m|year=2009}} by ''[[The Times of India]]'',<ref name="toifinal">{{Cite web |date=6 September 2018 |title=Rajamouli's 'Magadheera' rocking in Japan after 'Baahubali' and 'Muthu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rajamoulis-magadheera-rocking-in-japan-after-baahubali-and-muthu/articleshow/65699126.cms |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=The Times of India |ref={{sfnref|The Times of India|2018}} |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707165457/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rajamoulis-magadheera-rocking-in-japan-after-baahubali-and-muthu/articleshow/65699126.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> {{INRConvert|420|m|year=2009}} by ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'',<ref name="Mintbudget">{{Cite web |last=Pulla |first=Priyanka |date=26 May 2010 |title=Tollywood tightens belt as rising costs hit production |url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/B5NkPI1KMtQV1221PLk6YI/Tollywood-tightens-belt-as-rising-costs-hit-production.html |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515200249/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/B5NkPI1KMtQV1221PLk6YI/Tollywood-tightens-belt-as-rising-costs-hit-production.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and {{INRConvert|440|m|year=2009}} by [[News18]].<ref name="News18budget">{{Cite web |date=28 September 2021 |title=Bahubali Director SS Rajamouli Completes 20 Years in Industry: A Look At His Journey |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-completes-20-years-in-industry-a-look-at-his-journey-4257230.html |access-date=5 June 2022 |website=News18 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605184946/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-completes-20-years-in-industry-a-look-at-his-journey-4257230.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|name=MagadheeraBudget}} It was the first Telugu film to list a "visual effects producer" in its credits. ''Magadheera'' became one of the biggest commercial successes in [[Telugu cinema]] and was the highest-grossing Telugu film at the end of its theatrical run.<ref name="The Hindu 2015-06-07">{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Madhumitha |date=7 June 2015 |title='I sell oranges' |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/i-sell-oranges/article7289872.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017101125/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/i-sell-oranges/article7289872.ece |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]] |quote=After Magadheera, which became the highest-grossing Telugu film of all time, .....}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Postmortem – Magadheera by SS Rajamouli |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/magadheera.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106063810/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/magadheera.html |archive-date=6 November 2014 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |quote=And his latest movie Magadheera became industry hit in all areas across India and overseas by breaking previous records by miles.}}</ref> For ''Magadheera'', Rajamouli won the [[Nandi Award for Best Director]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu]]. The film also won the [[National Film Awards|National Award]] for [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]] and [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]] at the [[57th National Film Awards]] and a total of six [[57th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]] and nine [[Nandi Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=57th_National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/57thNFAaward.pdf |access-date=28 April 2012 |archive-date=12 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112113432/http://dff.nic.in/57thNFAaward.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The film's success catapulted both the leads into stardom.

''Magadheera'' was dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Maaveeran'' and into [[Malayalam]] as ''Dheera: The Warrior'' and was released on 27 May 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2011 |title=Tamil Magadheera releases on 27 |publisher=Idlebrain.com |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news291.html |access-date=10 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110042932/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news291.html |archive-date=10 November 2014}}</ref> Both the dubbed versions were successful and earned a good fan base for Ram Charan in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]].<ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{Cite web |date=4 September 2018 |title=Ram Charan's 'Magadheera' a hit in Japan |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ram-charans-magadheera-hit-japan-87794 |access-date=28 May 2021 |website=The News Minute |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721092858/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ram-charans-magadheera-hit-japan-87794 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Japanese language|Japanese]]-dubbed version of the film released in August 2018 and became one of the highest-grossing Indian films ever at the Japanese box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2018 |title=Rajamouli's 'Magadheera' rocking in Japan after 'Baahubali' and 'Muthu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rajamoulis-magadheera-rocking-in-japan-after-baahubali-and-muthu/articleshow/65699126.cms |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708235619/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rajamoulis-magadheera-rocking-in-japan-after-baahubali-and-muthu/articleshow/65699126.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thenewsminute.com" />

In 2010 he directed the action comedy film ''[[Maryada Ramanna]]'' starring [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Saloni Aswani|Saloni]]. Rajamouli watched the 1923 silent comedy film ''[[Our Hospitality]]'' and liked it immensely. He wanted to re-tell the same story in his own way. He tried to contact the original creators but found out that the original writers of the film were long dead and that the film's [[copyright]] had expired as it had been over [[List of countries' copyright lengths|75 years]] since the film's release. His cousin S. S. Kanchi and him then adapted that story with a [[Rayalaseema]] backdrop focusing on the factional violence and hospitality that co-existed in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2010 |title=Maryada Ramanna press meet – Telugu cinema |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-maryadaramanna.html |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=Idlebrain.com |quote=SS Rajamouli said, “Rayalaseema is known for factionism and violence. But is also known for hospitality. Maryada Ramanna is about a man who is torn with his two extremities of factionism and hospitality." |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823060949/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-maryadaramanna.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Makkhi' director all set to break into Bollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/makkhi-director-all-set-to-break-into-bollywood/articleshow/16819525.cms |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=In one area of Andhra Pradesh family feuds that persist for many generations is a reality. That’s what I showed in Maryada Ramanna. I saw families that were perfectly cultured and courteous, killing each other. I don’t think this peculiar contradictory culture of the co-existence of violence and hospitality exists in Punjab. |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823060948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/makkhi-director-all-set-to-break-into-bollywood/articleshow/16819525.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Regarding his decision to make a small film like ''Maryada Ramanna'' he remarked, "I decided that my next project would be ''Maryada Ramanna'' during ''Magadheera'' shooting itself because ''Magadheera'' is a one and half year project that demands lot of physical labour and mental strain. I didn't want to commit another physically exhausting film immediately after ''Magadheera''."<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2010">{{Cite web |date=20 July 2010 |title=SS Rajamouli about Maryada Ramanna – Telugu Cinema interview |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli-maryadaramanna.html |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |archive-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114105429/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli-maryadaramanna.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Maryada Ramanna'' opened to favourable reviews from critics. It became one of the highest grossing Telugu films of 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2021 |title=Bahubali Director SS Rajamouli Completes 20 Years in Industry: A Look At His Journey |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-completes-20-years-in-industry-a-look-at-his-journey-4257230.html |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605184946/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-completes-20-years-in-industry-a-look-at-his-journey-4257230.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=భళి భళి భళిరా భళి రాజమౌళి |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-ssrajamouli-473713 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Sakshi |language=te |archive-date=23 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823002513/http://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-ssrajamouli-473713 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sify">{{Cite web |title=Top Ten Telugu Films of the year 2010 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/top-ten-telugu-films-of-the-year-imagegallery-2-tollywood-kmvrrBcdbgbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615072302/https://www.sify.com/movies/top-ten-telugu-films-of-the-year-imagegallery-2-tollywood-kmvrrBcdbgbsi.html |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=[[Sify]] |quote=Top director Rajamouli's Maryada Ramanna starring Sunil and Saloni collected about Rs 30 Crores.}}</ref> It received four [[Nandi Awards]], including [[Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film|Best Popular Feature Film]]. ''Maryada Ramanna'' was remade in Hindi as ''[[Son of Sardaar]]'' and into other languages like Kannada, Bengali, Tamil, and Malayalam.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2010" /><ref>[http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/singh-song/ Singh song | Rajeev Masand – movies that matter : from bollywood, hollywood and everywhere else] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312140353/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/singh-song/ |date=12 March 2013 }}. Rajeevmasand.com (13 November 2012). Retrieved on 21 October 2015.</ref> In 2012 Rajamouli stated in an interview with Maa TV that ''Maryada Ramanna'' was his personal favourite among all the films he had directed.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ1QwYfkYYs |title=Mee Star : S.S.Rajamouli Part 2 |date=30 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730123031/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZ1QwYfkYYs&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=30 July 2012 |url-status=dead |work=YouTube}}</ref>
[[File:Sudeep and Nani on the sets of Eega.jpg|thumb|Sudeep, Nani, and Rajamouli on the sets of Eega]]

His next project was the [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[action film]] ''[[Eega]]'' (2012). The film was produced by [[Sai Korrapati]]{{'s}} [[Vaaraahi Chalana Chitram]] with an estimated budget of {{INR|link=yes}}300–400 million (US$6–7 million). It was simultaneously filmed in [[Tamil language]] with the title ''Naan Ee'' ({{translation|''I, the Fly''}}). The film stars [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]], and [[Sudeepa|Sudeep]]. The idea of ''Eega'' originated in the mid-1990s in Vijayendra Prasad's mind. At that time, he was joking about a housefly seeking revenge on a human in a conversation with his son Rajamouli.<ref name="SSR int TOI2">{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |date=29 July 2012 |title=Audience likes out-of-the-box subjects: S S Rajamouli |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Audience-likes-out-of-the-box-subjects-S-S-Rajamouli/articleshow/14467554.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406164406/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Audience-likes-out-of-the-box-subjects-S-S-Rajamouli/articleshow/14467554.cms |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=6 April 2016 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> After completing ''Maryada Ramanna'', Rajamouli reconsidered the concept after thinking of directing a film that was distinct from any other.<ref name="SSR int IBN2">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2012 |title=I would have shelved 'Eega': SS Rajamouli |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/i-would-have-shelved-eega-ss-rajamouli-486179.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508063900/http://www.news18.com/news/india/i-would-have-shelved-eega-ss-rajamouli-486179.html |archive-date=8 May 2016 |access-date=6 April 2016 |publisher=[[News18]]}}</ref> He explained it thus:<blockquote>When I started making films, I stuck to formula films for a while which did well at the box office. After a while, I was getting too comfortable with what I was doing, so I wanted to experiment with something completely different. I wanted to take the audience by surprise and that is when I went back to the story I had heard 16 years ago.<ref name="Sinha">{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Sayoni |date=8 October 2012 |title='Makkhi was born 16 years ago' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/24fps/makkhi-born-16-years-ago-095544425.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823084845/https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/24fps/makkhi-born-16-years-ago-095544425.html |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref></blockquote>Upon release, the film received widespread critical acclaim including for Rajamouli's direction. It became one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of all time. The Tamil version ''Naan Ee'' and Malayalam version ''Eecha'' were also big hits at the box office.<ref name="Sify 85 million TN">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2012 |title=Naan Ee-The highest collecting bi-lingual in Tamil! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-ee-the-highest-collecting-bi-lingual-in-tamil-news-tamil-mjmqsBaaiffsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402140619/http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-ee-the-highest-collecting-bi-lingual-in-tamil-news-tamil-mjmqsBaaiffsi.html |archive-date=2 April 2016 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The Hindi dubbed version ''Makkhi'' underperformed at the box office which Rajamouli attributed to a poor promotional strategy. But the satellite rights of ''Makkhi'' were sold at a price of {{INRConvert|80|m|year=2012}} to Star Gold, by far the highest price ever paid for the Hindi dub of a Telugu film at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Ram Charan's Nayak sets new record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charans-nayak-sets-new-record/articleshow/17794928.cms |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |quote=Although Makkhi (Eega in Telugu) was traded for Rs 8 crore, it can be treated as a straight film because of the theatrical release of the Hindi version. |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828153114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ram-charans-nayak-sets-new-record/articleshow/17794928.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Eega'' was screened at various international film festivals including the [[2013 Cannes Film Festival]].{{Efn|name=EegaFF}} The Telugu version won nine awards, including Most Original Film at the [[Toronto After Dark Film Festival#2013|8th annual Toronto After Dark Film Festival]].<ref name="EA 8th A E T A D FF TOI2">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2013 |title=Rajamouli's Eega continues to win awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Rajamoulis-Eega-continues-to-win-awards/articleshow/25166198.cms |access-date=4 November 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205033719/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Rajamoulis-Eega-continues-to-win-awards/articleshow/25166198.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Eega'' won two [[National Film Awards]] ([[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]] and [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]) and five [[Filmfare Awards South|South Filmfare Awards]] including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Telugu Film]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Telugu Director]]. Speaking at an event, filmmaker [[Shekhar Kapur]] said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story, and cited ''Eega'' as an example. Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology, and called it "no less than a Hollywood superhero film".<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2012 |title=Film Market in India Is Contracting: Shekhar Kapur |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404121926/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-film-market-in-india-is-contracting-shekhar-kapur-1758049 |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}</ref> ''Eega'' was listed among "The 25 Best Foreign Films of the Decade" by [[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayman |first=Adam |date=31 December 2019 |title=The 25 Best Foreign Films of the Decade |url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2019/12/31/21042809/best-foreign-films-of-the-decade-2010s-parasite-burning-toni-erdmann |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Ringer |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707184724/https://www.theringer.com/movies/2019/12/31/21042809/best-foreign-films-of-the-decade-2010s-parasite-burning-toni-erdmann |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2015–present'':'' Pan-India and international acclaim ===
[[File:Working Stills Bahubali With Rajamouli.jpg|thumb|Rajamouli and [[Sabu Cyril]] on the set of ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning|Bahubali the Beginning]]''|left]]In 2015, he directed the [[Epic film|epic]] action film ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]'' starring [[Prabhas]], [[Rana Daggubati]], [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Ramya Krishna]], [[Sathyaraj]], and [[Tamannaah|Tamanna]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=India's most expensive film? |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/India-s-most-expensive-film/Article1-1092293.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718080148/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Regional/India-s-most-expensive-film/Article1-1092293.aspx |archive-date=18 July 2013 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajamouli's Bahubali is India's costliest film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rajamoulis-bahubali-is-indias-costliest-film/articleshow/21051759.cms |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827205006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rajamoulis-bahubali-is-indias-costliest-film/articleshow/21051759.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot using [[Arri Alexa|Arri Alexa XT camera]], marking Rajamouli's first film shot using a digital camera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2014 |title=Rajamouli goes digital for Bahubali |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rajamouli-goes-digital-for-Bahubali/articleshow/20784393.cms |access-date=19 July 2014 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=6 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706205825/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Rajamouli-goes-digital-for-Bahubali/articleshow/20784393.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Release Date2">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2014 |title='Baahubali' movie release date |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/baahubali-movie-release-date-telugu-news-109082 |access-date=23 June 2014 |website=IndiaGlitz |archive-date=22 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622054507/http://www.indiaglitz.com/baahubali-movie-release-date-telugu-news-109082 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajamouli's work was lauded by ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Huffington Post]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsering |first=Lisa |date=13 July 2015 |title='Bahubali': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/baahubali-film-review-808168 |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-date=4 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804141923/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/baahubali-film-review-808168 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCahill |first=Mike |date=12 July 2015 |title=Baahubali: The Beginning review – fantastic bang for your buck in most expensive Indian movie ever made |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/12/baahubali-the-beginning-review-fantastic-bang-for-your-buck-in-most-expensive-indian-movie-ever-made |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814113625/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jul/12/baahubali-the-beginning-review-fantastic-bang-for-your-buck-in-most-expensive-indian-movie-ever-made |url-status=live}}</ref> It became the second [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Worldwide gross collection|highest grossing Indian film of all time]], and the highest grossing Indian film of all time within India.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=S. |first1=Vidya |last2=Lidhoo |first2=Prerna |date=22 July 2022 |title=How Movies From the South Conquered Bollywood |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |quote=Released in 2015, Baahubali: The Beginning set the pace with an impressive lifetime gross of 500 crore in India to become the country’s highest-grossing movie at the time. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163253/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cain, Rob |date=14 August 2015 |title=Oops... 'PK' Is Not Actually India's Top-Grossing Movie Ever |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/08/14/oops-pk-is-not-actually-indias-top-grossing-movie-ever/ |website=Forbes |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=14 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814102459/http://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/08/14/oops-pk-is-not-actually-indias-top-grossing-movie-ever/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cain |first=Rob |title='Baahubali' Zooms Past 'Dhoom', Now India's All Time #3 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/08/10/baahubali-zooms-past-dhoom-now-indias-all-time-3/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801131501/https://www.forbes.com/sites/robcain/2015/08/10/baahubali-zooms-past-dhoom-now-indias-all-time-3/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Its Hindi dubbed version also broke several records. It was the first dubbed film to collect over {{INRConvert|1|b|year=2015}} nett at the Hindi box office and became the highest-grossing dubbed film in Hindi of all time. It was screened at various international film festivals including the [[2016 Cannes Film Festival]].{{Efn|name=BBFF}} The making of the film was featured in [[BBC]]'s documentary on 100 Years of Indian cinema, directed by [[Sanjeev Bhaskar]].<ref name="Baahubali 100 cr2">{{Cite web |date=14 October 2012 |title=Rajamouli-Prabhas new movie budget |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Rajamouli-Prabhas-new-movie-budget/articleshow/16809330.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503184039/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-14/news-interviews/34447942_1_rajamouli-prabhas-movie |archive-date=3 May 2013 |access-date=23 February 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2014 |title=Baahubali's team gets a rare honour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Baahubalis-team-gets-a-rare-honour/articleshow/35440219.cms |access-date=19 July 2014 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=25 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525065002/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/Baahubalis-team-gets-a-rare-honour/articleshow/35440219.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2014 |title=Rajamouli's Bahubali finds place in BBC's documentary |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-05-22/Rajamoulis-Bahubali-finds-place-in-BBCs-documentary-96003 |access-date=19 July 2014 |publisher=The Hans India |archive-date=18 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718050309/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-05-22/Rajamoulis-Bahubali-finds-place-in-BBCs-documentary-96003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Baahubali: The Beginning'' received [[List of accolades received by Baahubali: The Beginning|several awards]]. It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] and became the first Telugu film to win the award. It also won the [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|National Award for Best Special Effects]]. At the [[63rd Filmfare Awards South]], the Telugu version won five awards from ten nominations, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]] award for Rajamouli. It became the first Indian film to be nominated for [[Saturn Awards]], receiving five nominations at the [[42nd Saturn Awards|42nd ceremony]], including [[Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film|Best Fantasy Film]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='Baahubali: The Beginning' Review: A Giddy Spectacle, If Somewhat Uneven |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/suprateek-chatterjee/baahubali-the-beginning-r_b_7767206.html |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=The Huffington Post |date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801165516/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/suprateek-chatterjee/baahubali-the-beginning-r_b_7767206.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, Rajamouli was named as the [[CNN-News18 Indian of the Year]] in Entertainment.<ref name="Winner of Indian of the Year 2015 in the Entertainment category-2016">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2016 |title=Winner of Indian of the Year 2015 in the Entertainment category: SS Rajamouli |work=News18 |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/winner-of-indian-of-the-year-2015-in-the-entertainment-category-ss-rajamouli-1254206.html |access-date=9 July 2017 |archive-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812161523/http://www.news18.com/news/india/winner-of-indian-of-the-year-2015-in-the-entertainment-category-ss-rajamouli-1254206.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, he was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian honour for his contributions towards the field of Art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baahubali director SS Rajamouli to receive Padma Shri Award |date=25 January 2016 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-to-receive-padma-shri-award-305458-2016-01-25 |access-date=25 January 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011047/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-to-receive-padma-shri-award-305458-2016-01-25 |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Baahubali_cast.jpg|thumb|[[Anushka Shetty]], [[Tamannaah]], Rajamouli, [[Karan Johar]], [[Prabhas]], [[Rana Daggubati]] at the trailer launch of the Hindi version of ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'']]His next project was ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]'' (2017), which served as both a [[sequel]] and a [[prequel]] to ''Baahubali: The Beginning''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=28 April 2018 |title=One year since the release of Prabhas, Rana Daggubati, Anushka Shetty and Tamannaah starrer 'Baahubali 2': 8 lesser known facts about the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/one-year-since-the-release-of-prabhas-rana-daggubati-anushka-shetty-and-tamannaah-starrer-baahubali-2-8-lesser-known-facts-about-the-film/articleshow/63949285.cms |access-date=20 September 2020 |publisher=Times News Network |via=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=19 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319051342/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know/one-year-since-the-release-of-prabhas-rana-daggubati-anushka-shetty-and-tamannaah-starrer-baahubali-2-8-lesser-known-facts-about-the-film/articleshow/63949285.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was premiered at the British Film Institute.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=12 August 2017 |title=Dangal and Baahubali won Telestra People's choice award in IFFM Melbourne |url=https://www.newsfolo.com/entertainment/dangal-baahubali-won-telestra-peoples-choice-award-iffm-melbourne/23819/ |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621115830/https://www.newsfolo.com/entertainment/dangal-baahubali-won-telestra-peoples-choice-award-iffm-melbourne/23819/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=Baahubali 2 premiere: Queen Elizabeth II will watch it before anybody else in India? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/baahubali-2-premiere-queen-elizabeth-ii-will-watch-it-before-anybody-else-in-india-4548315/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012203809/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/baahubali-2-premiere-queen-elizabeth-ii-will-watch-it-before-anybody-else-in-india-4548315/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It was made on an estimated budget of {{INRConvert|2.5|b|year=2017}} and was the [[List of most expensive Indian films#Historical timeline|most expensive Indian film]] ever made at the time. ''Baahubali 2'' was released on 28 April 2017 and later dubbed into [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. Released in conventional 2D and IMAX formats, ''Baahubali 2'' was the first Telugu film to also release in 4K High Definition format.

Grossing {{INRConvert|18.1|b|year=2017}} worldwide, the film surpassed ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' (2014) to briefly become the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest grossing Indian film of all time]], collecting approximately {{INRConvert|8|b|year=2017|mode=historical}} worldwide within just six days of its release. It became the first-ever Indian film to gross over [[1000 Crore Club|{{INR|10 billion}}]], doing so in just ten days. Within India, it set many film records, becoming the highest-grossing film in Hindi, as well as in its original Telugu language. It stands as the [[List of highest-grossing films in India|highest-grossing film in India]],<ref name="2.0second">{{Cite web |title=Top All Time India Grossers All Formats – 2.0 Second |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4535 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301063740/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4535 |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|second highest-grossing Indian film worldwide]] and the [[2017 in film|39th highest-grossing film of 2017]]. The film sold over 100 million tickets during its box office run, the highest estimated admissions for any film in India since ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975).<ref name=":422">{{Cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Bahubali 2 Is The Biggest Hindi Blockbuster This Century |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824133203/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988 |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref><ref name=":532"/> ''Baahubali 2'' released to positive reviews from critics. It won the [[Saturn Award for Best International Film]] and three [[National Film Awards]]: [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]], [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]] and Best Stunt Choreographer.

The exceptional success of ''Baahubali'' films across different Indian languages, regions, and states kickstarted what has been termed the [[pan-Indian film]]s movement where a film is simultaneously released in multiple Indian languages and is made to appeal to audiences across the country, cutting across the linguistic and cultural barriers.<ref name="Bamzai-2022">{{Cite web |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=1 April 2022 |title=Cinema's Biggest Mythmaker |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/ss-rajamouli-cinemas-biggest-mythmaker/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626102823/https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/ss-rajamouli-cinemas-biggest-mythmaker/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]] |language=en |quote=He is perhaps singlehandedly responsible for the rise of the pan-Indian film.}}</ref><ref name="Srinivasan-2022">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=30 March 2022 |title=Inside the mind of SS Rajamouli: Decoding how the RRR director lends scale to his storytelling |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144603/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |archive-date=18 August 2022 |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |quote=Producer G Dhananjayan says, “Rajamouli has redefined the reach of regional cinema consistently through his films, starting with Eega [2012] to the Baahubali series, and now with RRR. The entire concept of pan-Indian films came from him when he succeeded with Eega across many Indian languages. This opened up this concept. Thanks to his vision, today, a lot of films are able to be made on a bigger budget targeted at a pan-Indian audience. Rajamouli stands tall among all Indian filmmakers for his vision, innovation, and expansion of the regional language market at a global level.”}}</ref> Several filmmakers and film analysts have credited Rajamouli for almost single-handedly expanding the reach and market of [[Cinema of South India|South Indian cinema]] to Northern India and beyond.<ref name="Bamzai-2022" /><ref name="Jain-2022">{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Gautam |date=25 March 2022 |title=The original Pan India filmmaker |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-original-pan-india-filmmaker.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523195352/https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-original-pan-india-filmmaker.html |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Ormax Media |language=en |quote=Before the release of Bahubali: The Beginning (2015), the term ‘Pan India film’ did not exist in film media or audience lingo.}}</ref><ref name="S.-2022" />
[[File:SS Rajamouli, Ram Charan, Alia Bhatt, N.T.Rama Rao Jr. At The RRR Press Meet in Chennai.jpg|thumb|<bdi>Rajamouli, Ram Charan, Alia Bhatt, NTR Jr., and DVV Danayya at the RRR Press Meet in Chennai</bdi>|left|207x207px]]
Rajamouli's subsequent film [[RRR (film)|''RRR'']] (2022) is an epic action drama based on the lives of Indian revolutionaries, [[Alluri Sitarama Raju]] and [[Komaram Bheem]]. Made on a estimated budget of {{INRConvert|5.5|b|year=2022}},<ref name="Singh-2021">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Suhani |date=17 December 2021 |title=S.S. Rajamouli: The return of the king |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cinema/story/20211227-s-s-rajamouli-the-return-of-the-king-1888561-2021-12-17 |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701185022/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cinema/story/20211227-s-s-rajamouli-the-return-of-the-king-1888561-2021-12-17 |url-status=live}}</ref> it is the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Indian film]] ever made. The film stars [[NTR Jr]], [[Ram Charan]], [[Ajay Devgn]], and [[Alia Bhatt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=14 March 2019 |title=RRR: Story, budget, full cast and all you need to know about SS Rajamouli film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rrr-budget-to-new-cast-members-here-s-everything-about-ss-rajamouli-s-period-film-1478009-2019-03-14 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=3 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603040827/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rrr-budget-to-new-cast-members-here-s-everything-about-ss-rajamouli-s-period-film-1478009-2019-03-14 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''RRR'' opened to positive reviews from critics with praise for the performances, particularly Rama Rao and Charan, and screenplay by Rajamouli.

With {{INRConvert|2.4|b|year=2022|mode=historical}} worldwide on its first day, ''RRR'' broke the record for the highest opening-day collection earned by an Indian film. ''RRR'' emerged as the highest-grossing film in its home market of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], grossing over {{INRConvert|4|b|year=2022|mode=historical}} and surpassing Rajamouli's previous film [[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|''Baahubali 2'']]. The film grossed {{INRConvert|12|b|year=2022|mode=historical}} worldwide, setting several box office records for an Indian film, including the [[List of highest-grossing films in India|second-highest-grossing film in India]] and the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|third-highest-grossing Indian film]]. ''RRR'' is nominated in three categories at the [[47th Saturn Awards]] including a [[Saturn Award for Best Director|Best Director]] nomination for Rajamouli. It was also nominated in [[Saturn Award for Best Action or Adventure Film|Best Action / Adventure Film]] and [[Saturn Award for Best International Film|Best International Film]] categories.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinoco |first=Armando |date=12 August 2022 |title=Saturn Awards Nominations: 'The Batman', 'Nightmare Alley', 'Spider-Man', 'Better Call Saul' Top List |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/saturn-awards-2022-nominations-list-movies-tv-1235089636/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812153738/https://deadline.com/2022/08/saturn-awards-2022-nominations-list-movies-tv-1235089636/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Gaurang |date=13 August 2022 |title=Saturn Awards Nominations: It's 'RRR' Vs 'Fast & Furious 9', 'Top Gun 2' & 'No Time To Die' |url=https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/hollywood/114522-ss-rajamouli-rrr-multiple-saturn-awards-nominations-fast-furious-9-top-gun-maverick-no-time-to-die.html |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=[[MensXP]] |language=en-IN |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162209/https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/hollywood/114522-ss-rajamouli-rrr-multiple-saturn-awards-nominations-fast-furious-9-top-gun-maverick-no-time-to-die.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajamouli won the [[New York Film Critics Circle|New York Film Critics Circle Award]] for [[New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director|Best Director]] for the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Clayton |date=2022-12-02 |title='Tár' Leads New York Film Critics Circle, 'RRR' and Keke Palmer Surprise (Full Winners List) |url=https://variety.com/2022/awards/awards/new-york-film-critics-circle-winners-list-full-list-2022-1235447464/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The film also won two [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Critics' Choice Movie Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Sweta |title=SS Rajamouli's 'RRR' Bags Two Critics' Choice Awards |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/swetakaushal/2023/01/16/ss-rajamoulis-rrr-bags-critics-choice-award/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2022, the director signed with the American talent agency [[Creative Artists Agency]] (CAA) in a move that has been described as a "coup for the agency".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=2022-09-22 |title='RRR' Director SS Rajamouli Signs With CAA In Coup For Agency; Next Film With Mahesh Babu To Start In The Spring |url=https://deadline.com/2022/09/rrr-ss-rajamouli-mahesh-babu-next-film-caa-signs-1235124664/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922222744/https://deadline.com/2022/09/rrr-ss-rajamouli-mahesh-babu-next-film-caa-signs-1235124664/ |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Upcoming projects ===

In January 2025, Rajamouli began production of ''[[Varanasi_(2027_film)|Varanasi]]'' with actor [[Mahesh Babu]] in their maiden collaboration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Mohar |date=2025-04-19 |title=SSMB29: Mahesh Babu, Priyanka Chopra, Prithviraj to prep for action sequence |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/ssmb29-mahesh-babu-priyanka-chopra-prithviraj-action-sequence-ss-rajamouli-23522478 |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |language=en}}</ref> The film is touted to be a jungle adventure set in [[Africa]].{{cn|date=October 2025}} While attending the [[2022 Toronto International Film Festival]], Rajamouli revealed more details about the project: "My next film with Mahesh Babu will be a globetrotting action adventure. It's going to be a kind of [[James Bond]] or [[Indiana Jones]] film with Indian roots."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Basudha |date=2022-09-13 |title='Globe trotting action adventure': SS Rajamouli's next big film to star Mahesh Babu |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/story/globe-trotting-action-adventure-ss-rajamoulis-next-big-film-to-star-mahesh-babu-347100-2022-09-13 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913172243/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/story/globe-trotting-action-adventure-ss-rajamoulis-next-big-film-to-star-mahesh-babu-347100-2022-09-13 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-13 |editor-last=Joshi |editor-first=Garima |title=SS Rajamouli announces new film with Mahesh Babu, says, 'It's going to be kind of James Bond or Indiana Jones...' On 15th of November 2025 he revealed that this movie will be named "Varanasi".|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/ss-rajamouli-announces-new-film-with-mahesh-babu-says-it-s-going-to-be-kind-of-james-bond-or-indiana-jones-2509453.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Zee News |language=en |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913172235/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/ss-rajamouli-announces-new-film-with-mahesh-babu-says-it-s-going-to-be-kind-of-james-bond-or-indiana-jones-2509453.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

There were also reports of him planning an animated film rooted in Indian content.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2021 |title=Rajamouli's film with Hollywood studio confirmed |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/rajamoulis-film-with-hollywood-studio-confirmed-telugu-news-287821 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709124845/https://www.indiaglitz.com/rajamoulis-film-with-hollywood-studio-confirmed-telugu-news-287821 |url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2022, he revealed that he was working on a couple of scripts that would be suitable to be made as [[Animation|animation films]].<ref name="Olson-2022">{{Cite web |last1=Olson |first1=Josh |last2=Dante |first2=Joe |date=16 August 2022 |title=RRR Writer/Director S.S. Rajamouli on 'The Movies That Made Me' Podcast |url=https://trailersfromhell.com/podcast/s-s-rajamouli/ |access-date=4 September 2022 |website=[[Trailers from Hell]] |language=en-US |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904171400/https://trailersfromhell.com/podcast/s-s-rajamouli/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli frequently speaks about his intention to make a film based on the Indian epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' in the future.<ref name="Zoom">{{Cite web |title=When S.S. Rajamouli talked about making a film on the epic Mahabharata |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/when-s-s-rajamouli-talked-about-making-a-film-on-the-epic-mahabharata/586492 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom]] |date=3 May 2020 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513031916/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/when-s-s-rajamouli-talked-about-making-a-film-on-the-epic-mahabharata/586492 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Patel-2022">{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Sunil |date=27 May 2022 |title=Rip-Roaring Revolution: S.S. Rajamouli on his Bromantic Epic |url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/rip-roaring-revolution-ss-rajamouli-rrr/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=[[Letterboxd]] |language=en |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703203218/https://letterboxd.com/journal/rip-roaring-revolution-ss-rajamouli-rrr/ |url-status=live}}</ref> He thinks it will be at least a four-part project requiring a time period of six to ten years.<ref>{{Citation |title=S S Rajamouli's upcoming projects "Mahabharata the epic" – TV9 Interview | date=9 January 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbQWH4frqMs |language=en |access-date=8 July 2022 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709124848/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbQWH4frqMs&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=SS Rajamouli about Mahabharata Project {{!}} Interaction at IIT Madras {{!}} 17 October 2015 | date=20 December 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmowCLsvVxw |language=en |access-date=8 July 2022 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709124845/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmowCLsvVxw |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SS Rajamouli at IIT Madras – Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/iitmadras/status/654186520706879488 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Twitter |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709124844/https://twitter.com/iitmadras/status/654186520706879488 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2017 he noted, "I don't want to compromise in making it and the huge project is going to take 10 years perhaps. I am apprehensive as to whether I will be able to execute such a technically-superior project (in the immediate future)." He had also revealed that the film series may not feature established [[movie star]]s. "This is the kind of film that will not work out if I rope in stars. Once the different characters are designed, I would have to hunt for the right artists and mould them accordingly," he said.<ref name="Zoom" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Mahabharata will be my last film: SS Rajamouli {{!}} Open Heart With RK {{!}} ABN Telugu | date=31 May 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mComt7gmD_Y |language=en |access-date=8 July 2022 |archive-date=9 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709124844/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mComt7gmD_Y |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2022 he said, "''Mahabharata'' has been my long, long, long dream project, but it will take a long time for me to step into that ocean. Before I step into ''Mahabharata'' I want to make, maybe, three or four films."<ref name="Mint-2022" /> In May 2023, he said, "If I get to the point of making Mahabharata, it would take me a year just to read the versions of Mahabharata that are available in the country. At present, I can only assume that it would be a 10-part film."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=SS Rajamouli explains how his version of Mahabharata will be a 10-part film: 'That is my dream' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamouli-says-his-version-of-mahabharata-will-be-a-10-part-film-dream-8601389/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709054110/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamouli-says-his-version-of-mahabharata-will-be-a-10-part-film-dream-8601389/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

He also expressed his wish on several occasions to make films on the historical rulers [[Krishnadevaraya|Sri Krishnadevaraya]], [[Rajaraja Narendra]], [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiyas]] and [[Abbakka Chowta|Rani Abbakka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2010 |title=అన్నమయ్య లాంటి చిత్రం చేస్తా! |url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/9CcjL |access-date=28 August 2022 |publisher=[[Eenadu]] |language=te |via=Ghost Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2012 |title=Rajamouli has his eyes on the Vijayanagara Empire |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/rajamouli-has-his-eyes-on-the-vijayanagara-empire/articleshow/21357643.cms |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |language=en |quote=Rajamouli said, “I have a subject in mind. It is an idea evolving for years. The story has the Vijayanagara Empire as its backdrop during Sri Krishnadevaraya's rule." |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828135727/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/rajamouli-has-his-eyes-on-the-vijayanagara-empire/articleshow/21357643.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2012 |title=Film on Warangal still on: SS Rajamouli |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/film-on-warangal-still-on-ss-rajamouli-487544.html |access-date=28 August 2022 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828135726/https://www.news18.com/news/india/film-on-warangal-still-on-ss-rajamouli-487544.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: RRR director SS Rajamouli reveals he has two female oriented stories in mind |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-reveals-two-female-oriented-stories-mind/ |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830043838/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/exclusive-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-reveals-two-female-oriented-stories-mind/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==

{{Quote box
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| quote = My personal opinions, my thoughts, and my lifestyle have nothing to do with my profession. I keep that completely separate. Professionally, I am different. I don't try to rub my thoughts on to my characters, or on to my storytelling.
| source =  — Rajamouli on mythological themes in his films despite him being an [[agnostic]].<ref name="BT">{{Cite web |last1=S. |first1=Vidya |last2=Lidhoo |first2=Prerna |date=22 July 2022 |title=How Movies From the South Conquered Bollywood |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163253/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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Rajamouli married [[Rama Rajamouli|Rama]], [[Sibling-in-law|sister-in-law]] of his cousin [[M. M. Keeravani|Keeravani]] in 2001.<ref name="Atluri-2004-2" /><ref name="The Times of India-4" /> After their marriage, Rama worked as a [[costume designer]] for many of Rajamouli's films. He adopted Karthikeya, Rama's son from her previous marriage. The couple also has an adopted daughter Mayookha.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=11 February 2014 |title=We are Family |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20140211/281998965351797 |access-date=11 May 2021 |via=Pressreader |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511212015/https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20140211/281998965351797 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2020 |title=Baahubali 2: Did you know SS Rajamouli's daughter acted in the film too? |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/baahubali-2-did-you-know-ss-rajamoulis-daughter-acted-in-the-film-too/ |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103173740/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/baahubali-2-did-you-know-ss-rajamoulis-daughter-acted-in-the-film-too/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Karthikeya is married to Pooja Prasad, niece of Telugu actor [[Jagapathi Babu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Baahubali director SS Rajamouli's son Karthikeya to marry Pooja Prasad in Jaipur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-s-son-karthikeya-to-marry-pooja-prasad-in-jaipur-1418924-2018-12-28 |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=7 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507064147/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-s-son-karthikeya-to-marry-pooja-prasad-in-jaipur-1418924-2018-12-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli's cousin, [[M. M. Keeravani]] has worked as the [[music composer]] for all of his films. His other cousins [[Kalyani Malik]] and [[M. M. Srilekha]] are also music composers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Baahubali 2: From SS Rajamouli to his father Vijayendra Prasad, here's why this project is all in the family |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/baahubali-2-from-ss-rajamouli-to-his-father-vijayendra-prasad-heres-why-this-project-is-all-in-the-family/articleshow/58360835.cms |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510013440/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/baahubali-2-from-ss-rajamouli-to-his-father-vijayendra-prasad-heres-why-this-project-is-all-in-the-family/articleshow/58360835.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=24 April 2020 |title=Baahubali musician Keeravani opens up on his dislikes about RRR director SS Rajamouli |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-musician-keeravani-opens-his-dislikes-about-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-818332 |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524234834/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-musician-keeravani-opens-his-dislikes-about-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-818332 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2021 |title=Male ego comes in your way: MM Srilekha |url=https://telanganatoday.com/male-ego-comes-in-your-way-mm-srilekha |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US |archive-date=20 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820062541/https://telanganatoday.com/male-ego-comes-in-your-way-mm-srilekha |url-status=live}}</ref> S. S. Kanchi, a screenwriter and actor known for his role in the [[sitcom]] [[Amrutham (TV series)|''Amrutham'']] is also one of his cousins.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2016 |title=When Rajamouli dreamt of becoming a hero |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-21/When-Rajamouli-dreamt-of-becoming-a-hero/236583 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618130807/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-06-21/When-Rajamouli-dreamt-of-becoming-a-hero/236583 |url-status=live}}</ref> He collaborated with Rajamouli as a [[script doctor]] on many of his films and also acted in four of his films.<ref name="Idlebrain.com-2010" /><ref name="Singh-2021" /> [[Raja Koduri]], an Executive vice-president at [[Intel]] is also a cousin of his.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2017 |title=Baahubali VR: How AMD's ambitious effort for Rajamouli's epic could be a game changer |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/baahubali-vr-how-amds-ambitious-effort-for-rajamoulis-epic-could-be-a-game-changer-3380714.html |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618130807/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/baahubali-vr-how-amds-ambitious-effort-for-rajamoulis-epic-could-be-a-game-changer-3380714.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajamouli considers [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] as his guru and mentor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chatrapati – Post mortem – Telugu cinema – SS Rajamouli |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/chatrapati.html |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]] |archive-date=13 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513052131/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/chatrapati.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=7 November 2006 |title='I am trying to experiment' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/07rajamouli.htm |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=[[Rediff]] |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929111820/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/07rajamouli.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> He called [[Gangaraju Gunnam|Gunnam Gangaraju]] his philosopher and guide who made an impact on his [[worldview]].<ref name="The Times of India-4" /><ref name="atheist2"/>

Rajamouli is nicknamed ''Jakkanna'' after the legendary {{Circa}}12th century sculptor [[Amarashilpi Jakanachari|Jakanachari]] (known in Telugu as Jakkanna) who is credited with building numerous temples during the [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]] reign. The moniker was coined by actor [[Rajeev Kanakala]] during the making of the TV serial [[Santhi Nivasam (TV series)|''Santhi Nivasam'']] ({{Circa}} 2000) directed by Rajamouli and was in reference to his [[Workaholic|work ethic]] and [[Perfectionism (psychology)|perfectionism]] like the famed sculptor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2019 |title=Secret Behind Jakkanna Name For Rajamouli |url=https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/05/14/secret-behind-jakkanna-name-for-rajamouli |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630140017/https://english.sakshi.com/entertainment/2019/05/14/secret-behind-jakkanna-name-for-rajamouli |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Why Director SS Rajamouli Called As Jakkanna {{!}} Actor Rajiv Kanakala Answer {{!}} TV5 News |date=9 August 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9lQGVDyip4 |language=en |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630140519/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9lQGVDyip4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Regarding his religious views, in a March 2022 interview, Rajamouli stated that "I don't believe in God or religion the way it is portrayed now. But if you ask me 'Do you believe in the existence of God?' I'd say 'I don't know'."<ref>{{Citation |title=10 Questions With SS Rajamouli {{!}} Baradwaj Rangan {{!}} RRR |date=24 March 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl_l2vcccYw&t=532s |language=en |access-date=2 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516161019/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl_l2vcccYw&t=532s |url-status=live }}; From 8:52 to 9:55</ref> At [[Beyond Fest]] 2022 in [[Los Angeles]], Rajamouli said that he is not a Hindu in the religious sense, but considering it as [[Dharma]], he is 'very much' a [[Hindus|Hindu]]. "I am a follower of [[Hinduism|Hindu dharma]]", he said.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-cites-difference-between-hindu-dharma-and-religion-says-i-am-not-hindu-2991241/amp |title=RRR director SS Rajamouli cites difference between Hindu dharma and religion |website=DNA INDIA|access-date=30 November 2022|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130130404/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-cites-difference-between-hindu-dharma-and-religion-says-i-am-not-hindu-2991241/amp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/s-s-rajamouli-on-hindu-religion-and-hindu-dharma-if-you-take-the-religion-i-am-also-not-a-hindu/articleshow/94725399.cms |title=S S Rajamouli on Hindu religion and Hindu dharma |website=The Times of India|access-date=30 November 2022|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224083734/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/s-s-rajamouli-on-hindu-religion-and-hindu-dharma-if-you-take-the-religion-i-am-also-not-a-hindu/articleshow/94725399.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-08 |title=SS Rajamouli highlights difference between Hindu religion and Hindu dharma: 'If you take the religion, I am also not a Hindu' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamouli-highlights-difference-between-hindu-religion-and-hindu-dharma-8197490/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020080025/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ss-rajamouli-highlights-difference-between-hindu-religion-and-hindu-dharma-8197490/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-10 |title=SS Rajamouli explains difference between Hindu religion and Hindu dharma |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/ss-rajamouli-explains-difference-between-hindu-religion-and-hindu-dharma-23249668 |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=Mid-day |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021170400/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/ss-rajamouli-explains-difference-between-hindu-religion-and-hindu-dharma-23249668 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmmaking style ==
{{Main|Cinematic style of S. S. Rajamouli}}

Rajamouli's films are typically characterised by their epic grandeur, unbridled [[heroism]] and larger-than-life characters with a fascination for historical and mythological themes from [[Indian texts|ancient Indian texts]]. A self confessed "film freak",<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with SS Raja Mouli by Jeevi |via=Idlebrain.com |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |date=22 September 2005 |quote=I am a film freak since I was a kid. |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103172243/https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajamouli's penchant for filmmaking is best captured by the word "[[emotion]]". He often stated that his films are based on stories driven by human emotions.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=The stronger the emotions, the more people love a movie, says Rajamouli |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-stronger-the-emotions-the-more-people-love-a-movie-says-rajamouli/articleshow/90345475.cms |quote=Over the course of my career I learned that the stronger the emotions or more basic the emotions, the more people tend to like your movie," Rajamouli said. "That's what I have been doing. [...] I realised that if films are based on stories driven by basic human emotions, they will have a wider reach. |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224083726/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etarticleshowajax.cms?ajax=true&galno=4&msid=90343278 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=S. |first1=Vidya |last2=Lidhoo |first2=Prerna |date=22 July 2022 |title=How Movies From the South Conquered Bollywood |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |quote=When I start writing a story, for me, it is the emotion I should be moved by. [...] I might not believe in God, but I connect to the emotion of a devotee and a God. And, I connect to the emotion that drives masses: devotion and submission to a greater self. I understand the power of that emotion, the power of a mass emotion, and I too feel that emotion. I might not believe in God, but I believe in the emotion, and if it moves me, I write it. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163253/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Revenge is a recurring theme in his films.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=S. |first1=Vidya |last2=Lidhoo |first2=Prerna |date=22 July 2022 |title=How Movies From the South Conquered Bollywood |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |quote=Says Rajamouli, an agnostic whose tales are replete with mythological themes of reincarnation and revenge |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163253/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Several of Rajamouli's films feature [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]] episodes where the protagonist's backstory is revealed, typically in the second half of the film. This narrative style is used in ''Simhadri'', ''Vikramarkudu'', ''Magadheera'', ''Baahubali: The Beginning'', and ''RRR.<ref name=":82" />''

{{Quote box
| width = 30%
| bgcolor = Cornsilk
| align = right
| quote = I’m very loyal to my action sequences. I just won’t put them in for the sake of it. I believe that human endurance and physical capabilities are unimaginable when they are emotionally charged. There are things that real people have achieved that we can’t imagine, but they happen once in a lifetime … The only thing is they happen quite a number of times in my films.
| source =  — Rajamouli on action sequences in his films.<ref name="nationalnews">{{Cite web |last=Kokra |first=Sonali |date=2022-04-12 |title='RRR' director SS Rajamouli on being a 'rollercoaster entertainer' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/2022/04/12/rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-on-being-a-rollercoaster-entertainer/ |access-date=2022-08-30 |website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830080822/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/2022/04/12/rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-on-being-a-rollercoaster-entertainer/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

Describing his films as “big-scale action movies driven by hard-core emotion”,<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Shanmugam |first=Kavitha |date=9 April 2022 |title=I make big-scale movies driven by emotions: Rajamouli |url=https://thefederal.com/cii-dakshin-event/i-make-big-scale-movies-driven-by-emotions-rajamouli/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=The Federal |quote=“When humans are under the grip of emotion, they tend to behave in a superhuman way and are pushed to do anything and that is what I tap,” he said, describing his films as being “big scale action movies driven by hard-core emotion”. |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824130532/https://thefederal.com/cii-dakshin-event/i-make-big-scale-movies-driven-by-emotions-rajamouli/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rajamouli considers himself to be a magnifying glass that enhances the various emotions of the characters on screen, and sees the presence of violent action as an integral factor that engages the viewer with on screen proceedings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhopatkar |first=Tejashree |date=30 December 2021 |title=SS Rajamouli: My family members are ruthless critics; they show no mercy in ripping apart my films if they don't like anything |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ss-rajamouli-my-family-members-are-ruthless-critics-they-show-no-mercy-in-ripping-apart-my-films-if-they-dont-like-anything/articleshow/88572528.cms |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |quote=Yes, violence is part of my storytelling but not in a negative way. Each and everything, whether it is violence, softness, or any kind of emotion, I like to call myself a magnifying glass. I like to enhance my emotions. And I feel the same kind of emotion will enhance much more if you have action, if it has something just running around, It will just explode. It gives a larger-than-life effect. So that is my way of storytelling. That is how I like to see films, that is how I like to make films. |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827062904/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ss-rajamouli-my-family-members-are-ruthless-critics-they-show-no-mercy-in-ripping-apart-my-films-if-they-dont-like-anything/articleshow/88572528.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Gautam |date=25 March 2022 |title=The original Pan India filmmaker |url=https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-original-pan-india-filmmaker.html |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Ormax Media |quote=Instead of relying on action to only drive an adrenaline rush, SS Rajamouli uses action to drive various emotions. This leads to higher engagement with the proceedings on screen during action set-pieces. |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523195352/https://www.ormaxmedia.com/insights/stories/the-original-pan-india-filmmaker.html |url-status=live }}</ref> "For me, the character being emotionally charged up at that moment to go into that action sequence is very, very important," said Rajamouli about action sequences in his films.<ref name=":223" />

Rajamouli's films typically, are [[visual effects]]-heavy and he is one of the pioneering filmmakers in India in integrating [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) with [[live action]]. He mentions his preference for [[practical effect]]s over CGI and likes to capture as much footage as possible [[In-camera effect|in-camera]].<ref name=":223" /> Rajamouli's craft in CGI has improved with time. The CGI in the underwater shark-fighting sequence in ''Chatrapathi'' was considered ambitious, but choppy. The CGI sequences in ''Magadheera'', ''Eega'', ''Baahubali'', and ''RRR'' are more polished with each film improving upon the previous one.<ref name=":0" />

While scaling up his work with "larger-than-life" themes over the years, Rajamouli maintained his signature style of filmmaking that allows audiences to simmer in the thrills and emotions of the story with less dialogue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kokra |first=Sonali |date=12 April 2022 |title='RRR' director SS Rajamouli on being a 'rollercoaster entertainer' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/2022/04/12/rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-on-being-a-rollercoaster-entertainer/ |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |language=en |quote=I generally like larger-than-life, pushing-the-boundaries sort of canvases [...] I believe entertainment to be a very serious business. It takes a lot for the audience to spend their hard-earned money and effort to come watch our films. They don’t come to my movies for a history lesson, they come for thrill and emotional thrust. That’s what I try to deliver. [...] I try to tell my story through visuals. [...] I try to put in as little dialogue as possible |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830080822/https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/film/2022/04/12/rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-on-being-a-rollercoaster-entertainer/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ssr">{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=30 March 2022 |title=Inside the mind of SS Rajamouli: Decoding how the RRR director lends scale to his storytelling |work=Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |access-date=20 July 2022 |quote=Rajamouli had said at an event, “A pan Indian film does not mean that actors from different languages come together. A pan Indian film means a story that connects to everyone irrespective of the language. While creating a story, I think 'If I switch off this dialogue portion, will the audience still connect to my movie?' Many times, the answer is a yes.” |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144603/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |url-status=live}}</ref> All his films end with a print of his trademark circular stamp stating: "an S. S. Rajamouli film".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manohar |first=Niveda |date=9 July 2015 |title=Before Watching Baahubali: 7 Rajamouli Quirks |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/telugu/features/before-watching-baahubali-7-rajamouli-quirks/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103134750/https://silverscreenindia.com/telugu/features/before-watching-baahubali-7-rajamouli-quirks/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Silverscreen India |quote=SS Rajamouli is a brand in Tollywood. Literally. He’s even got a stamp for himself. No Rajamouli film is complete without this}}</ref>

Film critic [[Baradwaj Rangan]] opined that Rajamouli is a "great storyteller" who takes up common concepts and develops them in a novel acceptable way.<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |last=Madhavan |first=N |date=16 December 2015 |title=SS Rajamouli: Tollywood's hit machine |work=Forbes India |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/2015-celebrity-100/ss-rajamouli-tollywoods-hit-machine/41729/1 |quote=“Rajamouli is a great storyteller. He knows people expect something new with every film. He takes up familiar concepts and develops them in an unfamiliar and acceptable way,” says Baradwaj Rangan |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213150510/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/2015-celebrity-100/ss-rajamouli-tollywoods-hit-machine/41729/1 |url-status=live}}</ref> Production designer [[Sabu Cyril]], a four-time National Award winner for Best Art Direction and who worked for the ''[[Baahubali (franchise)|Baahubali]]'' duology, said his team came up with as many as 25,000 sketches to design the various grand sets for the film in order to satisfy the rigorous visualisation standards of Rajamouli, which were grand and at the same time gone into very minute details ensuring that every pillar and wall had the right design. Cyril said, "Rajamouli makes no compromises."<ref>{{cite news |last=Madhavan |first=N |date=16 December 2015 |title=SS Rajamouli: Tollywood's hit machine |work=Forbes India |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/2015-celebrity-100/ss-rajamouli-tollywoods-hit-machine/41729/1 |quote=“His visualisation is grand and, at the same time, goes into very minute details,” says Sabu Cyril, [...] “He ensured that every pillar and wall had the right design. He makes no compromises,” Cyril adds. |access-date=13 December 2022 |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213150510/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/2015-celebrity-100/ss-rajamouli-tollywoods-hit-machine/41729/1 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, Rajamouli participated in the British magazine ''[[Sight & Sound]]'' film polls of the year 2022. Held once every ten years, the magazine asks popular contemporary writers and directors to name their ten personal favourite films.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stolworthy |first1=Jacob |title=Sight and Sound's Greatest Films of All Time poll: The 2022 results are in – and there's a new winner |work=[[The Independent]] |via=Yahoo |url=https://news.yahoo.com/sight-sound-greatest-films-time-080022905.html |date=2 December 2022|access-date=3 January 2023|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103074518/https://news.yahoo.com/sight-sound-greatest-films-time-080022905.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Rajamouli listed the following ten films in order: ''[[Forrest Gump]]'' (1994); ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957); ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (1981); ''[[Kung Fu Panda (film)|Kung Fu Panda]]'' (2008); ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' (1992); ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995); ''[[Apocalypto]]'' (2007); ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959); ''[[Django Unchained]]'' (2012) and ''[[The Lion King (1994 film)|The Lion King]]'' (1994).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shutt |first=Mike |date=2023-02-18 |title=How Braveheart Inspired A Pivotal Song In RRR |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1204132/how-braveheart-inspired-a-pivotal-song-in-rrr/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=[[/Film]] |language=en-US |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226134602/https://www.slashfilm.com/1204132/how-braveheart-inspired-a-pivotal-song-in-rrr/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|S. S. Rajamouli filmography}}

{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Directed features
!Year
!Title
|-
|2001
|''[[Student No. 1]]''
|-
|2003
|''[[Simhadri (2003 film)|Simhadri]]''
|-
|2004
|''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]''
|-
|2005
|''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]''
|-
|2006
|''[[Vikramarkudu]]''
|-
|2007
|''[[Yamadonga]]''
|-
|2009
|''[[Magadheera]]''
|-
|2010
|''[[Maryada Ramanna]]''
|-
|2012
|''[[Eega]]''
|-
|2015
|''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''
|-
|2017
|''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''
|-
|2022
|''[[RRR]]''
|-
|2027
|{{Pending film|[[Varanasi (film)|Varanasi]]}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ S. S. Rajamouli box office performance statistics
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Budget ({{estimation}})
! scope="col" colspan="2" |Box-office ({{estimation}})
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{refh}}
|-
!
!
!
!Worldwide Share{{efn|Box-office figures are reported in the form of either gross receipts or distributor share (distributor rentals). For older films, only the box-office share figures are available. The distributor share of a film is the box-office gross less the exhibitor's cut and taxes. For more details, see [[Box office#Distributor rentals|Distributor rentals]].|name="DistributorShare"}}
!Worldwide Gross
!
|-
|2001
|''Student No. 1''
|{{INRConvert|18|m|year=2001|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|120|m|year=2001|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|220|m|year=2001|mode=historical}}
|<ref name=":0222">{{Cite web |date=28 September 2021 |title=Bahubali Director SS Rajamouli Completes 20 Years in Industry: A Look At His Journey |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-completes-20-years-in-industry-a-look-at-his-journey-4257230.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605184946/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bahubali-director-ss-rajamouli-completes-20-years-in-industry-a-look-at-his-journey-4257230.html |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=Chatrapati – Post mortem – Telugu cinema – SS Rajamouli |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/chatrapati.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513052131/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/postmortem/chatrapati.html |archive-date=13 May 2015 |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>
|-
|2003
|''Simhadri''
|{{INRConvert|85|m|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|265|m|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|460|m|year=2003|mode=historical}}
|<ref name=":0222"/><ref name=":62" />
|-
|2004
|''Sye''
|{{INRConvert|102|m|year=2004|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|110|m|year=2004|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|180|m|year=2004|mode=historical}}
|<ref name=":62" />
|-
|2005
|''Chatrapathi''
|{{INRConvert|125|m|year=2005|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|210|m|year=2005|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|360|m|year=2005|mode=historical}}
|<ref name=":0222"/><ref name=":62" /><ref name=":722">{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=భళి భళి భళిరా భళి రాజమౌళి |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-ssrajamouli-473713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823002513/http://www.sakshi.com/news/family/special-story-to-ssrajamouli-473713 |archive-date=23 August 2017 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|''Vikramarkudu''
|{{INRConvert|110|m|year=2006|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|190|m|year=2006|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|360|m|year=2006|mode=historical}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=More |first=Shalmesh |date=31 October 2024 |title=Ravi Teja's Vikramarkudu VS Akshay Kumar's Rowdy Rathore At Box Office: Blockbuster Remake Remained Slightly Lower Than The OG Worth 226% Returns! |url=https://www.koimoi.com/box-office/ravi-tejas-vikramarkudu-vs-akshay-kumars-rowdy-rathore-at-box-office-blockbuster-remake-remained-slightly-lower-than-the-og-worth-226-returns/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=Koimoi}}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{Cite news |date=29 December 2006 |title=A few hits and many flops |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103213349/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/12/29/stories/2006122901630100.htm |archive-date=3 January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=An action film! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/An-action-film-news-telugu-kkfvjDdgdbisi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719045623/http://www.sify.com/movies/An-action-film-news-telugu-kkfvjDdgdbisi.html |archive-date=19 July 2016 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref name=":722" />
|-
|2007
|''Yamadonga''
|₹180–200 million ($4.3–4.8 million)
|{{INRConvert|290|m|year=2007|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|500|m|year=2007|mode=historical}}
|<ref name=":0222"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Focus |first=Filmy |date=4 August 2021 |title=Box office collections data for Rajamouli's films is here – Filmy Focus |url=https://filmyfocus.com/box-office-collections-data-for-rajamoulis-films-is-here/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515083306/https://filmyfocus.com/box-office-collections-data-for-rajamoulis-films-is-here/ |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=14 May 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":722"/>
|-
|2009
|''Magadheera''
|₹350–440 million ($7–10 million){{efn|name="MagadheeraBudget"}}
|{{INRConvert|830|m|year=2009|mode=historical}}{{Efn|Magadheera collected a distributor's share of {{INRConvert|736|m|year=2009|mode=historical}} in its Telugu version and approximately {{INRConvert|830|m|year=2009|mode=historical}} when including its dubbed versions.}}
|{{INRConvert|1.5|b|year=2009|mode=historical}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2014 |title=Industry Hit Magadheera Total Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=72&cid=6&fid=197 |website=Andhraboxoffice}}</ref><ref name=":0222"/><ref name=":722"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2018 |title=Aravinda Sametha 18-day box office collection: Jr NTR film turns fifth all-time highest Telugu film |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/aravinda-sametha-18-day-box-office-collection-jr-ntr-film-turns-fifth-all-time-highest-telugu-film-784269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704022020/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/aravinda-sametha-18-day-box-office-collection-jr-ntr-film-turns-fifth-all-time-highest-telugu-film-784269 |archive-date=4 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=International Business Times}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|''Maryada Ramanna''
|₹120–140 million ($2.6–3.1 million)
|{{INRConvert|290|m|year=2010|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|400|m|year=2010|mode=historical}}
|<ref name=":0222"/><ref name=":722"/><ref name="Sify"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tollywood: The big hits of 2010 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2010/dec/29/tollywood-the-big-hits-of-2010-214939.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912190602/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2010/dec/29/tollywood-the-big-hits-of-2010-214939.html |archive-date=12 September 2020 |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=The New Indian Express |date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''Eega''
|₹300–400 million ($6–7 million){{efn|''[[The New Indian Express]]'' quoted Nani estimating the film's budget as {{INRConvert|260|m|year=2012|mode=historical}},<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2012 |title=Nani becomes a housefly |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article534671.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406163623/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article534671.ece |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=6 April 2016 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> S. S. Rajamouli estimated the film's budget to be around {{INR}}300–350 million ($5.61–6.55 million) in an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'',<ref name="Rajamouli buzz">{{Cite web |last=Manigandan |first=K. R. |date=18 July 2012 |title=What's the big BUZZ? |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/whats-the-big-buzz/article3614447.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406163653/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/whats-the-big-buzz/article3614447.ece |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=6 April 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and Rajeev Kamineni of [[PVP Cinema]] estimated the film's budget as {{INRConvert|400|m|year=2012|mode=historical}} in an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref name="Animals in Tamil films">{{Cite web |last=Mathai |first=Kamini |date=7 July 2012 |title=Kollywood evolves from real jumbos to animated housefly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Kollywood-evolves-from-real-jumbos-to-animated-housefly/articleshow/14726770.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403134253/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Kollywood-evolves-from-real-jumbos-to-animated-housefly/articleshow/14726770.cms |archive-date=3 April 2016 |access-date=3 April 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>|name="EegaBudget"}}
|₹540 million ($10 million)
|₹1.3 billion ($23 million)
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2013 |title=DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan C… |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-13/news/33817001_1_pvp-ventures-deccan-chargers-financial-chronicle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104044932/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-13/news/33817001_1_pvp-ventures-deccan-chargers-financial-chronicle |archive-date=2013-01-04 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''Baahubali: The Beginning''
|{{INRConvert|1.8|b|year=2015|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|3.02|b|year=2015|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|6.5|b|year=2015|mode=historical}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2017 |title=Baahubali rights snapped up by Netflix for Rs 25.5 crore; The Conclusion completes 100 days in theatres |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627043633/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bahubali-2-baahubali-rights-snapped-up-by-netflix-for-rs-25-5-crore-the-conclusion-completes-100-days-in-theatres-3914757.html |archive-date=27 June 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Has SS Rajamouli's Baahubali 2 earned Rs 500 cr even before release? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-2-box-office-collection-rajamouli-prabhas-rana-958308-2017-02-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707165418/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/baahubali-2-box-office-collection-rajamouli-prabhas-rana-958308-2017-02-01 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=India Today |date=February 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":722"/>
|-
|2017
|''Baahubali 2: The Conclusion''
|{{INRConvert|2.5|b|year=2017|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|8.31|b|year=2017|mode=historical}}{{efn|Excluding China and Japan box office share|name="BB2Share"}}
|{{INRConvert|18.1|b|year=2017|mode=historical}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyaya |first=Prakash |date=20 September 2017 |title=Baahubali 2 (Bahubali 2) box office collection: SS Rajamouli's film mints Rs 1,706.50 cr in 140 days |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-2-bahubali-2-box-office-collection-ss-rajamoulis-film-mints-rs-1706-50-cr-140-days-742747 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707165458/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-2-bahubali-2-box-office-collection-ss-rajamoulis-film-mints-rs-1706-50-cr-140-days-742747 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=IBTimes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2017 |title=Investments covered, Baahubali 2 is a gold mine even before release: Experts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/investments-already-covered-baahubali-2-is-a-goldmine-even-before-its-release-experts/story-gmnuMjMv6lMvzxWbuyQVpN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707165457/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/investments-already-covered-baahubali-2-is-a-goldmine-even-before-its-release-experts/story-gmnuMjMv6lMvzxWbuyQVpN.html |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Worldwide Figures – All Formats And Hindi – Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091327/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4396 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''RRR''
|{{INRConvert|5.5|b|year=2022|mode=historical}}
|{{INRConvert|6.24|b|year=2022|mode=historical}}{{efn|Excluding Japan box office share|name="RRRShare"}}
|{{INRConvert|13.87|b|year=2022|mode=historical}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2022 |title=RRR Budget {{!}} అంత భారీ బ‌డ్జెట్‌తో RRR సినిమాను తెర‌కెక్కించారా? |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/producer-danayya-spent-huge-budget-for-rrr-movie-494880 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601022316/https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/producer-danayya-spent-huge-budget-for-rrr-movie-494880 |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Namasthe Telangana |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli's RRR gets shoutout from Doctor Strange screenwriter C. Robert Cargill: 'Craziest, weirdest blockbuster' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/ss-rajamouli-s-rrr-gets-shoutout-from-doctor-strange-screenwriter-c-robert-cargill-craziest-weirdest-blockbuster-101654596589561.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707035034/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/ss-rajamouli-s-rrr-gets-shoutout-from-doctor-strange-screenwriter-c-robert-cargill-craziest-weirdest-blockbuster-101654596589561.html |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=Gangubai Kathiawadi is the most-watched Indian film on Netflix with 50.6 million viewership hours, RRR follows close behind |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gangubai-kathiawadi-rrr-netflix-viewership-indian-films-7960117/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622063506/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gangubai-kathiawadi-rrr-netflix-viewership-indian-films-7960117/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Baahubali: The Epic''
|{{INRConvert|400|m}}
|{{INRConvert|361.5|m}}
|{{INRConvert|723.1|m}}
| <ref name="BaahubaliEpic1">{{Cite web |title=Baahubali: The Epic |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Baahubali:_The_Epic |website=Bharatpedia |access-date=16 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="BaahubaliEpic2">{{Cite web |title=Baahubali franchise) |url=https://en.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/Baahubali_(franchise) |website=Bharatpedia |access-date=16 November 2025}}</ref><ref name="BaahubaliEpic3">{{Cite web |title=బాహుబలి: ది ఎపిక్ |url=https://te.Bharatpedia.org/wiki/హుబలి:_ది_ఎపిక్
|website=తెలుగు వికిపీడియా |access-date=16 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Awards and recognition ==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by S. S. Rajamouli}}

[[File:M. Venkaiah Naidu presenting the Akkineni Nageswara Rao National Film Award to the Film Director, Shri S.S. Rajamouli, in Hyderabad on September 17. 2017. The Chief Minister of Telangana, Shri Chandrashekar Rao, Film Actor.jpg|thumb|Rajamouli receiving the [[ANR National Award]] from the vice-president of India [[Venkaiah Naidu]], September 2017.|226x226px]]
Rajamouli is a recipient of several awards including four [[National Film Awards]], five [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Filmfare Awards]], and five state [[Nandi Awards]]. In 2015, Rajamouli was named [[CNN-News18 Indian of the Year]] in Entertainment.<ref name="Winner of Indian of the Year 2015 in the Entertainment category-2016" /> The [[Government of India]] honoured him with [[Padma Shri]] in 2016, for his contributions to the field of Art.<ref name="Padma">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2016 |title=Padma Awards 2016: Rajinikanth, Priyanka Chopra, Ujjwal Nikam, Saina Nehwal, Sania Mirzia, SS Rajamouli and others honoured |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/padma-awards-2016-rajinikanth-priyanka-saina-nehwal-sania-rajamouli-honoured-complete-winners-list-664471 |website=International Business Times, India Edition |access-date=25 January 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011048/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/padma-awards-2016-rajinikanth-priyanka-saina-nehwal-sania-rajamouli-honoured-complete-winners-list-664471 |url-status=live}}</ref>

His films have been screened at various film festivals such as [[Cannes Film Festival]], [[Shanghai International Film Festival]], [[Busan International Film Festival]], [[Sitges Film Festival]] among others.{{Efn|name=EegaFF|The Telugu version of Eega was screened at L'Étrange Film Festival,<ref>{{Cite news |title=L'ETRANGE 2012: Review of EEGA |publisher=Quietearth.us |url=http://www.quietearth.us/articles/2012/09/LETRANGE-2012-Review-of-EEGA |access-date=21 October 2012 |archive-date=17 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017142935/http://www.quietearth.us/articles/2012/09/LETRANGE-2012-Review-of-EEGA |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eega Screened at a French Film Festival |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/1724-eega-screened-at-a-french-film-festival.html |access-date=25 August 2012 |publisher=chitraloka.com |archive-date=13 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713132822/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/1724-eega-screened-at-a-french-film-festival.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eega Gains International Recognition |url=http://www.cinemamama.com/2012/07/eega-gains-international-recognition.html |access-date=21 July 2012 |publisher=cinemamama.com |archive-date=1 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801234128/http://www.cinemamama.com/2012/07/eega-gains-international-recognition.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[2013 Cannes Film Festival]], the Panorama section of the 16th [[Shanghai International Film Festival]] and [[Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Makkhi' Review: Revenge comes in all sizes! |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/makkhi-review-revenge-comes-in-all-sizes_120817.html |access-date=13 October 2012 |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014174403/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/makkhi-review-revenge-comes-in-all-sizes_120817.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The film received Best Art Direction award at the Fantaspoa film festival of Brazil.<ref name="FSA F F BL IGZ2">{{Cite web |date=10 August 2013 |title=Ravinder Reddy Wins Big in Brazil |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/96353.html |access-date=11 August 2013 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |archive-date=13 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813144726/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/96353.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shiva Prasad |date=16 May 2013 |title=After Cannes; Eega heads to Madrid & Korea |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/After-Cannes-Eega-heads-to-Madrid-Korea/articleshow/20085831.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102125837/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-16/news-interviews/39309398_1_film-festival-eega-best-special |archive-date=2 November 2013 |access-date=16 May 2013 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The Tamil version ''Naan Ee'' was screened at the 10th [[Chennai International Film Festival]].}}{{Efn|''Baahubali: The Beginning'' was screened at Open Cinema Strand of [[Busan International Film Festival]], Indian Film Festival The Hague,<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=Busan: Final 'Baahubali' Aims to Be Bigger, More Emotional |url=https://variety.com/2015/film/asia/s-s-rajamouli-baahubali-aims-to-be-bigger-more-emotional-1201610015/ |access-date=22 October 2015 |website=Variety |archive-date=18 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018133622/http://variety.com/2015/film/asia/s-s-rajamouli-baahubali-aims-to-be-bigger-more-emotional-1201610015/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sitges Film Festival]] in [[Spain]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sitges Film Festival » Baahubali – The Beginning |url=http://sitgesfilmfestival.com/eng/film/?id=10003810#.ViE50Glyw34.twitter |access-date=22 October 2015 |website=sitgesfilmfestival.com |archive-date=20 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020021606/http://sitgesfilmfestival.com/eng/film/?id=10003810#.ViE50Glyw34.twitter |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Utopiales|Utopiales Film Festival]] in France,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baahubali : the beginning {{!}} Utopiales • International Festival of science fiction of Nantes |url=http://www.utopiales.org/en/baahubali-beginning |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131092459/http://www.utopiales.org/en/baahubali-beginning |archive-date=31 January 2016 |access-date=10 November 2015 |website=www.utopiales.org }}</ref> [[Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards|Golden Horse Film Festival]] in Taipei, [[Taiwan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 台北金馬影展 Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival {{!}} 巴霍巴利王：創始之初 |url=http://www.goldenhorse.org.tw/film/programme/films/detail/1350?search_year=2015&ghff_id=220 |access-date=10 November 2015 |website=www.goldenhorse.org.tw |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131173650/http://www.goldenhorse.org.tw/film/programme/films/detail/1350?search_year=2015&ghff_id=220 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival]] in [[Estonia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baahubali: The Beginning — Special Screenings — Black Nights Film Festival Nov 13 – 29 nov 2015 |url=http://2015.poff.ee/eng/films/programmes.p/special-screenings/baahubali-the-beginning |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=2015.poff.ee |archive-date=14 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114054522/http://2015.poff.ee/eng/films/programmes.p/special-screenings/baahubali-the-beginning |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[:fr:L'Étrange Festival|L'Etrange International Film Festival]] in [[Paris]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'Étrange Festival — XXIe édition — Du 3 au 13 septembre 2015 – Baahubali: The Beginning |url=http://www.etrangefestival.com/2015/fr/film/baahubali_the_beginning |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305113415/http://www.etrangefestival.com/2015/fr/film/baahubali_the_beginning |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=6 December 2015 |website=www.etrangefestival.com}}</ref> [[Five Flavours Film Festival]] in [[Poland]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Festiwal Filmowy Pięć Smaków — Bahubali: Początek |url=http://www.piecsmakow.pl/film.do?id=130 |access-date=6 December 2015 |website=www.piecsmakow.pl |archive-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202044038/http://www.piecsmakow.pl/film.do?id=130 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hawaii International Film Festival]] in [[Honolulu]], [[Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival]] in [[Brussels, Belgium]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baahubali To Be Screened At Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival |url=http://fitnhit.com/news/baahubali-screened-brussels-international-fantastic-film-festival/64181/ |website=FitnHit.com |access-date=23 April 2016 |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005043842/http://fitnhit.com/news/baahubali-screened-brussels-international-fantastic-film-festival/64181/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BAAHUBALI-THE BEGINNING – 2015 HIFF Fall Festival |url=http://program.hiff.org/films/detail/baahubali_the_beginning_2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117185634/http://program.hiff.org/films/detail/baahubali_the_beginning_2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015 |website=program.hiff.org}}</ref> and the [[Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2016 |title=Baahubali: The Beginning team heads to Cannes |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/baahubali-the-beginning-team-heads-to-cannes-2792127/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=20 May 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510233017/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/baahubali-the-beginning-team-heads-to-cannes-2792127/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2016 |title='Baahubali' nominated for Saturn Awards in five categories |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/baahubali-nominated-for-saturn-awards-in-five-categories/ |website=The Indian Express |access-date=7 April 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401155047/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/baahubali-nominated-for-saturn-awards-in-five-categories/ |url-status=live}}</ref>|name=BBFF}} A retrospective of Rajamouli's films was held from 26 September to 10 October 2022, in a special programme titled "From Tollywood to Hollywood" as part of the 10th edition of Beyond Fest, the highest attended genre festival in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yamato |first=Jen |date=7 September 2022 |title=Indian action hit 'RRR' eyes Oscars, sets Beyond Fest S.S. Rajamouli retrospective |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-09-07/rrr-s-s-rajamouli-oscars-beyond-fest |access-date=9 September 2022 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909025338/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-09-07/rrr-s-s-rajamouli-oscars-beyond-fest |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oddo |first=Marco Vito |date=2022-09-07 |title=Beyond Fest to Feature Special Tollywood Programming With 'RRR' Director S.S. Rajamouli |url=https://collider.com/beyond-fest-tollywood-programming-rrr-director-s-s-rajamouli/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |language=en-US |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908183131/https://collider.com/beyond-fest-tollywood-programming-rrr-director-s-s-rajamouli/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajamouli was cited as an influence by directors [[Prashanth Neel]] and [[Ayan Mukerji]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajamouli is an inspiration for all of us: Prashanth Neel |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/apr/13/rajamouli-isan-inspiration-for-all-of-us-prashanth-neel-2441303.html |access-date=4 July 2022 |website=The New Indian Express |date=13 April 2022 |quote=With his films, he brought immense recognition to [[Cinema of South India|South cinema]] and he is a big source of inspiration to all of us. |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705190801/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/apr/13/rajamouli-isan-inspiration-for-all-of-us-prashanth-neel-2441303.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nivedita |date=8 September 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli, James Cameron Were Ayan Mukerji's Ideals For Making Brahmastra |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ss-rajamouli-james-cameron-were-ayan-mukerjis-ideals-for-making-brahmastra/e12d657115717 |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012181742/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ss-rajamouli-james-cameron-were-ayan-mukerjis-ideals-for-making-brahmastra/e12d657115717 |url-status=live}}</ref> Filmmaker and actor [[Rahul Ravindran]] thinks Rajamouli alone has a foresight to predict the success of a script.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=30 March 2022 |title=Inside the mind of SS Rajamouli: Decoding how the RRR director lends scale to his storytelling |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |quote=Every time someone tells me during a script discussion that doing this or not doing that will make the script a hit film, I always say… how can you be sure, nobody can be, except Rajamouli sir. |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818144603/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/inside-the-mind-of-ss-rajamouli-decoding-how-the-rrr-director-lends-scale-to-his-storytelling-10501081.html |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Matt Groening]], creator of the television shows ''[[The Simpsons]]'' and ''[[Futurama]]'', while discussing his inspiration for ''[[Disenchantment (TV series)|Disenchantment]]'' mentioned that Rajamouli made some of his favourite films of the last decade, especially ''[[Magadheera]]''. He added that the show has [[Homage (arts)|homages]] to Rajamouli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyman |first=Dan |date=16 August 2018 |title=Matt Groening Just Keeps Going |url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/a22627833/matt-groening-disenchantment-netflix-interview/ |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |language=en-US |quote=In a given show there might be homages to Buster Keaton and to an Indian filmmaker named S. S. Rajamouli, who has made some of my favorite films of the last decade. I particularly recommend a movie called Magadheera. |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613123004/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/a22627833/matt-groening-disenchantment-netflix-interview/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Filmmaker [[Mani Ratnam]] mentioned that the success of ''Baahubali'' inspired him to work on ''[[Production of Ponniyin Selvan: I and Ponniyin Selvan: II|Ponniyin Selvan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2022 |title=Mani Ratnam Says The Success of SS Rajamouli's Baahubali Inspired Him To Work On 'Ponniyin Selvan' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/mani-ratnam-says-the-success-of-ss-rajamouli-s-baahubali-inspired-him-to-work-on-ponniyin-selvan--news-217604 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |language=en |quote=I want to thank Rajamouli garu. In a way, he has opened a door for all of us and has shown us that this kind of film can be made. You can tell stories in two parts and be successful. It has become possible because of Baahubali, so I really want to thank him. |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823064508/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/mani-ratnam-says-the-success-of-ss-rajamouli-s-baahubali-inspired-him-to-work-on-ponniyin-selvan--news-217604 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2022 |title=Mani Ratnam praises SS Rajamouli: Ponniyin Selvan is possible today because of Baahubali |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mani-ratnam-praises-ss-rajamouli-ponniyin-selvan-is-possible-today-because-of-baahubali/articleshow/93673902.cms |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=22 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192038/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mani-ratnam-praises-ss-rajamouli-ponniyin-selvan-is-possible-today-because-of-baahubali/articleshow/93673902.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Quote box
| width = 32.5%
| bgcolor = #F5F6CE
| align = left
| quote = Rajamouli has redefined the reach of regional cinema consistently through his films, starting with Eega [2012] to the Baahubali series, and now with RRR. The entire concept of pan-Indian films came from him when he succeeded with Eega across many Indian languages. This opened up this concept. Thanks to his vision, today, a lot of films are able to be made on a bigger budget targeted at a pan-Indian audience. Rajamouli stands tall among all Indian filmmakers for his vision, innovation, and expansion of the regional language market at a global level.
| source =  — Film producer [[G. Dhananjayan]] on Rajamouli<ref name="Srinivasan-2022" />
}}

Through his [[Baahubali (franchise)|''Baahubali'']] films, Rajamouli is credited with pioneering the [[pan-Indian film]]s movement.<ref name="Bamzai-2022" /><ref name="Srinivasan-2022" /> Gautam Jain of Ormax Media, a media and entertainment consulting firm writes, "Before the release of ''Bahubali: The Beginning'' (2015), the term 'Pan India film' did not exist in film media or audience lingo." He also called him the 'original Pan India filmmaker' and the 'most successful Pan India filmmaker'.<ref name="Jain-2022" /> [[Hombale Films|Vijay Kiragandur]], the producer of the ''KGF'' films credited Rajamouli for making ''Baahubali'' films and giving him the confidence to take ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1|KGF: Chapter 1]]'' to audiences across the country.<ref name="S.-2022">{{Cite web |last1=S. |first1=Vidya |last2=Lidhoo |first2=Prerna |date=22 July 2022 |title=How Movies From the South Conquered Bollywood |url=http://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |quote="It's all thanks to Rajamouli and Yarlagadda for making pan-India films and giving us the confidence", says Vijay Kiragandur, Co-founder of Hombale Group, which produced the KGF movies. It was a meeting with Rajamouli in Bengaluru two months before KGF1's release that set the ball rolling. They showed him an 8-10-minute show-reel cut of the film on an iPad, and he asked them to go pan-India. "People in Karnataka were saying we are spending more on marketing than production in KGF1. [His words] gave us the confidence to spend that much. Otherwise also we would have gone all out, but would not have taken that much of a risk unless we heard it from the horse's mouth", says Kiragandur. |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163253/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/how-movies-from-the-south-conquered-bollywood-146-22-07-2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Rachel Dwyer]], professor of Indian Cultures and Cinema at [[SOAS University of London]] remarked that Rajamouli is India's most significant director at present who can make a film in a south Indian language that becomes a [[pan-Indian film]] which can also be enjoyed overseas audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwyer |first=Rachel |date=2022-04-01 |title=Director's Roar – The globalisation of South Indian cinema began with Rajamouli |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/directors-roar/ |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open Magazine]] |language=en-GB |quote=SS Rajamouli is perhaps India's most significant director today. He can make a film in a south Indian language that, when dubbed, becomes a pan-Indian film that can also be enjoyed overseas. |archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905161209/https://openthemagazine.com/cover-stories/directors-roar/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Film trade analyst [[Komal Nahta]], citing the successful track record of Rajamouli called him the "biggest Indian film director ever".<ref name="Sharma-2022">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Suparna |date=30 April 2022 |title=Indian director Rajamouli scores a global hit with new film RRR |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/30/indian-director-ss-rajamouli-rrr-film-teluga-cinema |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701074059/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/30/indian-director-ss-rajamouli-rrr-film-teluga-cinema |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022 |website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |language=en |quote=“Rajamouli has an impeccable track record. Every film of his has worked … It would not be wrong to say that he’s the biggest [Indian film director] ever,” Komal Nahta, an Indian film trade analyst, told Al Jazeera. Since his film-making career began in 2001, Rajamouli has directed 12 films – all box office hits.}}</ref> Manoj Kumar R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "It's a rarity to find a director who sells more tickets than the leading stars of a movie. And in that respect, he has monopolized that space."''<ref name="R-2022" />'' Sagar Tetali of ''[[Film Companion]]'' noted, that the success of Rajamouli's films is the triumph of directorial ambition over the actor-star image — centred film culture in [[Telugu cinema]]."<ref name="Tetali-2022" /> At the [[95th Academy Awards]], "[[Naatu Naatu]]" from ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'' became the first song from an Indian film to win the [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]]. He was invited to join the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] in June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-26 |title=Oscar-winning 'RRR' director SS Rajamouli invited to join the Academy Awards as a honorable member |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/oscar-winning-rrr-director-ss-rajamouli-invited-to-join-the-academy-awards-as-a-honorable-member-13786439.html |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en-us}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* A [[Netflix]] documentary ''[[Modern Masters: SS Rajamouli]]'' directed by Raghav Khanna and Tanvi Ajinkya, based on Rajamouli's life and career was released in 2024.
* Rajamouli and his son both appear in the 2025 video game ''[[Death Stranding 2: On the Beach]]'' from [[Hideo Kojima]] in the roles of the Adventurer and the Adventurer's Son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-25 |title=Rajamouli debuts in Death Stranding 2 video game, excited fans call him global icon |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ss-rajamouli-debuts-death-stranding-2-video-game-global-star-icon-2745766-2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Obias |first=Rudie |date=2025-06-26 |title='Death Stranding 2: On The Beach' Is Out Now for the Sony Playstation 5 |url=https://variety.com/2025/shopping/news/death-stranding-2-on-the-beach-gaming-buy-online-1236441975/ |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian Golden Globe Award winners and nominees]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name|1442514}}

{{Navboxes|list=
{{S. S. Rajamouli}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by S. S. Rajamouli|Awards for S. S. Rajamouli]]
|list =
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{ANR National Award}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestTeluguDirector}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Director}}
{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Director – Telugu}}
{{IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Director – Telugu}}
}}
{{Baahubali}}
{{India Animation Industry}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajamouli, S. S.}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Action film directors]]
[[Category:CineMAA Awards winners]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Indian film producers]]
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Gaddar Telangana Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:People from Raichur district]]
[[Category:Film people from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award]]
[[Category:S. S. Rajamouli]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Telstra People's Choice Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Indian agnostics]]
[[Category:Indian television talk show hosts]]
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[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Chas subdivision

2026-03-25T03:37:26Z

NoemiConley374: Done

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chas subdivision
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.63|N|86.17|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bokaro district|Bokaro]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,043,643
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|bokaro.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chas subdivision''' is an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative subdivision]] of the [[Bokaro district]] in the [[North Chotanagpur division]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[India]].

==History==
Bokaro district was created on 1 April 1991 by taking out Chas and Chandankiyari CD blocks of Dhanbad district and the entire Bermo subdivision of Giridih district and merging them.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://bokaro.nic.in/about-district/ |title = About district – brief history of the district |publisher= Bokaro district | access-date = 1 June 2016}}</ref> Earlier, Dhanbad district was created in 1956 by carving out the old Dhanbad subdivision and Chas and Chandankiyari police station areas of the Sadar subdivision of Manbhum district, on the recommendations of the [[States Reorganisation Commission]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2009_PART_A_DCHB_DHANBAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Dhanbad | work = Series 21, Part XIIA, pages 4-5, 5-6, 8 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 4 June 2019}}</ref>

==Administrative set up==
Bokaro district has two subdivisions:<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 1 Decadal change in population of tahsils by residence, 2001-2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://bokaro.nic.in/district-profile/ |title = Bokaro District | work= District Profile |publisher= Government of Jharkhand | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural population % (2011)||Urban population % (2011)
|-
|[[Bermo subdivision|Bermo]]||[[Tenu]]ghat|| n/a ||1,018,690||59.98||40.02
|-
|Chas||[[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]|| n/a ||1,043,640||44.81||55.19
|-
|[[Bokaro district]]||[[Bokaro Steel City]]||2,883||2,062,330||52.30||47.70
|}

{{OSM Location map
| width=610| height=330| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|41|0|N|86|4|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bokaro district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Factory, A: Coal Mining Area Abbreviation used: TPS – Thermal Power Station Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|41|2|N|86|22|26|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Amlabad | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Amlabad]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|38|39|N|86|26|46|E}} | label-pos2=bottom|label2= Bhojudih| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Bhojudih]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|48|55|N|85|53|3|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Bokaro (Thermal)| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bokaro (Thermal)]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|48|0|N|85|55|22|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Kurpania| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Kurpania]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|57|0|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Bermo| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bermo]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|45|30|N|85|55|40|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jaridih Bazar| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jaridih Bazar]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|12|N|86|7|31|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Telo| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Telo, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|47|50|N|86|6|35|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Narra| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Narra, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|7|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Chandrapura| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Chandrapura]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|46|16|N|86|3|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Termi| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Termi]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|45|52|N|86|8|44|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11= Bursera| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Bursera, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|9|40|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Sijhua| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Sijhua]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|9|32|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Dugda| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Dugda]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|12|N|86|9|0|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Bokaro Steel City| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Bokaro Steel City]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|37|12|N|86|9|8|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Bandhgora| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Bandhgora]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|48|48|N|85|49|23|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Gomia| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Gomia]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|46|53|N|85|48|18|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Hasir| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Hasir]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|43|50|N|85|44|0|E}} | label-pos18=bottom|label18= Lalpania| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Lalpania]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|49|25|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Saram| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Saram, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|44|50|N|85|50|39|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Tenudam-cum-Kathara| numbered20=CT| mark-title20 =[[Tenudam-cum-Kathara]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|39|55|N|86|0|58|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Bandh Dih| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Bandh Dih]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|40|48|N|86|1|12|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Jena| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Jena, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|40|38|N|86|3|23|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Tanr Balidih| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Tanr Balidih]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|52|57|N|86|6|29|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bhandra| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bhandra]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|44|0|N|85|50|50|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Tenu| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Tenu]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|38|44|N|86|10|25|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Chas| numbered26=M| mark-title26= [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] (M) |label-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|46|22|N|86|0|24|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Phusro| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Phusro]] (M) |label-size27=12 |label-color27=#800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|47|55|N|85|58|18|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= CCL B&K Area | numbered28=A| mark-title28= [[Bokaro and Kargali Area]] (A) | label-size28=12|label-color28=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|58|38|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29= CCL Dhori Area| numbered29=A| mark-title29= [[Dhori Area]] (A) | label-size29=12|label-color29=#AA6666
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|45|50|N|85|53|12|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= CCL Kathara Area| numbered30=A| mark-title30= [[Kathara Area]] (A) |label-size30=12|label-color30=#AA6666
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|43|50|N|85|45|0|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Tenughat TPS| numbered31=F| mark-title31= [[Tenughat Thermal Power Station]] |shape-color31=#967117
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|48|0|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Bokaro B TPS| numbered32=F| mark-title32= [[Bokaro Thermal Power Station B]] |shape-color32=#967117
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|38|50|N|86|7|40|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Bokaro Steel Plant| numbered33=F| mark-title33= [[Bokaro Steel Plant]] |shape-color33=#967117
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|34|41|N|86|21|35|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34= Chandankiyari| numbered34=R|mark-title34=[[Chandankiyari]] (R) |shape-color34= #C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|38|2|N|86|18|16|E}} | label-pos35=left|label35= Siyaljori| numbered35=R|mark-title35=[[Siyaljori]] (R) |shape-color35= #C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|30|56|N|86|12|9|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Pindrajora| numbered36=R|mark-title36=[[Pindrajora]] (R) |shape-color36= #C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|42|9|N|85|40|6|E}} | label-pos37=right|label37= Mahuatand| numbered37=R|mark-title37=[[Mahuatand]] (R) |shape-color37= #C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|36|44|N|85|56|6|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38= Kasmar| numbered38=R|mark-title38=[[Kasmar]] (R) |shape-color38= #C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|51|32|N|86|2|31|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Nawadih| numbered39=R|mark-title39=[[Nawadih]] (R) |shape-color39= #C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|37|17|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos40=top|label40= Petarwar| numbered40=R|mark-title40=[[Petarwar]] (R) |shape-color40= #C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|44|0|N|85|49|50|E}}| label41= Tenughat|labela41= Dam| label-color41 = #C42222 | label-angle41=0| label-pos41=left| label-size41=10| mark-size41=12| numbered41=D|mark-title41 =[[Tenughat Dam]]| shape-color41=#C42222
|mark-coord42={{coord|23|42|40|N|86|7|0|E}} |label42= Damodar River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42=9| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|51|30|N|85|49|0|E}} |label43= Konar |labela43= River|label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= 60| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|47|50|N|85|43|0|E}} |label44= Bokaro |labela44= River|label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 10| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|30|0|N|86|24|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-75| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Urban frame===
[[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] is the only statutory town in Chas subdivision. It has 4 [[census towns]]: [[Bokaro Steel City]], [[Bandhgora]], [[Amlabad]] and [[Bhojudih]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 7 Sex ration of towns, 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref>

===Rural frame===
There are 248 inhabited villages in Chas subdivision.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 2 Number and percentage of inhabited villages in specified population ranges with the related population, 2011 Rural |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref>

==Police stations==
Police stations in Chas subdivision were at:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ | title = District Police Profile - Bokaro| publisher = Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 1 June 2021}}</ref>
#Balidih
#[[Chandankiyari]]
#[[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] (M)
#Gandhinagar
#Harla
#Mahila
#Maraphari
#Penk Narayanpur
#SC/ST
#Sector IV
#Sector VI
#Sector XII
#[[Siyaljori]]

==Blocks==
Community development blocks in Bermo subdivision are<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2010_PART_B_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII B | work= District Primary Census Abstract, pages 24-25|publisher= | access-date = 16 June 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD block ||Headquarters|| Area km2|| Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||Literacy rate %||Census towns
|-
|[[Chas block|Chas]]||[[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]||553.19||671,672||14.44||9.59||66.61||[[Bokaro Steel City]], [[Bandh Dih]]
|-
|[[Chandankiyari (community development block)|Chandankiyari]]||[[Chandankiyari]]||370.51||230,238||25.28||8.24||53.61||[[Amlabad]], [[Bhojudih]]
|-
|}

==Economy==
===Bokaro Steel Plant===
[[Bokaro Steel Plant]] is one of the largest steel producing units in the country with an annual capacity of 5.8 MT of liquid steel.<ref>{{cite web |title=BOKARO STEEL PLANT - PRODUCT BASKET |url=https://sail.co.in/bokaro-steel-plant/products}}</ref> It was incorporated as a limited company in 1965.<ref name="Sengupta1979">{{cite book|author=Nirmal Sengupta|title=Destitutes and Development: A Study of the Bauri Community in the Bokaro Region|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQXAoHucmMkC&pg=PA25|year=1979|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|pages=25–|id=GGKEY:73SPC2220UQ}}</ref> It was later merged with the state-owned [[Steel Authority of India Limited|Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)]].<ref>[http://www.sail.co.in/ Steel Authority Of India Limited]</ref>

===Vedanta Limited===
Electrosteel Steels Limited, whose initial promoters were the Kolkata-based Kejriwal family of the Electrosteel Group, whose flagship is the ductile iron pipe pioneers, [[Electrosteel Castings]], was setting up a 2.51 million tonnes per annum integrated steel plant at Sialjory.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/steel/electrosteel-group-a-steel-project-that-became-a-pipe-dream/articleshow/49696024.cms|title=Electrosteel Group: A steel project that became a pipedream |last=Mazumdar|first=Rakhi |date=2015-11-07|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.electrosteelsteels.com/about/profile.aspx | title= Electrosteel Steels Limited |publisher= ESL | accessdate = 6 October 2017}}</ref> The company had acquired 1,723.44 hectares of land for the plant.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.business-standard.com/company/electrosteel-st-32039/information/company-history | title= Electrosteel Steels Limited (ESL) Company History| publisher= Business Standard | accessdate = 6 October 2017}}</ref> [[Vedanta Limited]] acquired control of Electrosteels Steels Limited in 2018.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/vedanta-enters-steel-with-acquisition-of-electrosteel-steels-to-hold-90-118060401085_1.html | title = Vedanta enters steel with acquisition of Electrosteel Steels, to hold 90% | publisher = Business Standard, 5 June 2018 | accessdate = 16 July 2018}}</ref>

===Collieries===
Amlabad colliery of [[Eastern Jharia Area]] of [[Bharat Coking Coal|BCCL]] is a [[Amlabad]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=22623| title = Area| publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited| access-date = 2 July 2019| archive-date = 26 July 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726160730/http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=22623| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Bhojudih Coal Washery of [[Bharat Coking Coal|BCCL]] is at [[Bhojudih]].<ref name=bccl>{{cite web | url = http://www.bccl.gov.in/?page_id=248 | title = Bharat Coking Coal Limited | work = Washery | publisher = BCCL | accessdate = 5 December 2015 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208114110/http://www.bccl.gov.in/?page_id=248 | archivedate = 8 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=3967 | title = Washery|publisher = BCCL| access-date = 30 May 2021 }}</ref>

==Education==
In 2011, in Chas subdivision out of a total 248 inhabited villages there were 54 villages with pre-primary schools, 233 villages with primary schools, 133 villages with middle schools, 34 villages with secondary schools, 10 villages with senior secondary schools, 1 location with general degree college, 4 locations with non-formal training centres, 2 locations with vocational training institutes, 12 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf | title= District Census Handbook, Bokaro |work = Page 341, Appendix I: Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

===Educational institutions===
The following institutions are located in Chas subdivision:
*Chas College, established in 1976, at [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chascollege.org/|title=Chas College Chas|publisher= CCC| access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Guru Gobind Singh Educational Society Technical Campus (GGESTC), established in 2011, at [[Bokaro Steel City]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ggsestc.ac.in/home|title=Guru Gobind Singh Educational Society's Technical Campus|publisher= GGESTC |access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>
*CMCE College, established in 1995, at [[Chira Chas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmce.ac.in/|title=CMCE Bokaro|publisher=CMCE Bokaro|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Swami Sahjanand College, established in 1984, at Chas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sscollegechas.com/| title = SS College, Chas, Bokaro | publisher = SSC | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Chas Mahila College, at Chas.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.indcareer.com/jharkhand/bokaro/chas-mahila-college-chas | title = Chas Mahila College, Chas | publisher = Ind Career | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Ran Vijay Smarak Mahavidyalaya, established in 1982 at Bokaro Steel City.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rvsmb.com/ | title = Ran Vijay Smarak Mahavidyalaya | publisher = RVSM| access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
*BB Amina Women's College at Bokaro(?),<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.indcareer.com/jharkhand/bokaro/bb-amina-womens-college-bokaro | title = BB Amina Womens College, Bokaro | publisher = Ind Career | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Bokaro Steel City College, established in 1970, at Bokaro Steel City.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://bscitycollege.ac.in/ | title = Bokaro Steel City College, Bokaro| publisher = BSCC| access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Immanuel Hai Khan Law College at Bokaro(?).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.icbse.com/colleges/imamul-hai-khan-law-college-bokaro-p6rvp0 | title = Immanuel High Khan Law College, Bokaro | publisher = ICBSE | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>

(Information about degree colleges with proper reference may be added here)

==Healthcare==
In 2011, in Chas subdivision there were 5 villages with primary health centres, 26 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 6 villages with allopathic hospitals, 9 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 45 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

===Medical facilities===
(Anybody having referenced information about location of government/ private medical facilities may please add it here)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bokaro District}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Subdivisions of Jharkhand]]

Aandavan Kattalai (2016 film)

2026-03-23T15:10:42Z

NoemiConley374: update information per sources

{{Short description|2016 Indian film by M. Manikandan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Aandavan Kattalai (2016).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[M. Manikandan]]
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
*T. Arul Chezhian
*M. Manikandan
*[[Anucharan Murugaiyan|Anucharan]]
}}
| story = T. Arul Chezhian
| producer = [[G. N. Anbu Chezhiyan]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vijay Sethupathi]]
*[[Ritika Singh]]
}}
| cinematography = N. Shanmuga Sundaram
| editing = [[Anucharan Murugaiyan|Anucharan]]
| music = [[K (composer)|K]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
*Gopuram Films
*Tribal Arts
}}
| distributor = Sri Green Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2016|09|23}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Aandavan Kattalai''''' ({{translation|God's command}}) is a 2016 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[satire (film and television)|satirical]] [[comedy drama]] film directed and co-written by [[M. Manikandan]]. The film stars [[Vijay Sethupathi]] and [[Ritika Singh]], with [[Pooja Devariya]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] and [[Yogi Babu]] amongst others in supporting roles. It narrates the struggles of a man from interior [[Tamil Nadu]] to acquire documents to travel to London.

Produced by [[G. N. Anbu Chezhiyan]] and featuring music by [[K (composer)|K]], the film was shot between March and July 2016. It was released on 23 September the same year. The film received positive reviews from critics and became a commercial success, winning two [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]: Best Comedy Actor (Yogi Babu) and Best Comedy Actress ([[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]]). It was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[London Babulu]]'' (2017) and in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] as ''[[Shubh Yatra]]'' (2023).

== Plot ==
Gandhi Arumugam, an accountant from a village near [[Madurai]], leaves for [[Chennai]] with his best friend Muthupandi "Pandi" Selvam, to acquire the documents necessary for going to London, where they plan to make money to pay off their debts. They approach two middlemen to help them get the passport and British tourist visa necessary. The middlemen claim that the [[Deputy High Commission of the United Kingdom, Chennai|British Deputy High Commission]] would prefer to give tourist visas to those who are already married, so the duo are forced to add their "wife's" name while applying for the passport, with Gandhi adding the name Karmeghakuzhali, following a suggestion from their real estate broker, Murugesan. However, Gandhi's visa application is rejected, forcing him to remain in Chennai and take up a job as an accountant with a theatrical troupe, while Pandi passes his visa interview and leaves for London with the help of a passport officer, Kumar.

With his hard work and sincerity, Gandhi soon becomes his employer's favourite employee and is made to act in his plays. Eventually, the theatrical troupe are invited to perform in London, leaving Gandhi in a bind as he now needs to have his "wife's" name removed from his passport. He learns that the only way to do so is to divorce his "wife", but for that, he needs to find a woman who has the name Karmeghakuzhali. He manages to track down Karmeghakuzhali, a television journalist, and tries to convince her to act as his wife and "divorce" him. He also feigns muteness. Initially, she refuses, but she soon gives Gandhi the necessary documents to "divorce" her, pitying him. However, since both husband and wife need to be present at court at the time of divorce, Gandhi convinces Aarthi, an actress from his theatrical troupe, to act as Karmeghakuzhali at the court. But at the time of the divorce hearing, Aarthi disappears to the toilet, forcing a reluctant Karmeghakuzhali, who is present at the court, to take part in the divorce hearing. The subsequent events at the divorce hearing prove humiliating for Karmeghakuzhali, and she also learns that Gandhi's muteness is feigned. Hence, she bitterly leaves the court with no "divorce" granted.

Later, Gandhi learns that Pandi was deported upon arrival in London by immigration officials for giving false information and address verification while obtaining his passport, and he too finds himself in the dock for doing the same. However, he shows his and Pandi's original voter ID cards to the immigration officials, getting them released, while the middlemen are arrested. Pandi reveals he was sent to Sri Lanka and tortured by prison officials after he tried to seek asylum in London as a [[British Sri Lankans|Sri Lankan refugee]], and humiliated by the recent events, he returns to his village.

Gandhi goes to the Regional Passport Office in Chennai and admits his crime to the Regional Passport Officer. The passport officer asks him to pay a fine of {{INRConvert|1.3|k|year=2016}} to get Karmeghakuzhali's name removed from his passport. But in a last-minute decision, Gandhi chooses not to do so and instead proposes marriage to Karmeghakuzhali, who is initially taken aback but agrees. He soon obtains a British visa and leaves for London with the rest of the theatrical troupe.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Gandhi Arumugam
* [[Ritika Singh]] as Karmeghakuzhali
* [[Pooja Devariya]] as Aarthi
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Master
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Muthupandi "Pandi" Selvam
* [[George Maryan]] as Senior lawyer
* [[Singampuli]] as Murugesan
* [[A. Venkatesh]] as Gandhi's brother-in-law
* [[S. S. Stanley]] as Kumar
* Aravindhan as Nesan<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2016 |title="எல்லாமே ஆண்டவன் கட்டளை சார்!" |trans-title="Everything is God's command, sir!" |url=https://www.vikatan.com/humour-and-satire/cinema/124720-aandavan-kattalai-aravindhan-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813090051/https://www.vikatan.com/humour-and-satire/cinema/124720-aandavan-kattalai-aravindhan-interview |archive-date=13 August 2023 |access-date=13 August 2023 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Hareesh Peradi]] as Deportation Officer
* [[Vinodhini Vaidyanathan]] as Junior lawyer
* Vazhakku En Muthuraman as Regional Passport Officer
* [[Cheenu Mohan]] as Passport Official
* [[Ramesh Thilak]] as Passport Broker
* [[Namo Narayana]] as Viji
* Sushila Natraj as Judge Shantha Kumari
* Carl A. Harte as Visa Officer (uncredited)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor |url=https://carlharte.net/actor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718200911/https://carlharte.net/actor/ |archive-date=18 July 2024 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=carlharte.net}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
Following the release of ''[[Kaaka Muttai]]'' (2015), director [[M. Manikandan]] revealed in July 2015 that he would direct [[Vijay Sethupathi]] in a film to be produced by [[G. N. Anbu Chezhiyan]] of Gopuram Films. Manikandan and Sethupathi had known each other before they entered the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]] and had regularly collaborated for independent short films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |first=Janani |date=23 July 2015 |title=Kakka Muttai Manikandan to direct Vijay Sethupathi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kakka-Muttai-Manikandan-to-direct-Vijay-Sethupathi/articleshow/48173455.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812003729/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kakka-Muttai-Manikandan-to-direct-Vijay-Sethupathi/articleshow/48173455.cms |archive-date=12 August 2015 |access-date=23 July 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> However, Manikandan only began work on the film a year later, after finishing ''[[Kuttrame Thandanai]]'' (2016). The film's title was revealed as ''Aandavan Kattalai'', after a [[Aandavan Kattalai (1964 film)|1964 film]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=KR |first=Manigandan |date=16 September 2015 |title=No Songs in My Next Film: Kakka Muttai Director |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/Sep/16/no-songs-in-my-next-film-kakka-muttai-director-815598.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005124948/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2015/Sep/16/no-songs-in-my-next-film-kakka-muttai-director-815598.html |archive-date=5 October 2024 |access-date=5 October 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=1 January 2016 |title=Vijay gets a Sivaji Ganesan title! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/160101/entertainment-kollywood/article/vijay-gets-sivaji-ganesan-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126170215/http://deccanchronicle.com/160101/entertainment-kollywood/article/vijay-gets-sivaji-ganesan-title |archive-date=26 January 2016 |access-date=5 October 2024 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Ritika Singh]] was signed on as the lead actress, only a month after the release of her first film ''[[Irudhi Suttru]]'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karthik |first=Janani |date=2 March 2016 |title=Ritika to play an urban girl in Manikandan's next film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ritika-to-play-an-urban-girl-in-Manikandans-next-film/articleshow/51208818.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030054429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ritika-to-play-an-urban-girl-in-Manikandans-next-film/articleshow/51208818.cms |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Manikandan revealed that ''Aandavan Kattalai'' would be a "light-hearted entertainer that throws the spotlight on discrepancies in the passport issuing structure" and the problems common people face because of that, noting that unlike ''Kaaka Muttai'', it would be more realistic but still entertaining.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bisht |first=Akhil |date=11 May 2016 |title=M. Manikandan Opens Up About Vijay Sethupathi Starrer 'Aandavan Kattalai' |url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/m-manikandan-opens-up-about-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-aandavan-kattalai-article32570.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005125636/https://www.desimartini.com/news/tamil/m-manikandan-opens-up-about-vijay-sethupathi-starrer-aandavan-kattalai-article32570.htm |archive-date=5 October 2024 |access-date=5 October 2024 |website=[[Desimartini]] |language=en}}</ref> The film began production in early March 2016 at [[Kilpauk]], Chennai and progressed swiftly throughout the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Shooting of Andavan Kattalai begins |url=https://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=25033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924074131/https://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=25033 |archive-date=24 September 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=Live Chennai}}</ref> The final schedule was shot in a studio resembling an embassy in Chennai during May 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2016 |title='Kaaka Muttai' director M. Manikandan's next about discrepancies in issuing passports |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kaaka-muttai-director-m-manikandans-next-about-discrepancies-in-issuing-passports-2793281/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029135056/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kaaka-muttai-director-m-manikandans-next-about-discrepancies-in-issuing-passports-2793281/ |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> Filming [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] in July 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=ஆண்டவன் கட்டளையை முடித்த விஜய் சேதுபதி |trans-title=Vijay Sethupathi wraps ''Aandavan Kattalai'' |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2016/07/27155234/1028675/Vijay-Sethupathi-Aandavan-Kattalai-Shooting-Wrapped.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221103349/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2016/07/27155234/1028675/Vijay-Sethupathi-Aandavan-Kattalai-Shooting-Wrapped.vpf |archive-date=21 December 2023 |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music of ''Aandavan Kattalai'' was composed by [[K (composer)|K]]. The album was released on 12 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2016 |title='Aandavan Kattalai' album is my personal milestone, says K |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/aandavan-kattalai-album-is-my-personal-milestone-says-k-news-tamil-qkejvTcjhcajj.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207114240/http://www.sify.com/movies/aandavan-kattalai-album-is-my-personal-milestone-says-k-news-tamil-qkejvTcjhcajj.html |archive-date=7 February 2017 |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avEN8yGu4sg |title=Aandavan Kattalai – Music Box {{!}} Tamil |date=11 September 2016 |publisher=[[Sony Music India]] |access-date=19 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007015024/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avEN8yGu4sg |archive-date=7 October 2020 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> [[Karthik Srinivasan|Karthik]] of ''[[Milliblog]]'' wrote, "Aandavan Kattalai's music has a wacky appeal".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |date=13 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai (Music review), Tamil – K |url=https://milliblog.com/2016/09/13/aandavan-kattalai-music-review-tamil-k/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913035851/https://milliblog.com/2016/09/13/aandavan-kattalai-music-review-tamil-k/ |archive-date=13 September 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=[[Milliblog]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 23:32
| title1 = Vazkhai Oru Ottagam
| extra1 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| length1 = 3:57
| lyrics1 = Vivek
| title2 = Elandha Pazham
| extra2 = Yogi Sekar
| length2 = 1:43
| lyrics2 = S. Gnanakaravel
| title3 = Imsai Rani
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length3 = 3:43
| lyrics3 = Vivek
| title4 = Vaadagai Veedu
| extra4 = Jiby, Deepu, Philip, Sajan, [[K (composer)|K]]
| length4 = 2:28
| lyrics4 = S. Gnanakaravel
| title5 = Karmeghakuzhali
| extra5 = Jananie S.V
| length5 = 2:38
| title6 = 108 Thenga
| extra6 = [[K (Indian composer)|K]]
| length6 = 2:24
| lyrics6 = S. Gnanakaravel
| title7 = Gandhi Thatha
| extra7 = Darwin Guna
| length7 = 1:17
| lyrics7 = Darwin Guna
| title8 = Polambing Song
| extra8 = [[K (Indian composer)|K]]
| length8 = 2:04
| lyrics8 = Vivek
| title9 = Yaaro Petha Pillai
| extra9 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| length9 = 2:38
| lyrics9 = S. Gnanakaravel
}}

== Release ==
''Aandavan Kattalai'' was theatrically released on 23 September 2016 by Sri Green Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aandavan Kattalai – Opens on Sep 23 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/aandavan-kattalai---opens-on-sep-23-imagegallery-kollywood-qjtkJAdbidhbe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926022310/http://www.sify.com/movies/aandavan-kattalai---opens-on-sep-23-imagegallery-kollywood-qjtkJAdbidhbe.html |archive-date=26 September 2016 |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film had a lower profile release than ''[[Thodari]]'' (2016), which released on the same day, but by the first weekend, due to positive reviews and favourable [[word of mouth]], it had overtaken the less positively received ''Thodari'' in collections and also replaced its shows in several cinema halls.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Manoj Kumar |date=27 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai dominates Dhanush's Thodari at box office |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/aandavan-kattalai-dominates-dhanushs-thodari-at-box-office-3052410/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027231552/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/aandavan-kattalai-dominates-dhanushs-thodari-at-box-office-3052410/ |archive-date=27 October 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Sree Prasad |date=7 February 2017 |title=Chennai Box Office: Excellent opening for Aandavan Kattalai while Dhanush's Thodari disappoints |url=http://www.catchnews.com/regional-cinema/chennai-box-office-excellent-opening-for-aandavan-kattalai-while-dhanush-s-thodari-disappoints-regional-cinema-trade-report-1475062735.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207112721/http://www.catchnews.com/regional-cinema/chennai-box-office-excellent-opening-for-aandavan-kattalai-while-dhanush-s-thodari-disappoints-regional-cinema-trade-report-1475062735.html |archive-date=7 February 2017 |access-date=6 February 2017 |website=CatchNews.com}}</ref>

=== Critical reception ===
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] gave ''Aandavan Kattalai'' a positive review for ''[[The Hindu]]'', and noted that it was "yet another marvellous comedy of desperation from Manikandan". The critic added that "Manikandan and his writing team (Arul Chezhiyan, Anucharan) should hold classes for other Tamil filmmakers who want the story-screenplay-dialogue credit but reveal little understanding of these elements" as "everything in ''Aandavan Kattalai'' is there for a reason".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=23 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai: My dear visa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Aandavan-Kattalai-My-dear-visa/article14649325.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627072427/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/Aandavan-Kattalai-My-dear-visa/article14649325.ece |archive-date=27 June 2025 |access-date=27 June 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "Just like how Manikandan's ''Kaaka Muttai'' and ''Kutramme Thandanai'' refrained from finger-pointing and sermonising, ''Aandavan Kattalai'', too, is far from being preachy, despite involving a subject that offer plenty of targets to take pot-shots at" and gave the film a high rating of three-and-a-half out of five stars.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=23 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aandavan-Kattalai/movie-review/54482105.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928013136/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aandavan-Kattalai/movie-review/54482105.cms |archive-date=28 September 2016 |access-date=19 December 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Sreedhar Pillai wrote for ''[[Firstpost]]'', "''Aandavan Kattalai'' works largely due to its script and the situational comedy in the narration" and "the way the story unfolds and the difficult situations the hero faces is so well brought out, without taking any cinematic liberties".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai review: After Kaaka Muttai, this Manikandan film reinforces that content is king |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/aandavan-kattalai-review-after-kaaka-muttai-this-manikandan-film-reinforces-that-content-is-king-3018858.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927081946/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/aandavan-kattalai-review-after-kaaka-muttai-this-manikandan-film-reinforces-that-content-is-king-3018858.html |archive-date=27 September 2016 |access-date=19 December 2016 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> Similarly, Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' called it "a film that's not to be missed",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=24 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai movie review: A film that's not to be missed! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/240916/aandavan-kattalai-movie-review-a-film-thats-not-to-be-missed.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003165534/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/240916/aandavan-kattalai-movie-review-a-film-thats-not-to-be-missed.html |archive-date=3 October 2016 |access-date=19 December 2016 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> while ''[[Sify]]'' appreciated the film's screenplay, humour, cast performances, cinematography and editing, concluding that "''Aandavan Kattalai'' is a must watch for all the ardent movie buffs".<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2016 |title=Aandavan Kattalai review: Must watch |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/aandavan-kattalai-review-must-watch-review-tamil-qjxrrQefdhjec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426184439/http://www.sify.com/movies/aandavan-kattalai-review-must-watch-review-tamil-qjxrrQefdhjec.html |archive-date=26 April 2017 |access-date=19 December 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> S Saraswathi of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave it 4 out of 5 stating that "the director once again delivers big time with a refreshing screenplay loaded with reality and fun, some great music, delightful characters and brilliant all-round performances".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=23 September 2016 |title=Review: Andavan Kattalai is not to be missed |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-andavan-kattalai-is-not-to-be-missed/20160923.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009074819/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-andavan-kattalai-is-not-to-be-missed/20160923.htm |archive-date=9 October 2016 |access-date=19 December 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
At the [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]], Yogi Babu won the award for Best Comedy Actor, and Vinodhini Vaidyanathan won for Best Comedy Actress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2017 |title=Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards - 2016 |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/78546-ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards---2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323164539/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/78546-ananda-vikatan-cinema-awards---2016#bypass-sw |archive-date=23 March 2023 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Remakes ==
''Aandavan Kattalai'' was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[London Babulu]]'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chinnikrishna |first=B |date=17 November 2017 |title=London Babulu movie review: Rakshith is no Vijay Sethupathi but has his heart in the right place |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/london-babulu-movie-review-rakshith-is-no-vijay-sethupathi-but-has-his-heart-in-the-right-place-4214377.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213003713/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/london-babulu-movie-review-rakshith-is-no-vijay-sethupathi-but-has-his-heart-in-the-right-place-4214377.html |archive-date=13 December 2022 |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> and in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] as ''[[Shubh Yatra]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oza |first=Nandini |date=28 April 2023 |title='Shubh Yatra' review: A fun take on Gujarati 'US dream' |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2023/04/28/shubh-yatra-review-a-fun-take-on-gujarati-us-dream.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621070852/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2023/04/28/shubh-yatra-review-a-fun-take-on-gujarati-us-dream.html |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=21 June 2023 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{M. Manikandan}}

[[Category:2010s satirical films]]
[[Category:2016 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about fraud]]
[[Category:Films about illegal immigration to Europe]]
[[Category:Films about immigration to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Films about journalists]]
[[Category:Films about theatre]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Manikandan]]
[[Category:Films produced by G. N. Anbu Chezhiyan]]
[[Category:Films scored by K (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Illegal immigration to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sholay

2026-03-10T14:05:24Z

NoemiConley374: expand intro per standard format

{{short description|1975 Indian film by Ramesh Sippy}}
{{distinguish|Shola (disambiguation)}}
{{featured article}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sholay
| image = Sholay-poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ramesh Sippy]]
| producer = [[G. P. Sippy]]
| writer = [[Salim–Javed]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dharmendra]]
* [[Sanjeev Kumar]]
* [[Hema Malini]]
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
* [[Jaya Bhaduri]]
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]
}}
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography = [[Dwarka Divecha]]
| editing = [[M. S. Shinde]]
| studio = United Producers [[G. P. Sippy|Sippy Films]]
| distributor = Sippy Films
| released = {{Film date|1975|8|15|df=yes}}
| runtime = 204 minutes (Original version) 198 minutes (Theatrical version)
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|35 million|link=yes}}<ref name="budget">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4467|title=2.0 - Among The Biggest Films Ever Made In India|date=27 November 2018}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|580 million}} (India)<ref>{{cite news|title=Sholay emerges as Bollywood's most successful re-run product even after 20 years|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19950915-sholay-emerges-as-bollywoods-most-successful-re-run-product-even-after-20-years-807750-1995-09-14|work=[[India Today]]|date=15 September 1995|access-date=15 November 2017|archive-date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101010917/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sholay-emerges-as-bollywoods-most-successful-re-run-product-even-after-20-years/1/289356.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/market/ipoNews-418220-Top_10_biggest_commercial_hits_of_Amitabh_Bachchan.htm Top 10 biggest commercial hits of Amitabh Bachchan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015514/http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/market/ipoNews-418220-Top_10_biggest_commercial_hits_of_Amitabh_Bachchan.htm |date=7 November 2017 }}, ''[[Business Standard]]'', 11 October 2016</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=B-Town rewind: The tale of the first Bollywood crore|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064|access-date=16 March 2014|work=[[Mid-Day]]|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316114251/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Sumit |date=31 July 1985 |title=After series of box-office duds, Ramesh Sippy strikes back with romantic venture Saagar |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 |url-status=live |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209135521/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 |archive-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> 250 million tickets (worldwide)<ref name="indiatoday1985" />
}}

'''''Sholay''''' ({{IPA|hns|ˈɕoːleː|lang|Sholay pronunciation.ogg}}, {{translation|'Embers'}}) is a 1975 Indian [[action-adventure film]] directed by [[Ramesh Sippy]], produced by his father [[G. P. Sippy]], and written by [[Salim–Javed]]. The film follows two criminals, Veeru ([[Dharmendra]]) and Jai ([[Amitabh Bachchan]]), who are hired by a retired police officer ([[Sanjeev Kumar]]) to capture the ruthless bandit [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]] ([[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]). [[Hema Malini]] and [[Jaya Bhaduri]] also star as Veeru and Jai's love interests, Basanti and Radha, respectively. The soundtrack was composed by [[R D Burman]].

Filming took place in the rocky terrain of [[Ramanagara]], in the [[South India|southern]] state of [[Karnataka]], over two and a half years, beginning in October 1973. After the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] mandated the removal of several violent scenes, ''Sholay'' was released theatrically as a 198-minute long film. The first version of the [[director's cut]] (running at 204 minutes) became available on home media in 1990. In 2025, the fully restored Director's Cut was released worldwide as ''Sholay: The Final Cut.''

''Sholay'' is a [[Dacoit Western]] (sometimes called a "[[Curry Western]]"), combining the conventions of Indian [[dacoit film]]s with that of [[Spaghetti Western]]s along with elements of [[Samurai cinema]]. It is also a defining example of the [[masala film]], which mixes several genres in one work. Scholars have noted several themes in the film, such as [[Heroic bloodshed|glorification of violence]], conformation to [[Indian feudalism]], debate between [[social order]] and mobilised usurpers, [[homosocial]] bonding, and the film's role as a [[National personification|national allegory]].

''Sholay'' received negative critical reviews and a tepid commercial response during its initial release. However, favorable [[Word of mouth|word-of-mouth]] publicity helped it to become a box office success. It then went on to break records for continuous showings in many theatres across India, and ran for more than five years at Mumbai's Minerva theatre. The combined sales of the original soundtrack, scored by [[R. D. Burman]], and the dialogues (released separately), set new records at the time. In addition, the film's dialogue and certain characters became extremely popular, contributing to numerous cultural [[meme]]s and becoming part of India's daily [[vernacular]]. ''Sholay'' is now regarded as [[List of films considered the best#National polls|one of the greatest and most influential Indian films of all time]]. It was ranked first in the [[British Film Institute]]'s 2002 poll of "Top 10 Indian Films" of all time. In 2005, the judges of the [[50th Filmfare Awards]] named it the [[Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years|Best Film of 50 Years]]. It was also an [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|overseas success]] in the [[Soviet Union]]. ''Sholay'' was also at one point the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] ever at the time, and was the [[List of highest-grossing films in India|highest-grossing film in India]] up until ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994).

== Plot ==
===Theatrical release (1975)===
Jai and Veeru are small-time crooks who are released from prison, where they are recruited by a former [[police Inspector|Inspector]] [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Baldev Singh to capture a notorious [[dacoit]] named Gabbar Singh wanted for {{INR|50000}},{{efn|name=exchange|The exchange rate in 1975 was 8.94 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).{{sfn|Statistical Abstract of the United States|1977|p=917}}}} as the duo had saved Thakur from a train robbery, which makes Thakur recruit them for the mission with an additional {{INR|20000}} reward. The duo leaves for Thakur's village in [[Chambal (region)|Ramgarh]], where Gabbar is residing and terrorising the villagers.

After reaching Ramgarh, Veeru falls for Basanti, a feisty, talkative [[Driving (horse)|horse-cart driver]]. Jai meets Thakur's widowed daughter-in-law, Radha, and falls for her; she later reciprocates his feelings. The two thwart Gabbar's dacoits, who came to extort money and goods. Later on, the three dacoits, including Kaalia, are killed by Gabbar. During the festival of [[Holi]], Gabbar's gang attacks the villagers, where they corner Jai and Veeru, but the duo manage to attack and chase them away from the village. The duo is upset at Thakur's inaction (when Jai and Veeru were cornered, Thakur had a gun within his reach, but did not help them) and considers calling off the mission. Thakur reveals that a few years ago, Gabbar had killed his family (save for Radha and Ramlal), and had both his arms cut off; he concealed the dismemberment by always wearing a [[shawl]], the sole reason he could not use the gun.

Realising how much Thakur has suffered, Jai and Veeru take pity by taking an oath that they will capture Gabbar alive, free of charge. After learning the duo's heroics, Gabbar kills Ahmed, the local [[imam]] Rahim Chacha's son, to threaten the villagers to make Jai and Veeru surrender to him. The villagers refuse and instead get the duo to kill a few of Gabbar's henchmen in revenge for the boy's death. Gabbar angrily retaliates by having his men capture Veeru and Basanti. Jai arrives and attacks the hideout, where the trio can flee Gabbar's hideout with dacoits in pursuit. Shooting from behind a rock, Jai and Veeru nearly run out of [[ammunition]]. Unaware that Jai was wounded in the gunfight, Veeru is forced to leave for more ammunition and also to drop Basanti at a safe place.

Jai sacrifices himself by using his last bullet to ignite dynamite sticks on a bridge from close range, killing Gabbar's men. Veeru returns, and Jai dies, leaving Radha and Veeru devastated. Enraged, Veeru attacks Gabbar's den and kills his remaining men, where he catches Gabbar and nearly beats him to death. Thakur appears and reminds Veeru of the vow to hand over Gabbar alive. Thakur uses his spike-soled shoes to severely injure Gabbar and his hands. As Thakur is about to kill Gabbar, the police arrive, and the senior officer convinces Thakur to let go, explaining that he was also a police officer, whose example is legendary. Convinced, Thakur lets go, and the police arrest Gabbar for his crimes.

After Jai's funeral, Veeru decides to leave Ramgarh, with Thakur empathising with him. After boarding the train, he finds Basanti waiting for him on the train, and they both embrace each other.

=== Director's cut ===
The original [[director's cut]] has a different ending. The police do not arrive to stop Thakur. Instead, he kicks Gabbar onto a nail on one of the two poles that Gabbar had used to chain Thakur when he had cut off his arms, thus stabbing him in the back and killing him. This version also has deleted scenes that include Thakur's shoe soles getting laced with spikes, the scene in which Thakur's family is massacred, and the scene in which the imam's son is killed (all of which were originally cut by India's [[Central Board of Film Certification|Censor Board]]).{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=77–79}} The Censor Board was concerned about the violence, and that viewers may be influenced to violate the law by punishing people severely.<ref name="ending" /> Although Sippy fought to keep the scenes, he ultimately had to reshoot the ending, and as directed by the Censor Board, have the police arrive just before Thakur can kill Gabbar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prabhakar, Jyothi |date=28 April 2013 |title=Changed 'Sholay' climax because of the Censor Board: Ramesh Sippy |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Changed-Sholay-climax-because-of-the-Censor-Board-Ramesh-Sippy/articleshow/19754678.cms? |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817120148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Changed-Sholay-climax-because-of-the-Censor-Board-Ramesh-Sippy/articleshow/19754678.cms |archive-date=17 August 2015}}</ref>

The fully restored director's cut was released in 2025 as [[Sholay#Sholay:_The_Final_Cut_(2025)|''Sholay: The Final Cut'']]. It was remastered in 4K and Dolby 5.1, and theatrically reissued on 12 December 2025 globally. This release is classified at 206 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 December 2025 |title='Sholay' (15) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sholay-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmzy4odc |access-date=18 December 2025 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification|BBFC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Prior to this release, the censored, theatrical cut was the only one seen by audiences for fifteen years. Versions of the director's cut initially surfaced in 1990 via a British [[VHS]] release.<ref name="DVD" /> [[Eros International]] then released two versions on DVD: a director's cut that preserved the original full frame and is 204 minutes in length, and the censored widescreen version which ran at 198 minutes long.<ref name="Runtime" /><ref name="DVD" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2001 |title=Sholay DVD review :: zulm.net :: definitive indian dvd guide |url=http://www.zulm.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=103&mode=&order=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811131134/http://www.zulm.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=103&mode=&order=0 |archive-date=11 August 2012 |access-date=3 July 2013 |publisher=zulm.net}}</ref>{{efn|name=runtime|The [[British Board of Film Classification]] (BBFC) notes three running times: the film submission is 198 minutes; the video is 188 minutes (BBFC notes that "When a film is transferred to video, the running time will be shorter by approximately 4% due to the differing number of frames per second. This does not mean that the video version has been cut or re-edited."); and the director's cut is 204 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2012 |title=''Sholay'' |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/website/Classified.nsf/c2fb077ba3f9b33980256b4f002da32c/cde1a8bb41dd72ca8025660b0006032d?OpenDocument |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021153210/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/website/Classified.nsf/c2fb077ba3f9b33980256b4f002da32c/cde1a8bb41dd72ca8025660b0006032d?OpenDocument |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=British Board of Film Classification}}</ref>}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Dharmendra]] as Veeru
* [[Sanjeev Kumar]] as [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] Baldev Singh, a retired Police Officer
* [[Hema Malini]] as Basanti, Veeru's love interest
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Jaidev "Jai"
* [[Jaya Bhaduri]] as Radha, Thakur's daughter-in-law and Jai's love interest
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]], a wanted [[dacoit]].
* [[A. K. Hangal]] as Rahim Chacha, the [[imam]] in the village
* [[Satyen Kappu]] as Ram Lal, Thakur's servant
* [[Iftekhar]] as [[Inspector]] Khurana, Radha's Father
* [[Leela Mishra]] as Mausi, Basanti's maternal aunt
* [[Vikas Anand]] as Jailor
* [[Mac Mohan]] as Sambha, Gabbar Singh's sidekick
* [[Keshto Mukherjee]] as Hariram, prison barber and Jailor's side-kick
* [[Sachin (actor)|Sachin Pilgaonkar]] as Ahmed, son of the imam
* Master Alankar as grandson of Thakur Baldev Singh; the character's name is not mentioned in the film.
* [[Viju Khote]] as Kaalia, one of the Gabbar's men whom he kills in a game of [[Russian roulette]]
* Major Anand as unnamed, one of the Gabbar's men whom he kills in a game of Russian roulette
* Bhagwan Sinha as unnamed, one of the Gabbar's men killed by him in a game of Russian roulette
* [[Arvind Joshi]] as elder son of Thakur Baldev Singh<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sharman Joshi father Arvind Joshi workedin Amitabh Bachchan-Dharmendra Sholay |publisher=TimesNowHindi.com |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/bollywood/article/sharman-joshi-father-arvind-joshi-worked-in-amitabh-bachchan-dharmendra-sholay/290925 |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122125347/https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/bollywood/article/sharman-joshi-father-arvind-joshi-worked-in-amitabh-bachchan-dharmendra-sholay/290925 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Bhanumati as Nirmala
* Birbal as the prisoner with half shaven mustache
* [[Raj Kishore]] as a jail inmate with gayish mannerisms<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Suparno |date=6 April 2018 |title=Sholay actor Raj Kishore latest among Bollywood celebs who died in 2018 |work=International Business Times |location=India |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sholay-actor-raj-kishore-passes-away-85-766026 |url-status=live |access-date=6 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406160230/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sholay-actor-raj-kishore-passes-away-85-766026 |archive-date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Asrani]] as the [[Prison officer|Jailor]], a comical character modelled after [[Charlie Chaplin]] in ''[[The Great Dictator]]''{{sfn|Banerjee|Srivastava|1988|pp=166–169}}
* [[Gita Siddharth]] as Geeta, Thakur Baldev Singh's daughter in law<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parichay And Sholay Actor Gita Siddharth Kak Passes Away |publisher=India.com |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/parichay-and-sholay-actor-gita-siddharth-kak-passes-away-3878236/ |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014034125/https://www.india.com/entertainment/parichay-and-sholay-actor-gita-siddharth-kak-passes-away-3878236/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
* [[P. Jairaj|Jairaj]] as Police Commissioner
* [[Jagdeep]] as Soorma Bhopali, a comical wood trader
* [[Jalal Agha]] in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
* [[Om Shivpuri]] as a police officer investigating Gabbar's attack in the village.
* Sharad Kumar as Ninni, younger son of Thakur Baldev Singh<ref>{{Cite news |title=Biography: Sharad Kumar |publisher=Amazon.com |url=https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Sharad-Kumar/nm0474886/ |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022104355/https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Sharad-Kumar/nm0474886/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The screenwriter pair [[Salim–Javed]], consisting of [[Salim Khan]] and [[Javed Akhtar]], began narrating the idea for ''Sholay'' as a four-line snippet to filmmakers in 1973.<ref name="open" />{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} The idea was rejected by two producer/director teams, including directors [[Manmohan Desai]] and [[Prakash Mehra]].{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} About six months after the release of ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973),{{efn|name=Zanjeer|Salim-Javed won their first [[Filmfare Awards]] for ''Zanjeer'': [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] in [[21st Filmfare Awards|1974]].}} Salim-Javed contacted [[G. P. Sippy]] and his son [[Ramesh Sippy]],<ref name="open" /> and narrated the four-line snippet to them.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} Ramesh Sippy liked the concept of ''Sholay'' and hired them to develop it. The original idea of the film involved an army officer who decided to hire two ex-soldiers to avenge the murder of his family. The army officer was later changed to a policeman because Sippy felt that it would be difficult to get permission to shoot scenes depicting army activities. Salim-Javed completed the script in one month, incorporating names and personality traits of their friends and acquaintances.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} The film's script and dialogues are in [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]];<ref name="Cinar" /> Salim-Javed wrote the dialogues in [[Urdu script]], which was then transcribed by an assistant into [[Devanagari]] script so that Hindi readers could read the Urdu dialogues.<ref name="Akhtar" />

The film's plot was loosely styled after [[Akira Kurosawa]]'s 1954 [[samurai cinema]] film, ''[[Seven Samurai]]''.<ref name="nyt" /><ref name="rediff1" /> ''Sholay'' is a defining example of the [[Dacoit Western]] film, combining the conventions of Indian [[dacoit film]]s, especially [[Mehboob Khan]]'s ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957) and the [[Dilip Kumar]] and [[Nitin Bose]] film ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'' (1961),<ref name="Teo" /> with that of [[Western (genre)|Westerns]],<ref name="nyt" /><ref name="rediff1" /> especially [[Sergio Leone]]'s [[Spaghetti Western]]s such as ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' (1968) as well as ''[[The Magnificent Seven]]'' (1960).<ref name="rediff1" /> It also has some plot elements borrowed from the Indian films ''[[Mera Gaon Mera Desh]]'' (1971) and ''[[Khote Sikkay]]'' (1974).{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} A scene depicting an attempted train robbery was inspired by a similar scene in ''Gunga Jumna'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Tapan K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0d6GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 |title=Bollywood Baddies: Villains, Vamps and Henchmen in Hindi Cinema |date=2013 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |isbn=9788132113263 |page=55 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=0d6GAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and has also been compared to a similar scene in ''[[North West Frontier (film)|North West Frontier]]'' (1959).{{sfn|Varma|2010|pp=159–160}} A scene showing the massacre of Thakur's family has been compared with the massacre of the McBain family in ''Once Upon a Time in the West''.{{sfn|Heide|2002|p=52}} ''Sholay'' may have also been influenced by [[Sam Peckinpah]]'s Westerns, such as ''[[The Wild Bunch]]'' (1969) and ''[[Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid]]'' (1973), and [[George Roy Hill]]'s ''[[Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid]]'' (1969).<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2009 |title=Bollywood continues to lift from Hollywood scripts |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bollywood-continues-to-lift-from-hollywood-scripts-news-bollywood-kkfrNmejhbc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205195840/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood-continues-to-lift-from-hollywood-scripts-news-bollywood-kkfrNmejhbc.html |archive-date=5 December 2010 |access-date=22 December 2010 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The character [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]] was modelled on a real-life dacoit [[Gabbar Singh Gujjar]] who had menaced the villages around [[Gwalior]] in the 1950s. Any policeman captured by Gujjar had his ears and nose cut off, and was released as a warning to other policemen.{{sfn|Khan|1981|pp=88–89, 98}}{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=26}} The fictional Gabbar was also influenced by larger-than-life characters in Pakistani author [[Ibn-e-Safi]]'s [[Urdu literature|Urdu novels]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2011 |title=Urdu pulp fiction: Where Gabbar Singh and Mogambo came from |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-urdu-pulp-fiction-where-gabbar-singh-and-mogambo-came-from-1564148 |access-date=3 June 2019 |archive-date=3 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603155106/https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/review-urdu-pulp-fiction-where-gabbar-singh-and-mogambo-came-from-1564148 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dilip Kumar's dacoit character Gunga from the film ''Gunga Jumna'' who speaks with a similar mixed [[Kauravi dialect|Khariboli]] and [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] dialect,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |date=11 August 2015 |title=Shatrughan Sinha as Jai, Pran as Thakur and Danny as Gabbar? What 'Sholay' could have been |url=https://scroll.in/article/745687/shatrughan-sinha-as-jai-pran-as-thakur-and-danny-as-gabbar-what-sholay-could-have-been |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108092131/http://scroll.in/article/745687/shatrughan-sinha-as-jai-pran-as-thakur-and-danny-as-gabbar-what-sholay-could-have-been |archive-date=8 November 2015 |website=Scroll}}</ref> and villains from Sergio Leone's films.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=34}} Sippy wanted to do away with the clichéd idea of a man becoming a dacoit due to societal issues, as was the case in other films, and focused on Gabbar being an emblem of pure evil. To emphasise the point of Gabbar being a new type of villain, Sippy avoided the typical tropes of dacoits wearing [[dhoti]]s and [[Pagri (turban)|pagris]] and sporting a [[Tilaka|tika]] and worshipping "[[Bhavani|Ma Bhavani]]"; Gabbar would be wearing [[Military uniform|army fatigues]].{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=38}} The look of the character of the jailer, played by [[Asrani]] was influenced by [[Adolf Hitler]]. Javed Akhtar brought a book on [[World War II]] which had several pictures of Hitler posing to set the typical posture of the character in the film. Asrani spiced up his character with some ideas about Hitler's speech delivery he had heard from a teacher in [[Film and Television Institute of India|FTII]]. The trademark 'Ha Ha' at the end of his monologues was inspired by a similar performance by [[Jack Lemmon]] in ''[[The Great Race]]''.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=37}}{{sfn|Banerjea|2005|p=183}} Soorma Bhopali, a minor [[comic relief]] character, was based on an acquaintance of actor Jagdeep, a forest officer from [[Bhopal]] named Soorma. The real-life Soorma eventually threatened to press charges when people who had viewed the film began referring to him as a woodcutter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2013 |title=How 'Soorma Bhopali' and 'Calendar' were created! |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/how-soorma-bhopali-and-calendar-were-created/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104754/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/how-soorma-bhopali-and-calendar-were-created/ |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=24 April 2013 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> The main characters' names, Jai and Veeru, mean "victory" and "heroism" in Hindi.{{sfn|Hogan|2008|p=90}}

=== Casting ===
The producers considered [[Danny Denzongpa]] for the role of Gabbar Singh, but he could not accept it as he was committed to act in [[Feroz Khan (actor, born 1939)|Feroz Khan]]'s ''[[Dharmatma]]'' (1975), under production at the same time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 August 2008 |title=Danny Denzongpa's loss |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know-/Danny-Denzongpas-loss/articleshow/3422978.cms |access-date=26 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113081159/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/did-you-know-/Danny-Denzongpas-loss/articleshow/3422978.cms |archive-date=13 November 2014}}</ref> Amjad Khan, who was the second choice, prepared himself for the part by reading the book ''Abhishapta Chambal'', which told of the exploits of [[Chambal division|Chambal]] dacoits. The book was written by Taroon Kumar Bhaduri, the father of fellow cast member Jaya Bhaduri.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=60}} Sanjeev Kumar also wanted to play the role of Gabbar Singh, but Salim-Javed "felt he had the audience's sympathy through roles he'd done before; Gabbar had to be completely hateful."<ref name="open" />

Sippy wanted [[Shatrughan Sinha]] to play the part of Jai, but there were already several big stars signed, and Amitabh Bachchan, who was not very popular yet, lobbied hard to get the part for himself.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=22–28}} He was cast after Salim-Javed recommended him for ''Sholay'' in 1973; Bachchan's performance in their first collaboration, ''Zanjeer'', convinced Salim-Javed he was the right actor for the part.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaudhuri |first=Diptakirti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cri9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT93 |title=Written by Salim-Javed: The Story of Hindi Cinema's Greatest Screenwriters |date=2015 |publisher=[[Penguin Group]] |isbn=9789352140084 |page=93 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cri9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT93 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Salim-Javed were also impressed with Bachchan's performance in ''[[Raaste Kaa Patthar]]'' (1972), and at Bachchan's request, Dharmendra had personally put in a word for him. All these factors ensured that the role was Bachchan's.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=31}}

As cast members had read the script ahead of time, many were interested in playing different parts. [[Pran (actor)|Pran]] was considered for the role of Thakur Baldev Singh, but Sippy thought Sanjeev Kumar was a better choice.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=31–32}} Initially, Salim-Javed approached [[Dilip Kumar]] to play Thakur's role, but he turned down the offer; Dilip Kumar later said it was one of the few films he regretted turning down.<ref name="open" /> Initially, Dharmendra was also interested to play the role of Thakur. He eventually gave up the role when Sippy informed him that Sanjeev Kumar would play Veeru if that happened, and would thus be paired with Hema Malini, who Dharmendra was trying to woo. Dharmendra knew that Kumar was also interested in Malini.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=35–36}} Malini was reluctant to play the role of a ''tangewali'', more so after Sippy told her that the film belongs to Sanjeev Kumar and Amjad Khan, but she trusted Sippy to give her a meaty role, given that he had played a huge role in essaying her stardom through their previous collaborations.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=30}}

During the film's production, four of the leads became romantically involved.<ref name="rediff1" /> Bachchan married Bhaduri four months before filming started. This led to shooting delays when Bhaduri became pregnant with their daughter [[Shweta Bachchan Nanda|Shweta]]. By the time the film released, she was pregnant with their son [[Abhishek Bachchan|Abhishek]]. Dharmendra had begun courting Malini during their earlier film ''[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]'' (1972), also directed by Sippy, and used the location shoot of ''Sholay'' to further pursue her. During their romantic scenes, Dharmendra would often pay the light boys to spoil the shot, thereby ensuring many retakes which would allow him to spend more time with her. The couple married five years after the film's release.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=91–105}}

=== Filming ===
[[File:Ramdevarabetta.jpg|thumb|Ramdevarabetta, near the town of [[Ramanagara]]; much of ''Sholay'' was shot in rocky locations such as this.|alt=A rocky outcrop such as those used in filming Sholay]]

Much of ''Sholay'' was shot in the rocky terrain of [[Ramanagara]], a town near [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prabhu |first=Nagesh |date=29 August 2019 |title=The hills around Bengaluru are alive with the sound of tourists |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/the-hills-around-bengaluru-are-alive-with-the-sound-of-tourists/article29292458.ece |access-date=3 February 2020 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203014051/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/the-hills-around-bengaluru-are-alive-with-the-sound-of-tourists/article29292458.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2007 |title=Ramgarh of Sholay to become district |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Ramgarh-of-Sholay-to-become-district/articleshow/2140172.cms? |url-status=live |access-date=23 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013005634/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Ramgarh-of-Sholay-to-become-district/articleshow/2140172.cms |archive-date=13 October 2015}}</ref> The filmmakers had to build a road from the Bangalore highway to Ramanagara for convenient access to the sets.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=45}} Art director Ram Yedekar had an entire township built on the site. A prison set was constructed near [[Rajkamal Studios]] in [[Bombay]], also outdoors, to match the natural lighting of the on-location sets.{{sfn|Roy|2003|p=225}} One part of Ramanagara was for a time called "Sippy Nagar" as a tribute to the director of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 1999 |title='We are not remaking ''Sholay''...' |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/30sholay.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021153903/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1999/dec/30sholay.htm |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=20 April 2013 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> {{As of|2010}}, a visit to the "Sholay rocks" (where much of the film was shot) was still being offered to tourists travelling through Ramanagara.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mekkad |first=Salil |date=19 June 2010 |title=Sholay ka Ramgarh |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/sholay-ka-ramgarh/story-wFY6D54CpoRCtuqPKhk2LL.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005114908/http://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/sholay-ka-ramgarh/story-wFY6D54CpoRCtuqPKhk2LL.html |archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref>

Filming began on location on 3 October 1973, with a scene featuring Bachchan and Bhaduri.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=64}} The film had a lavish production for its time (with frequent banquets and parties for the cast),{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=66–67}} took two and a half years to make, and went over budget. One reason for its high cost was that Sippy re-filmed scenes many times to get his desired effect. "Yeh Dosti", a 5-minute song sequence, took 21 days to shoot, two short scenes in which Radha lights lamps took 20 days to film because of lighting problems, and the shooting of the scene in which Gabbar kills the imam's son lasted 19 days.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=77–79}} The train robbery sequence, shot on the [[Mumbai–Pune Shatabdi Express|Bombay–Poona railway]] route near [[Panvel]], took more than 7 weeks to complete.<ref>{{Cite news |last=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=4 August 2010 |title=Sholay continues to smoulder |work=Pune Mirror |url=http://punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=20100804201008040006534547ec622a7&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |access-date=6 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311160806/http://punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=2&contentid=20100804201008040006534547ec622a7&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |archive-date=11 March 2012}}</ref>

''Sholay'' was the first Indian film to have a [[Stereophonic sound|stereophonic]] soundtrack and to use the [[70 mm film|70 mm]] [[widescreen]] format.<ref name="ndtv" /> However, since actual 70 mm cameras were expensive at the time, the film was shot on traditional [[35 mm movie film|35 mm film]] and the [[4:3|4:3 picture]] was subsequently converted to a 2.2:1 frame.<ref name="DVD" /> Regarding the process, Sippy said, "A 70 mm ''[sic]'' format takes the awe of the big screen and magnifies it even more to make the picture even bigger, but since I also wanted a spread of sound we used six-track stereophonic sound and combined it with the big screen. It was definitely a differentiator."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavendra |first=Nandini |date=10 April 2010 |title=3D effect: Back to 70 mm screens? |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/3d-effect-back-to-70mm-screens/articleshow/5780184.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213005654/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/3d-effect-back-to-70mm-screens/articleshow/5780184.cms |archive-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> The use of 70 mm was emphasised by film posters on which the name of the film was stylised to match the [[CinemaScope]] logo. Film posters also sought to differentiate the film from those which had come before; one of them added the [[tagline]]: "The greatest star cast ever assembled – the greatest story ever told".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mazumdar, Ranjani |title=The Man Who Was Seen Too Much: Amitabh Bachchan on Film Posters (The Poster As Preview) |url=http://www.tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/essay/106/index_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512142358/http://www.tasveergharindia.net/cmsdesk/essay/106/index_1.html |archive-date=12 May 2015 |access-date=9 May 2013 |publisher=Tasveer Ghar}}</ref>

== Themes and interpretations ==
Scholars have noted several themes in the film, such as [[Heroic bloodshed|glorification of violence]], conformation to [[Indian feudalism|feudal ethos]], debate between [[social order]] and mobilised usurpers, [[Homosociality|homosocial]] bonding, and the film's role as a [[National personification|national allegory]].<ref>For glorification of violence, see Wimal Dissanayake, Malti Sahai, ''Sholay: A Cultural Reading (Delhi: Wiley Eastern, 1992)'', 115-19. {{ISBN|8122403948}}; for feudal ethos, see Hrishikesh Ingle, "Regionalist Disjuncture in Bollywood", in Vikrant Kishore et al., eds., ''Salaam Bollywood: Representations and interpretations'' (London: Routledge, 2016), 202. {{ISBN|1317232852}}; on social order/disorder, see Dissanayake, "The Concepts of Evil and Social Order in Indian Melodrama: An Evolving Dialect", in ''Melodrama and Asian Cinema'', ed. Dissanayake (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993); on homosocial bonding, Dinah Holtzman, "Between ''Yaars'': The Queering of ''Dost'' in Contemporary Bollywood Films", in Rini Bhattacharya et al., eds., ''Bollywood and Globalization: Indian Popular Cinema, Nation, and Diaspora'' (London: Anthem Press, 2011), 118-22. {{ISBN|0857288970}}; as national allegory, John Hutnyk, ''Global South Asia on Screen'' (NY: Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2018), 206. {{ISBN|1501324985}}.</ref>

Koushik Banerjea, a sociologist in the [[London School of Economics]], notes that ''Sholay'' exhibits a "sympathetic construction of 'rogue' [[masculinity]]" exemplified by the likeable [[outlaw]]s Jai and Veeru.{{sfn|Banerjea|2005|p=164}} Banerjea argues during the film, the moral boundary between [[legality]] and [[Crime|criminality]] gradually erodes.{{sfn|Banerjea|2005|pp=177–179}} Film scholar Wimal Dissanayake agrees that the film brought "a new stage in the evolving dialectic between violence and social order" to Indian cinema.{{sfn|Dissanayake|1993|p=199}} Film scholar M. Madhava Prasad states that Jai and Veeru represent a [[Social exclusion|marginalised]] population that is introduced into conventional society.{{sfn|Prasad|1998|pp=156–160}} Prasad says that, through the elements of revenge included in the plot and the application of Jai and Veeru's criminality for the greater good, the narrative reflects reactionary politics, and the audience is compelled to accept [[Feudalism|feudal order]].{{sfn|Prasad|1998|pp=156–160}} Banerjea explains that though Jai and Veeru are [[Mercenary|mercenaries]], they are humanised by their emotional needs. Such dualism makes them vulnerable, in contrast to the pure evil of [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]].{{sfn|Banerjea|2005|pp=177–179}}

Gabbar Singh, the film's antagonist, was well received by the audience, despite his pervasive sadistic cruelty.{{sfn|Dissanayake|1993|p=199}} Dissanayake explains that the audience was fascinated by the dialogues and mannerisms of the character, and this element of spectacle outweighed his actions, a first for Indian melodrama.{{sfn|Dissanayake|1993|p=199}} He notes that the picturisation of violence in the film was glamourised and uninhibited.{{sfn|Dissanayake|1993|p=200}} He further notes that, unlike earlier melodramas in which the [[Male gaze|female body occupies the audience's attention]] as an object of male fetish, in ''Sholay'', the male body becomes the centrepiece. It becomes the battleground where [[good and evil]] compete for supremacy.{{sfn|Dissanayake|1993|p=200}} Dissanayake argues that ''Sholay'' can be viewed as a national allegory: it lacks a comforting logical narrative, it shows social stability being repeatedly challenged, and it shows the devaluation of human life resulting from a lack of emotions. Taken together, these elements comprise the allegorical representation of India.{{sfn|Dissanayake|1993|p=201}} The narrative style of ''Sholay'', with its violence, revenge, and [[vigilante]] action, is occasionally compared by scholars to the political unrest in India at the time of its release. This tension culminated in [[the Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] ([[rule by decree]]) declared by prime minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1975.{{sfnm|1a1=Hayward|1y=2006|1pp=63–64|2a1=Holtzman|2y=2011|2p=118}}

Dissanayeke and Sahai note that, although the film was influenced by the [[Western film|Hollywood Western genre]], particularly in its visuals, it was successfully "Indianised".{{sfnm|1a1=Dissanayake|1a2=Sahai|1y=1992|1p=125|2a1=Dissanayake|2y=1993|2p=197}} As an example, William van der Heide has compared a massacre scene in ''Sholay'' with a similar scene in ''Once Upon a Time in the West''. Although both films were similar in technical style, ''Sholay'' emphasised Indian family values and melodramatic tradition, while the Western was more materialistic and restrained in its approach.{{sfn|Heide|2002|p=52}} [[Maithili Rao]], in ''Encyclopedia of Hindi Cinema'', notes that ''Sholay'' infuses the style of the Western genre into a "feudalistic ethos".{{sfn|Rao|2003|p=95}} Ted Shen of the ''[[Chicago Reader]]'' notes ''Sholay''{{'}}s "hysterical visual style" and intermittent "populist message".<ref name="shen chic reader" /> Cultural critic and Islamic scholar [[Ziauddin Sardar]] lampoons the film in his book ''The Secret Politics of Our Desires: Innocence, Culpability and Indian Popular Cinema'', both for its caricature and stereotyping of Muslim and women characters, and for what he calls mockery of innocent villagers.{{sfn|Sardar|1998|pp=48–49}} Sardar notes that the two most prominent Muslim characters in the film are Soorma Bhopali (a buffoonish criminal), and an impotent victim of the bandits (the imam). Meanwhile, the sole function of one female character (Radha) is to suffer her fate in silence, while the other female lead (Basanti) is just a garrulous village belle.{{sfn|Sardar|1998|pp=48–49}}

Some scholars have indicated that ''Sholay'' contains [[Homosociality|homosocial]] themes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gopinath |first=G. |year=2000 |title=Queering Bollywood |journal=Journal of Homosexuality |volume=39 |issue=3–4 |pages=283–297 |doi=10.1300/J082v39n03_13 |pmid=11133137 |s2cid=24260497}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anjaria |first=U. |year=2012 |title='Relationships which have no name': Family and sexuality in 1970s popular film |journal=South Asian Popular Culture |volume=10 |pages=23–35 |doi=10.1080/14746689.2012.655103 |s2cid=145145328}}</ref> Ted Shen describes the male bonding shown in the film as bordering on [[Camp (style)|camp style]].<ref name="shen chic reader" /> Dina Holtzman, in her book ''Bollywood and Globalization: Indian Popular Cinema, Nation, and Diaspora'', states that the death of Jai, and resultant break of bonding between the two male leads, is necessary for the sake of establishing a [[Normativity|normative]] [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] relationship (that of Veeru and Basanti).{{sfn|Holtzman|2011|pp=111–113}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sholay
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|1975}}
| recorded =1975
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Bollywood music]]
* [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
}}
| length = {{Duration|m=28|s=59}}
| label = [[Universal Music India]] [[Polydor Records]]
| producer = [[R. D. Burman]]
| prev_title =[[Kala Sona]]
| prev_year =1975
| next_title =[[Dharam Karam]]
| next_year = 1975
}}
[[R. D. Burman]] composed the film's music, and the lyrics were written by [[Anand Bakshi]]. The songs used in the film, and released on the original soundtrack are listed below.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1975 |title=Sholay (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/sholay-original-motion-picture/182708988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616161449/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/sholay-original-motion-picture/id182708988 |archive-date=16 June 2014 |access-date=23 April 2013 |publisher=[[iTunes Store]]}}</ref> Following that is a list of unused tracks and dialogues which were released later on an updated soundtrack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sholay (Indian Film Soundtrack) |url=https://www.amazon.com/Sholay-Indian-Soundtrack-Amitabh-Bachchan/dp/B0014KWOX6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223142052/http://www.amazon.com/Sholay-Indian-Soundtrack-Amitabh-Bachchan/dp/B0014KWOX6 |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=23 April 2013 |website=Amazon}}</ref>

[[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Manna Dey]] performed vocals for Dharmendra, Malini and Bachchan, respectively.

The song "Mehbooba Mehbooba" was sung by its composer, R. D. Burman, who received his sole [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer#1970s|Filmfare Award nomination for playback singing]] for his effort. The song, which is often featured on Bollywood hit song compilations,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best of Bollywood |url=https://www.amazon.com/Best-Bollywood-Various-Artists/dp/B0000931PU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121041851/https://www.amazon.com/Best-Bollywood-Various-Artists/dp/B0000931PU |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=22 December 2010 |website=Amazon}}</ref> is based on "Say You Love Me" by Greek singer [[Demis Roussos]].{{sfn|Varma|2010|pp=159–160}}

"Mehbooba Mehbooba" has been extensively anthologised, remixed, and recreated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sholay |url=http://www.desiclub.com/bollywood/sndtrk_reviews/sndtrk_review.cfm?id=116 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021151955/http://www.desiclub.com/bollywood/sndtrk_reviews/sndtrk_review.cfm?id=116 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=11 September 2006 |publisher=Desiclub}}</ref> A version was created in 2005 by the [[Kronos Quartet]] for their [[Grammy Awards|Grammy]]-nominated album ''[[You've Stolen My Heart]]'', featuring [[Asha Bhosle]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dye |first=David |date=5 October 2005 |title=Kronos Quartet's ''Stolen Heart'' with Asha Bhosle |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4946448 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126154057/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4946448 |archive-date=26 November 2010 |access-date=18 December 2010 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> It was also remixed and sung by [[Himesh Reshammiya]], along with Bhosle, in his debut acting film ''[[Aap Kaa Surroor (film)|Aap Kaa Surroor]]'' (2007). "Yeh Dosti" has been called the ultimate friendship anthem.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 July 2011 |title=A journey of friendship. |work=[[The Mercury (South Africa)|The Mercury]] |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-273006124.html |url-status=dead |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105225429/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-273006124.html |archive-date=5 November 2013 |quote=The song Yeh Dosti (This Friendship) glorified male bonding and is, even today, viewed as the ultimate friendship anthem.}} {{link note|note=Partial story rendition from HighBeam.com archive.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kassam, Farzaneh Janasheen |date=4 April 2008 |title=BOLLY beats |work=[[Eastern Eye]] |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1473332191.html |url-status=dead |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105225426/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1473332191.html |archive-date=5 November 2013 |quote=And who can forget the song Yeh Dosti, which is the ultimate homage to friendship?}} {{link note|note=Partial story rendition from HighBeam.com archive.}}</ref> It was remixed and sung by [[Shankar Mahadevan]] and [[Udit Narayan]] for the 2010 Malayalam film ''[[Four Friends (2010 film)|Four Friends]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Padma |first=Reshmi |date=28 October 2010 |title=Kamal Haasan is the highlight of Four Friends |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/28/slide-show-1-south-saji-surendran-on-four-friends.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113005858/http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/oct/28/slide-show-1-south-saji-surendran-on-four-friends.htm |archive-date=13 January 2012 |access-date=24 February 2012 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref> and also in 2010 it was used to symbolise India's friendship with the United States during a visit from President [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 November 2010 |title=Sholay's 'ye dosti...' number for Obama at President's banquet |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sholays-ye-dosti-number-for-Obama-at-Presidents-banquet/articleshow/6890880.cms |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111104128/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sholays-ye-dosti-number-for-Obama-at-Presidents-banquet/articleshow/6890880.cms |archive-date=11 November 2010}}</ref>

Several songs from the soundtrack made it to the annual ''[[Binaca Geetmala]]'' list of top [[filmi]] songs. "Mehbooba Mehooba" was listed at No. 24 on the [[Binaca Geetmala annual list 1975|1975 list]], and at No. 6 on the [[Binaca Geetmala annual list 1976|1976 list]]. "Koi Haseena" was listed at No. 30 in 1975, and No. 20 in 1976. "Yeh Dosti" was listed at No. 9 in 1976.{{sfn|Morcom|2007|p=209}} Despite the soundtrack's success, at the time, the songs from ''Sholay'' attracted less attention than the film's dialogue—a rarity for Hindi language films. The producers were thus prompted to release records with only dialogue.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=170}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miglani |first=Surendra |date=17 July 2005 |title=Lines that linger |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050717/spectrum/main6.htm |url-status=live |access-date=14 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605215537/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050717/spectrum/main6.htm |archive-date=5 June 2011}}</ref> Taken together, the album sales reached an unprecedented 500,000 units.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=180}} By 1979, the soundtrack went [[Indian Music Industry|Platinum]]<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1979 |title=Sûrya India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUvoAAAAMAAJ |journal=Sûrya India |publisher=A. Anand. |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=61 |quote=Six years after the movie was released, 'Sholay' is still going strong. Polydor records has won a platinum disc for the sale of the 'Sholay' record — the first time such a disc has been awarded in the 75- year-old history of the Indian record industry. |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819145853/https://books.google.com/books?id=MUvoAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> (equivalent to 1{{nbsp}}million sales at the time),<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=18 July 1981 |title=International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |publisher=[[Nielsen Business Media]] |volume=93 |issue=28 |page=69 |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819211107/https://books.google.com/books?id=rSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69 |url-status=live }}</ref> becoming one of the top-selling [[Bollywood soundtrack]]s of the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music Hits 1970–1979 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215081540/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5&PHPSESSID=108b9056cd4ca14236f9c6119d34dcce |archive-date=15 February 2008 |access-date=2 September 2013 |publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

Music critic Oli Marlow reviewed the soundtrack in 2013, calling it a unique fusion of religious, folk, and classical music, with influences from around the world. He also commented on the sound design of the film, calling it psychedelic, and saying that there was "a lot of incredible incidental music" in the film that was not included in the soundtrack releases.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marlow, Oli |date=14 January 2013 |title=Vouch: Geiom on RD Burman's Sholay |url=http://www.sonicrouter.com/2013/01/vouch-geiom-on-rd-burmans-sholay/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730093512/http://www.sonicrouter.com/2013/01/vouch-geiom-on-rd-burmans-sholay/ |archive-date=30 July 2013 |access-date=13 June 2013 |publisher=The Sonic Router}}</ref> In a 1999 paper submitted to London's Symposium on Sound in Cinema, film critic Shoma A. Chatterji said, "''Sholay'' offers a model lesson on how sound can be used to signify the terror a character evokes. ''Sholay'' is also exemplary in its use of soundmatching to jump cut to a different scene and time, without breaking the continuity of the narrative, yet, intensifying the drama."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterji, Shoma A. |date=15 April 1999 |title=The Culture-specific Use of Sound in Indian Cinema |url=http://www.filmsound.org/india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606223140/http://filmsound.org/india/ |archive-date=6 June 2013 |access-date=13 June 2013 |publisher=FilmSound.org}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Title Music (Sholay) | note1 = [[Instrumental]] | length1 = 02:46
| title2 = Yeh Dosti | extra2 = [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Manna Dey]] | length2 = 05:21
| title3 = Haa Jab Tak Hai Jaan | extra3 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]] | length3 = 05:26
| title4 = Koi Haseena | extra4 = Kishore Kumar and [[Hema Malini]] | length4 = 04:00
| title5 = Holi Ke Din | extra5 = Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar | length5 = 05:42
| title6 = Mehbooba Mehbooba | extra6 = R. D. Burman | length6 = 03:54
| title7 = Yeh Dosti | note7 = sad version | extra7 = Kishore Kumar | length7 = 01:49
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Bonus tracks — Released later
| extra_column = Singers / Speakers
| title8 = Ke Chand Sa Koi Chehra | note8 = [[Qawwali]] | extra8 = Kishore Kumar, Manna Dey, [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]], [[Anand Bakshi]] | length8 = {{dash}}
| title9 = Veeru Ki Sagai | note9 = dialogues | extra9 = Hema Malini, Dharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan | length9 = {{dash}}
| title10 = Gabbar Singh | note10 = dialogues | extra10 = Amjad Khan, Sanjeev Kumar, Dharmendra | length10 = {{dash}}
}}

== Release ==
=== Box office ===
''Sholay'' was released on 15 August 1975, [[Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]], in Bombay. Due to lackluster reviews and a lack of effective visual marketing tools, it saw poor financial returns in its first two weeks. From the third week, however, viewership picked up owing to positive [[word of mouth]].{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=169}} During the initial slow period, the director and writer considered re-shooting some scenes so that Amitabh Bachchan's character would not die. When business picked up, they abandoned this idea.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=164}} After being helped additionally by a soundtrack release containing dialogue snippets,{{sfn|Banerjea|2005|pp=177–179}} ''Sholay'' soon became an "overnight sensation".<ref name="ndtv" /> The film was then released in other distribution zones such as [[Delhi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[West Bengal|Bengal]], and [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]] on 11 October 1975.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=173}} It became the highest-grossing [[Hindi film|Hindi language film]] of 1975, and film ranking website [[Box Office India]] has given the film a verdict of ''All Time Blockbuster''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office 1975 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ== |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020122136/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ%3D%3D |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=12 October 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>

''Sholay'' went on to earn a still-standing record of 60 golden jubilees{{efn|A golden jubilee means that a film has completed 50 consecutive weeks of showing in a single theatre.}} across India,<ref name="ndtv" /> and was the first film in India to celebrate a silver jubilee{{efn|A silver jubilee means that a film has completed 25 consecutive weeks of showing in a single theatre.}} at over 100 theatres.<ref name="ndtv" /> It was shown continuously at Bombay's Minerva theatre for over five years.<ref name="nyt" /> ''Sholay'' was the Indian film with the longest theatrical run until ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' (1995) broke its record of 286 weeks in 2001.{{sfn|Elliott|Payne|Ploesch|2007 |p=54}}<ref name="telegraph" />

According to Box Office India, ''Sholay'' earned about {{INR|150 million|link=yes}} in net income{{efn|name=nettgross|According to the website Box Office India, film tickets are subject to "[[entertainment tax]]" in India, and this tax is added to the ticket price at the box office window of theatres. The amount of this tax is variable among [[States and territories of India|states]]. "Nett gross figures are always after this tax has been deducted while gross figures are before this tax has been deducted." Although since 2003, the entertainment tax rate has significantly decreased; as of 2010, gross earnings can be 30–35% higher than net gross, depending on the states where the film is released.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office in India Explained |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=315&catName=UmVhZCBNb3Jl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020180004/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=315&catName=UmVhZCBNb3Jl |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=14 May 2013 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>}} (valued at about US$16,778,000 in 1975){{efn|name=exchange}} in India during its first run, which was many times its {{INR|link=Indian rupee}}35 million budget.<ref name="Boi70s" /><ref name="budget"/> Those earnings in India were a record that remained unbroken for nineteen years, which is also the longest amount of time that a film has held [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Highest-grossing films by year|the record]] for being the highest grossing film in India. Its original gross was increased further with re-releases during the late 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Inflation Figures – BOI |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=323&catName=QWJvdXQgSW5mbGF0aW9uIERhdGE= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106184319/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=323&catName=QWJvdXQgSW5mbGF0aW9uIERhdGE%3D |archive-date=6 January 2014 |access-date=24 February 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> The film's total gross revenue in India amounted to {{INR|350 million}}<ref name="indiatoday" />{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=139|loc=Epilogue: ''Yaah Rakkhunga, Tujhe Yaad Rakkunga''}} ({{US$|39.15 million|long=no}}).{{efn|name=exchange}} Box Office India estimates the film's total footfalls in India as over 100{{nbsp}}million tickets sold.<ref name="footfalls" /> The film was also an [[List of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets|overseas success]] in the [[Soviet Union]], where it was released in 1979.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rajagopalan |first=Sudha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpoLAQAAMAAJ |title=Indian Films in Soviet Cinemas: The Culture of Movie-going After Stalin |date=2005 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |isbn=978-0-253-22099-8 |page=191 |quote=One of his films, screened successfully in the Soviet Union, was Sholay. Sholay (Embers/Mesf i zakon; 1979), made in 1975, is an adventure film and 'India's best-known "curry" western patterned on Italian westerns'. |access-date=25 January 2019 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626205210/https://books.google.com/books?id=cpoLAQAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film sold 48.4{{nbsp}}million tickets during its initial run at the [[List of Soviet films of the year by ticket sales|Soviet box office]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2011 |title=Афиша Воздух: "Месть и закон" |work=[[Afisha]] |url=https://daily.afisha.ru/archive/vozduh/archive/gorelov-sholay/ |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172357/https://daily.afisha.ru/archive/vozduh/archive/gorelov-sholay/ |url-status=live }}</ref> before eventually selling 60{{nbsp}}million tickets including re-runs.<ref name="soviet" /> The film was also released in China, as two parts in 1988.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 April 2018 |title=印度片現在這麼火也不是沒有原因的 |work=Xuehua |url=https://www.xuehua.us/2018/04/07/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%89%87%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%99%E4%B9%88%E7%81%AB%E4%B9%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E5%86%B7%E9%97%A8/zh-tw/ |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-date=6 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506110618/https://www.xuehua.us/a/5eb6092386ec4d433b2c89ea?lang=zh-tw |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing Indian film]] ever up until ''[[Disco Dancer]]'' (1982),<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 July 2018 |title=From Dangal to Sanju! Top 10 films that crossed the Rs 200 crore mark fastest |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/from-dangal-to-sanju-top-10-films-crossed-rs-200-crore-mark-fastest/story/279979.html |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173256/https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/from-dangal-to-sanju-top-10-films-crossed-rs-200-crore-mark-fastest/story/279979.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[List of highest-grossing films in India|highest-grossing film in India]] up until ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994).<ref name="indiatoday" /> In 1985, ''[[India Today]]'' estimated that the film drew a total audience of 250{{nbsp}}million over the years,<ref name="indiatoday1985">{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Sumit |date=31 July 1985 |title=After series of box-office duds, Ramesh Sippy strikes back with romantic venture Saagar |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 |access-date=7 February 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209135521/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19850731-after-series-of-box-office-duds-ramesh-sippy-strikes-back-with-romantic-venture-saagar-770238-2013-12-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> which is comparable to the [[List of films by box office admissions|number of tickets sold]] by some of the world's [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing films of all time]] adjusted for inflation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Records |first=Guinness World |url=https://archive.org/details/GuinnessWorldRecords2015/page/n161 |title=Guinness World Records |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-908843-70-8 |edition=2015 |volume=60 |pages=160–161|publisher=Guinness World Records }}</ref> It is often cited that, after adjusting the figures for inflation, ''Sholay'' remains one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian films|highest-grossing films]] in the history of Indian cinema, although such figures are not known with certainty.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Biggest Blockbusters Ever In Hindi Cinema |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=350 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014214254/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=350 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=13 April 2013 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> Box Office India estimated {{INR|1.63 billion}} as ''Sholay''{{'}}s adjusted domestic net income in 2008,{{efn|name=nettgross|}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Earners 1970–1979 – BOI |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118030716/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |archive-date=18 January 2008 |access-date=24 February 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> while ''[[Times of India]]'' estimated over {{INR|3 billion}} as the adjusted domestic gross in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kazmi |first=Nikhat |date=12 January 2009 |title=Sholay adjusted gross |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Box-Office-With-Rs-200cr-in-kitty-Ghajini-rewrites-records/articleshow/3965713.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430071524/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Box-Office-With-Rs-200cr-in-kitty-Ghajini-rewrites-records/articleshow/3965713.cms |archive-date=30 April 2014}}</ref> ''[[Mid-Day]]'' estimated the film's total adjusted gross as {{INR|15 billion}} ({{US$|{{To USD|15000|IND|year=2014|round=yes}} million|long=no}}) in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |title=B-Town rewind: The tale of the first Bollywood crore |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064 |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316114251/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/b-town-rewind-the-tale-of-the-first-bollywood-crore/15162064 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 3D re-release (2013) ===
Filmmaker [[Ketan Mehta]]'s company Maya Digital was responsible for converting ''Sholay'' into the [[Stereoscopic 3D|3D]] format.<ref name="3D" /> Mehta was approached by G. P. Sippy's grandson, Sasha Sippy, about the project in 2010.<ref name="3D" /> In March 2012, Shaan Uttam Singh, the grandson of producer G. P. Sippy, said that he would sponsor a conversion of the film to 3D, and release it in late 2012;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Renu |date=31 March 2012 |title=Sholay 3D to release on Aug 15 |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sholay-3D-to-release-on-Aug-15/articleshow/12479722.cms |url-status=live |access-date=31 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402041653/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sholay-3D-to-release-on-Aug-15/articleshow/12479722.cms |archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> this was later postponed to late 2013,<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2013 |title='Sholay 3D' to release on Amitabh Bachchan's 71st birthday? |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/sholay-3d-to-release-on-big-bs-71st-birthday-630900.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508200023/http://www.news18.com/news/india/sholay-3d-to-release-on-big-bs-71st-birthday-630900.html |archive-date=8 May 2016 |access-date=7 December 2013 |website=News18}}</ref> and eventually finalised for 3 January 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 November 2013 |title='Sholay 3D' finally up for release in the first week of 2014 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/-Sholay-3D--finally-up-for-release-in-the-first-week-of-2014-239108 |access-date=9 November 2013 |archive-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009032305/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/-Sholay-3D--finally-up-for-release-in-the-first-week-of-2014-239108 |url-status=live }}</ref> It took {{INRConvert|250|m}} to convert ''Sholay'' to 3D.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2013 |title=Rs 25 crore spent on Sholay 3D |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rs-25-crore-spent-on-sholay-3d-443612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113200519/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/rs-25-crore-spent-on-sholay-3d-443612 |archive-date=13 November 2013 |access-date=19 November 2013 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref>

Under the leadership of computer animator Frank Foster, 350 people worked to convert the film into the digital 3D format, for which every scene had to be individually [[Film preservation|restored]], colour-corrected, and re-composited in 3D to match the depth.{{efn|The 3D version of the film has a run-time of 198 minutes, and the original shots were of standard film frame rate, i.e., 24 frames per second; therefore, this version has {{formatnum:285120}} frames, which were digitised, upscaled to High Definition (HD), and element-mapped.<ref name="screens" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Coutinho, Natasha |date=25 November 2013 |title=Sholay 3D was a tough challenge |url=http://www.asianage.com/bollywood/sholay-3d-was-tough-challenge-600 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211104844/http://www.asianage.com/bollywood/sholay-3d-was-tough-challenge-600 |archive-date=11 December 2013 |access-date=7 December 2013 |publisher=[[The Asian Age]]}}</ref> }}<ref name="3D" /> New set-pieces, particularly those suited to the new format were also included, such as digital logs which scatter in the direction of the camera during the first half when the train collides with them, the gunshot scene which frees Jai and Veeru from their handcuffs, and [[Panorama|panoramic]] views of Gabbar's hideout in the caves.<ref name="3D" />

The theatrical trailer and release date were unveiled by the original script-writers Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2013 |title='Sholay 3D' trailer unvieled [sic] & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sholay-3d-trailer-unvieled-1915213 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011124137/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sholay-3d-trailer-unvieled-1915213 |archive-date=11 October 2015 |access-date=7 June 2015 |publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]}}</ref> The two original leads, Bachchan and Dharmendra, were also involved in promoting the re-release.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mangaokar, Shalvi |date=22 October 2013 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Dharmendra set to promote Sholay 3D |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-dharmendra-set-to-promote-sholay-3d/story-cfY7Yb5Ph2Uw9NHV3TioiK.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005112321/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/amitabh-bachchan-dharmendra-set-to-promote-sholay-3d/story-cfY7Yb5Ph2Uw9NHV3TioiK.html |archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref>

The film was released in 1,000 screens in India and additional screens overseas.<ref name="screens" /> It earned approximately {{INRConvert|13|c}} during its re-release, becoming the [[List of highest-grossing re-released Indian films|third highest-grossing re-released Indian film of all time]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2014 |title=Sholay (Re-Run) Second Week Collection Details |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/sholay_re-run_second_week_collection_details |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201202515/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/sholay_re-run_second_week_collection_details |archive-date=1 February 2014 |access-date=23 January 2014 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2024 |title=Tumbbad becomes the highest-grossing re-release in India in 14 years |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-tumbbad-becomes-the-highest-grossing-re-release-in-india-in-14-years-761680 |access-date=11 January 2025 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref>

=== ''Sholay: The Final Cut'' (2025) ===
In 2022, Sippy Films collaborated with the [[Film Heritage Foundation]] and L’Immagine Ritrovata for a full restoration in correlation with the film's fiftieth anniversary. Due to significant damage to the original camera negative resulting from severe [[vinegar syndrome]], the restoration utilised an interpositive and two color reversal intermediates located at Iron Mountain and the [[British Film Institute|BFI]] in the UK, a second interpositive from 1978 deposited by Shehzad Sippy to FHF, and the original sound negative and magnetic elements housed in Sippy Films' Mumbai offices. The film was also restored in 4K to its original 70mm aspect ratio of 2.2:1 with assistance from Kamlakar Rao and incorporates the original uncut ending, along with two previously excised scenes that were removed by censors in 1975.<ref name=Bologna/>

The fully restored, uncut version (including Sippy's original ending) was released worldwide as ''Sholay: The Final Cut''.<ref name=Variety>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/sholay-trailer-50th-anniversary-release-1236600849/ |title=‘Sholay: The Final Cut’ Trailer Unveiled Ahead of Golden Anniversary Release (EXCLUSIVE) |access-date=14 December 2025 |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=4 December 2025 |work=Variety}}</ref> It premiered at [[Il Cinema Ritrovato]] on 27 June 2025,<ref name=Bologna>{{cite web |title=Sholay (1975, Embers) restored by Film Heritage Foundation with the original ending and deleted scenes had a grand premiere at the Il Cinema Ritrovato Festival in Bologna this June |url=https://filmheritagefoundation.co.in/sholay-1975-embers-restored-by-film-heritage-foundation/ |website=Film Heritage Foundation |date=16 June 2025}}</ref><ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg8m9z5vv8o|title=Sholay: Bollywood epic roars back to big screen after 50 years with new ending|access-date=14 December 2025|last=Tilak|first=Sudha|date=25 June 2025|work=BBC}}</ref> and released globally on 12 December 2025.<ref name=Variety/> The runtime is classified in 209 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/sholay-the-final-cut/ET00474902|title=Sholay: The Final Cut on BookMyShow|access-date=17 January 2025|website=BookMyShow.com}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
:'''August 1975'''
When the film released on 15 August 1975, it received poor reviews. Among contemporary critics, K.L. Amladi of ''[[India Today]]'' called the film a "dead ember" and "a gravely flawed attempt".{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=161}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Amladi |first=K. L. |date=15 December 1975 |title=Sholay in totality is a depressing film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19751215-sholay-in-totality-is-a-depressing-film-824046-2014-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724160501/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19751215-sholay-in-totality-is-a-depressing-film-824046-2014-07-05 |archive-date=24 July 2023 |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> ''[[Filmfare]]'' said that the film was an unsuccessful mincing of Western style with Indian [[Social environment|milieu]], making it an "imitation western—neither here nor there."{{Sfn|Chopra|2000|p=161}} Others labelled it as "sound and fury signifying nothing" and a "second-rate take-off" of the 1971 film ''Mera Gaon Mera Desh''.<ref name="telegraph" /> Trade journals and columnists initially called the film a flop.{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=161–168}}

:'''Later August/September 1975-present'''
However, over time the response shifted and it became a cultural icon. It is now considered a classic, and among the greatest Hindi-language films.<ref name="rediff1" />{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=3}} In a 1976 article in the journal ''Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review'', author Michael Gallagher praised the technical achievement of the film, but otherwise criticised it stating, "As a spectacle it breaks new ground, but on every other level it is intolerable: formless, incoherent, superficial in human image, and a somewhat nasty piece of violence".{{sfn|Gallagher|1976|p=344}}

In a 2005 BBC review, the well-rounded characters and simple narrative of the film were commended, but the comical cameos of Asrani and Jagdeep were considered unnecessary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajput |first=Dharmesh |date=17 August 2005 |title=''Sholay'' (1975) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/08/17/sholay_2005_review.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007025157/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/08/17/sholay_2005_review.shtml |archive-date=7 October 2012 |access-date=16 April 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> On the film's 35th anniversary, the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote that it was a "trailblazer in terms of camera work as well as music," and that "practically every scene, dialogue or even a small character was a highlight."<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2010 |title=Sholay completes 35 years |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sholay-completes-35-years/story-gZIxKfIxNvLThEiQ05KYWP.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005160039/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sholay-completes-35-years/story-gZIxKfIxNvLThEiQ05KYWP.html |archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref> In 2006, The [[Film Society of Lincoln Center]] described ''Sholay'' as "an extraordinary and utterly seamless blend of [[Adventure film|adventure]], [[Comedy film|comedy]], [[Musical film|music and dance]]", labelling it an "indisputable classic".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sholay |url=http://filmlinccom.siteprotect.net/wrt/onsale06/sholay.html |access-date=21 December 2010 |publisher=[[Film Society of Lincoln Center]] |archive-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021150641/http://filmlinccom.siteprotect.net/wrt/onsale06/sholay.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Chicago Review'' critic Ted Shen criticised the film in 2002 for its formulaic plot and "slapdash" cinematography, and noted that the film "alternates between [[slapstick]] and melodrama".<ref name="shen chic reader" /> In their obituary of the producer G.P. Sippy, ''[[The New York Times]]'' said that ''Sholay'' "revolutionized Hindi filmmaking and brought true professionalism to Indian script writing".<ref name="nyt" />

{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|95||19||ref=y|access-date=24 December 2025}}

=== Accolades ===
''Sholay'' was nominated for nine [[Filmfare Awards]], and the only winner was [[M. S. Shinde]], who won the award for [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Nominees and {{sic|nolink=1|Winner}} |url=https://archive.org/details/FilmfareAwards |access-date=9 October 2020 |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film also won three awards at the 1976 [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]] (Hindi section): "Best Actor in Supporting Role" for Amjad Khan, "Best Cinematographer (Colour)" for [[Dwarka Divecha]], and "Best Art Director" for Ram Yedekar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1976: 39th Annual BFJA Awards |url=http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197639.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119012515/http://www.bfjaawards.com/legacy/pastwin/197639.htm |archive-date=19 January 2008 |access-date=2 December 2010 |publisher=Bengal Film Journalists' Association}}</ref> ''Sholay'' received a special award at the 50th Filmfare Awards in 2005: [[Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years|Best Film of 50 Years]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Filmfare Awards Winners |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180227163020/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/ |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=27 February 2018 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Style="width:5%"| Awards
! Style="width:25%"| Category
! Style="width:20%"| Nominee
! Style="width:10%"| Result
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Bengal Film Journalists Association Awards]]
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]
|rowspan="4"{{won}}
|-
|Best Cinematography
|[[Dwarka Divecha]]
|-
|Best Art Direction
|Ram Yadekar
|-
|rowspan="10"|[[23rd Filmfare Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Best Editing Award|Best Editing]]
|[[M. S. Shinde]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
|[[G. P. Sippy]]
|rowspan="9" {{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|[[Ramesh Sippy]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|[[Sanjeev Kumar]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|Amjad Khan
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Comedian Award|Best Comedian]]
|[[Asrani]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
|[[Salim-Javed]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
|[[R. D. Burman]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Best Lyricist Award|Best Lyricist]]
|[[Anand Bakshi]] for "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|R. D. Burman
|-
|[[50th Filmfare Awards]]
|Special Award
|Best Film for Completing 50 Years
|{{won|place=1st|Received}}
|-
|}

== Legacy and cultural influence ==
''Sholay'' has received many "Best Film" honours. It was declared the "Film of the Millennium" by [[BBC India]] in 1999.<ref name="nyt" /> It topped the [[British Film Institute]]'s "Top 10 Indian Films" [[Films considered the greatest ever|of all time]] poll of 2002,<ref>{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Top 10 Indian Films |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515101729/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india/ |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=14 June 2012 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> and was voted the greatest Indian movie in a [[Sky (UK and Ireland)|Sky Digital]] poll of one million British Indians in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thambirajah, Mohan |date=27 May 2004 |title='Sholay' voted best Indian movie |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-94953889.html |url-status=dead |access-date=25 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225042453/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-94953889.html |archive-date=25 February 2016 |quote=SHOLAY has been voted the greatest Indian movie in a research by Sky Digital of one million Indians in Britain.}} {{link note|note=Partial story rendition from HighBeam.com archive.}}</ref> It was also included in the magazine ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''{{'}}s "Best of Bollywood" list in 2010,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Corliss |first=Richard |date=27 October 2010 |title=Sholay – 1975 – Best of Bollywood |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2022076_2022067_2022045,00.html |url-status=live |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828050259/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C2022076_2022067_2022045%2C00.html |archive-date=28 August 2013 |access-date=30 July 2012}}</ref> and in [[IBN Live]]'s list of the "100 greatest Indian films of all time" in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2013 |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-19.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425234438/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-19.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 |access-date=12 February 2014 |website=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref> In 2023, [[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] ranked it #1 on its list of the "100 Best Bollywood Movies."<ref name="best">{{cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=The 100 best Bollywood movies |url=https://www.timeout.com/film/the-100-best-bollywood-movies-the-list |access-date=28 November 2023 |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820130100/https://www.timeout.com/film/the-100-best-bollywood-movies-the-list |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Sholay'' inspired many films and [[pastiche]]s, and spawned a genre of films, the "Curry Western",{{sfnm|1a1=Dudrah|1a2=Desai|1y=2008|1p=5|2a1=Sparks|2y=2008|2p=157}} which is a play on the term [[Spaghetti Western]]. A more accurate label for the genre is the Dacoit Western, due to its roots in earlier Indian dacoit films such as ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957) and ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'' (1961).<ref name="Teo" /> It was also an early and most definitive [[masala film]],<ref name="uiowa" />{{sfn|Hayward|2006|p=67|ps=:"In its truest sense ''Sholay'' was perhaps ''the'' first Masala movie"}} and a trend-setter for "multi-star" films.{{sfn|Jain|2009|p=62}} The film was a watershed for scriptwriters in Hindi language films, who were not paid well before ''Sholay''; after the film's success, its writing duo Salim-Javed became stars in their own right and script writing became a more respected profession.<ref name="ndtv" /> The [[BBC]] has described ''Sholay'' as the "''[[Star Wars]]'' of Bollywood", comparing its impact on Hindi language films to the impact that ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (1977) later had on [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]], while comparing Gabbar Singh to [[Darth Vader]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Rahul |date=14 August 2015 |title=Sholay: The Star Wars of Bollywood? |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150813-sholay-the-star-wars-of-bollywood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509192533/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150813-sholay-the-star-wars-of-bollywood |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=28 November 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>

[[File:Gabbar Singh dialogue from Sholay on the back of auto rickshaw.jpg|thumb|A line of Gabbar Singh (''Tera kya hoga'', meaning, "What will happen to you?") and a picture of him is painted on the back of an [[auto rickshaw]], a common mode of public transport. Dialogues and characters from the film have contributed to many cultural tropes in India's daily life.|alt=A dialogue and image of Gabbar Singh painted on the back of an auto rickshaw]]

Certain scenes and dialogues earned iconic status in India, such as "''Kitne aadmi the''" (How many men were there?), "''Jo dar gaya, samjho mar gaya''" (One who is scared is dead), and "''Bahut yaarana laagta hai''" (Looks like you two are very close) – all dialogues of Gabbar Singh.<ref name="rediff1" />{{sfnm|1a1=Chopra|1y=2000|1pp=4–5|2a1=Jess-Cooke|2y=2009|2p=126}} These and other popular dialogues entered the people's daily vernacular.{{sfnm|1a1=Banerjee|1a2=Srivastava|1y=1988|1pp=166–169|2a1=Jess-Cooke|2y=2009|2p=126}} Characters and dialogues from the film continue to be referred to and parodied in popular culture.{{sfnm|1a1=Chopra|1y=2000|1pp=4–5|2a1=Ganti|2y=2004|2p=161}} Gabbar Singh, the sadistic villain, ushered in an era in Hindi films characterised by "seemingly omnipotent oppressors as villains", who play the pivotal role in setting up the context of the story, such as Shakal (played by [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]) of ''[[Shaan (1980 film)|Shaan]]'' (1980), Mogambo ([[Amrish Puri]]) of ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987) and Bhujang (Amrish Puri) of ''[[Tridev]]'' (1989).{{sfn|Zankar|2003|p=365}} ''Filmfare'', in 2013, named Gabbar Singh the most iconic villain in the history of Indian cinema,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hashmi, Parampara Patil |date=3 May 2013 |title=Iconic villains of Indian cinema |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/iconic-villains-of-indian-cinema-3038-2.html |url-status=live |journal=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111181042/http://www.filmfare.com/features/iconic-villains-of-indian-cinema-3038-2.html |archive-date=11 November 2013 |access-date=7 July 2013}}</ref> and four actors were included in its 2010 list of "80 Iconic Performances" for their work in this film.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 June 2010 |title=Filmfare – 80 Iconic Performances 1/10 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-110-950.html |journal=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121065253/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-110-950.html |archive-date=21 January 2012 |access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=3 June 2010 |title=Filmfare – 80 Iconic Performances 2/10 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-210-952.html |journal=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705235640/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-210-952.html |archive-date=5 July 2010 |access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=6 June 2010 |title=Filmfare – 80 Iconic Performances 6/10 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-610-956.html |journal=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506122601/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-610-956.html |archive-date=6 May 2013 |access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=10 June 2010 |title=Filmfare – 80 Iconic Performances 10/10 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-1010-991.html |journal=Filmfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203173146/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-1010-991.html |archive-date=3 February 2011 |access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref>

The film is often credited with making Bachchan a "superstar", two years after he became a star with ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]'' (1973).<ref name="uiowa" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Actor |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191201/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=13 October 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref> Some of the supporting actors remained etched in public memory as the characters they played in ''Sholay''; for example, [[Mac Mohan]] continued to be referred to as "Sambha", even though his character had just one line.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2010 |title='Sambha' Mac Mohan of 'Sholay' fame dies |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sambha-Mac-Mohan-of-Sholay-fame-dies/articleshow/5914387.cms |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106153206/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Sambha-Mac-Mohan-of-Sholay-fame-dies/articleshow/5914387.cms |archive-date=6 November 2012}}</ref> Major and minor characters continue to be used in commercials, promos, films and sitcoms.<ref name="ndtv" />{{sfn|Chopra|2000|pp=4–5}} Amjad Khan acted in many villainous roles later in his career. He also played Gabbar Singh again in the 1991 spoof ''[[Ramgarh Ke Sholay]]'', and reprised the role in commercials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khanna |first=Parul |date=6 February 2010 |title=The most hilarious ads ever... |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/the-most-hilarious-ads-ever/story-w3DzJypz46bPExmxlqDJsI.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925073043/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/the-most-hilarious-ads-ever/story-w3DzJypz46bPExmxlqDJsI.html |archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> The British Film Institute in 2002 wrote that fear of Gabbar Singh "is still invoked by mothers to put their children to sleep".<ref>{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=1. Sholay (1975) |url=http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india/01_sholay.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805124020/http://www.bfi.org.uk/features/imagineasia/guide/poll/india/01_sholay.html |archive-date=5 August 2011 |access-date=27 April 2013 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> The 2012 film ''[[Gabbar Singh (film)|Gabbar Singh]]'', named after the character, became the highest-grossing [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Telugu film]] up to that point.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2012 |title=Gabbar Singh highest grosser in south |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/gabbar-singh-highest-grosser-110233-2012-07-18 |access-date=3 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719115946/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gabbar-singh-highest-grosser/1/209129.html |archive-date=19 July 2012}}</ref> Comedian [[Jagdeep]], who played Soorma Bhopali in the film, attempted to use his ''Sholay'' success to create a spinoff. He directed and played the lead role in the 1988 film ''[[Soorma Bhopali]]'', in which Dharmendra and Bachchan had cameos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 1988 |title=Soorma Bhopali (1988) Cast and Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/soorma-bhopali/cast/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121104752/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/soorma-bhopali/cast/ |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=24 February 2012 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

''Sholay'' was remade in [[Bangladesh]] as ''Dost Dushman'' (1977), was criticized by many critics in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood and Dhallywood: Contentions and Connections |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2011/August/bollywood.htm |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=1 August 2011}}</ref> In 2004, ''Sholay'' was digitally remastered and shown again to packed theatres in India, including Mumbai's Minerva, where it had run successfully 29 years earlier.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 August 2004 |title=29 years later, Sholay still rules |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=35028 |url-status=live |access-date=30 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109044928/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=35028 |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Another attempt to remake ''Sholay'', [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s film ''[[Aag (2007 film)|Aag]]'' (2007), starring Amitabh Bachchan as the villain, was a commercial and critical disaster.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Box Office 2007 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109040918/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=214 |archive-date=9 November 2013 |access-date=20 April 2013 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>

Because of television and home media, ''Sholay'' is widely available and still popular. Twenty years after its release, ''Sholay'' was first shown on the Indian [[DD National]] television channel, where it drew the highest ratings ever for an Indian film broadcast.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahmood |first=Rafay |date=5 April 2012 |title=Bollywood Masterpiece: Sholay in 3D |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/360123/bollywood-masterpiece-sholay-in-3d/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109035939/http://tribune.com.pk/story/360123/bollywood-masterpiece-sholay-in-3d/ |archive-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Video game producer Mobile2win released the ''Sholay Ramgarh Express'' game for mobile phones in 2004, along with other ''Sholay'' themed content such as wallpapers, video clips, and ringtones; another video game ''Sholay: Bullets of Justice'' developed by Gameshastra has also been released.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bapna |first=Amit |date=29 January 2014 |title=Box office blockbuster Sholay: Ad man's favourite source of inspiration |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/box-office-blockbuster-sholay-ad-mans-favourite-source-of-inspiration/articleshow/29503479.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 November 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sholay - Bullets of Justice |url=http://vroovy.com/Vroovywebsite/v8/sholay-bullets-of-justice.html |access-date=27 September 2023 |website=vroovy.com |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211173224/http://vroovy.com/Vroovywebsite/v8/sholay-bullets-of-justice.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Sholay Adventures'', a 2014 [[List of Indian animated films|Indian animated television film]] adaptation of ''Sholay'' aired on [[Pogo TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2015 |title=Pogo and Graphic India presents Sholay Adventures |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/pogo-and-graphic-india-presents-sholay-adventures-150123 |access-date=4 June 2017 |archive-date=16 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616091541/http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/kids/pogo-and-graphic-india-presents-sholay-adventures-150123 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2019, a film titled ''[[The Sholay Girl]]'', based on the stunt woman [[Reshma Pathan]], was released. Pathan had worked as the body double for Malini in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Aayushi |date=4 March 2019 |title=All You Need To Know About Reshma Pathan aka The Sholay Girl, India's First Stunt Woman |url=https://zeetv.zee5.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-reshma-pathan-aka-the-sholay-girl-indias-first-stunt-woman/ |access-date=10 March 2019 |publisher=Zee TV |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807033401/https://zeetv.zee5.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-reshma-pathan-aka-the-sholay-girl-indias-first-stunt-woman/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Sholay'' has been the subject of two books and many articles. Wimal Dissanayake and Malti Sahai's ''Sholay, A Cultural Reading'' (1992) attempts a comprehensive scholarly study that sets the film within the broader history of popular cinema in India. [[Anupama Chopra]]'s ''Sholay: The Making of a Classic'' (2000) provides an inside look at the film's production based on interviews with the director, stars, and crew members.<ref name="ending" /><ref name="uiowa" />

''Sholay'' has been labelled by Chopra as the gold standard in Indian cinema, and a reference point for audiences and trade analysts. Over the years, the film has reached a mythic stature in popular culture,{{sfn|Chopra|2000|p=3}} and has been called the greatest Hindi film of all time.{{sfn|Dwyer|2005|p=218}} It belongs to only a small collection of films, including ''[[Kismet (1943 film)|Kismet]]'' (1943), ''[[Mother India]]'' (1957), ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'' (1960), ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994) and ''[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]'' (2001), which are repeatedly watched throughout India, and are viewed as definitive Hindi films with cultural significance.{{sfnm|Mishra|2002|1p=66|Morcom|2007|2pp=139–144}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2822|title=The Biggest Blockbuster Continues To Dominate|date=30 March 2017}}</ref> The lasting effect of ''Sholay'' on Indian cinema was summarised by Anupama Chopra, when in 2004 she called it "no longer just a film, [but] an event".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Zubair |date=18 August 2004 |title=Hindi classic pulls in the crowds |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3577790.stm |url-status=live |access-date=1 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623054743/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3577790.stm |archive-date=23 June 2012}}</ref> In the 2000 book ''Sholay: The Making of a Classic'', the noted director [[Shekhar Kapur]] stated "there has never been a more defining film on the Indian screen. Indian film history can be divided into ''Sholay'' BC and ''Sholay'' AD".{{sfn|Chopra|2000|loc=back cover}} The film was jointly released in Pakistan by [[Jang Media Group|Geo films]] and Mandviwalla Entertainment on 17 April 2015, almost 40 years after its theatrical release. The film's premiere in the country was held in [[Karachi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2015 |title='Sholay' releases in Pakistan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/sholay-releases-in-pakistan/article7117187.ece |access-date=19 April 2015 |website=The Hindu |agency=Press Trust of India |archive-date=30 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/sholay-releases-in-pakistan/article7117187.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Screenwriter [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]], responsible for a number of blockbusters in the early 21st century, including the South Indian franchise [[Baahubali (franchise)|''Baahubali'']] and the Hindi film ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'' (starring Salim's son [[Salman Khan]]), cited ''Sholay'' as a major inspiration on his work.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Suhani |date=17 June 2017 |title=Baahubali writer KV Vijayendra Prasad is going places at 75 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20170626-k-v-vijayendra-prasad-baahubali-writer-magadheera-986633-2017-06-17 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508220818/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20170626-k-v-vijayendra-prasad-baahubali-writer-magadheera-986633-2017-06-17 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Angry Young Men (miniseries)]]''
* [[List of cult films]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films]]
* [[Gabbar Singh (disambiguation)]]

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist|30em}}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Runtime">{{Cite web |title=''Sholay'' (PG) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/sholay-1988 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109084512/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/sholay-1988 |archive-date=9 November 2013 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
<ref name="open">{{Cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Salim |author-link=Salim Khan |last2=Sukumaran |first2=Shradha |date=14 August 2010 |title=Sholay, the Beginning |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/arts-letters/sholay-the-beginning |url-status=live |journal=[[Open (Indian magazine)|OPEN Magazine]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/arts-letters/sholay-the-beginning |archive-date=30 November 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Cinar">{{Cite book |last1=Cinar |first1=Alev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-5llJ_MsvgC&pg=PA117 |title=Visualizing Secularism and Religion: Egypt, Lebanon, Turkey, India |last2=Roy |first2=Srirupa |last3=Yahya |first3=Maha |date=2012 |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn=978-0-472-07118-0 |page=117 |quote=one of the most popular Hindi-Urdu films in Bollywood history, ''Sholay'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=q-5llJ_MsvgC&pg=PA117 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Akhtar">{{Cite book |last1=Aḵẖtar |first1=Jāvīd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JILAQAAMAAJ |title=Talking Films: Conversations on Hindi Cinema with Javed Akhtar |last2=Kabir |first2=Nasreen Munni |date=2002 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-566462-1 |page=49 |quote=JA: I write dialogue in Urdu, but the action and descriptions are in English. Then an assistant transcribes the Urdu dialogue into Devnagari because most people read Hindi. But I write in Urdu. |author-link=Javed Akhtar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108035102/http://books.google.com/books?id=_JILAQAAMAAJ |archive-date=8 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last=Pandya |first=Haresh |date=27 December 2007 |title=G. P. Sippy, Indian Filmmaker Whose ''Sholay'' Was a Bollywood Hit, Dies at 93 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/27/arts/27Sippy.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828135232/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/27/arts/27Sippy.html |archive-date=28 August 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Teo">{{Cite book |last=Teo |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pi8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |title=Eastern Westerns: Film and Genre Outside and Inside Hollywood |date=2017 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-1-317-59226-6 |page=122 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=pi8lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="rediff1">{{Cite web |last=Raheja |first=Dinesh |date=9 August 2009 |title=Why Sholay is a cult classic |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/09dinesh.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122450/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/aug/09dinesh.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=1 December 2010 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web |date=14 August 2010 |title=35 years on, the Sholay fire still burns |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/35-years-on-the-sholay-fire-still-burns-44425 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612074406/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/35-years-on-the-sholay-fire-still-burns-44425 |archive-date=12 June 2013 |access-date=12 April 2013 |publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>
<ref name="ending">{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Ronjita |date=7 February 2001 |title=I didn't even know there was another ending to ''Sholay'' |url=http://im.rediff.com/movies/2001/feb/07anu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715164950/http://im.rediff.com/movies/2001/feb/07anu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011 |access-date=27 September 2010 |publisher=Rediff}}</ref>
<ref name="DVD">{{Cite web |title=Sholay (1975) Region 0 DVD Review |url=http://film.thedigitalfix.com/content.php?contentid=58178 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121171814/http://film.thedigitalfix.com/content.php?contentid=58178 |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=9 August 2010 |publisher=The Digital Fix}}</ref>
<ref name="shen chic reader">{{Cite news |last=Shen |first=Ted |date=13 December 2002 |title=Sholay |work=[[Chicago Reader]] |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/sholay/Film?oid=1063841 |url-status=live |access-date=11 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093713/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/sholay/Film?oid=1063841 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph">{{Cite news |date=3 February 2013 |title=900 not out! |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1130203/jsp/7days/story_16515999.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=11 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225327/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130203/jsp/7days/story_16515999.jsp |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Boi70s">{{Cite web |title=Top Earners 1970–1979 – BOI |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062240/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=124&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |access-date=24 February 2012 |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
<ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite news |date=15 September 1995 |title=Sholay emerges as Bollywood's most successful re-run product even after 20 years |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19950915-sholay-emerges-as-bollywoods-most-successful-re-run-product-even-after-20-years-807750-1995-09-14 |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101010917/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sholay-emerges-as-bollywoods-most-successful-re-run-product-even-after-20-years/1/289356.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="footfalls">[https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988 Bahubali 2 Is The Biggest Hindi Blockbuster This Century] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824133203/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=2988 |date=24 August 2017}}, [[Box Office India]], 8 June 2017</ref>
<ref name="soviet">{{Cite web |title="Месть и закон" (Sholay, 1975) |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/40451/ |access-date=3 February 2019 |website=[[KinoPoisk]] |language=ru-RU |archive-date=28 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828011232/https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/40451/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="uiowa">{{Cite web |last=Lutgendorf |first=Philip |title=Sholay |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/sholay.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102025542/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/sholay.html |archive-date=2 January 2015 |access-date=8 December 2010 |publisher=South Asian Studies Program, University of Iowa}}</ref>
<ref name="3D">{{Cite news |last=Roy, Priyanka |date=27 November 2013 |title=Sholay returns — in 3D! |work=The Telegraph (Calcutta) supplement t2 |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131127/jsp/t2/story_17614577.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=7 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213001755/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131127/jsp/t2/story_17614577.jsp |archive-date=13 December 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="screens">{{Cite news |last=Jain, Priyanka |date=4 June 2012 |title=Sholay 3D will be more successful, says distributor |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sholay-3d-will-be-more-successful-says-distributor/story-QdkIKksj4a8Kly1NHIPssK.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005123811/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sholay-3d-will-be-more-successful-says-distributor/story-QdkIKksj4a8Kly1NHIPssK.html |archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref>

</references>

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* {{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Manju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA62 |title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema |publisher=Primus Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-908918-4-4 }}
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* {{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Mohammad Zahir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LE8iAAAAMAAJ |title=Dacoity in Chambal Valley |publisher=National |year=1981 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=Vijay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Q8Z9Ukwn6EC |title=Bollywood Cinema: Temples of Desire |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-93015-4 |access-date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617214223/https://books.google.com/books?id=8Q8Z9Ukwn6EC |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last=Morcom |first=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfVdxiSm-aYC&pg=PA212 |title=Hindi film songs and the cinema |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7546-5198-7 |access-date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=17 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517041801/https://books.google.com/books?id=kfVdxiSm-aYC&pg=PA212 |url-status=live }}
* {{Cite book |last=Prasad |first=M. Madhava |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OBkAAAAMAAJ |title=Ideology of the Hindi Film: A Historical Construction |publisher=Oxford University Press, Incorporated |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-564218-6 |access-date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=11 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611095042/http://books.google.com/books?id=6OBkAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}
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{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* ''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt39151096/ Sholay: The Final Cut]'' (2025) at [[IMDb]]
*''[https://filmheritagefoundation.co.in/sholay-1975-embers-restored-by-film-heritage-foundation/ Sholay: The Final Cut]'' (2025) at [[Film Heritage Foundation]]
* {{IMDb title}} (1975)
*''[https://www.bfi.org.uk/film/4c157d6b-5fcb-5899-b4f7-a4bf085fa9eb/sholay Sholay]'' (1975) at the [[British Film Institute]]

{{Salim-Javed}}
{{Ramesh Sippy}}
{{Portal bar|Bollywood|Film|India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sholay| ]]
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Thagini

2026-03-07T06:34:37Z

NoemiConley374: improved article

{{Short description|1974 Bengali suspense drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Italic title}}
'''''Thagini''''' (The Lady Thug) is a 1974 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Thriller film|suspense]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] directed by [[Tarun Majumdar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/dolly-ki-doli-movie-review-1082|title=Dolly Ki Doli Movie Review|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|date=30 January 2015|publisher=NDTV|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IXlTAAAAYAAJ&q=Thagini|title=Film World|last=Volume 9|year=1973|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref> based on a short story of [[Subodh Ghosh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thagini (1974)|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-ajbdzt/thagini/|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Radio Times}}</ref> The music of the film was scored by [[Hemanta Mukherjee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/QOH/info|title=Thagini|website=indiancine.ma|access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Thagini (1974) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/thagini-36094|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130171303/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/thagini-36094|url-status=live|archive-date=30 November 2020|access-date=2021-12-26|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

==Plot==
Cashier Haripada was ditched by his friend Rajen Mukherjee. He breaks the office locker with his assistant Banku but gets caught. They need money for the marriage of Haripada's daughter Karabi. After two years they get released from jail and without having any means start looting money. Karabi marries a man with the help of Haripada and Banku, then she escapes with all the jewelry of her husband. The three fool the police and go to Kolkata. In Kolkata, Karabi meets an innocent young man, Amit, who is actually the son of Rajen Mukherjee. Haripada wants to take revenge, but his daughter falls in love with Amit.

==Cast==
* [[Utpal Dutt]] as Haripada
* [[Sandhya Roy]] as Karabi
*[[Ajitesh Bandopadhyay]]
* [[Chinmoy Roy]]
* [[Robi Ghosh]] as Banku
*[[Anup Kumar (actor)|Anup Kumar]] as Amit
*[[Jahor Roy]]
*[[Shekhar Chattopadhyay]]
*[[Tapen Chatterjee]]
*[[Shobha Sen]]
* [[Bankim Ghosh]]
* Biren Chattopadhyay
* Haridhan Mukhopadhyay
* Juin Banerjee

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0237819}}

[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hemant Kumar]]
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[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:1974 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:1970s romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about cults]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Subodh Ghosh]]

{{1970s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Hanumant Singh of Kalakankar

2026-03-07T06:18:57Z

NoemiConley374: New New Biography Basic Info

'''Raja Hanumant Singh''' (1826-1885) was the [[Talukdar]] of [[Kalakankar]].
He was awarded the title of Raja by the King of Awadh, [[Wajid Ali Shah]] in 1849. Raja Hanumant Singh belonged to Bisen [[Rajput]] clan and were the Talukdars of Kalakankar of which Rampur was the capital for the state known as Rampur–Dharupur. This branch of the family had descended from Roop Mull, younger brother to a ruler of [[Majhauli]] in today’s Gorakhpur District. The branch moved to [[Manikpur, Pratapgarh|Manikpur]] near [[Allahabad]] till it was finally established in what came to be called Kalakankar by Raja Hanumant Singh.<ref name=aa>{{cite news |title=Lal Pratap Singh Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?2898 |access-date=2 April 2025}}</ref>

Raja Hanumant Singh was onr of the leaders in the Revolution of 1857 along with his son [[Lal Pratap Singh]].<ref name=wx>{{cite web |title=KALAKANKAR |url=http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kalakankar.html |access-date=20 January 2024 |date=8 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908042545/http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kalakankar.html |archive-date=8 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Gautam |title=1857 THE UPRISING |date=2008 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2299-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5jcDQAAQBAJ&dq=Raja+Hanumant+Singh&pg=PT112 |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Sashi Bhusan |title=Theories of the Indian Mutiny (1857-59): A Study of the Views of an Eminent Historian on the Subject |date=1965 |publisher=World Press |pages=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wfVAAAAMAAJ&q=Raja+Hanumant+Singh+KALAKANKAR |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rāya |first1=Jaya Prakāśa |title=Uttara-Madhya kshetra kī loka-saṃskr̥ti |date=1997 |publisher=Prakāśana Vibhāga, Sūcanā aura Prasāraṇa Mantrālaya, Bhārata Sarakāra |isbn=978-81-230-0496-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vlEKAAAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4+ |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=hi}}</ref> At the behest of the [[Begum Hazrat Mahal]] of [[Awadh]], Raja Hanumant Singh raised a battalion of 1000 soldiers under the command of his eldest son, Lal Pratap Singh. This battalion, called ‘Pratap Jang’, rose to action in February 1858 when the English under [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Colin Campbell]] attempted to recapture [[Lucknow]]. Colin Campbell was aided by a Gurkha battalion and two Company Battalions. The three forces summoned by the Begum, including the one from Kalakankar, camped at Chande in Sultanpur district.Raja Hanumant Singh's younger brother Madhav Singh and his son [[Lal Pratap Singh]] were martyred here fighting with British East India Company's forces in Revolt of 1857.<ref name=aa/>

After the Revolt of 1857, many Taluqdars and Rajput Estate Holders who supported the revolutionists or participated in the revolt, faced punishment by the British. Their properties and assets were either seized or reduced and their social status was compromised. The British impounded many of their lands and properties and they were taxed with heavy fines. Raja Hanumant Singh, was dispossessed of his many properties by British for supporting and taking active role the Revolt of 1857.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Gautam |title=1857 THE UPRISING |year=2008 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=978-81-230-2299-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5jcDQAAQBAJ&dq=hanumant+singh+kalakankar&pg=PT112 |access-date=5 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Raja Hanumant Singh believed a pan-India organization was necessary to correct the injustice faced by their community. So, he founded an association of [[jagirdars]] and taluqdars belonging to [[Kshatriya]] and [[Rajput]] communities in year 1857 with other [[Taluqdar]]s of [[Oudh]] and named it the ''Ram Dal.'' after [[Shri Ram]]. It was renamed ''Kshatriya Hitkarni Sabha'' in 1860. The association was formed to protect and fight for rights and interests of Rajput communities. In 1897, ''Kshatriya Mahasabha'' became the successor to the ''Kshatriya Hitkarni Sabha'', [[Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Mahasabha]] came into existence on 19 Oct 1897, creating a platform to promote the cause of the [[Kshatriya]]s and [[Rajput]]s. Thus Raja Hanumant Singh is considered as original founder of the institution.<ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of Social Research |date=1984 |page=76 |publisher=Council of Social and Cultural Research, Bihar. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSrlAAAAMAAJ&q=Akhil+Bharatiya+Kshatriya+Mahasabha+member+strength |access-date=4 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

He died in 1885 succeeded by his grandson, [[Raja Rampal Singh]] (son of Lal Pratap Singh ), who became Taluqdar of Kalakankar<ref name=wx/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Revolutionaries of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]
[[Category:People from Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1885 deaths]]

List of Malayalam films of 2011

2026-03-07T04:39:20Z

NoemiConley374: fix page also and updated info

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Malayalam films}}
The tables list the [[Malayalam films]] released in theatres in 2011. Premiere shows and film festival screenings are not considered as releases for this list.

==Released films==

The following is the list of [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]] released in theatres in the year 2011.

===Malayalam films===

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | '''Opening'''
! width="18%" |'''Title'''
! '''Director''' !! '''Cast''' !! '''Genre''' !! '''Ref'''
|-
| rowspan="10" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#FFA07A; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''J A N U A R Y'''</big>
| rowspan="3" valign="center" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 7
| valign="center" | ''[[Kayam (2011 film)|Kayam]]'' (കയം)
| valign="center" | Anil K. Nair
| valign="center" | [[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Bala (actor)|Bala]], [[Shwetha Menon]]
| valign="center" | [[Drama (genre)|Drama]], [[Sex in film|Erotic]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7207/malayalam/kayam/index.htm | title=Kayam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-07}}</ref>
|-
| valign="center" | ''[[Nakharam]]'' (നഖരം)
| valign="center" | T. Deepesh
| valign="center" | [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar|Ganesh Kumar]], Architha, [[Jose Thettayil]], [[Mamukkoya]], [[Madhupal]], Sreeletha
| valign="center" | Drama
| valign="center" style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8547/malayalam/nakharam/index.htm | title=Nakharam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-07}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Traffic (2011 film)|Traffic]]'' || Rajesh R. Pillai || [[Sreenivasan]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Kunchako Boban]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Anoop Menon]], [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Sandhya (actress)|Sandhya]], [[Roma (actress)|Roma]], [[Remya Nambeesan]], [[Lena (actress)|Lena]], [[Namitha Pramod]]|| [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7383/malayalam/traffic/index.htm | title=Traffic | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-07 | archive-date=21 January 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121050433/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7383/malayalam/traffic/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 14
| ''[[Achan (2011 film)|Achan]]'' (അച്ഛൻ) || Ali Akbar || [[Thilakan]], Sasi Eranjikkal || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7798/malayalam/achan/index.htm | title=Achan | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-14}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Note Out]]'' || Kutty Naduvil || [[Nishan K. P. Nanaiah|Nishan]], [[Mithra Kurian]], Bijukkuttan, Anoop Chandran, Sumesh, Shiya || Comedy, Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7421/malayalam/note-out/index.htm | title= Note Out | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-14}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 21
| ''[[Kudumbasree Travels]]'' (കുടുംബശ്രീ ട്രാവൽസ്‌) || Kiran || [[Jayaram]], [[Bhavana (Malayalam actress)|Bhavana]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]], [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]], [[Radhika (malayalam actress)|Radhika]] || [[Family film|Family]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7268/malayalam/kudumbasree-travels/index.htm | title=Kudumbasree Travels | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-21}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[The Metro (film)|The Metro]]'' || Bipin Prabhakar || [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]], [[Bhavana (Malayalam actress)|Bhavana]], [[Nivin Pauly]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] || Action, Thriller ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8100/malayalam/the-metro/index.htm | title=The Metro | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-21}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 28
| ''[[Arjunan Saakshi]]'' (അർജുനൻ സാക്ഷി) || [[Ranjith Sankar]] || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]], [[Ann Augustine]] || Thriller ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7250/malayalam/arjunan-sakshi/index.htm | title= Arjunan Saakshi | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-28}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ithu Nammude Katha]]'' (ഇതു നമ്മുടെ കഥ) || Rajesh Kannankara || [[Nishan K. P. Nanaiah|Nishan]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], Abhishek, [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]], [[Amala Paul]], [[Nimisha Suresh]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7921/malayalam/ithu-nammude-katha/index.htm | title=Ithu Nammude Katha | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-01-28}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ponnu Kondoru Aalroopam'' ||T, S, Saji||[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Vinu Mohan]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="6" valign="center" align="center" style="background:thistle; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''F E B R U A R Y'''</big>
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 4
| ''[[Khaddama]]'' (ഗദ്ദാമ) || [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] || [[Kavya Madhavan]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Biju Menon]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8162/malayalam/gadhama/index.htm | title=Gadhama | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-02-04}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 10
| ''[[Makeup Man]]'' || [[Shafi (director)|Shafi]] ||[[Jayaram]], [[Sheela (Tamil actress)|Sheela]] || [[Masala (film genre)|Masala]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7346/malayalam/makeup-man/index.htm | title=Makeup Man | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-02-11 | archive-date=4 May 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504080130/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7346/malayalam/makeup-man/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 11
| ''[[Race (2011 film)|Race]]'' || Kukku Surendran ||[[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Mamta Mohandas]], [[Anikha|Baby Anikha]] || Thriller ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8288/malayalam/race/index.htm | title=Race | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-02-11}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 18
| ''[[Payyans]]'' (പയ്യൻസ്‌)|| Leo Thaddeus ||[[Jayasurya]], [[Anjali (actress born 1986)|Anjali]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Lalu Alex]] || Family, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7709/malayalam/payyans/index.htm | title=Payyans | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-02-18}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 19
| ''[[Living Together (2011 film)|Living Together]]'' || [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]] || Hemanth, [[Shivada]], [[Sreejith Vijay|Sreejith]], Darshak || Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8032/malayalam/living-together/index.htm | title=Living Together | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-02-18}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''[[Nadakame Ulakam]]'' (നാടകമേ ഉലകം) || [[Viji Thampi]] || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Vinu Mohan]], [[Sarayu (actress)|Sarayu]], [[Saranya Mohan]], [[Jagadeesh]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Indrans]] || [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8521/malayalam/naadakame-ulakam/index.htm | title=Natakame Ulakam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-02-25}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#98FB98; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''M A R C H'''</big>
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 18
| ''[[Christian Brothers (film)|Christian Brothers]]'' || [[Joshiy]] || [[Mohanlal]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Sarath Kumar]], [[Lakshmi Rai]], [[Kanika Subramaniam]], [[Lakshmi Gopalaswamy]], [[Kavya Madhavan]] || [[Action film|Action drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7098/malayalam/christian-brothers/index.htm| title=Christian Brothers | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 24
| ''[[August 15 (2011 film)|August 15]]'' || [[Shaji Kailas]] || [[Mammootty]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Meghana Raj]], [[Shwetha Menon]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] || [[Crime thriller]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8192/malayalam/august-15/index.htm| title=August 15 | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 31
| ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]'' (ഉറുമി) || [[Santosh Sivan]] || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Genelia D'Souza]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Nithya Menon]], [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]], [[Vidya Balan]] || [[Epic film|Epic]], Patriotism ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7783/malayalam/urumi/index.htm| title=Urumi | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''A P R I L'''</big>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 14
| ''[[China Town (2011 film)|China Town]]'' || [[Rafi Mecartin]] || [[Mohanlal]], [[Jayaram]], [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Kavya Madhavan]][[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] || [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8327/malayalam/china-town/index.htm| title=China Town | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Doubles (2011 film)|Doubles]]'' || Sohan Seenulal || [[Mammootty]], [[Nadia Moidu]], [[Taapsee Pannu]], [[Saiju Kurup]] || [[Drama film|Drama]], [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7507/malayalam/doubles/index.htm| title=Doubles | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-14}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 23
| ''[[City of God (2011 film)|City of God]]'' || Lijo Jose Pellissery || [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]], [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], Parvathi Menon, [[Swetha Menon]], [[Rima Kallingal]] || [[Crime film|Crime]], [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7811/malayalam/city-of-god/index.htm| title=City of God | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 28
| ''[[Mohabbath (2011 film)|Mohabbath]]'' || East Coast Vijayan || [[Meera Jasmine]], Anand Michael, [[Munna (actor)|Munna]] || [[Musical film|Musical]], Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8350/malayalam/mohabbath/index.htm| title=Mohabbath | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 29
| ''[[Bhakthajanangalude Sradhakku]]'' (ഭക്തജനങ്ങളുടെ ശ്രദ്ധയ്ക്ക്) || [[Priyanandanan]] || [[Kavya Madhavan]], Irshad || [[Satirical film|Satire]], [[Drama film|Drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8184/malayalam/bhaktha-janangalute-sradhaku/index.htm | title=Bhakthajanangalude Sradhakku | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lucky Jokers]]'' || Sunil || [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Jagadeesh]], [[Harishree Ashokan]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Vidisha (actress)|Vidisha]] || [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8505/malayalam/lucky-jokers/index.htm | title=Lucky Jokers | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Melvilasom]]'' (മേൽവിലാസം) || Madhav Ramadasan || [[Suresh Gopi]], [[R. Parthipan]], [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]], [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishnakumar]] || Patriotism, [[Drama film|Drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8291/malayalam/melvilasom/index.htm | title=Melvilasom | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalabha Mazha]]'' (കളഭമഴ) || P. Sukumenon || Krishna, Radhika, [[Thilakan]]|| Romance, [[Drama film|Drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/6438/malayalam/kalabhamazha/index.htm | title=Kalabha Mazha | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Akkarakazhchakal: The Movie]]''||Abi Varghese, Ajayan Venugopalan|| || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" valign="center" align="center" style="background:thistle; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''M A Y'''</big>
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 05
| ''[[Manikyakkallu]]'' (മാണിക്യക്കല്ല്) || M. Mohanan || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Samvrutha Sunil]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Salim Kumar]] || [[Drama film|Drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7222/malayalam/manikyakallu/index.htm | title=Manikya Kallu | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#D8D8D8; textcolor:#000;"| 07
| ''[[Seniors (film)|Seniors]]'' || [[Vysakh]] || [[Jayaram]], [[Kunchako Boban]], [[Biju Menon]], [[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]], [[Meera Nandan]] || [[Comedy film|Comedy]] [[Mystery film|mystery]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7724/malayalam/seniors/index.htm |title=Seniors | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#D8D8D8; textcolor:#000;"| 13
| ''[[Maharaja Talkies]]'' || Devidas Chelanatt || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Urvasi (actress)|Urvashi]] || ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9003/malayalam/maharaja-talkies/index.htm | title=Maharaja Talkies | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#D8D8D8; textcolor:#000;"| 20
| ''[[Janapriyan]]'' (ജനപ്രിയൻ) || [[Boban Samuel]] || [[Jayasurya]], [[Bhama (actress)|Bhama]], [[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Sarayu (actress)|Sarayu]] || Romance, [[Comedy film|Comedy]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8552/malayalam/janapriyan/index.htm |title=Janapriyan | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Raghuvinte Swantham Raziya]]'' (രഘുവിന്റെ സ്വന്തം റസിയ) || [[Vinayan]] || Murali Krishnan, [[Meghana Raj]], [[Charuhasan]], [[Thilakan]] || Romance, [[Drama film|Drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8263/malayalam/raghuvinte-swantham-rasiya/index.htm | title=Raghuvinte Swantham Rasiya | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#D8D8D8; textcolor:#000;"| 27
| ''[[The Train (2011 film)|The Train]]'' || [[Jayaraj]] || [[Mammootty]], [[Jayasurya]], [[Sheena Chohan]], Sabitha Jayaraj || [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7814/malayalam/the-train/index.htm| title=The Train | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-05-27}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Njaan Sanchaari]]'' (ഞാൻ സഞ്ചാരി) ||Rajesh Balachandran ||Prashanth Punappara (Ayyappa Baiju), Sonima Sreedhar, [[Bheeman Raghu]], [[Urmila Unni]], Shammi Thilakan ||[[Drama film|Drama]] ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#D8D8D8; textcolor:#000;"| 28
| ''Aazhakadal'' (ആഴക്കടൽ) || Shaan || [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Sruthi Lakshmi]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Jayan Cherthala]], [[Meghanathan]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Shammi Thilakan]]|| ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8737/malayalam/aazhakadal/index.htm | title=Aazhakadal | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''J U N E'''</big>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 10
| ''[[Sankaranum Mohananum]]'' (ശങ്കരനും മോഹനനും) || [[T. V. Chandran]]||[[Jayasurya]], [[Meera Nandan]] || Comedy, [[Fantasy film|Fantasy]], Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8775/malayalam/shankaranum-mohananum/index.htm | title=Shankaranum Mohananum | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vaadamalli]]'' (വാടാമല്ലി) || Albert Antoni || [[Rahul Madhav]], [[Richa Panai]] || [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8449/malayalam/vaadamalli/index.htm | title=Vaadamalli | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 16
| ''[[Rathinirvedam (2011 film)|Rathinirvedam]]'' (രതിനിർവ്വേദം) || [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]] || [[Swetha Menon]], [[Sreejith Vijay]]|| Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7966/malayalam/rathinirvedam/index.htm | title=Rathinirvedam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 17
| ''[[Uppukandam Brothers: Back in Action]]'' || T. S. Suresh Babu ||[[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Honey Rose]],[[Babu Antony]],[[Vani Viswanath]]|| Action ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7897/malayalam/uppukandam-brothers-back-in-action/index.htm | title=Uppukandam Brothers Back in Action | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 24
| ''[[Adaminte Makan Abu]]'' (ആദാമിന്റെ മകൻ അബു) || Salim Ahamed ||[[Salim Kumar]], [[Zarina Wahab]] || [[Drama film|Drama]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8520/malayalam/adaminte-makan-abu/index.htm | title=Adaminte Makan Abu | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kanakompathu]]'' (കാണാക്കൊമ്പത്ത്) || Mahadevan ||Deepu Shanth, Shankar Narayanan, [[Vinod Kishan]], [[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Mythili]] || [[Thriller film|Thriller]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8419/malayalam/kanakombath/index.htm | title=Kanakompathu | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-Badrinath
| Kottarathil Kuttibhootham
| Kumar Nanda
| Mukesh, Jagadheesh, Althara, Sheela
| Drama
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Kottarathil Kuttibhootham |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7865/malayalam/kuttybhootham/index.htm |access-date=2011-07-05 |publisher=Nowrunning.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#E0F9E0; textcolor:#000;"| 30
| ''[[Bombay March 12]]'' || Babu Janardhan ||[[Mammootty]], [[Unni Mukundan]] || Historical, Thriller, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8593/malayalam/bombay-march-12/index.htm | title=Bombay March 12 | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''J U L Y'''</big>
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 1
| ''[[Violin (2011 film)|Violin]]'' || [[Sibi Malayil]] ||[[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Nithya Menon]] || Musical, Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8273/malayalam/violin/index.htm | title=Violin | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 2
| ''[[Three Kings (2011 film)|Three Kings]]'' || [[V. K. Prakash]] || [[Jayasurya]], [[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Indrajith Sukumaran]] || Comedy ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7803/malayalam/3-kings/index.htm | title=Three Kings | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-05}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 8
| ''[[Salt N' Pepper]]'' || Aashiq Abu || [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Shwetha Menon]] and [[Mythili]] || Comedy, Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8396/malayalam/salt-n-pepper/index.htm | title=Salt N' Pepper | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-08}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 14
| ''[[The Filmstaar]]'' || Sanjeev Raj || [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]], [[Muktha George|Muktha]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7057/malayalam/film-star/index.htm | title=The Filmstaar | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-08 | archive-date=3 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103155832/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7057/malayalam/film-star/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 15
| ''[[Chaappa Kurishu]]'' (ചാപ്പാ കുരിശു്) || Sameer Thahir || [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Fahad Fazil]], [[Roma Asrani]], [[Remya Nambeesan]], [[Nivetha Thomas]] || Thriller ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9036/malayalam/chappa-kurishu/index.htm | title=Chaappa Kurish | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-21}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Collector (2011 film)|Collector]]'' || Anil C Menon || [[Suresh Gopi]], Yamini Varma, [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]], Rajeev || Action ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/4535/malayalam/collector/index.htm | title=Collector | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-21}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Manushyamrugam]]'' (മനുഷ്യമൃഗം) || [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]], [[Kiran Rathod]], [[Oviya Helen|Oviya]]|| Mystery Thriller ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7795/malayalam/manushya-mrugam/index.htm | title=Manushyamrugam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-21 | archive-date=11 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411024103/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7795/malayalam/manushya-mrugam/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 22
| ''[[Bangkok Summer]]'' || Pramod Pappan || [[Unni Mukundan]], [[Richa Panai]], [[Rahul Madhav]] || Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8582/malayalam/bangkok-summer/index.htm | title=Bangkok Summer | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-07-22}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 28
| ''[[Ninnishtam Ennishtam 2]]'' (നിന്നിഷ്ടം എന്നിഷ്ടം 2) || Alleppey Ashraf || Suresh Nair, Sunitha, Mukesh, Priya|| Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8302/malayalam/ninnishtam-ennishtam-2/index.htm | title=Ninnishtam Ennishtam 2 | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 29
| ''[[Orma Mathram]]'' (ഓർമ്മ മാത്രം) || [[Madhu Kaithapram]] || [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Priyanka Nair]], Master Sidharth, [[Dhanya Mary Varghese]] || Thriller, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8004/malayalam/orma-mathram/index.htm | title=Orma Mathram | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''Scene No: 001'' || Snehajith || [[Saiju Kurup]], Niyas, Roopasree, [[Priyanandanan]] || ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8685/malayalam/scene-no-001/index.htm | title=Orma Mathram | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" valign="center" align="center" style="background:thistle; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''A U G U S T'''</big>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 5
| ''[[Veettilekkulla Vazhi]]'' (വീട്ടിലേക്കുള്ള വഴി)|| [[Dr. Biju]] ||[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Indrajith Sukumaran]], Master Govardhan, [[Dhanya Mary Varghese]] || [[Adventure film|Adventure]], Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7334/malayalam/veettilekkulla-vazhi/index.htm | title=Veettilekkulla Vazhi | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Nunakkadha|Oru Nunakkatha]]'' (ഒരു നുണക്കഥ) || Johnson Thankachan|| [[vivek (actor)|Vivek]], Piyush, Aswathy, [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Riyaz Khan]] || ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8441/malayalam/oru-nuna-katha/index.htm | title=Oru Nunakkatha | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 12
| ''Kadhayile Nayika'' (കഥയിലെ നായിക)|| Dileep || [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Roma Asrani|Roma]], Kalabhavan Prajod, Suraj Venjaramoodu
|| Romance, Comedy ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8657/malayalam/kathayile-nayika/index.htm | title=Kadhayile Nayika | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chungakkarum Veshyakalum]]'' (ചുങ്കക്കാരും വേശ്യകളും)|| Isaac Thomas|| [[Thilakan]], Sanjay George, Michelle Sinclair|| Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/4072/chungakkarum-veshyakalum.html | title=Chungakkarum Veshyakalum | publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] | access-date=2011-12-10 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180520/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/4072/chungakkarum-veshyakalum.html | archive-date=21 July 2011 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''[[Priyappetta Nattukare]]'' (പ്രിയപ്പെട്ട നാട്ടുകാരേ)|| Sreejith Paleri|| [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Bala (actor)|Bala]], Lakshmi Sharma
|| Political ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8136/malayalam/priyapetta-nattukare/index.htm | title=Priyappetta Naattukaare | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 26
| ''[[Ven Shankhu Pol]]'' (വെൺ ശംഖുപോൽ)||Ashok R Rath|| [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Manoj K Jayan]], [[Jyothirmayi]], [[Meera Nandan]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/6748/malayalam/venshankupol/index.htm | title=Ven Shankhu Pol | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''Umma'' (ഉമ്മ)||Vijayakrishnan|| Shobha Mohan, Sreehari, Madhu || Drama ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 30
| ''[[Teja Bhai & Family]]'' || Deepu Karunakaran || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]], [[Akhila Sasidharan]] || Romance, Action, Comedy ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7449/malayalam/teja-bhai-and-family/index.htm | title=Teja Bhai & Family | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''Arabipponnu'' (അറബിപ്പൊന്നു്) || Vijay || [[Thilakan]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], Joobin Rajan P Dev, Soorya, Sarika || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9521/malayalam/arabipponnu/index.htm | title=Arabipponnu | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 31
| ''[[My Dear Kuttichathan|My Dear Kuttichathan 3D]]'' || Jijo ||[[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]], [[Dalip Tahil]], Master Arvind, Master Suresh, Baby Sonia || Fantasy, [[Children's film|Children]] ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9373/malayalam/my-dear-kuttichathan-3d/index.htm | title=My Dear Kuttichathan 3D | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]'' || [[Blessy]] || [[Mohanlal]], [[Jaya Prada]], [[Anupam Kher]] || Romance Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8690/malayalam/pranayam/index.htm | title=Teja Bhai & Family | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''S E P T E M B E R'''</big>
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 8
| ''[[Sevenes]]'' || [[Joshiy]] ||[[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Bhama Kurup|Bhama]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]], [[Rima Kallingal]], [[Nadia Moidu]] || [[Sports film|Sports]], Drama, Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8246/malayalam/sevens/index.htm | title=Sevenes | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 9
| ''[[Ulakam Chuttum Valiban]]'' (ഉലകം ചുറ്റും വാലിബൻ)|| Raj Babu || [[Jayaram]], [[Mithra Kurian]], [[Biju Menon]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] || Comedy, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7876/malayalam/ulakam-chuttum-vaaliban/index.htm | title=Ulakam Chuttum Valiban | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' || K Biju || [[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Bhavana (Malayalam actress)|Bhavana]], [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]] || Romance, Comedy ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8922/malayalam/doctor-love/index.htm | title=Doctor Love | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 23
| ''[[Sarkar Colony]]'' || V. S. Jayakrishna || [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] || Comedy, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7784/malayalam/sarkar-colony/index.htm | title=Sarkar Colony | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Koratty Pattanam Railway Gate]]'' (കൊരട്ടി പട്ടണം റെയിൽവേ ഗേറ്റ്) || Hafiz Ismail ||Ajay Natesh, Mallika, Premnath, Rajeev Rajan || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9368/malayalam/koratty-pattanam-railway-gate/index.htm | title=Koratty Pattanam Railway Gate | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 30
| ''[[Snehaveedu]]'' (സ്നേഹവീടു്) || [[Sathyan Anthikkadu]] || [[Mohanlal]], [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]], [[Biju Menon]], [[Sheela (actress)|Sheela]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9212/malayalam/snehaveedu/index.htm | title=Snehaveedu | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Makaramanju]]'' (മകരമഞ്ഞു്) ||[[Lenin Rajendran]] || [[Santhosh Sivan]], [[Karthika Nair]], [[Nithya Menen]] || Epic, [[Biographical film|Biographical]], Romance, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/moviepage.aspx?movie=7143 | title=Makaramanju | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''O C T O B E R'''</big>
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 6
| ''[[Indian Rupee (film)|Indian Rupee]]'' || Ranjith || [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]], [[Rima Kallingal]] || Satire, Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8825/malayalam/indian-rupee/index.htm | title=Indian Rupee | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 14
| ''[[Pachuvum Kovalanum]]'' (പാച്ചുവും കോവാലനും) || Thaha|| [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Suraj Venjaramood]], [[Meghna Raj]], [[Jyothirmayi]] || Comedy||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8901/malayalam/pachuvum-kovalanum/index.htm | title=Pachuvum Kovalanum | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10 | archive-date=22 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122211115/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8901/malayalam/pachuvum-kovalanum/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sandwich (2011 film)|Sandwich]]'' || M. S. Manu || [[Kunchacko Boban]], [[Richa Panai]], [[Ananya (actress)|Ananya]] || Romance, Comedy||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8855/malayalam/sandwich/index.htm | title=Sandwich | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Veeraputhran]]'' (വീരപുത്രൻ) || [[P. T. Kunju Muhammed]] || [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], [[Raima Sen]], [[Lakshmi Gopalaswamy]] || [[Historical film|Historical]], Biographical||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7714/malayalam/veera-puthran/index.htm | title=Veeraputhran | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"| 21
| ''[[Krishnanum Radhayum]]'' (കൃഷ്ണനും രാധയും) || [[Santhosh Pandit]] || [[Santhosh Pandit]], Souparnika, Rupa Jith, Devika || Family, Drama||style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9637/malayalam/krishnanum-radhayum/index.htm | title=Krishnanum Radhayum | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10 | archive-date=23 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023215021/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9637/malayalam/krishnanum-radhayum/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;"|26
|''[[Sthalam]]''||Kaviyoor Sivaprasad||[[Bala (actor)|Bala]], [[Shweta Mohan]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" valign="center" align="center" style="background:thistle; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''N O V E M B E R'''</big>
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''[[Naayika]]'' (നായിക) || [[Jayaraj]]|| [[Jayaram]], [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8504/malayalam/naayika/index.htm | title=Naayika | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Swapna Sanchari]]'' (സ്വപ്ന സഞ്ചാരി) || [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] || [[Jayaram]], [[Samvrutha Sunil]] || Drama||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9457/malayalam/swapna-sanchari/index.htm | title=Swapna Sanchari | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="12" valign="center" align="center" style="background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" | <big> '''D E C E M B E R'''</big>
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 2
| ''[[Beautiful (2011 film)|Beautiful]]'' || [[V. K. Prakash]]|| [[Jayasurya]], [[Meghana Raj]], [[Anoop Menon]] || Suspense thriller ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9547/malayalam/beautiful/index.htm | title=Beautiful | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Innanu Aa Kalyanam]]'' (ഇന്നാണു് ആ കല്യാണം) || [[Rajasenan]] || [[Rejith Menon]], [[Saranya Mohan]], [[Malavika Wales]] || Romance, Comedy ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9121/malayalam/innaanu-aa-kalyanam/index.htm | title=Innanu Aa Kalyanam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| ''Sundara Kalyanam'' (സുന്ദര കല്യാണം) || Chandra Mohan || Ubaid, [[Sruthi Lakshmi]] || Romance, Drama||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8163/malayalam/sundara-kalyanam/index.htm | title=Sundara Kalyanam | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 9
| ''[[Athe Mazha Athe Veyil]]'' (അതേ മഴ അതേ വെയിൽ)|| G. Manu || [[Anoop Menon]], [[Lena (actress)|Lena]]|| Drama ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/7401/malayalam/athe-mazha-athe-veyil/index.htm | title=Athe Mazha Athe Veyil | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10}}</ref>
|-
|''Bhagavathipuram'' (ഭഗവതിപുരം)||Prakashan || Ashraf, [[Arun (actor)|Arun]], Souparnika || Drama||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9447/malayalam/bhagavathipuram/index.htm | title=Bhagavathipuram | publisher=Nowrunning.com | access-date=2011-12-10 | archive-date=1 February 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020122/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/9447/malayalam/bhagavathipuram/index.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''Happy Durbar''||Hari Amaravila ||[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Suraj Venjaramood]]||Comedy||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/10268/happy-darbar.html | title=Happy Darbar | publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] | access-date=2011-12-10 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713064057/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/10268/happy-darbar.html | archive-date=13 July 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Killadi Raman]]'' (കില്ലാടി രാമൻ) ||[[Thulasidas]]||[[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], Megha Nair, [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]||Comedy, Drama||style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/10726/killadi-raman.html | title=Killadi Raman | publisher=[[Oneindia.in]] | access-date=2011-12-10 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717045252/http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/10726/killadi-raman.html | archive-date=17 July 2012 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"|13
|''[[Adimadhyantham]]''||Sherrey||Prajith, [[Sajitha Madathil]], [[Mamukkoya]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 16
| ''[[Oru Marubhoomikkadha]]'' (അറബീം ഒട്ടകോം പി. മാധവൻ നായരും ഇൻ ഒരു മരുഭൂമിക്കഥ)|| [[Priyadarshan]] || [[Mohanlal]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Lakshmi Rai]], [[Bhavana (Malayalam actress)|Bhavana]] || Comedy, Romance ||style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="Arabiyum Ottakavum P.Madhavan Nairum in Oru Marubhoomi Kadha">{{cite web|title=Arabiyum Ottakavum P.Madhavan Nairum in Oru Marubhoomi Kadha|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8589/malayalam/arabiyum-ottakavum-p-madhavan-nairum-in-oru-marubhoomi-kadha/index.htm|publisher=Nowrunning.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Venicile Vyapari]]'' (വെനീസിലെ വ്യാപാരി ) ||[[Shafi (director)|Shafi]]||[[Mammootty]], [[Kavya Madhavan]], [[Poonam Bajwa]]||Comedy, Drama||style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="Venicile Vyapari Malayalam Movie">{{cite web|title=Venicile Vyapari Malayalam Movie|url=http://www.metromatinee.com/movies/index.php?FilmID=3408-Venicile%20Vyapari|publisher=Metromatinee.com}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"|17
|''[[Bombay Mittayi]]''||Umar Karikkad||[[Vinu Mohan]], Neelambari, [[Dimple Kapadia]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; textcolor:#000;"| 25
| ''[[Vellaripravinte Changathi]]'' (വെള്ളരിപ്രാവിന്റെ ചങ്ങാതി)|| [[Akku Akbar]] || [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]], [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]], [[Kavya Madhavan]], [[Manoj K. Jayan]] || Drama ||style="text-align:center;"|
|}

{{Reflist}}

{{Malayalam films|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2011 films}}

[[Category:Lists of Malayalam films by year|2011]]
[[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films| 2011]]
[[Category:Lists of 2011 films by language|Malayalam]]
[[Category:2011 in Indian cinema]]

Once Upon Two Times

2026-03-02T04:43:26Z

NoemiConley374: New a article w/ refs

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Once Upon Two Times.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = Sonakshi Mittal
| writer = Sonakshi Mittal
| producer = Shashi Mittal Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal Ajay Rai
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Sanjay Suri]]
* Mrinal Kulkarni
* Anud Singh Dhaka
* [[Nitesh Pandey]]
* Kashish Khan
}}
| cinematography = Jayesh Nair
| editing = Hardik Singh Reen
| music = Rajat Tiwari
| studio = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|12|23}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Once Upon Two Times''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Romance movie|romance]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed and written by Sonakshi Mittal.<ref>{{cite web | title=Once Upon Two Times | website=The Tribune | date=30 December 2023 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/once-upon-two-times-576604 | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=31 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231054122/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/once-upon-two-times-576604 | url-status=live }}</ref> Produced under [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]], it stars [[Sanjay Suri]], Mrinal Kulkarni, Anud Singh Dhaka, [[Nitesh Pandey]] and Kashish Khan.<ref>{{cite web | last=Features | first=CE | title=Once Upon Two Times trailer out | website=Cinema Express | date=21 December 2023 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/Dec/21/once-upon-two-times-trailer-out-50593.html | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=5 December 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205125106/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/Dec/21/once-upon-two-times-trailer-out-50593.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The film was premiered on [[ZEE5]] from 23 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web | last=Features | first=CE | title=Sanjay Suri and Mrinal Kulkarni's Once Upon Two Times to release on this date | website=Cinema Express | date=17 December 2023 | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/ott/news/2023/Dec/17/sanjay-suri-and-mrinal-kulkarnis-once-upon-two-times-to-release-on-this-date-50466.html | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=13 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913053123/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertagids&topUrl=www.cinemaexpress.com&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent= | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Sanjay Suri]] as Kaushik Awasthi
* Mrinal Kulkarni as Purnima Roongta
* Anud Singh Dhaka as Ahaan Awasthi
* [[Nitesh Pandey]] as Nipun Roongta
* Kashish Khan as Ruhi Roongta

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Once Upon Two Times
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Rajat Tiwari
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|26}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Once Upon Two Times (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | website=Apple Music - Web Player | date=26 December 2023 | url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/once-upon-two-times-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1723025492 | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=13 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913053122/https://music.apple.com/in/album/once-upon-two-times-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1723025492 | url-status=live }}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=17|s=12}}
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| language = Hindi
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video|header=Official audio|{{YouTube|Nlggyitpm8s|Once Upon Two Times - Full Album}}}}
}}
The film has following tracks:
{{Track listing
| headline= Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=17|s=12}}
| title1 = Ghar Mil Gaya
| extra1 = Amarabha Banerjee
| length1 = 4:13
| title2 = Lamhe Lakhere
| extra2 = Rajat Tiwari
| length2 = 3:19
| title3 = Raah Niharu
| extra3 = Suvarna Tiwari
| length3 = 5:27
| title4 = Ghar Mil Gaya - Reprise
| extra4 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| length4 = 4:13
}}

== Reception ==
Satish Sundaresan of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | last=Sundaresan | first=Satish | title=Once Upon Two Times film review: Sonakshi Mittal gives many reasons to smile! | website=OTTPlay | date=29 December 2023 | url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/once-upon-two-times-film-review-debutant-director-sonakshi-mittal-gives-many-reasons-to-smile-through-sanjay-suri-mrinal-kulkarni-and-nitesh-pandey/1cc37d8a4c704 | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=27 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227182327/https://www.ottplay.com/review/once-upon-two-times-film-review-debutant-director-sonakshi-mittal-gives-many-reasons-to-smile-through-sanjay-suri-mrinal-kulkarni-and-nitesh-pandey/1cc37d8a4c704 | url-status=live }}</ref> Sonal Pandya of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 2.5 stars out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web | last=Pandya | first=Sonal | title=Once Upon Two Times Movie Review: Family Drama About Estranged Exes Has Interesting Premise | website=Times Now | date=29 December 2023 | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/once-upon-two-times-movie-review-family-drama-about-estranged-exes-is-absorbing-review-106358504 | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=14 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114141657/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/once-upon-two-times-movie-review-family-drama-about-estranged-exes-is-absorbing-review-106358504 | url-status=live }}</ref> Pushpangi Raina of ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]'' reviewed the film.<ref>{{cite web | last=Raina | first=Pushpangi | title='Once Upon Two Times' On Zee5 Review: A Family Drama Intertwining Marriage Complexities | website=Outlook India | date=29 December 2023 | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-once-upon-two-times-on-zee5-review-a-family-drama-intertwining-marriage-complexities-movie_reviews-339553 | access-date=5 September 2024 | archive-date=13 September 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913053227/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-once-upon-two-times-on-zee5-review-a-family-drama-intertwining-marriage-complexities-movie_reviews-339553 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt26826786}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/once-upon-two-times/0-0-1z5485690 ''Once Upon Two Times''] on [[ZEE5]]
{{Portal bar|India|Film|Bollywood|border=no}}

[[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original films]]

Bif Naked

2026-02-09T01:06:23Z

NoemiConley374: quick adjust article for consistency and corrected details

{{Short description|Canadian singer (born 1971)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Bif Naked
| image = Bif naked (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Naked performing live in 2006
| birth_name = Beth Nicole Torbert<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/search/workID/310469124 |title=ANY DAY NOW |website=ASCAP |publisher=American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers |access-date=August 1, 2024}}</ref>
| alias = Beth Hopkins, Beth Walker, Beth Torbert
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|June 15, 1971}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| origin = [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada
| genre = {{hlist|[[Alternative rock]]|[[pop punk]]|[[Electronic dance music|EDM]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer-songwriter|producer|manager}}
| instruments = {{hlist|Vocals|synths}}
| years_active = 1994–present
| label = {{hlist|Concrete|[[Aquarius Records (Canada)|Aquarius]]|[[Lava Records|Lava]]|[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]|[[Her Royal Majesty's Records|Her Royal Majesty's]]|[[Warner Music Canada|Warner]]|International Arts}}
| associated_acts = Peter Karroll Jordan Alexander
| website = {{URL|bifnaked.com}}

}}

'''Beth Nicole Torbert''' (born June 15, 1971) is a Canadian singer best known by her stage name '''Bif Naked'''. Between 1996 and 2016, she was among the top 150 selling Canadian artists in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bdsradio.com/pd/docs/Nielsen_Canadian150_2017_vs2.pdf|title=NIELSEN MUSIC & BILLBOARD PRESENT CANADA 150 CHARTS|website=bdsradio.com|page=28|access-date=January 2, 2020|archive-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102202137/https://bdsradio.com/pd/docs/Nielsen_Canadian150_2017_vs2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> She charted at No. 1 on Billboard Canada for the single "Spaceman" and was heavy rotation on MTV TRL for the video of "Moment of Weakness". The album ''[[I Bificus]]'' was multiplatinum internationally.

==Early life and education==
Bif Naked was born in [[New Delhi]], India, on June 15, 1971, to teenage parents attending boarding school.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Bif Naked Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/bif-naked-mn0000054822#biography |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> She was subsequently adopted by American [[missionary|missionaries]].<ref name=CBC30Sep2007>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/new-tattoo-and-wedding-vows-for-bif-naked-1.641857 | access-date=November 26, 2008 | title=New tattoo and wedding vows for Bif Naked | date=September 30, 2007 | publisher=[[CBC News]] | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081201024524/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2007/09/30/bif-wedding.html| archive-date= December 1, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> She spent part of her childhood in [[Lexington, Kentucky]],<ref name="LarkinHR">{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock]]|editor=[[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]]|publisher=[[Virgin Books]]|date=1999|edition=First|isbn=0-7535-0257-7|page=56}}</ref> where her father was a professor at the [[University of Kentucky]]. She went to Kelsey Elementary School in [[The Pas]], Manitoba, for a couple of years.<ref name="LarkinHR"/> After living for a time in [[Dauphin, Manitoba|Dauphin]], Manitoba, her family eventually settled in [[Winnipeg]].<ref name="Saunders">{{cite magazine
|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1285/is_12_29/ai_57873752
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629032822/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1285/is_12_29/ai_57873752
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=June 29, 2007
|title=A Blast Called Bif
|magazine=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]
|author=Dudley Saunders
|publisher=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]]
|date=December 1999
|access-date=September 10, 2006
}}</ref><ref name=JamEncyc>{{cite encyclopedia | url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Pop_Encyclopedia/N/Naked_Bif.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115122014/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Pop_Encyclopedia/N/Naked_Bif.html | url-status=usurped | archive-date=January 15, 2013 | publisher=[[Jam!]] | access-date=November 26, 2008 | title=Bif Naked | encyclopedia=The Canadian Pop Encyclopedia }}</ref> She graduated from [[John Taylor Collegiate]] and studied theatre at the [[University of Winnipeg]]. After university, she began pursuing a career as a stand-up comic.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

The name "Bif" started as a nickname based on the mispronunciation of her real name, Beth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shavemagazine.com/entertainment/090701|title=Interview With Bif Naked|publisher=ShaveMagazine.com|access-date=July 11, 2009|archive-date=August 7, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807054718/http://www.shavemagazine.com/entertainment/090701|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
After spending several years singing with several underground bands, Bif Naked independently released a self-titled solo album, ''[[Bif Naked (album)|Bif Naked]]'', in 1994,<ref name="LarkinHR"/> and ''[[I Bificus]]'' in 1998. In 1999, she toured across Canada.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/19990502205928/http://www.chartattack.com/damn/index.html#Headline3 "BIF NAKED'S I BIFICUS GETS U.S. RELEASE!"]}}. ''Chart Attack'', April 30, 1999</ref>

Another solo album, ''[[Purge (Bif Naked album)|Purge]]'' was released in 2001.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20011121220838/http://chartattack.com/damn/2001/09/0401.cfm "CD REVIEWS: Bif Naked, System Of A Down, Zeke and many more"]}}. ''Chart Attack'', September 4, 2001 By: Debbie Bento, Jenny Yuen</ref> She also released a [[spoken word]] album called ''Okenspay Ordway: Things I Forgot To Tell Mommy''. In 2005, after narrowing it down from over fifty songs, she released ''[[Superbeautifulmonster]]'', which featured thirteen tracks. ''[[The Promise (Bif Naked album)|The Promise]]'', which was recorded while Bif was undergoing [[chemotherapy]] for breast cancer, was released in 2009 and was dedicated to her fans. The album featured tracks mixed by [[Juno Award]] winner [[Mike Fraser (record producer)|Mike Fraser]]. In 2011, after doing acoustic sets on tour, Bif released an acoustic record on Her Royal Majesty's Records in late-2013. The album features acoustic versions of her past songs as well as four previously unreleased tracks. The album is entitled ''BIF NAKED FOREVER: Acoustic Hits and Other Delights''. Bif has also been involved on a side project, ''Jakkarta''.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Prior to her solo career, Torbert played with punk bands Gorilla Gorilla and Chrome Dog. She has toured Europe, the United States, and Canada as a headlining act, and has performed on bills with: [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Billy Idol]], [[Dido (singer)|Dido]], [[Devin Townsend]], [[Sarah McLachlan]], [[Sheryl Crow]], [[Chrissie Hynde]], [[Foo Fighters]], [[The Cult]], [[The Prodigy|Prodigy]], [[The Smashing Pumpkins|Smashing Pumpkins]], [[Ministry (band)|Ministry]], [[Green Day]], and many more.

Bif's music has been featured in and on soundtracks for shows including ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Charmed]]'', ''[[Moonlight (American TV series)|Moonlight]]'', ''[[The Crow: Stairway to Heaven]]'', ''[[Ready To Rumble]]'', ''[[The West Wing]]'' and ''[[Celebrity Deathmatch]]''. She recorded a rendition of the Christmas [[Christmas carol|classic]], "[[I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus]]" for [[MTV]]'s ''[[Total Request Live]]'' CD ''[[MTV: TRL Christmas]]'' in 1999 and was also featured on the ''[[Ready to Rumble]]'' soundtrack with a cover of [[Twisted Sister]]'s "[[We're Not Gonna Take It (Twisted Sister song)|We're Not Gonna Take It]]". The cover was additionally used as [[David Arquette]]'s entrance theme while he was on [[WCW Monday Nitro]].<ref>{{Citation|title=David Arquette Custom Titantron 2018| date=November 18, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4SNH1z7knQ&list=PLRX7BwZVMC5_czMAisx0plxtW3isAxQOt&index=6|language=en|access-date=August 4, 2019}}</ref> The song "Dawn", taken from ''[[Purge (Bif Naked album)|Purge]]'', was featured in the film ''[[American Psycho 2]]'', starring [[Mila Kunis]] and [[William Shatner]].

She made a guest appearance in the song "Fucker", on [[Strapping Young Lad]]'s album ''[[The New Black]]'' in 2006. Bif Naked has also made guest appearances with artists such as [[SNFU]] on the songs "One Last Loveshove" and "You Make Me Thick". She also appeared on the [[Dead Celebrity Status]] album ''[[Blood Music (Dead Celebrity Status album)|Blood Music]]'' on the track titled "In This Day and Age". In 2011, she recorded a duet with Vancouver-based yogi and [[Nettwerk]] recording artist [[Will Blunderfield]] for the international version of his album ''Hallelujah''.

Bif Naked has also appeared in music videos for other artists including: "Believe Me" and "Silver" by [[Moist (Canadian band)|Moist]] and [[Liveonrelease]]'s "Get with It." In 2009, she appeared in the video for [[Simple Plan]]'s "[[Save You (Simple Plan song)|Save You]]" near the end along with other people (such as [[Sharon Osbourne]] and [[René Angélil]]) who have survived or have been treated for cancer.

Aside from her music career, Bif has also pursued acting. In 1990, she appeared in the film ''[[Archangel (1990 film)|Archangel]]'', where she was credited as "Bif Torbert," playing a Russian soldier. In 1997, she played a [[liquor store]] manager in ''The Boys Club''. She appeared in the television series ''[[Once a Thief (TV series)|Once a Thief]]'' in 1998, playing Nastassja Momomame. In 2000, she voiced the character Alison in the ''[[Daria]]'' movie, ''[[Is It Fall Yet?]]'', playing a bisexual art camp attendee who attempts to seduce [[Jane Lane (Daria)|Jane Lane]]. She appeared in the Canadian indie films ''[[Lunch with Charles]]'' (2001) and ''Crossing'' (2005), the latter of which she recorded the song "My Greatest Masterpiece" for. She has done hosting work for the [[CBC Television]] series ''[[ZeD]]'' (becoming their first host in 2002), and for Bodog, hosting ''Bodog Fight'' in 2006 as well as a [[reality show|reality series]] chronicling the days leading up to her marriage with [[Vancouver Sun]] sports writer, Ian Walker, in 2007 called ''Bif Naked Bride''.<ref>Sandra Sperounes, "Indie artists have a new home in ZeD," ''[[Edmonton Journal]],'' March 22, 2002, pg. E.4.</ref><ref>[http://www.bodogbeat.com/archives/2006/08/bif_naked_fight.html Bodog bio for Bif Naked] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060829235323/http://www.bodogbeat.com/archives/2006/08/bif_naked_fight.html |date=August 29, 2006 }}</ref> She voiced the character Zoe Payne in the ''[[SSX (series)|SSX]]'' video game series<ref name="btva">{{cite web |title=Bif Naked (visual voices guide) |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Bif-Naked/ |website=Behind The Voice Actors |access-date=19 April 2022}}</ref> and ''[[Sled Storm (2002 video game)|Sled Storm]]''. In 2003, she made a [[cameo appearance]] in the [[zombie]] horror film ''[[House of the Dead (film)|The House of the Dead]]''. That same year, she appeared as a judge of a fictitious reality show in the TV series ''[[Cold Squad]]''. In 2006, she guest starred on an episode of ''[[The L Word]],'' playing a character named Cynthia. In addition, Bif Naked has appeared as herself in ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[The Crow: Stairway to Heaven]]'' and ''[[The Chris Isaak Show]]''. Bif Naked also narrated the TV series ''That's Art?!'' (2012).<ref>{{cite web|title=BIF NAKED|url=http://feldman-agency.com/artist-233/bif-naked|website=Feldman-agency.com|access-date=February 13, 2017}}</ref>

In 2021, Bif appeared as a guest judge on an episode of the [[Canada's Drag Race (season 2)|second season]] of ''[[Canada's Drag Race]].''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://inmagazine.ca/2021/11/canadas-drag-race-season-2-episode-5-recap-bye-flop/|title='Canada's Drag Race' Season 2 Episode 5 Recap: Bye Flop|author=Bianca Guzzo|newspaper=In Magazine|date=November 12, 2021|access-date=July 12, 2022}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:UFV Convocation 2013 23 (9039012714).jpg|thumb|right|Bif Naked at the [[University of the Fraser Valley]] receiving an honorary degree in 2013]]
Bif Naked is heavily tattooed, getting her first tattoo (an [[Eye of Horus|Egyptian Eye of Horus]]) when she was sixteen years old. Her tattoos include a symbol of the [[Tao]], Japanese writing, [[Buddhist]] poetry and images (such as the [[Bodhisattva]]), and [[Hindu]] imagery; she has stated on [[MTV]] that her favorite tattoo, on her left arm, reads "Survivor". Bif identifies as [[polyamorous]] and [[pansexual]].<ref name="chartattack">{{cite magazine |title=Is That a Mic Between Bif Naked's Legs? |url=http://www.chartattack.com/photos/photo-of-the-week/is-that-a-mic-between-bif-nakeds-legs |date=July 16, 2001 |access-date=November 26, 2008 |first=Cait |last=Hammett |magazine=[[Chart (magazine)|Chart]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201063710/http://www.chartattack.com/photos/photo-of-the-week/is-that-a-mic-between-bif-nakeds-legs |archive-date=December 1, 2008 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

Her first marriage, which lasted six months, was to her drummer in Gorilla Gorilla. She then married former ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'' sports writer Ian Walker in 2007; they divorced in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chatelaine.com/en/article/35063--bif-naked-on-surviving-breast-cancer-and-her-marriage-breakup |title=Bif Naked on surviving breast cancer and her... {{!}} Chatelaine.com |access-date=June 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629101428/http://www.chatelaine.com/en/article/35063--bif-naked-on-surviving-breast-cancer-and-her-marriage-breakup |archive-date=June 29, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In January 2008, she announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer, and underwent a [[lumpectomy]] and [[chemotherapy]].<ref name="Gold">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080106.wbif0106/BNStory/Entertainment |title=Bif Naked diagnosed with breast cancer |author=Kerry Gold |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=January 2008 |access-date=January 6, 2008}}</ref>

Bif Naked spoke at the [[University of the Fraser Valley]] for [[International Women's Day]] on March 8, 2013, at the [[Abbotsford, British Columbia|Abbotsford]] campus; it was announced she would be awarded an honorary doctorate from the university in June 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.ufv.ca/blog/2013/03/ufv-to-give-honorary-degree-to-canadian-rocker-bif-naked/ |title=UFV to give honorary degree to Canadian rocker Bif Naked | UFV TodayUFV Today |publisher=Blogs.ufv.ca |date=March 12, 2013 |access-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

In 2016, she was married a third time and divorced. She recently divorced<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newwestrecord.ca/news/bif-naked-on-finding-new-love-pride-and-more-1.2021481 |title=Bif Naked on finding new love, Pride and more!|publisher=New West Record |date=August 5, 2015 |access-date=August 7, 2015}}</ref>

Bif is a [[Veganism|vegan]].<ref>[https://impactmagazine.ca/features/athletes-with-impact/bif-naked "Bif’s Naked Truth"]. impactmagazine.ca. Retrieved 30 January 2023.</ref>

Her memoir ''I Bificus'' was published by [[HarperCollins]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=I, Bificus |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/i-bificus-1.4210824 |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=CBC Books |publisher=CBC |date=18 July 2017}}</ref>

==Band membership==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}

===Current band members===
* Bif Naked – lead vocals
* Doug Fury – guitars
* Chiko Misomali – drums, backing vocals
* Peter Karroll – bass

===Past members===
* Peter Karroll - guitars, bass
* Ferdy Belland - bass
* Alley Artico – guitars
* [[Warrior Soul|Alex "XFactor" Arundel]] – guitars
* Kuryakin – keyboards, bass, backing vocals
* Corrine Culbertson CoCo – bass
* Mike Sage – drums
* Doug Fury – guitars, bass
* [[Gail Greenwood]] – bass
* Scotty McCarger – drums
* Chris Crippin – drums
* [[Destruction (band)|Randy Black]] – drums
* [[Neurosonic|Jacen Ekstrom]] – bass (deceased)
* Gillian Hanna – guitars (deceased)
* [[Britt Black]] – guitars
* [[Rich Priske]] – bass (deceased)
* Scott Cooke – bass
* Tim Smyth – bass
* [[Templar (band)|Greg Mark]] – guitars
* [[Sean Stubbs]] – drums
* [[Lamar 'Muc' Engel]] - bass (touring)
* [[Econoline Crush|Adam "ATOM" Percy]] – keyboards
* [[D.O.A. (band)|Dan Yaremko]] – bass
* Dave Martone – bass
* Gabe Cipes – bass
* Joe Veltri – bass

==Discography==

===Studio albums===
*''[[Bif Naked (album)|Bif Naked]]'' – 1994<ref name="MapleMusic">{{cite web |title=Bif Naked Biography |url=http://www.maplemusic.com/artists/bna/bio.asp |website=MapleMusic |access-date=November 9, 2018 |date=August 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031023246/http://www.maplemusic.com/artists/bna/bio.asp |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*''[[I Bificus]]'' – 1998 (CRIA – Platinum)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cria.ca/gold/0109_g.php |title=Gold & Platinum Certification – January 2009 |publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=February 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215011930/http://cria.ca/gold/0109_g.php |archive-date=December 15, 2010 }}</ref> [[CMJ|US CMJ]] #67<ref>https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/CMJ/1999/CMJ-1999-11-01.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=November 2025}}</ref>
*''[[Purge (Bif Naked album)|Purge]]'' – 2001 (CRIA – Gold)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cria.ca/gold/0503_g.php |title=Gold & Platinum Certification – May 2003 |publisher=[[Canadian Recording Industry Association]] |access-date=August 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212002313/http://www.cria.ca/gold/0503_g.php |archive-date=February 12, 2009 }}</ref>
*''[[Superbeautifulmonster]]'' – 2005 (No. 12 CAN)
*''[[The Promise (Bif Naked album)|The Promise]]'' – 2009 (No. 30 CAN)
*''Champion'' – 2024

===EPs and compilations===
*''Four Songs and a Poem'' – 1994
*''Okenspay Ordway: Things I Forgot to Tell Mommy'' – 1997
*''Another 5 Songs and a Poem'' – 2000
*''Essentially Naked'' – 2003 (No. 40 CAN)
*''[[Bif Naked Forever: Acoustic Hits & Other Delights]]'' – 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nightmaircreative.com/2012/10/new-bif-naked-so-happy-i-could-die/ |title=New Bif Naked! So Happy I Could Die |publisher=nightMair Creative |date=October 1, 2012 |access-date=May 19, 2014}}</ref>

===Singles===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"| Year
! rowspan="2" style="width:15em;"| Single
! Peak positions
! rowspan="2"| Album
|- style="font-size:smaller;"
! style="width:60px;"| [[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]] <ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.3504&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|title=Top Singles – Volume 67, No. 1, March 30, 1998|magazine=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]]|access-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302153442/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.3504&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5|archive-date=March 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1995
! scope="row"| "Tell on You"
| —
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Bif Naked (album)|Bif Naked]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "My Whole Life"
| —
|-
! scope="row"| "Everything"
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1996
! scope="row"| "Daddy's Getting Married"
| —
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1998
! scope="row"| "[[Spaceman (Bif Naked song)|Spaceman]]"
| 2
| rowspan="4"| ''[[I Bificus]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Chotee"
| 39
|-
! scope="row"| "Lucky"
| 11
|-
| 1999
! scope="row"| "Moment of Weakness"
| —
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2000
! scope="row"| "Twitch"
| —
| rowspan="2"| ''Another 5 Songs and a Poem''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[We're Not Gonna Take It (Twisted Sister song)|We're Not Gonna Take It]]"
| —
|-
| 2001
! scope="row"| "I Love Myself Today"
| —
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Purge (Bif Naked album)|Purge]]''
|-
| 2002
! scope="row"| "Tango Shoes"
| —
|-
| rowspan=3| 2003
! scope="row"| "Leader"
| —
|-
! scope="row"| "Choking on the Truth"
| —
|-
! scope="row"| "Rich and Filthy"
| —
| rowspan="2"| ''Essentially Naked''
|-
| 2004
! scope="row"| "Back in the Day"
| —
|-
| rowspan=2| 2005
! scope="row"| "Let Down"
| —
| rowspan="4"| ''[[Superbeautifulmonster]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "[[Nothing Else Matters]]"
| —
|-
| rowspan=2| 2006
! scope="row"| "Everyday"
| —
|-
! scope="row"| "The World Is Over"
| —
|-
| 2007
! scope="row"| "My Greatest Masterpiece"
| —
|| ''Crossing – Soundtrack''
|-
| rowspan=3| 2009
! scope="row"| "Fuck You 2"
| —
| rowspan="3"| ''[[The Promise (Bif Naked album)|The Promise]]''
|-
! scope="row"| "Sick"
| —
|-
! scope="row"| "King of Karma"
| —
|-
| 2012
! scope="row"| "So Happy I Could Die"
| —
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Bif Naked Forever: (Acoustic Hits & Other Delights)]]''
|-
| 2014
! scope="row"| "The Only One"
| —
|-
| 2018
! scope="row"| "HEAVY" (feat. Snake and the Chain)
| —
| {{N/A|Non-album single}}
|-
| colspan="4" style="font-size:8pt"| "—" denotes releases that did not chart
|}

===Music videos===
*"Everything" (1994)
*"My Whole Life"
*"Tell on You"
*"Never Alone"
*"Daddy's Getting Married" (directed by [[William Morrison (director)|William Morrison]] 1996)
*"Spaceman"
*"Lucky" (co-directed by Peter Karroll)
*"Moment of Weakness" (1999) (directed by [[Marcos Siega]])
*"We're Not Gonna Take It"
*"Chotee"
*"Twitch" (1999) (directed by Peter Karroll)
*"I Love Myself Today"
*"Tango Shoes" (directed by Neill Blomkamp (District 9 / Chappie)
*"Choking in the Truth" (directed by Neill Blomkamp (District 9 / Chappie)
*"Back in the Day" (co-directed by Peter Karroll)
*"Rich and Filthy"
*"Let Down" (directed by Peter Karroll)
*"Nothing Else Matters"
*"Everyday" (directed by Peter Karroll)
*"My Greatest Masterpiece" (2007)
*"Fuck You 2" (2009)
*"Sick" (2009)
*"King of Karma" (2009)
*"Only One" 2016 directed by Coco Karroll
*"Heavy" 2018 directed by Peter Karroll
*"Jim" (2020)

==See also==
{{Portal|Music|Canada}}
*[[Canadian rock]]
*[[Music of Canada]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{official website}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160111105228/http://newbodogmusic.com/ Bodog Music] record label
*{{Discogs artist}}
*{{allMusic}}
*{{IMDb name}}

{{Bif Naked}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bisexual singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Bisexual women musicians]]
[[Category:Bisexual women writers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian rock musicians]]
[[Category:University of Winnipeg alumni]]
[[Category:Canadian adoptees]]
[[Category:Canadian indie rock musicians]]
[[Category:Canadian punk rock singers]]
[[Category:Canadian video game actresses]]
[[Category:Canadian voice actresses]]
[[Category:Canadian women rock singers]]
[[Category:Women punk rock singers]]
[[Category:Actresses from Winnipeg]]
[[Category:Musicians from Winnipeg]]
[[Category:Writers from Winnipeg]]
[[Category:Canadian LGBTQ singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Canadian bisexual actresses]]
[[Category:Canadian bisexual singers]]
[[Category:Canadian bisexual writers]]
[[Category:Canadian pansexual people]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian women singers]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian guitarists]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian bass guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian bass guitarists]]
[[Category:Canadian musicians of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Pansexual musicians]]
[[Category:Pansexual women]]
[[Category:People from The Pas]]
[[Category:People from Dauphin, Manitoba]]
[[Category:Polyamorous people]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian women guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian women guitarists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian memoirists]]
[[Category:Canadian women memoirists]]
[[Category:Bisexual memoirists]]
[[Category:Singers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Canadian women bass guitarists]]
[[Category:Singers from Manitoba]]
[[Category:LGBTQ women singers]]

Madhab Chandra Dash

2026-02-08T12:00:47Z

NoemiConley374: starting info.

{{Short description|Indian ecologist and environmental biologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Madhab Chandra Dash
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1939|11|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Malati Patpur]], [[Puri]], [[Odisha]]
| field = [[Ecology]], [[Conservation Biology]], [[Environmental Pollution]]
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw College]], [[Utkal University]], [[University of Calgary]]
| doctoral_advisor = J. B. Cragg
| known_for = [[Vermitechnology]], [[Environmental Biology]], [[Soil Biology]], [[Environmental Impact Assessment]]
}}

'''Madhab Chandra Dash''' (born 1939 in Puri, Odisha) is an Indian ecologist and environmental biologist. He is currently a member of the Appellate Authority, Water (PCP) Act, 1974 Government of Orissa.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority">{{cite web |url=http://orienvappellateauthority.nic.in/MC-Dash.html |title=Bio-data of Prof. (Dr.) Madhab Chandra Dash |publisher=Appellate Authority |accessdate=2012-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725141432/http://orienvappellateauthority.nic.in/MC-Dash.html |archive-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nieindia">http://www.nieindia.org/ijees/PDF/V34/34-223.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is a former vice chancellor of [[Sambalpur University]] (2001–2004).<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /> He is a past chairman of the Orissa State Pollution Control Board (1997–2001) and a former member of the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /><ref name="nieindia" /><ref name="orissahighcourt">{{cite web|url=http://orissahighcourt.nic.in/courtnews/IssueNo-XII.pdf |title=News Bulletin April–July 08 |accessdate=2012-10-20}}</ref>

Dash taught ecology at the School of Life Sciences, in Sambalpur University from 1973 until 1997 and was instrumental in expansion of the department as well as making it one of the early academic departments in India to focus on a broader life science curricula. He became a full professor in 1975 and was the head of the department from 1974 until 1987.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

==Educational background==
Madhab Chandra Dash was born in 1939 in [[Puri]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] in a [[Utkala Brahmin|Brahmin]] family.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mishra |first=P. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPEegmF3IB4C&dq=madhab+chandra+dash+brahmin&pg=PR15 |title=Advances in Ecology and Environmental Sciences |date=1995 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-676-3 |language=en}}</ref> He completed an undergraduate degree in Zoology (Honours) from [[Ravenshaw College]] in Cuttack and later completed a masters in Zoology at [[Utkal University]].<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /> Dash received his doctoral (PhD) degree in 1970 from the [[University of Calgary]] under the guidance of J. B. Cragg.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /><ref name="archivescanada">{{cite web |url=http://www.archivescanada.ca/english/search/ItemDisplay.asp?sessionKey=999999999_142&l=0&lvl=1&v=0&coll=1&itm=252218&rt=1&bill=1 |title=Archives Canada |accessdate=2012-10-14 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419025627/http://www.archivescanada.ca/english/search/ItemDisplay.asp?sessionKey=999999999_142&l=0&lvl=1&v=0&coll=1&itm=252218&rt=1&bill=1# |archive-date=2013-04-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="dspace.ucalgary">{{cite journal|url=https://dspace.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/15034 |title=Ecology of enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in Rocky Mountain forest soils (Kananaskis region, Alberta, Canada) |year=1970 |publisher=DSpace at University of Calgary |doi=10.11575/PRISM/17296 |accessdate=2012-10-14|last1=Dash |first1=Madhab Chandra }}</ref> His thesis was titled "Ecology of enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in Rocky Mountain forest soils (Kananaskis region, Alberta, Canada)".<ref name="Dash1970">{{cite book|author=M C. Dash|title=Ecology of enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in Rocky Mountain forest soils (Kananaskis region, Alberta, Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ScXKZwEACAAJ|accessdate=20 October 2012|year=1970|publisher=University of Calgary}}</ref>

After completing his PhD, he returned to India and help grow biological sciences in the State of Orissa and joined the School of Life Sciences at Sambalpur University.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

==Contributions==
Dash has done pioneering work in vermitechnology, soil ecology, conservation of sea turtles, population biology, quantitative ecology, energetics of soil oligochaetes, larval energetics of amphibia, environmental impact assessment (EIA), sustainable development, environmental pollution and its mitigation. He has been instrumental in providing guidance to 41 doctoral students and numerous masters students.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /><ref name="Mishra1995">{{cite book|author=Pramod Chandra Mishra|title=Advances In Ecology And Environmental Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPEegmF3IB4C&pg=PR6|accessdate=20 October 2012|date=1 January 1995|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-676-3|pages=xv–xxiii}}</ref>

His work on vermitechnology was one of the earliest in India during the late 1970s<ref name="nieindia_a">http://www.nieindia.org/ijees/PDF/35-163.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and he produced one of the early studies on turtle migration and breeding on the coast of Orissa (Gahirmatha).<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /><ref name="trove">{{cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20891067?selectedversion=NBD8343477 |title=The turtle paradise, Gahirmatha : an ecological analysis and conservation strategy |author=Madhab Chandra Dash |author2=Chandra Sekhar Kar |publisher=Trove |accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref> He co-authored one of the earliest book on turtle migrations and population studies to the east coast of India, Gahirmatha in Orissa in 1990.<ref name="trove" /> He has conducted work on environmental pollution especially in relation to iron-ore industries, steel and aluminium industries.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

Dash was a former Member, National Expert Committee for EIA & EMP of Mining Projects (1995–1997 – 3 years), of the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

From 2002 until 2005, he was the Chairman of the National Steering Committee (which consisted of ten high level expert members) for Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility programmes sponsored by TSBF, Nairobi, UNEP, MoEF, (Govt. of India), [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi on "Conservation and Sustainable Management for Below Ground Bio-diversity" operating at multiple centers and also contributed to the second phase of the programme from 2007 until 2009.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

Dash was the Chairman, Expert Committee (that consisted of 11 members) for Environmental clearance to the Thermal Power Plants set up by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF notification No. S.O.-319(E)) from April, 1997 to 2008 by Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

He was the Chairman of the visiting team of [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (UGC), Bangalore to Colleges and Universities – from 2002 to 2007. He has led over 15 major research projects in Ecology and Environmental Sciences, EIA & EMP etc. sponsored by variety of national and international institutions such as Smithsonian, USA, World Bank, UGC & CSIR, New Delhi, MoEF, New Delhi, Govt. of Orissa.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /><ref name="www-wds.worldbank">{{cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/02/12/000333038_20080212024858/Rendered/PDF/E18000EA0P09341SAR1EA1P0934780Vol.1.pdf |title=World Bank Document |accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref>

Dash has been an expert advisor to the "House Committee on Environment" of Orissa Legislative Assembly, Government of Orissa since 2005.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /> Prof. Dash has also consulted widely by the industry especially on environment matters (EIA, EMP, Environmental Law).<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

Dash has published more than 200 peer reviewed scientific papers and authored more than 17 books and numerous book chapters for leading publishers across the world such as Cambridge University Press UK, Academic Press USA, Macmillan India and Tata McGraw Hill, India.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" /><ref name="tatamcgrawhill">{{cite book|url=http://www.tatamcgrawhill.com/html/9780070083660.html |title=FUNDAMENTALS OF ECOLOGY |author=M. Dash |author2=S. Dash |year=2009 |publisher=Tata – McGraw-Hill Education |isbn=9780070083660 |accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref><ref name="highered.mcgraw-hill">{{cite web|url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0070083665/802001/About_the_Authors.pdf |title=Bio highered.mcgraw-hill.com }}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
Dash was awarded by the State Government of the Orissa in 1991 its highest scientific honour (Samanta Chandrasekhar Award) for his seminal contributions of life sciences research.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

He is a fellow of Fellow, National Academy of Science (Allahabad), India and a Fellow, National Institute of Ecology (New Delhi), India.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

Two species of Indian earthworms have been named after him for his contribution to the field of vermitechnology.<ref name="orienvappellateauthority" />

==Selected Books and Book Chapters==

Dash, M.C. 1979. Consumers in "Grassland Ecosystems of the World" (Ed. T.T. Coupland), Cambridge University Press, U.K. 609.653 p.

Dash, M.C. (co-author), 1980. Decomposer Subsystems. In "Grassland Systems Analysis and Man". (Eds. Breymeyer and van Dyne). Cambridge University Press, U.K. 609–653 p.

Dash, M.C. 1987. The Other Annelids (other than Polychaetes). In "Animal Energetics Vol. I" (Eds. Pandian and Vernberg). Academic Press, USA. 261–299.

Dash, M.C. 1993. Fundamentals of Ecology. Tata- McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1999, 5th Reprint), 2nd revised edition 2001, 10th reprint, 2008, 525 p., 3rd revised edition, 2009 (in Press)

Dash, M.C. 2000. Role of Enchytraeids in Tropical Agro eco-systems. "In management of Tropical Agro eco-systems and the beneficial of soil Biota". Oxford & IBH Publication (P) Ltd.

Dash, M.C. 2004. Ecology, Chemistry and Management of Environmental Pollution. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi. 322 p.

Dash M. C. (2012). Charles Darwin's Plough: Tools for Vermitechnology. IK International Publishers. {{ISBN|9381141274}}
{{ISBN|978-9381141274}}.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dash, Madhab Chandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian ecologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Sambalpur University alumni]]

Joker Thulasi

2026-02-07T23:07:33Z

NoemiConley374: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian actor (1950–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Joker Thulasi
| birth_name = Thulas
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| birth_date = {{birth date|1950|03|15|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|5|10|1950|3|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1976–2021
| notable_works = {{Ubl | ''[[Maruthu Pandi]]'' | ''[[Udan Pirappu]]'' | ''[[Thamizhachi]]'' | ''[[Ilaignar Ani]]'' | ''[[Avathara Purushan]]''}}
| television = {{Ubl | ''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]'' | ''[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]'' | ''[[Keladi Kanmani]]''}}
}}

'''<nowiki>''Joker''</nowiki> Thulasi''' (15 March 1950 – 10 May 2021<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/veteran-actor-joker-thulasi-passes-away/articleshow/82515086.cms?from=mdr | title=Veteran actor Joker Thulasi passes away | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=10 May 2021 | accessdate=17 May 2021 | archive-date=17 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517220912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/veteran-actor-joker-thulasi-passes-away/articleshow/82515086.cms?from=mdr | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kalakkalcinema.com/joker-thulasi-passes-away/154878/ |script-title=ta:கொரானாவால் பழம்பெரும் நடிகர் ஜோக்கர் துளசி காலமானார் – வெளியான அதிர்ச்சித் தகவல் |language=ta |trans-title=Legendary actor Joker Tulsi dies at Korana - Shocking news released |date=10 May 2021 |website=kalakkalcinema.com |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510081228/https://www.kalakkalcinema.com/joker-thulasi-passes-away/154878/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) was an Indian actor, who worked in Tamil film and television industry. Thulasi made his acting debut in the Tamil film ''Ungalil Oruthi'' directed by [[Devaraj–Mohan|Devaraj-Mohan]] released on 11 April 1976, and was a veteran stage actor and film actor for decades. He appeared in some well-known films such as ''[[Thamizhachi]]'', ''[[Ilaignar Ani]]'', ''[[Udan Pirappu]]'', ''[[Avathara Purushan]]'', and ''[[Mannai Thottu Kumbidanum]]''. His performances in many films were lauded especially in ''[[Thirumathi Palanisamy]]'' which was one of the best films of the year 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onenov.in/joker-thulasi-actor/|title=Joker Thulasi|date=2018-07-06|website=Onenov|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-04|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204024837/https://www.onenov.in/joker-thulasi-actor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/tv-actor/joker-thulasi|title=Telugu Tv Actor Joker Thulasi Biography, News, Photos, Videos|website=nettv4u|language=en|access-date=2020-02-04|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204024839/https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/telugu/tv-actor/joker-thulasi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/veteran-tamil-actor-joker-thulasi-passes-away-chennai-due-covid-19-148632 | title=Veteran Tamil actor 'Joker' Thulasi passes away in Chennai due to COVID-19 | publisher=The NewsMinute | date=11 May 2021 | accessdate=17 May 2021 | archive-date=17 May 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517221135/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/veteran-tamil-actor-joker-thulasi-passes-away-chennai-due-covid-19-148632 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
He was born in [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. In his early years, he became a stage actor. He was the first actor in the Kanmani theatre troupe in Chennai. Since then, he made his film debut in the Ungalil Oruthi movie.

== Film career ==
Thulasi made his lead actor debut in the Tamil film “[[Maruthu Pandi]]” along with [[Ramki]] and [[Seetha (actress)|Seetha]], directed by Manoj Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2017/06/11/joker-thulasi/|title=Joker Thulasi [Comedian]|last=kalyani|date=2017-06-11|website=Antru Kanda Mugam|language=en|access-date=2020-02-04|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204024835/https://antrukandamugam.wordpress.com/2017/06/11/joker-thulasi/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Television career ==
Thulasi had supporting roles in Tamil television serials, including such notable serials as:

* [[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]
* [[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]
* [[Keladi Kanmani (TV series)|Keladi Kanmani]]
* [[Megala (TV series)|Megala]]
* [[Muthaaram (TV series)|Muthaaram]]
* [[Kasthuri (TV series)|Kasthuri]]
* [[Naanal (TV series)|Naanal]]
* [[Madhavi (TV series)|Madhavi]]
* [[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]
* Vannakkolangal (as File Pandi an in the episode File vangalayo file)

== Filmography ==
''This is a partial filmography. You can expand it.''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1976
|Ungalil Oruthi
|
|
|-
|1976
|[[Manmadha Leelai (1976 film)|Manmadha Leelai]]
|
|
|-
|1982
|[[Pattanathu Rajakkal]]
|
|
|-
|1986
|[[Thazhuvatha Kaigal]]
|
|
|-
|1987
|[[Idhu Oru Thodar Kathai]]
|
|
|-
|1988
|[[Oorai Therinjikitten (film)|Oorai Therinjikitten]]
|Lunatic person
|
|-
|1990
|[[Namma Ooru Poovatha]]
|
|
|-
|1990
|[[Maruthu Pandi]]
|
|
|-
|1990
|[[Nangal Puthiyavargal]]
|
|
|-
|1991
|[[Chithirai Pookkal]]
|
|
|-
|1991
|[[Marikozhundhu]]
|
|
|-
|1992
|[[Thirumathi Palanisamy]]
|
|
|-
|1992
|[[Samundi]]
|
|
|-
|1993
|[[Maravan]]
|
|
|-
|1993
|[[Udan Pirappu]]
|Beggar
|
|-
|1993
|[[Ulle Veliye]]
|
|
|-
|1994
|[[Ilaignar Ani]]
|
|
|-
|1994
|[[Sevatha Ponnu]]
|
|
|-
|1995
|[[Thamizhachi]]
|
|
|-
|1995
|[[Chinna Mani]]
|
|
|-
|1995
|[[Sindhu Bath]]
|
|
|-
|1995
|[[Neela Kuyil]]
|
|
|-
|1995
|[[Mannai Thottu Kumbidanum]]
|
|
|-
|1996
|[[Katta Panchayathu]]
|
|
|-
|1996
|[[Avathara Purushan]]
|
|
|-
|1996
|[[Vaazhga Jananayagam]]
|
|
|-
|1996
|[[Purushan Pondatti]]
|
|
|-
|1997
|[[Kaalamellam Kaathiruppen]]
|
|
|-
|1997
|[[Ratchagan]]
|
|
|-
|1998
|[[Moovendhar]]
|
|
|-
|1998
|[[Pudhumai Pithan (1998 film)|Pudhumai Pithan]]
|
|
|-
|1999
|[[Adutha Kattam]]
|
|
|-
|2000
|[[Nee Enthan Vaanam]]
|
|
|-
|2004
|[[Aai (film)|Aai]]
|
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|8909681}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thulasi, Joker}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]

Ugram (battle rifle)

2026-02-05T19:24:36Z

NoemiConley374: stub

{{Short description|Indian assault rifle}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = Ugram
| image =
| image_size = 343px
| caption =
| origin = India
| type = [[Battle rifle]]
| is_ranged = yes
| service = User Trials
| used_by = {{flagicon|India}} [[Indian Armed Forces]]
| wars = 
| designer = [[Armament Research and Development Establishment]]
| design_date = August–September 2022
| title =
| manufacturer = Dvipa Defence<ref>{{cite web |title=U-51 (7.62 X 51 mm) |url=https://dvipa.in/ugram-u-51/ |publisher=dvipa Defence India Private Limited |access-date=19 August 2025}}</ref>
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants = 
| spec_label =
| weight = {{convert|3.91|kg|lb||abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|960|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| part_length = {{convert|415|mm|in|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |title=DRDO develops new assault rifle |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/drdo-develops-new-assault-rifle |website=Janes |publisher=Janes |date=2024-01-09 |access-date=2025-06-28}}</ref>
| velocity = 715-890 m/s
| range = {{convert|500|m|yd|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/ugram-drdo-launches-indigenous-assault-rifle-for-armed-forces-18753101.htm |title=DRDO launches indigenous assault rifle 'Ugram' for armed forces |website=CNBCTV18 |date=2024-01-09 |accessdate=2025-06-28}}</ref>
| max_range =
| feed = 20-round [[magazine (firearms)]] and is designed to fire both automatic and single-shot modes.
| sights = [[Iron sights]] (100-500 meters Range)
| cartridge = [[7.62x51mm]]
| action = [[Gas-operated]], [[rotating bolt]]
| rifling = 
| ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://dvipa.in/ugram/ |title=Ugram |website=Dvipa Armour India Private Limited |accessdate=2025-06-28}}</ref>
}}
'''Ugram''' is a [[7.62x51mm]] [[battle rifle]], designed and developed by the Armament Research and Development Establishment, in collaboration with a private industry partner, Dvipa Defence. It is intended for use by [[Indian Armed Forces]], [[paramilitary]] units, and [[special forces]], particularly in [[Counterinsurgency|counter-insurgency]] and [[Counterterrorism|counter-terrorism]] operations. The rifle is notable for its fully indigenous design, aiming to reduce reliance on foreign suppliers and align with the "[[Atmanirbhar Bharat]]" initiative.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-09 |title=DRDO launches indigenous assault rifle 'Ugram' for armed forces |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/drdo-launches-indigenous-assault-rifle-ugram-for-armed-forces/articleshow/106671400.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DRDO Launches Indigenous Assault Rifle 'Ugram' |url=https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/drdo-launches-indigenous-assault-rifle-ugram |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Drishti IAS |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation| ]]
[[Category:7.62×51mm NATO battle rifles]]
[[Category:Rifles of India]]

Pashupati seal

2026-02-01T15:33:35Z

NoemiConley374: page updated

{{Short description|Steatite seal discovered at Mohenjo-daro}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{infobox artifact
| name = Pashupati seal
| material = [[Steatite]]
| image = Shiva Pashupati.jpg
| location = [[National Museum of India]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| created = {{circa|2200 BC}}
| height = 3.56 cm
| width = 3.53 cm
| discovered_date = 1928 or 1929
| discovered_place = [[Sindh]], [[British Raj]]
| caption = The Pashupati seal, showing a seated and possibly [[tricephalic]] figure, surrounded by animals
}}

The '''Pashupati seal''' (also '''Mahayogi seal''',<ref name="Possehl2002">{{cite book|last=Possehl|first=Gregory L.|title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmAuAsi4ePIC&pg=PA114|year=2002|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7591-0172-2|pages=114–}}</ref> '''Proto-Śiva seal'''<ref name="AmeriCostello2018">{{cite book|last1=Ameri|first1=Marta|last2=Costello|first2=Sarah Kielt|last3=Jamison|first3=Gregg|title=Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World: Case Studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SklVDwAAQBAJ&pg=154|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-17351-3|pages=154–}}</ref> the adjective "so-called" sometimes applied to "[[Pashupati]]"),<ref name="Geer2008">{{cite book|last=Geer|first=Alexandra Anna Enrica van der|title=Animals in Stone: Indian Mammals Sculptured Through Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ3quxh9gsgC&pg=PA27|year=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16819-0|pages=27–}}</ref> is a [[steatite]] [[Impression seal|seal]] which was uncovered in [[Mohenjo-daro]], now in modern day [[Pakistan]], a major urban site of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] ("IVC"), during excavations in 1928 or 1929, when the region was under [[British Raj|British rule]]. The excavations were carried out by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], the official body responsible for preservation and excavation. The seal depicts a seated figure that is possibly [[Three-headed|tricephalic]] (having three heads). The seated figure has been thought to be [[ithyphallic]], an interpretation that has been questioned by many,<ref>For example, [[Wendy Doniger]], in ''[[The Hindus: An Alternative History]]'', page 34, 2009, Viking: "... the Indus seal we all once interpreted as an ithyphallic Shiva Pashupati is probably just someone sitting cross-legged, as South Asians are inclined to do, with a bulging loincloth knot...".</ref> but was still held by the IVC specialist [[Jonathan Mark Kenoyer]] in a publication of 2003.<ref>Kenoyer, 403</ref> The man has a horned headdress and is surrounded by animals. He may represent a [[horned deity]].<ref name="Lochtefeld"/>{{sfn|Doniger|2011|pp=485–508}}{{sfn|Samuel|2017|pp=3–4, 6–8}}<ref name="Werness 2006"/>

It has one of the more complicated designs in the thousands of seals found from the Indus Valley civilization, and is unusual in having a human figure as the main and largest element; in most seals this is an animal.<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1947-0416-1 "stamp-seal"], [[British Museum]]</ref> It had been claimed to be one of the earliest depictions of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]—"Pashupati" (Lord of animals) being one of his epithets, or a "proto-Shiva" deity.<ref name="Werness 2006">{{harvnb|Werness|2006|p=270}}</ref>{{sfn|Witzel|2008|pp=68–70, 90: "It is known from internal evidence that the Vedic texts were orally composed in northern India, at first in the Greater Punjab and later on also in more eastern areas, including northern Bihar, between ca. 1500 BCE and ca. 500–400 BCE. The oldest text, the Rgveda, must have been more or less contemporary with the Mitanni texts of northern Syria/Iraq (1450–1350 BCE); ..." (p. 70) "a Vedic connection of the so-called Siva Pasupati found on some Harappa seals (D. Srinivasan 1984) cannot be established; this mythological concept is due, rather, to common Eurasian ideas of the "Lord of the Animals" who is already worshipped by many Neolithic hunting societies." (p. 90)}}

Though the combination of elements in the Pashupati seal is unique, there are a group of other Indus seals that have some of them. One, also from Mohenjo-daro (find number DK 12050) and now in [[Islamabad]], has a nude three-faced horned deity seated on a throne in a yogic position, wearing bangles on its arms. In this case no animals are depicted, and there is some dispute as to the gender of the figure, despite it seeming to have a beard.<ref>Kenoyer, 402–403</ref>

The Pashupati seal is in the [[National Museum of India]], having been moved there with the other Mohenjo-daro finds before independence. These were reserved for the future national museum, finally founded in 1949,<ref>Singh (2015), 111–112</ref> and the seal was allocated to the [[Dominion of India]] at [[Partition of India|Partition]] in 1947.

==Discovery and description==
[[File:Mohenjo-daro.jpg|thumb|A view of the Mohenjo-daro excavation site. The DK-G Area where the seal was found lies north-east of the [[Great Bath]] seen in the foreground<ref>{{cite web|last=Kenoyer|first=Jonathan Mark|title=Mohenjo-daro: Introduction|url=http://www.mohenjodaro.net/mohenjodarointroduction.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201085754/http://www.mohenjodaro.net/mohenjodarointroduction.html|archive-date=2013-12-01}}</ref>]]

The seal was uncovered in 1928 or 1929, in Block 1, Southern Portion of the DK-G Area of Mohenjo-daro, at a depth of 3.9 meters below the surface.{{sfn|Mackay|1928–29|pp=74–75}} [[Ernest J. H. Mackay|Ernest Mackay]], who directed the excavations at Mohenjo-daro, dated the seal to the Intermediate I Period (now considered to fall around 2350–2000 BCE) in his 1937–1938 report in which the seal is numbered 420, giving it its alternate name.{{sfn|Mackay|1937–38|loc=plate XCIV; no. 420}}

The seal is carved in [[steatite]] and measures 3.56 cm by 3.53 cm, with a thickness of 7.6 mm. It has a human figure at the centre seated on a platform and facing forward. The legs of the figure are bent at the knees with the heels touching and the toes pointing downwards. The arms extend outwards and rest lightly on the knees, with the thumbs facing away from the body. Eight small and three large bangles cover the arms. The chest is covered with what appear to be necklaces, and a double band wraps around the waist. The figure wears a tall and elaborate headdress with a central fan-shaped structure flanked by two large striated horns. The human figure is surrounded by four wild animals: an elephant and a tiger to its one side, and a [[wild water buffalo|water buffalo]] (''bubalus arnee'') and an [[Indian rhinoceros]] on the other. Under the dais are two deer or ibexes looking backwards, so that their curved horns almost meet in the centre. At the top of the seal are seven [[Indus script]] symbols, with the last apparently displaced downwards for lack of horizontal space.<ref>Possehl, 141</ref>{{sfn|Marshall|1931|p=52}}

==Post-excavation history==
[[File:Pashupati_seal_impression.jpg|thumb|An impression made from the steatite seal]]

The finds from Mohenjo-daro were initially deposited in the [[Lahore Museum]], but later moved to the ASI headquarters in [[New Delhi]], where a new "Central Imperial Museum" was being planned for the new capital of the [[British Raj]], in which at least a selection would be displayed. It became apparent that [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] was approaching, but the [[Partition of India]] was not anticipated until late in the process. The new Pakistani authorities requested the return of the Harappan pieces excavated on their territory, but the Indian authorities refused. Eventually an agreement was reached, whereby the finds, totalling some 12,000 objects (most [[sherd]]s of pottery), were split equally between the countries; in some cases this was taken very literally, with some necklaces and girdles having their beads separated into two piles. In the case of the "two most celebrated sculpted figures", Pakistan asked for and received the [[Priest-King (sculpture)|Priest-King]] figure, while India retained the [[Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)|''Dancing Girl'']],<ref>Singh (2015), 111–112 (112 quoted)</ref> and also the ''Pashupati seal''.

<gallery>
File:Mohenjo-daro Seated figure 222.jpg|Mohenjo-daro, Seated figure 222
File:Mohenjo-daro Seated figure 235.jpg|Mohenjo-daro, Seated figure 235
</gallery>

==Interpretations==

===Marshall's identification with proto-Shiva===
The first description and analysis of the seal's iconography was that of the archaeologist [[John Marshall (archaeologist)|John Marshall]] who had served as the Director-General of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] and led the excavations of the Indus Valley sites. In addition to the general features of the seal described above, he also saw the central figure as a male deity as three-faced, with a possible fourth face towards the back and, as [[ithyphallic]], while conceding that what appeared to be the exposed phallus could instead be a tassel hanging from the waistband. Most significantly he identified the seal as an early prototype of the [[Hindu]] god [[Shiva]] (or, his Vedic predecessor, [[Rudra]]), who also was known by the title [[Pashupati]] ('[[Lord of the animals|lord or father of all the animals']]) in historic times.{{sfn|Marshall|1931|pp=52–57}} In a 1928–29 publication, Marshall summarized his reasons for the identification as follows:
{{Blockquote|My reasons for the identification are four. In the first place the figure has three faces and that Siva was portrayed with three as well as with more usual five faces, there are abundant examples to prove. Secondly, the head is crowned with the horns of a bull and the ''[[trishul (weapon)|trisula]]'' are characteristic emblems of Siva. Thirdly, the figure is in a typical yoga attitude, and Siva [sic] was and still is, regarded as a ''mahayogi''—the prince of ''[[Yogi]]s''. Fourthly, he is surrounded by animals, and Siva is par excellence the "Lord of Animals" (''Pasupati'')—of the wild animals of the jungle, according to the Vedic meaning of the word ''pashu'', no less than that of domesticated cattle.{{sfn|Mackay|1928–29|pp=74–75}}|author=|title=|source=}}

Later, in 1931, he expanded his reasons to include the fact that Shiva is associated with the phallus in the form of ''[[linga]]'', and that in medieval art he is shown with deer or ibexes, as are seen below the throne on the seal.{{sfn|Marshall|1931|pp=52–57}}{{sfn|McEvilley|1981|pp=45–46}} Marshall's analysis of the Indus Valley religion, and the Pashupati seal in particular, was very influential and widely accepted for at least the next two generations. Herbert Sullivan, who had significant disagreements with it, recognised in 1964 that Marshall's analysis "has been accepted almost universally and has greatly influenced scholarly understanding of the historical development of Hinduism".{{sfn|Sullivan|1964}}

Writing in 1976, [[Doris Meth Srinivasan|Doris Srinivasan]] introduced an article otherwise critical of Marshall's interpretation by observing that "no matter what position is taken regarding the seal's iconography, it is always prefaced by Marshall's interpretation. On balance the proto-{{IAST|Śiva}} character of the seal has been accepted."{{sfn|Srinivasan|1975–76|pp=47–58}} [[Thomas McEvilley]] noted, in line with Marshall, that the central figure was in the [[hatha yoga|yoga]] pose [[Mulabandhasana]], quoting the ''[[Kalpa Sutra]]''{{'}}s description "a [[squatting position]] with joined heels" used with meditation and fasting to attain infinite knowledge (''[[kevala]]'').{{sfn|McEvilley|1981|pp=47–51}}

[[Alf Hiltebeitel]] noted in 2011 that, following Marshall's analysis, "nearly all efforts at interpreting the [Indus Valley] religion have centered discussion around [the Pashupati seal] figure".{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|2011|p=399}} A lot of discussion has taken place about this seal.<ref name="Bryant, Edwin, p.163">Bryant, Edwin, p.163</ref> While Marshall's work has earned some support, many critics and even supporters have raised several objections.<ref name="Lochtefeld">See e. g. James G. Lochtefeld, ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism'', vol. 2: N–Z. The Rosen Publishing Group, New York 2002, p. 633, who doubts the connection of the seal to Shiva, given the supposedly late age of the god.</ref>

Herbert Sullivan interpreted the figure as a female goddess on the grounds that the so-called erect phallus actually represents the dangling end of a waistband or girdle, a feature found on many undoubtedly female [[terracotta]] figurines, and ambiguous on some other seals, including DK 12050 (mentioned above). Marshall himself had admitted this was possible. In the terracottas, males are always nude; in addition, the jewellery worn on the Pashupati seal is characteristic of female rather than male terracottas.<ref>Sullivan, 119–120; Hiltebeitel, 229–230 partly concurs</ref>

===Doris Srinivasan's reinterpretation ===
[[File:Durga Temple Aihole ADSC 1481.jpg|thumb|[[Mahishasura]], the buffalo demon being slayed by the goddess [[Durga]]. [[Durga Temple, Aihole]]]]

[[Doris Meth Srinivasan|Doris Srinivasan]], a professor of Indian studies, raised objections to Marshall's identification, and provided a interpretation for the figure, where she postulated the lateral projections were cow-like ears rather than faces, which had already been suggested by Sullivan and others.<ref>Sullivan, 120; Singh (2008), 172</ref> In 1975 or 1976, she published a journal article titled 'The So-Called Proto-śiva Seal from Mohenjo-Daro: An Iconological Assessment' in the academic journal ''Archives of Asian Art''.{{sfn|Srinivasan|1975–76|pp=47–58}} In 1997, she reiterated her views in a book titled ''Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art''.

According to her, the two extra faces could be reinterpreted as possible ears, and the central face has predominant bovine features. She has drawn similarities between the central figure of seal 420, and other artefacts from the Indus Valley such as the horned mask from Mohenjo-Daro, the terracotta bull from [[Kalibangan]], and the depiction of a horned deity on a water pitcher from the archaeological site of [[Kot Diji]]. She has also noted that the yogic posture of the figure is repeated on a number of other seals and sealings, some of which indicate that the figure receives worship. On the basis of these observations, she suggests that the figure of seal 420 could be a divine buffalo-man.{{sfn|Srinivasan|1997|p=181}}

=== Dravidian Interpretations ===

Scholars who consider the [[Indus Valley civilisation]] to be associated with a [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] rather than [[Vedic period|Vedic]] context have offered other interpretations.<ref>Hiltebeitel, 406</ref> Expanding on a mention by [[Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi|D. D. Kosambi]] in 1962,<ref>Kosambi, 2–3</ref> Alf Hiltebeitel thought the horned figure could be a prototype of [[Mahishasura]], the buffalo demon enemy of the Hindu goddess [[Durga]]. He has also argued that the tiger depicted in the seal could relate to the goddess Durga who is often depicted as riding a tiger (or a lion) in the Hindu pantheon. He also suggested that the surrounding animals could represent the [[vahana]]s (vehicles, mounts) of deities for the four cardinal directions.{{sfn|Hiltebeitel|2011|pp=399–432}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Bryant|first=Edwin|title=The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate|url=https://archive.org/details/questfororiginsv00brya|url-access=limited|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2001|isbn=0199881332|pages=[https://archive.org/details/questfororiginsv00brya/page/n175 163]}}</ref>

Where Marshall's description had "the head is crowned with the horns of a bull", Hiltebeitel is emphatic that the figure has the very different horns of a buffalo, and that IVC people familiar with both species would not have confused the two species: "One might imagine a "proto-Siva" with bull's horns as a prefiguration of Siva's connection with his ''[[vahana]]'' or riding vehicle [[Nandi (mythology)|Nandin]]. But a "proto-Siva" with buffalo's horns would take too much explaining to retain credibility".<ref>Hiltebeitel, 405, 430–431</ref>

The American archaeologist [[Walter Fairservis]] tried to translate what he considered to be a Dravidian inscription, and was of the view that the seal could be identified with Anil, the paramount chief of four clans represented by the animals. The Finnish Indologist, [[Asko Parpola]] has suggested that the yogic pose could be an imitation of the [[Proto-Elamite]] way of representing seated bulls. He attempted to translate the inscription which he considers to be an early form of Dravidian, and found that the figure represents a servant of an aquatic deity.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ratnagar|first=Shereen|title=Trading Encounters: From the Euphrates to the Indus in the Bronze Age|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780195666038|pages=25}}</ref> He finds that the animals depicted on the seal best resemble those associated with the Hindu god [[Varuna]] who could be associated with the aquatic themes which are prominent in the Indus religion.<ref name=":2" />

=== Vedic Interpretations ===
[[File:Agni god of fire.jpg|thumb|Agni is the god of fire, and a prominent deity in the Vedas|alt=]]

[[Krishna_Rao_(archaeologist)|M.V.N. Krishna Rao]] identified the figure with the Hindu god Indra. He argued that the tiger could be ignored since it is much larger than the other animals, and the two deer could also be ignored since they were seated under the table. Then he combined the first phoneme of each of the animals, and the word 'nara' meaning man, and arrived at the term 'makhanasana' which is an epithet of Indra.<ref name=":2" />

=== Not determinable ===

Some 21st-century scholars have urged caution in interpretation. The American Indologist [[Wendy Doniger]] wrote in 2011 that while "several generations of scholars"{{sfn|Doniger|2011|pp=485–508}} had taken up Marshall's suggestion, and while there was "a general resemblance" between the figure on the seal and later Hindu images of Shiva, and while the people of the Indus could have had "a symbolism of the divine phallus",{{sfn|Doniger|2011|pp=485–508}} all the same "we cannot know it, [and] it does not mean that the Indus images are the source of the Hindu images, or that they had the same meaning."{{sfn|Doniger|2011|pp=485–508}} The scholar of religious studies [[Geoffrey Samuel]] wrote that the multiple interpretations "certainly cannot all be right".{{sfn|Samuel|2017|pp=3–4, 6–8}} Since, further, there was no obvious method for choosing between the interpretations, and little was known with certainty about Indus Valley religious practices, "the evidence for the yogic or 'Tantric' practices is so dependent on reading later practices into the material that it is of little or no use for constructing any kind of history of [such] practices".{{sfn|Samuel|2017|pp=3–4, 6–8}}

==See also==
* [[Gundestrup cauldron]]
* [[Cernunnos]]
* [[Gutasaga]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* {{cite journal |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |author-link=Wendy Doniger |title=God's Body, or, The Lingam Made Flesh: Conflicts over the Representation of the Sexual Body of the Hindu God Shiva |journal=Social Research |date=2011 |volume=78 |issue=2, Part 1 (Summer 2011) |pages=485–508 |doi=10.1353/sor.2011.0067 |jstor=23347187|s2cid=170065724 }}
* {{cite book |last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf |author-link=Alf Hiltebeitel |editor=Adluri, Vishwa |editor2=Bagchee, Joydeep |title=When the Goddess was a Woman: Mahabharata Ethnographies - Essays by Alf Hiltebeitel | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZupXwid01CoC |year=2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-19380-2 |chapter=The Indus Valley "Proto-Śiva", Reexamined through Reflections on the Goddess, the Buffalo, and the Symbolism of vāhanas}}
*[[Jonathan Mark Kenoyer|Kenoyer, J.M.]], entry by, in: Matthiae, P; Lamberg-Karlovsky, Carl Clifford, ''Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus'', p. 403, 2003, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC google books]
*[[Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi|Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand]], ''Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture'', 1962 (2005 reprint), Popular Prakashan, ISBN 9788171548705, 8171548709, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1x3fbEC3KnsC google books]
* {{cite journal |last=Mackay |first=Ernest John Henry |title=Excavations at Mohenjodaro |journal=Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India |year=1928–29 |pages=67–75}}
* {{cite book |last=Mackay |first=Earnest John Henry |title=Further excavations at Mohenjo-Daro : being an official account of archaeological excavations at Mohenjo-Daro carried out by the Government of India between the years 1927 and 1931 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.9954 |year=1937–38 |publisher=Government of India |location=Delhi}}
* {{cite journal |last=McEvilley |first=Thomas |title=An Archaeology of Yoga |journal=RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics |year=1981 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=44–77 |doi=10.1086/RESv1n1ms20166655 |author-link=Thomas McEvilley |jstor=20166655 |s2cid=192221643}}
* {{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |author-link=John Marshall (archaeologist) |title=Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization: Being an Official Account of Archaeological Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro Carried Out by the Government of India Between the Years 1922 and 1927 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tpc7FjVk0BMC |year=1931 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1179-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Possehl |first=Gregory L. |author-link=Gregory Possehl |title=The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XVgeAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154 |year=2002 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=978-0-7591-1642-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Samuel |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Samuel |year=2017 |orig-year=2008 |title=The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521695343}}
* Singh, Kavita, "The Museum Is National", Chapter 4 in: Mathur, Saloni and Singh, Kavita (eds), ''No Touching, No Spitting, No Praying: The Museum in South Asia'', 2015, Routledge, [https://www.academia.edu/12710849/The_Museum_is_National PDF on academia.edu]
*[[Upinder Singh|Singh, Upinder]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA170 ''A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century''], 2008, Pearson Longman, ISBN 9788131716779
* {{cite journal |last=Srinivasan |first=Doris |title=The So-Called Proto-śiva Seal from Mohenjo-Daro: An Iconological Assessment |journal=Archives of Asian Art |year=1975–76 |volume=29 |pages=47–58 |author-link=Doris Meth Srinivasan |jstor=20062578}}
* {{cite book |last=Srinivasan |first=Doris |title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art |publisher=Brill |year=1997 |isbn=9004107584}}
* {{cite journal |last=Sullivan |first=Herbert P. |title=A Re-Examination of the Religion of the Indus Civilization |journal=History of Religions |year=1964 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=115–125 |jstor=1061875 |doi=10.1086/462498 |s2cid=162278147}}
* {{cite book |last=Werness |first=Hope B. |title=Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in World Art |year=2006 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0826419132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBSDddO-9PoC&pg=PA270 |page=270}}
* {{cite book |last=Witzel |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Witzel |editor=Gavin Flood |title=The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SKBxa-MNqA8C&pg=PA68|year=2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-99868-7|pages=68–70|chapter=Vedas and Upanisads}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite book |last=McIntosh |first=Jane |title=A Peaceful Realm: The Rise And Fall of the Indus Civilization |location=Boulder |publisher=Westview Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-8133-3532-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/peacefulrealmri00mcin}}
* {{cite book |last=McIntosh |first=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&pg=FA275|year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-907-2|chapter=Religion and ideology}}
* {{cite book |last=Thapar |first=Romila |author-link=Romila Thapar |title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5irrXX0apQC&pg=FA85 |year=2004 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24225-8}}
* {{cite journal |last=Witzel |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Witzel |journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies |title=The Languages of Harappa |date=February 2000 |url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/IndusLang.pdf}}
* {{cite book |last=Wright |first=Rita P. |author-link=Rita P. Wright |title=The Ancient Indus: Urbanism, Economy, and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAgFPQAACAAJ |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-57219-4}}

{{Indus Valley Civilization}}
{{Shaivism}}
[[Category:3rd-millennium BC works]]
[[Category:1920s archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Horned gods]]
[[Category:Mohenjo-daro]]
[[Category:Bronze Age art]]
[[Category:Seals (insignia)]]
[[Category:Indian art]]
[[Category:Elephants in art]]
[[Category:Tigers in art]]
[[Category:Individual hardstone carvings]]
[[Category:National Museum, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Pakistani sculpture]]
[[Category:Shiva in art]]
[[Category:Animal gods]]

Health care access among Dalits in India

2026-01-25T06:32:36Z

NoemiConley374: quick update

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
[[File:Basor_Dalit_caste.jpg|thumb|Dalit Community in India]]
Achieving [[Universal health care|Universal Health Care]] has been a key goal of the [[Government of India|Indian Government]] since the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] was drafted. The Government has since launched several programs and policies to realize [[Health For All|'Health for All']] in the nation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zodpey |first1=Sanjay |last2=Farooqui |first2=Habib Hasan |date=April 2018 |title=Universal Health Coverage in India: Progress achieved & the way forward |journal=Indian Journal of Medical Research |language=en-US |publication-date=April 2018 |volume=147 |issue=4 |pages=327–329 |doi=10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_616_18 |pmid=29998865 |pmc=6057252 |issn=0971-5916 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Understanding India's Healthcare System |url=https://www.internationalinsurance.com/health/systems/india.php |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=International Citizens Insurance |language=en-US}}</ref> These measures are in line with the [[Sustainable Development Goals|sustainable development goals]] set by the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's National Health Policy 2017 and 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - International Institute for Global Health |url=https://iigh.unu.edu/publications/blog/indias-national-health-policy-2017-and-2030-agenda-for-sustainable-development.html |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=iigh.unu.edu |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gera |first1=Rajeev |last2=Narwal |first2=Rajesh |last3=Jain |first3=Manish |last4=Taneja |first4=Gunjan |last5=Gupta |first5=Sachin |date=2018 |title=Sustainable Development Goals: Leveraging the Global Agenda for Driving Health Policy Reforms and Achieving Universal Health Coverage in India |journal=Indian Journal of Community Medicine |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=255–259 |doi=10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_41_18 |doi-access=free|issn=0970-0218 |pmc=6319280 |pmid=30662175}}</ref> [[Health disparities]] generated through the [[Caste system in India|Hindu caste system]] have been a major roadblock in realizing these goals.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kowal |first1=Paul |last2=Afshar |first2=Sara |date=2015-01-31 |title=Health and the Indian caste system |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60147-7/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=385 |issue=9966 |pages=415–416 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60147-7 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=25706969|s2cid=3202649 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":08">{{Cite journal |last1=Thapa |first1=Raksha |last2=van Teijlingen |first2=Edwin |last3=Regmi |first3=Pramod Raj |last4=Heaslip |first4=Vanessa |date=November 2021 |title=Caste Exclusion and Health Discrimination in South Asia: A Systematic Review |journal=Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=828–838 |doi=10.1177/10105395211014648 |issn=1010-5395 |pmc=8592103 |pmid=34024157}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's inequality in healthcare: the caste divide |url=https://www.hart-uk.org/blog/indias-inequality-in-healthcare-the-caste-divide/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust |date=28 January 2016 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The [[Dalit]] (untouchables) community occupies the lowest stratum of the Hindu caste system. Historically, they have performed menial jobs like - [[manual scavenging]], skinning animal hide, and sanitation.<ref> [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-67700608 In pictures: The many lives of India's Dalits]. [[BBC News]]. December 20, 2023.</ref> The Indian constitution officially recognizes the Dalit community as '[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]]' and [[Article 15 of the Constitution of India|bans caste-based discrimination]] of any form. However, caste and its far-reaching effects are still prominent in several domains including healthcare. Dalits (Scheduled Caste or SC) and [[Adivasi]]s (Scheduled Tribes or ST) have the lowest healthcare utilization and outcome percentage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=maria |date=2021-08-13 |title=India's health inequality severely affects Dalits |url=https://idsn.org/indias-health-inequality-severely-affects-dalits/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=International Dalit Solidarity Network |language=en-US}}</ref> Their living conditions and occupations put them at high risk for disease exposure. This, clubbed with discrimination from healthcare workers and lack of awareness makes them the most [[Socially disadvantaged|disadvantaged groups]] in society.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Sonia |last2=Acharya |first2=Sanghmitra Sheel |date=2018-05-04 |title=Social identity and perceptions about health care service provisioning by and for the Dalits in India |journal=Social Identities |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=327–338 |doi=10.1080/13504630.2017.1376280 |s2cid=148799934 |issn=1350-4630}}</ref>

==Healthcare Utilisation==
[[File:Not in the Open- Village Demands Toilets.webm|thumb|Lack of basic amenities and sanitation in Indian villages]]
Historically, Dalits lived on the outskirts of civilization, worked as bonded labourers, and lacked access to basic amenities. They were denied access to water, land, and education. They had limited access to doctors and healers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghose |first=Sagarika |date=2003 |title=The Dalit in India |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/558561 |journal=Social Research: An International Quarterly |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=83–109 |doi=10.1353/sor.2003.0032 |s2cid=142195693 |issn=1944-768X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to research, socioeconomic discrimination affects health outcomes in three ways- 1) health status, 2) quality of healthcare services, and 3) healthcare access.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |last=Ramaiah |first=Avatthi |title=Health Status of Dalits in India |url=https://www.academia.edu/21935150}}</ref> The inequalities in health created by the caste system are prominent even today.

Most of the Dalit population resides in rural areas and face challenges in travelling to healthcare centres. In urban areas, Dalit families can be found in urban slums.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - India: Dalits |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/49749d13c.html |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chandra |first=Priti |date=2021-08-18 |title=Understanding Reproductive Health Services in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: A Dalit Feminist Approach |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2455328X211025786 |journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit |volume=14 |issue=2 |language=en |pages=189–198 |doi=10.1177/2455328X211025786 |s2cid=238698582 |issn=2455-328X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Most do not avail healthcare subsidies due to a lack of identification documents.<ref name=":37">{{Cite web |title=NGO's Role in Community Based Monitoring of Primary Health Care Services for Dalit Women in Urban Slums – Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities |url=https://rupkatha.com/v9n126/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=rupkatha.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":46">{{Cite journal |last1=NimbleO |first1=J. |last2=Chinnasamy |first2=A. |date=2020 |title=Financial Distress and Healthcare: A Study of Migrant Dalit Women Domestic Helpers in Bangalore, India |s2cid=221493480 |language=en|journal=Journal of International Women's Studies|volume=21|issue=5}}</ref> Surveys reveal that there is mutual distrust between Dalit communities and healthcare workers. This is a form of institutionalized discrimination. Auxiliary-trained midwives (ANMs) and nurses are less likely to visit Dalit households, often citing sanitation concerns or social norms. Dalits often complain that they receive differential treatment from workers at regional health subcenters.<ref name=":14" /> As a result, they prefer to rely on unqualified healers and doctors and end up paying a lot. Increased privatization of the healthcare system has only worsened the problem due to price hikes.<ref name=":08" />

According to data from the [[National Family Health Survey]], life expectancy at birth for the general caste is 68.0 years. The life expectancy of SC and ST is significantly lower at 63.0 and 64.0 years respectively- with the life expectancy of men lower than that of women; this is likely due to the uncertain and unsafe conditions they are exposed to.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumari |first1=Meena |last2=Mohanty |first2=Sanjay K |date=2020-08-20 |title=Caste, religion and regional differentials in life expectancy at birth in India: cross-sectional estimates from recent National Family Health Survey |journal=BMJ Open |volume=10 |issue=8 |article-number=e035392 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035392 |doi-access=free|issn=2044-6055 |pmc=7440832 |pmid=32819936}}</ref><ref name=":57">{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report 2021: India's Unequal Healthcare Story {{!}} Oxfam India |url=https://www.oxfamindia.org/knowledgehub/workingpaper/inequality-report-2021-indias-unequal-healthcare-story |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=www.oxfamindia.org |language=en}}</ref> Dalits are at a higher risk of contracting HIV-AIDS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borick |first=J. |date=2014-07-11 |title=HIV in India: the Jogini culture |journal=Case Reports |volume=2014 |issue=jul11 1 |pages=bcr2014204635 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-204635 |pmid=25015167 |pmc=4112301 |issn=1757-790X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bam |first1=Kiran |last2=Thapa |first2=Rajshree |last3=Newman |first3=Marielle Sophia |last4=Bhatt |first4=Lokesh Prasad |last5=Bhatta |first5=Shree Krishna |date=2013-09-05 |title=Sexual Behavior and Condom Use among Seasonal Dalit Migrant Laborers to India from Far West, Nepal: A Qualitative Study |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=9 |article-number=e74903 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0074903 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3764178 |pmid=24040359|bibcode=2013PLoSO...874903B |doi-access=free }}</ref> Most Dalits suffer from skin problems, respiratory disease, parasitic illnesses, and diminishing vision and eyesight.<ref name=":28"/> The India Inequality Report of 2021 reports that SC and ST communities have the highest fertility rates yet the infant mortality rate and under-5 mortality rate in these communities are higher than the national average. The percentage of stunted children in SC and ST households is 12.6 and 13.6% higher than that in general castes. A majority of these children are also anaemic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vart |first1=Priya |last2=Jaglan |first2=Ajay |last3=Shafique |first3=Kashif |date=2015-06-05 |title=Caste-based social inequalities and childhood anemia in India: results from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2005–2006 |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=15 |article-number=537 |doi=10.1186/s12889-015-1881-4 |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=4456806 |pmid=26044618 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Dalit children also face discrimination through the [[Midday Meal Scheme]], defeating its purpose. Nonetheless, there have been some encouraging results from government programs. Due to an increased push from the government for childhood vaccinations and appropriate antenatal care in mothers, there is an increasing trend in vaccine utilization during infancy and pregnancy, however, the degree of adherence is still low and most individuals do not complete their vaccination schedule. The gap between institutional births between SC & ST and the general category is also decreasing. SC & ST households receive higher food supplements than the national average, indicating improvements in government food programs.<ref name=":57" />

Healthcare indicators have been improving in urban, high-income families; most SC - ST communities are rural and low-income. Although household medical expenditures have improved over the years, an average general category household spent 1.7 times higher than Dalits in 2017-18. Huge out-of-pocket expenses on medication and tests discourage these communities from seeking healthcare.<ref name=":57" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Balla |first1=Shalem |last2=Sk |first2=Md Illias Kanchan |last3=Ambade |first3=Mayanka |last4=Hossain |first4=Babul |date=2022-03-03 |title=Distress financing in coping with out-of-pocket expenditure for maternity care in India |journal=BMC Health Services Research |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=288 |doi=10.1186/s12913-022-07656-5 |issn=1472-6963 |pmc=8892690 |pmid=35241077 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Dalit practitioners in the healthcare workforce are rare, despite measures for affirmative action.<ref name=":08" /><ref name=":14" /> All these factors, skew the healthcare experience received by different social groups.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rawat |first1=Ramu |last2=Unisa |first2=Sayeed |date=2021-10-01 |title=Association between nutritional status of scheduled caste children and their educational performance in rural Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh, India |journal=Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health |language=en |volume=12 |article-number=100849 |doi=10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100849 |issn=2213-3984|doi-access=free }}</ref>

=== Dalit women ===
[[File:Delhi_India_Slum_January_2011.jpg|thumb|An urban slum in Delhi, India]]
Dalit women face the double burden of being lower caste and female.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sabharwal |first1=Nidhi Sadana |last2=Sonalkar |first2=Wandana |date=2015-07-27 |title=Dalit Women in India: At the Crossroads of Gender, Class, and Caste |url=https://www.theglobaljusticenetwork.org/index.php/gjn/article/view/54 |journal=Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.21248/gjn.8.1.54 |issn=1835-6842|doi-access=free }}</ref> This can be attributed to the lack of safety, sanitation, and exposure to diseases as an occupational hazard. In rural areas, Dalit women perform household chores as well as work as bonded labours with little to no pay.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thapa |first1=Raksha |last2=Teijlingen |first2=E. van |last3=Regmi |first3=P. |last4=Heaslip |first4=V. |date=2018-12-20 |title=Uptake of Health Services by People from the Dalit Community |url=https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/jbpkihs/article/view/22072 |journal=Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.3126/jbpkihs.v1i2.22072 |s2cid=169475504 |issn=2616-0390|doi-access=free }}</ref> In urban areas, they usually work in households as maids.<ref name=":46" /> These women lack any form of social security in society. Most women are married by the age of 20 and are responsible for the care of multiple children.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rao |first=Nitya |date=2018-10-31 |title=Fertility, Reproduction and Conjugal Loyalty: Renegotiating Gender Relations amongst Dalits in Rural Tamil Nadu |url=https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/4575 |journal=South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal |language=en |issue=19 |doi=10.4000/samaj.4575 |s2cid=150240636 |issn=1960-6060|doi-access=free }}</ref> In most households, the men are the primary decision-makers. Studies reveal that healthcare utilisation is higher in households where the woman has the freedom to make decisions of her own. Surveys reveal that Dalit women have to travel long distances on foot to reach the regional healthcare subcentres- which may or may not be functional. Even though the government provides antenatal care medications like- anti-parasitic tablets, folic acid tablets, tetanus shots, and education for pregnancy- very few women can avail these.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Awasthi |first1=Mamata Sherpa |last2=Awasthi |first2=Kiran Raj |last3=Thapa |first3=Harish Singh |last4=Saud |first4=Bhuvan |last5=Pradhan |first5=Sarita |last6=Khatry |first6=Roshani Agrawal |date=2018-11-01 |title=Utilization of Antenatal Care Services in Dalit Communities in Gorkha, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study |journal=Journal of Pregnancy |language=en |volume=2018 |article-number=e3467308 |doi=10.1155/2018/3467308 |pmid=30515327 |pmc=6236651 |issn=2090-2727|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":57" /><ref name=":46" />

According to a study on healthcare-seeking behaviour and healthcare spending by young mothers in India, women from lower castes spent less on public sector practitioners than higher caste women. Additionally, lower caste women also spent less on private practitioners and self-medication than higher caste women and non-Hindu women, yet experienced more self-reported morbidities than women from higher castes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bhatia |first1=J. C. |last2=Cleland |first2=J. |date=March 2001 |title=Health-care seeking and expenditure by young Indian mothers in the public and private sectors |journal=Health Policy and Planning |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=55–61 |doi=10.1093/heapol/16.1.55 |issn=0268-1080 |pmid=11238431|doi-access=free }}</ref> Only 23.7% of Dali households have access to toilets.<ref name=":57" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dutta |first1=Swarup |last2=Sinha |first2=Ishita |last3=Parashar |first3=Adya |date=June 2018 |title=Dalit Women and Water: Availability, Access and Discrimination in Rural India |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2394481118774487 |journal=Journal of Social Inclusion Studies |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=62–79 |doi=10.1177/2394481118774487 |s2cid=158083595 |issn=2394-4811|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Girls and women usually travel long distances for sanitation purposes, which poses a serious challenge to reproductive and menstrual health.<ref name=":28"/> Another study on the utilisation of antenatal care among women in southern India found that lower-caste women were less likely to have received maternal healthcare than women from higher castes. In the state of Andhra Pradesh, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes were 30 per cent less likely to have received antenatal care than women from higher castes- even when potentially confounding factors, such as age, birth order, and education level, were held constant. Also, while controlling for other factors, women belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes in the state of Karnataka were about 40% less likely to have had antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy than women from higher castes. The study also found that women belonging to scheduled casts or scheduled tribes were less likely to give birth at hospitals and to be assisted by a health professional during delivery than women from higher castes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Navaneetham |first1=K. |last2=Dharmalingam |first2=A. |date=November 2002 |title=Utilization of maternal health care services in Southern India |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=55 |issue=10 |pages=1849–1869 |doi=10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00313-6 |issn=0277-9536 |pmid=12383469}}</ref> The country witnessed a 45 per cent rise in reported cases of rape in Dalit women between 2015 and 2020. Dalit women are frequently exposed to domestic violence, physical assaults as punishment for being lower castes, human trafficking, and prostitution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Ajay |date=2021-10-08 |title=Sexual Violence against Dalit Women: An Analytical Study of Intersectionality of Gender, Caste, and Class in India |url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss10/11 |journal=Journal of International Women's Studies |volume=22 |issue=10 |pages=123–134 |issn=1539-8706}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=India: Will sexual violence against Dalits ever end? {{!}} DW {{!}} 19.09.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-will-sexual-violence-against-dalits-ever-end/a-63167654 |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref> Dalit women's literacy has improved their social status, however, the situation remains glum.

== The COVID-19 Effect ==
[[File:Stranded_migrant_workers_during_fourth_phase_of_the_lockdown_IMG_20200523_125500.jpg|thumb|Stranded migrant workers during the lockdown]]
The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] sheds more light on the healthcare disparities in India.<ref name=":57" /> The impact of the complete lockdown in India was felt the most by the poorest of the poor who worked as daily wage workers and labour. While the government issued guidelines on home quarantine, the fact that most Dalit households do not have basic amenities like a toilet and food supplies was overlooked.<ref name=":62">Das, R, "How caste is disproportionately affecting the Dalits of South Asia in COVID-19 pandemics", International Dalit Solidarity Network</ref> Approximately 11,000 migrant labourers were stranded away from home due to the lockdown and 96 per cent did not receive any government-sponsored ration during this period.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jesline |first1=Joshy |last2=Romate |first2=John |last3=Rajkumar |first3=Eslavath |last4=George |first4=Allen Joshua |date=2021-10-14 |title=The plight of migrants during COVID-19 and the impact of circular migration in India: a systematic review |journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |article-number=231 |doi=10.1057/s41599-021-00915-6 |s2cid=238862700 |issn=2662-9992|doi-access=free }}</ref> Several migrant workers chose to walk on foot across state borders and were met with severe hostility. This period also saw a spike in hate crimes against Dalits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mondal |first1=Sandip |last2=Karmakar |first2=Ranjan |date=2021-08-27 |title=Caste in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic |journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit |volume=16 |language=en |pages=114–121 |doi=10.1177/2455328X211036338 |s2cid=239651245 |issn=2455-328X|doi-access=free }}</ref> The guidelines on 'social distancing' reinforced the means of caste-based discrimination. For instance, the Yanadi (SC) community of Vijaywada, Andhra Pradesh was barred from travelling to local markets for buying food and medicine since the lockdown.<ref name=":62" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agoramoorthy |first1=Govindasamy |last2=Hsu |first2=Minna J. |date=2021 |title=How the Coronavirus Lockdown Impacts the Impoverished in India |journal=Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1007/s40615-020-00905-5 |issn=2197-3792 |pmc=7587164 |pmid=33104967}}</ref> The municipal corporation is responsible for providing safety equipment like clean clothes, soap, headgear, gloves, rubber boots etc. to manual scavengers. The Ministry of Family Health and Welfare recommended that sanitation workers receive [[personal protective equipment]] like N-95 masks, sanitisers, rubber gloves and boots during the pandemic as they dealt with biological waste. This recommendation was barely acted on by the Municipal Corporations. Thus, Dalits were at a higher risk of being exposed to COVID and received little government support during the lockdown.<ref name=":28"/>

During the pandemic, the SC-ST groups faced greater difficulty in securing healthcare. 21% of villages did not allow SC families access to public health centres during the pandemic. Most lacked the connections to arrange for transportation, oxygen tanks, or beds in private hospitals. Reports also suggest that these communities faced serious travel accessing non-COVID-related care during this period.<ref name=":59">{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report 2021: India's Unequal Healthcare Story {{!}} Oxfam India |url=https://www.oxfamindia.org/knowledgehub/workingpaper/inequality-report-2021-indias-unequal-healthcare-story |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=www.oxfamindia.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":57" /> During the vaccination drive, high-income, urban dwellers were able to secure vaccine appointments through private hospitals at a higher cost.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saxena |first=Akanksha |date=2021-11-25 |title=33% Muslims, 20% Dalits And Tribals Faced Discrimination On Accessing Healthcare: Oxfam Study |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/health/patients-discrimination-covid-19-32177 |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=thelogicalindian.com |language=en}}</ref> Poor marginalized communities queued up outside government centres for receiving their vaccination. Vaccine distribution between hospitals was also unequal. In a country with a huge digital literacy gap, schemes to digitize vaccinations only made COVID- care more inaccessible to Dalit families.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chandola |first=Basu |title=Exploring India's Digital Divide |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/exploring-indias-digital-divide/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=ORF |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Current programs and policies ==
[[File:Anganwadi_Worker_AWW_Distributing_Dresses_to_childrens.jpg|thumb|Anganwadi programs for rural children]]
Led by [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]], the [[Dalit Buddhist movement|Dalit Movement]] gained momentum in 1956. He was also one of the authors of the Indian Constitution which provides guidelines to ensure equality and prevent discrimination in society. Article 17 laid out stipulations for abolishing '[[untouchability]]' of any kind. To create a level playing field, the Constitution laid out guidelines for reservation and affirmative action for members of lower caste communities in employment, education, and political representation. The [[Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989|Prevention of Atrocities Act]] of 1989, recognized the discrimination and threat to lower caste individuals. Despite these efforts, Dalits receive little benefit that the State promised them- Dalits are still subject to hate crimes, [[Reservation in India|affirmative action]] provisions have failed to reduce grassroots-level issues in primary education, Dalit students have a high dropout ratio and employees are less trained, and discrimination against Dalits is evident across the health sector.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Dhananjay |last2=Kumar |first2=Dhiraj |date=November 2016 |title=Dalit Children Dropout in Schools: Need for Inclusive Curriculum |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2455328X16631053 |journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=124–135 |doi=10.1177/2455328X16631053 |s2cid=152072512 |issn=2455-328X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thorat |first1=Sukhadeo |last2=Attewell |first2=Paul |date=2007 |title=The Legacy of Social Exclusion: A Correspondence Study of Job Discrimination in India |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=42 |issue=41 |pages=4141–4145 |jstor=40276548 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref name=":08" />

The Dalit sub-plan adopted during the fifth and sixth [[Five-Year Plans of India|Five Year Plan of India]], laid out stipulations for all 23 ministries to allocate 2-32 per cent of their budget to Dalit development. This resulted in a significant boost in Dalit welfare program funding in comparison to the previous plans.<ref>Gowtham Devanoor P, Bhanupratap A., M.Dileep Kumar and Dr. B.P.Mahesh Chandra Guru "'''Social Change and Development of Dalits"''' Published in International Journal of Trend in Research and Development (IJTRD), ISSN: 2394-9333, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , February 2017, URL: http://www.ijtrd.com/papers/IJTRD7713.pdf</ref> Recently, the government discontinued the five-year plans, resulting in concerns about the allocation of funds to Dalit welfare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2016 |first=Subodh | last=Ghildiyal |title=Five-year plan junked, fate of Dalit sub-plans worries MP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/five-year-plan-junked-fate-of-dalit-sub-plans-worries-mp/articleshow/53866146.cms |access-date=2022-10-11 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Health centres and schemes ===
The [[National Health Policy]] of 1983 focused on primary healthcare and aimed to reduce infant mortality rates, maternal mortality, and the occurrence of anaemia in girls among other things. According to the [[World Health Organization]], the creation of a robust [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary healthcare system]] will reduce healthcare disparities. In recent years, a push towards private investment in healthcare has resulted in a narrow focus on improved technology, digitization, and a specialized focus on certain diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Monaghan |first1=B. J. |last2=Malek |first2=A. M. |last3=Simson |first3=H. |date=2001 |title=Public-private partnerships in healthcare: criteria for success |journal=Healthcare Management Forum |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=44–49 |doi=10.1016/S0840-4704(10)60424-3 |issn=0840-4704 |pmid=11855210|s2cid=42492026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ganesan |first=Deekshitha |date=June 2022 |title=Human Rights Implications of the Digital Revolution in Health Care in India |journal=Health and Human Rights |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=5–19 |issn=1079-0969 |pmc=9212836 |pmid=35747286}}</ref> While this benefits high-income populations, most marginalized SC-ST communities exist without basic medical care. The primary healthcare system comprises sub-centres and primary health centres. A sub-centre serves a small population (3,000 - 5,000) and is run by a male and female nurse (at least). A primary health centre is a unit of six sub-centres and enables access to a medical officer. The patient-to-doctor and patient-to-bed ratio are extremely poor in these centres and there is limited availability of medication. Infrastructural growth of these centres would incentivize working in these centres. This again highlights the relationship between good healthcare and the economy.<ref name=":57" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Health Care System in India |url=https://vikaspedia.in/health/health-directory/rural-health-care-system-in-india}}</ref>

There are several government-funded health insurance schemes: [[Employees' State Insurance|Employees' State Insurance Scheme]] (1952), [[Central Government Health Scheme]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Government Health Scheme |url=https://cghs.gov.in/ |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=23 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123035352/https://cghs.gov.in/ }}</ref>(1954), Universal Health Insurance Scheme <ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Health Insurance Scheme |url=https://uiic.co.in/en/taxonomy/term/1283}}</ref> (2003), Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana |url=https://labour.assam.gov.in/schemes/aam-aadmi-bima-yojana}}</ref> [[Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana]] (RSBY, 2008), and [[Ayushman Bharat Yojana|Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jay Arogya Yojana]] (PM-JAY, 2018)'''.''' In addition to this, there are State specific insurance schemes. The [[National Health Mission|National Rural Health Mission]] was launched by the prime minister in 2005 to provide equitable healthcare to vulnerable groups. Some of the key features of NRHM include- the scaling up of public spending to 2–3% of the GDP for vulnerable populations; a focus on primary health care and improvement in secondary and tertiary referral facilities; and the implementation of a [[conditional cash transfer]] scheme to encourage facility-based births. The RSBY scheme targeted families living below the poverty line (BPL). It works by sharing the risk of a major health catastrophe by pooling the risks across many households. This scheme was succeeded by the PM-JAY scheme. This scheme emphasized achieving universal healthcare in the country by using the sustainable development goals as the guiding principles. The Ayushman Bharat Program aims to establish 15,000 health and wellness centres to improve the structure of primary healthcare. PM-JAY provide coverage of up to Rs. 5 lakhs per family for secondary and tertiary healthcare; it is the largest health insurance scheme in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Health Authority {{!}} GOI |url=https://nha.gov.in/PM-JAY |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=nha.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{Cite web |last=Sarwal and Kumar |title=The Long Road to Universal Health Coverage |url=https://www.niti.gov.in/long-road-universal-health-coverage}}</ref> According to the Indian Inequality Report of 2021, only 14 per cent of both SC and ST households are enrolled in PM-JAY.<ref name=":59" /> Most government-funded health insurance schemes failed because of the financial catastrophes marginalised households experienced in covering out-of-pocket expenses like oral drugs and medical tests. Although these plans hoped to target underprivileged families, a majority of families availing these schemes are on the higher income end. One of the goals of the [[National Health Policy, 2017]] is the provision of ensuring free access to high-quality primary care through government services. This would require an increased expenditure in healthcare from the current 0.32 per cent of annual GDP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-30 |title=Healthcare Continues to Remain Inaccessible for Dalits and Adivasis, Says Study |url=https://www.newsclick.in/healthcare-continues-remain-inaccessible-dalits-adivasis-study |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=NewsClick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kabir |first1=Ashraful |last2=Maitrot |first2=Mathilde Rose Louise |last3=Ali |first3=Ahsan |last4=Farhana |first4=Nadia |last5=Criel |first5=Bart |date=2018-12-14 |title=Qualitative exploration of sociocultural determinants of health inequities of Dalit population in Dhaka City, Bangladesh |journal=BMJ Open |volume=8 |issue=12 |article-number=e022906 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022906 |doi-access=free|issn=2044-6055 |pmc=6303619 |pmid=30552259}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=Prem Shankar |last2=Veerapandian |first2=Karthick |last3=Choudhary |first3=Prashant Kumar |date=11 March 2021 |title=Impact of socio-economic inequity in access to maternal health benefits in India: Evidence from Janani Suraksha Yojana using NFHS data |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=16 |issue=3 |article-number=e0247935 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247935 |pmid=33705451 |pmc=7951864 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1647935M |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":46" />

Other measures that are currently being followed but need to be scaled up include: mandatory medical examinations of SC and ST individuals for detection of HIV, tuberculosis, and other communicable and non-communicable diseases; research is being carried out by the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] on healthcare problem unique to the tribal community; several village based [[Accredited Social Health Activist|ASHA]], [[Anganwadi]] workers, and [[Panchayat samiti|Panchayat]] workers have been trained to aid the government in monitoring SC-ST health outcome; and the [[Swachh Bharat Mission|Swacch Bharat Abhiyan]] has increased focus on access to sanitation and toilets, especially in rural households.<ref>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Facilities, https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/2752433081Facilities%20for%20SC-ST.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thakur |first1=Gargi |last2=Thakur |first2=Shalvi |last3=Thakur |first3=Harshad |date=2020-10-12 |title=Status and challenges for tuberculosis control in India – Stakeholders' perspective |journal=The Indian Journal of Tuberculosis |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=334–339 |doi=10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.10.001 |issn=0019-5707 |pmc=7550054 |pmid=34099198}}</ref><ref name=":37"/> The [[NITI Aayog|Niti Aayog]] recommends improving data linkages between the [[National Digital Health Mission]] and the [[National Health Mission]] to leverage data on health outcomes.<ref name=":73" /> However, the government would have to address the digital divide in India. Thus we see that the government has taken several steps to improve healthcare access and coverage but a shift towards a robust primary healthcare structure integrated with awareness and economic development is essential for uprooting caste-based disparities in healthcare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mosse |first=David |date=2018-10-01 |title=Caste and development: Contemporary perspectives on a structure of discrimination and advantage |journal=World Development |language=en |volume=110 |pages=422–436 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.06.003 |s2cid=158517614 |issn=0305-750X|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nancharaiah |first=G. |date=September 2000 |title=Economie development of dalits and 50 years of Independence: A macro analysis |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/004908570003000409 |journal=Social Change |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3–4 |pages=123–142 |doi=10.1177/004908570003000409 |s2cid=143195823 |issn=0049-0857|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Future outlook ==
Since independence, the Indian government has recognized the importance of improving Dalit health. There is an increased emphasis on studying the cross-cutting interactions of caste and income and how it affects health outcomes. Literacy, economic status, and health are positively correlated with each other. Improved literacy rates, especially in women have shown a positive effect on healthcare utilization by marginalized families.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Saurabh |first1=Suman |last2=Sarkar |first2=Sonali |last3=Pandey |first3=Dhruv K. |date=2013 |title=Female Literacy Rate is a Better Predictor of Birth Rate and Infant Mortality Rate in India |journal=Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=349–353 |doi=10.4103/2249-4863.123889 |issn=2249-4863 |pmc=4649870 |pmid=26664840 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=Yukyan |last2=Broaddus |first2=Elena T. |last3=Surkan |first3=Pamela J. |date=2013-12-13 |title=Literacy and healthcare-seeking among women with low educational attainment: analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2011 Nepal demographic and health survey |journal=International Journal for Equity in Health |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=95 |doi=10.1186/1475-9276-12-95 |issn=1475-9276 |pmc=3878725 |pmid=24330671 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Similarly, land redistribution schemes have been seen as an important step in Dalit empowerment. However, most states failed to implement this policy. For instance, in Maharashtra, only 5% of 8,54,000 Dalit families received any land. Studies find that a trickling down of the funds allocated by ministries for Dalit development limits the efficacy of the planned programs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gokhale |first=Nihar |title=Across India, Dalits are still fighting to claim lands promised to them |url=https://scroll.in/article/926264/across-india-dalits-are-still-fighting-to-claim-lands-promised-to-them |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Scroll.in |date=9 June 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=B. B. |date=2001 |title=Land Distribution among Scheduled Castes and Tribes |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=36 |issue=40 |pages=3857–3868 |jstor=4411206 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref>Vimala Ramachandran and Sapna Goel, Tracking Funds for India's Most Deprived: The Story of the National Campaign for Dalit Human Rights' "Campaign 789", Study No. 6, August 2011, https://internationalbudget.org/wp-content/uploads/LP-case-study-NCDHR.pdf</ref>

The rise of Dalit political parties and organizations has created pressure to allocate more funds to Dalit development.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Webster |first=John C. B. |title=Understanding the Modern Dalit Movement |date=1996 |journal=Sociological Bulletin |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=189–204 |doi=10.1177/0038022919960203 |jstor=23620218 |s2cid=148340370 |issn=0038-0229}}</ref> Currently, the census does not collect information on healthcare outcomes by social group. Researchers suggest that improved data availability will enable better policy analysis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICAAD |date=2017-11-10 |title=Expanding Data Collection for Dalit Communities in New Delhi |url=https://icaad.ngo/2017/11/10/expanding-data-collection-dalit-communities-new-delhi/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=ICAAD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":73" /><ref name=":57" /> To improve Dalit healthcare access, the government is advised to improve its healthcare expenses and also establish Dalit-centric programs. The India Inequality Report recommends that the government increase primary healthcare funding to strengthen all basic healthcare access The report also highlights the positive correlation between low socioeconomic polarity and improved health outcomes.<ref name=":59" /> Educational campaigns to eradicate the societal roots of caste-based discrimination are key in achieving healthcare equality. Studies carried out by NGOs show that empowering local Dalit leaders, training vocal activists, and forming solidarity groups for community monitoring can increase healthcare utilization and outcome.<ref name=":37"/> Affirmative action policies need to be supplemented with improved education to remove social hierarchies from the grassroots. Vocational and skill-based training can supplement land reform efforts in providing financial independence to Dalit households. While the percentage of Dalit households covered by some form of insurance is higher than that in general caste households, due to a high-income gap and high out-of-pocket expenses these households still access less medical care. Increasing insurance coverage using public-private partnerships has been emphasized by economists.<ref name=":08" /><ref name=":57" /> Improved spending in general healthcare and targeted funding towards Dalit programs is needed. Programs led by NGOs show that community-based monitoring, designating and training community activists, and forming solidarity groups can improve healthcare utilization in Dalit communities.<ref name=":37"/> Successful execution of these efforts can potentially help India improve healthcare access for marginalized castes and move towards universal healthcare.

==See also==

* [[Dalit feminism]]
* [[Caste system in Nepal]]
* [[Caste-related violence in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Healthcare in India]]
[[Category:Social issues in India]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Health insurance in India]]

Pratheeksha G Pradeep

2026-01-20T16:54:49Z

NoemiConley374:

{{Short description|Indian television actress}}
{{Indian name|Pratheeksha|Pradeep}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pratheeksha G Pradeep
| image =
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = Konni,[[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kerala]], India
| birth_date = 20 October 1995
| other_names =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Actress
| parents =
| years_active = 2013-Present
| height =
| spouse =
| notable_works = Amma,Kasthooriman
}}

'''Pratheeksha G Pradeep''' is an Indian television actress who appears in supporting roles in [[Malayalam]]-language soap operas.

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Thinkal Muthal Velli Vare]]''
| Herself
|
|<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pratheeksha-g-pradeep-i-consider-it-my-success-that-i-receive-hate-messages/articleshow/64529724.cms|title=Pratheeksha G Pradeep: I consider it my success that I receive hate messages|first=Arya|last=UR|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 June 2018|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Vishwa Vikhyatharaya Payyanmar]]''
|Tharu's friend
|
|<ref name="TOI"/>
|-
| 2018
| ''Nervarenn Immini Charinjootta''
| Herself
|
|<ref name="TOI"/>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Channel
! Notes
|-
|2013-2014
| ''Amma''
| Meenakshi
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/even-my-father-is-surprised-to-see-me-play-a-vamp-on-screen-says-pratheeksha-g-pradeep-of-kasthooriman-fame/articleshow/66263093.cms|title=Even my father is surprised to see me play a vamp on-screen, says Pratheeksha G Pradeep of Kasthooriman fame|first=Radhika|last=Nair|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=17 October 2018|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref> Character was deleted from the series in September 2014
|-
|2014
| ''[[Amala (TV series)|Amala]]''
|
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|
|-
|2014
| ''Amma Manasam''
|Chithra
|[[Surya TV]]
|
|-
|2014-2015
| ''[[Ennu Swantham Koottukari]]''
|Mariya
|Mazhavil Manorama
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Manjurukum Kalam]]''
|Sunitha
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|
|-
|2015-2017
| ''[[Pranayam (TV series)|Pranayam]]''
| Aswathy Iyer
|Asianet
|
|-
|2015
| ''Sthreedhanam''
|
|Asianet
|
|-
|2015-2016||''Sthreethvam''||||Surya TV||
|-
|2016
| ''Chavarayachan''
|Thamburatty
|[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/style/glitz-n-glamour/interview-with-serial-actress-pratheeksha.html | title=സീരിയലിലെ വില്ലത്തി ഇനി സിനിമയിലേക്ക് }}</ref>
|-
|2016-2018
| ''[[Athmasakhi]]''
| Niya
| Mazhavil Manorama
| <ref name="TOI"/>
|-
|2017
| ''[[Seetha (TV series)|Seetha]]''
| Mythili
|Flowers TV
|
|-
|2017
| ''[[Karuthamuthu]]''
| Raveena
|Asianet
|
|-
|2017
| ''Parishudhan''
|
|Flowers TV
|
|-
| 2017–2021
| ''[[Kasthooriman (TV series)|Kasthooriman]]''
| Shivani
| Asianet
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/sidhu-got-attacked-by-shivani-and-keerthi/articleshow/64542892.cms|title=Sidhu got 'attacked' by Shivani and Keerthi|work=The Times of India|date=11 June 2018|access-date=14 March 2022|first=Arya|last=UR}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Seetha Kalyanam (TV series)|Seetha Kalyanam]]''
| Herself as Model
| Asianet
| Cameo appearance
|-
|2019
| ''Arayannangalude Veedu''
|Alamelu
|Flowers TV
|
|-
|2019-2020
| ''Oridathu Oru Rajakumari''
|Anu
|[[Surya TV]]
|
|-
| 2020–2023
| ''[[Neeyum Njanum (TV series)|Neeyum Njanum]]''
| Rekha
| [[Zee Keralam]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pratheeksha-pradeep-joins-the-cast-of-neeyum-njanum/articleshow/77020744.cms|title=Pratheeksha Pradeep joins the cast of 'Neeyum Njanum'|work=The Times of India|date=17 July 2020|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2020–2022
| ''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]''
| Sarayu
|Asianet
|Replaced Madhusri, Replaced By [[Darshana Das]]
|-
| 2020–2021
| ''Rouravam''
|Kavitha Vinod
|Green TV
|Web series
|-
|2023– 2025
| ''[[Geeta Govindam]]''
|Avarnika
|Asianet
|
|-
|2023–2024||''Ninnishtam Ennishtam''||Shweta||Surya TV||Replaced Parvathy
|-
|2025- present||Hridayam||Chandralekha||Surya TV||
|-
|2025- present
| ''Advocate Anjali''
|Kavya
|Asianet
|
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2015
| ''Smart Show''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| 2016
| ''Don't Do Don't Do''
| Participant
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''Star War''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Onnum Onnum Moonu]]''
| Guest
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rebecca-santhosh-and-pratheeksha-pradeep-to-feature-in-rimi-tomys-onnum-onnum-moonnu-next/articleshow/67652730.cms|title=Rebecca Santhosh and Pratheeksha Pradeep to feature in Rimi Tomy's Onnum Onnum Moonnu next|work=The Times of India|date=23 January 2019|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''Thakarppam Comedy''
| Guest
|
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Badai Bungalow]]''
| Herself
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/badai-bungalow-2-tv-stars-enjoy-a-gala-time/articleshow/68256139.cms|title=Badai Bungalow 2: TV stars enjoy a gala time|date=4 March 2019|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''Start Music: Aaradyam Paadum''
| Participant
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kasthooriman-pournamithinkal-teams-lock-horns-on-start-music/articleshow/71220755.cms|title=Kasthooriman & Pournamithinkal teams lock horns on Start Music|work=The Times of India|access-date=14 March 2022|date=20 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| ''Comedy Stars (Season 2)''
| Guest
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pratheeksha-have-fun-with-rimi-tomy-on-comedy-stars/articleshow/71838170.cms|title=Pratheeksha have fun with Rimi Tomy on Comedy Stars'|work=The Times of India|date=31 October 2019|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''Parayam Nedam''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| 2021
| ''Valkannadi''
| Participant
|
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm10681569}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

List of Bengali films of 2018

2026-01-14T09:44:45Z

NoemiConley374: formatting fix

#REDIRECT [[List of Bengali films]]

2019 Santosh Trophy final

2026-01-02T22:01:54Z

NoemiConley374:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 2019 Santosh Trophy final
| image =
| caption =
| event = [[2018–19 Santosh Trophy]]
| team1 = [[Services football team|Services]]
| team1association = {{fbaicon|IND}}
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
| team2association = {{fbaicon|IND}}
| team2score = 0
| details =
| date = 21 April 2019
| stadium = [[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
| city = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| man_of_the_match1a =
| man_of_the_match1atitle =
| man_of_the_match1b =
| man_of_the_match1btitle =
| referee = Harish Kundu
| attendance = 3,262
| weather = Hot {{convert|33|°C|°F|abbr=on}}
| previous = [[2018 Santosh Trophy final|2018]]
| next = [[2022 Santosh Trophy final|2022]]
}}
The '''2019 Santosh Trophy final''' was a match between [[Services football team|Services]] and [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]] on 21 April 2019 in [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The match was a culmination of the [[2018–19 Santosh Trophy]], the 73rd edition of the [[association football|football]] competition contested by regional [[States and union territories of India|state]] associations and government institutions under the [[All India Football Federation]].<ref name="Final">{{cite news|title=Santosh Trophy 2019: Hosts Punjab to face Services in the final|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/santosh-trophy-2019-roundup-punjab-goa-services-karnataka/1k1b0bubd6718156ites1pg774|date=19 April 2018}}</ref>

Services won their sixth title by defeating Punjab 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/santosh-trophy-final-punjab-services-match-report/article26903971.ece|title=Santosh Trophy final: Bikash Thapa secures title for Services|date=21 April 2019}}</ref>

==Match==
<onlyinclude>{{Football box
|date = 21 April 2019
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Services football team|Services]]
|score = 1–0
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9599
|team2 = [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]]
|goals1 = Bikash Thapa {{goal|61}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], [[Ludhiana]]
|attendance = 3,262
|referee= Harish Kundu
}}</onlyinclude>

{| width=100% style="font-size:90%"
|
'''Man of the Match:'''
 Bikash Thapa

'''[[Assistant referee (association football)|Assistant referees]]:'''
 Kishan chand Joshi
 Vijayasankar
 '''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Fourth official|Fourth official]]:'''
 Ashwin
|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|
'''Match rules'''
*90 minutes.
*30 minutes of [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] if necessary.
*[[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|Penalty shoot-out]] if scores still level.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/tournaments-details.htm?tnmt_id=116 Santosh Trophy at All India Football Federation website].

{{Santosh Trophy}}
{{2018–19 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2019 Santosh Trophy Final}}
[[Category:2018–19 Santosh Trophy|Final]]
[[Category:Santosh Trophy finals]]
[[Category:April 2019 sports events in India|Santosh Trophy Final]]

Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 6

2025-12-22T18:41:09Z

NoemiConley374: Made Data

{{short description|Reality TV game show – Telugu language}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox television season
| image = Bigg Boss 6 Telugu logo.jpg
| image_alt =
| bgcolor = #4D4FA1
| caption = Season 6 eye logo
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = Akkineni Nagarjuna
| num_days = 105
| num_housemates = 21
| runner_up = Shrihan
| winner = [[L. V. Revanth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-telugu-6-revanth-lifts-trophy-but-fans-say-shrihan-is-the-true-winner-2310788-2022-12-19 |title=Revanth lifts Bigg Boss Telugu 6 trophy |website=India Today |date=19 December 2022 |accessdate=28 December 2022 |first=Latha |last=Srinivasan}}</ref>
}}
| num_episodes = 106
| network = [[Star Maa]] [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|09|04|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|12|18|df=yes}}
| season_number = 6
| starring =
| prev_season = [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 5|Season 5]]
| next_season = [[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 7|Season 7]]
}}

'''''Bigg Boss 6''''' is a reality show and the sixth season of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version of the Indian [[reality television]] series ''[[Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series)|Bigg Boss]]'' based on the Dutch series [[Big Brother (franchise)|''Big Brother'']] and produced by [[Endemol#Endemol India|Endemol Shine India]] (now merged with [[Banijay]]). The show was launched on 4 September 2022 on [[Star Maa]] and [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Telugu season 6 to welcome commoners; here's what netizens have to say - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-season-6-to-welcome-commoners-heres-what-netizens-have-to-say/articleshow/91833856.cms |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=27 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Production==
On 26 May 2022, the makers of the show released a promo where [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] announced that commoners can participate in season 6. The auditions were done by the starmaa.startv.com website.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Host Nagarjuna's Bumper Offer For Common Man |url=https://www1.1tamildhool.com/category/bigg-boss-telugu/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 6: You Can Be A Part Of The Show. Details Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-telugue-season-6-you-can-be-a-part-of-the-show-details-inside-5259223.html |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The show organizers officially released a teaser using the show's logo on 4 August 2022. On 9 August 2022, a new teaser was released with [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] as a host and promo shoot directed by [[Prasanth Varma]]. On 19 August 2022, it was confirmed that the show would premiere on 4 September 2022 on [[Star Maa]] and [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nagarjuna unveils Bigg Boss Telugu 6 promo, promises complete entertainment. Watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/nagarjuna-unveils-bigg-boss-telugu-6-promo-promises-complete-entertainment-watch-1985532-2022-08-09 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web |title=Nagarjuna's Bigg Boss Telugu 6 to premiere on Disney+ Hotstar on Sep 4 Watch new promo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/nagarjuna-s-bigg-boss-telugu-6-to-premiere-on-disney-hotstar-on-sep-4-watch-new-promo-1990044-2022-08-19 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

===24x7 streaming===
The show streamed on a 24-hour live stream, from Monday to Friday.on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and an hour-long episode every day on [[Star Maa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6: Hotstar unveils BB Live On Hotstar- News |url=https://tamildhool.cam/category/bigg-boss-telugu/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=IndiaGlitz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss 6 Telugu Live: బిగ్ బాస్ 6 లేటెస్ట్ అప్డేట్.. గంట కాదు 24x7 ఊకదంపుడు లైవ్ టెలికాస్ట్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/bigg-boss-telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-season-6-telecast-time-and-live-streaming-updates/articleshow/93675437.cms |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=Samayam Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

== Housemates status ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style=" text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:25px; width:auto;"
! scope="col" |Sr
! scope="col" |Housemate
! scope="col" |Day entered
! scope="col" |Day exited
! scope="col" |Status
|-
|1
|Revanth
|Day 1
|Day 105
|{{Won|Winner}}
|-
|2
|Shrihan
|Day 1
|Day 105
| {{Quit|{{nowrap|1st Runner-up}}}}
|-
|3
|Keerthi
|Day 1
|Day 105
| style="background:#7FFFD4; text-align:center;" |{{nowrap|2nd Runner-up}}
|-
|4
|Adi
|Day 1
|Day 105
| style="background:#DDA0DD;"|3rd Runner-up
|-
|5
|Rohit
|Day 1
|Day 105
| style="background:#FF69B4; text-align:center;" |4th Runner-up
|-
|6
|Sri
|Day 1
|Day 103
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|7
|Inaya
|Day 1
|Day 98
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|8
|Faima
|Day 1
|Day 91
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|9
|Raj
|Day 1
|Day 84
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|10
|Marina
|Day 1
|Day 77
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|11
|Vasanthi
|Day 1
|Day 70
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|12
|Aditya
|Day 1
|Day 69
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|13
|Geethu
|Day 1
|Day 63
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|14
|Surya
|Day 1
|Day 55
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|15
|Arjun
|Day 1
|Day 49
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|16
|Sudeepa
|Day 1
|Day 42
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|17
|Chanti
|Day 1
|Day 35
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|18
|Arohi
|Day 1
|Day 28
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|19
|Neha
|Day 1
|Day 21
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|20
|Abhinaya
|Day 1
|Day 14
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|-
|21
|Shani
|Day 1
|Day 13
|{{Eliminated|Evicted}}
|}

== Housemates ==
The participants in the order of appearance and entered in the house are:<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu season 6 grand launch Highlights: Keerthi Bhat, Arjun Kalyan to Mahidhar, meet all 21 contestants of Nagarjuna's show
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-telugu-season-6-launch-live-updates-nagarjuna-akkineni-contestants-list-8130292/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=[[Indian express]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== Original entrants ===

* [[Keerthi Bhat]] – Television actress. She is best known for her role as Bhanumathi in the Telugu TV series [[Manasichi Choodu (TV series)|'' Manasichi Choodu'']] and Dr. Hima Karthik in ''[[Karthika Deepam (Telugu TV series)]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 contestant Keerthi Keshav Bhat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-6-contestant-keerthi-keshav-bhat-from-losing-her-family-in-a-road-accident-to-winning-hearts-with-her-tv-performances-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-actress/articleshow/93985899.cms |access-date=4 September 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sudeepa Pinky]] – Film and television actress. She is best known for her role as Pinky in the film ''[[Nuvvu Naaku Nachav]]'' (2001) ''[[Bommarillu]]'' and Revathy in the TV show ''Aa Okkati Adakku.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=నాలుగేళ్ల పోరాటం.. ఒప్పించి పెళ్లిచేసుకున్నా: పింకీ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-sudeepa-pinky-entered-second-contestant-1483547 |access-date=4 September 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Shrihan Shaik – [[YouTuber]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 6 is Back: Know All 21 Contestants |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-telugu-season-6-is-back-know-all-21-contestants-5891797.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Neha Chowdary – Television presenter known for her appearance in ''[[Pro Kabaddi League]]'', ''[[Indian Premier League]]'' and other sporting events<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=సంబంధాలు చూస్తున్నారు, నాకు అలాంటి వాడు కావాలి: నేహా చౌదరి |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-neha-chowdary-entered-forth-contestant-1483550 |access-date=4 September 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Chalaki Chanti – Film and television actor. He is best known for his work in [[Jabardasth (TV programme)|''Jabardasth'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banda |first=Kalyan |date=4 September 2022 |title=Chalaki Chanti : ఆ ఒక్క మాట అనడంతో ఫిక్స్ అయ్యాడట.. భార్యపై చలాకీ చంటి ఎమోషనల్ కామెంట్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/bigg-boss-telugu/chalaki-chanti-as-5th-contestant-in-bigg-boss-6-telugu/articleshow/93986789.cms |access-date=4 September 2022 |website=[[Samayam Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Sri Satya – Television actress, model and [[YouTuber]]. She has appeared in shows such as [[Akka Chellelu (TV series)|''Akka Chellelu'']] and [[Trinayani (Telugu TV series)|''Trinayani'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 Confirmed Contestants List: Know all about 21 participants of Nagarjuna hosted show |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-telugu-6-confirmed-contestants-list-know-all-about-21-participants-of-nagarjuna-hosted-show-2022-09-05-805588 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Arjun Kalyan – Film actor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banda |first=Kalyan |date=4 September 2022 |title=Arjun Kalyan : అనుపమ లవర్‌గా.. బ్రేకప్ కథ ఇదే.. అర్జున్ కళ్యాణ్ ఎమోషనల్ కామెంట్ |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tv/bigg-boss-telugu/arjun-kalyan-as-7th-contestant-in-bigg-boss-6-telugu/articleshow/93987108.cms |access-date=4 September 2022 |website=[[Samayam Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Geetu Royal – Radio jockey, [[YouTuber]] and television actress. She has appeared in the comedy show [[Jabardasth (TV programme)|''Jabardasth'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2022 |title=BiggBoss 6 Geetu Royal: బిగ్‌బాస్‌ కంటెస్టెంట్‌ గీతూ రాయల్‌ గురించి మీకు తెలుసా.. |url=https://10tv.in/movies/do-you-know-about-bigboss-contestant-geetu-royal-488743.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[10TV]] |language=te}}</ref>
* [[Abhinayashree|Abhinaya Shree]] – Film actress. She is known for her work in the films ''[[Arya (2004 film)|Arya]]'' (2004) ''[[Hungama (2005 film)|Hangama]]'' and ''Paisalo Paramatma'' (2007)''.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roktim |first=Rajpal |date=5 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 begins, here is the list of contestants |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-telugu-6-begins-here-is-the-list-of-contestants-1996682-2022-09-05 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Marina Abraham – Television actress. She is known for her role as Samantha in the drama series [[America Ammayi (TV series)|''America Ammayi'']].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 contestants Marina Abraham and Rohit Sahni: All you need to know about the celeb couple of the season - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-6-contestants-marina-abraham-and-rohit-sahni-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-celeb-couple-of-the-season/articleshow/93932672.cms |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Rohit Sahni –Television actor.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Baladitya (actor)|Bala Aditya]] – Film and television actor. He is known for his performance in the films ''[[Anna (1994 film)|Anna]]'' (1994), ''[[Little Soldiers]]'' (1996) and ''[[1940 Lo Oka Gramam]]'' (2010).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Sambi |date=4 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 : హౌస్ లోకి వెళ్లే ముందు బాల ఆదిత్యకు నాగ్ షాకింగ్ అండ్ సర్ప్రైజింగ్ గిఫ్ట్! |url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-telugu-6-hero-bala-aditya-enters-as-11th-contestant-in-the-house-gets-surprising-gift-from-nag-rhoxwl |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Asianet News|Asianet Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Vasanthi Krishnan – Film actress. She is recognized for her work in the film [[Cauliflower (film)|''Cauliflower'']] (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=నా డ్రీమ్‌బాయ్‌ అలా ఉండాలి : వాసంతీ కృష్ణన్‌ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-vasanthi-krishnan-entered-13th-contestant-1483563 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Shani Salmon – Film actor. He is known for his work in the film [[Sye (2004 film)|''Sye'']] (2004).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu Season 6 Launch UPDATES: Chalaki Chanti, Bala Aditya to Revanth; Full list of contestants |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/bigg-boss-telugu-season-6-launch-live-updates-confirmed-list-contestants-nagarjunas-stylish-entry-1187639 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Inaya Sulthana – Film and voice actress.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=5 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6: Who is Inaya Sultana? Why her dance video with Ram Gopal Varma has gone viral? WATCH |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/gallery/entertainment/bigg-boss-telugu-6-who-is-inaya-sultana-why-her-dance-video-with-ram-gopal-varma-goes-viral-watch-rba-rhpvoj |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Asianet News]] |language=en}}</ref>
* RJ Surya Narayana – Radio jockey, television actor and [[Impressionist (entertainment)|mimic]]. He is popular for his work in various radio shows of [[Red FM 93.5]] and the TV show ''Ismart News'' of [[TV9 Telugu|TV9]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 contestant RJ Surya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bigg-boss-telugu-6-contestant-rj-surya-from-missing-a-chance-to-pursue-his-pg-degree-to-tasting-success-as-konda-babu-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-actor-mimicry-artist/articleshow/93974562.cms |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Faima Sheikh – Television actress. She is best known for her work in [[Jabardasth (TV programme)|''Jabardasth'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 September 2022 |title=పేదరికం నుంచి బిగ్బాస్ వేదిక వరకు 'ఫైమా' ప్రయాణం అసాధారణం.. ఆమె జీవితంలో ఎన్ని ఆటుపోట్లో తెలుసా ?.. |url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-season-6-contestant-jabardasth-faima-life-journey-in-telugu-au55-776823.html |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[TV9 Telugu]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Adi Reddy – [[YouTuber]]. He is known for producing videos reviewing the ''Bigg Boss'' show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=కామన్‌ మెన్‌గా ఎంట్రీ ఇచ్చిన ఆదిరెడ్డి |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-adi-reddy-entered-18th-contestant-1483572 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref>
* Raj Shekar – Model.<ref name=":0" />
* Arohi Rao – Television presenter and actress. She is known for her work in the TV show ''Ismart News'' of [[TV9 Telugu|TV9]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=సాయం చేస్తే నాకేంటి అనే చూపులే తగిలాయి: ఆరోహి రావ్‌ |url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/bigg-boss-6-telugu-arohi-rao-grand-entry-bigg-boss-1483576 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref>
* [[L. V. Revanth]] – Playback singer, television presenter, winner of Indian Idol 9, and winner of Big Boss Telugu Season 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2022 |title=Bigg Boss Telugu 6 Confirmed Contestant Revanth Stylish Pics of Baahubali Singer |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/entertainment/bigg-boss-telugu-6-confirmed-contestant-revanth-stylish-pics-baahubali-singer |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi Post]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Related shows ==

===''Bigg Boss 6 Buzzz''===
'''''Bigg Boss 6 Buzzz''''' is an Indian Telugu-language television talk show about the reality television series Bigg Boss Telugu. The show premiered on 5 September 2022 on Star Maa Music and unaired portions of episodes are streamed on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] and aired on Star Maa Music.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |title=Former Bigg Boss Telugu contestants Ariyana Glory and Shiva team up for 'BB Cafe'; watch promo - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/former-bigg-boss-telugu-contestants-ariyana-glory-and-shiva-team-up-for-bb-cafe-watch-promo/articleshow/93924618.cms |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===''Winner Declaration''===

In the finale, Nagarjuna initially offered Shrihan ₹25 lakhs, which was later increased to ₹40 lakhs in an attempt to tempt him. Shrihan accepted the money and walked away with the suitcase, making Revanth the winner. However, at the end of the episode, Nagarjuna revealed that Shrihan had received more votes in the popular vote.{{Cn|date=March 2025}}

===''BB Cafe''===
'''''BB Cafe''''' is a review-based show about the reality television series ''Bigg Boss Telugu''. The host Ariyana Glory discusses topics of ''Bigg Boss Season 6'' Monday to Friday. The show premiered on 5 September 2022 on Star Maa Music. The host Shiva conducts the evictee interview show with the evicted contestants every Monday.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bigg Boss Telugu}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) seasons|06]]
[[Category:Star Maa original programming]]

Hajo Assembly constituency

2025-12-14T05:15:40Z

NoemiConley374: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Hajo–Sualkuchi Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from former name}}
{{R from move}}
}}

Sruti (magazine)

2025-12-13T12:23:09Z

NoemiConley374: minor corrected citations additionally and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian English language magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{italictitle}}
[[File:ManiMadhavaChakyar-Sruti.jpg|thumb|right|''Sruti'' August 1990 issue dedicated to [[Kutiyattam]] maestro and authority of [[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasa]]-[[Abhinaya]], [[Padma Shri]] [[Māni Mādhava Chākyār|Guru Māni Mādhava Chākyār]]]]
'''''Sruti''''' is an English language monthly magazine on the [[performing arts]] and [[Music of India|Indian music and dance]], published from [[Chennai]], India.

''Sruti'' was founded in 1983 by [[N. Pattabhiraman]], who had returned to India from a career abroad, bringing with him a focus and skill for English composition. The magazine initially had financial difficulties, with Pattabhiraman desiring to gain subscribers vice take out loans, and minimal support from corporations. The journal foundered somewhat following Pattabhiraman's death, but as of 2014 continues forward under staffers who rose to take over its leadership.<ref>Sriram Venkatrishnan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081021003120/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/10/17/stories/2008101751130400.htm ''Daring, dedicated'']. [[The Hindu]], 17 October 2008</ref> The magazine was acquired by the Sanmar Group in 2006.<ref>[http://columbuscarnatic.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/sruti-anniversary.pdf Sruti Enters 30th Year: Pattabhi Raman remembered on his 80th anniversary]. Columbus Carnatic, December 2012</ref>

Journalist [[S. Muthiah]] in 2011 referred to the publication as '' the country's leading journal on Indian Classical music and dance''.<ref name="S2011">{{cite book|author=Muthiah S|title=Madras Miscellany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHtZG8beGy4C&pg=PT46|year=2011|publisher=Westland|isbn=978-93-80032-84-9|pages=46–}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.sruti.com/}}

[[Category:1983 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Visual arts magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Music magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1983]]
[[Category:Mass media in Chennai]]

{{art-mag-stub}}

Rakesh Tikait

2025-11-07T17:48:24Z

NoemiConley374: quick update details and updated info

{{Short description|Farmer rights activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rakesh Tikait
| image = Chaudhary Rakesh Tikait.jpg
| caption = Tikait in a public meeting
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|6|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sisauli]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| father = [[Mahendra Singh Tikait]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Sunita Devi|1985}}
| children = 3
| education = [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University|Meerut University]] (MA, LLB)<ref>{{cite web |title=राकेश टिकैत: मेरठ यूनिवर्सिटी से LLB, किसानों के लिए छोड़ी Delhi Police की नौकरी, 44 बार जा चुके हैं जेल
|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/who-is-rakesh-tikait-whose-name-came-in-delhi-tractor-parade-violence-in-lal-quila-kisan-andolan-rakesh-tikait-biography-dvup/837057 |website=Zee Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand |date=28 January 2021 |language=hi |trans-title=Rakesh Tikait: LLB from Meerut University, left Delhi Police job for farmers, has gone to jail 44 times}}</ref>
| organization = [[Bharatiya Kisan Union]]
| known_for = Repelling Controversial Farm Laws (2020)
| occupation = Farmer
}}

'''Rakesh Tikait''' (born 4 June 1969) is an Indian farmer rights activist and national spokesperson of the [[Bharatiya Kisan Union]] (BKU). He successfully led the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest|farmer protests]] in 2020-2021 to cause repeal of [[2020 Indian agriculture acts|three farmer laws]] implemented by the Indian government.

== Personal life ==
Chaudhary Rakesh Singh Tikait was born on 4 June 1969 in [[Sisauli]] town of [[Muzaffarnagar]], Uttar Pradesh. He is the son of a prominent farmer leader and BKU co-founder late [[Mahendra Singh Tikait]].<ref name="aajtak"/> His eldest brother is Naresh Tikait, who is the National President of the BKU.<ref name="aajtak"/>

He upholds [[Gandhian]] ideology.<ref name="Mehrotra b889">{{cite web | last=Mehrotra | first=Vani | title=Ideological fight with govt, will return home when new farm laws are repealed: Rakesh Tikait | website=India TV News | date=2021-01-31 | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/rakesh-tikait-response-repeal-farm-laws-pm-modi-all-party-meet-farmers-protest-681573}}</ref>

== Career ==
Tikait graduated with an [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] degree from [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University|Meerut University]] and then did [[LLB]] after that. He joined [[Delhi Police]] in 1992, as [[constable]] then Sub Inspector,<ref>{{cite news |title=Did you know this? Rakesh Tikait, summoned for Delhi tractor rally violence, was once a Delhi Police officer! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/who-is-bku-leader-rakesh-tikait-from-delhi-police-si-to-spearheading-farmers-protest-know-more-about-him-2338416.html |access-date=29 January 2021 |work=zeenews |language=en}}</ref> but left Delhi police in 1993{{ndash}}1994. After leaving the police, he joined the BKU.<ref name="aajtak"/> After the death of his father, Tikait officially joined BKU and later became its spokesperson.<ref name="aajtak">{{cite news |title=जानिए कौन हैं राकेश टिकैत, जो किसानों की तरफ से सरकार से कर रहे बातचीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/India/news/story/know-who-is-Rakesh-tikait-representing-Indian-farmers-union-1174478-2020-12-09 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=आज तक |language=hi |trans-title=Find out who is Rakesh Tikait, who is talking to the government on behalf of farmers }}</ref> In 2018, Tikait was the leader of Kisan Kranti Yatra from [[Haridwar]], [[Uttrakhand]] to [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Strong movements will help farmers, says Rakesh Tikait of BKU |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/opinion/strong-movements-will-help-farmers-says-rakesh-tikait-bku-1502745039.html |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Statesman |date=13 April 2019}}</ref> Tikait had contested the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007 UP Assembly elections]] from the [[Khatauli (Assembly constituency)|Khatauli]] seat as a candidate of the Bahujan Kisan Dal (BKD) party (with [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] support), only to finish a distant sixth.<ref name="elections2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh |website=Election Commission of India |access-date= 25 February 2021 |page=832}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/cong-joins-hands-with-tikait/26652/ |title=Cong joins hands with Tikait|newspaper=Indian Express |date=26 March 2007 |agency=Express News Service |access-date= 25 February 2021}}</ref> In the [[2014 Indian general election]], he fought on a [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] ticket from [[Amroha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amroha]] Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name=indianexpress>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/a-breakdown-and-the-rise-of-farmer-leader-rakesh-tikait-7167239/ |title=A breakdown, and the rise of farmer leader Rakesh Tikait |newspaper=Indian Express |date=30 January 2021 |author=Harish Damodaran |access-date= 5 February 2021}}</ref>

== 2020-21 Farmers protest ==
In November 2020, his organization BKU joined the [[2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]], demanding declaration of [[Minimum support price (India)|MSP]] as a legal right, exclusion of farmers from the law to curb pollution to allow burning of crops (consensus to which was reached during the sixth round of talks between the Centre and Farmer Union)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Farm Law Talks: Centre, Farmers Reach Consensus on Power Tariff, Stubble Burning|url=https://thewire.in/government/farmers-protesting-delhi-borders-talks-centre-farm-unions-underway|access-date=2021-03-30|website=The Wire}}</ref> and removal of the [[2020 Indian agriculture acts|farm bills]]."Our biggest concern is that operations in mandis and outside would be different. While mandis would levy taxes, there would be no tax or market fee outside. The government is not abolishing the Agricultural Produce Market Committees directly. However, the mandi system enables an assured minimum support price, which will collapse gradually" said Rakesh Tikait.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The mandi system will eventually collapse: Rakesh Tikait on new farm laws|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/interviews/agriculture/the-mandi-system-will-eventually-collapse-rakesh-tikait-on-new-farm-laws-73484|access-date=2021-10-13|website=www.downtoearth.org.in|date=21 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> After violence broke out in the National Capital on 26 January ([[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]]), Delhi Police filed an FIR against Rakesh Tikait and a few other farmer leaders for their role in inciting violence on [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] and breach of the [[No Objection Certificate|NOC]] issued by Delhi Police.<ref name=zeenews>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/yogendra-yadav-darshan-pal-rakesh-tikait-other-leaders-booked-for-violence-during-farmers-tractor-march-in-delhi-2338066.html |title=Yogendra Yadav, Darshan Pal, Rakesh Tikait, other leaders booked for violence during farmers' tractor march in Delhi |website=zeenews.india.com |date=27 Jan 2021 |editor=Pushkar Tiwari |access-date= 5 February 2021}}</ref>

On 19 November 2021, the government took the decision to repeal the bills. Both houses of Parliament successfully passed the Farm Laws Repeal Bill, 2021 on 29 November.<ref name="Prusty 2021 s422">{{cite web | last=Prusty | first=Nigam | title=India's parliament passes bill to repeal controversial farm laws | website=Reuters | date=2021-11-29 | url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/indias-parliament-passes-bill-repeal-controversial-farm-laws-2021-11-29/ | access-date=2023-10-29}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tikait, Rakesh}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:People from Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian farmers]]
[[Category:Indian farmers' rights activists]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Leaders of 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Lok Dal politicians]]

Hosei Norota

2025-10-27T07:09:04Z

NoemiConley374:

{{Short description|Japanese politician (1929–2019)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Update|date=June 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Hōsei Norota
|native_name = {{nobold|野呂田芳成}}
|native_name_lang = ja
|image = Hosei Norota 1999.jpg
|image_size = 250px
|caption = Official portrait, 1999
|office = [[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Director-General of the Japan Defense Agency]]
|primeminister = [[Keizō Obuchi]]
|term_start = 20 November 1998
|term_end = 5 October 1999
|predecessor = [[Fukushiro Nukaga]]
|successor = [[Riki Kawara]]
|office1 = [[Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]]
|primeminister1 = [[Tomiichi Murayama]]
|term_start1 = 8 August 1995
|term_end1 = 11 January 1996
|predecessor1 = [[Taichirō Ōgawara]]
|successor1 = [[Ichizō Ōhara]]
|office2 = Member of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]]
|constituency2 = [[Akita 1st district (1947–1993)|Akita 1st]] (1983–1996) [[Akita 2nd district|Akita 2nd]] (1996–2009)
|term_start2 = 19 December 1983
|term_end2 = 21 July 2009
|predecessor2 = [[Hirohide Ishida]]
|successor2 = [[Hiroshi Kawaguchi (politician)|Hiroshi Kawaguchi]]
|office3 = Member of the [[House of Councillors]]
|constituency3 = [[Akita at-large district|Akita at-large]]
|term_start3 = 11 July 1977
|term_end3 = 9 July 1983
|predecessor3 = [[Masaji Sawada]]
|successor3 = [[Hiromitsu Deguchi]]
|birth_date = {{birth date|1929|10|25|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Noshiro, Akita]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2019|05|23|1929|10|25|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Tokyo]], Japan
|alma_mater = [[Chuo University]]
|party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic]]
}}
{{nihongo|'''Hosei Norota'''|野呂田芳成|Norota Hōsei|25 October 1929 – 23 May 2019}} was a Japanese [[politician]] of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]], a member of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]] in the [[Diet of Japan|Diet]] (national legislature). A native of [[Noshiro, Akita]] and graduate of [[Chuo University]] he joined the [[Ministry of Construction (Japan)|Ministry of Construction]] in 1953. Leaving the ministry, he was elected to the [[House of Councillors]] in the Diet for the first time in 1977. In 1983 he was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time. From 1995 to 1996 he served as the [[Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]] in [[Tomiichi Murayama]]'s cabinet. In 1998 he served briefly as [[Minister of Defense (Japan)#Minister of State, Head or Director General of the Japan Defense Agency|Director General of the Japan Defense Agency]].
[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 990728-D-2987S-043.jpg|thumb|left|Norota with [[William Cohen|William S. Cohen]]]]
In 2001, Norota received the civilian honor [[Padma Vibhushan]] from the President of India.

Norota died of bladder cancer on 23 May 2019 at a [[Tokyo]] hospital, aged 89.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190524/p2g/00m/0dm/059000cF|title=Former Japanese defense chief Norota dies at 89|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=24 May 2019|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630232939/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20190524/p2g/00m/0dm/059000c|archive-date=30 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.senkyo.janjan.jp/diet/profile/0000/00000028.html |script-title=ja:政治家情報〜野呂田芳成〜 |work=ザ･選挙 |publisher=[[JANJAN]] |access-date=2007-10-11 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203093638/http://www.senkyo.janjan.jp/diet/profile/0000/00000028.html |archive-date=2007-12-03 }}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.norota.jp/}} in Japanese.

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|jp-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kishirō Nakamura]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair, Committee on Construction of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]]|years=1988–1989}}
{{s-aft|after=Yoshiyuki Tōya}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sadatoshi Ozato]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair, Committee on Fundamental National Policies of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]]|years=2000–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=Hisao Horinouchi}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Shōzō Harada}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair, Committee on Budget of the [[House of Representatives (Japan)|House of Representatives]]|years=2001–2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Yūji Tsushima]]}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=Taichirō Ōgawara}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]]|years=1995–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=Ichizō Ōhara}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Fukushiro Nukaga]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Director-General of the Japan Defense Agency]]|years=1998–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Riki Kawara|Tsutomu Kawara]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norota, Hosei}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Noshiro, Akita]]
[[Category:Politicians from Akita Prefecture]]
[[Category:Chuo University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Councillors (Japan)]]
[[Category:Ministers of agriculture, forestry and fisheries of Japan]]
[[Category:Ministers of defense of Japan]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs]]
[[Category:People's New Party politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) 2003–2005]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Japan) 2005–2009]]

{{Japan-politician-1920s-stub}}

Raipur–Dhamtari branch line

2025-10-21T18:51:47Z

NoemiConley374: New some article initial version

{{Short description|Indian railway branch line}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Raipur–Dhamtari Narrow Gauge line
| native_name = रायपुर-धमतरी रेलवे लाइन
| native_name_lang = hi
| status = Defunct
| locale = [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]
| start = [[Raipur Junction railway station|Raipur]]
| end = [[Dhamtari railway station|Dhamtari]]
| stations = [[Raipur Junction railway station|Raipur]], [[Kurud]], [[Abhanpur Junction railway station|Abhanpur]], [[Rajim railway station|Rajim]] (branch), [[Dhamtari railway station|Dhamtari]]
| open = 1900
| close = 2017 (narrow-gauge services withdrawn)
| owner = [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] (1900–1944) [[Indian Railways]] (1944-2017)<ref name="Milestones since BNR to SER">{{Cite journal |title=Milestones since BNR to SER |url=https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,397 |journal=}}</ref>
| operator = [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]](1900–1944) [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]] (1944-2017)
| character = Passenger and freight
| gauge = 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge
| map_state = collapsed
}}

'''Raipur–Dhamtari Railway line''' or '''Raipur–Dhamtari Narrow Gauge line''' was a 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow-gauge branch line in [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]. Constructed and operated by [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]], the line opened in 1900, connecting [[Raipur]] to [[Dhamtari]] over a distance of approximately 56 km via [[Kurud]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raipur and Dhamtari - Ian Manning on the Indian Railways: 1965-1969 {{!}} IRFCA.org |url=https://www.irfca.org/members/trips/manning/raipur.html |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref> In 1909, a further extension created the Rajim Branch—an 18‑km spur from [[Abhanpur]] to [[Rajim]]—bringing the total network length to around 74 km.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Raipur-Dhamtari Railway - FIBIwiki |url=https://wiki.fibis.org/w/Raipur-Dhamtari_Railway |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=wiki.fibis.org}}</ref> Passenger and freight services, initially steam-powered and later dieselised, served numerous small towns and villages in the region. The narrow-gauge service was discontinued in mid‑2017 to facilitate conversion to broad gauge and redevelopment work including an [[Raipur–Naya Raipur Expressway|expressway]] between [[Raipur Junction railway station|Raipur Junction]] and [[Telibandha railway station|Telibandha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=[IRFCA] Raipur District (1909) |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/history/raipur-district.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Traces of British-Era Railway unearthed in Borai Likhma village |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2023/5/19/Traces-of-British-Era-Railway-unearthed-in-Borai-Likhma-village.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.thehitavada.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The Raipur–Dhamtari Railway was constructed by the [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] (BNR) and opened to traffic in 1900. It initially connected Raipur to Dhamtari via Kurud over a distance of 35 miles (56 km) on 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge. In 1909, the line was extended with the Rajim Branch Railway—a further 11 miles (18 km) from Abhanpur Junction to Rajim—bringing the total system length to 46 miles by 1918. In 1924–25, an interchange was provided at Kurud with the 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge Raipur Forestry Tramway, operated under the [[British Raj|Forestry Department of the Central Provinces]]. Following [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]], operations passed to [[Indian Railways]] and were later managed by the [[South East Central Railway zone]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Raipur and Dhamtari - Ian Manning on the Indian Railways: 1965-1969 {{!}} IRFCA.org |url=https://www.irfca.org/members/trips/manning/raipur.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Map Rail |date=1 March 2015 |title=Kurud-Sihawa-Nagari Section.. A Railway That once was.. |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/MapRailIndia/posts/kurud-sihawa-nagari-section-a-railway-that-once-wasraipur-dhamtari-rajim-rail-li/286260994831300/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhamtari Railway Station News - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/news/news-dhamtari-dtr/8090 |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref name="Milestones since BNR to SER">{{Cite journal |title=Milestones since BNR to SER |url=https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,397 |journal=}}</ref>

== Operations and Closure ==
Through much of its existence, the line carried mixed passenger and goods traffic using steam and, later, diesel traction. By mid-May 2017, all narrow-gauge services were withdrawn and the tracks were lifted; the former alignment through [[Raipur]] between [[Raipur Junction railway station|Raipur Junction]] and [[Telibandha railway station|Telibandha]] was converted into an [[Raipur–Naya Raipur Expressway|expressway]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-21 |title=The 'mobile gatekeepers' of India's railways |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29057792 |access-date=2025-07-20 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In August 2021, the [[Government of India]] approved a fresh survey for gauge conversion and potential extension of the former [[Dhamtari]]–[[Kondagaon]] narrow-gauge corridor, aiming to re-establish a broad-gauge link from [[Raipur]] towards [[Bastar district|Bastar]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=स्वर्णबेर |first=कौशल |date=2023-05-06 |title=केन्द्रीय रेलमंत्री ने अब दी सहमति: दूसरे विश्वयुद्ध के बाद बंद हुई धमतरी कोंडागांव नैरो रेललाइन का दोबारा सर्वे |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/raipur/news/re-survey-of-dhamtari-kondagaon-narrow-railline-closed-after-world-war-ii-131249436.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526204503/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/chhattisgarh/raipur/news/re-survey-of-dhamtari-kondagaon-narrow-railline-closed-after-world-war-ii-131249436.html |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=2025-07-20 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CG News: रायपुर से धमतरी 67 किमी नई रेल लाइन बिछाने का हुआ तेज, लोगों को घर खाली करने के निर्देश |url=https://www.patrika.com/dhamtari-news/cg-news-new-railway-line-from-raipur-to-dhamtari-has-gained-momentum-19500388 |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-01 |title=Railway News: धमतरी से जुड़ जाएगा नवा रायपुर और पुराना रायपुर, 120 किमी की रफ्तार से दौड़ेगी ट्रेन, लाखों आबादी को मिलेगी राहत |url=https://www.naidunia.com/chhattisgarh/raipur-railway-news-raipur-dhamtari-railway-track-will-be-ready-by-march-2023-in-chhattisgarh-7963289 |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}</ref>

== Route ==
The line originated at [[Raipur Junction]] and branched southward, passing through dense urban settlements, agricultural areas, and small towns. Key stations on the main line included [[Raipur City railway station|Raipur City]], Mana, Bhatgaon, Kendri, and [[Abhanpur]] before continuing towards [[Dhamtari]]. The Raipur–Rajim branch line served the religious town of [[Rajim]]. The Raipur narrow-gauge station was located adjacent to the broad-gauge platforms but had minimal passenger amenities, often consisting of an uncovered platform and a small waiting area. At [[Abhanpur Junction railway station|Abhanpur Junction]], the line formed an interchange point for services towards Dhamtari and Rajim, with additional sidings for ballast loading and routine operational needs. Despite modest infrastructure and limited capacity, the line played an important role in connecting rural settlements to Raipur city until its closure for gauge conversion in the 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raipur Rajim Narrow Gauge Trip - Vikas Singh - Trip Report {{!}} IRFCA.org |url=https://www.irfca.org/members/trips/vikassingh-raipur-rajim-200706.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Untold Story of Raipur-Dhamtari Railway Raipur-Dhamtari Railways was a narrow gauge line with a gauge of 2 feet 6 inches (762 mm), was… {{!}} Raipur, Nagpur, Bengal |url=https://in.pinterest.com/pin/the-untold-story-of-raipurdhamtari-railway-raipurdhamtari-railways-was-a-narrow-gauge-line-with-a-gauge-of-2-feet-6-inches-762-mm-was--747527238181787862/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Pinterest |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:South East Central Railway zone]]

Syed Amin Ashraf

2025-10-16T17:17:14Z

NoemiConley374: data

{{Short description|Indian academic (1930–2013)}}
{{Overly detailed|date=April 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox religious biography|religion=[[Islam]]
| era = contemporary
| name = Syed Amin Ashraf
| birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1930|07|10}}
| death_date= {{Death date and age|df=yes|2013|02|07|1930|07|10}}
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| region = India
| main_interests = [[Ghazal|Urdu Ghazal]]
| works = ''Urdu Ghazal'', ''Urdu Literary Criticism''
}}

'''Syed Amin Ashraf''' (10 July 1930 – 7 February 2013) was an Indian Urdu Ghazal poet and critic.<ref name="Bio-bibliography.com">{{cite web | title=Authors | website=Bio-bibliography.com | url=http://www.bio-bibliography.com/authors/view/1570 | language=ur | access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref> He earned his PhD in English Literature from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] on the topic ''Major Themes and Imagery in Sarogini Naidu's Poetry'',<ref name="ir.amu.ac.in 2017">{{cite web | title=Major Themes and Imagery in Sarogini Naidu's Poetry - AMU Repository | website=ir.amu.ac.in | date=2017-12-08 | url=http://ir.amu.ac.in/4392/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208174755/http://ir.amu.ac.in/4392/ | archive-date=2017-12-08 | url-status=dead | access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref> and later served the same department.<ref name="Siddiqui 2016">{{cite news | last=Siddiqui | first=Mohammad Asim | title=Words for all times | website=The Hindu | date=2016-02-18 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/words-for-all-times/article8253522.ece | access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref> He produced three poetic collections and a critical compendium of essays in the form of a book. Several academic awards were conferred on his poetic anthologies, and numerous critical articles and books praised his poetic artistry.<ref>'Dr. Syed Amin Ashraf Ek Ta'aruf' by Prof. Iffat Aara in Kitab Numa, New Delhi (March 2013)</ref><ref>'Syed Amin Ashraf Ki Ek Mas'hoor Kardene Wali Ghazal' by Shameem Tarique in Aiwaane Urdu, Delhi ( March 2012)</ref><ref>''Shajar Saaya Daar: Syed Amin Ashraf'' by Rahsid Anwar Rashid in Aaj Kal, New Delhi (April 2013)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/06-sayyad-ameen-ashraf-1.pdf |title=سید امین اشرف |language=ur |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=3 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203072812/http://iri.aiou.edu.pk/indexing/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/06-sayyad-ameen-ashraf-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Biography==
Syed Amin Ashraf was born on 10 July 1930 in Kichhauchha Sharif, the eldest child and son of his parents. His father was Syed Habeeb Ashraf. He worked as a librarian in the village's library.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He received his primary education at a local [[madrasa]]. He received a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], an [[Master of Arts|MA]] and a PhD degree from the [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Syed Amin Ashraf Biography |url=https://www.poetrysoup.com/syed_amin_ashraf/biography |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=PoetrySoup.com |language=en}}</ref>

Ashraf wrote three poetic collections titled, 'Jadae Shab', 'Bahare Ijaad' and 'Qafase Rang'. ''Barg-o-Baar'' is a collection of his critical papers.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He received awards from Ghalib Academy, New Delhi and Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy, Lucknow. He also served as the editor of the ''Aligarh Magazine'' during 1960's.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebook-detail/aligarh-magazine-shumara-number-000-syed-amin-ashraf-magazines|title = Aligarh Magazine}}</ref>

Ashraf died of a cardiac arrest in Aligarh, on 7 February 2013, at the age of 82. He was buried beside his father's grave near the shrine of [[Ashraf Jahangir Semnani]] at Kichaucha Sharif.<ref>'Qaumi Khabrein', Page 1, ''Urdu Daily'' (8 February 2013), Lucknow</ref><ref>'Inquilab', Page 15, ''Urdu Daily'' (8 February 2013), Lucknow</ref><ref>'Dainik Jaagran', Page 9, Hindi Daily (13 February 2013), Dhanbad</ref><ref name="Indian Muslim Blog 2006">{{cite web | title=Remembering Syed Amin Ashraf: Selection of couplets of the prominent Aligarh-based Urdu poet | website=Indian Muslim Blog | date=2006-07-11 | url=http://www.anindianmuslim.com/2013/05/remembering-syed-amin-ashraf-selection.html | access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref>

==Literary works==
* {{Cite book |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLxjAAAAMAAJ |title=Jada-e-Shab |publisher=Educational Publishing House |year=2000 |language=ur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Amin |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/bahar-e-ijad-syed-amin-ashraf-ebooks |title=Bahar-e-Ijad |publisher=Syed Amin Ashraf |year=2007 |trans-title=ur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Amin |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/qafas-e-rang-syed-amin-ashraf-ebooks |title=Qafas-e-Rang |publisher=Syed Amin Ashraf |year=2011 |editor-last=Rizwan |editor-first=Rizwanur Raza |language=ur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Amin |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/barg-o-baar-syed-amin-ashraf-ebooks |title=Barg-o-Bahar |publisher=M K Offset Press |year=2012 |location=Delhi |language=ur}}

==Awards and honours received==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}
* U.P. Urdu Academy Award on the book 'Bahare Ijaad', Lucknow(2007).
* U.P. Urdu Academy Award for contribution to Urdu Poetry, Lucknow (2010).<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2011-03-18 |title=State Urdu Academy Awards distributed in Lucknow |url=https://twocircles.net/2011mar18/state_urdu_academy_awards_distributed_lucknow.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Maikash Award from Maikash Academy, Aligarh (2010).
* Ghalib Award from Ghalib Academy, New Delhi (2011).
* 19 Nov 2012 – 68. Sheri Nashist at the UGC ASC in honour of Dr. Syed Amin. Ashraf

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://rekhta.org/poets/amin-ashraf Syed Amin Ashraf] at [[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashraf, Syed Amin}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:People from Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Ghazal]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian critics]]

Kharnak

2025-09-20T08:06:38Z

NoemiConley374: New Basic Article V1

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kharnak
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = མཁར་ནག་
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.2571983|N|77.7042539|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Leh district|Leh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nyoma]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village/ | title=Villages | District Leh, Union Territory of Ladakh | India }}</ref>
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 4548
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 194
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 895
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Kharnak''' is a village in the [[Leh district]] of [[Ladakh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |title=Blockwise Village Amenity Directory |publisher=Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council |access-date=2015-07-23 }}</ref> It is located in the [[Nyoma]] [[tehsil]].

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India]], Kharnak has 35 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 63.43%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/datagov/CDB_PCA_Census/PCA_CDB_0103_F_Census.xls |title=Leh district census |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=2015-07-23 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 194 || 90 || 104
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 19 || 6 || 13
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 152 || 70 || 82
|-
| Literates || 111 || 66 || 45
|-
| Workers (all) || 93 || 47 || 46
|-
| Main workers (total) || 43 || 41 || 2
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 43 || 41 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 50 || 6 || 44
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 50 || 6 || 44
|-
| Non-workers || 101 || 43 || 58
|}

==Tourism==

Area has [[All Ladakh Gonpa Association#Kharnak|Buddhist monastery]] and valley tourism.

== See also==

* [[All Ladakh Gonpa Association#List|List of buddhist monasteries in Ladakh]]
* [[Geography of Ladakh]]
* [[Tourism in Ladakh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Ladakh}}
{{Leh district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]

Anbil, Tamil Nadu

2025-09-11T14:44:03Z

NoemiConley374: adjusted details based on references and fixed typos

{{Short description|Village in Tamil Nadu}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anbil
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Anbilanthurai-1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Anbil Alanthurai temple
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|10|52|00|N|78|52|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruchirapalli district|Tiruchirapalli]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Anbil''' is a village in [[India]]'s [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]] district, close to [[Lalgudi]], and situated on the banks of the [[Kollidam River]].

Anbil is known for its temples. These include the [[Sundararaja Perumal Temple]] (also called the Vadivalagiya Nambi Perumal Temple), which is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]]; also the Anbil Mariamman Kovil temple, dedicated to the South Indian mother goddess [[Mariamman]]. The latter temple also holds a popular annual car festival.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/anbil-car-festival-on-april-12/article8453654.ece|title=Anbil car festival on April 12|date=2016-04-09|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref>

Anbil is the birthplace of many prominent figures in [[Tamil Nadu]] politics, including [[Anbil P. Dharmalingam]], one of the founding members of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK Political Party]] and previous Cabinet [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|Minister]] in the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu government]].

== Temples ==
The [[Sundararaja Perumal temple]] was constructed in the [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]] and is mentioned in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]],'' the religious canon of the [[Azhwar|Alvar]] saints of the 7th–9th centuries CE. The temple priests, who belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] community, perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) daily and during festivals. The Theerthavari festival celebrated in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of ''Masi'' (February–March), and [[Vaikunta Ekadasi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] celebrated during the Tamil month of ''Margali'' (December–January), are the major festivals celebrated in the temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=167|title=Sundararaja Perumal Temple : Sundararaja Perumal Temple Details {{!}} Sundararaja Perumal- Anbil {{!}} Tamil Nadu Temple {{!}} சுந்தர்ராஜப் பெருமாள்|website=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref> The Sundararaja Perumal temple is one of the 108 [[Divya Desam]] temples dedicated to Vishnu.

The Anbil Mariamman Temple, dedicated to Mariamman, is one of the seven most important Mariamman temples, which include the temples at Samayapuram, Narthan Malai, Veera Singa Pettai, Kannanur, Punnai Nallur and Thiruverkadu. This temple is approximately 700 years old. According to legends from the Puranas, during a flood on the Kollidam river, the Goddess Amman took refuge under the neem tree near this temple, after which the temple was constructed. It is a common for devotees without children to visit this temple to pray for children.

The [[Anbil Sathyavaheesvarar temple|Anbil Alanthurai]] temple is dedicated to [[Shiva]], Alanthuraiar and Soundaranayagi. The architecture is of the Chola period (Parantaka Chola). Here the form of [[Ganesha|Vinayagar]] is called "Sevi saitha Vinayagar." It is one of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalam. This place was referred to in ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by the saint-poets (7th century) [[Sambandar|Thirugnana Sambandhar]] and [[Appar]].

== Agriculture ==
The economy of the village is predominantly agrarian. There has been a scarcity of labor for harvesting, but this has been addressed by use of mechanical harvesting.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mechanical-harvesters-put-labour-problem-of-anbil-farmers-to-rest/article2914741.ece|title=Mechanical harvesters put labour problem of Anbil farmers to rest|date=2012-02-21|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-06-12}}</ref> The main crops cultivated are [[sugarcane]] and paddy.

== Transport ==
The closest railway station is in [[Lalgudi]], about 9 kilometres away. The closest airport is in [[Tiruchirapalli]], which is about 36 kilometres away. The village is connected by the state bus transport system, [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:Anbilanthurai-1.jpg|Anbil Alanthurai Temple

Image:Tiruanbil4.jpg|Sundararaja Perumal Temple
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruchirappalli district]]

Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra

2025-09-10T07:59:49Z

NoemiConley374:

{{Short description|Indian Marathi-language comedy reality show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra.jpeg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| genre = [[Comedy (drama)|Comedy]]
| creator =
| writer = Rishikant Raut Sachin Mote Prathamesh Shivalkar Shramesh Betkar Vinayak Purushottam Abhijeet Pawar [[Prasad Khandekar]] [[Samir Choughule]]
| director = Sachin Goswami
| presenter = [[Prajakta Mali]]
| judges = {{ubl|[[Sai Tamhankar]]|[[Prasad Oak]]|[[Alka Kubal]]|[[Makarand Anaspure]]|[[Mahesh Kothare]]|[[Siddhartha Jadhav]]|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]|[[Pushkar Shrotri]]}}
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons = 5
| num_episodes = 803 
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Dashrath Shirsat
| producer = Sachin Goswami Sachin Mote
| editor =
| runtime = 45-90 minutes
| company = Wet Cloud Production
| network = [[Sony Marathi]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|08|22}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''''Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra''''' ({{translation|Comedy fair of Maharashtra}}) is an Indian [[Marathi-language]] [[comedy]] show which premiered on [[Sony Marathi]] on 22 August 2018. It is produced by Sachin Goswami and Sachin Mote under the banner of Wet Cloud Production. It is hosted by [[Prajakta Mali]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Prajakta Mali excited to host Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra once again - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prajakta-mali-excited-to-host-maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-once-again/articleshow/76156780.cms |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-12 |title=Prajakta Mali Vs Sai Tamhankar: Who Dresses Their Best On The Sets Of Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra? |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/movies/celebrities-movies/prajakta-mali-vs-sai-tamhankar-dresses-best-sets-maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra/2021/05/12 |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=IWMBuzz}}</ref>

==Season summary==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Season !! Host !! Judges !! Winners
|-
| 2018 || ''Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra 1'' || [[Prajakta Mali]]
||
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]
* [[Prasad Oak]]
||
* [[Gaurav More]]
* Vanita Kharat
|-
| 2019 || ''Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra 2'' || [[Prajakta Mali]]
||
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]
* [[Prasad Oak]]
* [[Mahesh Kothare]]
||
* Prithvik Pratap
* Sheetal Kulkarni
|-
| 2020 || ''Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra – Vindoacha Nava Hangam'' || [[Prajakta Mali]]
||
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]
* [[Prasad Oak]]
* [[Alka Kubal]]
* [[Makarand Anaspure]]
||
* Shramesh Betkar
* Prathamesh Shivalkar
|-
| 2021 || ''Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra - Navya Korya Vinodacha Punha Hangam'' || [[Prajakta Mali]]
||
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]
* [[Prasad Oak]]
||
|}

== Concept ==
It is a Marathi language [[stand up comedy]] reality show where popular Marathi actors and professional comedians perform skits on stage. Skits' duration is around 12 to 15 minutes. First of all host of show ([[Prajakta Mali]]) briefly introduces subject of skit to audience & Judges ([[Prasad Oak]], [[Sai Tamhankar]]). Then all comedians perform their act (skit). Judges give them comments as per their performances. As this show has been extremely popular, many celebrities too use this platform for promoting their films, dramas and webseries & they also take part in skit as guest performer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Prajakta Mali Asks Fans To Spot Her in Picture Celebrating 500 Episodes of Her Show |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prajakta-mali-asks-fans-to-spot-her-in-picture-celebrating-500-episodes-of-her-show-4931870.html |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== Judges ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Judges
!Season 1
!Season 2
!Season 3
!Season 4
|-
|[[Sai Tamhankar]]
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#CEF2E0"|Main (2018–present)
|-
|[[Prasad Oak]]
|-
|[[Sonali Kulkarni]]
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| colspan="2" align="center" |Main (2022-present)
|-
|[[Mahesh Kothare]]
|
|align="center" bgcolor="F2CEE0"|Main (2019)
|
|
|-
|[[Alka Kubal]]
|
|
| rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="F2CEE0" |Main (2020)
|
|-
|[[Makarand Anaspure]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Siddharth Jadhav]]
|
| colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#E0CEF2" |Recurring (2019-2021)
|-
|[[Pushkar Shrotri]]
|
|align="center" bgcolor="#E0CEF2"|Recurring (2019-2020)
|
|
|}

=== Guest Judge ===
* [[Sunil Barve]]
* [[Usha Nadkarni]]
* [[Swapnil Joshi]]
* [[Bharti Achrekar]]
* [[Johnny Lever]]
* [[Anu Malik]]
* [[Nirmiti Sawant]]
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
* [[Shivaji Satam]]
* [[Ashwini Bhave]]

== Cast ==
;Color key
: {{Color box|#FF7F50|border=darkgray}} Hasya Khurda
: {{Color box|#90EE90|border=darkgray}} Hasya Budruk

{| class="wikitable"
!Team
!Cast
!Season 1
!Season 2
!Season 3
!Season 4
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|[[Prasad Khandekar]]
| colspan="4" style="background:#87CEEB;" |Captain (2018–present)
|-
|[[Namrata Sambherao]]
| style="background:#87CEEB;"| Captain (2018)
|{{Quit}}
| colspan="2" style="background:#87CEEB;"|Captain (2019–present)
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background:#90EE90;"|
|[[Samir Choughule]]
| colspan="4" style="background:#87CEEB;"|Captain (2018–present)
|-
|[[Vishakha Subhedar]]
| colspan="4" style="background:#87CEEB;" |Captain (2018 - 2022)
|-
|[[Gaurav More]]
|{{Won|Winner}} (2018)
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019–2025)
|-
|[[Vanita Kharat]]
|Contestant- {{Won|Winner}} (2018)
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2019)
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2019) and Captain (2019)
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2019–present)
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|Shramesh Betkar
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DFF;"|Runner-up (2018)
| rowspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019)
|Contestant- {{Won|Winner}} (2019)
| rowspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2022-present)
|-
|Prathamesh Shivalkar
|{{Won|Winner}} (2019)
|-
|Rasika Vengurlekar
| rowspan="2" style="background:#7FFFD4;"|2nd Runner-up (2018)
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019–present)
|-
|Mukesh Jadhav
| colspan="2" style="background:#FF69B4;" |Not Participated
| style="background:#FF69B4;" | Not Participated
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;" |
|Anvita Phaltankar
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DDA0DD;" |3rd Runner-up (2018)
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDFFF;" |Quit
|-
|Mandar Mandavkar
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FF7F50;" |
|Sayali Parab
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FF69B4;" |4th Runner-up (2018)
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019)
|-
|Nitin Jadhav
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDFFF;" |Quit
|-
|Ajay Kamble
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;" |
|Bhakti Ratnaparkhi
| rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;" |5th Runner-up (2018)
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2019)
|rowspan="6" style="background:#FFDFFF;"|Quit
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Ashutosh Wadekar
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#FFDFFF;" |Quit
|{{Quit}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF7F50;" |
|Shailesh Korde
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFAF0;" |6th Runner-up (2018)
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Mahendra Khillare
|{{Quit}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;" |
|Ankit Mhatre
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |7th Runner-up (2018)
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Mayuri Mohite
|{{Quit}}
|-
| style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|Pandharinath Kamble
| rowspan="8" style="background: yellow;" |Guest Performer (2018)
| colspan="3" style="background:#87CEEB;" |Captain (2019–2022)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;" |
|Arun Kadam
| colspan="3" style="background:#87CEEB;" |Captain (2019–present)
|-
|[[Anshuman Vichare]]
| colspan="3" style="background:#87CEEB;" |Captain (2019–2022)
|-
| style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|[[Prabhakar More (actor)|Prabhakar More]]
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019–present)
|-
| style="background:#90EE90;"|
|Suhas Paranjape
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019-2021)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF7F50;" |
|Sandesh Upashyam
| colspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019-2020)
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Rohit Chavan
| colspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019-2020)
|{{Quit}}
|-
| style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|Shyam Rajput
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019–present)
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;"|
|[[Prithvik Pratap]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF69B4;" |Not Participated
|Contestant- {{Won|Winner}} (2019)
|{{Quit}}
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2021–present)
|-
|Sheetal Kulkarni
|Contestant- {{Won|Winner}} (2019)
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
| style="background:#FF7F50;"|
| rowspan="2" |Shivali Parab
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF69B4;" |Not Participated
| rowspan="3" style="background:#DFF;"|Runner-up (2019)
| colspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (July 2020 – present)
|-
| style="background:#90EE90;" |
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2019)
|{{Quit}}
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background:#FF7F50;" |
|Sachin Gavade
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FF69B4;" |Not Participated
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2020)
|{{Quit}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Nimish Kulkarni
| rowspan="3" style="background:#7FFFD4;" |2nd Runner-up (2019)
| colspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (July 2020 – June 2022)
|-
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (2019)
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Chetana Bhat
| rowspan="10" style="background:#FF69B4;" |Not Participated
| colspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019–present)
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background:#90EE90;" |
|Renuka Bodhankar
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DDA0DD;" |3rd Runner-up (2018)
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Akshay Joshi
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Kiran Dange
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF69B4;" |4th Runner-up (2018)
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Niyati Ghate
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|Akshay Dhamal
| rowspan="2" style="background:#959FFD;"|5th Runner-up (2018)
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
|Pranita Salunkhe
|{{Quit}}
|{{Quit}}
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FF7F50;"|
|Ashish Pawar
|{{Quit}}
| style="background: yellow;"| Performer (July 2020 - 2021)
|{{Quit}}
|-
|[[Onkar Bhojane]]
| colspan="3" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (2019–2022)
|-
|Bhushan Kadu
|{{Quit}}
| colspan="2" style="background: yellow;" |Performer (July 2020 - 2021)
|}

* [[Priyadarshini Indalkar]] (2020–present)
* Nikhil Bane (2018–present)
* Dattu More (2022-present)
* Viraj Jagtap (2022-present)
* Ashish Pawar (2022)
* Rohit Mane (2022-present)
* [[Onkar Raut]] (2022-present)
* [[Esha Dey]] (2023-present)

=== Guests Comedians ===
* [[Sulekha Talwalkar]]
* Anupama Takmoghe
* Atul Todankar
* Prajakta Hanamghar
* Anand Ingale
* [[Surekha Kudachi]]
* Chinmayee Sumeet
* Suvedha Desai
* Rujuta Deshmukh
* [[Bhargavi Chirmule]]
* [[Bharat Jadhav]]
* [[Meghana Erande]]
* [[Jyoti Subhash]]
* [[Apurva Nemlekar]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ratris Khel Chale fame Apurva Nemlekar to feature in Maharashtrachi Hasya Jatra - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ratris-khel-chale-fame-apurva-nemlekar-to-feature-in-maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra/articleshow/90142480.cms |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Subodh Bhave]]
* [[Prasad Jawade]]
* Sudhir Nikam
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
* [[Lalit Prabhakar]]
* [[Rohit Raut]]
* [[Subhash Ghai]]
* Rohit Haldikar
* Sonali Parchure
* [[Vijay Patkar]]
* [[Atul Gogavale]]
* [[Bhuvan Bam]]
* Akshay Tanksale
* [[Ranveer Singh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt9437568}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/maharashtrachi-hasya-jatra-hasyacha-chaukaar-1700000221 ''Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra''] at [[SonyLIV]]

[[Category:Sony Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedy television series]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]

Kamla Rai College

2025-08-02T18:39:31Z

NoemiConley374: brief improved layout for accuracy additionally and fixed typos

{{Short description|Degree college in Bihar}}
{{Infobox university
| native_name = कमला राय महाविद्यालय
| established = {{Start date and age|1956}}
| type = Undergraduate Public College
| principal = Dr.AK Pandey
| city = [[Gopalganj, Bihar]]
| state =
| postalcode = 841428
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|27|21|N|84|26|57|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| website = {{URL|http://kamlaraicgpl.org/}}
| image = [[File:Kamla Rai College.jpg|225px|]]
}}
'''Kamla Rai College''' is a degree college in [[Gopalganj, Bihar]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gopalganj.nic.in/public-utility/kamla-rai-college/|title=Kamla Rai College {{!}} Website of Gopalganj District {{!}} India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref> It is a constituent unit of [[Jai Prakash University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jpv.bih.nic.in/university/colleges/C_KRC.htm|title=.:: Jai Prakash Vishwavidyalaya - Gopalganj College, Gopalganj ::.|website=jpv.bih.nic.in|access-date=2020-02-09}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The college offers intermediate, three years degree course (TDC) and post graduate degree in arts and science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.way2college.com/colleges/gopalganj/kamla-rai-college-gopalganj|title=Kamla Rai College, Gopalganj, Admission, Contact, Ranking 2020|website=Way2College|language=en|access-date=2020-02-09}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== History ==
The college was established in the year 1956.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kamlaraicgpl.org/about.php#aboutcollege|title=Kamla Rai College Gopalganj|website=kamlaraicgpl.org|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref>

== Departments ==

* Arts
** [[Hindi]]
** [[Urdu]]
** [[English language | English]]
** [[Sanskrit]]
** [[Philosophy]]
** [[Economics]]
** [[Political Science]]
** [[History]]
** [[Geography]]
** [[Psychology]]
* Science
** [[Mathematics]]
** [[Physics]]
** [[Chemistry]]
** [[Zoology]]
** [[Botany]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://kamlaraicgpl.org/ Official website]
* [http://jpv.bih.nic.in/ Jai Prakash University website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820145810/http://jpv.bih.nic.in/ |date=2019-08-20 }}

{{Jai Prakash University}}

[[Category:Colleges in India]]
[[Category:Constituent colleges of Jai Prakash University]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Bihar]]

Paederia foetida

2025-05-31T10:56:25Z

NoemiConley374: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Skunkvine
|image = Starr_001101-0044_Paederia_foetida.jpg
|taxon = Paederia foetida
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name = trop> This species was first described botanically and published in ''Mantissa Plantarum'' 1: 52. 1767. {{ cite web |url = http://www.tropicos.org/Name/27902990 |title = Name - ''Paederia foetida'' L. |work = Tropicos |publisher = [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location = [[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |accessdate = August 9, 2010}}</ref>
|synonyms =
*''P. magnifica'' [[Francisco Noronha|Noronha]] ([[nomen nudum|nom. nud.]])
*''P. scandens'' ([[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]) [[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]]
*''P. tomentosa'' [[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]
*''Gentiana scandens'' Lour.
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = grin>{{GRIN | accessdate = August 9, 2010}}</ref>
}}

'''''Paederia foetida''''' is a [[species]] of [[plant]], with common names that are variations of '''skunkvine''', '''stinkvine''', '''pilau maile (Hawaiian)''' or '''Chinese fever vine'''.<ref name=issg>{{ cite web |url=http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=632 |title=Ecology of ''Paederia foetida'' |work=ISSG Database |publisher=Invasive Species Specialist Group ([[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] and [[Species Survival Commission|SSC]] |accessdate=August 9, 2010}}</ref> It is native to temperate, and tropical [[Asia]]; and has become naturalized in the [[Mascarenes]], [[Melanesia]], [[Polynesia]], and the [[Hawaii]]an Islands, also found in North America by recent studies.<ref name=grin/>

''Paederia foetida'' is known for the strong, [[sulphur]]ous [[aroma|odour]] exuded when its [[leaf|leaves]] or [[Plant stem|stem]]s are crushed or bruised.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chanda|first1=Silpi|last2=Sarethy|first2=Indira P.|last3=De|first3=Biplab|last4=Singh|first4=Kuldeep|date=2013-12-01|title=Paederia foetida — a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India|journal=Journal of Forestry Research|language=en|volume=24|issue=4|pages=801–808|doi=10.1007/s11676-013-0369-2|s2cid=5969235|issn=1993-0607}}</ref> This is because the oil responsible for the smell, and found primarily within the leaves, contains sulphur compounds, including largely [[dimethyl disulphide]].<ref name=fgj>{{ cite journal |title=Steam volatile constituents of the aerial parts of ''Paederia foetida'' L. (abstract) |author=K.C.Wong |author2=G.L.Tan |location=Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia |journal=Flavour and Fragrance Journal |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=25–28 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |date=Jan–Feb 1994 |doi=10.1002/ffj.2730090106}}</ref>

==Distribution==
''P. foetida'' is native to [[Bangladesh]] and southern [[Bhutan]]; [[Cambodia]]; [[Taiwan]] and [[China]] (in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]], and the provinces of [[Anhui]], [[Fujian]], [[Gansu]], [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], [[Hainan]], [[Henan]], [[Hubei]], [[Hunan]], [[Jiangsu]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Shandong]], [[Shanxi]], [[Sichuan]], [[Xizang]], [[Yunnan]], [[Zhejiang]]); [[India]] (in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram]], [[Nagaland]], [[Odisha]], [[Sikkim]], [[Telangana]], in the northern part of [[West Bengal]], and the [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] and [[Nicobar Islands|Nicobar]] islands); [[Indonesia]]; [[Japan]] (in [[Honshu]], [[Kyushu]], [[Shikoku]] prefectures, as well as in the [[Ryukyu Islands]]); [[Laos]]; [[Malaysia]]; [[Myanmar]]; [[Nepal]]; the [[Philippines]]; [[Singapore]]; [[South Korea]]; [[Thailand]]; and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=grin/>

==Uses==
It is sometimes planted as an [[ornamental plant|ornamental]], and has virtue in [[folk medicine]].<ref name=grin/><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chanda|first1=Silpi|last2=Deb|first2=Lokesh|last3=Tiwari|first3=Raj Kumar|last4=Singh|first4=Kuldeep|last5=Ahmad|first5=Sayeed|date=2015-09-03|title=Gastroprotective mechanism of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae) – a popular edible plant used by the tribal community of North-East India|journal=BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume=15|issue=1|pages=304|doi=10.1186/s12906-015-0831-0|issn=1472-6882|pmc=4557762|pmid=26335308 |doi-access=free }}</ref> It is also used as a culinary spice in some traditional cooking in North Eastern and Eastern [[India]]. In [[Hainanese cuisine]], the leaves are ground into flour and mixed with rice to form noodles used in a sweet soup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.traveltohaikou.com/experiences-food/hainan-local-food/jishiteng-guozai-soup-chinese-fevervine-herb-soup|title = Jishiteng Guozai Soup (Chinese Fevervine Herb Soup) | Welcome to Sunny Haikou}}</ref>

==Pests and diseases==
The [[caterpillar]]s of four [[Sphingidae|hawkmoth]] species are recorded to feed on ''P. foetida'': ''[[Neogurelca hyas]]'', ''[[Macroglossum corythus]]'', ''[[Macroglossum pyrrhosticta|M. pyrrhosticta]]'' and ''[[Macroglossum sitiene|M. sitiene]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Gaden S.|last2=Ackery|first2=Phillip R.|last3=Kitching|first3=Ian J.|last4=Beccaloni|first4=George W.|last5=Hernández|first5=Luis M.|title=HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants|website=Natural History Museum, London|url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/hostplants|date=2010|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1209690}}

[[Category:Paederieae]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1767]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Flora of Japan]]
[[Category:Flora of Korea]]
[[Category:Flora of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Flora of tropical Asia]]

{{Rubioideae-stub}}

Hmuifang

2025-05-24T22:11:11Z

NoemiConley374: added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{short description|Mountain in India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Hmuifang
| photo =Hmuifang Mountain Side.jpg
| photo_caption = Hmuifang Mountainside
| elevation_m = 1619
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref =
| listing =
| map =
| map_caption =
| map_size = 260
| label_position = right
| location = [[Aizawl District]], [[Mizoram]], [[India]]
| range = [[Lushai Hills]]
| coordinates = {{coord|23.449889939713874|92.75768633477064|region:IN_type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| topo =
| type = volcanic eruption
| age = around 10th BC
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route = }}

'''Hmuifang''' is a tourist spot about 50 km from [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]], India. With an elevation of 1,619 metres,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mountain in Mizoram |url=http://mizoram.nic.in/about/hill.htm |website=mizoram nic in |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> the mountain is covered with forest reserves since all the Mizo Chief's time.<ref>{{cite web|title=HMUIFANG TOURIST RESORT|url=http://tourism.mizoram.gov.in/page/hmuifang-tourist-resort.html|publisher=Govt of Mizoram|access-date=24 August 2012|archive-date=18 December 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121218200046/http://tourism.mizoram.gov.in/page/hmuifang-tourist-resort.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
Hmuifang Tourist resort has been built right on the former land of Lallianvunga the erstwhile chief who used to rule over the villages in the mountain.<ref>{{cite web|last=Patawrawt|title=Hmuifang tlang ah lawn ru|url=http://www.misual.com/2007/03/15/hmuifang-tlang-ah-lawn-ru/|publisher=misual.com|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> Hmuifang is also the source of [[Tuirial River]].

==Thalfavang Kut==
Thalfavang Kut, a Mizo festival is being regularly being held in Hmuifang organized the Tourism Department of Mizoram to promote Tourism.<ref>{{cite news|title=V Purushothaman Keen to Build Mizoram Tourist Destination|url=http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/mizoram/v-purushothaman-keen-to-build-mizoram-tourist-destination/|access-date=24 August 2012|newspaper=Northeast Today|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218002518/http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/mizoram/v-purushothaman-keen-to-build-mizoram-tourist-destination/|archive-date=18 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Different Mizo dances like Cheraw, Sawlakai, Siktuithiang lam and Chheihlam<ref>{{cite news|title=Thalfavang Kut hawn a ni|url=http://www.ralvengtu.com/news/north-east/624-thalfavang-kut-hawn-a-ni.html|access-date=24 August 2012|newspaper=Ralvengtu}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> are showcased in the festival.<ref>{{cite web|title=GOVERNOR IN THALFAVANG KUT A HMANPUI|url=http://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/-governor-in-thalfavang-kut-a-hmanpui|publisher=DIPR Mizoram|access-date=24 August 2012|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306114923/https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/press-release/-governor-in-thalfavang-kut-a-hmanpui|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
[[Tourism in Mizoram]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121012033739/http://mizotourism.nic.in/hmuifang.htm Hmuifang]
{{Mizoram}}
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Tourism in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Hills of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Lushai Hills]]
[[Category:Mountains of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Geography of Mizoram]]

Kritika Singh Yadav

2025-03-08T08:39:49Z

NoemiConley374: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[Deewaniyat]]

Ravlya Fort

2025-01-05T14:11:13Z

NoemiConley374: slightly adjusted page for consistency also and updated info

{{Short description|17th Century fort ruins in Maharashtra, India}}
{{moresources|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox Military Structure
|name = Ravlya Fort
|native_name = रवळ्या किल्ला
|partof = Ajintha Satmal Hill Range
|location = [[Nashik district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|image =
|caption =
|map_type=India Maharashtra#India
| map_size = 250
|map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
|type = Hill fort
|coordinates = {{coord|20|22|19.5|N|73|58|14.1|E}}
|materials = Stone
|height = 4369 Ft.
|used =
|condition = in ruins
|ownership = government of India
|open_to_public = yes
|controlledby = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}}Mughal Empire(1636-1670) {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} (1670-1818) {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] (1818-1857)
* {{flagicon image|British Raj Red Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]] (1859-1947)
{{flagcountry|India}} (1947-)
}}
'''Ravalya Fort ''' ({{langx|mr|रवळ्या किल्ला}}, {{langx|hi|रवल्या किला}}, transliteration: ''Ravalya Qilа̄'')is located 43 km from [[Nashik]], [[Nashik district]], of [[Maharashtra]]. The Ravlya fort and Javlya fort are twin forts located on a single hill plateau. Ravlya on the west and the Javlya on the east side of the hill plateau.

==History==
The fort was positioned to overlook the trade route from [[Khandesh]] to [[Nashik]]. The twin forts are also named as "Rola-Jola" forts. In 1636 this fort was won by Alavardikhan for the Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. In 1670 this fort was won by [[Shivaji]] Maharaj. In 1671 Dilerkhan encircled the fort with [[Mughal Army|Moghul]] Army but, was defeated. However, MahabatKhan captured this fort. This fort was under the Peshwas for a long time until the British forces captured it in 1818.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trekshitiz.com/trekshitiz/marathi/Rawlya-Trek-R-Alpha.html|title=Rawlya, Sahyadri,Shivaji,Trekking,Marathi,Maharastra|website=trekshitiz.com}}</ref> In 1819 Captain Mackintosh destroyed the steps, bastion and the walls of the fort making the ascent of the fort impracticable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/022%20Places/001%20Place.htm#RavlyaJavlya |title=Nasik District Gazetteers |publisher=Cultural.maharashtra.gov.in |date=1965-03-31 |accessdate=2018-05-26}}</ref>

==How to reach==
There are regular buses from [[Nashik]] to [[Wani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Wani]]. The cole ahead of the base village Babapur can be reached easily by bus. It takes about 5 hours to see both the forts.

==Places to see==
There is nothing structure left on the fort except few ruined buildings and few dried up water cisterns.
{{coord|20|22|19.5|N|73|58|14.1|E|display=title}}

== See also ==
* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[Marathi people|Marathi People]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
* [[Military history of India]]
* [[Mughal Empire]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Forts in Nashik district]]
[[Category:16th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nashik district]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]

Tiruvettakkudi Sundareshwarar Temple

2024-11-06T18:03:08Z

NoemiConley374:

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Pondicherry, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Vettakuditirimenialagartemple1.jpg|200x200px|right|The main gopura of the temple|thumb]]
''' Tiruvettakkudi Sundareshwarar Temple'''<ref name="dinamalar">{{Cite web
|url= https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=140
|title= Sri Sundareshwarar temple
|work=Dinamalar temples
|access-date=7 August 2015
}}</ref> ({{Lang|ta|திருவேட்டக்குடி சுந்தரேசுவரர் கோயில்}}<ref name="ta.wikipedia.org">[[:ta:திருவேட்டக்குடி சுந்தரேசுவரர் கோயில்]]</ref>) is a [[Hindu temple]] located at [[Thiruvettakudy|Tiruvettakudi]] in the [[Karaikal district]] of the [[Union Territory of Puducherry|Union Territory of Pondicherry]], in [[India]].<ref>[http://www.shivatemples.com/sofc/sc049.php Tirumeniazhagar Temple, Tiruvettakkudi]</ref> The presiding deity is [[Shiva]]. He is called as Sundareshwarar. His consort is known as
Shantha Nayaki.<ref name="dm">[https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=140 Sri Sundareshwarar temple]</ref>

== Significance ==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 350
| width1 = 2530 | height1 = 1536
| width2 = 2530 | height2 = 1536
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Vettakuditirimenialagartemple2.jpg
|image2=Vettakuditirimenialagartemple3.jpg
|footer=Vimanas of the presiding deity and the consort
|footer_align=center
}}
It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Tirugnanasambandar]].<ref name="dm"/>

== Literary mention ==
Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirugnanasambandar Tevaram, III: 66:9</ref>
{{cquote|அருமறைநான் முகத்தானு மகலிடநீ ரேற்றானும் 
இருவருமா யளப்பரிய வெரியுருவாய் நீண்டபிரான் 
வருபுனலின் மணியுந்தி மறிதிரையார் சுடர்ப்பவளத் 
திருவுருவில் வெண்ணீற்றார் திருவேட்டக் குடியாரே.}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|title= Sri Sundareshwarar temple |url= https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=140 |publisher =[[Dinamalar]]}}
* {{cite web|title= Tirumeniazhagar Temple, Tiruvettakkudi
|url= http://www.shivatemples.com/sofc/sc049.php |publisher=Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu, Paadal Petra Sivasthalangal}}

{{coord missing|Puducherry}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}

Sandeep Kumar

2024-10-23T05:44:26Z

NoemiConley374: stub

'''Sandeep Kumar''' may refer to:

*[[Sandeep Kumar (archer)]], Indian archer
*[[Sandeep Kumar (politician)]] (born 1980), Indian minister in Delhi government
*[[Sandeep Kumar (racewalker)]] (born 1986), Indian racewalker
*[[Sandeep Kumar (rower)]] (born 1988), Indian rower
*[[Sandeep Kumar (weightlifter)]] (born 1975), Indian weightlifter
*[[Sandeep Kumar (wrestler)]] (born 1983), Indian wrestler

{{hndis|Kumar, Sandeep}}

Sanju Mattu Geetha 2

2024-02-16T00:27:08Z

NoemiConley374: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Sanju Weds Geetha]]

Bharatpedia:WikiProject Indian Premier League/Invitation

2024-02-15T17:13:49Z

NoemiConley374: new

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Hello, '''{{<includeonly>subst:</includeonly>PAGENAME}}'''! We are looking for editors to join '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian Premier League|WikiProject Indian Premier League]]''', an collaborative group which aims to support development of [[Indian Premier League]] related articles in Wikipedia. We thought you might be interested, and hope that you will join us. Joining us helps to improve the quality of [[Indian Premier League]]-related articles which are not in a good condition. I hope that you won't dismiss this request. We trust you, {{PAGENAME}}, and we know that you have a lot of interest in this area. So why wait? Join fast! Thanks, and happy editing! {{smiley}} {{{sig|}}}
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[[Category:WikiProject Indian Premier League]][[Category:WikiProject invitation templates|Indian Premier League]]
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