Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of Indian Bengali films of 1993

2026-05-08T10:24:42Z

NoeMacmillan574: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films of the 1990s]]{{Redirect category shell|{{R from merge}}{{R from history}}}}

Kiev-class aircraft carrier

2026-05-05T17:54:29Z

NoeMacmillan574:

{{Short description|Class of aircraft carriers built for Soviet navy}}{{italic title|string=Kiev}}{{About|the ''Kiev''-class aircraft carriers|the lead ship of the class|Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev|other classes of ships|Kiev class (disambiguation){{!}}Kiev class|other ships|Kiev (ship)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=Novorossijsk Kiev-class 1986.jpg
|image_caption=''Novorossiysk'' in 1986
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
|name=''Kiev'' class
|builders=[[Black Sea Shipyard|Chernomorsky Shipyard 444]]
|operators=*{{navy|Soviet Union}}
* {{navy|Russia|1992}}
* {{navy|India}}
|class_before= {{sclass|Moskva|helicopter carrier|4}}
|class_after=*{{sclass|Kuznetsov|aircraft carrier|4}} (Russian Navy)
*{{sclass|Vikrant|aircraft carrier|4}} (Indian Navy)
|subclasses= [[INS Vikramaditya|''Baku'' class]]
|cost=
|built_range=1970–1987
|in_service_range=*1975–1996
*2013–present
|in_commission_range=
|total_ships_building=
|total_ships_planned=
|total_ships_completed=4
|total_ships_canceled=
|total_ships_active=1
|total_ships_laid_up=
|total_ships_lost=
|total_ships_retired=
|total_ships_preserved=2
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class=
|type= [[Aircraft cruiser]]/[[Aircraft carrier]]
|displacement=42,000–45,000 tons full load
|length={{cvt|273|m|ftin}}
|beam=*{{cvt|53|m|ftin}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
* {{cvt|31|m|ftin}} [[Length at the waterline|w/l]]
|height=
|draught={{cvt|10|m|ftin}}
|power=
|propulsion=8 turbopressurized boilers, 4 steam turbines ({{cvt|200,000|shp|lk=in}}), four shafts
|speed={{convert|32|kn}}
|range=
|endurance=
|complement=1,200 to 1,600
|sensors=
*MR-600 'Voskhod' air-search radar
*MR-710 'Fregat' air/surface radar
*Privod-SV radiolocation system
*MG-342 Orion active bow sonar
*MGK-355 Platina passive sonar system
|EW=
*MRP-150 Gurzuf A
*MRP-152 Gurzuf B
|armament=*''See article for variations''
* 80 to 200 [[surface-to-air missile]]s
* 2 [[dual-purpose gun]]s
* 8 [[close-in weapons system]]s
* 10 [[torpedo tube]]s
|armour=
|armor=
|aircraft=*Up to 30, including:
* 12 × [[Yak-38]] aircraft
* 16 × Ka-25 or Ka-27 helicopters
|aircraft_facilities=Abbreviated angled aft [[flight deck]]
|notes=
}}
}}

The '''''Kiev'' class''', Soviet designation '''Project 1143 ''Krechyet''''' ([[gyrfalcon]]), was the first class of [[fixed-wing aircraft|fixed-wing]] [[aircraft carrier]]s (heavy [[aircraft cruiser|aviation cruiser]] in Soviet classification) built in the [[Soviet Union]] for the [[Soviet Navy]].<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Jordan | first1 = John | date = 1992-04-01 | title = Soviet Warships, 1945 to the Present | language = en-us | publisher = [[Lionel Leventhal#Arms and Armour Press|Arms and Armour Press]] | isbn = 978-1854091178 | lccn = 93107387 | oclc = 473749103 | ol = OL22267847M}}</ref> In addition to its aviation capabilities, the ''Kiev''-class incorporated a large armament of anti-ship cruise missiles, surface to air missile systems, and sonar equipment, making it an aircraft cruiser.<ref name=Babich /><ref name=Gardiner />

The Soviet Union built and commissioned a total of four ''Kiev''-class carriers, which served in the Soviet then [[Russian Navy|Russian]] navies between 1975 and 1996. {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Kiev||2}} and {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Minsk||2}} were sold to China as [[museum ship]]s, while {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Novorossiysk||2}} was [[Ship breaking|scrapped]].<ref name=Gardiner /> The fourth ship, {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Baku||2}}, was sold to the [[Indian Navy]] as ''Admiral Gorshkov'' in 2004, and after years of extensive modifications and refurbishment, is in active service as the {{INS|Vikramaditya}}.<ref>{{cite news | last1 = Gokhale | first1 = Nitin A. | date = 2014-06-14 | title = All you wanted to know about INS Vikramaditya | url = https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-all-you-wanted-to-know-about-ins-vikramaditya/20140614.htm | url-status = live | work = [[Rediff.com|Rediff News]] | language = en-IN | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210226192605/https://www.rediff.com/news/slide-show/slide-show-1-all-you-wanted-to-know-about-ins-vikramaditya/20140614.htm | archive-date = 2021-02-26 | access-date = 2021-12-10 | quote = It was at this juncture that Russia offered Admiral Gorshkov to the Indian Navy. Negotiations over acquiring the 44,500-ton ''Admiral Gorshkov'' started in 1994. Various high-level delegations who had assessed the ship had independently concluded that the ship’s hull was in good material state and would be worth considering for exploitation in the Indian Navy with a suitable mix of aircraft.}}</ref>

==Development==
The ''Kiev''-class carriers were designed as a follow-on to the [[Moskva-class helicopter carrier|Moskva class]] (Project 1123 Kondor) ASW carriers. Initially, 3 carriers had been ordered by the Soviet Navy, (with Kiev being the third), however successful flight demonstrations by the [[Yak-36]] VTOL aircraft created a shift in policy within the navy.<ref name=Yefim /><ref name=Babich /> A delay between the completion of the Project 1123 carrier {{ship|Soviet helicopter carrier|Leningrad||2}}, and the planned Project 1123.3 ''Kiev'' led Commander in Chief of the Navy [[Sergei Gorshkov]] to suggest a redesign of the ''Kiev''. This new design was designated Project 1143, and was built around a large angled flight deck for the operation of [[Yak-38]] VTOL aircraft.<ref name=Babich /> Additional systems were included, such as a heavy anti ship armament, expanded SAM systems, and improved electronics. The final design was designated the Project 1143 ''Krechyet'', with the first ship being the ''Kiev''.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

==Design==
Unlike most [[NATO]] aircraft carriers, the ''Kiev'' class was a combination of both a [[cruiser]] and an aircraft carrier.<ref name=Gardiner /><ref name=Moore /> The ships were designed with a large [[superstructure|island superstructure]] to starboard, with an [[Flight deck|angled flight-deck]] two-thirds of the length of the total deck; the foredeck was taken up with heavy [[Surface-to-air missile|surface-to-air]] and [[surface-to-surface missile]] armament. The intended mission of the ''Kiev'' class was support for [[ballistic missile submarine]]s, other surface ships, and naval aviation; it was capable of engaging in [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft]], [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]], and [[surface warfare]].<ref name=Gardiner /> In the Soviet Navy, this class of ships was specifically designated as a "heavy [[aircraft cruiser|aviation cruiser]]" ({{langx|ru|Тяжелые авианесущие крейсера}}, TAKR) rather than solely as an aircraft carrier.<ref name=Gardiner /> As a result, they were permitted to transit the [[Turkish Straits]]; the 1936 [[Montreux Convention]] only prohibited aircraft carriers heavier than 15,000 tons from passing through.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

===Armament===

The main antiship armament of the ''Kiev''-class consisted of a large [[P-500 Bazalt]] (SS-N-12 Sandbox) complex mounted on the foredeck. The P-500 was a large supersonic sea skimming cruise missile with the ability to navigate towards a target at high altitudes.<ref name=Babich /> The missile's range of up to {{convert|550|km}}<ref name=Babich /> gave the Kiev a significant antiship capability, far beyond that of its aircraft complement. This system included 8 launchers mounted on the foredeck, and associated guidance equipment. The Kiev and Minsk had a large storage bunker and crane for carrying 8 additional missiles, although this bunker was omitted on the Novorossiysk.<ref name=Babich /> The Baku equipped 12 launchers on the foredeck, and had no reloads.<ref name=Babich />

[[File:SS-N-12 missile launch tubes on the Kiev (1976).JPEG|thumb|upright=1|left|P-500 Bazalt launch tubes on the foredeck of the {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Kiev||2}}. M-11 and Osa-M launchers (small disk) are also visible.]]

The ''Kiev''-class had a large air defence system similar to contemporary Soviet cruisers. This consisted of two [[M-11 Shtorm]] launchers to the fore and aft of the superstructure, which were used for long-range, high-altitude air defence. Two [[9K33 Osa#Variants|4K33 Osa-M]] launchers intended for short-range, low-level air defence were mounted to the fore of the flight deck, and aft of the tower. The Baku omit both systems in favour of four [[Tor missile system#3K95 Kinzhal (naval variant)|3K95 Kinzhal]] (SA-N-9 Tor) complexes.<ref name=Babich />

Artillery consisted of two AK-726 dual-purpose cannons, mounted on the bow and the aft superstructure. Eight AK-630 rotary cannons were mounted in pairs on corners of the ship, and acted in a CIWS role.<ref name=Babich /><ref name=Gardiner />

The Kiev was equipped with limited antisubmarine warfare systems. These consisted of an RPK-1 Vikhr nuclear depth charge launcher at the bow of the ship, and two RBU-6000 antisubmarine rocket launchers at the very end of the bow.<ref name=Babich /><ref name=Gardiner />

===Variants and modifications===
The class was divided into several subtypes; ''Kiev'' and ''Minsk'' were both of the Project 1143 type, while the ''Novorossiysk'' included several modifications, and was designated Project 11433. ''Baku'' was subject to extensive design changes, and was designated as Project 11434.<ref name=Babich />

The ''Minsk'' and ''Kiev'' were modified between 1982 and 1983 with the addition of aerodynamic devices. Wind tunnel tests by [[TSAGI]] had determined that the addition of aerodynamic fences and a smooth fairing to the leading edge of the flight deck would improve airflow, allowing for safer [[STOL]] takeoff performance by aircraft.<ref name=Babich /><ref name=Yefim /> These changes were added to the ''Novorossiysk'' shortly after its commissioning.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Variations to the ''Novorossiysk'' included the removal of Osa-M missile systems, and the removal of the storage bunker for missile reloads. The length of the reload process would likely be extensive enough to be unused in combat, and was difficult to perform while underway, leading to its removal.<ref name=Babich />

[[File:SS-N-12 missile launchers.JPEG|thumb|upright=1.2|right|P-500 Bazalt launch tubes on the foredeck of the {{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Baku||2}}. 3K95 Khinzal launchers (disks to front) and AK-100 guns are visible.]]
The Baku was extensively redesigned, with a shortened island superstructure, expanded flight deck space, and enlarged elevators, in order to better accommodate the Yak-41.<ref name=Babich /> The M-11 Shtorm and Osa-M systems were also removed, and replaced with four 3K95 Kinzhal systems. The AK-726 cannons were also removed and replaced with two AK-100 cannons on the bow, allowing for the superstructure to be shortened. The increase in deck space from the removal of the AK-726, M-11 launchers, and RPK-1 launcher allowed for the cruise missile armament to be expanded to 12 missiles.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== General characteristics ==
{{Prose|section|date=October 2025}}
* Designer: Nevskoye Planning and Design Bureau
* Builder: Nikolayev South (formerly Chernomorsky Shipyard 444) <ref name=Gardiner /><ref name=Moore />
* Power plant: eight turbopressurized boilers, four [[steam turbine]]s (200,000 shp), four shafts
* Length: {{convert|273|m|abbr=on}} overall [{{convert|283|m|abbr=on}} for ''Baku'' subgroup]
* Flight deck width: {{convert|53|m|abbr=on}}
* Beam: {{convert|32.6|m|abbr=on}}
* Displacement: 43,000–45,500 metric tons full load
* Speed: {{convert|32|kn}}
* Aircraft: 26–30
** 12–13 [[Yak-38]] VSTOL
** 14–17 [[Ka-25]] or [[Ka-27]]/29 helicopters
* Crew: 1,200–1,600 (including air wing)
* Armament:
** ''[[Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev|Kiev]]'' and ''[[Soviet aircraft carrier Minsk|Minsk]]'':
*** 4 × twin [[P-500 Bazalt]] [[Surface-to-surface missile|SSM]] launchers (8 missiles)
*** 2 × twin [[M-11 Shtorm]] [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]] launchers (72 missiles)
*** 2 × twin [[9K33 Osa]] launchers (40 missiles)
*** 2 × AK-726 twin 76.2 mm AA guns
*** 8 × [[AK-630]] 30 mm [[close-in weapon system]] (CIWS)
*** 10 × 21" torpedo tubes
*** 1 × twin [[SUW-N-1|SUW-N-1 FRAS Anti-Submarine Rocket launcher]]
** ''[[Soviet aircraft carrier Novorossiysk|Novorossiysk]]'':
*** 4 × twin [[P-500 Bazalt]] SSM launchers (8 missiles)
*** 2 × twin [[M-11 Shtorm]] SAM launchers (72 missiles)
*** 2 × AK-726 twin 76.2 mm AA guns
*** 8 × AK-630 30 mm CIWS
*** 1 × twin [[SUW-N-1|SUW-N-1 FRAS antisubmarine rocket launcher]]
** ''[[Soviet aircraft carrier Baku|Baku]]'':
*** 6 × twin [[P-500 Bazalt]] SSM launchers (12 missiles)
*** 24 × 8-cell [[9K330 Tor]] vertical SAM launchers (192 missiles)
*** 2 × 100 mm guns
*** 8 × AK-630 30 mm CIWS
*** 10 × 21" torpedo tubes
*** 2 × RBU-12000 antisubmarine rocket launchers
* Date deployed: <ref name=Gardiner />
** 1975 (''Kiev'')
** 1978 (''Minsk'')
** 1982 (''Novorossiysk'')
** 1987 (''Baku'')

== Ships ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Name
! Project No.
! Namesake
! Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Commissioned
! Fate
|-
|{{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Kiev|4=2}}
|1143
|[[Kyiv|City of Kiev]], Ukrainian SSR
|rowspan=3|[[Black Sea Shipyard|Soviet Shipyard No. 444]], [[Mykolaiv|Nikolayev]], Ukrainian SSR
|21 July 1970
|26 December 1972
|28 December 1975
|Sold to a Chinese company in 1996, converted into a theme park in [[Tianjin]] since 2004. Further renovated and developed into a luxury hotel since 2014.
|-
|{{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Minsk|4=2}}
|1143
|[[Minsk|City of Minsk]], Byelorussian SSR
|28 December 1972
|30 September 1975
|27 September 1978
|Sold to China as a museum, placed in naval museum in [[Jiangsu]] since 2016. Caught fire on 16 August 2024 future uncertain.
|-
|{{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Novorossiysk|4=2}}
|11433/1143M
|[[Novorossiysk|City of Novorossiysk]], Russian SFSR
|30 September 1975
|26 December 1978
|14 September 1982
|Broken up at [[Pohang]], South Korea, in 1997
|-
!colspan=8|''Baku'' subclass
|-
|{{ship|Soviet aircraft carrier|Admiral Gorshkov|4=2}} (ex-''Baku'')
|11434
|[[Sergey Gorshkov|Sergey Georgiyevich Gorshkov]]
|[[Black Sea Shipyard|Soviet Shipyard No. 444]], [[Mykolaiv|Nikolayev]], Ukrainian SSR
|17 February 1978
|1 April 1982
|11 December 1987
|Sold to India in 2004, in service as {{INS|Vikramaditya|3=6}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Flight deck cruiser]]
* [[List of ships of the Soviet Navy]]
* [[List of aircraft carriers of Russia and the Soviet Union]]
* [[List of ships of Russia by project number]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Moore>{{cite book |editor-last= Moore|editor-first= John |title= Jane's Fighting Ships 1984–1985|year= 1984|publisher= Jane's|location=London|isbn= 0710607954|page=517}}</ref>

<ref name=Gardiner>{{cite book |editor-last= Gardiner|editor-first= Robert |title= Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|year= 1995|publisher= Conway Maritime|location=London|isbn= 1557501327|page=374-375}}</ref>

<ref name=Yefim>{{cite book |last= Gordon|first= Yefim|title= Yakovlev Yak-36, Yak-38 & Yak-41: The Soviet 'Jump Jets'|year= 2008|publisher= Midland Publishing|isbn= 9781857802870}}</ref>

<ref name=Babich>{{cite book |last=Babich |first=Valery |date=2003 |title=Наши авианосцы на стапелях и в дальних походах. |trans-title=Our Aircraft Carriers: On the slipways and on long voyages.|language=ru |location=Nikolaev |publisher=Атолл |isbn=966-7726-69-X }}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Kiev class aircraft carriers}}
* [http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=100000 Article on the Kiev Class] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428043951/http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=100000 |date=2009-04-28 }} {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/1143.htm Article in English from FAS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102144952/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/1143.htm |date=2010-01-02 }}
* [http://wunderwaffe.narod.ru/Magazine/MK/2003_07/ History of the Kiev] {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://worldweapon.ru/flot/1143.1.php Project 1143 ''Kiev''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104053903/http://worldweapon.ru/flot/1143.1.php |date=2009-01-04 }} {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/russia/aircraft_carriers/kiev_class_overview.htm MaritimeQuest Kiev Class Overview]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000229135456/http://www.webcom.com/~amraam/rcar.html History of soviet aircraft carrier development]
* [http://russianships.info/eng/warships/project_1143.htm Project 1143 Kiev]
* [http://russianships.info/eng/warships/project_11434.htm Project 11434 Baku/Admiral Gorshkov]

{{Kiev class aircraft carrier}}
{{Soviet and Russian ships after 1945}}
{{Aircraft carrier classes in service}}

[[Category:Aircraft cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Kiev-class aircraft carriers| ]]
[[Category:Cold War aircraft carriers of the Soviet Union|Kiev class aircraft carrier]]
[[Category:Ship classes of the Russian Navy]]
[[Category:Steam turbine-powered ships]]

Elampillai

2026-04-25T22:36:42Z

NoeMacmillan574: Adding New Post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Elampillai
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Ilampillai
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Panchayat town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.606|N|78.007|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Salem South]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.76
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 11797
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Elampillai''' or '''Ilampillai''' is a [[panchayat town]] in [[Salem taluk|Salem South taluk]] of [[Salem district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the 31 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of {{cvt|2.76|km2}}, it had a population of 11,796 individuals as per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]].

== Geography and administration ==
Elampillai is located in [[Salem taluk|Salem South taluk]] of [[Salem district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="TP">{{cite web|url=https://www.townpanchayat.in/Elampillai|title=Elampillai|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cra.tn.gov.in/tn_gvillages.pdf|title=Villages of Tamil Nadu|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2025|archive-date=12 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112222132/https://www.cra.tn.gov.in/tn_gvillages.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spread across an area of {{cvt|2.76|km2}},<ref name="Pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/tamilnadu/salem/3340829000__ilampillai/|title=Elampillai|work=Citypopulation.de|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> it is located at the foothills of Kanchamalai hills.<ref name="TP"/> It is one of the 31 [[panchayat town]]s in the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/townpanchayats.pdf|title=Town panchayats in Tamil Nadu|work=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The region has a [[tropical climate]] with hot summers and mild winters. The highest temperatures are recorded in April and May, with lowest recordings in December-January.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/109386/Average-Weather-in-Ilampillai-Tamil-Nadu-India-Year-Round|title=Climate|work=Weather spark|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

The town panchayat is divided into 15 wards.<ref name="TP"/> It is headed by a chairperson, who is elected by the members, who are chosen through direct elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/local-government.php|title=Local Government|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 January 2023|page=1|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004071216/https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/local-government.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The town forms part of the [[Veerapandi Assembly constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] and the [[Salem Lok Sabha constituency]] that elects its member to the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/web/pslist/english/Salam_eng.pdf|title=Polling stations in Salem district|work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]], Elampillai had a population of 11,796 individuals across 3,057 households.<ref name="Census">{{cite report|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/api/tables/data/2011/PC11_PCA-TV/255?_source=dt&labels=indicator&state=33&district=608&subdistrict=5740&town_village=803464&geo_level=4&format=csv|title=Geo level data: Census of India 2011|access-date=1 June 2025|publisher=[[Census Commission of India]]}}</ref> The population saw a marginal increase compared to the previous census in [[2001 Census of India|2001]] when 10,615 inhabitants were registered. The population consisted of 3,547 males and 3,674 females.<ref name="Pop"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 June 2008|publisher=[[Census Commission of India]]}}</ref> About 1,126 individuals were below the age of six years.<ref name="Census"/> About 3.2% of the population belonged to [[scheduled castes]] and 1.6% belonged to [[scheduled tribes]]. The entire population is classified as urban. The town has an average literacy rate of 84%.<ref name="Pop"/><ref name="Census"/>

About 47.7% of the eligible population were employed, of which majority were involved in [[agriculture]] and allied activities.<ref name="Pop"/><ref name="Census"/> [[Hinduism]] was the majority religion which was followed by 96.4% of the population, with [[Islam]] (3.2%) and [[Christianity]] (0.4%) being minor religions.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11392/download/14505/DDW33C-01%20MDDS.XLS|title=Religion: Census of India 2011|access-date=1 June 2025|publisher=[[Census Commission of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Salem district]]

R. Lalzirliana

2026-04-25T17:45:52Z

NoeMacmillan574: New new stub w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = R Lalzirliana
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| assembly = Mizoram Legislative
| constituency_AM = [[Tawi (Legislative Assembly constituency)|Tawi]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Prof. Lalnilawma]]
| assembly1 =
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| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
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| pronunciation =
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|08|03|df=y}}
| birth_place =
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| party = [[Mizo National Front]]
| other_party =
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| children = 4
| mother =
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'''R Lalzirliana''' is a [[Mizo National Front]] politician from [[Mizoram]]. He was the minister for power and electricity,<ref>{{cite web |title=22 villages in Mizoram yet to get power supply: Minister |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/mizoram/22-villages-in-mizoram-yet-to-get-power-supply-minister.html |website=nenow |accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref> art and culture, land resources, soil and water conservation and district council affairs departments of [[Mizoram]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Portfolios allotted to new Mizoram ministers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/portfolios-allotted-to-new-mizoram-ministers-118121500479_1.html |website=business standard |accessdate=24 June 2020}}</ref>

==Career==
He was involved in the [[Young Mizo Association]] from 1983 to 1985 before he entered politics. He started contesting MLA elections under the Congress party in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2013, and also served as Vice President of [[Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite web |title=R Lalzirliana |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/r-lalzirliana-13823.html |website=one india |accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref> He was Home Minister<ref>{{cite web |title=Congress faces tough challenge in Mizoram Assembly polls |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/congress-faces-tough-challenge-in-mizoram-assembly-polls/1340601/ |website=Financial express |accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref> under the Congress Government under [[Lalthanhawla]] from 2008, until he switched sides and moved on to the [[Mizo National Front]] government led by [[Zoramthanga]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mizoram home minister R Lalzirliana resigns days after show cause notice by Congress |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mizoram-home-minister-r-lalzirliana-resigns-days-after-show-cause-notice-by-congress/story-Mrscr2f7tYKLSsmF2RLogJ.html |website=thehindustantimes |accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref> He contested the 2018 elections under the MNF ticket in the Tawi constituency.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Mizo fight: The three simple factors that can decide how the state fares |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/mizoram-assembly-elections/the-mizo-fight-the-three-simple-factors-that-can-decide-how-the-state-fares/articleshow/66831528.cms |website=Economic times |accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref> He lost to [[Vanlalhlana]] of [[Zoram People's Movement]] in the 2023 Assembly Election in the Aizawl North-I assembly constituency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aizawl North-I assembly constituency election results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aizawl-north-i-assembly-constituency-election-results-2023-vanlalhlana-of-zoram-peoples-movement-defeats-mnfs-r-lalzirliana-and-congresss-lalnunmawia-chuaungo/articleshow/105725903.cms?from=mdr |website=timesofindia.com |access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married T. Lalthangmawii, and they have two sons and two daughters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zira Profile |url=http://mizoram.nic.in/gov/mla/mla17.htm |website=Mizoram nic |accessdate=25 June 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalzirliana, R}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Aizawl]]
[[Category:Mizo National Front politicians]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]

Dhaam Dhoom

2026-04-22T16:38:40Z

NoeMacmillan574: Adding Post...

{{Short description|2008 Indian film by Jeeva}}
{{Distinguish|Dhoom Dhaam (disambiguation){{!}}Dhoom Dhaam}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhaam Dhoom
| image = Dhaam Dhoom.jpg
| director = [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]] G. K. Manikandan Anees Tanveer ({{abbr|unc.|uncredited}}) [[P. C. Sreeram]] ({{abbr|unc.|uncredited}})
| producer = [[Sunanda Murali Manohar|Dr. Murali Manohar]] [[Sunanda Murali Manohar]] Jayakumar
| screenplay = Jeeva S. Ramakrishnan
| story = [[Robert King (writer)|Robert King]] Jeeva
| writer = [[S. Ramakrishnan]] (dialogue)
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Red Corner]]''|[[Jon Avnet]] [[Robert King (writer)|Robert King]]}}
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Ravi Mohan]]|[[Jayaram]]|[[Kangana Ranaut]]|[[Lakshmi Rai]]}}
| cinematography = Jeeva B. Rajasekar P. C. Sreeram ({{abbr|unc.|uncredited}})
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| distributor = [[Ayngaran International]]
| studio = Mediaone Global Entertainment Metro Films Pvt.Ltd
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2008|8|29}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}

'''''Dhaam Dhoom''''' is a 2008 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] based on the 1997 American film ''[[Red Corner]]''.<ref name="ie" /> Written, filmed and directed by [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]] shortly before his death and produced by [[Sunanda Murali Manohar]], it stars [[Ravi Mohan]] (credited as Jayam Ravi), [[Jayaram]], [[Kangana Ranaut]] and [[Lakshmi Rai]]. The film marked Ranaut's debut in the Tamil film industry.

The film revolves around an Indian [[Physician|doctor]] who, two weeks prior to his wedding, goes to Russia for a conference pertaining to his occupation. While in Russia, he struggles to cope with the language because of the Russian reluctance to speak English, and eventually, due to the gruesome murder of a local woman, he gets imprisoned. How the doctor manages to get himself out of jail with the help of an Indian female lawyer, forms the crux of the story.

''Dhaam Dhoom'' was released worldwide, after a long delay, on 29 August 2008. It was the posthumous film that cinematographer Jeeva undertook before his death which occurred halfway through the production.<ref name="kdesfd">{{cite news | author=S.R. Ashok Kumar | title=Jeeva's Dhaam Dhoom ready for release | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/17/stories/2008041759280200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421024807/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/17/stories/2008041759280200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=21 April 2008 | date=17 April 2008 | access-date=6 July 2007}}</ref> The film, released as a tribute to Jeeva, was completed by his assistant G. K. Manikandan, and his wife Anees, and was overseen by cinematographer [[P. C. Sriram]].

==Plot==
Gautham Subramaniam ([[Ravi Mohan]]) is a doctor from an Indian family who lives in [[Chennai]]. Since his father ([[Nizhagal Ravi]]) and mother ([[Janaki Sabesh]]) are doctors, he wanted to become a doctor. Gautham gets an opportunity from the [[Government of India]] to go to [[Russia]] to represent India in a week long medical conference, along with five other young doctors. Gautham is delighted to receive this offer and packs his bags to fly to Russia. Meanwhile, his beloved is introduced on the frame, which happens to be Shenba ([[Kangana Ranaut]]). She happens to be from the same village in which Gautham's sister Sarasu ([[Anu Haasan]]) resides with her husband ([[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]]). So, the two meet and fall in love but keep it a secret. However, Sarasu's husband finds their love when he sees Gautham pinching Shenba's waist so hard that she screams. Despite initial frictions between her father ([[Pithamagan Mahadevan|Mahadevan]]) and uncle ([[Bose Venkat]]) with Gautham, they eventually agree to get the pair married. Gautham's parents agree to the marriage, and as a happy man, Gautham is ready to marry Shenba after his return to India from his Russia trip.

Finally, the journey to Russia happens. Gautham reaches [[Moscow]] and completes his immigration procedures. Incidentally, Gautham meets Anna ([[Maria Kozhevnikova]]), and unknowingly, Anna drops her jacket, which is seen by Gautham. He has no time to return the jacket and exits from the Moscow airport accompanied by his medical team. Gautham is flabbergasted by the roads and buildings of the city and is surprised to see the city of Moscow from his hotel view. Gautham learns that the only hiccup with Russians is that the people are ignorant about the [[English language]] and the whole conversation with them must be made in Russian.

Soon after, Gautham discovers Anna and takes the prospect to return her coat. get together well and part ways. Meanwhile, Gautham's medical conference takes place successfully, and in order to celebrate its success, the whole team heads to a nightclub. Gautham bumps into Anna in the nightclub, and the two have an enjoyable time in the club. Anna, due to heavy consumption of liquor, intoxicates, and Gautham has no other choice but to accompany her to her room. When the two reach Anna's apartment, they settle down and sleep. Gautham is brutally dragged onto the floor by a Russian police officer the next morning, and the reason is that Anna is murdered on her sofa.

Consequently, Gautham's situation changes; he gets abused, accused, and imprisoned by the Russian police. The language, people, and surroundings are totally new and confusing to him. Fortunately, Aarthi Chinnappa ([[Lakshmi Rai]]) is appointed as a defendant lawyer to Gautham. The Indian consulate sends Raghavan Nambiar ([[Jayaram]]) to Gautham's rescue. When Gautham tries to run away from the Russian police, he gets drowned in a lake, and Aarthi finds him at the shore. Aarthi kisses Gautham to rescue him, and she realises that she has fallen in love with Gautham, but she suppresses her feelings when she learns about Shenba. Gautham escapes from the police and is running around [[St. Petersburg]] with Aarthi, trying to figure out who murdered Anna and why he was caught up in the scandal. Whilst fleeing from the police, Gautham gets shot by the [[organized crime|mob]] and manages to escape narrowly. After taking care of his wounds, Aarthi and Gautham decide to seek down those who misled them. The eventual villainous figure is revealed to be Raghavan.

Before a shoot out, Raghavan reveals that Anna was a [[drug trafficking|drug trafficker]] from Chennai to Russia, and by dropping her coat, consisting of drugs, off at the airport, she manages to evade being caught. Soon after, Anna had changed her ways and was ready to tell the police about Raghavan's drug dealing, but before that happened, Raghavan, along with the mob, had her killed off. In the final scene, Raghavan is killed by the police, and Gautham is set free to reunite with Shenba for their wedding.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ravi Mohan]] as Dr. Gautham Subramaniam
* [[Jayaram]] as Raghavan Nambiar
* [[Kangana Ranaut]] as Shenba
* [[Lakshmi Rai]] as Aarthi Chinappa
* [[Maria Kozhevnikova]] as Anna
* [[Nizhagal Ravi]] as Dr. Subramaniam, Gautham's father
* [[Mahadevan (actor)|''Pithamagan'' Mahadevan]] as Shenba's father
* [[Bose Venkat]] as Shenba's uncle
* [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] as Sarasu's husband
* [[Srinath (Tamil actor)|Srinath]] as Chinnavar (Chinnathu)
* [[Anu Hasan]] as Sarasu, Gautham's sister
* [[Janaki Sabesh]] as Gautham's mother
* [[Vatsala Rajagopal|Vatsala]] as Gautham's grandmother
* [[Theni Kunjarammal]] as a villager
* Kadhal Arun Kumar as a villager
* [[Sai Pallavi]] as Shenba's relative (uncredited role)
}}

== Production ==

===Casting===
The film was launched initially with [[Jayam Ravi]] paired opposite [[Genelia D'Souza]], however she opted out of the project due to fully booked dates for her [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film, ''[[Dhee (film)|Dhee]]''. After Genelia's removal from the project other leading actresses such as [[Asin]] and [[Mamta Mohandas]] were approached for a key role in the film, but they also rejected the offer, citing commitments to other projects.<ref name="rremram">{{cite web|title=Jayam Ravi starts with Dhaam Dhoom| work=Indiaglitz.com|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/28408.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114121353/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/28408.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2007|access-date=29 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="dhaamdhoom">{{cite web| title=Kangana Ranaut in Tamil!| work=[[Sify]].com| url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14392361| access-date=19 February 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930220928/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14392361| archive-date=30 September 2007| url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Reema Sen]] was chosen for a significant role in the film; however, 14 days after her confirmation, she pulled out of the project, citing differences with the director, [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]]. The role offered to Reema Sen, that of a lawyer, had no songs and was the second heroine role. Reema Sen confirmed later to ''[[Kumudam]]'' magazine that she did not want to play the second lead in the film, and opted out of the project.<ref name="rremam">{{cite web|title=Reema Sen opts out of Dhaam Dhoom| work=Indiaglitz.com|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/28896.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202152131/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/28896.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2007|access-date=29 August 2008}}</ref> On 19 February 2007, the producers confirmed the choice of [[Lakshmi Rai]] to essay the role dropped by Reema Sen. The project was also [[Lakshmi Rai]]'s biggest film of her career till then, despite being the second female lead in the project. [[Jayaram]] was later selected to portray the villain in the film, appearing in such a role for the first time in his career.<ref name="Jeyram">{{cite web| title=Jeyram as a villain| work=Behindwoods.com|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/july-08-02/jeyaram-11-07-08.html |access-date=16 July 2008}}</ref>

The story is heavily inspired by the Hollywood film ''[[Red Corner]]'' (1997).<ref name="ie">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/happy-birthday-jayam-ravi-heres-a-look-at-five-unforgettable-roles-of-the-star-4836885/|title=Happy Birthday Jayam Ravi: Here's a look at five unforgettable roles of the star|date=10 September 2017}}</ref> As per Jeeva's previous films, Jeeva himself took charge of the cinematography, though, after his death, [[P. C. Sriram]] took charge. Although Jeeva had been reworking his final draft during filming, [[S. Ramakrishnan]] was brought in after his death to find a way to connect the climax with the previous draft to the final one; the two would not come together properly, otherwise.

===Filming===
The film started in January 2007 in India, with the initial shoot taking place in [[Chennai]], consisting of [[Jayam Ravi]] surrounded by duplicate snow.<ref name="dhoolm">{{cite web| title=50% in Russia| work=Behindwoods.com|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/dec-06-03/22-12-06-jayam-ravi.html |access-date=22 December 2006}}</ref> The first schedule was shot in February 2007, in and around [[Pollachi]], featuring the countryside backdrop, with scenes involving actors Jayam Ravi and [[Kangana Ranaut]], among others.<ref name="rremram" /> The film's crew originally had problems maintaining a visa to film in [[St. Petersburg]], Russia, and decided to relocate the scenes to [[Prague]] in the [[Czech Republic]]; however, they eventually obtained visas to shoot in Russia. While shooting their schedule in Russia, on 26 June 2007, director Jeeva died after suffering [[cardiac arrest]]. The film was suspended indefinitely following the director's demise.

In early July 2007, it was announced that [[P. C. Sriram]] would complete the project with Jeeva's widow Anees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PC to complete `Dhaam Dhoom` |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14489208 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712174455/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14489208 |archive-date=2007-07-12 |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Finally, Anees announced that the film would be completed by her and Jeeva's assistant G.K. Manikandan, whilst Sriram would overlook their efforts. Eventually, the team returned to Russia and canned the remaining scenes within 40 days.<ref name="kdesfd"/>

==Soundtrack==
The film has six songs composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]] with the lyrics primarily penned by [[Na. Muthukumar]] and [[Pa. Vijay]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Dhaam Dhoom Track List| work=Raaga.com|url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=t0001361|access-date=29 September 2012}}</ref> The audio of the film released worldwide on 19 March 2008, five months prior to the release. The soundtrack received praise from music critics, with Indiaglitz.com labelling the album as "delightful".<ref>{{cite web| title=Dhaam Dhoom Music Review| work=Indiaglitz.com|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8958.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106034523/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8958.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 January 2007|access-date=29 August 2008}}</ref> Behindwoods gave the soundtrack 4 out 5 and mentioned that, "Clearly a master craftsman is at work here. A nice sophistication prevails through the whole album. No sound hurts your ears. If the film wins good reviews, the songs may play a big part in it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-music-reviews/review-1/dhaam-dhoom-music-review.html|title=DHAAM DHOOM MUSIC REVIEW - Behindwoods JEYAM RAVI KANGANA RANAUT JEEVA ANEEZ AYNGARAN INTERNATIONAL HARRIS JAYARAJ Benny Dayal P. Vijay N. Muthukumar image gallery|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Dhaam Dhoom
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 19 March 2008
| recorded = 2008
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 27:06
| label = Ayngaran Music An Ak Audio
|language =[[Tamil (language)|Tamil]]
| producer = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| prev_title = [[Sathyam (2008 film)|Sathyam]]
| prev_year = 2008
| next_title = [[Vaaranam Aayiram]]
| next_year = 2008
}}
{{track listing|
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|headline = Track-List<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhaam Dhoom |url=https://mio.to/album/Dham+Dhoom+%282008%29 |access-date=4 November 2018 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928225901/http://mio.to/album/Dham+Dhoom+(2008) |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|total_length=27:06
|title1=Thikku Thikku|extra1=[[Benny Dayal]], [[Sayanora Philip]]| lyrics1 = [[Pa. Vijay]]|length1= 5:25 |note1=A song picturized in the nightclubs of [[St. Petersburg]] with [[Ravi Mohan]] and Russian bar dancers.
|title2=Yaaro Manathile|extra2=[[Bombay Jayashree]], [[Krish (singer)|Krish]]| lyrics2 = Pa. Vijay|length2=5:09 |note2=A montage featuring Ravi Mohan, [[Lakshmi Rai]] and [[Kangana Ranaut]]'s struggles to be with their loved ones.
|title3=Anbe En Anbe|extra3=[[Harish Raghavendra]]| lyrics3 = [[Na. Muthukumar]] |length3=4:49 |note3=A romantic interlude featuring Ravi Mohan and Kangana Ranaut. Picturized in [[Coorg]].
|title4=Pudhu Pudhu|extra4=Benny Dayal, [[Suchitra]], Mizta G (Guna) | lyrics4 = Pa. Vijay|length4=4:22 |note4=Introduction song for Ravi Mohan. Shot in [[Chennai]].
|title5=Uyyaalalo Uyyaalalo|extra5=[[Kailash Kher]], [[Sujatha (singer)|Sujatha]]| lyrics5 =Pa. Vijay|length5=4:42 |note5=Only a part of the soundtrack. Reused from ''[[Munna (2007 film)|Munna]]''.
|title6=Azhiyilae|extra6=[[Haricharan]]| lyrics6 =Na. Muthukumar|length6=2:39 |note6=A romantic song picturized in a car on Ravi Mohan and Kangana Ranaut.
}}

{{Infobox album
| name = Rakshakudu
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2011
| recorded = 2008
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 22:04
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
|language =[[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]
| producer = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
}}
{{track listing|
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|headline = Telugu Track-List<ref>{{cite web |title=Rakshakudu - All Songs - Download or Listen Free - Saavn |url=https://www.saavn.com/album/rakshakudu/XVWKS6B0uNU_ |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>
|total_length=22:04
|title1=Sala Sala Kaaguthundi|extra1=[[Benny Dayal]], [[Sayanora Philip]], Rakhi, Praveen| lyrics1 = [[Vennelakanti]]|length1= 5:21 |note1=A song picturized in the nightclubs of [[St. Petersburg]] with [[Ravi Mohan]] and Russian bar dancers.
|title2=Yedo Chelimila|extra2=Rakhi, Iswaraya Bharani| lyrics2 = Rakhi|length2=5:01 |note2=A montage featuring Ravi Mohan, [[Kangana Ranaut]] and [[Lakshmi Rai]]'s struggles to be with their loved ones.
|title3=Choopey Nee Choopeye|extra3=[[Harish Raghavendra]]| lyrics3 = Vennelakanti |length3=5:01 |note3=A romantic interlude featuring Ravi Mohan and Kangana Ranaut. Picturized in [[Coorg]].
|title4=Chiru Chiru Aasalu|extra4=Mani, Praveen, Power Vijay | lyrics4 = Harish Naaga|length4=4:21 |note4=Introduction song for Ravi Mohan. Shot in [[Chennai]].
|title5=Nee Menu Mandara|extra5=Rakhi| lyrics5 =Rakhi|length5=2:20 |note5=A romantic song picturized in a car on Ravi Mohan and Kangana Ranaut.
}}

==Release==
===Reception===
The film opened to positive reception from audiences.<ref name="rrrarggfgm">{{Cite web |title=Fantastic advance booking for Dhaam Dhoom |url=http://sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14748248 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831030301/http://sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14748248 |archive-date=31 August 2008 |access-date=29 August 2008 |website=[[Sify]].com}}</ref> Pavithra Srinivasan of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "With logic, good performances and sound music, ''Dhaam Dhoom'' is definitely worth a watch".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=2008-08-29 |title=Dhaam Dhoom is worth a watch |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/aug/29ssdd.htm |website=Rediff.com}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote, "The biggest weakness of the film is its screenplay On the whole film lacks a tempo and the second half is far too drawn out".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhaam Dhoom |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14749430&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912062724/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14749430&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=12 September 2008 |access-date=2 July 2025 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

===Box office===
The film opened in Chennai strongly, with advance bookings full for the opening weekend at [[INOX Leisure Limited|Inox]] and Sathyam Cinemas, while at Mayajaal, there were 22 shows daily of the film,<ref name="rrrarggfgm" /> leading to a successful opening of 92% full attendance.<ref name="rrrahgjjm">{{Cite web |title=Confusion over ownership of Dhaam Dhoom |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14749515 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831084511/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14749515 |archive-date=31 August 2008 |access-date=29 August 2008 |website=[[Sify]].com}}</ref><ref name="rrtujjm">{{Cite web |title=Chennai Box Office (29 August to 31) |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14751159&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903115737/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=14751159&cid=13525926 |archive-date=3 September 2008 |access-date=2 September 2008 |website=[[Sify]].com}}</ref> [[Rupee|Rs]]. 49,29,778 was grossed on the first weekend in [[Chennai]] multiplexes, which had a total of 166 shows over three days.<ref name="rrtjkm">{{Cite web |title=Chennai Box Office |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-2/top-ten-movies/tamil-cinema-topten-movie-dhaam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080903175142/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-2/top-ten-movies/tamil-cinema-topten-movie-dhaam.html |archive-date=3 September 2008 |access-date=2 September 2008 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> After the first week the film, maintained its place at top spot, despite the entry of ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]'', gaining Rs. 37,31,124, with a total attendance percentage in Chennai of 70%.<ref name="rrtjkm"/>

Overseas, in the United Kingdom box office, the film opened at number 22, earning [[£]]21,634 during the first weekend, after opening across four [[Cineworld]] screens.<ref name="rtyry">{{Cite news |title=United Kingdom Box Office (Aug. 29, 2008 – Aug. 31, 2008) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/indexes/2008/09/04/movies/boxoffice/weekend_uk/index.html |access-date=31 August 2008 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> After the second week the cumulative gross increased to £37,050, retaining the number of screens, but slipping to 34th in the weekly rankings.<ref name="rfjghfj">{{Cite web |title=United Kingdom Box Office (Sept. 5, 2008 – Sept. 7, 2008) |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/pages/movies/boxoffice/weekend_uk/index.html |access-date=7 September 2008 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}.

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1388434}}

{{Jeeva (director)}}

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Moscow]]
[[Category:Films shot in Saint Petersburg]]
[[Category:2008 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films set in Russia]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
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Narkopi

2026-04-22T04:10:01Z

NoeMacmillan574: info

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Narkopi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.3884|N|84.9626|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1556
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Bero block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 829210
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 06530
| registration_plate = JH 01
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 67.78%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Mandar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mandar]]
| website = {{URL|ranchi.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Narkopi''' is a village in the [[Bero block|Bero]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Ranchi Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Ranchi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|23|23|0|N|85|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Ranchi district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, T: tourist centre, D: dam, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|24|26|N|85|29|6|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Angara | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Angara, Jharkhand]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|32|53|N|84|55|25|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Balsokra| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Balsokra]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|18|5|N|85|0|56|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Bero| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bero, India]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|34|28|N|85|7|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Burmu| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Burmu]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|30|44|N|84|58|35|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Chanho| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Chanho]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|34|43|N|85|31|2|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chutupalu| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Chutupalu]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|40|5|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Dakra| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Dakra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|21|24|N|85|7|21|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8= Itki| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Itki, India]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|6|45|N|84|56|32|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Lapung| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Lapung]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|27|47|N|85|5|29|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Mandar| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Mandar, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|5|N|85|24|44|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Mesra| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Mesra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|11|0|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Nagri| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Nagri, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|29|30|N|85|29|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Ormanjhi| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Ormanjhi]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|15|55|N|85|38|40|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Rahe| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Rahe, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|21|1|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silli| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Silli]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|12|13|N|85|42|26|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonahatu| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Sonahatu]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|3|15|N|85|39|19|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Tamar| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Tamar, India]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|16|40|N|85|18|30|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Hatia| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Hatia]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|21|6|N|85|19|12|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Ranchi| numbered19=M| mark-title19= [[Ranchi]] (M) |label-size19=12 |label-color19=#800000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|10|12|N|85|34|48|E}} | label-pos20=top|label20=Bundu| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Bundu, India]] (M) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|21|25|N|85|24|15|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Ara | numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Ara, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color21= #A40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|25|50|N|85|20|40|E}} | label-pos22=top|label22= Arsande | numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Arsande]] (CT) |shape-color22= #A40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|18|20|N|85|22|11|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bargarwa | numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Bargarwa]] (CT) |shape-color23= #A40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|39|40|N|85|0|16|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bishrampur | numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bishrampur, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color24= #A40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|41|55|N|85|1|11|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Churi | numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Churi]] (CT) |shape-color25= #A40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|27|46|N|85|26|32|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Irba | numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Irba]] (CT) |shape-color26= #A40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|26|8|N|85|18|20|E}} | label-pos27=bottom|label27= Kanke | numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Kanke]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|38|10|N|84|59|0|E}} | label-pos28=bottom|label28= Khelari | numbered28=CT| mark-title28=[[Khelari]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|23|44|N|85|51|41|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Muri | numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Muri, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|19|50|N|85|22|36|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Namkum | numbered30=N| mark-title30=[[Namkum, Ranchi]] (N) |shape-color30=#C42222
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|25|13|N|85|13|14|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Ratu | numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Ratu, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|42|36|N|85|3|12|E}} | label-pos32=right|label32= Ray | numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Ray, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|22|57|N|85|25|44|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Tati | numbered33=CT| mark-title33=[[Tati, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|14|10|E}} | label-pos34=bottom|label34= Tundul | numbered34=CT| mark-title34=[[Tundul]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|27|4|N|85|41|36|E}} | label-pos35= bottom|label35=Hundru |labela35= Falls| numbered35=T| mark-title35= [[Hundru Falls]] (T) |shape-color35= #74C365
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|20|30|N|85|36|30|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Jonha Falls| numbered36=T| mark-title36= [[Jonha Falls]] (T) |shape-color36= #74C365
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|8|46|N|85|28|2|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37=Dassam Falls| numbered37=T| mark-title37= [[Dassam Falls]] (T) |shape-color37= #74C365
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|27|34|N|85|32|40|E}}| label38= Getalsud |labela38= Dam| label-color38 = #C42222 | label-angle38=0| label-pos38=right| label-size38=11| mark-size38=12| numbered38=D|mark-title38 =[[Getalsud Dam]]| shape-color38=#C42222
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|28|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label39= Subarnarekha |labela39= River |label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= 5| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|16|0|N|85|46|0|E}} |label40= Raru |labela40= River |label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 10| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|5|20|N|85|43|0|E}} |label41= Kanchi |labela41= River |label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= -25| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|58|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label42= Karkari |labela42= River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 5| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|29|40|N|85|37|0|E}} |label43= Bhairavi |labela43= River |label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= -10| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|42|20|N|85|9|0|E}} |label44= Damodar |labela44= River |label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 0| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|mark-coord45={{coord|23|24|0|N|84|55|0|E}} |label45= Koel |labela45= River |label-color45 = #77A1CB| label-angle45= 0| label-pos45=top| label-size45=10| mark-size45=0| mark-title45 =none
|mark-coord46={{coord|23|38|20|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos46=right|label46=CCL North|labela46= Karanpura Area |numbered46=0 | mark-title46=[[North Karanpura Area]] | label-size46=12| shape-color46=#AA6666
|mark-coord47={{coord|23|23|18|N|84|57|45|E}} | label-pos47=left|label47= Narkopi| numbered47=R| mark-title47=Narkopi (R)|shape-color47=black| label-size47=13|label-color47=black 
|mark-coord48={{coord|23|31|17|N|85|17|29|E}} | label-pos48=left|label48= Pithuriya| numbered48=R| mark-title48=[[Pithuriya]] (R)
|mark-coord49={{coord|23|29|6|N|85|36|33|E}} | label-pos49=right|label49= Sikidiri| numbered49=R| mark-title49=[[Sikidiri]] (R)
|mark-coord50={{coord|23|19|37|N|84|55|28|E}} | label-pos50=top|label50= Khukhragarh| numbered50=H| mark-title50=[[Khukhragarh]] (H)
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|12|10|N|85|57|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-95| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Location===
Narkopi is located at {{coord|23.3884|N|84.9626|E|display=inline}}

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Ranchi plateau]], most of it at an average elevation of 2,140 feet above sea level. Only a small part in the north-eastern part of the district is the lower Ranchi plateau, spread over [[Silli block|Silli]], [[Rahe block|Rahe]], [[Sonahatu block|Sonahatu]] and [[Tamar block|Tamar]] CD blocks, at an elevation of 500 to 1,000 feet above sea level. There is a 16 km long ridge south-west of Ranchi. There are isolated hills in the central plateau. The principal river of the district, the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]], originates near [[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]], flows in an easterly direction and descends from the plateau, with a drop of about 300 feet at [[Hundru Falls]]. Subarnarekha and other important rivers are marked on the map. The forested area is shaded in the map.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> A major part of the [[North Karanpura Area]] and some fringe areas of the [[Piparwar Area]] of the [[Central Coalfields|Central Coalfields Limited]], both located in the [[North Karanpura Coalfield]], are in Ranchi district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/nrkpra.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – North Karanpura |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/pprwr.php| title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – Piparwar |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref> There has been extensive industrial activity in Ranchi district, since independence.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 14: Industry |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> Ranchi district is the first in the state in terms of population. 8.83% of the total population of the state lives in this district - 56.9% is rural population and 43.1% is urban population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
There is a police station at Narkopi.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| title = District Police Profile - Ranchi| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 21 September 2021| archive-date = 8 September 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210908124539/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Narkopi had a total population of 1,556, of which 787 (51%) were males and 769 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 280. The total number of literate persons in Narkopi was 865 (67.78% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi , Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 374338, page 268-269|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 September 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
There is a railway station at Narkopi on the [[Barkakana-Son Nagar line|Ranchi-Tori line]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/ranchi-lohardaga-memu-68135/7343/384/5355 | title= 58651->68135 Ranchi-Lohardaga MEMU |work= Time Table |publisher= IndiaRailInfo | access-date = 21 September 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Government High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational institution established in 1964. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X. It has a playground and library with 200 books.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20140703401/govt-upg-high-school-narkopi.html |title = Government UPG High School Narkopi |publisher= Schools.org.in | access-date = 22 September 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Ranchi district]]

Santirbazar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:28Z

NoeMacmillan574: added first data initial version.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Tripura state, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Santirbazar
| state = [[Tripura]]
| district = [[South Tripura district|South Tripura]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tripura West Lok Sabha constituency|Tripura West]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Santirbazar Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 36
| mla = [[Pramod Reang]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:50535}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Tripura General Legislative Election 2023 - Tripura - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Santirbazar''' is one of the 60 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Tripura]] state in [[India]].<ref name="knowBLO">{{cite web |url=http://ermstripura.nic.in/officerlogin/outviews/viewBLO.aspx |title=Information of BLO |website=ermstripura.nic.in |accessdate=22 January 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128112151/http://ermstripura.nic.in/officerlogin/outviews/viewBLO.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It is part of [[South Tripura district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Drao Kumar Reang]] || {{Full party name with color|Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || [[Shyama Charan Tripura]]
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Gouri Sankar Reang
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || [[Baju Ban Riyan]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || [[Durbajoy Reang]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || rowspan=3 | [[Manindra Reang]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan=2 | [[Pramod Reang]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pramod Reang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,709 |percentage=40.04% |change={{decrease}}10.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harendra Reang |party=Tipra Motha Party |votes=14,615 |percentage=31.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satyajit Reang |party=Communist Party of India |votes=12,063 |percentage=25.82% |change={{decrease}}19.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narendra Reang |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=697 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=636 |percentage=1.36% |change={{increase}}0.10 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,094 |percentage=8.76% |change= {{increase}}3.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,720 |percentage=92.50% |change= {{decrease}}1.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,535 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.83 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pramod Reang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,701 |percentage=50.88% |change={{increase}}49.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manindra Reang]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=19,352 |percentage=45.37% |change={{decrease}}7.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=538 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baneti Reang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=446 |percentage=1.05% |change={{decrease}}42.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milan Pada Murasing |party=Independent politician |votes=313 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,349 |percentage=5.51% |change= {{decrease}}4.04 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,652 |percentage=93.22% |change= {{decrease}}1.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,627 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}1.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manindra Reang]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=20,798 |percentage=52.87% |change={{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Sankar Reang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,042 |percentage=43.32% |change={{decrease}}1.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rana Kishore Reang |party=Indigenous People's Front of Tripura |votes=888 |percentage=2.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parikshit Debbarma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=613 |percentage=1.56% |change={{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,756 |percentage=9.55% |change= {{increase}}1.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,341 |percentage=94.88% |change= {{increase}}1.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,521 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manindra Reang]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=18,345 |percentage=52.81% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Sankar Reang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,562 |percentage=44.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parikshit Debbarma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=831 |percentage=2.39% |change={{decrease}}0.39 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,783 |percentage=8.01% |change= {{decrease}}0.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,738 |percentage=93.86% |change= {{increase}}13.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,136 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manindra Reang]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=14,536 |percentage=53.04% |change={{increase}}5.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rana Kishore Reang |party=Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra |votes=12,106 |percentage=44.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rabindra Reang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=763 |percentage=2.78% |change={{decrease}}1.88 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,430 |percentage=8.87% |change= {{increase}}8.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,405 |percentage=80.38% |change= {{decrease}}0.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,121 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Durbajoy Reang]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=11,983 |percentage=47.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gauri Sankar Reang |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=11,890 |percentage=47.48% |change={{decrease}}1.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pabitra Kumar Reang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,169 |percentage=4.67% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=93 |percentage=0.37% |change= {{decrease}}1.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,042 |percentage=83.44% |change= {{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,937 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Baju Ban Riyan]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=13,242 |percentage=50.46% |change={{increase}}3.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Sankar Reang |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=12,879 |percentage=49.07% |change={{decrease}}2.81 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=363 |percentage=1.38% |change= {{decrease}}3.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,244 |percentage=82.16% |change= {{decrease}}2.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,298 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1988 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gouri Sankar Reang |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=11,582 |percentage=51.88% |change={{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manik Majumder |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,470 |percentage=46.90% |change={{increase}}5.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Baidya |party=Independent politician |votes=272 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,112 |percentage=4.98% |change= {{decrease}}9.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,324 |percentage=84.96% |change= {{increase}}1.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,630 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.85 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |loser=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport%20Tripura%201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shyama Charan Tripura]] |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=10,478 |percentage=55.63% |change={{increase}}25.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Chandra Kar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=7,759 |percentage=41.19% |change={{increase}}14.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manindra Kumar Das |party=Independent politician |votes=598 |percentage=3.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,719 |percentage=14.44% |change= {{increase}}11.05 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,835 |percentage=83.85% |change= {{increase}}5.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,790 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |loser=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Santirbazar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport%201977%20Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Drao Kumar Reang]] |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=4,397 |percentage=30.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subodh Chandra Nath |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,902 |percentage=26.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pijush Biswas |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,947 |percentage=20.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lakshmi Nag ( Barman ) |party=Janata Party |votes=1,725 |percentage=11.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sachindra Majumder |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=608 |percentage=4.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Baran Das Gupta |party=Communist Party of India |votes=594 |percentage=4.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Chandra Biswas |party=Independent politician |votes=446 |percentage=3.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=495 |percentage=3.39% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,619 |percentage=78.29% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,042 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
* [[South Tripura district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord|23.31|91.55||display=title}}

[[Category:South Tripura district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tripura]]

Charilam Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:18Z

NoeMacmillan574: Adding New Stub...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Tripura State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Charilam
| state = [[Tripura]]
| type = SLA
| map_image = Charilam Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 19
| district = [[Sipahijala district|Sipahijala]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image = Subodh Debbarma.jpg
| mla = [[Subodh Deb Barma]]
| party = {{Party index link|Tipra Motha Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:39998}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14875-tripura-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Tripura General Legislative Election 2023 - Tripura - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Charilam''' is one of the 60 [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Tripura]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/7249-tripura/ |title=Delimitation Commission of India - Notification |website=eci.gov.in |date=12 May 2005 |author=Shangara Ram |accessdate= 25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=district-AC-Map>{{cite web |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |title=District/AC Map - Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura |website=ceotripura.nic.in |access-date= 23 January 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405133941/http://ceotripura.nic.in/Map.asp |archive-date=5 April 2014}}</ref> It is in [[Sipahijala district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It forms part of the [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[A. Debbarma]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Niranjan Deb || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Harinath Debbarma]] || {{Full party name with color|Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti}}
|-
| [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Parimal Chandra Saha || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1988]] || Matilal Saha
|-
| [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Ahok Debbarma
|-
| [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=3 | [[Narayan Rupini]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[Ramendra Narayan Debbarma]]
|-
| [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Jishnu Dev Varma]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Subodh Deb Barma]] || {{Full party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Tripura Assembly election results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220141112/https://indianexpress.com/elections/tripura-election-results-2023-constituency-winners-list-8473554/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Subodh Deb Barma]] |party=Tipra Motha Party |votes=13,657 |percentage=37.34 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jishnu Dev Varma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,799 |percentage=34.99 |change={{decrease}}55.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Debbarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,627 |percentage=26.32 |change={{increase}}23.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=496 |percentage=1.36 |change={{decrease}}0.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=858 |percentage=2.35 |change= {{decrease}}84.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,579 |percentage=91.59 |change= {{increase}}12.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,998 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tipra Motha Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}53.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2018 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228163855/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2018.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jishnu Dev Varma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,580 |percentage=90.81 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Palash Debbarma |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,030 |percentage=3.52 |change={{decrease}}47.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Debbarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=775 |percentage=2.65 |change={{decrease}}44.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Uma Sankar Debbarma |party=Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra |votes=685 |percentage=2.34 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=485 |percentage=1.66 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jyotilal Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=198 |percentage=0.68 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,550 |percentage=87.29 |change= {{increase}}83.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,271 |percentage=80.55 |change= {{decrease}}14.48 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,939 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}39.87 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2013 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165655/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ramendra Narayan Debbarma]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=16,479 |percentage=50.94 |change={{increase}}1.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Himani Debbarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,138 |percentage=46.79 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rammohan Debbarma |party=Indigenous People's Front of Tripura |votes=733 |percentage=2.27 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,341 |percentage=4.15 |change= {{increase}}2.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,350 |percentage=93.80 |change= {{increase}}1.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,517 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Rupini |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=14,216 |percentage=49.44 |change={{increase}}1.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narendra Chandra Debbarma |party=Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra |votes=13,729 |percentage=47.75 |change={{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harendra Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=466 |percentage=1.62 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhyasagar Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=343 |percentage=1.19 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=487 |percentage=1.69 |change= {{increase}}1.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,754 |percentage=92.28 |change= {{increase}}17.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,259 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{increase}}1.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tripura|title=Form 20 {{!}} Final Result Sheet {{!}} General Election to the Tripura Legislative Assembly - 2003 |url=http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165918/http://ceotripura.nic.in/sites/default/files/2024-01/Form20_2003.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date = 20 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Rupini |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,573 |percentage=48.07 |change={{decrease}}1.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narendra Chandra Debbarma |party=Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra |votes=10,517 |percentage=47.81 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Swapan Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=285 |percentage=1.30 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishu Kumar Debbarma |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=270 |percentage=1.23 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jishnu Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=244 |percentage=1.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=56 |percentage=0.25 |change= {{decrease}}4.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,996 |percentage=74.20 |change= {{decrease}}3.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,727 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}1.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006160344/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-TRI98.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Narayan Rupini |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,815 |percentage=49.60 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ananta Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=9,809 |percentage=44.99 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumanta Debbarma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=663 |percentage=3.04 |change={{increase}}1.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harinath Debbarma]] |party=Independent politician |votes=305 |percentage=1.40 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranita Sangma |party=Amra Bangali |votes=118 |percentage=0.54 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,006 |percentage=4.61 |change= {{increase}}1.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,805 |percentage=79.89 |change= {{increase}}1.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,308 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical20Report20199320Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006065326/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical20Report20199320Tripura.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ahok Debbarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,292 |percentage=47.09 |change={{decrease}}4.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aghore Debbarma |party=Communist Party of India |votes=9,628 |percentage=44.05 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Binoy Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,114 |percentage=5.10 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rebati Debbarma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=366 |percentage=1.67 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bijoy Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=242 |percentage=1.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Haricharan Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=151 |percentage=0.69 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=664 |percentage=3.04 |change= {{decrease}}1.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,855 |percentage=76.84 |change= {{decrease}}6.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,844 |ref = |change= {{increase}}26.78 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1988 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical20Report20Tripura201988.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006100546/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical20Report20Tripura201988.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Matilal Saha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,680 |percentage=51.54 |change={{decrease}}1.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brajgopal Bhowmic |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,772 |percentage=46.71 |change={{increase}}1.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyamal Kanti Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=328 |percentage=1.75 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=908 |percentage=4.83 |change= {{decrease}}2.74 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,780 |percentage=84.01 |change= {{increase}}0.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,752 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.24 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport20Tripura201983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006044341/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/StatisticalReport20Tripura201983.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Parimal Chandra Saha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,528 |percentage=52.70 |change={{increase}}38.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Braja Gopal Bhowmik |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=7,302 |percentage=45.12 |change={{increase}}19.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Braja Lal Saha |party=Independent politician |votes=300 |percentage=1.85 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,226 |percentage=7.58 |change= {{decrease}}0.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,183 |percentage=83.44 |change= {{increase}}3.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,744 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.13 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport20197720Tripura.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613130016/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReport20197720Tripura.pdf|archive-date=13 June 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Harinath Debbarma]] |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=4,259 |percentage=33.20 |change={{increase}}17.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Durga Prasad Sikdar |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=3,231 |percentage=25.18 |change={{decrease}}11.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Swapan Kumar Dutta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,802 |percentage=14.05 |change={{decrease}}18.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pravesh Chandra Saha |party=Janata Party |votes=1,625 |percentage=12.67 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Captain Chatterjee |party=Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee |votes=1,202 |percentage=9.37 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Chowdhury |party=Independent politician |votes=388 |percentage=3.02 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kumud Ranjan Kundu Chowdhury |party=Communist Party of India |votes=212 |percentage=1.65 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rebati Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=111 |percentage=0.87 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,028 |percentage=8.01 |change= {{increase}}3.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,830 |percentage=79.78 |change= {{increase}}13.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,436 |ref = |change= {{increase}}39.75 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= {{decrease}}3.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Niranjan Deb |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,805 |percentage=36.78 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Monmohan Debbarma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,474 |percentage=32.44 |change={{decrease}}16.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barada Kanta Debbarma |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=1,201 |percentage=15.75 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gourchand Debbarma |party=Independent politician |votes=926 |percentage=12.14 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. K. Nakshatra Bikram |party=Independent politician |votes=220 |percentage=2.88 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=331 |percentage=4.34 |change= {{increase}}2.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,626 |percentage=67.03 |change= {{decrease}}5.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,761 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}41.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{decrease}}13.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Charilam<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Tripura201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135955/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Tripura201967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Debbarma]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=7,230 |percentage=50.68 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. C. D. Barma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,037 |percentage=49.32 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=193 |percentage=1.35 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,267 |percentage=73.27 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,222 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Sipahijala district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/charilam.html |title=Charilam Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |publisher=Elections.in |accessdate=19 March 2018}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}

{{coord|23.64|91.31|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Sipahijala district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Tripura]]

Khokhra Chieftaincy

2026-04-11T11:51:20Z

NoeMacmillan574: adding the stub v1

{{Short description|Dynasty in Chota Nagpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Khokhra chieftaincy
| common_name =
| era =
| year_start = 15th century CE
| year_end = 1952
| p1 =
| s1 = Republic of India
| image_map = Nawratan gadh.jpg
| image_map_caption = Navratnagarh fort
| image_map_size =
| capital = {{plainlist|
*[[Navratangarh]]}}
| common_languages =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| status =
*[[Vassal state]] of the [[Mughal Empire]] (1585–1733)
*[[Vassal state]] of the [[British East India Company]] (1771–1817)
| government_type = [[Principality]]
| image_coat =
| title_leader =
| leader1 =
| year_leader1 =
| leader2 =
| year_leader2 =
| today =
}}
The '''Khokhra chieftaincy''', also known as the '''Nagvanshi dynasty''', was a principality that ruled the parts of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] region (modern-day [[Jharkhand]]) during much of the medieval and early-modern period. The chieftaincy came to prominence while the region was part of [[Bihar Subah]] in the [[Mughal Empire]].

Legendary accounts trace the founder of this dynasty to be [[Phani Mukut Rai]] who lived during the 1st century CE, however the definite history of the Khokhra chieftaincy begins from the 15th century onwards.<ref name="Ansari2019">{{cite book|author=Tahir Hussain Ansari|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|chapter=The Khokhra Chieftaincy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ|date=20 June 2019|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-00-065152-2|pages=163–185}}</ref>

==Origin==
The origins of the Khokhras are unknown and while the family claimed to be [[Kshatriya]], recent evidence points to them having their origins with the [[Munda people|Munda tribe]] before the leader of the tribe, Madra Munda, was adopted into the [[Nagvanshi]]s.<ref name= "Ansari2019" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0gwfmPFTLgC |title=Tribal Roots of Hinduism |publisher=Sarup & Sons |first=Shiv |last=Kumar Tiwari |year=2002 |page=264 |isbn=8176252999}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TGyzMJYZn-0C&pg=PA21 |title=Message of the Purans |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Ltd |first=B. B. |last=Paliwal |year=2005 |page=21 |isbn=978-8-12881-174-6}}</ref>

==History==
===Mughal period===
The Khokhra family receives no mention during the period the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and even during the reign of [[Sher Shah Suri]]. The reason for this likely relates to the isolated location from which the Khokhras ruled as none of the ruling authorities in [[Bihar]] were able to reach them.<ref name= "Ansari2019" /> During the Mughal period, it was Emperor [[Akbar]] who was the first to try and expand into the territory of the Khokhras. [[Abul Fazl]] writes that in 1585 CE, the emperor requested [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]] to attack the Khokhras after the chief, [[Madhu Karn Shah|Madhukar Rai]], had refused to accept the overlordship of the Mughals as he was confident that the forests and mountains of his principality would protect him. Shahbaz Khan eventually went on to conquer the Khokhras and Madhukar Rai agreed to pay land revenue to the Mughals. In the 1590s, Madhukar Rai was asked to serve in the imperial army for a campaign against the [[Afghans]] of [[Odisha]] along with other [[Zamindars of Bihar|zamindars of Bihar]] including those of the [[Gidhaur chieftaincy]] and [[Kharagpur Raj]].<ref name= "Ansari2019" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UBBDAAAAYAAJ&q=sadan+nagpuri|title=Journal of Historical Research, Volume 43|publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University|page=89|year=2003}}</ref>

Madhukar Rai died in 1599 and was replaced by [[Bairisal]] who according to records visited the Emperor in [[Delhi]] and accompanied him on various expeditions. Because of his services, he was rewarded with valuable gifts and granted the pargana of Sherghati.<ref name= "Ansari2019" /> However, in 1613 Bairisal rebelled against the Mughals and the [[Baharistan-i-Ghaibi]] mentions that Bairisal failed to fulfill payment of revenue. The Mughal General, Zafar Khan, besieged the Khokhras however just as he was about the achieve victory, news about the death of Islam Khan, then Governor of Bengal spread and Zafar Khan was forced to reach a settlement with the Khokhras so that he could move to Bengal to reestablish control.<ref name= "Ansari2019" /> Zafar Khan soon returned to Chota Nagpur under the orders of the Emperor but before he could relaunch his campaign, he was struck by an illness which left him paralysed and the campaign was unable to go ahead.<ref name= "Ansari2019" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.125201/2015.125201.The-Mundas-And-Their-Country_djvu.txt|title=Munda and their country|author=Sarat Chandra Roy|access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>

Bairisal died in 1614 and was succeeded by his son, [[Durjan Shah]] who continued to defy Mughal authority however he was eventually defeated and Khokhra was annexed into the Mughal empire by the governor of Bihar, [[Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang]] in 1615. Emperor [[Jahangir]] noted that Durjan Shah was imprisoned for at least three years following the subjugation of Khokhradesh. A story recounts that Durjan Shah was released from prison after Jahangir was impressed with his ability to judge the purity of diamonds. As per the terms of his release, Durjan Shah was to pay tribute of 6000 Rs and was also conferred with the title of [[Shah]].<ref name= "Ansari2019" /> Durjan Shah died in 1640 and was succeeded by his son, Ram Shah.

[[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] built [[Kapilnath Temple]] in 1643 CE in Navratangarh.<ref name="livehistoryindia">{{cite web|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/places/navratangarh-lost-kingdom-of-the-nagvanshis|title=Navratangarh: Lost Kingdom of the Nagvanshis|publisher=livehistoryindia|date=27 April 2019|access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref> [[Raghunath Shah]] (1663–1690) built several temples, including Madan Mohan temple in Boera and Jagannath temple. According to Lal Pradumn Singh, the writer of the book Nagvansh, the Mughals invaded Khukhra during the reign of Raghunath Shah. Mughal officials were sent by [[Aurangzeb]] to attack Khokhra. The invasion was strongly resisted which resulted in the death of Mughal officials. Later he agreed to pay tax to the Mughals. Thakur [[Ani Nath Shahdeo]] made Satranji the capital of [[Barkagarh estate]] near [[Subarnarekha river]]. He built the [[Jagannath temple, Ranchi|Jagannath temple]] in 1691.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/giant-new-chapter-for-nagpuri-poetry/cid/362632|title=Giant new chapter for Nagpuri poetry|date=5 November 2012|website=telegraphindia}}</ref>

[[File:IMGJagannathpur Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Jagannath temple, Ranchi|Jagannath temple]] at Ranchi built by king [[Ani Nath Shahdeo]] in 1691|left]]
In 1719, during the reign of Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], Sarbuland Khan invaded to Chotanagpur plateau. Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] agreed to pay Rs. 100,000 (one [[lakh]]) as Nazrana.{{clarify|reason=jargon needs explaining|date=January 2023}} Then Yadunath Shah shifted the capital from Navratangarh to [[Palkot]] upon realising the weakness of the capital from a defensibility point of view. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Shivnath Shah (1724–1733). Due to non-payment of tribute, Fakhr-ud-daula invaded Khokhra in 1731. He faced considerable resistance from the Raja of Khokhra but both parties reached a compromise and he paid Rs. 12,000 as tribute. When Fakhr-ud-daula was removed from the post of Subedar of Bihar Suba in 1733, the Khokhra chief discontinued the payment of tribute to the Mughals. Maninath Shah (1748-1762) consolidated his authority over the estates of
[[Bundu, India|Bundu]], [[Silli block|Silli]], Barwe, Rahe, and [[Tamar block|Tamar]], and the chiefs of these estates were compelled to
acknowledge the Nagvanshi ruler as their chief.<ref name=Virottam1972>{{cite book |last1=Virottam |first1=Balmukund |title=The Nagbanshis And The Cheros |date=1972 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |pages=83–89 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/page/n5/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name= "Ansari2019" />

===British period===
After the [[Battle of Buxar]] in 1764, the [[East India Company]] was given the right to collect revenue from Bihar, Bengal and Odisha by the Mughal Empire. In 1771, during the reign of [[Dripnath Shah]], Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company due to conflicts with neighbouring kings and tribes.

Between 1760 and 1770, the [[Maratha Empire]] invaded Chotanagpur and looted and collected revenue forcefully. The British defeated the Maratha forces in 1772. The British stationed military forces at Chotanagpur to check the incursions of Marathas. During the reign of [[Govind Nath Shah]], due to the rebellion, refusal of payment of revenue by subordinate [[Jagirdar]] and [[Zamindar]] under Nagvanshi king due to excessive tax imposition by the East India Company, Chotanagpur was brought under direct control by the East India Company in 1817 and they reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Zamindars. The disposition of some Mankis in Sonepur Pargana and the mistreatment of a Manki by contractors resulted in the [[Kol uprising]] in 1831 to 1833 when Munda plundered and burned the properties of Sikh and Muslim contractors. Then these activities spread to Ranchi district and tribal Munda, Hos and Oraon indulged in indiscriminate plunder and killings of Muslims and Sikhs as well as villages of Hindus. They destroyed the Mahamaya temple built by Gajghat Rai in Hapamuni village of Gumla. These activities spread to Palamu and were joined by [[Kharwar]] and [[Chero]]. This insurgency was suppressed by Thomas Wilkinson.

In 1855, during the reign of [[Jagannath Shah Deo]], the king of [[Barkagarh estate]], [[Vishwanath Shahdeo]], stopped following the orders of the East India Company, defeated British forces in Hatia and ruled independently for two years. During the Rebellion of 1857, he led the rebels of the Ramgarh Battalion. He organised an army with the assistance of nearby zamindars including [[Pandey Ganpat Rai]], [[Tikait Umrao Singh]], [[Sheikh Bhikhari]], Jaimangal Singh, and Nadir Ali Khan. He fought against an East India Company force in the [[Battle of Chatra]] but was defeated. [[Jagatpal Singh]], King of [[Pithoria]], helped the British to defeat the rebels. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo was captured and hanged in Ranchi along with other rebels in April 1858. Later Barkagarh estate was confiscated for rebellion against Company rule.<ref name=Ustad1997>{{cite journal | jstor=44143953 | title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district during the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar | author= Mathur Das Ustad | journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | year=1997 | volume=58 | pages=493–500}}</ref><ref name="MishraPaty2010">{{cite book|author1=Asha Mishra|author2=Chittaranjan Kumar Paty|title=Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857–2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6fWJQOfzwC&pg=PA85|year=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-686-2|pages=85–}}</ref>

[[File:LowerBengal1870Map.png|thumb|Map of Chotanagpur in Lower Bengal in 1870]]
The Nagvanshi rulers shifted their capital from Palkot to [[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]] in 1870. [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] built Ratu Palace in 1900. The last ruler of the Nagvanshi dynasty was [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1931–2014). [[Zamindari]] was abolished after the independence of India in 1952.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/animal-sacrifice-alive-at-ratu-fort/cid/592736|title=Animal sacrifice alive at Ratu Fort|date=23 September 2009|website=telegraphindia}}</ref>

===Branches===
Following are the states and estates established by Nagvanshi princes:
*[[Barkagarh estate]] of Satrangi (now in Ranchi)
*[[Khairagarh State]] of [[Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
*[[Kalahandi State]] of Kalahandi, [[Odisha]]
*[[Nilgiri State]] of Nilagiri, Baleswar, [[Odisha]]
*Jariagarh Estate of [[Khunti district]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://swadeshtoday.com/jaria-garh-royal-family-organized-a-planning-meeting-to-carry-out-the-tradition/|title=जरिया गढ़ राजपरिवार ने की परम्परा निर्वहन के लिए योजना बैठक|publisher=swadeshtoday|date=5 September 2021|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>

===Post-independence ===
In the modern period, the Nagvanshi are divided into two subgroups namely Rajdariya, the descendants of the royal family, and the Lohardagiya, the inhabitants of Lohardaga district. Lohardagiyas wield a lot of influence in present-day Lohardaga and Latehar districts despite being fewer in numbers demographically. They have only one gotra ''[[Kashyapa|Kashyap]]''. Nagvanshi practice exogamy and establish relationships with other royal families. The Nagvanshi use ''Shahdeo'' as their surname. They speak the Nagpuri language and Hindi with others. They are non-vegetarian and eat rice, wheat and pulses.<ref name="Anthropological Survey of India">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt9G1e6JF-QC|title=People of India: India's communities, Volume 6 of People of India, Anthropological Survey of India|author=K. S. Singh|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=9788185579092|year=1992}}</ref>

==Rulers==
Following is the list of Nagvanshi rulers according to "Nag Vanshavali" (1876) written by Beniram Mehta during reign of [[Jagannath Shah Deo]] and book "Nagvansh" (1951) written by Lal Pradumn Singh during reign of [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]]. There is considerable disagreement among historians about chronology of various kings and its authenticity. 57th Nagvanshi king [[Dripnath Shah]] (c. 1762–1790 CE) submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to the Governor General of India in 1787.<ref name=Virottam1972/>

===Raja===
{{Div col|content=
*Raja [[Madhu Karn Shah]] (16th century)
*Raja [[Bairisal]]
*Raja [[Durjan Shah]] (17th century)
*Raja Deo Shah
*Raja [[Ram Shah (king)|Ram Shah]] (1640-1663)
*Raja [[Raghunath Shah]] (1663–1690)
*Raja [[Yadunath Shah]] (1690–1724)
*Raja Shivnath Shah (1724–1733)
*Raja Udainath Shah (1733-1740)
*Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
*Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745–1748)
*Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
*Raja [[Dripnath Shah]] (1762–1790)
*Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)
|colwidth=40 em}}

===Maharaja===
*Maharaja [[Govind Nath Shah]] (1806–1822)
*Maharaja [[Jagannath Shah Deo]] (1822–1869)
*Maharaja [[Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo]] (1869/72–1950)
*Maharaja [[Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo]] (1950–1952)

==See also==
*[[Chota Nagpur Division]]
*[[Chota Nagpur Tributary States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{cite book |last1=Virottam |first1=Balmukund |title=The Nagbanshis and the Cheros |date=1972 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHzL_FFV6PcC&q=the+nagbanshis+and+the+cheros}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Nagpuria people]]
[[Category:History of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Zamindars of Bihar]]

Amiya Kumari Padhi

2026-04-07T08:57:37Z

NoeMacmillan574: added new bio

{{Short description|Indian jurist (1933-2012)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amiya Kumari Padhi
| honorific_prefix = '''Hon'ble Justice'''
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Judge]] [[Odisha High Court]]
| term_start = 18 April 1988
| term_end = 14 September 1995
| appointer =
| predecessor =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw College]]
| birth_date = {{birth date |1933|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Dhenkenal
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|4|30|1933|9|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Cuttack]]
| citizenship = Indian
| parents = Justice J.K Mishra (father)
| website = {{URL|http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in/judgesret.asp|Odisha High Court Judges}}
}}

'''Amiya Kumari Padhi''' (15 September 1933–30 April 2012) was an eminent Indian jurist and the first woman to serve as a judge of the [[Odisha High Court]]. She was also the Odisha High Court representative under the Indian [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]].<ref name="The New Indian Express">{{cite web|title=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2012/may/01/1st-woman-judge-of-hc-justice-amiya-padhi-dead-363798.html|access-date=2016-11-09}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Padhi was born in [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenekanal]], [[Odisha, India|Odisha]] on September 15, 1933. She completed her matriculation in [[Sambalpur]] and graduated from [[Ravenshaw College]] in 1953. Padhi studied law and enrolled at the Bar in 1964. On April 18, 1988, she was elevated to judge of the Orissa High Court and retired from that position on September 14, 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in/judgesret.asp|title=Odisha High Court Judges|date=|accessdate=2016-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114044157/http://www.orissahighcourt.nic.in/judgesret.asp|archive-date=14 November 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Padhi was the only woman judge to serve at the Orissa High Court until the appointment of [[Sanju Panda]] in February 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/second-lady-judge-for-orissa-hc/article1803488.ece|title=Second lady judge for Orissa HC|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 February 2007|accessdate=10 November 2016 }}</ref> There has been a demand for 50% women reservation in Odisha judiciary as against just 4.5 per cent women representation in the court.<ref>{{cite web| title=50% reservation for women as judges sought | website=The Pioneer | date=14 November 2015 | url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/state-editions/50-reservation-for-women-as-judges-sought.html | access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref>

==Family==
Padhi was the daughter of late Justice JK Mishra and the niece of the former Chief Justice and Governor of Odisha, [[Gati Krushna Mishra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://incredibleorissa.com/justice-amiya-kumari-padhi-first-woman-judge-odisha-high-court/|title=Justice Amiya Kumari Padhi First Woman Judge of Odisha High Court|date=16 September 2016|publisher=Incredible Odisha|accessdate=10 November 2016 |language=}}</ref>

She married Shyam Sundar Padhi, a three-term (1979 to 1987) [[Director General of Police]] of Odisha, who survived her. He died on January 31, 2015, at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/01/31/former-odisha-dgp-shyam-ssundar-padhi-no/|title=Former Odisha DGP Shyam Sundar Padhi is no more|publisher=Odisha Sun Times|date=31 January 2015|accessdate=10 November 2016|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110235302/http://odishasuntimes.com/2015/01/31/former-odisha-dgp-shyam-ssundar-padhi-no/|archive-date=10 November 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Together, they had two daughters and a son.<ref name="Money Control Report">{{cite web|title=Money Control Report|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/wire-news/first-woman-judgeorissa-hc-passes-away_698769.html|accessdate=2016-11-10}}</ref>

==Death==
Padhi died at the family residence on Bhaskosh Lane in [[Cuttack]] after prolonged ailment on April 30, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishatv.in/odisha/first-woman-judge-of-hc-passes-away-25691/|title=Odisha TV News Report|date= |accessdate=2016-11-09}}</ref> Her mortal remains were consigned to flames at Satichoura crematorium.<ref name = "Money Control Report"/>

In honor of Padhi's career and service to the judiciary of the state, all legal proceedings and office work at Odisha High Court was suspended after the news of her death was made public.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120503/jsp/odisha/story_15442452.jsp#.WCSgWC196os |title=Partial end to bar strike |website=www.telegraphindia.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522024159/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120503/jsp/odisha/story_15442452.jsp |archive-date=2012-05-22}}</ref>

==Memberships==
Padhi served on the Board formed under the Indian National Security Act at the Odisha High Court. She was also a member of the Ethical Committee of the [[Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar]].<ref name="The New Indian Express"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padhi, Amiya Kumari}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:People from Dhenkanal]]
[[Category:Women educators from Odisha]]
[[Category:Educators from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Judges of the Orissa High Court]]

Vikram Vij

2026-04-04T17:07:30Z

NoeMacmillan574: added first entry v1.

{{short description|Indian-born Canadian chef}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vikram Vij
| image = Vikram Vij at book launch.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Vij in 2010
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1964|12}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], Punjab, India | death_date = 
| death_place =
| partner =
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Vij's]] and Rangoli, [[Vancouver]] and My Shanti [[South Surrey]], [[British Columbia|BC]] | occupation = Restaurateur, chef, cookbook author }}

'''Vikram Vij''' (born 1964)<ref name="star">{{Cite web |last=starchefs.com |title=Vikram Vij - Biography at StarChefs.com |url=http://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/vikram-vij |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145136/http://www.starchefs.com/cook/chefs/bio/vikram-vij |archive-date=2014-04-13 |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=www.starchefs.com |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian-born Canadian chef, cookbook author, and television personality. He is the owner, of the [[Indian cuisine]] restaurants [[Vij's]] and Rangoli Restaurant in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref>[https://nationalpost.com/life/Insider+Guide+Vancouver/1690295/story.html "The Insider's Guide: Vikram Vij takes you through Vancouver"]{{dead link|date=October 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, ''[[National Post]]'', June 13, 2009.</ref><ref name="nytimes">[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/magazine/07food-t-000.html?_r=4&ref=dining "The Cheat: The Greens Party"], ''[[New York Times]]'', November 3, 2010.</ref><ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/story?id=5424627&page=1#.T8O3K8Ut11E "Bug Appetit! Insects as Ingredients"], ''[[Nightline]]'', July 23, 2008.</ref> He also owns My Shanti, a restaurant in South Surrey, British Columbia, which he closed in 2024. In 2014, Vij was announced as a new "dragon" investor on the Canadian reality show ''[[Dragons' Den (Canadian TV series)|Dragons' Den]]'' for its ninth season and departed at the end of the season.<ref name="Season 9 replacements">{{cite web|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/03/14/dragons-dens-bruce-croxon-on-his-favourite-deals-why-hes-leaving-the-den-and-whats-next/?__lsa=91ad-0504|title=Dragons' Den's Bruce Croxon on his favourite deals, why he's leaving the Den and what's next|last=Bitti|first=Mary Teresa|work=business.financialpost.com|date=March 14, 2014|access-date=March 14, 2014}}</ref>

Vikram Vij grew up in India in [[Amritsar]], Delhi and [[Bombay]].<ref name="tstar">{{Cite web |title=TheStar.com {{!}} NorthAmerica {{!}} Vancouver chef reinvents Indian food |url=https://www.thestar.com/Travel/NorthAmerica/article/689484 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906112916/https://www.thestar.com/Travel/NorthAmerica/article/689484 |archive-date=2009-09-06 |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=www.thestar.com}}</ref> In 1983, he left India to study Hotel/Motel Management in [[Salzburg]], Austria.<ref name=gb08>{{cite news |title=Cooking Indian? Ask Chef Vikram Vij |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/article694760.ece |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=Jun 25, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="dmpi">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmpibooks.com/author/vikram-vij
|title=Vikram Vij |publisher=D & M Publishers |access-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921012338/http://www.dmpibooks.com/author/vikram-vij|archive-date=2010-09-21}}
</ref> While there he received his chef's training.<ref name="tsun">{{cite web|author=Rita DeMontis ,Toronto Sun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2012/03/27/vijs-vision/ |title=Vij's vision | Eat | Life |publisher=Toronto Sun |date= 2012-03-27|access-date=2013-05-30}}</ref> Vij later became a certified [[sommelier]].<ref name="darpan">{{cite web |url=http://www.darpanmagazine.com/2010/07/the-authentic-vikram-vij/ |title=The Authentic Vikram Vij |last=Scott |first=C.G. |date=July 2010 |work=Darpan Magazine |access-date=July 26, 2012 |archive-date=August 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829042918/http://www.darpanmagazine.com/2010/07/the-authentic-vikram-vij/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==
After working in Salzburg and Vienna for a few years, Vij moved to Canada in 1989, when he joined the [[Banff Springs Hotel]], Alberta, Canada. From 1992 until 1994, Vij worked at Bishop's restaurant in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, for prominent Canadian chef John Bishop.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://enroute.aircanada.com/en/articles/a-conversation-with-chef-vikram-vij |title=A Conversation with Chef Vikram Vij |date=Oct 31, 2008 |work=enRoute |publisher=Air Canada enRoute |access-date=Jul 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506075959/http://enroute.aircanada.com/en/articles/a-conversation-with-chef-vikram-vij|archive-date=2014-05-06}}</ref><ref name="bcrhof">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcrhof.com/bio_VikramVij_2008.php |title=Active Restaurateur: Vikram Vij |last=Scharien |first=Jessica |work=British Columbia Restaurant Hall of Fame |access-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506213847/http://www.bcrhof.com/bio_VikramVij_2008.php|archive-date=2008-05-06}}</ref>

Eventually in 1994, at the age of 30 he opened a fine-dining restaurant, [[Vij's]], in Vancouver.<ref name=star/><ref name=gb08/> In the early days his parents would make the curry at their home and deliver it by bus to the restaurant.<ref name="tstar"/><ref name="canada.com">[https://archive.today/20120721142702/http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=52467af8-26a0-4d74-b3dd-96a4928afd21&sponsor= "Flavours of Vij's excellent adventure"], ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'', September 20, 2006.</ref> By 2003, [[Mark Bittman]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' was praising Vij's Restaurant as "easily among the finest Indian restaurants in the world".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/08/travel/journeys-36-hours-vancouver-british-columbia.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=JOURNEYS; 36 Hours - Vancouver, British Columbia |last=Bittman |first=Mark |date=Aug 8, 2003 |work=The New York Times |access-date=July 26, 2008}}</ref><ref name="dailydish">{{cite web|url=http://www.torontolife.com/daily/daily-dish/aprons-icons/2011/03/11/qa-with-vikram-vij-the-celebrated-vancouver-chef-on-his-successes-and-why-he-won%E2%80%99t-open-a-restaurant-in-toronto/ |title=Q&A with Vikram Vij: the celebrated Vancouver chef on his successes and why he won't open a restaurant in Toronto |last=Suen |first=Renée |date=Mar 11, 2011 |work=Toronto Life |access-date=Jul 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531041732/http://www.torontolife.com/daily/daily-dish/aprons-icons/2011/03/11/qa-with-vikram-vij-the-celebrated-vancouver-chef-on-his-successes-and-why-he-won%E2%80%99t-open-a-restaurant-in-toronto/ |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>

A decade later in 2004, Vij opened a second restaurant and market, the casual-style Rangoli.<ref name=star/><ref name=gb08/><ref name="financial">{{cite web |url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/02/06/pacific-region-entrepreneur-of-the-year/ |title=Pacific Region Entrepreneur of the Year |date=Feb 6, 2012 |work=Financial Post |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> Rangoli sells their line of pre-packaged gourmet curries named "Vij's Inspired Indian Cuisine".<ref name="Vij's Vision">{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2012/03/27/vijs-vision/ |title=Vij's Vision |last=Demontis |first=Rita |date=Mar 27, 2012 |newspaper=Toronto Sun |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> In 2011, Vij completed and opened a food processing facility to better meet retailer interest in the product line.<ref name="financial"/><ref name="SurreyNow">{{cite web |url=http://www.thenownewspaper.com/life/Celebrated+chef+gets+cooking+Surrey/5051725/story.html |title=Celebrated chef gets cooking in Surrey |work=The Now, Surrey Now |access-date=July 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709091314/http://www.thenownewspaper.com/life/Celebrated+chef+gets+cooking+Surrey/5051725/story.html |archive-date=July 9, 2011 }}</ref> The product line is sold in grocery stores across Canada.<ref name="SurreyNow"/> Foods produced at the facility are also sold at food service sites such as Whistler Mountain, Loblaws City Markets and more.

Vij has two cookbooks, Nine Candid Minutes With Star Chef & Restaurateur Vikram Vij.<ref name="Elegant">{{cite book |title=Vij's: Elegant and Inspired Indian Cuisine |last=Vij |first=Vikram |author-link=Vikram Vij |first2=Meeru |last2=Dhalwala |year=2006 |publisher= Douglas & McIntyre, D&M Publishers Inc. |location=Vancouver, Toronto, Berkeley |isbn=978-1-55365-184-0 }}</ref><ref name="honey">{{cite book |title=Vij's at Home: Relax, Honey |last=Vij |first=Vikram |author-link=Vikram Vij |first2=Meeru |last2=Dhalwala |year=2010 |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |location=Vancouver |isbn=978-1-55365-572-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781553655725 }}</ref> They published ''Vij's: Elegant and Inspired Indian Cuisine'' in 2006,<ref name=Elegant/> which won several awards in 2007, including Cuisine Canada's Gold Award for Best Cookbook and Cordon d'Or Gold Ribbon International Cookbook Award.<ref name="dmpi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmpibooks.com/event/30 |title=Indian Cuisine at the Top of the List |date=Nov 5, 2007 |publisher=D & M Publishers |access-date=July 26, 2012 |archive-date=January 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126124439/http://www.dmpibooks.com/event/30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2010, he published ''Vij's at Home: Relax Honey'',<ref name=honey/> which placed second in the Best Indian Cuisine Book in the World category at the 2010 [[Gourmand World Cookbook Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dmpibooks.com/event/265 |title=Vij's At Home Wins Silver at Gourmand World Cookbook Awards |publisher=D & M Publishers Inc. |access-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025101650/http://www.dmpibooks.com/event/265|archive-date=2012-10-25}}</ref> Vij has been an ongoing contributor to ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' since November 28, 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/vikram-vij-you-say-bastardization-i-say-evolution/article1090370/|title= Vikram Vij: You say bastardization, I say evolution |last=Vij |first=Vikram |date=Oct 28, 2007 |work=Globe and Mail |access-date=July 30, 2012}}</ref> Vikram Vij is working on a new Vijs Restaurant 2025 cookbook with his partner Jaan.

In 2012, Vij's Railway Express was launched onto the streets of Vancouver.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sheridan|first1=Mary|title=Vancouver Food Trucks: Vij's Railway Express|url=http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2012/06/vijs-food-cart-vancouver-railway-express/|website=www.VancityBuzz.com|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618225003/http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2012/06/vijs-food-cart-vancouver-railway-express/|archive-date=2012-06-18}}</ref> It is a mobile food truck serving Indian curries to people in downtown Vancouver for weekday lunch and at private catering events.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vikram|first1=Vij|title=Vijs Railway Express|url=http://www.vijsrailwayexpress.com/|website=www.vijsrailwayexpress.com|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622032231/http://www.vijsrailwayexpress.com/|archive-date=2012-06-22}}</ref>

Vij opened another restaurant, My Shanti, based in South Surrey, in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=OmniTV|url=http://www.omnitv.ca/bc/pa/videos/3642726165001/|access-date=30 January 2015|date=June 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122600/http://www.omnitv.ca/bc/pa/videos/3642726165001/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> My Shanti means "my peace" and the menu is based on Vij's culinary travels, and includes flavours, ingredients and influences from all over the world.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vikram Vij To Open Surrey Restaurant, My Shanti|url=http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2014/03/vikram-vij-surrey-restaurant-my-shanti/|access-date=30 January 2015|work=Vancity Buzz|date=June 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328201849/http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2014/03/vikram-vij-surrey-restaurant-my-shanti/|archive-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> My Shanti won Vancouver Magazine's Best Indian Restaurant in 2016. In November 2023, Vikram Vij and the management team announced the closure of My Shanti after nearly ten years of operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CzDGkForO9w/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA== |website=Instagram |access-date=6 November 2023 |title=Instagram }}</ref>

The Rangoli location on South Granville closed in May 2020, and the menu was consolidated with Vij's on Cambie due to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vij's Rangoli shuts operations in South Granville after 16 years {{!}} Dished|url=https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/vijs-rangoli-moving-operations|access-date=2020-09-27|website=dailyhive.com|date=23 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Culinary philosophy==
Chef Vikram Vij's culinary philosophy has been described as "keeping spices and cooking techniques Indian, while using meats, seafood and produce that are locally available."<ref name="Vij's Vision"/> Vij has asserted that his cuisine should not be labeled [[fusion cuisine]] as the techniques and spices used are traditional to India. Vij advocates sustainability in his kitchen practices and ingredient selection.<ref name="darpan"/> Two of their restaurants are known to have an all female kitchen staff.<ref name="nytimes"/><ref name="canada.com"/>

==Personal life==
Vikram has been in a relationship since his divorce. Vij divorced from his first wife in 2015. He enjoys travel, food, and wine tours, with two upcoming tours scheduled this year. Noted for his wine expertise, he has been featured in Sharp Magazine as a sommelier. Vikram Vij lives happily in Vancouver, British Columbia.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/restaurant-reviews/vijs-patio-is-casual-yet-excellent-if-only-its-namesake-was-around-too/article31089978/ |title = Vij's Patio is casual yet excellent. If only its namesake was around too}}</ref>

==Notable career milestones==
Vij's Restaurant was one of the twenty featured restaurants at the [[James Beard]] Annual Gala Awards 1998, in [[New York City]], and was invited to prepare dinner at the James Beard House. In 2001, Vij was invited to be a member of the prestigious gastronomic society [[Confrérie de la Chaîne des Rôtisseurs]].<ref name="bcrhof"/> In April 2012, Vij participated in the second annual Varli Food Festival at the [[Metropolitan Pavilion]] in Manhattan's Chelsea neighborhood, which was hosted by Top Chef's [[Padma Lakshmi]] and Indian celebrity chef [[Sanjeev Kapoor]]. More than 2,000 attended the festival to sample cuisine from the 60 high-profile Indian chefs including Vij.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/at-the-varli-food-festival-andhra-shrimp-and-halwa-cupcakes/ |title=At the Varli Food Festival, Andhra Shrimp and Halwa Cupcakes |last=Shivani |first=Vora |date=Apr 10, 2012 |work=New York Times Global Edition |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref>

Vij's restaurants have received numerous local awards including those from ''[[Vancouver Magazine]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s restaurant awards.<ref name="darpan"/><ref name="bcrhof"/> In 1999, Vij's Restaurant was listed in the top five Vancouver restaurants in [[Gourmet (magazine)|''Gourmet'' magazine]]'s annual restaurant awards, as well as receiving Chef of the Year from Vancouver Magazine in 2015.<ref name="bcrhof"/> Vij himself received an [[Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award|Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award]] for the Pacific region in hospitality and tourism in 2011.<ref name="financial"/>

Vij's Restaurant has been featured in a variety of North American television broadcasts and publications, including [[Flavour Network|Food Network Canada]], [[CNN]], ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ''[[Travel + Leisure]]'', ''[[Food & Wine]]'', ''[[Bon Appétit]]'', [[Sunset (magazine)|''Sunset'' magazine]], and ''Art Culinaire''.<ref name="bcrhof"/> [[Omni Television]] made a documentary titled ''A Day In The Life of… Vij's'', giving an intimate portrait of Vij and Dhalwala, and a behind the scene look at Vij's Restaurant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.omnibc.ca/programming/languagedocs/details.php?id=95 |title=A Day In The Life Of... Vij's |work=OMNI |publisher=Rogers Communications |type=documentary |access-date=July 26, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Vij was featured on ''At the Table With'', a [[Flavour Network|Food Network Canada]] series, in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foodnetwork.ca/ontv/shows/At-The-Table-With/episode.html?titleid=111987&episodeid=115489 |title=At the Table With…Vikram Vij |work=FoodNetwork.ca |publisher=Shaw Media Inc. |type=television series |access-date=July 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402124216/http://www.foodnetwork.ca/ontv/shows/at-the-table-with/episode.html?titleid=111987&episodeid=115489 |archive-date=April 2, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1961949/
|title=At the Table with…Vikram Vij |date=Oct 21, 2008 |work=IMDb |type=data base |access-date=July 26, 2012}}
</ref> The same year Vij's Rangoli was a subject of [[Anthony Bourdain]]'s ''[[Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations|No Reservations]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.film.com/tv/no-reservations-bourdains-vancouver-is-a-cool-city |title=No Reservations: Bourdain's Vancouver is a Cool City |last=Hinkel |first=Joanne |date=Jan 23, 2008 |work=Film.com |publisher=MTV Networks |access-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405173127/http://www.film.com/tv/no-reservations-bourdains-vancouver-is-a-cool-city|archive-date=2011-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelchannel.com/tv-shows/anthony-bourdain/episodes/vancouver |title=Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations: Vancouver |work=Travel Channel |type=television series |access-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117095653/http://www.travelchannel.com/tv-shows/anthony-bourdain/episodes/vancouver|archive-date=2011-11-17}}</ref> Vij made his famous lamb popsicles for [[Giada De Laurentiis]] when she visited Vij's Restaurant on her [[Food Network]] series ''[[Giada's Weekend Getaways]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.foodnetwork.com/giadas-weekend-getaways/vancouver/index.html |title=Giada's Weekend Getaways:Vancouver |work=FoodNetwork.com |type=television series |access-date=July 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330120253/http://www.foodnetwork.com/giadas-weekend-getaways/vancouver/index.html|archive-date=2011-03-30}}</ref> Vij was a guest judge on ''[[Top Chef Canada]]'' in 2011, and was invited back for the 2012 season.<ref name="Vij's Vision"/> He was also the guest of honour in a 2013 Top Chef Canada episode dedicated to Indian cuisine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Chef Canada to Feature Vikram Vij & Indian Cuisine|url=http://www.curvecommunications.com/2013/05/top-chef-canada-to-feature-vikram-vij-indian-cuisine/|website=Curve Communications|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152713/http://www.curvecommunications.com/2013/05/top-chef-canada-to-feature-vikram-vij-indian-cuisine/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> That episode also featured the Vij's At Home packaged foods, which were sampled by the contestants. He was also a judge on the first ever Chopped Canada show, which premiered on Food Network Canada in January 2014 and he appeared weekly on CBC's Recipe to Riches, which began in February 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jermyn|first1=Diane|title=Vikram Vij: 'I have to learn to calm down if something isn't perfect'|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/small-business/sb-growth/success-stories/vikram-vij-dont-run-after-money-or-fame-do-what-youre-passionate-about/article17588837/?page=all|access-date=30 January 2015|work=The Globe and Mail|date=March 21, 2014}}</ref>

In June 2011, the BC Food Processors Association honoured Vij with the Rising Star Award.<ref>{{cite web|title=Competitor Awarded BC Food Processors Association Rising Star Award|url=http://www.newventuresbc.com/2014/07/tait-labs-awarded-rising-star-award/|website=New Ventures BC|access-date=30 January 2015|date=2014-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714092620/http://www.newventuresbc.com/2014/07/tait-labs-awarded-rising-star-award/|archive-date=2014-07-14}}</ref> Vij's Railway Express, based on the chef's travels by rail throughout India, was awarded the inaugural People's Choice Award from Air Canada's enRoute Magazine, as Canada's Best New Restaurant in 2013.<ref name="The People's Choice Awards">{{cite web|title=The People's Choice Awards|url=http://enroute.aircanada.com/canadas-best-new-restaurants-2013/winner/|website=Enroute Air Canada|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031115217/http://enroute.aircanada.com/canadas-best-new-restaurants-2013/winner/|archive-date=2013-10-31}}</ref>

In March 2013, Vij hosted the world's first ever live-streamed cook-along, Cook Live With Vikram Vij. As part of Vij's goal, to make Indian cuisine accessible to all, people were encouraged to join him live online and cook a family meal at the same time, taking instruction from an award-winning chef. They were able to Tweet questions and photos as the curry was being prepared.<ref>{{cite web|author=Stella|title=Cook Live with Vikram Vij|url=http://www.foodjunkiechronicles.net/2013/02/cook-live-with-vikram-vij.html|website=Food Junkie Chronicles}}</ref>

My Shanti was listed as number one in the Globe and Mail's Top 10 New Vancouver Restaurants of 2014<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gill|first1=Alexandra|title=Top 10 new Vancouver restaurants of 2014|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/restaurant-reviews/top-10-vancouver-restaurants-of-2014/article22038072/|access-date=30 January 2015|work=The Globe and Mail|date=Dec 12, 2014}}</ref> and one of the Vancouver Sun's Best New Restaurants for 2014.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stainsby|first1=Mia|title=Weekend extra: Surrey's My Shanti sparkles among new restaurants for 2014|url=https://vancouversun.com/life/Weekend+extra+Surrey+Shanti+sparkles+among+restaurants+2014/10715716/story.html|access-date=30 January 2015|work=Vancouver Sun|date=January 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117042234/https://vancouversun.com/life/Weekend+extra+Surrey+Shanti+sparkles+among+restaurants+2014/10715716/story.html|archive-date=2015-01-17}}</ref> My Shanti also won Vancouver Magazine's Best Indian Restaurant in 2016.

Within weeks of opening, My Shanti received a nomination from Air Canada's ''enRoute Magazine'' as one of Canada's Best New Restaurants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eatandvote.com/|title=Peoples Choice Awards|website=Eat and Vote|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808231319/http://eatandvote.com/|archive-date=2013-08-08}}</ref> It is the second year in a row a Vij's establishment has been nominated, having won the People's Choice award in 2013 with Vij's Railway Express.<ref name="The People's Choice Awards"/>

In October 2014, Vij made his debut as a Dragon on CBC's ''[[Dragons' Den (Canadian TV series)|Dragons' Den]]'' and departed at the end of the season. He took his place in the Den alongside entrepreneurs [[Jim Treliving]], [[Arlene Dickinson]], [[David Chilton (businessman)|David Chilton]] and [[Michael Wekerle]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lederman|first1=Marsha|title=Out of the kitchen and into the Dragons' Den for Vikram Vij|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/food-and-wine/food-trends/out-of-the-kitchen-and-into-the-dragons-den-for-vikram-vij/article21089804/|access-date=30 January 2015|work=The Glove and Mail|date=Oct 14, 2014}}</ref>

In 2015, Vij was one of the recipients of the Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Awards presented by [[Canadian immigrant magazine|Canadian Immigrant Magazine]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canadas Top 25 Immigrants 2015|url=https://canadianimmigrant.ca/canadas-top-25-immigrants/canadas-top-25-immigrants-2015|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Canadian Immigrant|language=en-US}}</ref>

In June 2015, Vikram Vij was awarded honorary Doctorates of Law by Simon Fraser University and in May 2016 they were honoured to receive honorary Doctorates of Law from the University of British Columbia.<ref name="The Georgia Straight">{{Cite web | url=https://www.straight.com/blogra/471146/judy-graves-dons-cap-and-gown-after-lifetime-service-city |title = Judy Graves dons a cap and gown after a lifetime of service to the city|date = 2015-06-15}}</ref>

==Advocacy and industry contribution==
Vij is a passionate supporter of the [[sustainable food systems|sustainable food]] industry. He has championed many causes such as the [[Vancouver Aquarium]]'s Ocean Wise Sustainable Seafood Program.<ref name="Vij's Vision"/> He has been involved with Farm Folk City Folk and was past president and active member of The Chef's Table Society of British Columbia. He is also part of the Green Table Society<ref name="Vij's Vision"/> and is involved in UBC Farm fundraisers. Vij's dedication to the work done at UBC resulted in the funding and opening of Vij's Kitchen, a state-of-the-art culinary learning facility at the University of British Columbia, dedicated to teaching the chefs and nutritionists of the future about ethnic food and cuisine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vikram Vij launches 'Vij's Kitchen' at University of British Columbia|url=http://www.restaurantcentral.ca/VikramVijVijsKitchen.aspx|website=Restaurant Central|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131940/http://www.restaurantcentral.ca/VikramVijVijsKitchen.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> In 2010, Vij and fellow British Columbian chef, Robert Clark, spearheaded the 2nd Canadian Chefs' Congress on [[Vancouver Island]], [[British Columbia]], with the theme of "Oceans for Tomorrow".<ref name="dmpi"/> Vikram Vij has been donating to the Women's Eastside Vancouver Shelter because it is such an incredible cause. Vij is active in the Vancouver, Indo-Canadian arts and cultural community. He was a special guest and host at the 2011 Indian Summer Festival.<ref name="SurreyNow"/><ref name="flavour">{{cite web |url=https://vancouversun.com/life/Vikram+ready+share+flavours+India+Indian+Summer+festival/5054768/story.html|title= Vikram Vij ready to share the flavours of India at Indian Summer festival |last=Stainsby |first=Mia |date=Jul 5, 2011 |work=Vancouver Sun |access-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713201906/https://vancouversun.com/life/Vikram+ready+share+flavours+India+Indian+Summer+festival/5054768/story.html|archive-date=2011-07-13}}</ref> The festival was a celebration of the Indian community's cultural contributions, the 125th anniversary of Vancouver, and the federal government's declaration of 2011 as "The Year of India in Canada".<ref name="SurreyNow"/><ref name="flavour"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://vimeo.com/26284847 |title= Vikram Vij & Indian Summer Festival featured on Global BC - Weekend Morning News |last=Murray |first=Laura |work=Vimeo |access-date=July 26, 2012}}</ref> At the event he partnered with percussionist [[Ashwin Sood]], blending the sounds and flavours of India.<ref name="flavour"/> In 2012, Vij again was featured in the festival, this time leading a "culinary tour of India" at the opening gala.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.theprovince.com/2012/07/06/indian-summer-celebrations/ |title= Indian Summer Celebrations |last=Tales from a Bar Stool |date=Jul 6, 2012 |work=The Province |access-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708001714/http://blogs.theprovince.com/2012/07/06/indian-summer-celebrations/|archive-date=2012-07-08}}</ref> In addition, Vij supports the Vancouver International Bhangra Celebration Society. He hosted the organization's "Storyteller's Gala", held at the [[Museum of Vancouver]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asianjournal.ca/sep%2023_11/ot_head6.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130120200804/http://www.asianjournal.ca/sep%2023_11/ot_head6.html |archive-date=January 20, 2013 |title=Vibc Society's Fundraising Gala To Be Hosted By Indian Cuisine Chef Vikram Vij |date=Sep 23, 2007 |work=Asian Journal |access-date=July 26, 2012 }}</ref> Vij has twice led small groups on educational food trips to India, which involved visiting homes of local cooks and chefs. He led the tour in northern India the first year, southern India the second.<ref name="flavour"/>

==Bibliography==
* ''Vij's: Elegant and Inspired Indian Cuisine''. Douglas & McIntyre, 2006. {{ISBN|1-55365-184-7}}.
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_tSDXV2ay_wC Vij's at Home: Relax, Honey: The Warmth and Ease of Indian Cooking]''. Douglas & McIntyre, 2011. {{ISBN|1-55365-572-9}}.
* ''Vij A Chef's One-way Ticket to Canada With Indian Spices in His Suitcase.'' Penguin Canada, 2017 {{ISBN|978-0-670-06950-7}}.

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110531041732/http://www.torontolife.com/daily/daily-dish/aprons-icons/2011/03/11/qa-with-vikram-vij-the-celebrated-vancouver-chef-on-his-successes-and-why-he-won%E2%80%99t-open-a-restaurant-in-toronto/ Q&A with Vikram Vij: the celebrated Vancouver chef.] ''[[Toronto Life]]''

==External links==
* [http://www.vijs.ca/ Vij's website]
* {{IMDb name |3445375}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vij, Vikram}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Vancouver]]
[[Category:Canadian restaurateurs]]
[[Category:Canadian television chefs]]
[[Category:Chefs of Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Canadian cookbook writers]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Participants in Canadian reality television series]]
[[Category:Writers from Vancouver]]
[[Category:Canadian venture capitalists]]
[[Category:Indian chefs]]
[[Category:Chefs from Vancouver]]
[[Category:Dragons' Den]]

Arati Prabhakar

2026-04-01T20:09:54Z

NoeMacmillan574: added a info

{{short description|American engineer (born 1959)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arati Prabhakar
| image = Arati Prabhakar, OSTP Director.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2024
| office = 12th Director of the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]]
| president = [[Joe Biden]]
| term_start = October 3, 2022
| term_end = January 20, 2025
| predecessor = [[Eric Lander]]
| successor = [[Michael Kratsios]]
| office1 = 22nd [[Science Advisor to the President]]
| president1 = Joe Biden
| term_start1 = October 3, 2022
| term_end1 = January 20, 2025
| predecessor1 = [[Francis Collins]] (acting)
| successor1 = [[Michael Kratsios]]
| office2 = 20th Director of the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]
| president2 = [[Barack Obama]]
| term_start2 = July 30, 2012
| term_end2 = January 20, 2017
| predecessor2 = [[Regina E. Dugan]]
| successor2 = Steven Walker
| office3 = 10th Director of the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]
| president3 = [[Bill Clinton]]
| term_start3 = 1993
| term_end3 = 1997
| predecessor3 = John Lyons
| successor3 = Raymond Kammer
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|2|2}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse =
| children = 2
| citizenship = India (1959–67) United States (1967–present)
| education = [[Texas Tech University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]]) [[California Institute of Technology]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
|module = {{Infobox scientist
|embed = yes
|fields = [[Applied physics]]
|workplaces = [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] [[U.S. Venture Partners]] [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]
|thesis_title = Investigation of Deep Level Defects in Semiconductor Material Systems
|thesis_url = https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06212004-160535
|thesis_year = 1985
|doctoral_advisor = Thomas McGill}}
|module2 = {{Listen
|pos = center
|embed = yes
|filename = Arati Prabhakar speaks on the role of technical experience within a governmental role.ogg
|title = Prabhakar's voice
|type = speech
|description = Prabhakar on the role of technical experience within a governmental position Recorded July 20, 2022}}
}}

'''Arati Prabhakar''' (born February 2, 1959) is an American engineer and public official. From October 3, 2022 to January 20, 2025, she served as the 12th director of the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy|White House Office of Science and Technology Policy]] ("OSTP") (aka the [[Science Advisor to the President]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=White House unveils 'AI bill of rights' as 'call to action' to rein in tool|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/10/04/white-house-unveils-ai-bill-rights-call-action-rein-tool/|website=washingtonpost.com|access-date=2022-10-05}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Senate Confirms Prabhakar to Lead White House Science Office|url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/health-law-and-business/senate-confirms-prabhakar-to-lead-white-house-science-office|website=bloomberglaw.com|access-date=2022-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aamc.org/news/press-releases/aamc-statement-nomination-arati-prabhakar-phd-be-white-house-science-advisor-and-director-office|title=AAMC Statement on the Nomination of Arati Prabhakar, PhD, to be White House Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy|website=AAMC}}</ref> in other administrations). Via her service as OSTP Director, she also served in the [[Cabinet of the United States|President's cabinet]].

From 1993 to 1997, Prabhakar served as the 10th Director of the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST), the first woman to hold the position.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |last=Holusha |first=John |date=1993-08-01 |title=Profile/Arati Prabhakar; She's Not Just Setting Standards |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/01/business/profile-arati-prabhakar-she-s-not-just-setting-standards.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |accessdate=2012-08-25}}</ref><ref>Gibbs, W. W. (1995) ''Profile: Arati Prabhakar – Engineering the Future'', [[Scientific American]] '''272'''(4), 44–48.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=16 March 2010 |title=Directors of the National Bureau of Standards (1901–1988) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (1988–present) |url=https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/factsheet/directors.cfm |journal=NIST |accessdate=2012-08-30}}</ref> Prabhakar served as 20th Director of [[DARPA]] (United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) from 2012 to 2017. In 2019, she founded and became CEO of Actuate,<ref>Unorthodox Philanthropy [https://www.unorthodoxphilanthropy.org/arati.html Arati Prabhakar, Actuate].</ref> a data-focused nonprofit organization.

==Early life and education==
Prabhakar's family immigrated to the United States from [[New Delhi|New Delhi, India]], when she was three;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/delhi-born-arati-prabhakar-us-defense-advanced-research-projects-agency-109110-2012-07-11|title=Delhi-born Arati Prabhakar is new head of US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency|first=Manoj|last=Joshi|work=[[India Today]]|date=2012-07-12|access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref> her mother was seeking an advanced degree in social work in Chicago. Prabhakar grew up in [[Lubbock, Texas]], from age ten.<ref name="wired">{{cite magazine |last=Shachtman |first=Noah |date=2012-07-10 |title=Exclusive: Darpa Gets a New Boss, and Solyndra Is in Her Past |url=https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/07/darpa-solyndra/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |accessdate=2012-08-25}}</ref><ref name="nyt"/> Her mother encouraged her to pursue a doctorate from a very early age.<ref>{{cite news|title=Family Expectations Spawn Successful Careers|first=Katherine|last=Olstein|work=IEEE SSCS News|publisher=[[IEEE]]|date=Spring 2008|pages=34–35|doi=10.1109/N-SSC.2008.4785747}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eas.caltech.edu/engenious/eight/alumni_prabhakar|title=Alumni Profile: Arati Prabhakar|year=2011|work=Engenious|publisher=[[UC Berkeley College of Engineering]]|accessdate=2012-08-25|archive-date=2014-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016014829/http://www.eas.caltech.edu/engenious/eight/alumni_prabhakar|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1979, she obtained a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] degree in electrical engineering from [[Texas Tech University]] in Lubbock, Texas.<ref name="eere">{{cite web|url=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/eere_advisory_committee/pdfs/erac_arati_prabhakar.pdf |title=Dr. Arati Prabhakar |work=Efficiency & Renewables Advisory Committee |publisher=[[United States Department of Energy]] |accessdate=2012-08-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925042746/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/eere_advisory_committee/pdfs/erac_arati_prabhakar.pdf |archivedate=2012-09-25 }}</ref> She earned an [[Master of Science|M.S.]] degree in electrical engineering in 1980 and a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in applied physics in 1984, both from the [[California Institute of Technology]].<ref name="wired"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/nii/Prabhakar.html|title=Dr. Arati Prabhakar|work=The National Information Infrastructure: Agenda for Action|publisher=[[ibiblio]]|accessdate=2012-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/distinguishedasi00kimh|url-access=registration|quote=Arati Prabhakar 1959.|title=Distinguished Asian Americans: A Biographical Dictionary|first=Hyung-Chan|last=Kim|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1999|isbn=978-0313289026|pages=[https://archive.org/details/distinguishedasi00kimh/page/289 289]–292}}</ref><ref name="thesis-prabhakar-1985">{{cite thesis |url=https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06212004-160535 |title=Investigation of deep level defects in semiconductor material systems |date=1985 |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]] |type=Ph.D. |last=Prabhakar |first=Arati |oclc=31089816 |id={{ProQuest|303375005}} |doi=10.7907/BNQT-B222}}</ref> She was the first woman to earn a PhD in applied physics from Caltech.<ref name = "nyt" />

==Career==
After receiving her PhD, she went to [[Washington, D.C.]], on a 1984 to 1986 congressional fellowship with the [[Office of Technology Assessment]].<ref name="eere"/> Prabhakar subsequently worked at DARPA from 1986 to 1993, initially as a program manager but later as founding director of DARPA's [[Microelectronics Technology Office]].<ref name="wired"/>

At the age of 34, Prabhakar was appointed as head of the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST), a position she held from 1993 to 1997.<ref name="wired"/><ref name="nyt"/> After NIST, she was the [[Chief Technology Officer]] and senior vice president of [[Raychem]] from 1997 to 1998.<ref name="darpa">{{cite web|url=http://www.darpa.mil/About/Leadership/Director_Bio_Dr_Arati_Prabhakar.aspx |title=Arati Prabhakar |publisher=[[DARPA]] |accessdate=2012-08-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806041730/http://www.darpa.mil/About/Leadership/Director_Bio_Dr_Arati_Prabhakar.aspx |archivedate=2012-08-06 }}</ref><ref name="li">{{cite web|url=http://www.linkedin.com/pub/arati-prabhakar/7/673/a36|title=Arati Prabhakar|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|accessdate=2012-08-25}}</ref> She was then the vice president and later president of [[Interval Research Corporation|Interval Research]] from 1998 to 2000.<ref name="darpa"/><ref name="li"/>

She joined [[U.S. Venture Partners]] from 2001 to 2011, focusing on investment in [[green technology]] and [[information technology]] startups.<ref name="wired"/> On July 30, 2012, she became the head of [[DARPA]], replacing [[Regina E. Dugan]].<ref name="wired"/> She left DARPA in January 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicholas |first=Scott |date=2017-12-29 |title=DARPA Appoints Steven Walker Full-Time Director |url=https://executivegov.com/2017/12/darpa-appoints-steven-walker-full-time-director/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |language=en-US |quote="He succeeds Arati Prabhakar, who left DARPA in January and now serves as a fellow at Stanford University's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences..."}}</ref>

Prabhakar was a Fellow at the [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] (CASBS) at Stanford 2017–18.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://casbs.stanford.edu/people/arati-prabhakar|title=Arati Prabhakar {{!}} Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences|website=casbs.stanford.edu|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> In 2019, she started Actuate, a nonprofit organization focused on issues including climate change and chronic diseases.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Southwick |first=Ron |date=2022-06-27 |title=How Biden's nominee for science adviser would make history |url=https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/how-biden-s-nominee-for-science-adviser-would-make-history |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=OncLive |language=en}}</ref>

=== Biden Administration ===
In 2022, Prabhakar was appointed by President [[Joe Biden]] as Director of the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy|White House Office of Science and Technology Policy]] (OSTP) and Science and Technology Advisor to the President,<ref name=":1" /> replacing [[Eric Lander]] upon his departure.

This made her the first woman and person of color to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate as the Director of the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy|White House Office of Science and Technology Policy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elements.lbl.gov/news/prabhakar-confirmed-to-head-white-house-ostp/|title=Prabhakar Confirmed to Head White House OSTP – Elements for Berkeley Lab|date=September 27, 2022|website=Elements}}</ref> and the first woman and first person of color to be the top science and technology advisor to the President.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/news/world/arati-prabhakar-indian-origin-physicist-set-to-become-joe-biden-science-adviser-know-about-her-in-details-1537321|title=Who is Arati Prabhakar? Indian-Origin Physicist Set To Become US President's Science Adviser|date=June 14, 2022|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

Prabhakar was among Biden's top advisors on matters regarding [[artificial intelligence]] (AI) regulation, where she has endorsed AI safeguards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=White House science adviser calls for more safeguards against artificial intelligence risks |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-artificial-intelligence-ai-safeguards-arati-prabhakar-a0fbc6d6adbf5ccc3c439eab7faddb92 |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> Under her leadership, OSTP contributed to improving health outcomes with the Biden Cancer Moonshot,<ref>Alltucker, Ken (8 March 2024) [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2024/03/08/biden-cancer-moonshot-expands-sotu/72885977007/ "Biden's Cancer Moonshot is expanding: New patient navigators, insurance coverage"]</ref> promoting research and strategies to address climate and nature, and strengthening federally funded research and development.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Levy|first=Steven|date=1 May 2024|title=Meet the Woman Who Showed President Biden ChatGPT—and Helped Set the Course for AI |url=https://www.wired.com/story/arati-prabhakar-ostp-biden-science-tech-adviser/ |magazine=WIRED|location= |publisher= |access-date= 8 February 2025}}</ref><ref>Biden White House Archives [https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ostp/news-updates/2024/08/01/ostp-climate-environment-leaders-emphasize-key-role-of-nature-in-u-s-federal-policy/ "OSTP Climate & Environment Leaders Emphasize Key Role of Nature in U.S. Federal Policy"] August 1, 2024.</ref>

=== Amicus brief ===
On July 25, 2025, Prabhakar filed an amicus brief<ref>[https://www.brennancenter.org/media/14193/download/arati-prabhakar-amicus-brief.pdf?inline=1 Brief for Amicus Curiae Dr. Arati Prabhakar in support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance]</ref> in the case of ''New York v. Trump'' (25–1236 and 25-1314),<ref>''Court Listener'' [https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/69720767/state-of-new-york-v-trump/ New York v. Trump (25-1236)]</ref> the case brought by 23 attorneys general and the governor of Kentucky against the Trump administration’s federal funding freezes and grant cancellations. Many of the plaintiffs and amicus filers challenged the authority of the president to redirect Congressionally appropriated funds. Prabhakar’s brief details the lasting harms that the freeze will have on the efforts of scientific researchers who innovate for the nation’s health, security, and economy.<ref>Brennan Center for Justice [https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/annotated-guide-amicus-briefs-new-york-v-trump-funding-freeze-case#:~:text=This%20brief%20from%20engineer,counsel%20for%20this%20brief. Annotated Guide to the Amicus Briefs in the New York v. Trump Funding Freeze Case: Arati Prabhakar] July 30, 2025.</ref> It further warns that the freeze has created lasting damage to the United States’ status as a leader in scientific innovation, weakening the nation’s pipeline of scientists and engineers and depriving Americans of future scientific advancements.

==Awards and memberships==
Prabhakar was a University of California Berkeley Executive Fellow in Applied Technology Policy in 2025,<ref>US Berkeley School of Information [https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/news/2025/commencement-speaker-and-executive-fellow-arati-prabhakar-encourages-graduates-live-bold Commencement Speaker and Executive Fellow Arati Prabhakar Encourages Graduates To Live “Bold” and Build a Greater Future] May 27, 2025.</ref> and delivered the 2025 commencement address for UC Berkeley’s School of Information.

Prabhakar is a member of the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] and was named [[IEEE Fellow]] in 1997 for "leadership in partnering between industry and government to promote economic growth through the development of manufacturing technologies for semiconductor devices".<ref name="darpa"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/women.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407141944/http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/women.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 7, 2010|title=Women Fellows|publisher=[[IEEE]]|accessdate=2012-08-25}}</ref> She is a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nae.edu/149826/Dr-Arati-Prabhakar|title=Dr. Arati Prabhakar|website=NAE Website|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> She has also been named a [[Texas Tech University|Texas Tech]] Distinguished Engineer and a Distinguished Alumna of [[California Institute of Technology]].<ref name="darpa"/>

She was a member of the governing board for the [[Pew Research Center]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/about/our-governing-board/|title=Our Governing Board|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> and a member of the U.S. National Academies' Science Technology and Economic Policy Board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/step/PGA_043840|title=Membership|website=sites.nationalacademies.org|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref> She was a member of the board of directors of [[SRI International]] in 2012,<ref name="sri">{{cite news|url=http://www.sri.com/newsroom/press-releases/dr-arati-prabhakar-joins-sri-international-board-directors|title=Dr. Arati Prabhakar Joins SRI International Board of Directors|publisher=[[SRI International]]|date=2012-03-26|accessdate=2012-03-25|archive-date=2012-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703072942/http://www.sri.com/newsroom/press-releases/dr-arati-prabhakar-joins-sri-international-board-directors|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was also a member of the [[U.S. National Academies]]' Science Technology and Economic Policy Board and the [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] Advisory Board at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].<ref name="darpa"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://staging.theinstitute.ieee.org/people/achievements/achievements-august-2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415014751/http://staging.theinstitute.ieee.org/people/achievements/achievements-august-2012|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 15, 2013|title=Achievements: August 2012|work=The Institute|publisher=[[IEEE]]|date=2012-08-27|accessdate=2012-08-25}}</ref>

Prabhakar is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Notable Women in Computing| url = http://www.cs.duke.edu/csed/wikipedia/cards.html}}</ref>

In 2024, [[Time (magazine)|TIME magazine]] listed Prabhakar among 100 most influential people in AI.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Booth|first= Harry|date= 5 September 2024 |title=Arati Prabhakar|url=https://time.com/7012807/arati-prabhakar/|magazine=TIME100 AI 2024 |location= |publisher=TIME magazine |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
*[https://repository.aip.org/node/129400 Interview of Arati Prabhakar by David Zierler on August 11, 2020, Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics, College Park, MD USA]
*{{C-SPAN|70529}}

{{s-start}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Director of the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]|years=1993–1997}}
{{s-aft|after=Raymond Kammer}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Regina E. Dugan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Director of the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]|years=2012–2017}}
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{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Alondra Nelson]] Acting}}
{{s-ttl|title=Director of the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]]|years=2022–2025}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Francis Collins]] Acting}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Science Advisor to the President]]|years=2022–2025}}
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{{Biden cabinet}}
{{DARPA |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhakar, Arati}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century American women engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century American women civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century American engineers]]
[[Category:21st-century American women engineers]]
[[Category:American electrical engineers]]
[[Category:American scientists of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Biden administration cabinet members]]
[[Category:California Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:DARPA directors]]
[[Category:Directors of the Office of Science and Technology Policy]]
[[Category:Directors of SRI International]]
[[Category:Engineers from Texas]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of the United States of Asian descent]]
[[Category:NIST Directors]]
[[Category:People from Lubbock, Texas]]
[[Category:People from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Texas Tech University alumni]]
[[Category:Women members of the Cabinet of the United States]]
[[Category:American women electrical engineers]]

Bauddhayan Mukherji

2026-04-01T14:22:28Z

NoeMacmillan574:

{{short description|Indian film director (born 1973)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
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| name = Bauddhayan Mukherji
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| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1973|6|1}}
| birth_place = India
| other_names = Buddy
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| alma_mater = [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata|South Point School]]
| occupation = Filmmaker
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| organization = Little Lamb Films
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'''Bauddhayan Mukherji,''' aka 'Buddy' (born 1 June 1973), is a [[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film|National Award-winning]] (2019) Indian filmmaker based in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bauddhayans-teenkahon-is-spread-over-a-100-years/articleshow/48909947.cms|title=Bauddhayan's Teenkahon is spread over a 100 years|publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

He is the co-founder of "Little Lamb Films" along with his wife Monalisa, which has produced three feature films - ''[[Teenkahon]]'', ''The Violin Player'' and ''[[The Cloud and the Man|Manikbabur Megh (The Cloud & The Man)]],'' besides one documentary short, ''Kiske Liye (Who Is This Women's Day For?)''.

His forthcoming films include ''Marichjhapi'' and ''The Bookkeeper's Wife''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/asia/busan-india-adil-hussain-boards-project-marichjhapi-1203362440/#!|title=Busan: India's Adil Hussain Boards APM Project 'Marichjhapi'|publisher=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

== Personal life==
Bauddhayan Mukherji, popularly known as Buddy, is an Indian filmmaker known for his advertising films and indie features. He was born and brought up in Kolkata. His father, Banaj Mukherji, was a poet, while his mother Mira Mukherji, was a school teacher.

At 11, he was gifted a copy of the book "[[Ekei Bole Shooting]]" (All About Shooting) written by [[Satyajit Ray]]. The book changed his life, and Bauddhayan decided to become a filmmaker.

He studied in [[South Point School]] and later [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]], where he majored in Economics. Later, he studied at the Clarion College of Communication, eastern India's first advertising college. Bauddhayan lives in Mumbai with his wife Monalisa and daughter Aarsha.

==Professional life==
Bauddhayan Mukherji's work life began with [[Shyamanand Jalan]]'s Kolkata-based production house Audio Visual Arts, and later he joined Black Magic Motion Pictures, where he joined as the assistant director but rose up the ranks to become a partner of the company. He was part of the team that created [[Patalghar]] (The Underground Chamber), the cult Bengali film in 2002.

Today, Bauddhayan runs his own production house called Little Lamb Films, which he founded with his wife Monalisa in 2007 and is considered a path breaker in Indian advertising filmmaking. He has directed more than 400 TVCs and has helped create brands like [[Procter & Gamble]], [[Nokia]], [[Unilever]], [[Honda]], [[GlaxoSmithKline]], [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coke]], [[Colgate (toothpaste)|Colgate]], [[Heinz]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], and [[Hyundai Motor Company]], to name a few.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lahiri, Srabana |title=The art of storytelling doesn't change|url=https://www.impactonnet.com/amp/spotlight/the-art-of-story-telling-doesnt-change-bauddhayan-mukherji-6911.html|access-date=18 July 2020|publisher=Impact on Net}}</ref>

In 2010, Bauddhayan directed the [[Bell Bajao]] campaign for Breakthrough, which went on to win the prestigious Silver Lion at Cannes – the Oscars of advertising films. He also became the first Indian filmmaker to win two back-to-back One Show merits at New York and Spikes Asia Golds at Singapore. In 2015, the Haathipaon Mukt Bharat (Filaria Free India) campaign for the [[Sabin Vaccine Institute]] landed him with another Silver Lion at Cannes Health.

In 2013, Bauddhayan ventured into feature films and over the last few years has directed two of India's most awarded and internationally acclaimed indies under the banner of Little Lamb Films – Teenkahon (2014, Bengali, available on [[Amazon Prime]]) & The Violin Player (2016, Hindi, available on [[Netflix]]). These films have been screened at more than 85 film festivals across five continents. In 2015, Bauddhayan went on to win the [[Aravindan Puraskaram]], an award by the [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]] for the Best Debutant Director in the country, for Teenkahon. The Violin Player also became the first Indian film ever to be represented by the French Sales Agents, Alpha Violet.

In 2021, Bauddhayan won his first National Award for The Shower - a PSA on the rural-urban water inequality for Unilever, India. The Shower became the first Indian advertisement film to win the National Award. It won the Best Promotional Film in the non-feature film category at the 67th National Film Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/advertising-news/winning-the-national-award-made-up-for-the-feeling-of-not-winning-at-cannes-111878.html|title = 'Winning the National Award made up for the feeling of not winning at Cannes' - Exchange4media}}</ref>

Marichjhapi, his next directorial venture for Little Lamb Films, has already created a buzz in the international co-production market when it was chosen to represent India at the prestigious Asian Project Market at Busan 2019 and [[Cinéfondation]] L'Atelier at the Cannes Film Festival 2020. One of Bauddhayan's forthcoming directorial projects, The Bookkeeper's Wife, was part of the Co-production Market at Film Bazaar 2020 and the Torino Film Lab NXT, 2021.

==Festival circuit==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Release !! Film !! Producer!! Director !! Festival !! Category !! Accolade !! Year!! class="unsortable" | Ref
|-
! rowspan=2|2023
|rowspan=2|Marichjhapi (feature) || rowspan="2" | Monalisa Mukherji
| rowspan="2" |{{U2713}}||[[Cannes Film Festival]] || Cinefondation's L'Atelier program || Official Selection || 2020||<ref>{{cite news|author=Datta, Namrata|title=Indian filmmaker Bauddhayan Mukherji chosen for L'Atelier programme|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/indian-filmmaker-bauddhayan-mukherji-chosen-for-latelier-programme/article31032126.ece|access-date=23 June 2020|work=The Hindu|date=10 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Ghosh, Sankha|title=Bauddhayan Mukherji and his 'Marichjhapi' to travel to Cannes
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bauddhayan-mukherji-and-his-marichjhapi-to-travel-to-cannes/articleshow/74593414.cms
|access-date=23 June 2020|publisher=Times of India|date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Busan International Film Festival]] || Asian Project Market program ||Official Selection || 2019||<ref>{{cite news|author=Shackleton, Liz|title=Busan's Asian Project Market unveils selection of 29 projects|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/busans-asian-project-market-unveils-selection-of-29-projects/5141810.article |access-date=16 July 2020|publisher=Screen Daily|date=8 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Nakhwa, Rutwij|title=Suman Ghosh and Bauddhayan Mukherji's new films at Busan's Asian Project Market |url=https://www.onglobalscreens.com/spotlight/busan-apm-2019 |access-date=16 July 2020|publisher=On Global Screens|date=16 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=8|2018
|rowspan=8| Who Is This Women's Day For? (aka Kiske Liye; documentary) || rowspan="8" | {{U2713}} || rowspan=8 | Monalisa Mukherji || Anatolia International Film Festival || || {{nom}} || 2020||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anatoliafilmfestival.com/NOMINEES/ |title=International Anatolia Film Festival |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival]]|| Gold Remi|| {{won}}|| 2020||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldfest.org/2020-remi-winners/ |title=53rd Annual International Independent Film Festival. April 17-26, 2020 |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608053032/https://worldfest.org/2020-remi-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| Impact Doc Awards||Award of Excellence || {{won}} || 2020||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://impactdocsawards.com |title=Award of Excellence |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Central Michigan International Film Festival || || Official Selection || 2020||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cmfilmfest.com/february-7th |title=International Shorts Program |access-date=17 July 2020 |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718140647/https://cmfilmfest.com/february-7th |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| Aphrodite Film Awards || || {{CFinalist}}|| 2020||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aphroditefilmawards.com/semi-finalists-2020/ |title= Semi & Finalists 2020|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2nd South Asian Short Film Festival || || Official Selection || 2019||<ref>{{cite web|url= http://2019.sasff.online/official-selections/|title= Official Selections|access-date= 17 July 2020}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|[[Beirut International Women Film Festival]] || ||Official Selection || 2019 ||
|-
| Audfest Documentary Short Film Festival, || || {{CFinalist}} || 2018 ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://audpop.com/videocontests/2018-audfest-documentary-short-film-festival-46194 |title=Audience Awards presents 2018 Documentary Short Film Festival |access-date=17 July 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan=17|2015
| rowspan=17|The Violin Player (feature)|| rowspan="17" | Monalisa Mukherji
| rowspan="17" |{{U2713}} || rowspan=2 | ImagineIndia International Film Festival|| Best Actor
|{{won}} || rowspan=2 | 2017 ||rowspan=2| <ref>{{cite news|author=PTI news report |title= 'The Violin Player' bags two awards at film festival in Madrid |url= https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/the-violin-player-bags-two-awards-at-film-festival-in-madrid/1066161 |access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Outllok India|date=2 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://imagineindiafestival.com/2017/04/06/the-violin-player-bauddhayan-mukherji-official-section/ |title= The Violin Player (Bauddhayan Mukherji) Official Section |date= 6 April 2017 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Best Cinematography
|{{won}}
|-
| [[DC Independent Film Festival]]|| || Official Selection || 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|url= https://dciff-indie.org/2017/01/08/announcing-the-dciff-2017-feature-films/ |title= Announcing the DCIFF 2017 Feature Films |date= 8 January 2017 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3| RapidLion International Film Festival||Best Original Score
|{{nom}}|| rowspan=3| 2017||rowspan=3|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://creativefeel.co.za/2017/02/rapidlion-2017-promises-profusion-films/ |title= RapidLion 2017 Promises a Profusion of Films |date= 28 February 2017 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=editorial |title= রহমানের পথে হাঁটবেন এক বাঙালি |url= https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/cinema/bhaskar-dutta-the-music-director-of-the-violin-player-will-play-in-rapid-lion-festival/articleshow/57302126.cms |access-date=17 July 2020|publisher= Suman Ghosh and Bauddhayan Mukherji's new films at Busan's Asian Project MarketscreenEi Samay |date=24 February 2017}}</ref>

|-
|Best Screenplay
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Cinematography
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Durban International Film Festival]] ||Best Film Award || {{won}} || 2016
|<ref>{{cite news|author=editorial |title= Adil Hussain's The Violin Player wins big at Durban Film Festival |url= https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/adil-hussain-the-violin-player-durban-film-festival-17346-2016-06-30 |access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=India Today|date=1 July 2016}}</ref>

|-
| rowspan =3| [[Raindance Film Festival]]
|Best Film
|{{nom}} || rowspan=3|2016
|rowspan=3|<ref>{{cite news|author=Dasgupta, Priyanka|title='The Violin Player' to compete at Raindance Film Fest|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/-The-Violin-Player-to-compete-at-Raindance-Film-Fest/articleshow/53873367.cms|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Times of India|date=28 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Grater, Tom|title=Raindance reveals 2016 line-up; Stephen Fry, Joanna Lumley on jury|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/raindance-reveals-2016-line-up-stephen-fry-joanna-lumley-on-jury/5108763.article|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Screen Daily|date=25 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=editorial|title=Asian "art" independent film – The Violin Player – seen at the 24th Raindance Film Festival|url=http://thesaturnherald.com/asian-art-independent-film-the-violin-player-seen-at-the-24th-raindance-film-festival/|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=The Saturn Herald|date=3 August 2016}}</ref>

|-
| Best Screenplay
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Zurich Film Festival]]|| || Official Selection || 2016
|<ref>{{cite news|author=Fulara, Arun|title='The Violin Player' Makes It To The Special Screenings Section At Zurich Film Festival!|url=http://www.jamuura.com/blog/the-violin-player-at-zurich-film-festival/|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Jamuura|date=13 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zff.com/en/archive/15520/ |title=16th Zurich Film Festival |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>

|-
| [[Cork Film Festival]]|| || Official Selection || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/thecorkfilmfestival/docs/cff2016_web_single |title= Cork Film Festival 2016|date= 18 October 2016|access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alphaviolet.com/the-violin-player/ |title=The Violin Player |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[São Paulo International Film Festival]]|| New Directors Competition || {{nom}} || 2016||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://43.mostra.org/en/filme/8845-THE-VIOLIN-PLAYER |title= The Violin Player |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|[[All Lights India International Film Festival]] ||Critics Choice for Best Film || {{won}} || 2016
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aliiff.com/files/Downloads/ALIIFF%20Post%20Event%20Report%202016.pdf |title=All Lights India International Film Festival |publisher=ALIIFF |access-date=23 June 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| [[Kolkata International Film Festival]]||NETPAC award || {{nom}} || 2016||<ref>{{cite news|title=Ms Honeybee is here with the latest gossips|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Ms-Honeybee-is-here-with-the-latest-gossips/articleshow/55275262.cms|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Times of India|date=6 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author= Acharya, Anindita |title=Teenkahon director Bauddhayan Mukherji disappointed with the film distribution model in Bengal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/teenkahon-director-bauddhayan-mukherji-disappointed-with-the-film-distribution-model-in-bengal/story-DXrtbH60B4HZANOyRoCpkO.html|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|Jio MAMI Film Festival]] || India Gold|| {{nom}} || 2015||<ref>{{cite news|author=Deshmukh, Nita|title=The Indian Filmmakers Whose Films Are Competing For The India Gold At MAMI 2015!|url=http://www.jamuura.com/blog/the-indian-filmmakers-competing-for-india-gold-mami-2015/|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Jamuura|date=16 October 2015}}</ref>

|-
| [[International Film Festival of Kerala]]|| International competition || {{nom}} || 2015||<ref>{{cite news|author=editorial|title=14 films to vie for top honours in IFFK|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/14-films-to-vie-for-top-honours-in-IFFK/articleshow/49464204.cms|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Times of India|date=20 October 2015}}</ref>

|-
! rowspan=18| 2014
| rowspan=18| [[Teenkahon ]](feature)|| rowspan="18" | Monalisa Mukherji
| rowspan="18" |{{U2713}}|| [[:fr:Festival du Film d'Asie du Sud Transgressif|Festival du Film d'Asie du Sud Transgressif]], [[Paris, France]]||Student Jury for Best Narrative Feature ||Special Mention || ||<ref name=11internationalawards>{{cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Zinia|title=Teenkahon wins 11th international award!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Teenkahon-wins-11th-international-award/articleshow/46230596.cms|access-date=8 March 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[DC Independent Film Festival]] || ||Official Selection|| 2015||<ref name=dc>{{cite news|last1=Ganguly|first1=Ruman|title=Teenkahon chosen for DC film fest|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Teenkahon-chosen-for-DC-film-fest/articleshow/46342822.cms|access-date=8 March 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://dciff-indie.org/tag/teenkahon/|title= Teenkahon (Three Obsessions) Screening & Discussion with Bauddhayan Mukherji |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= 'Teenkahon' selected for DC IFF|url= https://english.kolkata24x7.com/teenkahon-selected-for-dc-iff.html/|access-date= 18 July 2020|publisher= Kolkata 24x7|date= 24 February 2015|archive-date= 18 July 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200718140648/https://english.kolkata24x7.com/teenkahon-selected-for-dc-iff.html/|url-status= dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zimbabwe International Film Festival]] || || Official Selection || 2014||
|-
|[[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]] ||Aravindan Puraskaram ||{{won}} || ||<ref name=aravindan2>{{cite news|title=Selected for Aravindan Puraskaram|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Selected-for-Aravindan-Puraskaram/2015/02/25/article2685883.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402221624/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Selected-for-Aravindan-Puraskaram/2015/02/25/article2685883.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=8 March 2015|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=25 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=aravindan1>{{cite news|title=Aravindan Puraskaram|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/aravindan-puraskaram/article6931278.ece|access-date=8 March 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mumbai Film Festival]]||India Story || Official Selection || 2014 ||
|-
| [[International Film Festival of India]]|| Indian Panorama || Official Selection || 2014||
|-
|[[Chennai International Film Festival]] || || {{nom}} || ||
|-
|[[Pune International Film Festival]] || || {{nom}} || 2015||
|-
|RapidLion International Film Festival||Best Editing || {{won}} || 2016|| <ref>{{cite news|author= Kanchinadham, Srikanth|title='Teenkahon' Wins Best Editing, 'A Sinner In Mecca' Bags Best Documentary Award At The Inaugural RapidLion Film Festival! |url= http://www.jamuura.com/blog/teenkahon-wins-editing-a-sinner-in-mecca-at-rapidlion/|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=Jamuura |date=18 March 2016}}</ref>

|-
|London Asian Film Festival|| || Official Selection || 2016||<ref>{{cite news|author=Asian Lite News|title=Asian films premiere in Tower Hamlets |url=https://eastlondonnews.co.uk/asian-films-premiere-in-tower-hamlets/ |access-date=17 July 2020|publisher=East London News |date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=editorial |title=London Gears Up for Asian Film Fest |url=https://asianlite.com/news/uk-news/london-gears-up-for-asian-film-fest/ |access-date=17 July 2020 |publisher=Asian Lite International |date=5 February 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

|-
|Virginia Film Festival|| || Official Selection || 2015||<ref>{{cite news|author= Kanchinadham, Srikanth|title='Teenkahon' & 'Court' Selected For The Virginia Film Festival! |url= http://www.jamuura.com/blog/teenkahon-court-selected-for-the-virginia-film-festival/|access-date=17 July 2020|publisher= Jamuura|date=12 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://virginiafilmfestival.org/films/teenkahon-three-obsessions/ |title= Teenkahon (Three Obsessions) |date= 7 October 2015 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Indian Film Festival Stuttgart|| ||Official Selection || 2015||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://filmint.nu/indian-festival-stuttgart/ |title=The 12th Indian Film Festival Stuttgart |date=11 August 2015 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref>

|-
|Indian Film Festival Melbourne|| || Official Selection || 2015||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nevisinfotech.com/images/portfolio/booklet2015.pdf |title= Indian Film Festival of Melbourne|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Soho International Film Festival||Best World Showcase || {{nom}} || 2015||<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001635/2015/1/|title= Soho International Film Festival|website= [[IMDb]]|access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>
|-
|North Carolina State's Global Film Festival||Best Actor || {{won}} || 2015||<ref>{{cite news|author=Sen, Zinia |title=Habra boy bags award in US film festival |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Habra-boy-bags-award-in-US-film-festival/articleshow/46035229.cms |access-date=18 July 2020|publisher=Times of India |date=12 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Child artists who rocked the silver screen this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/child-artists-who-rocked-the-silver-screen-this-year/child-artists-who-rocked-the-silver-screen-this-year/photostory/49768800.cms |access-date=18 July 2020|publisher= Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|Seattle South Asian Film Festival|| Audience Choice Award || {{won}} || 2014||<ref>{{cite web|url= https://tasveerseattle.org/teenkahon|title=Roxy Cinema, Renton, Fri, Nov 7th, 9:00pm |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author= India West|title= Sri Lankan Filmmaker Wins at Seattle South Asian Film Festival|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/2014/nov/21/sri-lankan-filmmaker-wins-at-seattle-south-asian-film-festival-685086.html |access-date=18 July 2020|publisher=New Indian Express |date=21 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|Bridge Film Festival
| Best Screenplay Award
| {{won}} || 2014||<ref>{{cite news|author= Chatterji, A. Shoma|title=Three Obsessions |url= https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/three-obsessions-89452.html|access-date=18 July 2020|publisher=The Statesman |date=11 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Indian Television team |title =Bangla film 'Teenkahon' wins two awards at maiden Kosovo filmfest|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/movies/hindi/bangla-film-teenkahon-wins-two-awards-at-maiden-kosovo-filmfest-141112 |access-date=18 July 2020|publisher= Indian Television|date=12 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author= Chatterji, A. Shoma |title=Teenkahon wins awards at Kosovo |url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/teenkahon-wins-awards-at-kosovo/|access-date=18 July 2020|publisher= Indian Express|date=7 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Jury Special Mention for Cinematography
| {{won}} || ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
*[http://www.littlelambfilms.com/ Little Lamb Films website]
*[https://www.afaqs.com/topic/bauddhayan-mukherji Bauddhayan Mukherji] on afaqs
*{{IMDb name|5695557}}
{{Busan International Film Festival}}
{{International Film Festival of India}}
{{film festivals}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherji, Bauddhayan}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]

Abhishek Pallava

2026-03-28T21:17:27Z

NoeMacmillan574: added entry

{{short description|Indian police officer}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox police officer
|honorific_prefix = 
|name = Dr. Abhishek Pallava
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|09|02|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Begusarai]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
|spouse = Dr. Yasha
|office =
|honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
|service = [[India]]
|awards = 

|
|cadre = [[Chhattisgarh]]
|service_years = 2013-present
|rank = [[File:IPS SP.png|25px]] [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
|batch = 2013
|alma_mater = [[Goa Medical College]], [[AIIMS New Delhi]]
|other_work =
}}

'''Abhishek Pallava''' (born 2 September 1982) is an [[Indian Police Service]] officer of the 2013 batch, from the [[Chhattisgarh]] cadre,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/news/bastar-police-have-launched-several-songs-to-counter-naxalism-36207|title=Bastar Police had launched several songs to counter Naxalism – Bhaskar Hindi ►|work=Bhaskar Hindi|access-date=14 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Begusarai">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Begusarai-girl-gets-52nd-rank-in-civil-services/articleshow/19890386.cms|title=Begusarai girl gets 52nd rank in civil services ►|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/time-was-the-key-doctor-turned-ips-officer-saves-bastar-maoist-he-shot-at/story-vpeEBoWHO8r87jzt0yUz6I.html|title=Time was the key, doctor turned IPS officer saves Bastar maoist he shot at – Hindustan Times ►|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116231445/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/time-was-the-key-doctor-turned-ips-officer-saves-bastar-maoist-he-shot-at/story-vpeEBoWHO8r87jzt0yUz6I.html|archive-date=16 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> who is currently serving as the Superintendent of Police of [[Kabirdham district|Kabirdham, Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/129393/dr-abhishek-pallava-ips-doctor/amp/|title=Doctor turned IPS treats malnutritioned children, wife of naxal – The Better India ►|work=The Better India|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.babusofindia.com/2018/10/doctor-turned-ips-abhishek-pallava.html?m=1|title=Doctor turned IPS breaks down – Babus of India ►|work=Babus of India|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>

==Early life==

Abhishek Pallava was born to Mr. Rishi Kumar and Mrs. Asha Devi in [[Begusarai]]. He joined the Indian Police Service, in 2013,<ref name="Begusarai" /> through the [[Civil Services Examination|UPSC Civil Service Examination]], 2012.

==Police career==
Mr. Pallava was appointed as the SP of [[Dantewada]] in 2018 where<ref name="This tearful">{{Cite news|url=https://theprint.in/governance/this-tearful-doctor-turned-cop-has-brought-a-soft-touch-to-maoist-hit-dantewada/143360/|title=This tearful doctor turned cop has brought a soft touch to maoist hit Dantewada – The Print ►|work=The Print|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jan/29/doctor-turned-ips-officer-treats-wife-kids-of-maoist-in-chhattisgarh-1764851.html|title=Doctor turned IPS officer treats wife, kids of maoist in chhattisgarh – New Indian Express ►|work=New Indian Express|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref>
he came into the limelight when he treated a follower of [[maoism]], whom he had shot himself.<ref name="A Doctor-Turned">{{Cite news|url=https://topyaps.com/doctor-turned-ips-saves-maoist|title=Doctor turned IPS saves maoist- Topyaps ►|work=Topyaps|access-date=2 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531170907/http://topyaps.com/doctor-turned-ips-saves-maoist|archive-date=31 May 2017|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.indiatimes.com/news/india/doctor-cop-saves-life-of-a-naxalite-who-was-injured-during-an-encounter-in-bastar-274212.html|title=Doctor cop saves life of a naxalite who was injured during an encounter in Bastar – India Times ►|work=India Times|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref> He also treats ailing people from the interior villages.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.indiatimes.com/news/doctor-turned-ips-officer-is-treating-polio-stricken-children-wife-of-naxal-leader-in-chhattisgarh-338630.html|title=Doctor turned IPS officer is treating polio stricken children, wife of naxal leader in chhattisgarh-India Times ►|work=India Times|access-date=2 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="A Doctor-Turned" />

==Personal life==
He is married to Dr. Yasha, who is a [[dermatologist]], from [[Durg]], [[Bhilai|Bhillai]].<ref name="This tearful" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pallava, Abhishek}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]

Bhamian Khurd

2026-03-26T19:27:35Z

NoeMacmillan574: added a details

{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhamian Khurd
| settlement_type = Urban Area
| image_skyline = Bhamian khurd1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.9131|N|75.9260|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2 = Ludhiana
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 141010
| registration_plate = PB-91
| blank1_name_sec1 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{convert|35|°C|°F}}
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|10|°C|°F}}
}}
'''Bhamian Khurd''' is a village turned urban area of [[Ludhiana]] in the state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-08 |title=Missing boy’s body found in pond in Bhamian Khurd |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/tragic-discovery-missing-12-year-old-found-dead-in-ludhiana-pond-after-three-days-police-investigating-101688839643472.html |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-27 |title=Dhillon promises to extend MC limits to 1,000 periphery colonies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/dhillon-promises-to-extend-mc-limits-to-1000-periphery-colonies/articleshow/110448068.cms |access-date=2026-03-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is located 16 km east of the sub-district headquarters Ludhiana and 16 km from the district headquarters Ludhiana. According to the 2009 statistics, Shankar Colony serves as the gram panchayat of Bhamian Khurd village.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ballia-origin Neha elected unopposed in Sahnewal |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/ballia-origin-neha-elected-unopposed-in-sahnewal/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-16 |title=Ludhiana: Migrants make a mark in panchayat polls, vow to ensure development |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/ludhiana-migrants-make-a-mark-in-panchayat-polls-vow-to-ensure-development-101729099191416.html |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The village is 97 km from the state capital [[Chandigarh]].

== Geographical Area ==
The total geographical area of village is 216 hectares. Bhamian Khurd has a total population of 8,222 peoples. There are about 1,706 houses in Bhamian Khurd village. Ludhiana is nearest town to Bhamian Khurd.

== Population of Bhamian Khurd ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Total Population
!Male Population
!Female Population
|-
|8,222
|4,396
|3,827
|}

== Connectivity of Bhamian Khurd ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Type
!Status
|-
|Public Bus Service
|Available within 5 km distance
|-
|Private Bus Service
|Available within village
|-
|Railway Station
|Available within 10+km distance
|}

== Nearby villages ==
* Bhamian Kalan
* Mundian Kalan
* Mundian Khurd
* Sahabana
* Tajpur
* Kakka
* [[Dhoula]]
* [[Jamalpur, Ludhiana|Jamalpur]]
* Kuliawal
*Ram Nagar
*[[New Sunder Nagar]]
*GTB Nagar
*Jamalpur
*Kunal Colony
*Balaji Enclave

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ludhiana district}}

[[Category:Villages in Ludhiana district]]

Kolar Gold Fields

2026-03-26T16:31:20Z

NoeMacmillan574: minor improved intro to improve readability additionally to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kolar Gold Fields
| other_name =
| native_name_lang = Karnataka
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt = Metal superstructure of a mine shaft, seen through a fence at ground level
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.962|78.271|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolar district|Kolar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = City Municipal Council
| governing_body = Robertsonpet City Municipal Council, K.G.F.
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 58.1234
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 848
| population_total = 163,643
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Kannada
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 563115 -563122
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08153
| registration_plate = KA 08
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], [[Bangalore]], [[Chikkaballapur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kolar Lok Sabha constituency]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Kolar Gold Field Assembly constituency]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|32|°C|°F}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|12|°C|°F}}
| website = http://www.robertsonpetcity.mrc.gov.in/
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
[[File:Kolar Gold Fields - 1913.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Kolar Gold Fields, 1913]]
[[File:KGF 008.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Exterior of a long, white colonial-style building|KGF Club]]
[[File:KGF 005.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Grey plaque describing construction of the club house|Plaque at club entrance]]
[[File:KGF Taluk COVID Map.pdf|thumb|KGF Taluk Map]]
'''Kolar Gold Fields''' ('''K.G.F.''') is a mining region in K.G.F. [[tehsil|taluk]] (township), [[Kolar district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is headquartered in [[Robertsonpet]], where employees of [[Bharat Gold Mines Limited]] (BGML) and [[BEML Limited]] (formerly Bharat Earth Movers Limited) and their families live. K.G.F. is about {{convert|30|km}} from [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], {{convert|100|km}} from [[Bengaluru]], capital of Karnataka, India. Over a century, the town has been known for gold mining. The mine closed on 28 February 2001 due to a fall in gold prices, despite gold still being present there. One of India's first power-generation units was built in 1889 to support mining operations. The mine complex hosted some [[Particle experiments at Kolar Gold Fields|particle physics experiments]] between the 1960s and 1992.

==History==
The history of the Kolar Gold Fields was compiled by [[Fred Goodwill]], superintendent of the Police, [[Maldives]] and Kolar Gold Fields. Goodwill's studies were published in the ''Quarterly Journal of the [[Daly Memorial Hall|Mythic Society]]'' and elsewhere.<ref name=Mythic>{{cite journal |title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society|date=1918|volume=9–10|page=iv, 5, 8, 300|journal=Journal of the Mythic Society}}</ref><ref name=Mystic-Nandi>{{cite journal|last1=Goodwill|first1=Fred |title= Nandidroog |journal=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society|date=1918|volume=9–10|page=300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mlk4AQAAMAAJ&q=f+goodwill+tamil+bangalore|access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Mining Journal">{{cite journal|last1=Goodwill|first1=Fred |title=The Religious and Military Story of Nudydurga|journal=KGF Mining and Metallurgical Society|date=1921|issue=5|ref=Mining Journal}}</ref>

Patrons of [[Jainism]], the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Western Ganga Dynasty]] founded [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] in the second century CE. For as long as they were in power (nearly 1,000 years) they used the title "Kuvalala-Puravareshwara" (Lord of Kolar), even after they moved their capital to [[Talakadu]]. From Talakadu, the Western Gangas ruled Gangavadi.

Kolar came under [[Chola dynasty|Chola rule]] in 1004. Following their usual naming system, the Cholas called the district Nikarilichola-mandala. Around 1117, the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] (under [[Vishnuvardhana]]) captured Talakadu and Kolar and drove the Cholas from the [[Kingdom of Mysore]]. [[Vira Someshwara]] divided the empire between his two sons in 1254, and Kolar was given to Ramanatha.

The Western Gangas made Kolar their capital and ruled [[Mysore]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]. Around the 13th century, the sage Pavananthi Munivar wrote ''[[Nannūl|Nannool]]'' about Tamil grammar at the Ulagamadhi cave.

Under Chola rule, King [[Uththama Chola]] is said to have built the temple to [[Renuka]]. The Chola rulers [[Virarajendra Chola|Veera Chola]], [[Vikrama Chola]] and [[Rajendra Chola I|Raja Nagendra Chola]] built stone structures with inscriptions at [[Avani, Kolar|Avani]], [[Mulbagal]], and Sitti Bettta. Chola inscriptions indicate the rule of [[Aditya I|Adithya Chola I]] (871–907), [[Raja Raja Chola I]] and [[Rajendra Chola I]] of Kolar, referring to Kolar as "Nikarili Cholamandalam" and "Jayam Konda Chola Manadalam". Inscriptions of [[Rajendra Chola I]] appear on the [[Kolaramma]] temple. Many Siva temples were built in Kolar under the Cholas, such as the [[Someshwara Temple, Kolar|Someshwarar]] and Sri Uddhandeshwari Temples in the village of Marikuppam, the Eswaran Temple in Oorugaumpet, and the Sivan Temple in the village of Madivala. Chola rule of Kolar lasted until 1116. Chola inscriptions have been neglected and vandalised. According to [[B. Lewis Rice]], names and events have been confused.

[[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijaynagar]] rule of Kolar lasted from 1336 to 1664. During the 17th century, Kolar came under [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] rule as part of the [[jagir]] of [[Shahaji]] for fifty years before it was ruled by the Muslims for seventy years. In 1720, Kolar became part of the [[province of Sira]]; [[Fath Muhammad]], the father of [[Hyder Ali]], was [[faujdar]] of the province. Kolar was then ruled by the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], the Nawab of [[Kadapa|Cuddapah]], the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], and Hyder Ali. Ruled by the [[British Raj|British]] from 1768 to 1770, it passed again to the Marathas and then to [[Hyder Ali]]. In 1791, [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] conquered Kolar in 1791, returning it again to [[Mysore State|Mysore]] in the [[Treaty of Seringapatam]] the following year.

Inscriptions in the region indicate the reign of Mahavalis (Baanaas), [[Kadamba dynasty|Kadambas]], [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]], [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]], Vaidumbaas, [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rastrakutas]], Cholas, Hoysalas and Mysore kings.<ref name=Mythic /><ref name=Mystic-Nandi /><ref name="Mining Journal" /><ref name=Srikumar>{{cite book|last1=Srikumar|first1=S|title=Kolar Gold Field: (Unfolding the Untold)|date=12 March 2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=978-1482815078|pages=40–46|edition=International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrWEAwAAQBAJ&q=f+goodwill+tamil+bangalore&pg=PA40|access-date=27 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gayatri">{{cite book|last1=Chandrashekar|first1=Gayatri|title=Grit and Gold|date=2015|publisher=Partridge Publishing|isbn=9781482855845|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZV50CgAAQBAJ&q=Rev+Goodwill+Tamil&pg=PT22|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref> B. Lewis Rice recorded 1,347 inscriptions in the district in the 10th volume of ''[[Epigraphia Carnatica]]''. Of the inscriptions, 714 are in [[Kannada language|Kannada]];<ref name=RiceX>{{cite book|last1=Rice|first1=Benjamin Lewis|title=Epigraphia Carnatica: Volume X: Inscriptions in the Kolar District|date=1994|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Mysore State|location=[[Mangalore]], [[United Kingdom|British]] India|url=https://archive.org/stream/epigraphiacarnat10myso#page/n7/mode/2up|access-date=4 August 2015|page=i}}</ref> 422 are in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and 211 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

John Taylor III acquired a number of mines in K.G.F. in 1880, and his firm (John Taylor & Sons) operated them until 1956; the Mysore Gold Mining Company was a subsidiary. In 1902, the mines were electrified with a {{convert|140|km|adj=on}} cable run by [[General Electric]] from the hydroelectric power plant at [[Shivanasamudra Falls]].<ref name=Meera>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Meera|title=Miscellany - A time capsule|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/490415/miscellany-time-capsule.html|access-date=7 August 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=21 June 2015}}</ref> The government of Mysore took over the mines in 1956.

=={{anchor|Birth of the city|In popular culture}}Origin of the city==
With the growth of the gold mines requiring more labour, people from the [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]], [[Salem district|Salem]] and [[North Arcot|North]] and [[South Arcot District (Madras Presidency)|South Arcot]] districts of [[Tamil Nadu]] and the [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]], [[annamaya district|Annamaya]] and [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]] districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]] settled nearby;<ref>{{Cite web|title='KGF' team recreated gold mines from 70's at Real Kolar Gold Field - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kgf-team-recreated-gold-mines-from-70s-at-real-kolar-gold-field/articleshow/66696105.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> the settlements began to form the outskirts of K.G.F. The well-to-do families of British and Indian engineers, geologists, and mine supervisors lived in the centre of town. Robertsonpet and Andersonpet townships are named after two British mine officials.

Aalamaram is a district or ward within Kolar Gold Fields, near [[Palar Nagar]], [[Hanumanthanagar, Kolar Gold Fields|Hanumantha Nagar]], and Officer's Quarters.

The establishment of [[BEML Limited]] expanded the city, providing employment and attracting new residents.

=={{anchor|Kolar National Geological Monument|Pyroclastics & Pillow lavas of Kolar Gold fields}}National geological monument==

The [[Pyroclastic rock|pyroclastic]] and [[pillow lava]] at Kolar Gold Fields have been declared a [[National Geological Monuments of India|National Geological Monument]] by the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) for their protection, maintenance, and encouragement of [[geotourism]].<ref name=gsi1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website |access-date=21 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712055947/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gsi2">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137573|title=Geo-Heritage Sites|date=2016-03-09|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=2018-09-15}}</ref><ref name=gsi3>[http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf national geo-heritage of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111120428/http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf |date=11 January 2017 }}, [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|INTACH]]</ref>

==Demographics==
The official language is [[Kannada]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is spoken widely.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Data on Language and Mother Tongue|website=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> Most of the Tamil population trace their ancestry to labourers brought by the British from the [[North Arcot]], [[Chittoor]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] and [[Dharmapuri]] districts of the [[Madras Presidency]] during the late 19th century.<ref name=Srikumar /> Substantial Anglo-Indian and [[Arcot Mudaliar]] populations are descendants of mine supervisors.<ref name=Bridget/>

=={{anchor|Closing of Kolar Gold Mines}}Mine closures==
The Kolar gold mines were nationalized in 1956, and provided a total of over 900 tonnes of [[gold]]. They were closed by the Indian government on 28 February 2001 for environmental and economic reasons; food, water and shelter were scarce, and production did not justify the investment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://memoriesofkgf.blogspot.com/2014/11/some-important-dates-in-history-of.html|title=Kolar Gold Fields - Nostalgia: Some Important Dates in the History of Kolar Gold Fields|last=White-Kumar|first=Bridget|date=2014-11-21|website=Kolar Gold Fields - Nostalgia|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/old-kgf-mines-can-never-be-reopened/articleshow/57115320.cms|title=Old KGF mines can never be reopened |date=February 13, 2017|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:St. Michael's and All Angels' Church, Oorgaum, KGF.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|alt=Exterior of a stone church|[[St. Michael's and All Angels' Church, Oorgaum, KGF|St. Michael's and All Angels' Church]]]]
In 1901, an English-language primary school was founded by John Taylor and Sons at the Nandydoorg Mine to educate the children of British and European employees. It became known as the [[Kolar Gold Fields Boys School]], and was upgraded to a middle and high school; students took the [[Senior Cambridge]] examinations. The school was co-educational at the primary level.

On 15 January 1904, the Sisters of St. Joseph of Tarbes founded an English-language school for Europeans and Anglo-Indians for 22 girls. St. Mary's Boys School was also founded. The boys' school later moved to [[Andersonpet]].

In 1933, the Order of the St. Joseph of Tarbes founded St. Theresa's School in [[Robertsonpet]]; St. Sebastian's School was founded in Coromandel a decade later. Both schools offered English lessons.<ref name=Bridget>{{cite book|last1=White|first1=Bridget|title=Kolar Gold Fields - Down Memory Lane: Paeans to Lost Glory!|date=2010|publisher=Author House|location=Central Milton Keynes|isbn=978-1452051031|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iFRgQXTbeAC&q=tamil+population+in+KGF|access-date=6 January 2015}}</ref> To educate the growing [[Marwari people|Marwari]] population, the Sumathi Jain High School was founded in Robertsonpet.<ref name=Deccan>{{cite news|last1=White|first1=Bridget|title=Tale of two thriving townships|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/113032/tale-two-thriving-townships.html|access-date=13 January 2015|issue=Bangalore|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=15 November 2010}}</ref> K.G.F. has several schools and colleges, including the St Charles School,<ref>{{cite web |title=St Charles School |url=https://stcharlesschool.edu.in/ |publisher=St Charles School |access-date=18 August 2022}}</ref> the [[Government First Grade College, Kolar Gold Fields|Government First Grade College]], KGF College of Dental Science and Hospital, Sambhram Institute of Hotel Management, the [[Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology]], and the Sri Kengal Hanumanthaiya Law College, Don Bosco Technical Institute.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Kolar Gold Fields (1981–2010, extremes 1972–2002)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 30.5
| Feb record high C = 33.4
| Mar record high C = 38.3
| Apr record high C = 39.7
| May record high C = 38.2
| Jun record high C = 38.5
| Jul record high C = 34.5
| Aug record high C = 33.4
| Sep record high C = 33.7
| Oct record high C = 32.5
| Nov record high C = 31.1
| Dec record high C = 29.9
| year record high C = 39.7

| Jan high C = 26.4
| Feb high C = 29.6
| Mar high C = 32.5
| Apr high C = 34.1
| May high C = 34.0
| Jun high C = 30.8
| Jul high C = 29.6
| Aug high C = 29.0
| Sep high C = 29.3
| Oct high C = 27.8
| Nov high C = 26.3
| Dec high C = 25.1
| year high C = 29.5
| Jan low C = 15.0
| Feb low C = 16.4
| Mar low C = 18.7
| Apr low C = 21.3
| May low C = 21.7
| Jun low C = 20.6
| Jul low C = 20.1
| Aug low C = 19.8
| Sep low C = 19.7
| Oct low C = 19.2
| Nov low C = 17.5
| Dec low C = 15.8
| year low C = 18.8
| Jan record low C = 10.0
| Feb record low C = 10.5
| Mar record low C = 12.4
| Apr record low C = 15.7
| May record low C = 17.5
| Jun record low C = 15.4
| Jul record low C = 17.3
| Aug record low C = 17.1
| Sep record low C = 16.2
| Oct record low C = 13.6
| Nov record low C = 12.0
| Dec record low C = 9.4
| year record low C = 9.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 3.5
| Feb rain mm = 3.7
| Mar rain mm = 19.4
| Apr rain mm = 34.6
| May rain mm = 98.4
| Jun rain mm = 77.9
| Jul rain mm = 81.7
| Aug rain mm = 104.6
| Sep rain mm = 212.4
| Oct rain mm = 138.9
| Nov rain mm = 76.7
| Dec rain mm = 27.2
| year rain mm = 879.1
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.4
| Mar rain days = 1.2
| Apr rain days = 2.4
| May rain days = 5.5
| Jun rain days = 3.9
| Jul rain days = 4.9
| Aug rain days = 6.3
| Sep rain days = 8.0
| Oct rain days = 7.4
| Nov rain days = 5.1
| Dec rain days = 2.2
| year rain days = 47.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 49
| Feb humidity = 37
| Mar humidity = 32
| Apr humidity = 38
| May humidity = 48
| Jun humidity = 56
| Jul humidity = 58
| Aug humidity = 61
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 68
| Nov humidity = 67
| Dec humidity = 63
|year humidity = 54
It has a moderate climate

|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Kolar Gold Field Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 421–422
| access-date = 19 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M98
| access-date = 19 April 2020}}</ref>
}}

==See also==
* [[Hutti Gold Mines Limited]]
* [[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[K.G.F: Chapter 1|K.G.F: The movie]]
* [[Panic of 1873]]
* [[Thangalaan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[https://pad.ma/grid/title/project==Kolar_Gold_Fields_and_Mines Kolar Gold Fields archival video with annotations]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081105235128/http://www.kolarcity.gov.in/tourism.html Kolar tourism]
*{{PM20|FID=co/053274|TEXT=Documents and clippings about|NAME=Champion Reef Gold}}
*https://kgfarchives.wordpress.com

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kolar district]]
[[Category:Economy of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geography of Kolar district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kolar district]]
[[Category:Underground mines in India]]
[[Category:Gold mines in India]]
[[Category:Mining in Karnataka]]

Vikram filmography

2026-03-22T05:07:40Z

NoeMacmillan574: reworked intro additionally and added references

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox filmography list
| name = Vikram
| image = Vikram at the ‘Kadaram Kondan’ Press Meet.jpg
| image_upright = 1
| alt = Photograph of Vikram
| caption = Vikram in 2019
| film = 60
| television_series = 2
| web_series =
| television_show = 12
| radio_show =
| documentary =
| hosting =
| music_videos = 4
| narrating =
| theatre =
| advertising = 7
| others =
}}
[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]] is an Indian actor, playback singer and former [[voice acting|dubbing artist]] known for his work in [[Tamil cinema]]. Besides [[Tamil language|Tamil]], he has also worked in [[Malayalam]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindi]] language films. He has featured in over 60 motion pictures, three television programs, and several music videos and commercials.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Here-Comes-I/2015/01/08/article2608382.ece |title=Here Comes 'I' |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |first=K |last=Aswathy |date=8 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201074848/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Here-Comes-I/2015/01/08/article2608382.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}Vijay Singh Senava Gujarat</ref><ref name="Regular" />

An aspiring actor since childhood, Vikram modelled for television commercials and appeared in a short film, hoping to get noticed by casting directors.<ref name="Regular" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100523/jsp/graphiti/story_12473411.jsp |title=A double game |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |first=Aarti |last=Dua |date=23 May 2010 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201075222/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100523/jsp/graphiti/story_12473411.jsp |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> He made his television debut with the [[Doordarshan]] series ''Galatta Kudumbam'' (1988), following which his first feature film role came with the [[experimental film|experimental]] film ''[[En Kadhal Kanmani]]'' (1990).<ref name="Caravan" /> His early career in [[Tamil cinema]] saw consecutive box-office failures, after which he attempted a transition to [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref name="Difference" /> Vikram mostly played the lead roles in Telugu films, many of which were financial failures.<ref name="Regular" /><ref name="Twice" /> In Malayalam films, he usually appeared in ensemble films, playing "second fiddle" to established actors like [[Mammootty]] and [[Suresh Gopi]], which failed to help his career.<ref name="Difference" /><ref name="Mollywood" /> Meanwhile, the few sporadic appearances he made in Tamil cinema also proved unsuccessful.<ref name="Caravan" />

Vikram landed his [[breakthrough role]] of a college student who suffers a brain injury in filmmaker [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s directorial debut, the film ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]'' (1999).<ref name="Difference" /> It was a [[sleeper hit]] and earned Vikram a Special Jury award at the [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare]] and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award]] ceremonies.<ref name="Hit matters" /><ref name="Nuvvu">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms |title=Nuvvu Nenu wins 4 Filmfare awards |date=6 April 2002 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201075354/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms?referral=PM |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Rajnikant" /> In 2001, he played an aspiring policeman in the action film ''[[Dhill]]'', the directorial debut of [[Dharani (director)|Dharani]].<ref name="Glorious" /> In 2002, Vikram was awarded his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Tamil|Filmfare Award for Best Actor]] for portraying a blind village singer in the [[Vinayan]]-directed tragedy ''[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]'' (2001), a remake of the director's Malayalam film ''[[Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum]]'' (1999).<ref name="Difference" /><ref name="PE" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=/2005/1/10/movies/9803468&sec=movies |title=Vikram's star rises |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |first=T |last=Selva |date=10 January 2005 |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-date=5 September 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160905122118/http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=/2005/1/10/movies/9803468&sec=movies |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vikram went on to play the quintessential Tamil [[action hero]] in a series of commercial successful [[masala film]]s beginning with ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'' (2002) which grossed {{INR}}210 million at the box office. ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'' film was the highest grossing Tamil film of the year 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sudhish Kamath |date=11 October 2003 |title=Kollywood crackers |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/10/11/stories/2003101109200200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607065152/http://hindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/10/11/stories/2003101109200200.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=7 June 2014}}</ref> The next year, with consecutive commercial success in ''[[Dhool]]'' (2003) and ''[[Saamy]]'' (2003), he attained stardom.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/02/01/stories/2003020107180200.htm |title=The 'Dhool' matinee idol |first=Sudhish |last=Kamath |author-link=Sudhish Kamath |date=1 February 2003 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201080149/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/02/01/stories/2003020107180200.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Superhero">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/16/stories/2005111615400200.htm |title=The dilemma: actor or superhero? |first=Sudhish |last=Kamath |date=16 November 2005 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201080317/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/16/stories/2005111615400200.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/12/29/stories/2003122900170100.htm |title=Reel of fortune |first=Sreedhar |last=Pillai |date=29 December 2003 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201080720/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/12/29/stories/2003122900170100.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> He then played an undertaker with [[autism]] in Bala's tragedy drama ''[[Pithamagan]]'' (2003) co-starring [[Suriya]]. His portrayal attracted positive reviews and garnered him his third Filmfare award, and Best Actor trophies at the Tamil Nadu State Film Award and [[National Film Award for Best Actor|National Film Award]] ceremonies.<ref name="Difference" /><ref name="fareFilm" /><ref name="Godfather" /><ref name="Victor" />

Vikram underwent a professional setback between 2004 and 2008 when a series of films—''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]'' (2004), ''[[Majaa]]'' (2005) and ''[[Bheemaa]]'' (2008)—received mixed reviews and were commercial failures.<ref name="Superhero" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/looking-ahead-part-2-news-tamil-kkfvvTabfdjsi.html |title=Looking Ahead-Part 2 |website=[[Sify]] |date=1 January 2006 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201081022/http://www.sify.com/movies/looking-ahead-part-2-news-tamil-kkfvvTabfdjsi.html |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/06/28/stories/2004062800700200.htm |title=All hopes on 'Anniyan' |first=M. L. |last=Narasimham |date=28 June 2004 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201081512/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/06/28/stories/2004062800700200.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Bheemas-Telugu-release-on-hold/articleshow/2728583.cms |title=Bheema's Telugu release on hold |newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 January 2008 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201081641/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Bheemas-Telugu-release-on-hold/articleshow/2728583.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref> Vikram's sole box-office success during this period was [[S. Shankar]]'s [[psychological thriller]] ''[[Anniyan]]'' (2005), in which he played a utopian lawyer suffering from [[multiple personality disorder]]. The film was the second highest grossing Tamil film of the year 2005 by collecting ₹57 crore from the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roy |first=Amit |date=9 June 2006 |title=India booming |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/india-booming/cid/970246 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201202110444/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/india-booming/cid/970246 |archive-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> The film was commercial success in all the South Indian states- Tamil Nadu, Kerala (where the film was the highest grossing Tamil film in Kerala at that time which ran over 150 days in theatres),<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2006 |title=Vikram conquers Kerala! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/Vikram-conquers-Kerala-news-tamil-kkfvoAgidcf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141028133227/http://www.sify.com/movies/Vikram-conquers-Kerala-news-tamil-kkfvoAgidcf.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=19 April 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Andhra Pradesh (where the dubbed version ''Aparichitudu'' was the highest-grossing film of 2005)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sreedhar Pillai |date=5 November 2005 |title=Dubbed films, a hit |url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/11/05/stories/2005110500860303.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=19 April 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141028133150/http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/11/05/stories/2005110500860303.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Remo">{{Cite news |last=Sreedhar Pillai |date=22 December 2005 |title=A milestone film |url=http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/12/22/stories/2005122200830500.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=19 April 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141028133142/http://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/12/22/stories/2005122200830500.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> and Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-vikram.html|title=Chitchat with Vikram|date=18 June 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=31 March 2025}}</ref> The film also earned him critical acclaim and his fourth Filmfare award.<ref name="Difference" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060609/asp/etc/story_6284386.asp |title=India booming |newspaper=The Telegraph |first=Amit |last=Roy |date=9 June 2006 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618042620/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060609/asp/etc/story_6284386.asp |archive-date=18 June 2006}}</ref><ref name="Sweep" /> Meanwhile, Vikram ventured into film production by joining a production company, Reel Life Entertainment, as one of its directors.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vikram-turns-producer/551485/ |title=Vikram turns producer |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |first=Unni R. |last=Nair |date=11 December 2009 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201082004/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vikram-turns-producer/551485/ |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> In [[Susi Ganesan]]'s ''[[Kanthaswamy]]'' (2009), he played a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] officer who moonlights as a superhero.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://twitchfilm.com/2009/11/chicken-superheroes-save-the-world-in-tamil-blockbuster-kanthaswamy.html |title=Chicken superheroes save the world |publisher=[[Twitch Film]] |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201082222/http://twitchfilm.com/2009/11/chicken-superheroes-save-the-world-in-tamil-blockbuster-kanthaswamy.html |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-rooster-rocks-the-box-office/article13770.ece |title=The rooster rocks the box office |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 September 2009 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201082413/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-rooster-rocks-the-box-office/article13770.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> In 2010, Vikram was introduced in [[Bollywood]] by [[Mani Ratnam]] through his Hindi-Tamil bilingual ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]'' and ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'', a contemporary [[revisionism (fictional)|retelling]] of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', in which Vikram played the antagonist and protagonist in the respective versions.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/film/versatility-unparalleled-1.644649 |title=Versatility unparalleled |newspaper=[[Gulf News]] |first=Mythily |last=Ramachandran |date=25 June 2010 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201082658/http://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/film/versatility-unparalleled-1.644649 |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Vikram earned mixed reviews for his characterisation in the former;<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/507455 |title=Film Review: Raavan |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |first=Taran |last=Adarsh |author-link=Taran Adarsh |date=18 June 2010 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201082945/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/507455 |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-raavan-is-a-bore-of-a-film/124771-47-84.html |title='Raavan' is a bore of a film |publisher=[[CNN IBN]] |first=Rajeev |last=Masand |author-link=Rajeev Masand |date=19 June 2010 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201083455/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-raavan-is-a-bore-of-a-film/124771-47-84.html |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jun/18/raja-sen-reviews-raavan.htm |title=''Raavan'' is unforgivably boring |work=Rediff.com |first=Raja |last=Sen |date=18 June 2010 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201083702/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jun/18/raja-sen-reviews-raavan.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> but his performance in the latter earned him rave reviews and his fifth Filmfare award.<ref name="Masterstroke" /><ref name="Villain">{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vikram-is-superb-in-villain/125276-47-79.html |title=Film Review: Villain — Vikram is superb in 'Villain' |last=Chaitanya |first=Raghu |date=25 June 2010 |publisher=CNN-News18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201123225/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vikram-is-superb-in-villain/125276-47-79.html|archive-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Glam" /> In 2011, Vikram played a man with [[developmental disability]] fighting over his daughter's custody in [[A. L. Vijay]]'s courtroom drama ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'', an adaptation of the American film ''[[I Am Sam]]'' (2001). Vikram's performance was praised and won him the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – South|Critics Award for Best Actor]] at Filmfare.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/just-inspired-or-copied/article2371386.ece |title=Just inspired or copied? |newspaper=The Hindu |first=Meera |last=Srinivasan |date=19 August 2011 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201083916/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/just-inspired-or-copied/article2371386.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Deiva-Thirumagal/movie-review/9256649.cms |title=Movie Review: Deiva Thirumagal |newspaper=The Times of India |first=Venkateswaran |last=Narayanan |date=17 July 2011 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201084213/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Deiva-Thirumagal/movie-review/9256649.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/2011-Filmfare-awards-winners-list/articleshow/14746350.cms |title=2011 Filmfare awards winners list |newspaper=The Times of India |first=Christina |last=Francis |date=8 July 2012 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201084534/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/2011-Filmfare-awards-winners-list/articleshow/14746350.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref> However, his next role of an aspiring screen villain in ''[[Rajapattai]]'' (2011) was poorly received.<ref name="Difference" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-rajapattai/20111223.htm |title=Review: Rajapattai is bland |work=Rediff.com |first=Pavithra |last=Srinivasan |date=23 December 2011 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201084646/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-rajapattai/20111223.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Raja" />

In 2012, Vikram appeared in A. L. Vijay's revenge-thriller ''[[Thaandavam]]'', playing a blind [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] agent who uses [[human echolocation]] to track down his betrayer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/global-vision/article3907157.ece |title=Global vision |newspaper=The Hindu |first=K. R. |last=Manigandan |date=17 September 2012 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201084855/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/global-vision/article3907157.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> In [[Bejoy Nambiar]]'s three-story-arc Hindi-language [[anthology film]] ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]'' (2013), he played one of the three eponymous lead characters, an alcoholic fisherman in love with his friend's fiancée.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/david-review-bejoy-nambiar-dares-to-be-different_127198.html |title='David' review: Bejoy Nambiar dares to be different |work=[[Zee News]] |first=Gayatri |last=Sankar |date=31 January 2013 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201085212/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/david-review-bejoy-nambiar-dares-to-be-different_127198.html |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-david-is-underwhelming/20130201.htm |title=David is well-acted but underwhelming |work=Rediff.com |first=Sukanya |last=Verma |date=1 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201085525/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-david-is-underwhelming/20130201.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dub">{{cite web |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/movie-review-vikram-gives-david-a-menacing-twist-2013-02-04-1.493798 |title=Movie Review: Vikram gives 'David' a menacing twist |publisher=[[Emirates 24/7]] |first=Sneha May |last=Francis |date=4 February 2013 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201085824/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/movie-review-vikram-gives-david-a-menacing-twist-2013-02-04-1.493798 |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Shankar's romantic-thriller ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]'' (2015) featured Vikram as a supermodel-turned-hunchback who exacts revenge on his conspirators. The film grossed over {{INR}} 2.4 billion at the box office and Vikram's performance was critically acclaimed.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/i-vikram-takes-beauty-and-the-beast-to-another-level-ians-movie-review-rating-115011700464_1.html |title='I' – Vikram takes 'Beauty and The Beast' to another level |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=17 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201090321/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/i-vikram-takes-beauty-and-the-beast-to-another-level-ians-movie-review-rating-115011700464_1.html |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/i-vikram-amy-jackson-shankar-upen-patel-movie-review-236161-2015-01-17 |title=Movie review: Vikram's performance is the only redeeming feature of ''I'' |journal=[[India Today]] |first=Suhani |last=Singh |date=17 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201090714/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/i-vikram-amy-jackson-shankar-upen-patel-movie-review/1/413859.html |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-i-predictable-beauty-and-the-beast-tale/article6789004.ece |title=Predictable beauty and the beast tale |newspaper=The Hindu |first=Ranjani |last=Rajendra |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201091213/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/review-of-i-predictable-beauty-and-the-beast-tale/article6789004.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Then he acted in ''[[10 Endrathukulla]]'' (2015), ''[[Iru Mugan]]'' (2016), ''[[Sketch (2018 film)|Sketch]]'' (2018), ''[[Saamy Square]]'' (2018), ''[[Kadaram Kondan]]'' (2019) and ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022).

== Film ==
{{pending films key}}

=== As an actor ===
*''All films are [[Tamil language|Tamil]] unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Vikram film acting credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
| scope="row" | 1990
! scope="row" | ''[[En Kadhal Kanmani]]''
| Vinod
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Victor">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=20 August 2004 |title=Vikram, the Victor |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/08/20/stories/2004082001760100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201091647/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/08/20/stories/2004082001760100.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanan |first=V. V. |date=21 December 2007 |title=Cine Quiz |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3024133.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201091836/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/article3024133.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 1991
! scope="row" | ''[[Thanthu Vitten Ennai]]''
| Raju
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=4 March 2005 |title=Still the regular guy |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/04/stories/2005030401210200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201092252/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/04/stories/2005030401210200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1992
! scope="row" | ''[[Kaaval Geetham]]''
|Ashok
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Victor" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Meera (1992 film)|Meera]]''
| Jeeva
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sivakumar |first=M. |date=11–24 September 2004 |title=I am a director's actor |work=Frontline |publisher=The Hindu |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2119/stories/20040924003910700.htm |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201092444/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2119/stories/20040924003910700.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4" | 1993
! scope="row" | ''[[Dhruvam]]''
| Bhadran
| [[Malayalam]] film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=thomas |first=elizabeth |date=26 October 2015 |title=Dhruvam, my favourite Malayalam movie: Vikram |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151025/entertainment-mollywood/article/dhruvam-my-favourite-malayalam-movie-vikram |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Akka Pettanam Chelleli Kapuram]]''
| Radha Krishna
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/chiyaan-vikram-to-essay-an-important-character-in-prashanth-neels-ntr-31-6099673.html |title=Chiyaan Vikram to Essay an Important Character in Prashanth Neel's NTR 31? |date=4 October 2022 |work=News18}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Chirunavvula Varamistava]]''
| Vicky
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mafia (1993 film)|Mafia]]''
| Harishankar
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Mollywood">{{Cite news |last=Sidhardhan |first=Sanjith |date=3 June 2013 |title=Mollywood superstars turn mentors in Kollywood! |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Mollywood-superstars-turn-mentors-in-Kollywood/articleshow/20394361.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201093047/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mollywood-superstars-turn-mentors-in-Kollywood/articleshow/20394361.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994
! scope="row" | ''[[Bangaru Kutumbam]]''
| Suryam
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sainyam]]''
| Jiji
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnakumar |first=G |date=14 January 2004 |title=Lights ready... action now! |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/01/14/stories/2004011400900200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201093243/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/01/14/stories/2004011400900200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pudhiya Mannargal]]''
| Sathyamoorthy
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=6 May 2002 |title=Enemies in the State |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/06/stories/2002050605550200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201093811/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/06/stories/2002050605550200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1995
! scope="row" | ''[[Street (film)|Street]]''
| Sajeev
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Graph">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2009 |title=Filmography: Vikram |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/filmography-vikram-news-tamil-kkfsgvahbja.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201094302/http://www.sify.com/movies/filmography-vikram-news-tamil-kkfsgvahbja.html |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Malayalam films released during the year 1995 |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1995.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201094657/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1995.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=[[Department of Information and Public Relations (Kerala)|Information & Public Relations Department]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aadaalla Majaka]]''
| Vikram
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Difference">{{Cite news |last=Aravind |first=C. V. |date=2 December 2012 |title=A hero with a difference |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/295649/archives.php |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201092621/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/295649/archives.php |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Link">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=G. Manjula |date=6 July 2004 |title=Telugu link |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/06/stories/2004070600690400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201094912/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/07/06/stories/2004070600690400.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1996
! scope="row" | ''[[Ooha (film)|Ooha]]''
| Mohan
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/chiyaan-vikram-played-antagonist-in-this-1996-film-comedian-ali-was-the-hero-4781789.html |title=Chiyaan Vikram Played Antagonist in This 1996 Film; Comedian Ali Was The Hero |date=17 February 2022 |work=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1996/Feb/23-feb-1996.pdf |title=ఊహ [Ooha] |author=C. Narayana Rao |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |date=23 February 1996 |page=11}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Mayooranritham]]''
| Rajeev
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Graph" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Malayalam films released during the year 1996 |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1996.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201101814/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/1996.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |publisher=Information & Public Relations Department}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Akka! Bagunnava?]]''
| Pedababu
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Difference" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Indraprastham (film)|Indraprastham]]''
| Peter
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2008 |title=Glam girl Simran happy playing mom on screen |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |agency=IANS |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-glam-girl-simran-happy-playing-mom-on-screen-1166538 |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201102029/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-glam-girl-simran-happy-playing-mom-on-screen-1166538 |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2011 |title=Madras High Court quashes complaint lodged by film producer |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/film-producers-complaint-quashed/article1601146.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201102323/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/film-producers-complaint-quashed/article1601146.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rajaputhran]]''
| Manu
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Mollywood" />
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Merupu (1996 film)|Merupu]]''
| Guru
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Twice" />
|-
|rowspan="2" | 1997
! scope="row" | ''[[Itha Oru Snehagatha]]''
| Roy
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nair |first=Unni R. |date=13 August 2010 |title=Vikram to act in a Malayalam film |work=The Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vikram-to-act-in-a-malayalam-film/659056/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201102716/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/vikram-to-act-in-a-malayalam-film/659056/ |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rangarajan |first1=Malathi |last2=Ashok Kumar |first2=S. R. |date=31 May 2002 |title=Making hay ... |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/31/stories/2002053100940300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201102941/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/31/stories/2002053100940300.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ullaasam]]''
| Dev
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kannan |first=Ramya |date=7 January 2003 |title=Film Review: Whistle — whistle and watch 'whistle' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/01/07/stories/2003010706670200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201103151/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2003/01/07/stories/2003010706670200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=1 September 2012 |title=Dulquer, Vikram to team up? |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/dulquer-vikram-to-team-up/articleshow/16118664.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201104005/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Dulquer-Vikram-to-team-up/articleshow/16118664.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 1998
! scope="row" | ''[[Kangalin Vaarthaigal]]''
| Chandru
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Graph" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=20 March 1998 |title=Film Reviews: turblence/Rainmaker/Deadly Sins/Barasaat Ki Raat/Kangalin Vaarthaigal/Kalar Kanavugal |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980320/09/09200223.htm |url-status=live |access-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991116185721/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980320/09/09200223.htm |archive-date=16 November 1999}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" | 1999
! scope="row" | ''[[House Full (1999 film)|House Full]]''
| Hameed
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Glorious">{{Cite news |last=Moidu |first=KK |date=19 April 2007 |title=Expecting a glorious comeback |work=[[The Gulf Today]] |url=http://cinema4utv.blogspot.in/2008/01/expecting-glorious-comeback-vikram.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030183801/http://cinema4utv.blogspot.in/2008/01/expecting-glorious-comeback-vikram.html |archive-date=30 October 2014 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Sethu (film)|Sethu]]''
| Sethu (Chiyaan)
|[[Filmfare Special Award – South|Filmfare Special Jury Award]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Hit matters">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |date=27 March 2000 |title=All that matters is a hit |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/mar/27vikram.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110100/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/mar/27vikram.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=25 October 2004 |title=Testing the waters |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/10/25/stories/2004102501240202.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110205/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/10/25/stories/2004102501240202.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Nuvvu" /><ref name="Rajnikant">{{Cite news |date=22 December 2000 |title=Rajnikant bags best actor award |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/22/stories/04222235.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110327/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/22/stories/04222235.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Red Indians (film)|Red Indians]]''
| Rahul
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Graph" />
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2000
! scope="row" | ''[[Indriyam]]''
| Udhaya
| Malayalam film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Glorious" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=26 August 2000 |title=Tamil Talkies |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/aug/26tt.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110434/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/aug/26tt.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[9 Nelalu]]''
| Surendra
| Telugu film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Twice">{{Cite news |last=Domingo |first=Christopher |title=9 Nelalu Review |work=Fullhyd.com |url=http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/9-nelalu/telugu/9-nelalu-movie-reviews-1904-2.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417110809/http://movies.fullhyderabad.com/9-nelalu/telugu/9-nelalu-movie-reviews-1904-2.html |archive-date=17 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=22 December 2000 |title=Film Review: Kandaen Seethaiyai |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/22/stories/09220223.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110641/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/12/22/stories/09220223.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2001
! scope="row" | ''[[Vinnukum Mannukum]]''
| Selvam
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=13 April 2001 |title=Film review: Vinnukkum Mannukkum |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/04/13/stories/09130222.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110753/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/04/13/stories/09130222.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Dhill]]''
| Kanagavel
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=27 July 2001 |title=Film Review: Dhil |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/27/stories/09270222.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201110912/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/27/stories/09270222.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]''
| Kasi
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]]
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=21 December 2001 |title=Film Review: Kaasi |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/21/stories/2001122100840200.htm |url-status=usurped |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201111731/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/21/stories/2001122100840200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="PE">{{Cite news |date=June 2002 |title=Filmfare — Print Edition: 49th Filmfare Awards — South |work=[[Indiatimes]] |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/june2002/south.html |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201112837/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/june2002/south.html |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2002
! scope="row" | ''[[Gemini (2002 film)|Gemini]]''
| Gemini
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 April 2002 |title=Film Review: Gemini |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/19/stories/2002041900820201.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113016/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/19/stories/2002041900820201.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Samurai (2002 film)|Samurai]]''
| Thyagu
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 July 2002 |title=Film Review: Samurai |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/19/stories/2002071900910201.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113147/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/07/19/stories/2002071900910201.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[King (2002 film)|King]]''
| Raja
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=13 September 2002 |title=Film Review: King |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/09/13/stories/2002091300970300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113306/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/09/13/stories/2002091300970300.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2003
! scope="row" | ''[[Dhool]]''
| Aarumugam
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=24 January 2003 |title=Film Review: Dhool |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/24/stories/2003012401130200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113403/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/24/stories/2003012401130200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadhal Sadugudu]]''
| Suresh
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=18 April 2003 |title=Film Review: Kadhal Sadugudu |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041800950202.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113642/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/04/18/stories/2003041800950202.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Saamy]]''
| Aarusaamy Chockalingam
| Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=9 May 2003 |title=Film Review: Saami |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/09/stories/2003050901080200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113955/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/05/09/stories/2003050901080200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pithamagan]]''
| Chithan
| {{br list | [[National Film Award for Best Actor]] | Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Symphony">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=31 October 2003 |title=Film Review: Pithamagan |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101210200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201114428/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/10/31/stories/2003103101210200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2004 |title='Shwaas' adjudged the best film |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2004/08/15/stories/2004081509620100.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201114733/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2004/08/15/stories/2004081509620100.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="fareFilm">{{Cite news |date=4 June 2004 |title=Pithamagan bags six Filmfare awards |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2004/06/04/stories/2004060411680300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201114850/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2004/06/04/stories/2004060411680300.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Godfather">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2006 |title=State awards announced! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/state-awards-announced-news-tamil-kkfvtnhjciasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201115255/http://www.sify.com/movies/state-awards-announced-news-tamil-kkfvtnhjciasi.html |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 2004
! scope="row" | ''[[Arul (film)|Arul]]''
| Arulkumaran
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=7 May 2004 |title=Film Review: Arul |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/07/stories/2004050701940300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201115451/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/05/07/stories/2004050701940300.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3" | 2005
! scope="row" | ''[[Youth (2005 film)|Youth]]''
| Babu
| Telugu film; delayed release
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref name="Regular" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancine.ma/BGSV/info|title=Youth (2005)|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Anniyan]]''
| Ramanujam "Ambi" Iyengar (Remo/Anniyan){{efn|name=single role|Vikram played a single character with [[dissociative identity disorder]], taking on two further personalities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishnakumar |date=18 July 2005 |title=Shankar sculpts a good Anniyan |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/anniyan/20050618.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201115754/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/anniyan/20050618.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>}}
| Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=24 June 2005 |title=Film Review: Anniyan — You can bet on this stranger |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/06/24/stories/2005062400010200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201120510/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/06/24/stories/2005062400010200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Sweep">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2006 |title='Anniyan' sweeps Filmfare Awards! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201121105/http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibesi.html |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Majaa]]''
| Arivumathi
| Also assistant director
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=4 November 2005 |title=Film Review: Maja — Where is the entertainment? |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/04/stories/2005110402340200.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201121251/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/11/04/stories/2005110402340200.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2006 |title=I've struggled a lot to reach this level: Vikram |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/ive-struggled-a-lot-to-reach-this-level-vikram-477413.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170320150922/http://www.news18.com/news/india/ive-struggled-a-lot-to-reach-this-level-vikram-477413.html |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=20 March 2017 |publisher=CNN-News18 }}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 2008
! scope="row" | ''[[Bheemaa]]''
| Sekar
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=18 January 2008 |title=Film Review: Bheema — A bloodbath almost |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1432855.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201121827/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1432855.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 2009
! scope="row" | ''[[Kanthaswamy]]''
| V. Kanthaswamy
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=28 August 2009 |title=Film Review: Kanthaswamy — Cock and bull story |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article659685.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201122328/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article659685.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2010
! scope="row" | ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]''
| {{sortname|Dev Pratap|Sharma|nolink=1}}
| [[Hindi]] film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=25 June 2010 |title=Film Review: Raavan — Too little, too late |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2010/06/25/stories/2010062550370202.htm |url-status=usurped |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201125248/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2010/06/25/stories/2010062550370202.htm |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]''
| Veeraiya
| Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Masterstroke">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=19 June 2010 |title=Film Review: Raavanan — A masterstroke yet again |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article474237.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201122934/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article474237.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Glam">{{Cite news |date=4 July 2011 |title=Filmfare Awards 2010, South: A glam do |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/Filmfare-Awards-2010-South-A-glam-do/articleshow/9086979.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201123706/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/Filmfare-Awards-2010-South-A-glam-do/articleshow/9086979.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011
! scope="row" | ''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]''
| Krishna
| {{br list|Won—[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] | Nominated—Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="DTM">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=16 July 2011 |title=Film Review: Deiva Thirumagal — a sensitive poem on celluloid |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2233163.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201125614/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/article2233163.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=8 July 2012 |title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011 (South) |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201130529/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=26 June 2012 |title=59th Filmfare Awards South 2012 Nominations — Tamil |url=http://filmfareawardssouth.blogspot.in/2012/06/59th-filmfare-awards-south-2012.html |url-status=live |magazine=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201131054/http://filmfareawardssouth.blogspot.in/2012/06/59th-filmfare-awards-south-2012.html |archive-date=1 February 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Rajapattai]]''
| "Annal" Murugan
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Raja">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=24 December 2011 |title=Film Review: Rajapattai — Road much travelled |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/rajapattai-road-much-travelled/article2744514.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201131241/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/rajapattai-road-much-travelled/article2744514.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 2012
! scope="row" | ''[[Thaandavam]]''
| Shivakumar (Kenny Thomas){{efn|name=twonames|Vikram played a single character with two names.}}
| Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=29 September 2012 |title=Film Review: Thaandavam — Fiery dance of the righteous |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/thaandavam-fiery-dance-of-the-righteous/article3948755.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201132008/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/thaandavam-fiery-dance-of-the-righteous/article3948755.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=5 July 2013 |title=Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Tamil Nominations |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Filmfare-Awards-2013-South-Tamil-Nominations/articleshow/20925356.cms |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201133431/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Filmfare-Awards-2013-South-Tamil-Nominations/articleshow/20925356.cms |archive-date=1 February 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]''
| David (Sakku Santa){{efn|name=twonames|Vikram played a single character with two names.}}
| Hindi film{{efn|name=reshot|The film was partially reshot in Tamil with [[Jiiva]]; however, all of his scenes were dubbed from the Hindi version except for part of the climax scene.<ref name="Caravan" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KpKVHaVGZg |title=David Tamil Movie Climax Scene | Jeeva becomes pastor | Tabu comforts Vikram | End Credits |date=14 December 2016 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-david-is-underwhelming/20130201.htm |title=Review: David is well-acted but underwhelming |author=Sukanya Verma |work=Rediff.com | access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[David (2013 Tamil film)|David]]''
| David (Kirku Santa){{efn|name=twonames|Vikram played a single character with two names.}}
|Partially reshot version in Tamil{{efn|name=reshot}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeyakumar |first=Kirthi |date=2013-02-01 |title=Review: David is a masterpiece |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-tamil-david/20130201.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=7 October 2024 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103225522/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-tamil-david/20130201.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2015
! scope="row" | ''[[I (2015 film)|I]]''
| Lingesan (Lee){{efn|name=twonames}}
|50th film & Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=14 January 2015 |title=Film Review: I — A terrific performance let down by an uninspired, exhausting movie |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/i-movie-review-by-baradwaj-rangan/article6789179.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201141639/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/i-movie-review-by-baradwaj-rangan/article6789179.ece |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[10 Endrathukulla]]''
| James Bond
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |date=21 October 2015 |title=Film Review: 10 Enradhukulla — A slipshod road movie |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/10-enradhukulla-a-slipshod-road-movie/article7790285.ece |url-status=live |access-date=5 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505013158/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/10-enradhukulla-a-slipshod-road-movie/article7790285.ece |archive-date=5 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| scope="row" | 2016
! scope="row" | ''[[Iru Mugan]]''
| Akhilan Vinod and Dr. Love{{Efn|name=dual role|Vikram played two characters.}}
| Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2016 |title='Iru Mugan' movie review by audience: Live updates |work=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/edited-keep-hold-iru-mugan-movie-review-live-audience-response-692811 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912090529/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/edited-keep-hold-iru-mugan-movie-review-live-audience-response-692811 |archive-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
! scope="row" | ''[[Sketch (2018 film)|Sketch]]''
| Jeeva (Sketch){{efn|name=twonames}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |date=12 January 2018 |title=Sketch Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sketch/movie-review/62470965.cms |url-status=live |access-date=12 January 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180112095507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sketch/movie-review/62470965.cms |archive-date=12 January 2018 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Saamy Square]]''
| Aarusaamy Chockalingam and Ramasaamy Aarusaamy{{Efn|name=dual role}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=21 September 2018 |title=Saamy Square movie review: Vikram's inimitable style lights up an otherwise insipid action entertainer |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/saamy-square-movie-review-vikrams-inimitable-style-lights-up-an-otherwise-insipid-action-entertainer-5231921.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180921110437/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/saamy-square-movie-review-vikrams-inimitable-style-lights-up-an-otherwise-insipid-action-entertainer-5231921.html |archive-date=21 September 2018 |access-date=21 September 2018 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadaram Kondan]]''
| KK
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 July 2019 |title=Kadaram Kondan movie review: A sleek actioner whose parts work better than the whole |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kadaram-kondan-rating-movie-review-vikram-5838178/ |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719131211/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kadaram-kondan-rating-movie-review-vikram-5838178/ |archive-date=19 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Adithya Varma]]''
| Visitor in Dehradun
| Uncredited
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/chiyaan-vikrams-shot-in-adithya-varma-unseen-video-ft-dhruv-vikram.html |title=Chiyaan Vikram's shot in Adithya Varma unseen video ft Dhruv Vikram |date=8 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]''
|Gandhi Mahaan
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |title='Chiyaan 60': Makers rope in Vani Bhojan as the female lead in the Chiyaan Vikram starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-60-makers-rope-in-vani-bhojan-as-the-female-lead-in-the-chiyaan-vikram-starrer/articleshow/81107689.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]''
| Madhiazhagan (Madhi) and Kathirvelan (Kathir/[[Cobra]]){{Efn|name=dual role}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2019 |title=Vikram's next with Ajay Gnanamuthu titled 'Cobra', motion poster out |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikrams-next-ajay-gnanamuthu-titled-cobra-motion-poster-out-114769 |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2019 |title=Vikram's character and cobra have a link: Ajay Gnanamuthu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-character-and-cobra-has-a-link-ajay-gnanamuthu/articleshow/72966924.cms|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514152614/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikrams-character-and-cobra-has-a-link-ajay-gnanamuthu/articleshow/72966924.cms|archive-date=14 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''
| rowspan="2" | [[Aditha Karikalan]]
| Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="sify.2019.12.23">{{Cite web |title='Ponniyin Selvan' shoot progressing in Thailand! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/ponniyin-selvan-shoot-progressing-in-thailand-news-tamil-tmxj5Mjcgbijf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223060136/https://www.sify.com/movies/ponniyin-selvan-shoot-progressing-in-thailand-news-tamil-tmxj5Mjcgbijf.html |date=23 December 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=25 December 2019 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023
! scope="row"|''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''
| Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil
|style="text-align: center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2023 |title=Ponniyin Selvan 2: Vikram, Trisha, Jayaram, Sobhita watch the film with audience |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ponniyin-selvan-2-vikram-trisha-jayaram-sobhita-and-vikram-prabhu-watch-the-magnum-opus-with-audience/d02b065846727 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428130851/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ponniyin-selvan-2-vikram-trisha-jayaram-sobhita-and-vikram-prabhu-watch-the-magnum-opus-with-audience/d02b065846727 |archive-date=28 April 2023 |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref>
|-
|2024
! scope="row"|''[[Thangalaan]]''
| Thangalaan Muni, Kaadaiyan, Arasan (Aaran), Adhi Muni, Naga Muni{{Efn|name=Thangalaan|Vikram played five characters.}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/makers-of-thangalaan-release-glimpses-of-chiyaan-vikram-from-it-on-his-birthday-news-279038 |title=On Chiyaan Vikram's Birthday, 'Thangalaan' Makers Release His Look From The Film |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=17 April 2023 |work=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2025
! scope=row|''[[Veera Dheera Sooran]]''
| Kaali
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2024 |title=Vikram's 'Veera Dheera Sooran' goes on floors |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vikrams-veera-dheera-sooran-goes-on-floors/article68105184.ece/}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
! scope="row" {{pending film|italic=no|Chiyaan 63}}
| {{TBA}}
| Announced
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite news |title='Chiyaan 63' is official now; Vikram locks a debutant for his next shoot to commence soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chiyaan-63-is-official-now-vikram-locks-a-debutant-for-his-next-shoot-to-commence-soon/articleshow/124985491.cms |access-date=2025-10-31 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
! scope="row" {{pending film|italic=no|Chiyaan 64}}
| {{TBA}}
| Announced
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|date=16 July 2025|title=Chiyaan 64: Vikram joins hands with Prem Kumar for his next|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jul/16/chiyaan-64-vikram-joins-hands-with-prem-kumar-for-his-next|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
! scope="row" {{pending film|italic=no|Chiyaan 65}}
| {{TBA}}
| Announced
| style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chiyaan-63-vikram-teams-with-mandela-and-maaveeran-director-for-next/article68980556.ece|title=Chiyaan 63: Vikram teams with 'Mandela' and 'Maaveeran' director for next|work=The Hindu|last=|date=13 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
! scope="row" {{pending film|[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]}}
| John / Dhruv
| Unreleased film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 September 2023 |title=Vikram and Gautham Menon's 'Dhruva Natchathiram' release date out |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vikram-and-gautham-menons-dhruva-natchathiram-release-date-out/article67337403.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923142749/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vikram-and-gautham-menons-dhruva-natchathiram-release-date-out/article67337403.ece |archive-date=23 September 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== As a dubbing artist ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ Vikram film dubbing credits
|-
! Year
! Title
! Voiced for
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|rowspan="4"| 1993
! scope="row"| ''[[Jaathi Malli]]''
| [[Vineeth]]
|
|style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Amaravathi (1993 film)|Amaravathi]]''
| [[Ajith Kumar]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/cp/2007/09/28/stories/2007092850320900.htm |title=Cine Quiz: Questions & Answers |work=The Hindu |date=28 September 2007 | access-date=1 February 2015 |last=Ramanan |first=V. V. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201163706/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/cp/2007/09/28/stories/2007092850320900.htm | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Pudhiya Mugam]]''
| Vineeth
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" />
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Kshana Kshanam|Ennamo Nadakkuthu]]''
|[[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]]
|Lent his voice for Tamil dubbed version
|style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |author=Sukumaran, Shradha |date=17 June 2010 |title='My blood group is B+ and that's my motto' |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |access-date=31 July 2011 |url=http://www.livemint.com/2010/06/17200701/8216My-blood-group-is-B-an.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621065336/http://www.livemint.com/2010/06/17200701/8216My-blood-group-is-B-an.html |archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1994
! scope="row" | ''[[Paasamalargal]]''
| Ajith Kumar
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/Ajith-Kumar-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/48175752.cms |title=Ajith Kumar: Lesser Known Facts |work=The Times of India |date=1 May 2015 | access-date=23 October 2015 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://archive.today/20170114042443/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/ajith-kumar-lesser-known-facts/photostory/48175752.cms | archive-date=14 January 2017 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kaadhalan]]''
| [[Prabhu Deva]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-quiz/article6180476.ece |title=Cinema Quiz |work=The Hindu |date=5 July 2014 | access-date=1 February 2015 |last=Ramanan |first=V. V. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201164130/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-quiz/article6180476.ece | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[The Lion King]]''
| [[Jeremy Irons]]
|Voice for character Scar in Tamil dubbed version
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadinjool Kalyanam|Ennavale Adi Ennavale]]''
| [[Jayaram]]
|Lent his voice for Tamil dubbed version
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995
!scope="row"|''[[Raasaiyya]]''
|Prabhu Deva
|
|
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Kuruthipunal (film)|Kuruthipunal]]''
| [[Sab John|John Edathattil]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Kuru">{{cite news |url=http://ns7.tv/ta/actor-vikrams-birthday-today-congratulations-special-related.html |title=இன்று நடிகர் விக்ரமின் 50வது பிறந்தநாள்: வாழ்த்துகளுடன் சிறப்பு பகிர்வு | trans-title=Today is actor Vikram's 50th Birthday |publisher=News7 |date=17 April 2016 | access-date=20 March 2017 |language=ta | archive-url=https://archive.today/20170320154156/http://ns7.tv/ta/actor-vikrams-birthday-today-congratulations-special-related.html | archive-date=20 March 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1996
! scope="row" | ''[[Kadhal Desam]]''
| [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]]
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="adade">{{cite news |url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4468&id1=40&issue=20141013 |title=அடடே! | trans-title=Argh! |work=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |date=13 October 2014 | access-date=20 March 2017 |language=ta | archive-url=https://archive.today/20170320152222/http://www.kungumam.co.in/VArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4468&id1=40&issue=20141013 | archive-date=20 March 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Karuppu Roja]]''
| Amar Siddique
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1997
! scope="row" | ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]''
| [[Prabhu Deva]] (For 3 Scenes)
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|VIP]]''
| Abbas, Prabhu Deva
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Poochudava]]''
| rowspan="4"|Abbas
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1998
! scope="row" | ''[[Ini Ellam Sugame]]''
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Jolly (film)|Jolly]]''
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Aasai Thambi]]''
|
| style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Satya (1998 film)|Satya]]''
| [[J. D. Chakravarthy]]
|Lent his voice for Tamil dubbed version
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Caravan">{{cite journal |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/arts/man-steel |title=Man of Steel – How suffering turned a college lad into a Tamil superstar |journal=[[The Caravan]] |date=1 December 2013 | access-date=1 February 2015 |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj | author-link=Baradwaj Rangan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201165521/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/arts/man-steel | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]''
| [[Ben Kingsley]]
|Lent his voice for Tamil dubbed version
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Caravan" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/highlights/01-01-99/yearhig2.htm |title=Tamil Cinema 1998-Year Highlights (Part-2) |date=1 January 1999 |work=[[Dinakaran]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010112113500/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/highlights/01-01-99/yearhig2.htm|archive-date=12 January 2001|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999
! scope="row"| ''[[Devi (1999 film)|Devi]]''
|[[Shiju AR|Shiju]]
|Lent his voice for Tamil dubbed version
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Kannodu Kanbathellam]]''
|[[Suchindra Bali]]
|
|
|-
| 2000
! scope="row" | ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]''
| Abbas
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.livemint.com/Leisure/L8abhlgLrFnbGomirGjV9J/8216My-blood-group-is-B-and-that8217s-my-motto8217.html |title=My blood group is B+ and that's my motto |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Live Mint]] |date=17 June 2010 | access-date=1 February 2015 |last=Sukumaran |first=Shradha | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201170322/http://blog.livemint.com/Leisure/L8abhlgLrFnbGomirGjV9J/8216My-blood-group-is-B-and-that8217s-my-motto8217.html | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2022
! scope="row"| ''[[Cobra (2022 film)|Cobra]]''
|[[Sarjano Khalid]]
|Lent his voice to teenage version of himself
|
|-
|2024
! scope="row"| ''[[ARM (film)|ARM]]''
|[[Creator deity|Cosmic creator]] (Narrator)
|Lent his voice for Tamil dubbed version
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title=Are Mohanlal, Chiyaan Vikram And Shivarajkumar Part Of Tovino Thomas-starrer ARM?|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/are-mohanlal-chiyaan-vikram-and-shivarajkumar-part-of-tovino-thomas-starrer-arm-9048629.html|work=[[News 18]]|date=12 September 2024}}</ref>
|}

== Television ==

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vikram television credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 15em;" | Title
! scope="col" style="width: 10em;" | Role
! scope="col" style="width: 10em;" | Director
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Notes
! scope="col" style="width: 2em;" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1988
! scope="row"| ''Galatta Kudumbam''
| Vinod
| {{TableTBA|Unknown}}
| Six-episode TV series
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Caravan" />
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1995
!scope="row"| ''Chinna Chinna Aasai – Aarambam''
|Dubbing voice for [[Rajiv Krishna]]
|[[Heera Rajagopal]]
|TV series
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvDCv8Nv01E?si=q2uPnSC168c7tXjV|title=Chinna Chinna Aasai (Aarambam) | Episode 8 | Tamil Serial | Pyramid Plus|date=3 September 2021|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
!scope="row"| ''Chinna Chinna Aasai – Elakiya''
|Shankar
|Himself
|TV series
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maayMJ70vwI?si=8kG_IR0Qd0V4afOS|title=Chinna Chinna Aasai (Elakiya) | Episode 30 | Tamil Serial | Vikram | Pyramid Plus|date=25 September 2021|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
| 1999
! scope="row"| ''[[Siragugal]]''
| Chandrasekhar
| [[Manobala]]
| TV film
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Caravan" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/05/stories/09050464.htm |title=Grand aunt of the small screen |first=Chitra |last=Swaminathan |date=5 July 2001|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201170744/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/05/stories/09050464.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/26ss.htm |title=Gossip from the southern film industry: Back to London |work=Rediff.com |author=Rajitha |date=26 July 1999|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201171007/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jul/26ss.htm|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|}

== Commercial ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vikram commercial credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 20em;" | Organization
! scope="col" style="width: 17em;" | Director(s)
! scope="col" style="width: 17em;" | Role
! scope="col" style="width: 2em;" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1993
! scope="row"| [[Tata Group|Chola Tea]]
| {{TableTBA|Unknown}}
| King
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30722/chiyaan-vikram-chola-tea-to-chola-king-ponniyin-selvan|title=Vikram's Chola Tea to Chola King journey trends once again!|date=4 July 2022|work=Moviecrow|access-date=3 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
| {{TableTBA|Unknown}}
! scope="row"| [[TVS Motor Company|TVS Excel]]
| {{TableTBA|Unknown}}
| Himself
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" />
|-
| {{TableTBA|Unknown}}
! scope="row"| [[Hyderabad Allwyn|Allwyn Watches]]
| {{TableTBA|Unknown}}
| Himself
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref name="Regular" />
|-
| 2005
! scope="row"| [[Coca-Cola]]
| [[Rajiv Menon]]
| Various
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2005/04/19/stories/2005041910370200.htm |title=Vikram's latest role after 'Anniyan' |first=Sudhish |last=Kamath |date=19 April 2005|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201171133/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2005/04/19/stories/2005041910370200.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/coke-podu-news-tamil-kkfv53dhadhsi.html |title=Coke Podu! |website=[[Sify]] |date=19 April 2005|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201171309/http://www.sify.com/movies/coke-podu-news-tamil-kkfv53dhadhsi.html|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
! scope="row"| [[Brooke Bond]]
| Karthik Kotamraju
| Himself
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/rp/2011/08/07/stories/2011080750130400.htm |title=First Take: Coffee, tea or me? |newspaper=The Hindu |first=Rinku |last=Gupta |date=7 August 2011|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201171957/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/rp/2011/08/07/stories/2011080750130400.htm|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/trisha-and-vikram-are-together-again-news-tamil-kkguBUbffgisi.html |title=Trisha and Vikram are together again! |website=[[Sify]] |date=18 September 2010|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201171559/http://www.sify.com/movies/trisha-and-vikram-are-together-again-news-tamil-kkguBUbffgisi.html|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| [[Manappuram General Finance and Leasing]]
| {{br list | [[Priyadarshan]] | {{sortname|V. A.|Shrikumar|nolink=1}}}}
| Himself
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/management/gold-shines-in-advertising-mart-110061400047_1.html |title=Gold shines in advertising mart |newspaper=Business Standard |first=Tinesh |last=Bhasin |date=14 June 2010|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201172203/http://www.business-standard.com/article/management/gold-shines-in-advertising-mart-110061400047_1.html|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-19/news/27584445_1_manappuram-general-finance-loan-book-qip-route |title=Manappuram to take QIP route to raise Rs 1,000 crore |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=19 August 2010|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201172515/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-08-19/news/27584445_1_manappuram-general-finance-loan-book-qip-route|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/in-the-big-league/article3963112.ece |title=In the big league |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Athira |first=M |date=4 October 2012|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201172732/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/in-the-big-league/article3963112.ece|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
! scope="row"| Josco Jewellers
| [[Rathish Ambat]]
| Himself
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article370004.ece |title=Male Gold-models? |newspaper=The New Indian Express |last=Athira |first=M |date=3 April 2011|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201173144/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article370004.ece|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-brazilian-brigade/article2818628.ece |title=The Brazilian brigade |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Athira |first=M |date=21 January 2012|access-date=1 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201173514/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-brazilian-brigade/article2818628.ece|archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
|}

== Music video ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align: margin;"
|+ Vikram music video credits
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 4em;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 18em;" | Title
! scope="col" style="width: 8em;" | Composer
! scope="col" style="width: 10em;" | Director
! scope="col" style="width: 8em;" | Role
! scope="col" style="width: 20em;"| Notes
! scope="col" style="width: 2em;" | {{Refh}}
|-
| 2010
! scope="row"| "[[Mile Sur Mera Tumhara|Phir Mile Sur Mera Tumhara]]"
| [[Louis Banks]]
| [[Kailash Surendranath]]
| Himself
| {{Non-album single}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Phir-Mile-Sur-An-Anthem-is-Revived/673501 |title='Phir Mile Sur...': An Anthem is Revived |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=25 January 2010 |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201173905/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Phir-Mile-Sur-An-Anthem-is-Revived/673501 | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Selva-and-I-go-a-long-way-back-Vikram/articleshow/5611757.cms |title=Selva and I go a long way back: Vikram |work=The Times of India |date=25 February 2010 | access-date=1 February 2015 |last=Suresh |first=Tarunya | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201174337/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Selva-and-I-go-a-long-way-back-Vikram/articleshow/5611757.cms | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
! scope="row"| "One – The Unity Song"
| George Peter
| Sumesh Lal
| Himself
| {{Non-album single}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/a-grand-song-for-unity/article3422520.ece |title=A grand song for unity |work=The Hindu |date=16 May 2012 | access-date=1 February 2015 |last=Mathew |first=Dennis Marcus | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201174712/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/a-grand-song-for-unity/article3422520.ece | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| "Vanakkam Vaazhavaikum Chennai"
| [[Girishh G]]
| [[Pandiraj]]
| Himself
| Promotional video for the film ''[[Marina (2012 film)|Marina]]''
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-film-marina-deals-with-sensitive-issues/287736-66.html |title=Telugu film 'Marina' deals with sensitive issues |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=2 September 2012 | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201174958/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/telugu-film-marina-deals-with-sensitive-issues/287736-66.html | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php?newsid=7101 |title=Pandiraj ropes in Vikram, Sneha |publisher=[[Ayngaran International]] |date=10 January 2012 | access-date=1 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175135/http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php%3Fnewsid%3D7101 | archive-date=1 February 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2016
! scope="row"| "[[Spirit of Chennai]]"
| C. Girinandh
| [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]
| Himself
| {{Non-album single}}
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece |title=Celebrating the spirit of Chennai |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 January 2016 | access-date=22 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322103414/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/celebrating-the-spirit-of-chennai/article8083351.ece | archive-date=22 March 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Short film ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align: margin;"
|+ Vikram short film credits
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 4em;" | Year
! scope="col" style="width: 18em;" | Title
! scope="col" style="width: 10em;" | Director
! scope="col" style="width: 8em;" | Role
! scope="col" style="width: 20em;"| Notes
! scope="col" style="width: 2em;" | {{Refh}}
|-
| 2016
! scope="row"| ''Goodnight Charlie''
| [[Dhruv Vikram]]
| Producer
|
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/watch-vikrams-son-dhruv-makes-a-short-film-on-child-abuse|title=Watch: Vikram's son Dhruv makes a short film on child abuse|date=20 September 2016|work=[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]|access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/social/watch-dhruv-vikram-makes-directorial-debut-short-film-child-abuse-50052|title=Watch: Dhruv Vikram makes directorial debut with short film on child abuse|work=[[The News Minute]]|date=18 September 2016|access-date=17 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of awards and nominations received by Vikram]]

==Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|name=Vikram|id=1417314}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes person|chiyaan_vikram|Vikram}}

{{Portal bar|Film|India}}

[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]
[[Category:Discographies of Indian artists]]

First Carnatic War

2026-03-13T20:52:03Z

NoeMacmillan574: Adding A Entry

{{Short description|1746–1748 war in India}}
{{also|Siege of Trichinopoly (1743)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Carnatic War
| partof = the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] and the [[Carnatic Wars]]
| image = Surrender of The City of Madras 1746.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = ''The British surrender of Madras, 1746''
| date = 1744<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parker |first=Geoffrey |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Cambridge_Illustrated_History_of_War/b6bR5s3N_OwC?hl=pl&gbpv=1&dq=first+carnatic+war&pg=PA181&printsec=frontcover |title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare |date=2000-09-11 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79431-2 |page=181 |language=en}}</ref> or 1746<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/History_of_Modern_India/MS_jrForJOoC?hl=pl&gbpv=1&dq=first+carnatic+war&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover |title=History of Modern India: 1707 A.D. to Upto 2000 A.D. |date=2002 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0085-5 |page=22 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Longman_Panorama_History_8/VMZblvcyM8kC?hl=pl&gbpv=1&dq=first+carnatic+war&pg=PA11&printsec=frontcover |title=Longman Panorama History 8 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1176-7 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref>
–1748
| place = [[Carnatic region]], [[South India]]
| result = ''[[Status quo ante bellum]]''
| combatant1 = {{noflag}}[[Mughal Empire]] [[File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg|20px|border]] [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]
*[[File:Flag_of_Nawab.svg|20px]] [[Nawab of Carnatic]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Kingdom of France]]
*{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]]
| combatant3 = {{flagicon|Kingdom of Great Britain}} [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg}} [[British East India Company]]
| commander1 = [[Anwaruddin Khan]] [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah]]
| commander2 = [[Joseph François Dupleix]] [[Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais]]
| commander3 = [[Stringer Lawrence]] [[Edward Peyton]] [[Edward Boscawen]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| strength3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox First Carnatic War}}
{{Campaignbox War of the Austrian Succession}}
}}
The '''First Carnatic War''' (1744/1746–1748) was the Indian theatre of the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] and the first of a series of [[Carnatic Wars]] that established early British dominance on the east coast of the Indian subcontinent. In this conflict the [[British East India Company|British]] and [[French Indies Company|French]] East India Companies vied with each other on land for control of their respective trading posts at [[Chennai|Madras]], [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], and [[Cuddalore]], while naval forces of France and Britain engaged each other off the coast. The war set the stage for the rapid growth of French hegemony in southern India under the command of French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]] in the [[Second Carnatic War]].

==Course of the war==
{{hatnote|For details on the European causes of the war, see [[War of the Austrian Succession]].}}
In 1720 [[France]] effectively nationalised the [[French Indies Company|French East India Company]], and began using it to expand its imperial interests. This became a source of conflict with the [[British people|British]] in [[India]] with the entry of Britain into the [[War of the Austrian Succession]] in 1744.{{sfnp|Harvey|1998|p=30}} Hostilities in India began with a [[British Empire|British]] naval attack on a French fleet in 1745, which led the [[French people|French]] Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix|Dupleix]] to request additional forces.{{sfnp|Harvey|1998|p=31}} A fleet under [[Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais|La Bourdonnais]] arrived in 1746 to help him. In July of that year La Bourdonnais and British Admiral [[Edward Peyton]] fought [[Action of 6 July 1746|an indecisive action]] off Negapatam, after which La Bourdonnais put in at [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] for repairs and strategising with Dupleix. The fleets met again on 19 August, but Peyton refused battle, recognising that La Bourdonnais had acquired additional guns at Pondicherry, and retreated to [[Bengal]]. On 4 September 1746, La Bourdonnais led [[Battle of Madras|an attack on Madras]]. After several days of bombardment the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] surrendered and the French entered the city.{{sfnp|Malleson|1893|p=35}} The British leadership was taken prisoner and sent to [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. It was originally agreed that the town would be restored to the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] after negotiation but this was opposed by Dupleix, who sought to annex [[Chennai|Madras]] to French holdings.{{sfnp|Harvey|1998|pp=31–34}} The remaining British residents were asked to take an oath promising not to take up arms against the French; a handful refused, among them a young [[Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive|Robert Clive]], and were kept under weak guard as the French prepared to destroy the fort. Disguising themselves as natives, Clive and three others eluded their inattentive sentry, slipped out of the fort, and made their way to [[Fort St. David]] (the British post at Cuddalore), some {{convert|110|mi|km}} to the south.{{sfnp|Malleson|1893|p=38}}{{sfnp|Harvey|1998|pp=35–36}} Dupleix, in the meantime, had before the assault promised to turn over Fort St. George to the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]] [[Anwaruddin Khan]], but refused to do so.

Anwaruddin responded by sending a 10,000-man army to take the fort from Dupleix by force. Dupleix, who had lost the support of La Bourdonnais over the status of Madras, had only 930 French troops. However, in the [[Battle of Adyar]], this small force successfully repulsed the attacks of Anwaruddin's army.
[[File:Bombardement de Pondichery en 1748 par la flotte anglaise.jpg|thumb|250px|British Admiral [[Edward Boscawen]] besieged Pondicherry in late 1748]]

Dupleix then [[Siege of Cuddalore (First Carnatic War)|launched an assault]] on Fort St. David. Stung by his defeat at Adyar, Anwaruddin sent his son [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah|Muhammad Ali]] to assist the British in the defence of Cuddalore, and was instrumental in holding off a French attack in December 1746. Over the next few months Anwaruddin and Dupleix had made peace, and the Carnatic troops were withdrawn.

The French, under the command of De Brurie, launched another attempt to take Fort St. David, forcing the British defenders inside the fort's walls. The timely counterattack by the British and the Nawab, however, turned the tables and prompted the French to withdraw to Pondicherry.<ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane |first=M.S. |title=Battles of the Honorourable East India Company |publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |year=2014 |isbn=9788131300343 |pages=152–154}}</ref>

In 1748 Major [[Stringer Lawrence]] arrived to take command of the British troops at Fort St. David.{{sfnp|Harvey|1998|p=41}} With the arrival of reinforcements from Europe, the British [[Siege of Pondicherry (1748)|besieged Pondicherry]] in late 1748. Clive distinguished himself in successfully defending a trench against a French sortie: one witness of the action wrote "[Clive's] platoon, animated by his exhortation, fired again with new courage and great vivacity upon the enemy."{{sfnp|Harvey|1998|p=42}} The siege was lifted in October 1748 with the arrival of the [[monsoon]], and the war came to a conclusion with the arrival in December of news of the [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)|Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle]]. Under its terms [[Madras]] was returned to [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] control.

==Consequences==
The power of a small number of heavily-trained French and French trained Indian troops over larger Indian formations using older military tactics was not lost on [[Joseph Dupleix]], and over the next several years he capitalised on this advantage to greatly expand French influence in south India. In the [[Second Carnatic War]] (1748–1754) he took advantage of struggles for succession to the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] and Nawab of the Carnatic to establish strong French influence over a number of states in south India. The British East India Company, in contrast, did little to expand its own influence and only weakly attempted to oppose Dupleix's expansive activities. Robert Clive recognised that this threatened the entire livelihood of the Company in the area, and in 1751 engaged in a series of celebrated military exploits that cemented British control over [[Chennai|Madras]] by the end of that conflict. There were no territorial gains for either the British or the French and the former territories were restored to these two parties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Frank Modern Certificate History and Civics|last=Basu|first=Sucharita|publisher=Frank Bros. and Co|year=2019|isbn=978-9386811295|location=Noida|pages=49}}</ref> The war had also enhanced the prestige of the French in the Carnatic Region.<ref name=":0" />

== Naval Forces ==

=== French Royal Navy ===
The [[France|French]] naval squadron in the [[East Indies]] during the war included:<ref>[[George Nafziger]], ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210830053709/https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/746NXAE.pdf][[France|French]] Squadron in the East Indies 1746,'' [[United States]] Army Combined Arms Center.</ref>

* Commander, [[Bertrand François Mahé, comte de La Bourdonnais|Bertrand-François Mahé, Comte de La Bourdonnais]]
* '''Original Squadron'''
** ''Achille'' (74 guns, only 70 guns on-ship)
** ''Duc d'Orléans'' (56 guns, only 36 guns on-ship)
** ''Bourbon'' (56 guns, only 34 guns on-ship)
** ''Neptune'' (54 guns, only 34 guns on-ship)
** ''Phoenix'' (54 guns, only 34 guns on-ship)
** ''Sainte-Louis'' (44 guns, only 30 guns on-ship)
** ''Lys'' (40 guns, only 28 guns on-ship)
** ''Insulaire'' (30 guns, only 26 guns on-ship)
* '''Joining in September'''
** ''Centaure'' (74 guns)
** [[French ship Mars (1740)|''Mars'']] (56 guns)
** ''Brillant'' (50 guns)

=== British Royal Navy ===
The British naval squadron in the [[East Indies]] during the war included:<ref>[[George Nafziger]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20220202122514/https://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/documents/carl/nafziger/747NXAC.pdf ''Royal Navy Squadron in the East Indies 1747''], United States Army Combined Arms Center.</ref>

* Commander, [[Rear-admiral of the red|Rear-admiral of the Red]] [[Thomas Griffin (Royal Navy officer)|Thomas Griffin]]
* [[HMS Princess Mary (1742)|''HMS Princess Mary'']] (60 guns)
* [[HMS Medway (1742)|''HMS Medway'']] (60 guns)
* [[HMS Exeter (1697)|''HMS Exeter'']] (60 guns)
* [[HMS York (1706)|''HMS York'']] (60 guns)
* [[HMS Winchester (1744)|''HMS Winchester'']] (50 guns)
* [[HMS Harwich (1743)|''HMS Harwich'']] (50 guns)
* [[HMS Preston (1742)|''HMS Preston'']] (50 guns)
* ''HMS Eltham'' (40 guns)
* ''HMS Pearl'' (40 guns)
* ''HMS Medway's Prize'' (40 guns)
* ''HMS Lively'' (20 guns)

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Harvey |first=Robert |title=Clive: The life and Death of a British Emperor |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=1998 |isbn=9780340654408}}
* {{cite book|last=Malleson|first=George|title=Lord Clive|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VdQ2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1893|location=Oxford|oclc=2143228}}
{{French colonial campaigns}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carnatic War 01}}
[[Category:First Carnatic War| ]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1746]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1747]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1748]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Kingdom of France (987–1792)]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Colonial India]]
[[Category:18th century in India]]
[[Category:Carnatic wars]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:1746 in India]]
[[Category:War of the Austrian Succession]]

Bangalir Itihas: Adiparba

2026-03-13T06:11:01Z

NoeMacmillan574:

{{Short description|History book by Niharranjan Ray}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Bangalir Itihas: Adiparba
| image =
| caption =
| alt =
| author = [[Niharranjan Ray]]
| illustrator =
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| subject =
| publisher = The Book Emporium
| pub_date = 1949
| media_type = Printed book
| pages =
| awards = [[Rabindra Puraskar]] (1950)
}}
'''''Bangalir Itihas: Adiparba''''' is a book on the history of ancient Bengal and Bengalis written by [[Niharranjan Ray]]. It was published in 1949 by ''The Book Emporium''. The subject of the book is the history of the [[Bengalis]] and the homeland of the Bengalis; especially the past society, culture and economic life.<ref name="Chakraborty">{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Ranabir |title=বাঙ্গালীর ইতিহাস |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/rabibashoriyo/history-of-bengali-language-1.899683 |access-date=26 November 2023 |work=anandabazar.com |date=18 November 2018 |language=bn}}</ref>

[[Niharranjan Ray]] was an [[Indian people|Indian]]-[[Bengalis|Bengali]] historian, literary critic and art-researcher, and had a special interest in the history of the Bengalis. He was a distinguished member of several research institutes, and a professor at [[University of Calcutta]]. At the invitation of the [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishat]], he gave a lecture on the history of the Bengalis at the ''Adharacandra baktr̥tāmālā'' in 1346 [[Bangabda|Baṅgābda]]; the president of the session, [[Jadunath Sarkar]], urged him to write a complete history of the Bengalis. The author wrote ten of the book's fifteen chapters while in prison.

Niharranjan Ray was awarded the [[Rabindra Puraskar]], the highest literary award of [[West Bengal]], in 1950 as the author of ''Bangalir Itihas: Adiparba''.{{sfn|Ray|1993|p=762}}

== Background ==
[[Niharranjan Ray]] was invited to deliver three lectures on any aspect or episode of Indian history at the ''Adharacandra baktr̥tāmālā'' organized by the ''Bangiya Sahitya Parishat'' in 1346 [[Bangabda|Baṅgābda]]. Historian [[Jadunath Sarkar]] presided over the three-day lecture meeting. He praised Niharranjan Roy for his presiding remarks at the session, and called for the writing of a comprehensive book on history of Bengalis. Niharranjan Roy's speeches were published and appreciated in the magazine published by the ''Bangiya Sahitya Parishat''. But at that time, the first volume of a book on the history of Bengal was being written and edited by the [[University of Dhaka]], due to which he was not interested in writing a new book on the same subject.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=25}}

A book on the history of Bengal was published by the University of Dhaka in 1349 under the title "History of Bengal" edited by [[R. C. Majumdar|Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]]. Niharranjan Roy praised the book, and also became interested in writing the history of Bengalis.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=25}}

== Production ==
Niharranjan Ray was associated with the [[Quit India Movement]]. As a result, he was imprisoned by the British police in 1943. He thought about writing the book (''Bangalir Itihas: Adiparba'') before he was imprisoned. According to the author, he got free time during his imprisonment and during this free time he started writing the book. However, he could not complete the book during his imprisonment; of the 15 chapters of the book, completed ten chapters during imprisonment. In 1944, Niharranjan Roy was released from prison. He started the process of publishing the book from ''The Book Emporium'' with the help of his friend Birendranath Ghosh. He continued to write the remaining five chapters during the printing of the book's ten chapters. But around this time the 1946 Calcutta Killings broke out on [[Direct Action Day]], resulting in a complete one-year stoppage of printing. Finally, in 1949, the work of printing the book was completed and published.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=25}}

== Contents ==
The book covers its contents in 15 chapters:

=== Prathama adhyāẏa: Itihāsēra yukti ===
In this chapter, author Niharranjan Roy argues why he named the book ''Bangalir Itihas'' (History of Bengalis). He tried to highlight the basic meaning of Bengalis's history. He pointed out that various works and books related to the history of Bengal had been published for 50 years prior to the writing of this book. Historians and scholars have published many researches on this subject. He also said that the writers or historians of this period mainly wrote history based on the reign of the kings who ruled Bengal and their dynasties. After that, he said that in his book, he mainly presented the history of Bengalis social life, and according to him, the history of this social life is the history of Bengalis.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=31}}{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=41–62}}

=== Ēkādaśa adhyāẏa: Dainandina jībana ===
In this chapter, writer Niharranjan Roy describes the daily life of Bengalis at that time. Food habits, hunting and sports, clothing, ornamentation, rural lifestyles, lower caste lifestyles and women's society are described. In this chapter it is mentioned that [[rice]] was the [[staple food]] of [[Bengalis]] from the earliest times. Bengalis have acquired the habit of eating rice from the civilization and culture of the [[Austric languages|Austric]]-speaking [[Proto-Australoid]]. The author mentions fish, meat, curries and fruits in the Bengali diet. Hunting was the prominent sport among kings and feudal lords, and the ''Kari'' game, the ''[[Bagh bandi]]'' game and the ''[[Sixteen soldiers|sholghara]]'' game were prominent sports among women. The Bengali society of that time used ornaments, both men and women used ornaments such as [[Necklace|''kanthahar'']] (necklace) and ''mekhla''.{{sfn|Ray|2022|pp=569–607}}

== Publication ==
''The Book Emporium'' was the publishing house of the book. The publishing house first published the book in 1949. However, the first edition of the book quickly sold out. In 1951, the publishing house published a reprint (second edition) of the first edition.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=5}} 2,200 copies of the first reprint sold out within a year.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=17}}

''Paścimabaṅga nirakṣaratā dūrīkaraṇa samiti'' ({{langx|en|West Bengal Illiteracy Eradication Society}}) published the third edition of the book in 1980. This edition of the book was published in two volumes.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=5}} A total of 10,000 copies of the book were published in the edition.{{sfn|Ray|2022|p=17}} A new edition was published by ''Dey's Publishing'' in 1992.

== References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Niharranjan |title=বাঙ্গালীর ইতিহাস: আদি পর্ব |script-title=bn:Bāṅgālīra itihāsa: Ādiparba |trans-title=History of Bengalis: Early Phases |date=1993 |publisher=Dey's Publishing |location=Kolkata |isbn=81-7079-270-3 |edition=Dey's [3rd] |url=https://ia801203.us.archive.org/8/items/BangalirItihasAdiparbaByNiharranjanRoy/Bangalir%20Itihas%20Adiparba%20by%20Niharranjan%20Roy.pdf |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=bn}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Niharranjan |title=বাঙ্গালীর ইতিহাস: আদি পর্ব |script-title=bn:Bāṅgālīra itihāsa: Ādiparba |trans-title=History of Bengalis: Early Phases |date=2022 |publisher=Dey's Publishing |location=Kolkata |isbn=978-81-295-1977-1 |edition=Dey's [17th] |language=bn}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1949 non-fiction books]]

Zahida Zaidi

2026-03-09T04:56:34Z

NoeMacmillan574: added first stub v1.

{{Short description|Indian scholar (1930–2011)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Zahida Zaidi
|image = Zahida_zaidi.jpg
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = 4 January 1930
|birth_place = [[Meerut]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|1|11|1930|1|4|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Aligarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
|alma mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[University of Cambridge]]
|occupation = Writer and poet
|known_for = Poetry in Urdu and English
|notable_works = More than 30 books, and translations of [[Chekhov]], [[Luigi Pirandello|Pirandello]], [[Samuel Beckett|Beckett]], [[Sartre]], and [[Eugène Ionesco|Ionesco]]
}}
'''Zahida Zaidi''' (4 January 1930 – 11 January 2011) was an Indian scholar, professor of English literature, poet, dramatist, playwright, and literary critic. Her literary contributions include more than 30 books in [[Urdu]] and English related to social, psychological, and philosophical aspects, and the translation of the literary works of [[Chekhov]], [[Luigi Pirandello|Pirandello]], [[Samuel Beckett|Beckett]], [[Sartre]], and [[Eugène Ionesco|Ionesco]]. She produced and directed several plays of Indian and Western authors in Urdu and English.<ref name=Lead>{{Cite web|url=https://rekhta.org/poets/zahida-zaidi/profile|title=Zahida Zaidi 1930–2011|access-date=5 April 2016|publisher= rekhta.org}}</ref><ref name="TharuLalita1993">{{cite book|author1=Susie J. Tharu|author2=Ke Lalita|title=Women Writing in India: The twentieth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjZYf9Xf9bcC&pg=PA322|year=1993|publisher=Feminist Press at CUNY|isbn=978-1-55861-029-3|pages=322–}}</ref><ref name= Service>{{Cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sajida-zaidi-celebrated-urdu-writer-passes-away-at-84/760896/|title=Sajida Zaidi, celebrated Urdu writer, passes away at 84|date=11 March 2011|access-date=5 April 2016|newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref> She received the Hum Sab Ghalib Award for Urdu drama awarded by the Ghalib Institute, Delhi, and the Kul Hind Bahadur Shah Zafar Award.<ref name=Main/>

==Early life and education==
Zahida Zaidi was born on 4 January 1930 in [[Meerut]], India. She was the youngest of five daughters. Her father, S.M. Mustehsin Zaidi, taught mathematics at the [[University of Cambridge]] and was a well-known advocate in Meerut. He died when Zaidi was very young. Her paternal grandfather, K. G. Saqulain, was a noted social reformer, while her maternal grandfather, Maulana Khwaja [[Altaf Hussain Hali]], was an Urdu poet.<ref name=Main/> An older sister, [[Sajida Zaidi]], who died two months after her, was also a well-known poet and a professor of education at the [[Aligarh Muslim University|Aligarh Muslim University (AMU)]]; the two were famously known as the "Zaidi Sisters" in the literary community.<ref name= Service/> Though from a conservative [[Islamic culture|Muslim society]], she and Sajida stopped wearing the [[burqa]] as students at the AMU and rode their bicycles to class.<ref name=Lead/><ref name= Service/><ref name=Main>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article2611.html|title=Remembering Zahida Zaidi|journal=Mainstream Weekly|volume=XLIX|issue=12|date=15 March 2011|access-date=3 May 2016}}</ref>

Her widowed mother moved the family from Meerut to Panipat and sent her girls to study at the AMU, as it was a premier educational institution.<ref name=Lead/><ref name= Service/><ref name=Five>{{Cite web|url=http://www.readperiodicals.com/201102/2278430671.html|title=India: Remembering Zahida Zaidi, Poetry's Child|access-date=6 March 2016|publisher= Women's Feature Service: Readperiodicals.com}}</ref> At AMU, Zaidi obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Master of Arts (MA) in English language. She continued her academic career in England, studying with a Modified Overseas Merit Scholarship at the [[University of Cambridge]], where she obtained BA Honours and MA degrees in English. On her return to India, she taught English at the [[Lady Irwin College]] and [[Miranda House, University of Delhi]], and also at Women's College, AMU, from 1952 to 1964. She was appointed Reader in the AMU Department of English in 1964. In 1983 she became a Professor of English, and retired in 1988. Earlier, during 1971–72, she worked as a fellow at the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]] in [[Shimla]].<ref name="TharuLalita1993"/><ref name=Main/>

==Literary career==
Zaidi was a poet and dramatist of distinction in English and Urdu. Her translations into Urdu include the plays of [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Luigi Pirandello]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], and [[Samuel Beckett]], as well as [[Pablo Neruda]]'s poetry; these works were translated from the original versions in French, Italian, and English. She proficiently staged many of these plays. Besides drama, her interests included philosophy and religion, and Western, Indian, and Persian literature. Through her writings, she was fond of expressing an "existential and mystical strain" and had a knack for word-play. Her debut collection of poetry, ''Zahr-e-Hyat'' (Life's Poison) (1970), earned her the Urdu Academy Award in 1971. Her second poetry collection was titled ''Dharti ka Lams'' (Touch of Earth) (1975). Her poems titled ''Beyond Words'' and ''Broken Pieces'' were published in 1979.<ref name="TharuLalita1993"/> Her last book was ''Glimpses of Urdu Literature'', which included a section on ''Nature in Iqbal's poetry''.<ref name=Five/>

Zaidi died in Aligarh on 11 January 2011.<ref name=Lead/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zaidi, Zahida}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:People from Meerut]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Urdu-language women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women educators from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educators from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Recipients of Ghalib Award]]
[[Category:20th-century women educators]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University]]
[[Category:Twelvers]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Manus Ek Mati

2026-03-04T09:42:51Z

NoeMacmillan574: stub - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Manus Ek Mati
| image = Manus Ek Mati Film Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Suresh Shankar Zadhe
| producer = Sharda Vijaykumar Kharat
| writer = Suresh Shankar Zadhe
| starring = [[Siddharth Jadhav]], [[Ruchita Jadhav]], Ganesh Yadav, Swapnil Rajshekhar, Vilas Ujawne, Harsha Gupte, Varad Chavan
| music = Prashant Hedau, Amar Desai
| cinematography = Sandeep Shinde
| editing = Vijay Wamanrao
| studio = Shivam Entertainment India Limited
| distributor = Sunshine Studio
| released = {{Film date|2017|03|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 130 minsutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Manus Ek Mati''''' is a Marathi film released theatrically on 24 March 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.veermarathi.co.in/2017/01/manus-ek-mati-marathi-movie.html|title=Manus Ek Mati Marathi Movie|newspaper=Marathi Hindi Movie Mp3, Video Songs Download, Trailers, News, Posters Download - VeerMarathi.co.in|access-date=2017-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://majjaooo.blogspot.in/2017/01/blog-post_27.html|title="माणूस एक माती" चित्रपटाचा फर्स्ट लुक|website=majjaooo.blogspot.in|access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref> This film is presented by Shivam Saheli Pariwar and is produced under the banner Shivam Entertainment India Ltd by Sharda Vijaykumar Kharat. The film is directed by Suresh Shankar Zade. Vijaykumar Kharat and Dilip Nimbekar are the co-producers and Deva Pande is the executive producer of this film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webmaharashtra.com/?p=8588|title="माणूस एक माती"चा फर्स्ट लुक – Webmaharashtra|website=www.webmaharashtra.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Siddharth Jadhav]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Ruchita Jadhav]]<ref name=":0" />
* Ganesh Yadav <ref name=":0" />
* Swapnil Rajshekhar <ref name=":0" />
* Vilas Ujawane <ref name=":0" />
* Harsha Gupte <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.megamarathi.com/marathi-movies/manus-ek-mati-marathi-movie/|title=Manus Ek Mati Marathi Movie Starcast Release Date Songs Videos Trailer Wiki|last=megamarathi|date=2017-01-31|newspaper=MegaMarathi.Com|access-date=2017-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Heena Panchal]] as an item number

== Soundtrack ==
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Lyrics
!Music
!Length
!Reference
|-
|1.
|"Sakhya Re Sajana"
|[[Swapnil bandodkar]], [[Neha Rajpal]]
|Prashant Hedaoo
|Prashant Hedaoo
|3:54
|<ref name=":1">{{Citation|title=Manus Ek Mati|url=http://gaana.com/album/manus-ek-mati|accessdate=2017-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Sakhya Re Sajana by Swapnil Bandodkar, Neha Rajpal|date=2017-02-14|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/marathi/Manus-Ek-Mati/Sakhya-Re-Sajana/XREcfSFDU1Q|accessdate=2017-03-19}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|"India Dance Karega"
|Adarsh Shinde
|Prashant Hedaoo, Vinod Dhotre
|Prashant Hedaoo
|3:20
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation|title=India Dance Karega by Adarsh Shinde|date=2017-02-14|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/marathi/Manus-Ek-Mati/India-Dance-Karega/QjpefAFiGgo|accessdate=2017-03-19}}</ref>
|-
|3.
|"Tumchyasathi Pavhan"
|[[Bela Shende]]
|Prashant Hedaoo
|Prashant Hedaoo
|2:34
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Tumchyasathi Pavhan by Bela Shende|date=2017-02-14|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/marathi/Manus-Ek-Mati/Tumchyasathi-Pavhan/QSw7VR92BmE|accessdate=2017-03-19}}</ref>
|-
|4.
|"Bebo Bebo"
|Adarsh Shinde, Sheenz Arora
|Arun Patekar
|Prashant Hedaoo
|3:59
|<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Citation|title=Bebo Bebo by Adarsh Shinde, Sheenz Arora|date=2017-02-14|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/marathi/Manus-Ek-Mati/Bebo-Bebo/Ni80QzBcXAo|accessdate=2017-03-19}}</ref>
|}

== Production ==
''Manus Ek Mati'' is set on the backdrop of today's busy lifestyle which makes people forget their relationship with others.<ref name=":0" /> In this film [[Siddharth Jadhav]] will be seen in a new look.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://marathicelebs.com/first-look-of-siddharth-jadhavs-manus-ek-mati-is-out/|title=First look of Siddharth Jadhav's 'Manus Ek Mati' is out - MarathiCelebs.com|last=Anuprita|date=2017-01-28|newspaper=MarathiCelebs.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref> Siddharth is playing an old man in this film. His character will be a person who does something visionary or important in the story of this film. Actress Smita Gondkar will be seen in a lavani song while [[Indra Kumar]], [[Heena Panchal]] and [[Milind Gunaji]] will be seen in item song.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.veermarathi.co.in/2017/01/manus-ek-mati-marathi-movie.html|title=Manus Ek Mati Marathi Movie|newspaper=Marathi Hindi Movie Mp3, Video Songs Download, Trailers, News, Posters Download - VeerMarathi.co.in|access-date=2017-02-04}}</ref>

The film's music is directed by Mr. Prashant Hedaoo and film's [[Background score]] is done by Mr. Salil Amrute. The poster of this film was launched in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ManusEkMatifilm/|title=Security Check Required|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2017-02-08}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6471162}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manus Ek Mati}}
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2017 Marathi-language films]]

Vilayattu Bommai

2026-03-04T05:06:35Z

NoeMacmillan574: added a stub w/ refs.

{{No plot|date=September 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vilayattu Bommai.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[T. R. Raghunath]]
| writer = A. L. Narayanan
| producer = [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]]
| starring = T. R. Mahalingam [[Kumari Kamala]]
| music = [[T. G. Lingappa]]
| cinematography = R. Sampath
| editing = R. Devarajan
| studio = Sri Sukumar Productions
| distributor = Famous Films<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 May 1954 |title=Vilayattu Bommai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540515&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=9 September 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1954|05|14}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Vilaiyattu Bommai''''' ({{translation|''Playing toy''}}) is a 1954 Indian [[Tamil language]] film directed by T. R. Raghunath. The film stars [[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]] and [[Kumari Kamala]].<ref name="anandan">{{Cite web |date=23 October 2004 |title=1954 – விளையாட்டு பிள்ளை – சுகுமார் புரொடக்சன்ஸ் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails30.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318012225/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails30.asp |archive-date=18 March 2017 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Ta}}</ref>

== Cast ==
The following list was compiled from [[Film News Anandan]]'s database.<ref name="anandan" />
{{cast listing|
*[[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]]
*[[Kumari Kamala]]
*[[K. Sarangapani]]
*[[B. R. Panthulu]]
*''Baby'' Radha (Kumari Kamala's sister)
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
*[[E. V. Saroja]]
*[[K. A. Thangavelu]]
*Lakshmiprabha
}}

== Production ==
''Vilaiyattu Bommai'' is the fourth film produced by T. R. Mahalingam via the production company Sri Sukumar Productions. It was originally titled ''Vilaiyattu Pillai''.<ref name="dailythanthi">{{Cite web |date=11 June 2016 |title=38. சொந்தப்படம் எடுத்ததால் மகாலிங்கத்துக்கு ஏற்பட்ட சோதனை |trans-title=38. Misfortunes of Mahalingam by producing films |url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2016/06/11133007/If-you-own-Film-The-Problem-for-makalingam.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820194215/http://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2016/06/11133007/If-you-own-Film-The-Problem-for-makalingam.vpf |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=18 March 2017 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[T. G. Lingappa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=82 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Length
|-
| "Mohathai Konruvidu" || rowspan=3|[[T. R. Mahalingam (actor)|T. R. Mahalingam]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Subramania Bharati]]||
|-
| "Theertha Karaiyinile" || 03:09
|-
| "Vidhikku Manidhane" || rowspan=5|[[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 03:21
|-
| "Maliyeri Maavilakku Poduvaar" || [[A. P. Komala]]||
|-
| "Kalai Chelvame Vaazhgave" || rowspan=2|[[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]||
|-
| "Kannil Prasannamaana Kaliye" ||
|-
| "Inba Vaanil Ulaavum" || T. R. Mahalingam & Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi ||
|-
| "Kannalagi Ennaipol Yaarundu" || [[Jikki]]|| rowspan="3" |K. P. Kamatchisundaram ||
|-
| "Periyorgal Sollai Pola" || Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi ||
|-
| "Mullaimalar Kodiyin Nizhalile" || T. R. Mahalingam ||
|}

== Reception ==
''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film a favourable review for the performances of Mahalingam and Kamala, as well as the comedy of Sarangapani and Thangavelu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 May 1954 |title=Vilayattu Bommai |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19540529&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=9 September 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Despite this, it was a box office failure.<ref name="dailythanthi" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1954 Indian films]]
[[Category:1954 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]
[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Raghunath]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. G. Lingappa]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]

Arzoo (1950 film)

2026-03-04T04:11:39Z

NoeMacmillan574: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Arzoo
| image = Arzoo film poster, 1950.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Shaheed Latif]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Wuthering Heights]]''|[[Emily Brontë]]}}
| producer = Hiten Chowdhary
| writer = [[Ismat Chugtai]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dilip Kumar]] [[Kamini Kaushal]] [[Shashikala]]
| music = [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]
| cinematography = S Srivastava
| editing = J. S. Diwadkar
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1950|6|16|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget = 
}}
'''''Arzoo''''' ({{Lit|Desire}}) is a 1950 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama]] film directed by [[Shaheed Latif]] and produced by Hiten Chaudhary. The film stars [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Kamini Kaushal]] and [[Shashikala]]. The film's music is by [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]. [[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]] appears as a dancer in the song "Aao Milke Jawani Ki Loote Bahaar". It is loosely based on [[Emily Brontë]]'s 1847 novel ''[[Wuthering Heights]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-10|title=When the unforgettable Dilip Kumar met Bronte|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/when-the-unforgettable-dilip-kumar-met-bronte-101625906675361.html|access-date=2021-07-26|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Hindi Film Songs - Arzoo (1950)|url=http://myswar.co/album/arzoo-1950|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-26|website=myswar.co|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808170213/http://myswar.co/album/arzoo-1950 |archive-date=8 August 2020 }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Dilip Kumar]] as Badal (based on [[Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)|Heathcliff]])<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
*[[Kamini Kaushal]] as Kamini "Kammo" (based on [[Catherine Earnshaw]])<ref name=":0" />
*[[Shashikala]] as Kamla
*[[Gope (actor)|Gope]] as Randhir
*[[Cuckoo Moray|Cuckoo]] as Dancer

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Ae Dil Mujhe Aisi Jagah"
| [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Mila Gaye Nain"
| [[Sudha Malhotra]]
|-
| "Jana Na Dil Se Door"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Kahan Tak Hum"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Mera Naram Karajwa"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Aayi Bahar, Jiya Dole Mora"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Unhe Hum Jo Dil Se"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Hamen Maar Chala"
| [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]
|-
| "Tose Bichhadke"
| [[Anil Biswas (composer)|Anil Biswas]]
|-
| "Jao Sidharo, Hey Radha Ke Shyam, Laj Tumhare Hath Hai, Dekho Preet Na Ho Badnaam"
| [[Shamshad Begum]], [[S. D. Batish]], [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id= 0042207|title=Arzoo}}

{{Wuthering Heights}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arzoo (1950 Film)}}
[[Category:1950 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anil Biswas]]
[[Category:1950 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1950 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1950 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films based on Wuthering Heights]]

{{1950s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Akeli Mat Jaiyo

2026-03-04T03:58:13Z

NoeMacmillan574: brief refined citations after review further and fixed typos

{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Akeli Mat Jaiyo
| image = Akeli Mat Jaiyo.jpg
| producer = Gohar K. Mamajiwala, Chandulal Shah, Navinchandra C. Shah
| director = Nandlal Jaswantlal
| writer = Chandulal Shah (story and screenplay), Akhtar-Ul-Iman (dialogue)
| editing = Shankarlal Nayak
| cinematography = Vasant Nagesh Buva
| starring = [[Rajendra Kumar]] [[Meena Kumari]] [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] [[Minoo Mumtaz]] [[Ruby Myers]] [[Leela Mishra]]
| music= [[Madan Mohan]]
| language = Hindi
| released = {{Film date|1963|04|12|df=yes}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
}}
'''''Akeli Mat Jaiyo''''' (English: ''Don't go alone'') is a 1963 [[Bollywood]] film starring [[Rajendra Kumar]] and [[Meena Kumari]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Jaswantlal |first=Nandlal |title=Akeli Mat Jaiyo |type=Comedy, Romance |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0139003/ |access-date=2025-04-04 |others=Meena Kumari, Rajendra Kumar Tuli, Agha |publisher=Ranjit Films}}</ref>

==Cast==
Source:<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://mubi.com/en/au/films/akeli-mat-jaiyo |title=Akeli Mat Jaiyo (1963) {{!}} MUBI |language=en |access-date=2025-04-04 |via=mubi.com}}</ref>
* [[Rajendra Kumar]] as Prince Amardeep/Rajendrakumar
* [[Meena Kumari]] as Seema
* [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] as Ram Singh
* [[Ruby Mayer]] as Queen
* [[Leela Mishra]] as Rajendra's mother
* [[Minoo Mumtaz]] as Shobha
* [[Noor Mohammed Charlie]]
* [[Sulochana Latkar]]
* [[Leela Mishra]]
* Uma Khosla as Seema Friend
* Manju
* Binki
* Monica
* Prem Kumar
* Nandina

==Soundtrack==
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akeli Mat Jaiyo |url=https://myswar.co/album/akeli-mat-jaiyo-1963}}</ref>

All songs were composed by [[Madan Mohan]] and written by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]].
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Akeli Mat Jaiyo"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Woh Jo Milte The Kabhi"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Yeh To Kaho Kaun Ho Tum, Meri Bahar Tum Hi"
| Lata Mangeshkar, [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| "Yeh Hawa Yeh Mastana Mausam, Dil Ko Phir"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi
|-
| "Raste Me Do Anjane Aise Mile Deewane"
| Mohammed Rafi, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Yeh Cycle Ka Chakkar Kabhi Aage Kabhi Peeche"
| Mohammed Rafi, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Thodi Der Ke Liye Mere"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Chal Chal Chal Mere Dil"
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb title|0139003}}

[[Category:1963 films]]
[[Category:1963 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1963 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Madan Mohan]]

{{1960s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige

2026-03-03T21:43:55Z

NoeMacmillan574: Article updated with improved flow

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige.jpg
| director = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]
| writer = Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar
| producer = [[K. Manju]]
| starring = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
| music = [[Mano Murthy]]
| released = {{Film date|2007|08|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 150 minutess
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige''''' ({{translation|Speak, Speak out, Jasmine}}), is a 2007 [[Kannada]]-language film directed by [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]] starring [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]. The film depicts the challenges faced by the people living in rural areas of India.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/movie-reviews/Mathad-Mathadu-Mallige-Kannada/movie-review/2309091.cms|title=Mathad Mathadu Mallige (Kannada) Movie Review|work=The Times of India|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="rediff.com">http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/24ssmath.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016163306/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/24ssmath.htm |date=16 October 2007 }} [[Rediff]]</ref>

== Plot ==
The film starts with a happy small family of Hoovaiah ([[Dr.Vishnuvardhan]]) and Kanaka ([[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]) having a small field growing flowers of Mallige, Sampige and other flowers which spread fragrance. The couple has three daughters in a small village of Jenu Koppa. Hoovaiah stands true to his devotion to Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha come whatever may facing with nonchalance and non-violence. Globalization companies cause problems for the village as there are rich mineral deposits nearby. Hoovaiah, [[zamindar]] of Jenu Koppa village, is a flower seller. Villagers revere him. When the government gives an MNC the license to acquire land for mining in Jenukoppa, he strongly opposes it. But Kurupayya (Rangayana Raghu) joins hands with politicians and officials and tries to brainwash people to sell their land for a huge amount. Police atrocities and lathi charges on villagers force Hoovaiah to fight a lone battle against land acquisition. Fed up with the turn of events, all the villagers decide to leave the village. But Hoovaiah launches a hunger strike to save the village and finally wins the battle.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Dr.Vishnuvardhan]] as Hoovaiah
* [[Suhasini Mani Ratnam|Suhasini]] as Kanaka
* [[Nivedhitha]]
* [[Arun Sagar]]
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Kurupayya
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]]
* [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]
* [[C. R. Simha]]
* [[Mandya Ramesh]]
* [[Sihi Kahi Chandru]]
* [[Komal (actor)|Komal]]
* Santhosh Aryan
*[[Bank Janardhan]]
* [[Sudeep]] as Extremist Leader (Guest appearance)
}}

== Soundtrack ==

The official soundtrack contains 9 songs composed by [[Mano Murthy]] with lyrics penned by [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]] and Gollahalli Shivprasad.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Baaro Nam Terige
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Nanditha]], [[B. Jayashree]]
| lyrics1 = [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Jhana Jhana
| extra2 = [[C. Aswath]]
| lyrics2 = Gollahalli Shivprasad
| length2 =
| title3 = Nammane Aramane
| extra3 = [[Balasubrahmanyam]], Nanditha, Vidya, Amrutha, Shantala Vattam
| lyrics3 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| length3 =
| title4 = Elli Hodavo
| extra4 = [[Picchalli Srinivas]]
| lyrics4 = Gollahalli Shivprasad
| length4 =
| title5 = Banna Bannada Hoove
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics5 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| length5 =
| title6 = Elli Hodavo (Pathos)
| extra6 = Praveen Datt Stephen
| lyrics6 = Gollahalli Shivprasad
| length6 =
| title7 =Bevara Hanigale
| extra7 = [[Picchalli Srinivas]], Gollahalli Shivprasad, Jenny
| lyrics7 =Gollahalli Shivprasad
| length7 =
| title8 = Appikonda
| extra8 =Shantala Vattam
| lyrics8 = Gollahalli Shivprasad
| length8 =
| title9 = Baaro Nanna Sharukh
| extra9 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| lyrics9 = Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
| length9 =
}}

== Release ==
''Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige'' was released on 24 August 2007. The film was also released in [[San Jose, California]], United States on 24 August 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chirag-entertainers.com/film/mmm/mmm.asp|title=Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige|publisher=chirag-entertainers.com|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714112414/http://www.chirag-entertainers.com/film/mmm/mmm.asp|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
The film got positive reviews upon its release. Rediff.com gave 4/5 stars saying "Maathaad Maathaadu Mallige is not a film with slow paced narration; it is a commercial film with a good message. A must-see film.".<ref name="rediff.com" /> Times of India gave 4/5 stars and wrote "VISHNUVARDHAN'S brilliance and an excellent script by Nagathihalli Chandrasekhar make Mathad Mathadu Mallige a film worth watching".<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com" /> Indiaglitz.com gave score 8/10 stating "This is not just a film. Film that is food for thought too! It is an awakening cinema and clarion call for the villagers and farmers."<ref name="indiaglitz.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/review/8656.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527230128/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/review/8656.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2007|title=Mathadu Mathadu Mallige review. Mathadu Mathadu Mallige Kannada movie review, story, rating – IndiaGlitz.com|work=IndiaGlitz|accessdate=1 April 2015}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{| class="infobox" style="width: 22.7em; text-align: left; font-size: 85%; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #eef;"
|-
| colspan="3" |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"
! colspan="3" style="background-color: #d9e8ff; text-align: center;" | Awards and nominations
|- style="background-color:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
!style="vertical-align: middle;" | Award
| style="background:#cceecc; font-size:8pt;" width="60px" | Wins
| style="background:#eecccc; font-size:8pt;" width="60px" | Nominations
|-
|align="center"|
;[[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|0}}
|-
|align="center"|
;Southern India Cinematographer's Association Awards (SICA Awards)
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|N/A}}
|-
|align="center"|
;[[Udaya Film Awards]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|N/A}}
|}
|- style="background-color:#d9e8ff"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | '''Totals'''
|-
| {{won|Awards won}}
| colspan="2" width=50 {{won|5}}
|-
| {{nom|Nominations}}
| colspan="2" width=50 {{nom|N/A}}
|}
'''[[Karnataka State Film Awards]] :-'''

* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Film#Best Film 'Third'|Best Film Third]]<ref name="KSFAW IG" />
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] – Gollahalli Shivaprasad for "Jhana Jhana Kaanchanadalli" Song <ref name="KSFAW IG">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/44237.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201171822/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/44237.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 February 2014|title=Puneeth, Umasri share top honors|work=indiaglitz.com|date=12 January 2009}}</ref>

'''Southern India Cinematographer's Association Awards (SICA Awards) :-'''

* Best Writer (story) – [[Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]<ref name="SICA Awards">{{cite web|url=http://cinematographers-southindia.com/kannada_awards.php?start=0&id=2007|title=SICA (Southern India Cinematographers Associations) Awards|publisher=cinematographers-southindia.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517152103/http://cinematographers-southindia.com/kannada_awards.php?start=0&id=2007|archivedate=17 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Best Cinematographer – Krishnakumar <ref name="SICA Awards" />

'''[[Udaya Film Awards]] :-'''
* [[Udaya Film Awards#Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematography]] – Krishnakumar <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/events/14686.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511044939/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/events/14686.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2012|title='Sun Feast Udaya-2007'|work=indiaglitz.com|date=10 March 2008}}</ref>

'''[[Filmfare Awards South]] :-'''
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]] – Vishnuvardhan – Nominated
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]] – Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar – Nominated
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]] – Nominated

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar}}

[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mano Murthy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]

Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala

2026-03-03T04:34:25Z

NoeMacmillan574: formatting fix

{{short description|2001 film by T. Rajendar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[T. Rajendar]]
| writer = T. Rajendar
| producer = T. Rajendar
| starring = T. Rajendar [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] [[Karan (actor)|Karan]]
| cinematography = T. Rajendar
| editing = P. R. Shanmugam
| music = T. Rajendar
| studio = Chimbu Cine Arts
| released = {{film date|df=y|2001|5|18}}
| runtime = 180 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala''''' ({{Translation|Is it love simply if one says so?}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written, directed and produced by [[T. Rajendar]], who also composed the music and stars alongside [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Karan (actor)|Karan]], [[J. Livingston|Livingston]], [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]] and [[Vadivelu]]. T. Rajendar's son and actor, [[Silambarasan]], makes a special appearance in 2 songs. The film released on 18 May 2001.<ref>{{Cite news |title=சொன்னால் தான் காதலா / Sonnal Thaan Kathala (2001) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/sonnal-thaan-kathala |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250427001401/https://screen4screen.com/movies/sonnal-thaan-kathala |archive-date=2025-04-27 |access-date=2026-02-17 |work=Screen4Screen}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=May 2023}}
T. R. ([[T. Rajendar]]) investigates a case in which Roja ([[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]) is the lead female singer. Roja works in a finance firm and has a big family of three sisters, a brother (Kuralarasan Rajendar), an alcoholic father ([[Manivannan]]), and a mother ([[Vadivukkarasi]]) to support. Murali ([[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]]), her office colleague, loves her and makes his intention clear in every opportunity that he gets. However, Roja has no time for him. T. R. has a sister named Saro ([[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]]), who is married to a corrupt cop named Inbaraj ([[Karan (actor)|Karan]]). Inbaraj, furious about T. R. exposing him in his newspaper, harasses Saro, egged on by his avaricious mother ([[Y. Vijaya]]) and sister ([[Bhuvaneswari (actress)|Bhuvaneswari]]). The burden of taking care of the family becomes a little too much for Roja. Finally T. R., against all odds, advises Roja to accept Murali's love.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[T. Rajendar]] as T. R. (director)
*[[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] as Murali
*[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Roja
*[[Karan (actor)|Karan]] as Inspector Inbaraj
*[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Roja's mother
*[[Manivannan]] as Roja's father
*[[Vadivelu]] as Roja's brother-in-law
*[[Kuralarasan]] as Roja's brother
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Roja's elder sister
*[[Rajashree (actress)|Rajashree]] as Roja's sister
*[[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Roja's uncle
*[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] as Mumtaj
*[[M. N. Nambiar]] as Mumtaj's father
*[[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]] as Saro, T. R.'s sister
*[[Y. Vijaya]] as Inbaraj's mother
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Inbaraj's father
*[[Bhuvaneswari (actress)|Bhuvaneswari]] as Inbaraj's sister
*[[Rajeev (Tamil actor)|Rajeev]] as Roja's boss
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Film Director
*[[Idichapuli Selvaraj]] as Constable
*[[Mumtaj]] as Chitra
*[[Charle]]
*[[Madhan Bob]]
*[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]]
*[[Dhamu]]
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]]
*[[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]]
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]]
*[[Halwa Vasu]]
*[[Mayilsamy]]
*[[Vaiyapuri]]
*[[Silambarasan]] in a special appearance in 2 songs
}}

== Production ==
[[T. Rajender]] announced that his son [[Silambarasan]] would play the lead role in ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' in 2000. After failing to find a suitable lead actress to appear opposite Silambarasan, Rajender postponed the project and started to make ''Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rasika |title=Deferred Debut |url=http://www.chennaionline.com:80/reeltalk/sep203.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001017143202/http://www.chennaionline.com:80/reeltalk/sep203.asp |archive-date=17 October 2000 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Bobby, actress Rajashri's sister, was cast in a leading role, but the actress opted to work on other Telugu films instead. Subsequently, her role in ''Sonnal Thaan Kaadhala'' was shortened, as Rajender continued to shoot without her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rasika |title=Other side is not greener |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/mar286.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020113014310/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/mar286.asp |archive-date=13 January 2002 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
There are eight songs composed by [[T. Rajendar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sonnal Thaan Kathala (2001) |url=http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/tamil/s/movie_name.5321/music_director.1125/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307122246/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/music/tamil/s/movie_name.5321/music_director.1125/ |archive-date=7 March 2007 |access-date=2008-09-06 |website=Music India Online}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chukkumala Chukkumala
| extra1 = [[Silambarasan]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| title2 = Kaathalikka Theriyuma
| extra2 = Krishnaraj, T. Rajendar
| title3 = Mullaaga Kuththakoodaathu
| extra3 = Silambarasan
| title4 = Rosaappoove
| extra4 = [[Balesh]], [[K. J. Yesudas]]
| title5 = Sonnalthaan
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
| title6 = Sonnalthan
| extra6 = Hariharan
| title7 = Vaada Vaada
| extra7 =
| title8 = Vela Vela
| extra8 = T. Rajendar, [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
}}

== Reception ==
Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote poignant romance, warm sentiment, menacing sets, these elements make a typical Rajender film. this one is a mixed bag which seems to have mistakenly copied his own style.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=2001-06-10 |title=சொன்னால் தான் காதலா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-06-10/page/52/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230515134059/https://archive.org/details/kalki2001-06-10/page/52/mode/2up |archive-date=15 May 2023 |access-date=23 April 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=52–53 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "Too many characters, and it is a hotchpotch of situations. T.Rajender's fans will be definitely disappointed!".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Sonnal thaan kadhala |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov121.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010707032557/http://www.chennaionline.com/Moviereviews/tammov121.asp |archive-date=7 July 2001 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> The film also reviewed by ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2001 |title=சொன்னால்தான் காதலா - விகடன் விமர்சனம் |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/sonnalthan-kaadhala |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260217112945/https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/sonnalthan-kaadhala |archive-date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> It won two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]: [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Family Film|Best Family Film]] and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Star]] (Kuralarasan).<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Government awards for 2000–2002 |url=http://www.musicindiaonline.com/n/i/tamil/824/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222085109/http://www.musicindiaonline.com/n/i/tamil/824/ |archive-date=22 December 2008 |access-date=2008-12-21 |website=Music India Online}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{T. Rajendar}}

[[Category:2001 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:2001 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. Rajendar]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. Rajendar]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by T. Rajendar]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

List of towns in Andhra Pradesh by population

2026-02-26T15:12:16Z

NoeMacmillan574: place

{{Short description|None}}
{{External links|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
Towns in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]], are as follows:

The [[2011 Census of India]], conducted by The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]], determined that settlements with a population of less than 100,000 are called towns.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census Data 2011 / Metadata |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Metadata/Metada.htm#2c |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=10 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070617234445/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Metadata/Metada.htm |archive-date=17 June 2007 }}</ref>

[[Yemmiganur]] is the most populated town with a population of 95,149.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rajahmundry|first=Greater|date=2017-03-01|title=Greater Rajahmundry: Revised Master Plan for Kakinada also ready|url=http://greaterrajahmundry.blogspot.com/2017/03/revised-master-plan-for-kakinada-also.html|access-date=2020-08-28|website=Greater Rajahmundry}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Venu Lanka|date=Dec 28, 2019|title=Greater Vijayawada likely to include only 29 villages {{!}} Vijayawada News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/greater-vijayawada-likely-to-include-only-29-villages/articleshow/73000683.cms|access-date=2020-08-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SGSwwKD2Aa4/XjWP__GF17I/AAAAAAAAF3M/Q7-z3QXc2OwKgIxHzIIFLhCk41PazKfVACNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/01.jpg}}</ref>

== List of towns ==
The towns written in '''bold''' are the headquarters of their respective [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cities Profile of Round 1 Smart Cities :: SMART CITIES MISSION, Government of India|url=http://smartcities.gov.in/content/innerpage/cities-profile-of-20-smart-cities.php|access-date=2020-08-29|website=smartcities.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Umamaheswara Rao|date=Jan 25, 2020|title=Barely a city now, Amaravati tops smart city spend {{!}} Amaravati News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/barely-a-city-now-amaravati-tops-smart-city-spend/articleshow/73599690.cms|access-date=2020-08-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!S.No.
!Name of the Town
!District
!Population 2011 Census
!Area ({{abbr|km2|square kilometers}})
!Density ({{abbr|/km2|per square kilometer}})
!Settlement Type
!Formation
|-
|1
| align="left" |[[Yemmiganur]]
| align="left" |[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
|95,149
|14.50
|6,600
|Municipality
|1965
|-
|2
| align="left" |[[Chirala]]
| align="left" |[[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
|120000
|13.26
|7,000
|Municipality
|1948
|-
|3
| align="left" |[[Rayachoti]]
| align="left" |[[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
|91,234
|39.78
|2,300
|Municipality
|
|-
|4
| align="left" |[[Kavali]]
| align="left" |[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|104,099
|22.95
|3,900
| Municipality
|1967
|-
|5
| align="left" |[[Kadiri]]
| align="left" |[[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]]
|89,429
|25.88
|3,500
| Municipality
|
|-
|6
| align="left" |'''[[Anakapalli]]'''
| align="left" |[[Anakapalli district|Anakapalli]]
|86,519
|23.28
|3,700
| Municipality
|
|-
|7
| align="left" |[[Palakollu]]
| align="left" |[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|81,199
|19.49
|4,200
| Municipality
|
|-
|8
| align="left" |[[Srikalahasti]]
| align="left" |[[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|80,056
|12.92
|6,200
| Municipality
|
|-
|9
| align="left" |[[Tanuku]]
| align="left" |[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|77,962
|16.78
|4,600
| Municipality
|
|-
|10
| align="left" |[[Gudur]]
| align="left" |[[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|74,037
|57.48
|1,300
| Municipality
|
|-
|11
| align="left" |'''[[Markapuram]]'''
| style="text-align:left"; |[[Markapuram district|Markapuram]]
|71,092
|22.85
|3,100
| Municipality
|
|-
|12
| align="left" |'''[[Bapatla]]'''
| align="left" |[[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
|107000
|17.92
|3,900
|Municipality
|1951
|-
|13
| align="left" |[[Badvel]]
| align="left" |[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|70,626
|60.93
|1,200
|Municipality
|
|-
|14
| align="left" |[[Pulivendula]]
| align="left" |[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|65,706
|58.69
|1,100
|Municipality
|
|-
|15
| align="left" |[[Tadepalle, Guntur district|Tadepalle]]
| align="left" |[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|64,149
|25.45
|2,500
| Municipality
|
|-
|16
| align="left" |[[Piduguralla]]
| align="left" |[[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
|63,103
|31.49
|2,000
| Municipality
|
|-
|17
| align="left" |[[Vinukonda]]
| align="left" |[[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
|62,550
|37.53
|1,700
| Municipality
|
|-
|18
| align="left" |[[Nagari, Andhra Pradesh|Nagari]]
| align="left" |[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|62,253
|29.86
|2,100
| Municipality
|
|-
|19
| align="left" |[[Rayadurgam]]
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Anantapuram district|Anantapuram]]
|61,749
|49.73
|1,200
| Municipality
|
|-
|20
| align="left" |[[Pileru]]
| align="left" |[[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
|60,253
|5.85
|10,000
|Panchayath
|
|-
|21
| align="left" |[[Ponnur]]
| align="left" |[[Guntur district|Guntur]]
|59,913
|26.14
|2,300
| Municipality
|
|-
|22
| align="left" |[[Dhone]]
| align="left" |[[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
|59,272
|5
|12,000
| Municipality
| 2005
|-
|23
| align="left" |[[Narasapuram]]
| align="left" |[[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|58,770
|11.32
|5,200
| Municipality
|
|-
|24
| align="left" |[[Nuzvid]]
| align="left" |[[Eluru district|Eluru]]
|58,590
|8.69
|6,700
| Municipality
|
|-
|25
| align="left" |[[Palasa]]
| align="left" |[[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
|57,507
|32.75
|1,800
| Municipality
|2000
|-
|26
| align="left" |[[Macherla]]
| align="left" |[[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
|57,290
|13.48
|4,300
| Municipality
|
|-
|27
| align="left" |[[Kandukur, Prakasam district|Kandukuru]]
| align="left" |[[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|57,246
|33.06
|1,700
| Municipality
|1987
|-
|28
| align="left" |[[Samalkota|Samarlakota]]
| style="text-align:left"; |[[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
|56,864
|14.08
|4,000
| Municipality
|
|-
|29
| align="left" |[[Bobbili]]
| align="left" |[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|56,819
|25.60
|2,200
| Municipality
|1956
|-
|30
| align="left" |[[Sattenapalle]]
| align="left" |[[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]
|56,721
|21.88
|2,600
| Municipality
|
|-
|31
| align="left" |[[Mandapeta]]
| align="left" |[[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|56,063
|21.65
|2,600
| Municipality
|
|-
|32
| align="left" |[[Pithapuram]]
| style="text-align:left" ; |[[Kakinada district|Kakinada]]
|54,859
|22.71
|2,400
| Municipality
|
|-
|33
| align="left" |[[Punganur]]
| align="left" |[[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
|54,746
|32.28
|1,700
| Municipality
|
|-
|34
| align="left" |[[Puttur, Andhra Pradesh|Puttur]]
| align="left" |[[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|54.092
|43.29
|1,200
| Municipality
|
|-
|35
| align="left" |[[Rajampet]]
| align="left" |[[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|54,050
|10
|5,400
|Municipality
|2017
|-
|36
| align="left" |[[Palamaner]]
| align="left" |[[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|54,035
|17.69
|3,100
| Municipality
|
|-
|37
| align="left" |[[Parvathipuram, Andhra Pradesh|'''Parvathipuram''']]
| style="text-align:left" ; |[[Parvathipuram Manyam district|Parvathipuram Manyam]]
|53,844
|11.24
|4,800
| Municipality
|
|-
|38
| align="left" |[[Jaggayyapeta]]
| align="left" |[[NTR district|NTR]]
|53,530
|23.50
|2,300
| Municipality
|
|-
|39
| align="left" |[[Payakaraopeta]]
| align="left" |[[Anakapalli]]
|52,458
|48.02
|7,600
| Panchayath
|1950
|-
|40
| align="left" |'''[[Amalapuram]]'''
| align="left" |[[Konaseema district|Konaseema]]
|53,231
|7.02
|7,600
| Municipality
|
|-
|41
| align="left" |[[Venkatagiri]]
| align="left" |[[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|52,688
|25.89
|2,000
| Municipality
|
|-
|42
| align="left" |[[Repalle]]
| align="left" |[[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
|50,866
|10.97
|4,600
|Municipality
|1965
|}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Visakhapatnam beach road from Kailsagiri hill.jpg|Visakhapatnam view from Kailasagiri Hill
File:Prakasham Barriage, Vijayawada.jpg|Prakasam Barrage, Vijayawada
File:23 - Telugu Talli Statue with Kondareddy Buruju as background.JPG|Konda Reddy Buruju, Kurnool
File:NTR Bus Station Bepartye Block.jpg|NTR Bus Station, Guntur
File:Rajahmundry Godavari bridge by British government.jpg|Godavari Bridge, Rajahmundry
File:Tirumala 090615.jpg|alt=Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam|Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam, Tirupati
File:Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary.JPG|Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Kakinada
File:SA Rajampet.jpg|alt=Annamacharya statue, Rajampet, Kadapa|Annamacharya statue, Tallapaka, Rajampet, Kadapa
File:Galipgopuram of Kanipakam temple (May 2019) 7.jpg|alt=Kanipakam Temple, Chittoor|Kanipakam Temple, Kanipakam, Chittoor
File:Ragavendratemple.jpg|Raghavendra Swamy Temple, Mantralayam, Kurnool
File:View of Kodanda Ramaswamy Temple in Vontimitta.jpg|Kodanda Ramaswamy Temple, Vontimitta, Kadapa
File:The Ongole Bull of Moses.jpg|Ongole Bull
File:Ganta stambham (clock tower) in Vizianagaram.jpg|Ganta Stambham [Clock Tower], Vizianagaram
File:Nagarjuna sagar 01.jpg|Nagarjuna Sagar
File:Kondapalli killa 16.jpg|Kondapalli Fort, Vijayawada
File:Nandi Lepakshi Temple Hindupur 10.jpg|Lepakshi, Hindupuram, Sri Sathya Sai district
File:Papikondalu-Andhra Pradesh-India.jpg|Papikondalu, Godavari River
File:Afternoon in Nallamalla forest Krishna River.jpg|Nallamalla Forest, Srisailam, Nandyal
File:Srisailam Damm.jpg|Srisailam Dam, Nandyal
File:Iskcon Anantapur.JPG|ISKON Temple, Anantapuram
File:Gandikota Hills -Grand Canyon of India.jpg|Grand Canyon of India, Chitravathi River, Gandikota, Kadapa
File:Chandrayaan 2 Module on GSLV MK III at Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad.jpg|Satish Dhawan Space Centre [SDSC], Sriharikota, Tirupati
File:Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple in Simhachalam.jpg|Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha swamy Temple, Simhachalam, Visakhapatnam
File:Konaseema.jpg|Konaseema, Amalapuram
File:Vizag submarine museum.jpg|INS Kursura Submarine Museum, Visakhapatnam
File:ARAKU VALLEY.jpg|Araku Valley, Araku
File:Anantapur Clock tower at night.jpg|Clock Tower, Anantapuram
File:HERITAGE OF INDIA.jpg|Sri Mukhalingam Temple, Srikakulam
File:BLUE MOUNTAINS^HORSLEY HILLS ,AP - panoramio.jpg|Horsley hills, Madanapalli, Annamayya district
File:Mangalagiri town.jpg|Panakala Lakshmi Narasimha swamy Temple, Mangalagiri, Guntur
File:Chandragiri Fort.jpg|Chandragiri Fort, Chandragiri, Tirupati
File:Magnificent hills.jpg|Paderu Agency Area, Visakhapatnam
File:Polavaram Project -1.jpg|Polavaram Dam, Polavaram, Eluru
File:Mypadu beach nellore.jpg|Mypadu Beach, Nellore
File:S-AP-255 Belum Caves.jpg|Belum Caves, Banaganapalli, Nandyal
File:Undavalli Caves.JPG|Undavalli Caves, Amaravati, Guntur
File:YARADA BEACH VIEW.jpg|Yarada Beach, Visakhapatnam
File:Talakona Waterfalls near Tirupati India.jpg|Talakona Waterfalls, Tirupati
File:Annavaram.jpg|Satyanarayana Swamy Temple, Annavaram, East Godavari
File:Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Prasanthigram, Puttaparthi.JPG|Puttaparthi, Sri Sathya Sai district
File:Arasavilli Sri Suryanarayanamurty Temple of Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh (3).jpg|Sri Surya Narayana Swamy Temple, Arasavalli, Srikakulam
</gallery>

== See also ==
*[[List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[List of cities in India by population]]
*[[List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population]]

== Notes ==
=== Sources ===
'''''Source: [http://dtcp.ap.gov.in/dtcpweb/ulbs/List%20of%20ULBs-27-2-2019.pdf STATISTICAL INFORMATION OF ULBs & UDAs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717151418/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in/dtcpweb/ulbs/List%20of%20ULBs-27-2-2019.pdf |date=17 July 2019 }}''' also '''Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner (web), Delimitation Commission of India (web), Rand McNally International Atlas 1994, School of Planning & Architecture (web) -''''' https://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-andhrapradesh.php

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2811_PART_A_DCHB_SRIKAKULAM.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2812_PART_A_DCHB_VIZIANAGARAM.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2813_PART_A_DCHB_VISAKHAPATNAM.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2814_PART_A_DCHB_EAST%20GODAVARI.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2815_PART_A_DCHB_WEST%20GODAVARI.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_A_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2818_PART_A_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2819_PART_A_DCHB_SRI%20POTTI%20SRIIAMULU%20NELLORE.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2823_PART_A_DCHB_CHITTOOR.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2820_PART_A_DCHB_YSR.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2821_PART_A_DCHB_KURNOOL.pdf

https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2822_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTAPUR.pdf

https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2013/feb/11/22-villages-may-be-included-in-rajahmundry-soon-449459.html

http://smartcities.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/AndraPradesh_Kakinada.pdf

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/CRDA-eyes-CSR-funds-to-push-job-potential-in-capital-city/articleshow/47891827.cms

=== References ===
{{reflist|30em}}
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/300517/ap-to-develop-14-smart-cities-across-state.html<nowiki/>

{{Andhra Pradesh topics}}
{{Cities of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cites in Andhra Pradesh, List of}}
[[Category:Lists of populated places in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in India by population|Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh| ]]

Son of India (1931 film)

2026-02-20T18:18:48Z

NoeMacmillan574: cleanup

{{short description|1931 film}}
{{Distinguish|Son of India (1962 film)|Son of India (2022 film)|India's Sons}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Son of India
| image = Son of India poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Jacques Feyder]]
| producer =
| screenplay = [[Ernest Vajda]] [[John Meehan (screenwriter)|John Meehan]] Claudine West
| based_on = {{Based on|''Mr. Isaacs''|[[Francis Marion Crawford]]}}
| starring = [[Ramón Novarro]] [[Madge Evans]]
| music =
| cinematography = [[Harold Rosson]]
| editing = [[Conrad A. Nervig]]
| distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]
| released = {{Film date|1931|08|01}}
| runtime = 73 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
}}

'''''Son of India''''' is a 1931 American [[Pre-Code Hollywood|pre-Code]] romance film directed by [[Jacques Feyder]] and starring [[Ramón Novarro]] and [[Madge Evans]]. The film is based on the 1882 novel ''Mr. Isaacs'' written by [[Francis Marion Crawford]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2839/son-of-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015022231/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2839/Son-Of-India/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |title=Screenplay Info for Son of India (1931) |access-date=January 16, 2010|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
Karim is the son of [[rajah]] and jewel merchant Hamid, traveling with him through [[India]]. On the twentieth day of their journey, after Karim hears his father speak about the importance of gratitude, they are attacked by bandits. The group of travelers is massacred, but Rao Rama, a holy man, hides Karim in a shallow grave. He survives the tragedy, and is left with his father's most valuable [[diamond]].

Karim next journeys to [[Bombay]], where he attempts to sell the diamond in a jewelry store. Feeling that they aren't offering him enough money, he leaves. The corrupt store owners claim that Karim is a thief. He is arrested, and unable to prove he is the true owner of his father's diamond, faces a long prison sentence. William Darsey, an American witness, saves him by revealing the truth and Karim is released.

Some time later, Karim becomes one of the wealthiest men of Bombay, attending many high society social functions. At a [[polo]] match, he meets Janice Darsey, an attractive young American woman accompanied by her aunt and Dr. Wallace. Feeling attracted to each other, they are soon in love. This is much to Mrs. Darsey's dislike, who doesn't approve of her niece dating an Indian man. She attempts to sabotage their relationship by announcing that the Darseys will leave for [[Kolkota|Calcutta]].

Janice, however, does not want to leave Karim and runs away from her aunt to secretly accompany Karim on a [[tiger]] hunt. When her aunt finds out, she is infuriated and immediately calls for William, who happens to be Janice's brother. During the hunt, Karim notices his father's killer. When confronted, the murderer shoots at Karim. Janice starts to hide and stumbles upon a poisonous plant. Karim brings her to safety and removes the poison, after which they become engaged. Back at home, William and Mrs. Darsey try to stop the marriage by telling them lies, but Karim and Janice come to the conclusion that their love for each other is stronger.

==Cast==
*[[Ramón Novarro]] as Karim
*[[Madge Evans]] as Janice Darsey
*[[Conrad Nagel]] as William Darsey
*[[Marjorie Rambeau]] as Mrs. Darsey
*[[C. Aubrey Smith]] as Dr. Wallace
*[[Mitchell Lewis (actor)|Mitchell Lewis]] as Hamid
*[[John Miljan]] as Juggat
*[[Nigel De Brulier]] as Rao Rama
*[[Katherine DeMille]] as Amah (uncredited)
*[[Ann Dvorak]] as Dancer (uncredited)

==Production==
''Son of India'' reunited [[Ramón Novarro]] with [[Jacques Feyder]], whom he previously had worked with before on ''[[Daybreak (1931 film)|Daybreak]]'' (1931).<ref>Ellenberger, A., ''Ramon Novarro: a biography of the silent film idol, 1899-1968''. p.108</ref> It was Feyder's last film before returning to Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2839/son-of-india |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015022231/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/2839/Son-Of-India/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 15, 2012 |title=Notes for Son of India (1931) |access-date=January 16, 2010|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}</ref> Novarro's leading lady was [[Madge Evans]]. Evans was at the beginning of her MGM career and she was later assigned as Novarro's love interest several times again.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0022412}}

{{Jacques Feyder}}

[[Category:1931 films]]
[[Category:1931 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:American romantic drama films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films based on American novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Francis Marion Crawford]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jacques Feyder]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films]]
[[Category:1931 English-language films]]
[[Category:1931 American films]]
[[Category:English-language romantic drama films]]

33rd National Film Awards

2026-02-20T00:15:36Z

NoeMacmillan574: updated page

{{Short description|National Film Awards (India)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 33
| award = National Film Awards
| image = 33rd NFA.jpg
| alt =
| caption = 33rd National Film Awards
| awarded_for = Best of Indian cinema in 1985
| award_org = [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]
| presenting_org = [[Giani Zail Singh]] {{small|([[President of India]])}}
| announced_date =
| presented_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1986|06}}
| site =
| host =
| website = [http://dff.nic.in/ dff.nic.in]
| lifetime_achievement = [[V. Shantaram]]
| best_feature = ''[[Chidambaram (film)|Chidambaram]]''
| best_non_feature = ''Bombay: Our City''
| best_book = ''Guru Dutt: Teen Anki Shokantika''
| most_wins = {{*}}''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]'' {{*}}''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]'' (3)
| last = 32nd
| next = 34th
}}

The '''33rd [[National Film Awards]]''', presented by [[Directorate of Film Festivals]], the organisation set up by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India]] to felicitate the best of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] released in the year 1985.<ref name="33rdaward">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/84_33rdNfacatalogue.pdf|title=33rd National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725171812/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/84_33rdNfacatalogue.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ceremony took place in June 1986.

== Awards ==

Awards were divided into feature films, non-feature films and books written on Indian cinema.

=== Lifetime Achievement Award ===

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Image
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awards
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]]
|[[File:V. Shantaram.jpg|75px]]
|[[V. Shantaram]]
|[[Actor]], [[Film director]] and [[Film producer]]
|Swarna Kamal, {{INR}} 1,00,000 and a Shawl
|}

=== Feature films ===

Feature films were awarded at All India as well as regional level. For 33rd National Film Awards, a [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film]], ''[[Chidambaram (film)|Chidambaram]]'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]], whereas [[Bollywood|Hindi film]], ''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]'' and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]], ''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]'' won the maximum number of awards (3). Following were the awards given in each category:<ref name="33rdaward"/>

==== Juries ====

A committee headed by veteran actor [[Prem Nazir]] was appointed to evaluate the feature films awards. Following were the jury members:<ref name="33rdaward"/>

* '''Jury Members'''
** [[Prem Nazir]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Jagannath Prasad Das|J. P. Das]]{{•}}[[Jaya Bachchan]]{{•}}[[Komal Swaminathan]]{{•}}[[V. K. Madhavan Kutty]]{{•}}[[Prema Karanth]]{{•}}Bapu Watve{{•}}[[Gautam Ghose]]{{•}}[[Kanhaiya Lal Nandan]] {{small|(Not attended)}}{{•}}[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] {{small|(Not attended)}}

==== All India Award ====

Following were the awards given:<ref name="33rdaward"/>

===== Golden Lotus Award =====

Official Name: Swarna Kamal<ref name="33rdaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal)', a certificate and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Chidambaram (film)|Chidambaram]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|[[Film producer|Producer]]: Suryakanti Film Makers
|{{INR}} 50,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[Film director|Director]]: [[G. Aravindan]]
|{{INR}} 25,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For providing rare cinematic experience while delineating the inner conflicts and suffering of an individual set against the backdrop of the elements.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|Best Debut Film of a Director]]
|''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]''
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Producer: P. K. Tiwari Director: [[Romesh Sharma]]
|{{INR}} 25,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For a bold exposure of a murky world of politics where murder and mayhem are engineered for personal gains and truth becomes a casualty.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Best Children's Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''Aazadi Ki Ore''
|rowspan="2"|Hindi
|Producer: Sangeethalaya
|{{INR}} 30,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: P. S. Prakash
|{{INR}} 15,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For exploring man's cruelty to and exploitation of animals and, through an interesting story, inculcating in the minds of children the love of animals.''
|}

===== Silver Lotus Award =====

Official Name: Rajat Kamal<ref name="33rdaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal)', a certificate and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Integration]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Sree Narayana Guru (film)|Sree Narayana Guru]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|Producer: A. Jaffer
|{{INR}} 30,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[P. A. Backer]]
|{{INR}} 15,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For preaching, through the life of a great reformer, the universal values of "One Caste, One Religion and One God for Man".''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]
|''[[Trikal]]''
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|[[Shyam Benegal]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the masterly treatment of an unusual story which, through subtle and sensitive handling, brings out the conflicts in a family trapped in strange memories and situations.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
|''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]''
|Hindi
|[[Subrata Mitra]]
|{{INR}} 15,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For inspired camera work which brings out the delicate nuances of light and shade resulting in a strong visual presentation.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|''[[Agnisnaan]]''
|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|[[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the powerful rendering of the saga of a woman who goes through the revolution against the prevailing social mores and comes to terms with herself.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[New Delhi Times (film)|New Delhi Times]]''
|Hindi
|[[Shashi Kapoor]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For a convincing and credible portrayal of a dedicated journalist caught in the cross-currents of political manoevring.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]''
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|[[Suhasini Maniratnam]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For her superb performance in the difficult role of a woman who goes through life as lover and unwed mother who has finally to go back to her lonely existence.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Paroma]]''
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|[[Deepankar De]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For a convincing portrayal of anguish of a husband who is unable to accept his wife.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|''[[Rao Saheb (film)|Rao Saheb]]''
|Hindi
|[[Vijaya Mehta]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the delicate delineation of the role of a middle-aged widow fighting for modernity though herself rooted in tradition.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]]
|''[[Bettada Hoovu]]''
|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]
|[[Puneeth Rajkumar|Master Puneet]]
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his lively and effortless performance in the role of a poor boy who has to make the difficult choice between his personal goal and his family responsibilities.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Audiography|Best Audiography]]
|''Ek Pal''
|Hindi
|Hitendra Ghosh
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his masterly use of the sound track in keeping with the atmosphere of the film.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|''[[Hum Naujawan]]''
|Hindi
|Babu Sheikh
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his work in the film which, due to his slick editing becomes more effective.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
|''[[Rao Saheb (film)|Rao Saheb]]''
|Hindi
|Sham Bhutkar
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the authentic creation of a setting of the early years of the century.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]]
|''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]''
|Tamil
|[[Ilaiyaraja]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For innovative blending of folk and classical music which lends strength and power to the story.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]]
|''[[Muthal Mariyathai]]''
|Tamil
|[[Vairamuthu]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For imaginative use of folk images and form which blend with the pastoral and idyllic backdrop of the film.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|''[[Sree Narayana Guru (film)|Sree Narayana Guru]]''
|Malayalam
|[[P. Jayachandran|Jayachandran]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his superb rendering of devotional songs keeping in tune with the subject matter of the film.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|''[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]''
|Tamil
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For melifluous rendering of songs, both in the folk and the classical moulds, bringing about a melodious synthesis between the two.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
|''[[Trikal]]''
|Hindi
|Saba Zaidi
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For creatively designing the appropriate costumes for this period film, thereby lending authenticity to the milieu.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]]
|''[[Mayuri (film)|Mayuri]]''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|[[Sudha Chandran]]
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For her work in the film in which, in her first screen appearance, she convincingly recreates her own life-story with courage and determination.''
|}

==== Regional Awards ====

The award is given to best film in the regional languages in India.<ref name="33rdaward"/>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:23%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:28%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:33%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese|Best Feature Film in Assamese]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Agnisnaan]]''
|Producer: [[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Bhabendra Nath Saikia]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a powerful film based on a well-known Assamese novel, portraying the ordeals of a woman who revolts and finally overcomes.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|Best Feature Film in Bengali]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Parama]]''
|Producer: Nirmal Kumar Guha, Niharendu Guha, Sukhendu Guha, Sarojendu Guha
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Aparna Sen]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a film which handles sensitively the delicate story of a woman who refuses to accept the feeling of guilt forced on her by society.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best Bodo Feature Film|Best Feature Film in Bodo]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Alayaron]]''
|Producer: Bodosa Film Productions
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Jwndgao Bodosa
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For pioneering a film in the language which faithfully brings out the socio-economic life of Bodo community.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]
|rowspan="2"|''Anantyatra''
|Producer: Nachiket Patwardhan
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Nachiket Patwardhan and Jayu Patwardhan
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For an unusual film blending with fact and fantasy, dealing with the contemporary subject of the frustrations of middle-aged executive, presented with wit and humour.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada|Best Feature Film in Kannada]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Bettada Hoovu]]''
|Producer: [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: N. Lakshminarayan
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a well-made film with a sensitive story of socio-economic deprivation told against a lyrical backdrop.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Thinkalaazhcha Nalla Divasam]]''
|Producer: M. Mani
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Padmarajan|P. Padmarajan]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For exploring the layers of family relationship in a rural setting threatened by urban culture and explains how the imminent breakdown of the joint family is prevented by a death.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Best Feature Film in Marathi]]
|rowspan="2"|''Pudhche Paool''
|Producer: Madhukar Rupji, Sudha A. Chitle and Vinay Newalkar
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Rajdutt
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a film with powerful social content, exposing the evil of dowry and underlining that the only solution is social censure.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Oriya|Best Feature Film in Oriya]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Hakim Babu]]''
|Producer: Amiya Patnaik
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Pranab Das
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a film which makes a powerful comment on the bureaucratic system which renders even an idealistic officer helpless and unable to realise his own objectives.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Best Feature Film in Tamil]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Muthal Mariyathai]]''
|Producer: [[Bharathiraja]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Bharathiraja]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a love story about the suffering of a man who is destined to live with his memories, spending his last days in a hut on the banks of river in idyllic surroundings.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Sravanthi (film)|Sravanthi]]''
|Producer: Jayakrishna
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Kranthi Kumar]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a moving film, which depicts the plight of the quitessential Indian woman who goes through life discharging obligations as daughter, wife and mother.''
|}

=== Non-Feature Films ===

Short Films made in any Indian language and certified by the Central Board of Film Certification as a documentary/newsreel/fiction are eligible for non-feature film section.

==== Juries ====

A committee headed by M. V. Krishnaswamy was appointed to evaluate the non-feature films awards. Following were the jury members:<ref name="33rdaward"/>

* '''Jury Members'''
** M. V. Krishnaswamy ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}Satish Bahadur{{•}}T. M. Ramachandran{{•}}Pankaj Butalia

==== Golden Lotus Award ====

Official Name: Swarna Kamal<ref name="33rdaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal)', a certificate and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Non-Feature Film]]
|''Bombay: Our City''
|[[English language|English]]
|Producer and Director: [[Anand Patwardhan]]
|{{INR}} 15,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its deep concern for the problem of urban slums and the courageous presentation of the theme in an objective manner.''
|}

==== Silver Lotus Award ====

Official Name: Rajat Kamal<ref name="33rdaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)' and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film|Best Anthropological / Ethnographic Film]]
|''The Whispering Wind''
|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: Director: Biplab Roy Choudhury
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its authentic and comprehensive depiction of the traditional life of the Dongria tribe of Orissa facing social change.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award for Best Biographical Film|Best Biographical Film]]
|''Satyajit Ray''
|English
|Producer: [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] Director: [[Shyam Benegal]]
|rowspan="4"|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For the deep analysis of the life and work of Satyajit Ray, in a face-to-face interaction.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''The Seer Who Walks Alone''
|English
|Producer and Director: [[G. Aravindan]]
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For the sensitive portrayal of the life, personality and philosophy of J. Krishnamurthi, the noted philosopher.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Arts/Cultural Film|Best Arts / Cultural Film]]
|''Warli Painting''
|English
|Producer: B. R. Shendge Director: V. K. Wankhede
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For a perceptive exploration of the relationship between the life and art of the warli tribals.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Scientific Film|Best Scientific Film (including Environment and Ecology)]]
|''Power to the People''
|English
|Producer: B. N. Mehra Director: K. Balakrishnan Nair
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its convincing portrayal of the importance of a people's movement for scientific attitude towards social change.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best Industrial Film|Best Industrial Film]]
|''Safety Measures in Handling Agriculture Machinery''
|English
|Producer: D. Gautaman Director: Gurbir Singh Grewal
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its clear instructional value.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Agriculture Film|Best Agricultural Film]]
|''Cash In Cashew Cultivation''
|English
|Producer: K. K. Garg Director: D. Gautaman
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its rich international content about the scientific development in the improvement of cashew crop.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare|Best Film on Family Welfare]]
|''Bai''
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|Producer: Streevani and Ishvani Director: [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar|Sumitra Bhave]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its realistic portrayal of poor, oppressed housewife who succeeds in her determined effort to rehabilitate herself and realise her potential to be on her own.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film|Best Exploration / Adventure Film]]
|''High Adventure on White Waters''
|English
|Producer: Yash Choudhary Director: C. L. Kaul
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its depiction of the thrills of a new water sport in India.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best News Review|Best News Review]]
|''News Magazine No.: 59 - Taranath Shenoy''
|English
|Producer: P. B. Pendharkar and Pritam S. Arshi Director: M. S. Gangadhar and Ashok Patil
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For an in-depth coverage of the strong determination of Taranath Shenoy, the handicapped swimmer, who crossed the English channel.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film|Best Animation Film]]
|''Karuna Ki Vijay''
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Producer: [[Children's Film Society, India|Children's Film Society]] [[Film director|Director]] and [[Animator]]: K. S. Bansod
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its artistice excellence in the use of animation techniques in presenting a heart-warming story for children.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Non-Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]]
|''Bodhvriksha''
|Hindi
|Rajan Khosa
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his sensitive exploration of the anguish of a woman nursing her aged, paralysed grandmother. The film is characterised by economy and control and innovative cinematic form.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award – Special Mention (Non-Feature Film)|Special Mention]]
|''Prisoners of Circumstances''
|English
|Producer: [[Film and Television Institute of India]] Director: Ramesh Handoo
|rowspan="4"|Certificate Only
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its objective presentation of the inhuman treatment of children in remand homes.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Anukaran''
|Hindi
|Producer: R. K. Gupta Director: Gul Bahar Singh
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a poignant of discrimination against women in Indian society.''
|}

=== Best Writing on Cinema ===

The awards aim at encouraging study and appreciation of cinema as an art form and dissemination of information and critical appreciation of this art-form through publication of books, articles, reviews etc.

==== Juries ====

A committee headed by [[Amita Malik]] was appointed to evaluate the writing on Indian cinema. Following were the jury members:<ref name="33rdaward"/>

* '''Jury Members'''
** [[Amita Malik]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[N. N. Pillai]]{{•}}B. V. Dharap

==== Silver Lotus Award ====
Official Name: Rajat Kamal<ref name="33rdaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)' and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Book
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema|Best Book on Cinema]]
|''Guru Dutt: Teen Anki Shokantika''
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|[[Author]]: Arun Khopkar
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For a book as it is a major critical work on Guru Dutt, which is researched, attractively published at a reasonable price with a wealth of visual which enriches any book on cinema.''
|}

=== Awards not given ===

Following were the awards not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award:<ref name="33rdaward"/>

{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
* [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Feature Film with Mass Appeal, Wholesome Entertainment and Aesthetic Value]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare|Best Film on Family Welfare]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Historical Reconstruction/Compilation Film|Best Historical Reconstruction/Compilation Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Manipuri|Best Feature Film in Manipuri]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi|Best Feature Film in Punjabi]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film|Best Promotional Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Film Critic|Best Film Critic]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://dff.nic.in/Archive.aspx National Film Awards Archives]
* [https://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]

{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India) ceremonies]]
[[Category:1986 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:1986 awards in India]]

Priyadarshan Jadhav

2026-02-10T02:35:38Z

NoeMacmillan574: New some entry from scratch

{{short description|Indian actor and director}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Priyadarshan Jadhav
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|04|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Vaibhavi Gupte|2009}}
| other_names = Darshan, Dagdu
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Actor]]|[[Film director|director]]|[[Film producer|producer]]|[[screenwriter]]}}
| years_active = 1989–present
| known_for = [[Timepass 2]]
}}

'''Priyadarshan Jadhav''' (born 29 April 1980) is a Marathi [[actor]], [[Film director|director]], [[Film producer|producer]] and [[screenwriter]]. He is known for his role in [[Ravi Jadhav]]'s [[Timepass 2]] (2015) as Dagadu.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Personal life==
Priyadarshan was born on 29 April 1980 in [[Kolhapur]]. He currently lives in Mumbai with his wife Vaibhavi Gupte.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyadarshan Jadhav wishes his wife Vaibhavi on her birthday with an adorable post - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/priyadarshan-jadhav-wishes-his-wife-vaibhavi-on-her-birthday-with-an-adorable-post/articleshow/76769610.cms|access-date=2021-01-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He has a daughter Iraa and a newly born son Asim.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyadarshan Jadhav becomes a father for the second time - Times of India ►|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/priyadarshan-jadhav-becomes-a-father-for-the-second-time/articleshow/78720890.cms|access-date=2021-01-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Jadhav made his acting debut in Vijay Aso (2012).{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} He was an actor and writer for the film [[Timepass 2]], released in May 2015. He was in lead role for this movie along with [[Priya Bapat]]. He has also written screenplay for the prequel [[Timepass (film)|Timepass]].

Priyadarshan has played pivotal roles in films like [[Chintoo (film)|Chintoo 2]] in 2013 and Vijay Aso in 2012. He was the associate director for the film Hapus in 2010. 2013 released [[Chintoo (film)|Chintoo 2 - Khajinyachi Chittarkatha]] was also one of the opportunities to prove his acting. Portraying comic roles became his forte and he played entertained the audience in films like [[Jai Maharashtra Dhaba Bhatinda]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv.burrp.com/show/jai-maharashtra-dhaba-bhatinda/114376/7874843/1423488600/16083960 |title=Jai Maharashtra Dhaba Bhatinda |work=burrp.com}}</ref> in 2012. [[Halal (film)|Halal]] is Chinmay's Marathi film. [[Halal (film)|Halal]] is directed by [[Shivaji Lotan Patil]] and produced by Amol Kagne. He won the Best Supporting actor for [[Halal (film)|Halal]] at the 2017 Marathi [[Zee Cine Awards]].

==Drama==
He is a director for plays in Marathi namely Jago Mohan Pyare with almost 750 shows, Dillichi Killi, the satirical comedy Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya, Timepass (play), Cheharapheri, Gandhi Adava Yeto, [[Moruchi Mavshi]], Mr. and Mrs., Susaat and Mumbaiche Kawale. He has been a prominent Theatre Actor with plays like Tumcha Mulga Karto Kay, Susaat, [[Moruchi Mavshi]], Vichha Mazi Puri Kara, Shantata:Court Chalu Aahe, Mr. and Mrs., Gandhi Adava Yeto, Cheharapheri, Popatpanchi, Mumbaiche Kawale, Timepass, Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya, Dillichi Killi, Sagale Ubhe Aahet, Nava Gadi Nava Rajya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timescity.com/mumbai/events/jago-mohan-pyare-marathi-play/127799 |title=Jago Mohan Pyare: Marathi Play |work=timescity.com}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*2003 ''Jatra''
*2007 ''Hyancha Kahi Nem Nahi''
*2010 ''[[Haapus]]''
*2012 ''Vijay Aso''
*2013 ''[[Jai Maharashtra Dhaba Bhatinda]]''
*2013 ''[[Chintoo 2: Khajinyachi Chittarkatha]]''
*2014 ''[[Timepass (film)|Timepass]]'' (Writer)
*2015 ''[[Timepass 2]]''
*2017 ''[[Halal (film)|Halal]]''
*2017 ''Cycle''
*2017 ''[[Hampi (film)|Hampi]]''
*2017 ''Dhingana''
*2018 ''[[Bandh Nylon Che]]''
*2018 ''Majhya Baykocha Priyakar''
*2018 ''Mi Pan Sachin''
*2018 ''[[Ye Re Ye Re Paisa 2]]''
*2018 ''Maska''
*2019 ''[[Hirkani]]''
*2020 ''[[Choricha Mamla]]''
*2020 ''[[Dhurala]]''
*2024 ''[[Shaktiman (2024 film)|Shaktiman]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaktimaan Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} Shaktiman Marathi Movie {{!}} शक्तिमान {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/shaktimaan-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=16 May 2024 |date=15 May 2024}}</ref>
* 2024 ''Danka Hari Namacha'' <ref>{{cite web |title=Danka Hari Namacha Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} डंका हरी नामाचा {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/danka-hari-namacha-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=24 May 2024}}</ref>
* 2025 ''Jantar Mantar ChhuMantar'' <ref>{{cite web |title=Jantar Mantar ChuMantar Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} जंतर मंतर छूमंतर {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/jantar-mantar-chumantar-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=7 November 2024 |date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
* 2025 ''All Is Well''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-03 |title=अमर, अकबर आणि अँथनी येणार भेटीला - 'ऑल इज वेल' २७ जूनला चित्रपटगृहात |url=https://www.loksatta.com/mumbai/all-is-well-marathi-movie-in-theaters-on-june-27-mumbai-print-news-ocd-94-5131483/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

==Television==
He is well known for his skits in [[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeemarathi.com/shows/fu-bai-fu-naya-hai-yeh/video |title=Fu Bai Fu season 8 |work=Zee Marathi}}</ref> a Marathi standup comedy TV show on [[Zee Marathi]] and was also the winner of [[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu: Naya Hai Yeh]] along with Vishakha Subhedar. He was also a part of [[Shejari Shejari Pakke Shejari]] on [[Zee Marathi]]. He made a special appearance in 51st episode of [[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]] as 'Dagadu' from [[Timepass 2]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeemarathi.com/shows/dil-dosti-duniyadaari/video/dil-dosti-duniyadaari-episode-51-may-5-2015-full-episode.html |title=Dil Dosti Duniyadaari - Episode 51 - May 5, 2015 - Full Episode |date=5 May 2015 |work=[[Zee Marathi]]}}</ref> He also played the role of 'Rajabhau' (as young [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]) in the Marathi television show [[Chuk Bhul Dyavi Ghyavi]]. He also hosted the 2017 Marathi Zee Cine Awards alongside [[Sumeet Raghavan]] and also won the Best Supporting Actor Award for [[Halal]] in the same.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Serial !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2000 ||''[[Abhalmaya]]'' || ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Shejari Shejari Pakke Shejari]]'' || Bhujang ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu: Naya Hai Yeh]]'' || Himself || Winner of Fu Bai Fu: Naya Hai Yeh along with Vishakha Subhedar
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Dil Dosti Duniyadari]]'' || Dagadu || Special Appearance
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Chuk Bhul Dyavi Ghyavi]]'' || Young Rajabhau ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Bigg Boss Marathi season 1|Bigg Boss Marathi 1]]'' || Himself ||Special appearance
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Maharashtrachi Hasyajatra]]'' || Himself ||Contestant
|}

==Awards==
* Zee Chitra Gaurav 2017 – Best Supporting Actor [[Halal (film)|Halal]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{IMDb name|6294929}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jadhav, Priyadarshan}}
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Marathi actors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1980 births]]
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Katamdevara kote

2026-02-06T21:35:29Z

NoeMacmillan574: adding new article nd citations

{{Short description|Village in Chitradurga District, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2016}}
{{more refs|date=January 2024}}

'''Katamdevara Kote''' otherwise '''Katamdevarakote''' is a small village in [[Challakere]] Taluk, [[Chitradurga]] District of India.<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/603/download/2060/DH_2011_2912_PART_B_DCHB_CHITRADURGA.pdf|access-date=23 May 2024|title= Census Data 2011}}</ref><ref>[https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5505-chitradurga-chitradurga-karnataka.html Census2011.co.in: List of all towns and village in Chitradurga taluka]</ref> It is located at the border of [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The distance from the nearest town is 33 kilometers away from Challakere town towards [[Kalyandurg|Kalyanadurga]] town, 32 kilometers from Kalyanadurga town, and 31 kilometers from [[Rayadurgam]] Town.

Its population in 2011 was 1,781.<ref name="census" /> The village contains a Government Higher Primary School, a Primary Health Center, the [[Anganwadi|Anganawadi]] Center and a private school (Sarvodaya Lower/Higher Primary school)..

The main crops are jowar ([[sorghum]]), onion, banana, and groundnut.

Here are many Hindu temples with the famous Anjineya temple, Siva Temple, Basavanna Temple, Palanayaka Temple, Kadaramma Temple, and more temples are under construction.

This village has a ritual pond with a surface area of 1 square kiometer, with a Siva temple located above the pond retaining wall.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Villages in Chitradurga district]]

{{Chitradurga-geo-stub}}

Baldev Singh Bali

2026-02-06T05:56:38Z

NoeMacmillan574: added bio

{{Short description|Indian musician}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Baldev Singh Bali
| image = Baldev-Singh-Bali.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1940|9|20|}}
| birth_place = Jammu
| years_active = 1958–present
| occupation = [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classical]] [[Vocalist]] Professor emeritus at the [[University of Jammu]]
| parents = Surinder Singh Bali (father) Shanta Bali (mother)
| spouse = Smt. Veena Bali
| children = Vasudha Dutt, Pinka Bali, Mukta Monish Mehta<ref>{{cite news |title=Revival of a tradition |publisher=[[Kashmir Times]] |date=7 July 1991}}</ref>
}}
Prof. '''Baldev Singh Bali''' (also known as '''B.S.Bali''') is an Indian classical musician and Professor emeritus at the [[University of Jammu|Institute of Music and Fine Arts Jammu]] where he also served as the Dean of the college and Head of the Music Faculty.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ex-Faculty and Alumni of Institute of Music and Dance |url=https://sbkk.in/institute-backup/ |publisher=sbkk.in}}</ref>

==Family==
Baldev Singh Bali was born to Surinder Singh Bali and Shanta Bali.<ref>{{cite news |title=आर्ट फाउंडेशन प्रोफ. बलि को आज सम्मानित करेगा |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=28 February 1991}}</ref> His grandfather Kartar Singh Bali has served the [[Dogra dynasty|Dogra rulers]] of his time as the military secretary as well as foreign affairs aid.<ref>{{cite web |title=Music soothes and comforts ailing human mind: Prof Bali |url=https://militarymen.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/prof-baldev-singh-bali-views-a.jpeg |publisher=Greater Jammu |date=7 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jammu Musician Honoured |publisher=[[Kashmir Times]] |date=28 February 1991}}</ref>

==Musical training==
His first music teacher was Ram Prashad Razdan and Pt. Dilip Chandra Vedi from whom he learned classical music for 10 years from 1957.<ref>{{cite news |title=भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत के कार्यक्रम के पश्चात् प्रोफ. बलदेव सिंह बाली को सम्मानिटकरते हुए उत्तर कमांड के स्टाफ प्रमुख लत. छोल. महेंद्र मोहन केलिए |publisher=[[Dainik Navajyoti]] |date=30 April 1996}}</ref> In 1958, he learned [[Kirana gharana]] [[gayaki]] from [[Bhimsen Joshi]] when he came to Jammu for a Radio engagement.<ref>{{cite news |title=प्रोफ. बाली ने शास्त्रीय गायन से समा बांधा |publisher=[[Nava Bharat]] |date=16 September 2001}}</ref> He has been a part of several music conferences and performances with Pt. Bhimsen Joshi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Radio Kashmir Jammu at a Glance Year 2015 - Early Times Newspaper Jammu Kashmir |url=http://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=167412 |work=www.earlytimes.in}}</ref> He was also trained in Dhrupad, Dhamar, Khayal, Thumri, Tappa, and Bhajans.<ref>{{cite news |title=शुद्ध संगीत के लिए गुरु शिष्य परंपरा आवश्यक है |publisher=[[Amar Ujala]] |date=3 September 1977}}</ref>

==Education==
Baldev Singh Bali did his B.A. from the [[University of Kashmir|University of Jammu and Kashmir]] and Prabhakar (Honours in Hindi) from the [[University of the Punjab|University of Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news |title=शास्त्रीय संगीत गायक प्रोफ. बाली ने देश भर में बिखेरा सुरून का जादू |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=28 August 2003}}</ref> He completed his master's degree in music from [[Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, New Delhi|Gandharva Mahavidyalaya Mandal]] in [[Pune, Maharashtra]].<ref name="pioneer">{{cite news |title=For the first time, Dogri songs have been rendered in classical strains. Suraj Saraf meets composer B S Bali in Jammu |work=Volume 5 |issue=184 |publisher=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]] |date=7 July 1995 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

==Career==
He joined the [[University of Jammu|Institute of Music and Fine Arts Jammu]] as an instructor for vocal Indian classical music.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bali's soulful singing captivates |publisher=Kashmir Times |date=27 February 1996}}</ref> In 1972 he was promoted as a Senior Instructor and later to the position of Principal in 1993.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhajan sandhya held on Navratra festival |publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 October 2001}}</ref> He retired in 1998 as ex-Dean of the college and Head of the Music Faculty at [[University of Jammu]]. He has been an ex-member on Advisory Panel of [[All India Radio]]<ref>{{cite web |title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXIII. No. 10. ( 10 MARCH, 1958) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivrqDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Baldev+Singh+Bali%22+all+india+radio&pg=PT46 |publisher=Publications Division (India), New Delhi |language=en |date=10 March 1958}}</ref> and an expert member on the interview Board of the Institute of Music and Fine Arts constituted by the [[Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages]].<ref name="pioneer" /> He also served on the panel of experts in the subject of education at [[Kurukshetra University]] where he was one of the panel advisor to Northern Command for recruitment of music faculty.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhajans at Mansa Devi to mark Navratras |publisher=Chandigarh Newsline |date=22 October 2001}}</ref>

In 1994, he was entrusted by the [[Vaishno Devi Temple|Shree Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board]] to produce a music cassette, which was sung by [[Bharat Ratna]] Pt. [[Bhimsen Joshi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhajan program marks Navratri |publisher=Chandigarh Newsline |date=22 October 2001}}</ref> The music cassette was released by [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]].

==Accolades==
* State Award from [[K. V. Krishna Rao]] for contribution in the field of Music in 1996<ref>{{cite news |title=संगीत की ज़िन्दगी के लिए रियाज़ ज़रूरी |publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=15 September 2001}}</ref>
* Nehru Centenary Award by Justice R. P. Sethi of [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]] in 1989<ref>{{cite news |title=Sadhana' lights the lamp of music |publisher=[[Kashmir Times]] |date=8 September 1996}}</ref>
* Silver Medal by the then Prime Minister of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|J & K]] [[Sheikh Abdullah|Sheikh Mohd. Abdullah]] in 1952<ref>{{cite news |title=Mesmerising Vocal recital by Prof Bali |publisher=[[Kashmir Times]] |date=7 June 1995}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Indian ghazal singers]]
[[Category:University of Jammu alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Jammu]]
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]
[[Category:Kirana gharana]]
[[Category:People from Jammu district]]
[[Category:Singers from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Kurukshetra University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian radio personalities]]

Kapila

2026-01-25T06:49:46Z

NoeMacmillan574: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{Short description|Vedic Sage in Hindu tradition}}
{{about|the Hindu sage Kapila}}
{{See also-text|[[Kapil Ashram]]}}{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| image = Kapila.jpg
| alt = Kapila
| caption = Watercolour painting on paper of Kapila, a [[rishi|sage]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| philosophy = [[Samkhya]]
| parents = Devahuti (mother), [[Kardama]] (father)
| influenced = [[Buddha]], [[Vyasa]], [[Samkhya]] and [[Yoga]] philosophers
| spouse = Dhriti <ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/brahma-vaivarta-purana-all-four-kandas-english-translation/page/n168/mode/1up?q=Kapila | title=Brahma Vaivarta Purana - English Translation - All Four Kandas | date=January 2003 }}</ref>
}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Kapila''' ({{langx|sa|कपिल}}) (7th<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p350">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch|url-access=registration|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=350|access-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316052117/https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>-6th-century BCE<ref name=encyclobritannicakapila/>), also referred to as '''Cakradhanus''',<ref name="www.wisdomlib.org">{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Kapila |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241684.html |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> is a Vedic sage in [[Hinduism|Hindu]] tradition,<ref name= britannicakapila/><ref name=kapilavedic2/>{{refn|group=note|The historicity of Kapila is debated. Several scholars have put forward that he is entirely mythological.}} regarded the founder of the [[Samkhya]] school of [[Hindu philosophy]].<ref name="Dhand2009p41">{{cite book|author=Arti Dhand|title=Woman as Fire, Woman as Sage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rCopAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|year=2009|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7988-9|pages=41–42|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416134501/https://books.google.com/books?id=rCopAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name= britannicakapila>{{cite book|author=((Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica))|title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qH4xAQAAIAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|isbn=978-0-85229-633-2|page=731|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416130243/https://books.google.com/books?id=qH4xAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=live}}, Quote:"Kapila (fl. 550 BC), Vedic sage and founder of the system of Samkhya, one of the six schools of Vedic philosophy."</ref>

His influence on [[Buddha]] and [[Buddhism]] has long been the subject of scholarly studies. There have been accusations by [[Theravada|orthodox Buddhists]] that [[Sarvastivada|Sarvastivadins]] are heavily influenced by [[Sankhya|Samkhya]] school of philosophy.<ref name="maxmuller9" /><ref>W. Woodhill Rockhill (2000 Reprint), The Life of the Buddha and the Early History of His Order, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-1-136-37937-6}}, pages 11–19</ref>

According to the [[Brahmanda Purana]], Kapila is described as an incarnation of [[Vishnu]]: "Bhagavān Nārāyaṇa will protect us all. The Lord of the universe has now been born in the world as Kapilācārya."<ref name="www.wisdomlib.org"/>

Many historic personalities in Hinduism and [[Jainism]], mythical figures, pilgrimage sites in Indian religion, as well as an ancient variety of cow, are named after Kapila, or share his name.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002p350" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Knut A. Jacobsen|title=Pilgrimage in the Hindu Tradition: Salvific Space|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn6_3oBFAqIC&pg=PA114|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-59038-9|pages=114–115|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119033408/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn6_3oBFAqIC&pg=PA114|archive-date=19 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fynes144">{{cite book|author1=Hemacandra|translator1-first=R. C. C. |translator1-last=Fynes |title=The Lives of the Jain Elders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=quNpKVqABGMC&pg=PA144|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-283227-6|pages=144–146, Canto Seven, verses 1–19|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111181352/https://books.google.com/books?id=quNpKVqABGMC&pg=PA144|archive-date=11 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Kapila Maharshi Statue Nashik.jpg|thumb|Statue of Kapila Maharshi, [[Nashik]]]]
[[File:Statue of Kapila.jpg|thumb|Memorial Statue of the sage Kapila at the entrance gate of the [[Uchhaith|Uchchaith Bhagawati Mandir]] complex near [[Benipatti]] town in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of Bihar ]]

==Biography==
The name Kapila appears in many texts, and it is likely that these names refer to different people.<ref name=rajusdit304/><ref>{{cite journal | last=Burley | first=M. | title=Kapila: Founder of Samkhya and Avatara of Visnu (with a Translation of Kapilasurisamvada). By Knut A. Jacobsen. | journal=The Journal of Hindu Studies | publisher=Oxford University Press | volume=2 | issue=2 | year=2009 | pages=244–246 | doi=10.1093/jhs/hip013 }}</ref> The most famous reference is to the sage Kapila with his student [[Asuri (Samkhya)|Āsuri]], who in the Indian tradition, are considered as the first masters of [[Samkhya]] school of [[Hindu philosophy]]. While he pre-dates [[Buddha]], it is unclear which century he lived in, with some suggesting 6th-century BCE.<ref name=encyclobritannicakapila>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kapila Kapila] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116050816/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kapila |date=16 November 2015 }} Encyclopædia Britannica (2014)</ref> Others place him in the 7th century BCE.<ref name=rajusdit304>PT Raju (1985), Structural Depths of Indian Thought, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0-88706-139-4}}, page 304</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=A. L. Herman|title=An Introduction to Buddhist Thought: A Philosophic History of Indian Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJ8KAAAAYAAJ|year=1983|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-8191-3595-7|page=178|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416134626/https://books.google.com/books?id=KJ8KAAAAYAAJ|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> This places him in the late [[Vedic period]] (1500 BCE to 500 BCE), and he has been called a Vedic sage.<ref name= britannicakapila/><ref name=kapilavedic2>{{cite book|author=Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer|title=Traditional Epics: A Literary Companion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcLYAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510276-5|page=321|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223203151/https://books.google.com/books?id=LcLYAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=23 December 2016|url-status=live}}, '''Quote:''' "Kapila was a Vedic sage (ca. 550 B.C.) and founder of the Samkhya school of Vedic philosophy."; {{cite book|author1=John Haldane|author2=Krishna Dronamraju|title=What I Require From Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5233gQF1kBEC&pg=PA225|year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-923770-8|page=225|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416132809/https://books.google.com/books?id=5233gQF1kBEC&pg=PA225|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kapila is credited with authoring an influential [[sutra]], called Samkhya-sutra (also called Kapila-sutra), which aphoristically presents the dualistic philosophy of Samkhya.<ref name=ballantyne156>Kapila (James Robert Ballantyne, Translator, 1865), {{Google books|mOY9AAAAcAAJ|The Sāmkhya aphorisms of Kapila}}, pages 156–157</ref><ref>Max Muller et al. (1999 Reprint), Studies in Buddhism, Asian Educational Services, {{ISBN|81-206-1226-4}}, page 10 with footnote</ref> These sutras were explained in another well studied text of Hinduism called the [[Samkhyakarika]].<ref name=rajusdit304/> Beyond his Samkhya philosophy, he appears in many dialogues of Hindu texts, such as in explaining and defending the principle of [[ahimsa]] (non-violence) in the [[Mahabharata]].<ref name="Dhand2009p41"/>

== Hinduism ==
Kapila is the tenth child of the sage [[Kardama]] and Devahūti. Kardama is provided a boon by Narayana that he would himself be born as his son. After attaining this, Kardama wished to leave for the forest for penance and research and Vedic study. Kardama had nine daughters who were very learned and went ahead to marry great sages mentioned in ancient Indian history{{Note|Or Hindu mythology, as several scholars assert}}.

=== Vedic texts ===
The [[Rigveda]] X.27.16 mentions Kapila (''daśānām ekam kapilam'') which the 14th-century Vedic commentator [[Sayana]] thought refers to a sage; a view which Chakravarti in 1951 and Larson in 1987 consider unreliable, with Chakravarti suggesting that the word refers to one of the [[Maruts]],<ref name="chakravarthi">{{cite book |last=Chakravarti |first=Pulinbihari |title=Origin and Development of the Sāṃkhya System of Thought |url=http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_yukti-dipika_intro.pdf |year=1951 |publisher=Oriental Books Reprint Corporation: exclusively distributed by Munshinam Manoharlal Publishers |page=6 |access-date=9 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822014138/http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_yukti-dipika_intro.pdf |archive-date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> while Larson and Bhattacharya state kapilam in that verse means "tawny" or "reddish-brown";<ref name="larson">{{cite book|author1=Larson, Gerald James|author2=Potter, Karl H.|author3=Bhattacharya, Ram Shankar|title=The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Sāṃkhya, Volume 4 of The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies|year =1987| publisher=Princeton University Press, (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass)| page=109|isbn=978-0-691-60441-1}}</ref> as is also translated by Griffith.{{refn|group=note|dashAnAmekaM kapilaM samAnaM taM hinvanti kratavepAryAya 
garbhaM mAtA sudhitaM vakSaNAsvavenantantuSayantI bibharti <ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.intratext.com/ixt/san0010/__POI.HTM | title=Rig Veda (Sanskrit): Text - IntraText CT | access-date=10 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826163922/http://www.intratext.com/ixt/san0010/__POI.HTM | archive-date=26 August 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> Translated by Griffith as: 
One of the ten, the tawny, shared in common, they send to execute their final purpose. The Mother carries on her breast the Infant of noble form and soothes it while it knows not.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.intratext.com/ixt/ENG0039/__PO0.HTM | title=Rig Veda (Griffith tr.): Text - IntraText CT | access-date=10 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826172005/http://www.intratext.com/ixt/ENG0039/__PO0.HTM | archive-date=26 August 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref>}}

The Śata-piṭaka Series on the Śākhās of the [[Yajurveda]] – estimated to have been composed between 1200 and 1000 BCE<ref name="mwitzel68">Michael Witzel (2003), "Vedas and Upaniṣads", in The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism (Editor: Gavin Flood), Blackwell, {{ISBN|0-631-21535-2}}, pages 68–70</ref> – mention of a ''Kapila Śākhā'' situated in the Āryāvarta, which implies a Yajurveda school is named after Kapila.<ref name="larson" /> The term Kapileya, meaning "clans of Kapila", occurs in the [[Aitareya Brahmana]] VII.17 but provides no information on the original Kapila.{{refn|group=note|Quote from Chakravarti's work: These Kapileyas are the clans of Kapila, but who was the original Kapila, we cannot know; for the text does not supply us with any further data. In his article on the Śākhās of the Yajurveda, Dr. Raghuvira acquaints us with one ''Kapila Śākhā'' that was situated in the Āryāvarta. But we do not know anything else as regards the Kapila with whom the said branch was associated. Further in the ''khilas'' of the Rgveda, one Kapila is mentioned along with some other sages. But the account of all these Kapilas is very meagre and hence cannot be much estimated in discussing the attitude of Sāṃkhya Kapila towards the Vedas. Though the Sāṃkhya vehemently criticises the Vedic sacrifices, but thereby it does not totally set aside the validity of the Vedas. In that case it is sure to fall under the category of the nāstika philosophy and could not exercise so much influence upon the orthodox minds; for it is well known that most of the branches of orthodox literature are more or less replete with the praise of Samkhya".<ref>{{cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Pulinbihari|title=Origin and Development of the Sāṃkhya System of Thought|url=http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_yukti-dipika_intro.pdf|year=1951|publisher=Oriental Books Reprint Corporation: exclusively distributed by Munshinam Manoharlal Publishers|page=7|access-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822014138/http://theosnet.net/dzyan/hindu/samkhya_karika_and_yukti-dipika_intro.pdf|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The pariśiṣṭa (addenda) of the [[Atharvaveda]] (at XI.III.3.4){{refn|group=note|The pariśiṣṭa to each Veda were composed after the Veda;<ref>{{cite book|author1=Moriz Winternitz|author2=V. Srinivasa Sarma|title=A History of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRfuJFRV_O8C|year=1996|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0264-3|pages=261–262|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708015319/https://books.google.com/books?id=JRfuJFRV_O8C|archive-date=8 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Atharvaveda itself estimated to have been composed by about 1000 BCE.<ref name=mwitzel68/>}} mentions Kapila, Āsuri and Pañcaśikha in connection with a libation ritual for whom ''tarpana'' is to be offered.<ref name="larson" /> In verse 5.2 of [[Shvetashvatara Upanishad]], states Larson, both the terms Samkhya and Kapila appear, with Kapila meaning colour as well as a "seer" ([[Rishi]]) with the phrase "''ṛṣiṃ prasūtaṃ kapilam&nbsp;... tam agre..''"; which when compared to other verses of the [[Shvetashvatara Upanishad]] Kapila likely construes to Rudra and Hiranyagarbha.<ref name="larson" /> However, Max Muller is of view that Hiranyagarbha, namely Kapila in this context, varies with the tenor of the Upanishad, is distinct and is later used to link Kapila and assign the authorship of Samkya system to Hiranyagarbha in reverence for the philosophical system.<ref name="muller">{{cite book|last= Müller |first=F.Max |title=The Upanishads, Part 2| year =2012| publisher=Courier Corporation| page=xxxviii-xli| isbn =978-0-486-15711-5}}</ref>

=== Puranas ===
Kapila, states George Williams, lived long before the composition of the Epics and the Puranas, and his name is coopted in various later composed mythologies.<ref>{{cite book|author=George M. Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC |year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|page=181}}</ref>

*'''''As an ascetic and as sleeping Vishnu''''': In the [[Brahma Purana]], when the evil king [[Vena (Hindu king)|Vena]] abandoned the Vedas, declared that he is the only creator of [[dharma]], and broke all limits of righteousness. It is also believed that Kapila is the 5th incarnation of lord vishnu who was born in a village Mahangupur near the banks of river Saryu in Gonda district of Uttarpradesh<ref>{{cite book|author1=Söhnen-Thieme, Renate|author2=Söhnen, Renate|author3=Schreiner, Peter|title=Brahmapurāṇa, Volume 2 of Purāṇa research publications, Tübingen|pages=9–10|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=1989|isbn=3-447-02960-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2c6-tAt4vwC|access-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222031509/https://books.google.com/books?id=J2c6-tAt4vwC|archive-date=22 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and is killed, Kapila advises hermits to churn Vena's thigh from which emerged Nishadas, and his right hand from which Prthu originated who made earth productive again. Kapila and hermits then went to Kapilasangama, a holy place where rivers meet.<ref name="sohnen234">{{cite book|author1=Söhnen-Thieme, Renate|author2=Söhnen, Renate|author3=Schreiner, Peter|title=Brahmapurāṇa, Volume 2 of Purāṇa research publications, Tübingen|pages=234–235|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=1989|isbn=3-447-02960-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2c6-tAt4vwC|access-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222031509/https://books.google.com/books?id=J2c6-tAt4vwC|archive-date=22 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Brahma Purana also mentions Kapila in the context of [[King Sagara|Sagara]]'s 60,000 sons who looking for their Ashvamedha horse, disturbed Vishnu who is sleeping in the shape of Kapila. He woke up, the brilliance in his eyes burnt all but four of Sagara's sons to ashes, leaving few survivors carrying on the family lineage.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Söhnen-Thieme, Renate|author2=Söhnen, Renate|author3=Schreiner, Peter|title=Brahmapurāṇa, Volume 2 of Purāṇa research publications, Tübingen|pages=22, 141–142|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=1989|isbn=3-447-02960-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2c6-tAt4vwC|access-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222031509/https://books.google.com/books?id=J2c6-tAt4vwC|archive-date=22 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[King Sagara|Sagara]]'s son is King Dilipa and his grandson is [[Bhagiratha]]. On the advice of his guru Trithala, Bhagiratha did penance for a thousand years (according to god timeline) to please Ganga, to gain the release his 60,000 great-uncles from the curse of saint Kapila.
*'''''As Vishnu's incarnation''''': The [[Narada Purana]] enumerates two Kapilas, one as the incarnation of [[Brahma]] and another as the incarnation of [[Vishnu]]. The Puranas [[Bhagavata Purana|Bhagavata]], [[Brahmanda]], [[Vishnu Purana|Vishnu]], [[Padma Purana|Padma]], [[Skanda Purana|Skanda]], [[Narada Purana]]; and the [[Valmiki Ramayana]] mentions Kapila is an incarnation of Vishnu. The Padma Purana and Skanda Purana conclusively call him Vishnu himself who descended on earth to disseminate true knowledge. Bhagavata Purana calls him ''Vedagarbha Vishnu''. The [[Vishnu sahasranama|Vishnusahasranama]] mentions Kapila as a name of Vishnu. In his commentary on the Samkhyasutra, [[Vijnanabhikshu]] mentions Kapila, the founder of Samkhya system, is Vishnu. Jacobsen suggests Kapila of the Veda, [[Śramaṇa]] tradition and the Mahabharata is the same person as Kapila the founder of Samkhya; and this individual is considered as an incarnation of Vishnu in the Hindu texts.<ref name="jacobsen">{{cite book |year=2008 |surname=Jacobsen |given=Knut A. |author-link=Knut A. Jacobsen |title=Kapila, Founder of Sāṃkhya and Avatāra of Viṣṇu: With a Translation of Kapilāsurisaṃvāda |place=New Delhi |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal]] |isbn=978-81-215-1194-0 |pages=9–25}}</ref>
*'''''As son of Kardama muni''''': The Book 3 of the [[Bhagavata Purana]],<ref name="Sheridan" /><ref>{{cite book|last= Sen |first=Gunada Charan |title=Srimadbhagavatam: A Concise Narrative| year =1986| publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers| pages=26–28|isbn=81-215-0036-2}}</ref> states Kapila is the son of [[Kardama]] Prajapati and his wife Devahuti. Kardama is born from Chaya, the reflection of [[Brahma]]. Brahma asks Kardama to procreate upon which Kardama goes to the banks of [[Sarasvati river]], practices penance, visualizes [[Vishnu]] and is told by Vishnu that [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]], the son of Brahma will arrive there with his wife [[Shatarupa]] in search of a groom for their daughter Devahuti. Vishnu advises Kardama to marry Devahuti, and blesses Kardama that he himself will be born as his son. Besides Kapila as their only son, Kardama and Devahuti had nine daughters, namely Kala, [[Anusuya]], Sraddha, Havirbhu, Gati, Kriya, [[Khyati]], [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]] and Shanti who were married to [[Marichi|Marici]], [[Atri]], [[Angiras]], [[Pulastya]], [[Pulaha]], Kratu, [[Bhrigu]], [[Vashistha]], and [[Atharvan]] respectively. H.H.Wilson notes the Bhagavatha adds a third daughter Devahuti to introduce the long legend of Kardama, and of their son Kapila, an account not found elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book|last= Wilson |first=H.H |title=The Vishnu Purana| year =1961| publisher=Рипол Классик|page=108| isbn=5-87618-744-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EU8NAwAAQBAJ&q=kapila+kardama+%22legend+not+met+with+anywhere+else%22+wilson&pg=PA108}}</ref> Kapila is described, states Daniel Sheridan, by the redactor of the Purana, as an incarnation of the supreme being Vishnu, in order to reinforce the Purana teaching by linking it to the traditional respect to Kapila's Samkhya in Hinduism.<ref name="Sheridan" /> In the Bhagavata Purana, Kapila presents to his mother Devahuti, the philosophy of [[yoga]] and theistic dualism.<ref name="Sheridan" /> Kapila's Samkhya is also described through Krishna to [[Uddhava]] in Book 11 of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', a passage also known as the "[[Uddhava Gita]]".<ref name="Sheridan">{{cite book |last=Sheridan |first=Daniel |title=The Advaitic Theism of the Bhagavata Purana |pages=42–43 |publisher=South Asia Books |location=Columbia, Mo |year=1986 |isbn=81-208-0179-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrtYYTjYFY8C |access-date=11 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215105221/https://books.google.com/books?id=qrtYYTjYFY8C |archive-date=15 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''''As son of Kashyapa''''': The Matsya Purana mentions Kapila as the son of [[Kashyapa]] from his wife [[Danu (Asura)|Danu]], daughter of Daksha Prajapati. Kapila is one among Danu's 100 sons, and her other sons (Kapila's brothers) mentioned in the Vishnu Purana include Dvimurddha, Shankara, Ayomukha, Shankhushiras, Samvara, Ekachakra, Taraka, Vrishaparvan, Svarbhanu, [[Puloman]], Viprachitti and other [[Danavas]].<ref>{{cite book|last= Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism--An Alphabetical Guide| year =2014| publisher=Penguin, UK| isbn=978-81-8475-277-9}}</ref>
*'''''As son of Vitatha or Bharadwaja''''': In the [[Brahma Purana]]<ref name="vp112">{{Cite web | url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp112.htm | title=The Vishnu Purana: Book IV: Chapter XIX | access-date=9 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512051546/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp112.htm | archive-date=12 May 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> and in the [[Harivamsa]]<ref name="alan">{{cite book|last=Daniélou|first=Alan|title=The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series|year=1991|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|page=[https://archive.org/details/mythsgodsofindia00dani/page/183 183]|isbn=0-89281-354-7|url=https://archive.org/details/mythsgodsofindia00dani/page/183}}</ref> Kapila is the son of Vitatha. Daniélou translates Vitatha to inaccuracy;<ref name="alan" /> and Wilson notes Bharadwaja is also named Vitatha (unprofitable);<ref name="vp112" /> while he is given in adoption to Bharata. Vishnu Purana notes Bhavanmanyu is the son of Vitatha but Brahma Purana and Harivamsa omit this and make Suhotra, Anuhotra, Gaya, Garga, and Kapila the sons of Vitatha.<ref name="vp112" /> The Brahma Purana differs from other puranas in saying Vitatha is the son of [[Bharadwaja]]; and upon the death of Bharata, Bharadwaja installed Vitatha as the king, before leaving for the forest.<ref>{{cite book|last= Sarmah |first=Taneswar|title=Bharadvājas in Ancient India| year =1991| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ| page=61|isbn=81-208-0639-5}}</ref>

=== Dharmasutras and other texts ===
{{Quote box
|quote = '''Non-violence'''
<poem>
Fearlessness to all living beings from my side,
Svāhā!
</poem>
|source = —''Kapila'', Baudhayana Grihya Sutra, 4.16.4<ref name="HoubenKooij1999p131"/> Translators: Jan E. M. Houben, Karel Rijk van Kooij
|bgcolor=#FFE0BB
|align = right
}}'''As son of [[Prahlada]]''': The Baudhayana Dharmasutra mentions the Asura{{Refn|group=note|In Vedic texts, Asura refers to any spiritual or divine being.<ref name="HoubenKooij1999p131">{{cite book|author1=Jan E. M. Houben|author2=Karel Rijk van Kooij|title=Violence Denied: Violence, Non-Violence and the Rationalization of Violence in South Asian Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6znfIA3UfWcC&pg=PA131|year=1999|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-11344-4|pages=131–132, 143|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112183407/https://books.google.com/books?id=6znfIA3UfWcC&pg=PA131|archive-date=12 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, the meaning of Asura contrasts with Deva.<ref>Jeaneane D Fowler (2012), The Bhagavad Gita, Sussex Academic Press, {{ISBN|978-1-84519-346-1}}, pages 253–262</ref>}} Kapila is the son of Prahlada in the chapter laying rules for the [[Vaikhanasas]].{{refn|group=note|
Baudhayana Dharma Sutra, Prasna II, Adhyaya 6, Kandika 11, Verses 1 to 34: 
14. A hermit is he who regulates his conduct entirely according to the Institutes proclaimed by Vikhanas.(...) 
28. With reference to this matter they quote also (the following passage): 'There was, forsooth, an Âsura, Kapila by name, the son of Prahlâda. Striving with the gods, he made these divisions. A wise man should not take heed of them.'<ref>{{cite web| author=Georg Bühler| year=1898| title=The sacred laws of the Aryas : as taught in the schools of Apastamba, Gautama, Vasishtha and Baudhayana| website=Internet Archive| pages=256–262 (verses II.6.11.1–34)| url=https://archive.org/stream/sacredlawsofarya00buhliala#page/256/mode/2up| publisher=The Christian Literature Company| access-date=2016-08-09| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319071743/https://archive.org/stream/sacredlawsofarya00buhliala#page/256/mode/2up| archive-date=19 March 2016| url-status=live}}</ref>}} The section IV.16 of ''Baudhāyana Gṛhyasūtra'' mentions Kapila as the one who set up rules for ascetic life.<ref name="larson" /> Kapila is credited, in the Baudhayana Dharmasutra, with creating the four [[Ashrama (stage)|Ashrama]] orders: [[Brahmacharya|Brahmachārya]], [[Grihastha]], [[Vanaprastha|Vānaprastha]] and [[Sannyasa|Sanyāsa]], and suggesting that renouncer should never injure any living being in word, thought or deed.<ref name="HoubenKooij1999p131" /> He is said to have made rules for renouncement of the sacrifices and rituals in the Vedas, and an ascetic's attachment instead to the [[Brahman]] / ब्रह्मन् (not to be confused with [[Brahmin|Brāhmin]]).<ref name="buhlerbaudh">{{cite web | author=Georg Bühler | year=1898 | title=The sacred laws of the Aryas : as taught in the schools of Apastamba, Gautama, Vasishtha and Baudhayana | website=Internet Archive | url=https://archive.org/stream/sacredlawsofarya00buhliala#page/260/mode/2up | publisher=The Christian Literature Company | access-date=2016-08-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319071743/https://archive.org/stream/sacredlawsofarya00buhliala#page/260/mode/2up | archive-date=19 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Baudhayana Dharmasutra Prasna II, Adyaya 6, Kandiaka 11, Verses 26 to 34 dissuade the Vaikhanasas from sacrificial ritual works in the Vedas.<ref name="buhlerbaudh"/>}} In other Hindu texts such as the Mahabharata, Kapila is again the sage who argues against sacrifices, and for non-violence and an end to cruelty to animals, with the argument that if sacrifices benefited the animal, then logically the family who sacrifices would benefit by a similar death.<ref name="Dhand2009p41" /> According to Chaturvedi, in a study of inscriptions of Khajuraho temples, the early Samkhya philosophers were possibly disciples of female teachers.{{refn|group=note|Quote from p. 49–51: Of course, the Panchatantrikas accorded a place of honour to Kapila who was designated ''muni'' and ''paramarishi'', and even identified with Narayana. The original concept of Kapila, the ''asura exponent of one of the oldest systems of philosophy is, however, preserved in the present inscription''. (...) The Rūpamaņḍana and Aparājittapŗichha accounts of the deity mention a female face instead of Kapila which has puzzled scholars. In this connection, it may be pointed out that in the Mahabharata, Pañcaśīkha the disciple of Āsuri has been called Kapileya. He was so named because he was fed on the breast-milk of a brahmana lady, Kapila. According to Chattopadhyaya, "We have to take the story of Kapila breast-feeding Panchasikha ina figurative sense and if we do so the myth might suggest the story of an original female preceptor of the Samkhya system."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Chaturvedi |first=S.N. |year= 1985|title= The Vaikuṇtha image and the Khajurāho inscription of Yaśovarmmadeva|journal=Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art |volume=14 |pages=49–51 |publisher=Indian Society of Oriental Art }}</ref>}}

=== Imagery in the [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agamas]] ===
Kapila's imagery is depicted with a beard, seated in ''Padmāsana'' with closed eyes indicating ''Dhyāna'', with a ''Jaṭā-maṇḍala'' around the head, showing high shoulders indicating he is greatly adept in controlling breath, draped in deer skin, wearing the ''Yagñopavīta'', with a ''Kamaṇḍalu'' near him, with one hand placed in front of the crossed legs, and feet marked with lines resembling outline of a lotus. This Kapila is identified with Kapila the founder of Sāṅkhya system;<ref name="rao">{{cite book|first= Rao |last=T.A.Gopinatha |title=Elements of Hindu iconography| year =1993| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass| pages=247–248|isbn=81-208-0878-9}}</ref> while the Vaikhānasasāgama gives somewhat varying description. The Vaikhānasasāgama places Kapila as an āvaraņadēvāta and allocates the south-east corner of the first āvaraņa.<ref name="rao"/> As the embodiment of the Vedas his image is seated facing east with eight arms; of which four on the right should be in abhaya mudra, the other three should carry the Chakra, Khaḍga, Hala; one left hand is to rest on the hip in the ''kațyavarlambita'' pose and other three should carry the Ṡaṅkha, Pāśa and Daṇḍa.<ref name="rao"/>

=== Other descriptions ===
*The name Kapila is sometimes used as an epithet for [[Vasudeva]] with Vasudeva having incarnated in the place named Kapila.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ānandavardhana |author2=Ingalls, Daniel Henry Holmes |title=Locana: Volume 49 of The Dhvanyāloka of Ānandavardhana with the Locana of Abhinavagupta| year =1990| publisher=Harvard University Press| page=694|isbn=0-674-20278-3}}</ref>
*Pradyumna assumed the form of Kapila when he became free from desire of worldly influences.<ref name="rao"/>
*Kapila is as one of the seven [[Guardians of the directions|Dikpalas]] with the other six being Dharma, Kala, Vasu, Vasuki, Ananta.
*The Jayakhya Samhita of 5th century AD alludes to the Chaturmukha Vishnu of Kashmir and mentions Vishnu with Varaha, [[Nrsimha]] and Kapila defeated the asuras who appeared before them in zoomorphic forms with Nrsimha and Varaha posited to be incarnations of Vishnu and Kapila respectively.<ref>{{cite book|last= Malla| first= Bansi Lal|title=Vaiṣṇava Art and Iconography of Kashmir| year =1996| publisher=Abhinav Publications| page=20|isbn=81-7017-305-1}}</ref>
*[[File:Kapil Muni.jpg|thumb|Sketch of Kapil Muni at Kapil Sankhya Ashram, Varanasi]]In the Vamana Purana, the Yakshas were sired by Kapila with his consort Kesini who is from the Khasa class; though the epics attribute the origin of Yakshas to a cosmic egg or to the sage Pulastya; while other puranas posit Kashyapa as the progenitor of Yakshas with his consort Vishva or Khasha.<ref name=misra>{{cite book|last= Misra |first=Ram Nath |title=Yaksha cult and iconography| year =1981| publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal| pages=6, 22}}</ref>
*In some puranas, Kapila is also mentioned as a female, a daughter of Khaśā and a Rākșasī, after whom came the name Kāpileya gaņa.<ref>{{cite book|last= Dikshitar |first=V.R.Ramachandra |title=The Purana Index: Volume I (from A to N)| year =1995| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass| page=314}}</ref> In the Mahabharat, Kapila is a daughter of Daksha{{refn|group=note|Section LXV of the Sambhava Parva of the Mahabharat states: The daughters of Daksha are, O tiger among men and prince of the Bharata race, Aditi, Diti, Danu, Kala, Danayu, Sinhika, Krodha, Pradha, Viswa, Vinata, Kapila, Muni, and Kadru&nbsp;... The Brahmanas, kine, Gandharvas, and Apsaras, were born of Kapila as stated in the Purana.<ref name="sacred-texts.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01066.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXV | access-date=9 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618180243/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01066.htm | archive-date=18 June 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eremita.di.uminho.pt/gutenberg/1/5/4/7/15474/15474-h/15474-h.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Volume I., Book 1-3 by Kisari Mohan Ganguli |access-date=9 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827045158/http://eremita.di.uminho.pt/gutenberg/1/5/4/7/15474/15474-h/15474-h.htm |archive-date=27 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} and having married Kashyapa gave birth to the Brahmanas, Kine, Gandharvas and Apsaras.<ref name="sacred-texts.com">{{Cite web | url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01066.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXV | access-date=9 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618180243/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01066.htm | archive-date=18 June 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref>
*Kapila being a great teacher also had gardening as a hobby focusing his time around the babool (Acacia) tree everywhere he lived.

=== Kapila Devahuti Samvada ===
[[File:Kapila Devahuti discussions.jpg|thumb]]
The Kapila-Devahuti Samvada, detailed in the [[Bhagavata Purana#Third Canto|Third Canto of the Bhagavat Purana]], serves as a foundational dialogue for the theological presentation of [[Samkhya]] philosophy. Shri [[Krishna]] also mentioned this concept briefly to Arjun amidst their conversation during the [[Mahabharata]] war, which has been mentioned in the [[Bhagavad Gita]], Chapter 2, called Samkhya Yog.<ref>Easy Bhagavada Gita [https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Easy_Shrimad_Bhagavad_Gita/76IX0AEACAAJ?hl=en] Chapter Two. Retrieved on 18 January 2024.</ref>

The narrative begins with Devahuti approaching her son Kapila, identified as the Supreme Lord, and expressing distress over a life spent in sense enjoyment, which she regards as wasted. She seeks fearlessness and liberation from suffering.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Ravi M. |last2=Valpey |first2=Kenneth R. |editor1-last=Gupta |editor1-first=Ravi M. |editor2-last=Valpey |editor2-first=Kenneth R. |title=The Bhāgavata Purāṇa: Sacred Text and Living Tradition |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-231-14998-3 |page=55}}</ref> She attributes her condition to bodily identification, articulated as aham mama iti ("I and mine"), and asks Kapila to remove her attachment to the physical body and its sense of ownership.{{sfn|Gupta|Valpey|2013|p=56}} Kapila responds by teaching Samkhya, described as a system of discriminative knowledge. By analyzing the constituents of material reality (tattvas), he distinguishes matter ([[prakriti]]) from spirit ([[purusa]]).{{sfn|Gupta|Valpey|2013|p=56}}

The dialogical analysis aims to dispel identification with the body and mind, reduce attachment to material existence, and ground yoga, meditation on God, devotion, and intellectual stability in systematic knowledge of nature.{{sfn|Gupta|Valpey|2013|p=56}}

== Jainism ==
Kapila is mentioned in chapter VIII of the '' [[Uttaradhyayana|Uttaradhyayana-sutra]]'', states Larson and Bhattacharya, where a discourse of poetical verses is titled as ''Kaviliyam'', or "Kapila's verses".<ref name=larson/>

The name Kapila appears in Jaina texts. For example, in the 12th century [[Hemacandra]]'s epic poem on Jain elders, Kapila appears as a Brahmin who converted to Jainism during the [[Nanda Empire]] era.<ref name=fynes144/>

According to ''Jnatadharmakatha'', Kapila is a contemporary of Krishna and the ''Vasudeva'' of ''Dhatakikhanda''. The text further mentions that both of them blew their ''[[shankha]]'' (conch shell) together.{{sfn|von Glasenapp|1999|p=287}}

== Buddhism ==
Buddhists literature, such as the [[Jataka tales]], state the Buddha is Kapila in one of his previous lives.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Āryaśūra|translator1-first=Justin |translator1-last=Meiland |title=Garland of the Buddha's Past Lives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OOJAAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9581-1|pages=172, 354|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219032758/https://books.google.com/books?id=OOJAAQAAIAAJ|archive-date=19 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Aiyangar Narayan|title=Essays On Indo-Aryan Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oym17qIeB-0C|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0140-6|page=472|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128201247/https://books.google.com/books?id=Oym17qIeB-0C|archive-date=28 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=JF Fleet|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8t0sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164|year=1906|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=164|access-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105145949/https://books.google.com/books?id=8t0sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA164|archive-date=5 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

Scholars have long compared and associated the teachings of Kapila and Buddha. For example, [[Max Muller]] wrote (abridged),

{{Blockquote|
There are no doubt certain notions which Buddha shares in common, not only with Kapila, but with every Hindu philosopher. (...) It has been said that Buddha and Kapila were both atheists, and that Buddha borrowed his atheism from Kapila. But atheism is an indefinite term, and may mean very different things. In one sense, every Indian philosopher was an atheist, for they all perceived that the gods of the populace could not claim the attributes that belong to a Supreme Being (Absolute, the source of all that exists or seems to exist, [[Brahman]] / ब्रह्मन्). (...) Kapila, when accused of atheism, is not accused of denying the existence of an Absolute Being. He is accused of denying the existence of an [[Ishvara]].
|Max Muller et al.|Studies in Buddhism<ref name=maxmuller9>Max Muller et al. (1999 Reprint), Studies in Buddhism, Asian Educational Services, {{ISBN|81-206-1226-4}}, pages 9–10</ref>}}

Max Muller states the link between the more ancient Kapila's teachings on Buddha can be overstated.<ref name=maxmuller9/> This confusion is easy, states Muller, because Kapila's first [[sutra]] in his classic Samkhya-sutra, "the complete cessation of pain, which is of three kinds, is the highest aim of man", sounds like the natural inspiration for Buddha.<ref name=maxmuller9/> However, adds Muller, the teachings on how to achieve this, by Kapila and by Buddha, are very different.<ref name=maxmuller9/>

As Buddhist art often depicts Vedic deities, one can find art of both Narayana and Kapila as kings within a Buddhist temple, along with statues of Buddhist figures such as Amitabha, Maitreya, and Vairocana.<ref>P. 269 ''Introduction to Buddhist art'' By Chikyō Yamamoto</ref>

In Chinese Buddhism, the Buddha directed the Yaksha Kapila and fifteen daughters of Devas to become the patrons of China.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edkins|first=Joseph|title=Chinese Buddhism: A Volume of Sketches, Historical, Descriptive and Critical|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|page=39|isbn=978-1-136-37881-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVH_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA39|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219011536/https://books.google.com/books?id=RVH_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA39|archive-date=19 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Works==
The following works were authored by Kapila, some of which are lost, and known because they are mentioned in other works; while few others are unpublished manuscripts available in libraries stated:{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
*Manvadi Shrāddha - mentioned by Rudradeva in ''Pakayajna Prakasa''.
*Dṛṣṭantara Yoga - also named ''Siddhāntasāra'' available at Madras Oriental Manuscripts Library.
*Kapilanyayabhasa - mentioned by Alberuni in his works.
*Kapila Purana - referred to by Sutasamhita and Kavindracharya. Available at Sarasvati Bhavana Library, Varanasi.
*Kapila Samhita - there are 2 works by the same name. One is the samhita quoted in the ''Bhagavatatatparyanirnaya'' and by Viramitrodaya in ''Samskaras''. Another is the Samhita detailing pilgrim centers of Orissa.
*Kapilasutra - Two books, namely the Samkya Pravacana Sutra and the Tattvasamasasutra, are jointly known as Kapilasutra. Bhaskararaya refers to them in his work Saubhagya-bhaskara.
*Kapila Stotra - Chapters 25 to 33 of the third khanda of the Bhagavata Mahapurana are called Kapila Stotra.
*Kapila Smriti - Available in the work ''Smriti-Sandarbha'', a collection of Smritis, from Gurumandal Publications.
*Kapilopanishad - Mentioned in the ''Anandasrama'' list at 4067 (Anandasrama 4067).
*Kapila Gita - also known as Dṛṣṭantasara or ''Siddhāntasāra''.
*Kapila [[Pancharatra]] - also known as Maha Kapila Pancharatra. Quoted by Raghunandana in ''Saṃskāra Mayukha''.
Ayurveda books mentioning Kapila's works are:
# Vagbhatta mentions Kapila's views in ''Sutrasthana''.
# Nischalakara mentions Kapila's views in his commentary on ''Chikitsa Sangraha''.
# Kapila's views are quoted in ''Ayurvedadipika''.
# The Kavindracharya list at 987 mentions a book named Kapila ''Siddhanta Rasayana''.
# Hemadri quotes Kapila's views in ''Ashtangahradaya'' (16th verse) of the commentary ''Ayurveda Rasayana''.
# Sarvadarsanasamgraha (''Sarva-darśana-saṃgraha'') mentions Kapila's views on [[Raseśvara]] school of philosophy.

==Significance==
Kapila, the founder of Samkhya, has been a highly revered sage in various schools of Hindu philosophy. [[Gaudapada]] (~500 CE), an [[Advaita Vedanta]] scholar, in his [[Bhasya]] called Kapila as one of the seven great sages along with Sanaka, Sananda, Sanatana, Asuri, Vodhu and Pancasikha.<ref name="larson108" /> [[Patanjali]], the [[Yoga (philosophy)|Yoga]] scholar, in his ''[[Yogasutra]]-bhasya'' wrote Kapila to be the "primal wise man, or knower".<ref name="larson108">{{cite book|author1=Larson, Gerald James|author2=Potter, Karl H.|author3=Bhattacharya, Ram Shankar|title=The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Sāṃkhya, Volume 4 of The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies|year =1987| publisher=Princeton University Press, (Reprint: Motilal Banarsidass)| page=108|isbn=978-0-691-60441-1}}</ref> The Buddhist sources mention that the city of [[Kapilavastu (ancient city)|Kapilavastu]] is built in the honor of Kapila. It is in Kapilavastu that the [[Buddha]] is born; and, it is here he spent the first twenty-nine years of his life.<ref>{{Cite web|title=K Definitions|url=https://www.eastern-spirituality.com/glossary/spirituality-terms/k-definitions|access-date=2021-06-16|website=Eastern Spirituality|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Prahlada]]
*[[Narada]]
*[[Vyasa]]
*[[Bhakti yoga]]
*[[Samkhya]]
*[[Ancient Mithila University]]
*[[Kapila Theertham]]
*[[Kapileshwar Temple, Bihar]]
*[[Kaul Village]]
*[[Kalayat]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* {{Citation | last =Flood | first =Gavin D. | author-link = Gavin Flood | year =1996 | title =An Introduction to Hinduism | publisher =Cambridge University Press}}
* {{citation |last=von Glasenapp |first=Helmuth |author-link=Helmuth von Glasenapp |others=Shridhar B. Shrotri (trans.) |title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation |date=1999 |location = [[Delhi]] |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC |isbn=81-208-1376-6 |trans-title=Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion}}
* {{cite book |year=2008 |surname=Jacobsen |given=Knut A. |author-link=Knut A. Jacobsen |title=Kapila, Founder of Sāṃkhya and Avatāra of Viṣṇu: With a Translation of Kapilāsurisaṃvāda |place=New Delhi |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal]] |isbn=978-81-215-1194-0}}
* {{Cite FTP |last=Witzel |first=Michael |year=1995 |title=Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state |volume=1 |issue=4 |server=EJVS |url-status=dead |url=ftp://ftp.uic.edu/pub/library/scua/Vedic%20Studies/1995.01.04.EJVS.pdf }}

==External links==

{{sister project links}}
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/sak/ The Sánkhya Aphorisms of Kapila], 1885 translation by James R. Ballantyne, edited by Fitzedward Hall.

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}
{{VishnuAvatars}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Indian Philosophy}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ancient Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:Avatars of Vishnu]]

Rohit Nair

2026-01-18T18:29:07Z

NoeMacmillan574: New the details added tags

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rohit Nair
| image = Rohit Nair.jpg
| caption = Rohit in 2013
| birthname = Rohit Rajendra Nair
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|3|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], India
| othername = Rohit Nair
| yearsactive = 2013–present
| spouse =
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Rohit Rajendra Nair''' (born 29 March 1990), known as '''Rohit Nair''', is an Indian actor. He made his acting debut in the Malayalam movie [[Abhiyum Njanum]] directed by S.P. Mahesh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/A-dream-come-true-for-Rohit-Nair/articleshow/12030750.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101123913/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-25/news-interviews/31100284_1_mba-student-movies-dream|url-status=live|archive-date=1 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=A dream come true for Rohit Nair|access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/Rohit-Nair-gets-busy-in-M-Town/articleshow/21189640.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131118211049/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-07-21/news-and-interviews/40708232_1_screen-test-m-town-malayali|url-status=live|archive-date=18 November 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Rohit Nair gets busy in M-Town|access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Abhiyum Njanum]]'' || Rahul/ Real Sohan Menon ||
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nair, Rohit}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Arun Netravali

2026-01-01T23:56:41Z

NoeMacmillan574: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian–American computer engineer (1945–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arun N. Netravali
| birth_date = {{birth date|1945|05|26}}
| birth_place= [[Ankola]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]],<ref name="auto">{{cite web |last1=Gudi |first1=Ravi |title=Orbituary |url=https://acr.iitbombay.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Newsletter-June-2022.pdf |website=acr.iitbombay.org |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology Bombay |access-date=6 December 2025 |page=15 |date=June 2022}}</ref> [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
| occupation = Engineer, business executive, professor
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|4|1945|5|26}}<ref name="auto"/>
| death_place = [[Dallas, Texas]], U.S.
| alma_mater = [[IIT Bombay]] (B.Tech) [[Rice University]] (M.S.), (Ph.D.)
| employer = [[Bell Laboratories]]
| awards = [[Marconi Prize]] [[Padma Bhushan]] [[National Medal of Technology]] [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE Fellowship]]

}}
'''Arun N. Netravali''' (May 26 1945 – November 4, 2021) was an [[Indian–American]] computer engineer credited with contributions in digital technology including [[HDTV]]. He conducted research in digital compression, signal processing and other fields. Netravali was the ninth President of [[Bell Laboratories]] and served as Lucent's Chief Technology Officer and Chief Network Architect. He received his undergraduate degree from [[IIT Bombay]], India, and an M.S. and a Ph.D. from [[Rice University]] in [[Houston, Texas]], all in electrical engineering. Several global universities, including the Ecole Polytechnique Federale in Lausanne, Switzerland, honored him with honorary doctorates.

Netravali worked at NASA from 1970 to 1972, solving technical problems for the space shuttle project.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arun Netravali to Address Supercomm |url=https://www.lightreading.com/cable-technology/arun-netravali-to-address-supercomm |website=www.lightreading.com |publisher=TechTarget, Inc |access-date=7 December 2025 |date=March 19, 2001}}</ref>

Netravali led Bell Labs research and development of high definition television (HDTV) and was widely acknowledged as a pioneer in the development of digital video technology. He was the author of over 170 technical papers, 70 patents, and three books in the areas of picture processing, digital television, and computer networks.

Netravali was a member of Tau Beta Pi and [[Sigma Xi]]. He is also an IEEE fellow. He has received awards including the [[Marconi Prize]], the [[Padma Bhushan]] Award from the Indian government, the [[National Medal of Technology and Innovation|National Medal of Technology]] from President George W. Bush, the Computers & Communications Prize, the Alexander Graham Bell Medal, the IEEE Kilby Medal, the IEEE Frederik Philips Award, and the National Association of Software and Services Companies in India Medal.

Prior to joining Bell Labs, Netravali was an [[adjunct professor]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. While at Bell Labs, he taught at City College of New York, Columbia University, and Rutgers University.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bell-labs.com/about/history-bell-labs/presidents/|title=Nokia Bell Labs: Presidents of Bell Labs|website=www.bell-labs.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref>

Netravali died on November 4, 2021, at the age of 76.<ref name="auto"/>

== Awards and honors ==
[[File:Assignment- TA 2002 8688 20) Technology Administration - NATIONAL MEDAL OF SCIENCE (40 CFD TA 2002 8688 20 Arun-N-Netravali.jpg - DPLA - 3822ee4146e9eba5321929a33b41fa56.jpg|thumb|right|Netravali (center) was presented the 2002 U.S. National Media of Technology by U.S. President George W. Bush (right)]]
Netravali has received numerous awards and honorary degrees, including
* the Marconi Prize from the [[Marconi Society]] in 2017
* the [[IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal]] in 2001 (together with [[Thomas S. Huang]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/kilby_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|2|27}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/kilby_recipients.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905043533/http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/bios/kilby_recipients.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 September 2012 |title=IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal Recipients - 2001 - Thomas S. Huang and Arun N. Netravali |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|2|27}}}}</ref>
* the [[IEEE Frederik Philips Award]] in 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/philips_rl.pdf |title=IEEE Frederik Philips Award Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|3|7}}}}</ref>
* the U.S. [[National Medal of Technology]]<ref>[http://www.bell-labs.com/news/features/arun.html Award details at Bell Labs website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926232423/http://www.bell-labs.com/news/features/arun.html |date=26 September 2011 }} in 2001 and [http://www.technology.gov/Medal/Recipients.htm Technology Administration agency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061946/http://www.technology.gov/medal/Recipients.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}</ref>
* the [[Padma Bhushan]] from the Government of India<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/phtgalry/pgyr2001/pg032001/pg22mar2001/22032001e.html Photo of award ceremony]</ref>
* the [[IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal]] in 1991 (together with [[C. Chapin Cutler]] and [[John O. Limb]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/bell_rl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619233055/http://ieee.org/documents/bell_rl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2010 |title=IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|1|2}}}}</ref>
* elected to member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 1989<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/Directory20412/27673.aspx |title=NAE Members Directory - Dr. Arun N. Netravali |publisher=[[National Academy of Engineering]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|3|7}}}}</ref>
* elected to [[IEEE Fellow]] in 1985<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/chronology/fellows_1985.html |title=Fellow Class of 1985 |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|3|7}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629021152/http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/fellows/chronology/fellows_1985.html |archive-date=2011-06-29 }}</ref>
* the [[IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award]] in 1982 (together with [[John O. Limb]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/documents/fink_rl.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124231931/http://ieee.org/documents/fink_rl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 November 2010 |title=IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award Recipients |publisher=[[IEEE]] |access-date={{Format date|2011|1|2}}}}</ref>

== Selected writing ==
* Arun N. Netravali and Barry G. Haskell, ''Digital Pictures: Representation, Compression and Standards (Applications of Communications Theory)'', Springer (second edition, 1995), {{ISBN|0-306-44917-X}}
* Don P. Mitchell and Arun N. Netravali, ''Reconstruction Filters in Computer Graphics'', Computer Graphics, Vol. 22, No. 4, August 1988. pp. 221-228. [https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g-fall2013/lectures/mitchell/Mitchell.pdf ]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060110223903/http://www.thetech.org/nmot/detail.cfm?ID=107& Laureate profile at The Spirit of American Innovation]

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|aw}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Baran]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal]]|years=1991 with [[C. Chapin Cutler]] and [[John O. Limb]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[James Massey]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Netravali, Arun}}
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Rice University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:National Medal of Technology recipients]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:American chief technology officers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:Bell Labs]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]

Lahanda, Bargarh

2025-11-25T06:31:26Z

NoeMacmillan574: adding first pg first draft

{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=September 2021}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lahanda
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Odisha#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Lahanda in [[Odisha]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.4503|N|83.8505|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Lohanda
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1972
| population_total = 6183
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| demographics1_title2 = Local
| demographics1_info2 = [[Sambalpuri language|Sambalpuri]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 768111
| registration_plate = OD-17
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Burla, India|Burla]], [[Sambalpur]], [[Bargarh]], [[Belpahar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Attabira(Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Attabira]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bargarh]]
| website ={{URL|http://www.lahandagp.odishapr.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lahanda''' is a village in [[Odisha]], India. It is located in the Attabira block of [[Bargarh district]].

== History of the village ==
There is a story behind the naming of the village Lahanda. According to the villagers the village is named so because in this village there has been huge production of iron handas earlier which led to such naming.

== Educational institutions ==
The village has one primary school known as Lahanda Primary School Established well back in the year 1901.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiafacts.com/school/odisha/bargarh/attabira/21010205205.html|title=Lahanda P.s. - School in Lahanda, Attabira|website=allindiafacts.com|access-date=28 February 2017|archive-date=1 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092513/http://allindiafacts.com/school/odisha/bargarh/attabira/21010205205.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The village has also a high-school with the name Lahanda Government High School established in the year 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allindiafacts.com/school/odisha/bargarh/attabira/21010205204.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062605/http://allindiafacts.com/school/odisha/bargarh/attabira/21010205204.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 February 2017|title=Lahanda High School - School in Lahanda, Attabira|website=allindiafacts.com}}</ref> The village has no college for which students rely upon [[Larambha College]] which is about 12 km away and [[Panchayat College Bargarh|Bargarh Panchayat College]] about 25 km away.

== Nearby places ==
Lahanda is boarded by [[Godbhaga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Godabhaga,+Odisha/@21.4170828,83.824496,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a21392ea37f4c9f:0x441dab6342cd8e77!8m2!3d21.4159983!4d83.8419989|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps}}</ref> at north as well as N.H-6 which run across the middle of the Godbhaga chowk at a distance of approximately 5 km from the center of the village hub, The mighty and famous earthen water reservoir and, the life line of Odisha The [[Hirakud Dam]] situated at a distance of nearly 3 km at South,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Silat,+Odisha/@21.4641114,83.770642,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a213bfc486b1f79:0x1c8b04664ffafe4c!8m2!3d21.4634937!4d83.8419989|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps}}</ref> at the west side of the village Silat the neighbouring village share the border with Lahanda,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Kalamati,+Odisha/@21.4144687,83.8150632,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a213e55368fe549:0xb8f4f4d7d64abbb8!8m2!3d21.41419!4d83.8898735|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps}}</ref> and at the eastern side there is a very beautiful and picturesque hill famously known as Chandali Dungri, to the other side of it the educational hub of western Odisha Burla sits on, Paharsrigida, [[Larambha]], [[Kadobahal]], Kumelsingh. Lahanda village contains many localities or sub villages like Nileipali, Jogipali, Badmal, etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://villageinfo.in/odisha/bargarh/attabira/lahanda.html|title=Lahanda Village in Attabira (Bargarh) Odisha - villageinfo.in|website=villageinfo.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Lahanda,+Odisha/@21.4395088,83.7880685,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3a213e9b6d88207f:0x511ebd233f3e664b!8m2!3d21.4401863!4d83.8547548|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps}}</ref>
[[File:Maa Samlei.jpg|thumb]]

== Religious and cultural organizations ==
There are varieties of sociology-cultural and religious organization in the village. There are three clubs, namely Radhamadhab club, Jayadurga club and Kissan Jubak Sangh. One Sanskrutika kala parisad, one seva samabaya samiti, one GP Office, one animal wealth centre, one cooperative society,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.foododisha.in/Society/PACSPrintRegistration.aspx?UID=JgoudCQTuls=|title=Society Registration Form|website=portal.foododisha.in}}</ref> One [[UCO Bank]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucobank.com/browser.htm?aspxerrorpath=/atm-branch-locator/locator.aspx|title=UCO Bank|website=www.ucobank.com|access-date=14 March 2019|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917080650/https://www.ucobank.com/browser.htm?aspxerrorpath=/atm-branch-locator/locator.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bankifsccode.com/UCO_BANK/ORISSA/BARGARH_/LAHANDA|title=UCO BANK, Lahanda Branch, Bargarh, Orissa, BankIFSCcode.com|website=bankifsccode.com}}</ref> 25 Swayansebak Gosthi (SHG), One R.I.office,<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://rtiodisha.in/Pages/printManual/section_id:2/office_id:1456 | title=Particulars of Organization, Functions & Duties | access-date=8 March 2017 | archive-date=17 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917032401/http://rtiodisha.in/Pages/printManual/section_id:2/office_id:1456 | url-status=dead}}</ref> 8 Anganwadi Centers<ref>http://documents.gov.in/OR/8400.pdf{{Dead link | date=September 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> are there for small kids and one post office<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postalcodeindia.com/lahanda-attabira-bo-pincode-768111-odisha/|title=Pin Code of Lahanda, Bargarh - Postal Code: 768111|website=www.postalcodeindia.com|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308221203/http://www.postalcodeindia.com/lahanda-attabira-bo-pincode-768111-odisha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the village. The villagers have also organized the farmers group to develop their farming technique and to discuss on farmers problems of their area. The problems are solved by village meetings through village [[panchayats]].

In the village there are four temples namely, [[Shri Shri Baba Vishwanath Temple]], [[Jagannath Temple, Lahanda|Jagannath Temple]], [[Samaleswari Temple, Lahanda|Samaleswari Temple]] and [[Hanuman]] Temple. The village entry point is marked by a Samaleswari temple, established in the year 1939. A Jagannath temple stands tall in the middle of the village, which was established in the year 1929. Also a [[Mahadeva temple]] graces the village, established in the year 1926. Besides, other temples like Naga temple and Hanuman Temple enriches the worship atmosphere in the village. There are also three [[Bhagawat Tungi]] and [[Kirtan Mandali]] in the village.

'''Kirtan Party:''' Kirtan party is one of the oldest institutions in the area. The committees are primarily religious/ cultural in function and they take up the Kirtan/ Astha prahari where important local religious celebration where in nonstop religious chanting takes place for a specific period of time. The party consists of individuals who are interested in participating and who are good at singing or playing musical instruments. The chief singer co-ordinates the overall activity.

'''Temple committee:''' Temple committee is primarily responsible for temples, and temple land management. It consists of priests and elderly members of the village. There is no fixed tenure and a member continues according to his will. The temple has separate fund i.e. Kotha panthi (community fund) for management of temple. The flows to this fund are through individual house hold contributions, income from temple lands and contribution made by people to the deity.

== Fairs and festivals ==
The festivals may be broadly divided in to two categories, domestic and public festivals. The domestic festivals are confined to the worship of family deities. Public festivals are usually attended by a large number of people. Some of the important puja/festivals are Kumarotsava (Dashahara purnnima),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allevents.in/bargarh/dasra-puni-dussehra-puja/1040406352743035|title=Dasra Puni (Dussehra Puja)|website=allevents.in|access-date=1 March 2017|archive-date=1 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180402/https://allevents.in/bargarh/dasra-puni-dussehra-puja/1040406352743035|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chaitra Purnima, Ratha Yatra, Bahuda Yatra, [[Ram Navami|Hanuman Jayanti]], [[Maha Shivaratri|Shivaratri, Bolbom, Holi, Dipawali.]] Besides in the month of April and May Chaubish Prahari Namayajna are observed by villagers with an elevated spirit and devotion.

'''Nuakhai:'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/nuakhai-harvest-onam-odisha-ganesh-chaturthi-india-festival-visarjan-lifest-339430-2016-09-06|title=Odisha is celebrating the festival of Nuakhai today, but do you know why?|website=intoday.in}}</ref> [[Nuakhai]] or ‘Nabarnna’ is the most important and popular festival of the area. Before the production of upland rice the people observe this festival in the bright fortnight of Bhadraba. They worship paddy in honour to their first production as agriculture is the main occupation of people. It is necessary to use flattened rice made of new paddy. On this day the village deity and goddess [[Laxmi]] are worshipped by offering Nua (mixture of new flattened rice, sugar and milk), then the Nua is distributed among all the family members in a special leaf called ‘Kurei Patar’. All of them accept Nabarnna having sat in a row in eastern direction. All members of family wear new clothes and enjoy the festival by taking cake and rice pudding.
{{Portal|India}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bargarh district}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lahanda}}
[[Category:Villages in Bargarh district]]

Rajesh John

2025-11-24T05:20:01Z

NoeMacmillan574: New basic bio initial version

{{short description|Indian professional bodybuilder}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox bodybuilder
| name = Rajesh John
| nickname =
| image = Rajesh John DP.jpg
| caption = Rajesh John at the [[Arnold Sports Festival]] 2025 in [[Ohio]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| height = {{convert|5|ft|4|in|cm|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|150|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
| firstproshow = '''Mr. Kerala'''
| firstproshowyear = 2009
| bestwin = '''Arnold Classic Pro Wheelchair'''
| bestwinyear = 2025
|active=2009 - Present}}

'''Rajesh John''' is an Indian bodybuilder and fitness trainer from Kerala, best known for his achievements in professional wheelchair bodybuilding. He was the first Indian to win the Arnold Classic Pro Wheelchair<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=3 March 2024 |title=Arnold Classic 2024: Rajesh John Emerges as First Indian to Win Pro Wheelchair 2024 |url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/bodybuilding-news-arnold-classic-twenty-twenty-four-rajesh-john-emerges-as-first-indian-to-win-pro-wheelchair-twenty-twenty-four/ |work=EssentiallySports}}</ref> at the [[Arnold Sports Festival]] in 2024 and successfully defended his title in 2025.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Patuto |first=Greg |date=2025-03-01 |title=2025 Arnold Classic Pro Wheelchair Results |url=https://generationiron.com/2025-pro-wheelchair-results-arnold-classic/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Generation Iron Fitness & Strength Sports Network |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2025, he won the 2nd runner-up title at the Mr. Olympia Pro Wheelchair competition held in Las Vegas.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=Mr. Olympia results 2025 |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/in/tsn/news/mr-olympia-results-2025-updated-list-winners-every-mens-womens-competition/e4cc2be520ce0c681bbf24d4}}</ref> The previous year, in 2024,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Patuto |first=Greg |date=2024-10-12 |title=2024 Olympia Pro Wheelchair Results |url=https://generationiron.com/2024-olympia-pro-wheelchair-results/ |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Generation Iron Fitness & Strength Sports Network |language=en-US}}</ref> he had secured 6th place in the same event, which forms a part of the [[Mr. Olympia]] competition. John also won the Mr. World title for the differently abled in 2016<ref>{{cite news |title=3 വയസ്സിൽ പനിയുടെ ഇഞ്ചക്ഷൻ കാൽ തളർത്തി, മുട്ടിലിഴഞ്ഞ ബാല്യം! പ്രതിസന്ധികളോടും വിധിയോടും പൊരുതി 'മിസ്റ്റർ വേൾഡ്' ആയ രാജേഷിന്റെ കഥ|url= https://www.vanitha.in/archive/justin/rajesh-john-body-builder-special-story.html|work=Vanitha |date=14 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= പരിമിതികളെ തോൽപ്പിച്ച പേശീബലം; രാജേഷിപ്പോൾ ലോകചാംപ്യൻ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/health/fitness/wff-world-champion-rajesh-jose.html |work=[[malayala Manorama]] |date=24 January 2017 }}</ref> and won the World Fitness Federation’s Mr. India title for the differently abled twice, in 2016 and 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Working out his route to success‌ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/aug/21/working-out-his-route-to-success-1860437.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=21 August 2018 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Rajesh was born to Ummarapallil M.D. John and Omana John in Thazhathuvadaku, [[Kollam district]] in the Indian State of Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |title=ശാരീരികവെല്ലുവിളികള്‍ തളര്‍ത്തുന്നില്ല; സൗന്ദര്യകിരീടം ചൂടി രാജേഷ്‌ |url= https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/article-1.1933412 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=13 May 2017 }}</ref> He completed his schooling from Holy Trinity School Thiruvananthapuram and Mar Thoma Dynoysius School Pathanapuram.<ref>{{cite news |title=3 വയസ്സിൽ പനിയുടെ ഇഞ്ചക്ഷൻ കാൽ തളർത്തി, മുട്ടിലിഴഞ്ഞ ബാല്യം! പ്രതിസന്ധികളോടും വിധിയോടും പൊരുതി 'മിസ്റ്റർ വേൾഡ്' ആയ രാജേഷിന്റെ കഥ|url= https://m.vanitha.in/justin/rajesh-john-body-builder-special-story.html |work=Vanitha |date=14 July 2021}}</ref> After attaining higher secondary education from IHRD T.H.S.S. [[Adoor]], he completed a diploma in electronics and computer networking from NSS College, Pathanamthitta. Rajesh works as a fitness trainer and he runs a gym at [[Enathu]] in [[Pathanamthitta district]], Kerala.<ref>{{cite news |title=ശരീരസൗന്ദര്യ മത്സരത്തില്‍ ലോകം കീഴടക്കി രാജേഷ് ജോണ്‍ |url= https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/kollam/malayalam-news/malayalam-news-1.1510469 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=17 November 2016 }}</ref>

==Career and achievements==
Rajesh was the runner-up in the 2009 Mr. Kerala competition. In the subsequent years of 2010, 2011, and 2012, he became the champion in this competition. He has won the Mr. India title (differently abled category) three times, in 2009 (IBBF, Ludhiana), 2011 (IBBF, Nashik), and 2013 IBBF, Khammam).<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=ലോകസൗന്ദര്യമത്സരത്തിന് ക്ഷണം; സുമനസ്സുകളുടെ സഹായംതേടി രാജേഷ്‌ |url= https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/kerala/pathanamthitta-1.1328917 |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=4 September 2016 }}</ref> He won the WFF Mr. World title for differently abled 2016 at [[Ireland]], WFF Eurasia Championship 2018 at [[Kyiv]].<ref>{{cite news |title= പനിക്ക് എടുത്ത ഇഞ്ചക്ഷനിൽ കാൽ തളർന്നു, പക്ഷെ മനസ് തളർന്നില്ല; പേശീബലം കൊണ്ട് മിസ്റ്റർ വേൾഡായ രാജേഷ് ജോൺ ‌ |url= https://malayalam.samayam.com/local-news/kollam/bodybuilder-rajesh-john-world-champion-special-interview/articleshow/101394788.cms?story=2|work=Samayam Malayalam |date= 3 July 2023 }}</ref> He also won the 2023 Sheru Classic India Pro Wheelchair, in Mumbai<ref name=":0" /> which helped him to attend and win the [[Arnold Classic]] Pro Wheelchair competition 2024<ref name=":1" /> during the Arnold Expo stage at the [[Greater Columbus Convention Center]] in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]. He was able to secure 6th place in the Mr. Olympia Pro Wheelchair 2024.<ref name=":4" /> He was the first Indian to win the Arnold Classic Pro Wheelchair<ref name=":1" /> at the [[Arnold Sports Festival]] in 2024 and successfully defended his title in 2025.<ref name=":2" /> In 2025, he won the 2nd runner-up title at the Mr. Olympia Pro Wheelchair competition held in Las Vegas.<ref name=":3" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Rajesh}}
[[Category:Indian male bodybuilders]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian disabled sportspeople]]
[[Category:Sportsmen with disabilities]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Nuapada Assembly constituency

2025-11-20T08:56:15Z

NoeMacmillan574: fixes

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Nuapada}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nuapada ନୂଆପଡ଼ା
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 71
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Southern Division
| district = [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| mla = '''[[Jay Dholakia]]'''
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 elections in India#Odisha | 2025]]
| electors = 2,43,514{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}
'''Nuapada''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Bidhana Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Nuapada district]], in [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=71|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318091133/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=71|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 March 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2020|work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Nuapada (71) District: Nuapada|accessdate= 17 March 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes [[Khariar Road]], Nuapada block and Komna block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp94.htm|title= 94 - Nawapara Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 18 March 2014}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2025(bypoll)|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|58.27}}
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|33.65}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|39.75}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|36.46}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|41.62}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|36.86}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|57.34}}
{{bar percent|1997 (bypoll)|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|38.51}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|46.49}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|64.83}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Janata Party}}|49.65}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|48.35}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|59.08}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 19 elections were held till date including two bypolls in 1997 & 2025. It was a 2 member constituency for 1952 & 1957.

List of members elected from Nuapada constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Nuapada Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/nuapada.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 18 March 2014}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Anupa Singh Deo
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|Chaitan Majhi
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Anupa Singh Deo
|-
|Ghasiram Majhi
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Ghasiram Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Onkar Singh
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Ghasiram Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Jagannath Patnaik
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Ghasiram Majhi
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Bhanu Prakash Joshi
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3" | Ghasiram Majhi
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|1997 (bypoll){{efn|Death of Ghasiram Majhi}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes AC Bye Election: Nawapara 1997 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/485 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|Jagannath Patnaik
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|[[Basanta Kumar Panda]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|{{full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
|{{full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|[[Basanta Kumar Panda]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nuapada Assembly Election Results 2024: Nuapada Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/nuapada-constituency-result-18071 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[2025 elections in India#Odisha|2025^]]{{efn|Death of [[Rajendra Dholakia]]}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Jay Dholakia]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}
^By-election
== Election results ==

===2025 by-election===
Elected [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]] MLA Shri [[Rajendra Dholakia]] died on September 2025. This was the first bypoll after [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] led by [[Mohan Charan Majhi|Mohan Majhi]] came in to power in 2024, thus reflecting its crucial nature.

Election was announced on 6th October 2025. Voting was held on 11th November 2025. Counting of votes was on 14th November 2025. BJP candidate [[Jay Dholakia]] won the election by a huge margin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |last2=ThePrint |date=2025-10-06 |title=Odisha: Nuapada bypoll to be held on November 11 |url=https://theprint.in/india/odisha-nuapada-bypoll-to-be-held-on-november-11/2758508/ |access-date=2025-10-06 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="2025 Nuapada Assembly constituency By Poll Result">{{cite news |date=14 November 2025 |title=2025 Nuapada Assembly constituency By Poll Result |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeNov2025/candidateswise-S1871.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115120900/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeNov2025/candidateswise-S1871.htm |archivedate=15 November 2025 |accessdate=15 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 elections in India#Odisha|Odisha Legislative Assembly by-election, 2025]]: Nuapada}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Jay Dholakia]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 123869
|percentage = 58.27
|change = {{increase}}33.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ghasi Ram Majhi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 40,121
|percentage = 18.87
|change = {{up}}10.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Snehangini Chhuria]]
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|votes = 38,408
|percentage = 18.07
|change = {{down}}15.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,248
|percentage = 1.06
|change = {{down}}0.19
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 83,748
|percentage = 39.40
|change = {{up}}33.48
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,12,667
|percentage = 83.49
|change = {{increase}}}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = BJP
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 13th May 2024 in 1st phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 4th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rajendra Dholakia]] defeated [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate Ghasi Ram Majhi by a margin of 10,881 votes.<ref name=":0" />{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nuapada}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|votes = 61,822
|percentage = 33.65
|change = {{down}}6.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ghasi Ram Majhi
|votes = 50,941
|percentage = 27.73
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Abhinandan Panda
|votes = 44,814
|percentage = 24.39
|change = {{up}}6.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Sarat Pattanayak]]
|votes = 15,501
|percentage = 8.44
|change = {{down}}19.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,291
|percentage = 1.25
|change = {{up}}0.35
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,881
|percentage = 5.92
|change = {{down}}6.39
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,83,703
|percentage = 75.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rajendra Dholakia]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Ghasiram Majhi by a margin of 20,330 votes.<ref name="election2019" />{{Election box begin | title= [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nuapada<ref name="FP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-I) ( AC / PC ) |url=http://ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase%201/Form%207%20A%20to%20English%28Phase-I%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=14 April 2019}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|votes = 65,647
|percentage = 39.75
|change = {{increase}}9.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ghasi Ram Majhi
|votes = 45,317
|percentage = 27.44
|change = {{increase}}1.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Home Singh Majhi
|votes = 29,490
|percentage = 17.86
|change = {{decrease}}18.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,489
|percentage = 0.9
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 20,330
|percentage = 12.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,65.141
|percentage = 73.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Basanta Kumar Panda]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rajendra Dholakia]] by a margin of 9,610 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=2 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nuapada<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Nuapada|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1871.htm?ac=71|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Nuapada (71)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=71|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052039/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=71|url-status=usurped|archive-date=5 June 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=2 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Basanta Kumar Panda]]
|votes = 55,817
|percentage = 36.46
|change = {{increase}}11.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|votes = 46,207
|percentage = 30.18
|change = {{decrease}}11.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ghasi Ram Majhi
|votes = 39,654
|percentage = 25.90
|change = {{increase}}9.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,426
|percentage = 1.58
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,610
|percentage = 6.27
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,53,095
|percentage = 74.4
|change = 5.15
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,05,761
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Rajendra Dholakia]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Basanta Kumar Panda]] by a margin of 22,620 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=22620 |accessdate=17 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Nuapada<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Rajendra Dholakia]]
|votes = 56,874
|percentage = 41.62
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Basanta Kumar Panda]]
|votes = 34,254
|percentage = 25.07
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Saroj Kumar Sahu
|votes = 22,450
|percentage = 16.43
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 22,620
|percentage = 16.55{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,36,656
|percentage = 69.25
|change = {{down}}2.24{{efn|2004 Voter turnout was 71.49%}}
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Independent (politician)
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nuapada district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coords|20.81|82.53|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Nuapada district]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

Lohachara Island

2025-10-09T00:53:07Z

NoeMacmillan574: minor edit

{{Short description|Islet in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox islands
| map = India West Bengal#India
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Sundarbans]]
| country = India
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[West Bengal]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Districts of West Bengal|District]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| population = none
}}

[[File:Lohachara.jpg|thumb|1954 map showing Lohachara Char (Hindi for Island) in Hoogly River]]
'''Lohachara Island''' was an islet in the [[Hooghly River]]'s [[Sundarbans|Sundarban delta]] that eroded away.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Leaving Lohāchāra: On circuits of emplacement and displacement in the Ganges Delta | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273525688 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217193220/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273525688_Leaving_Lohachara_On_circuits_of_emplacement_and_displacement_in_the_Ganges_Delta | access-date=2025-09-30 | archive-date=2025-02-17}}</ref> It was part of the [[Sundarban National Park]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The disappearance of the island was reported by Indian researchers in December 2006,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061228004107/http://news.independent.co.uk/environment/article2099971.ece Disappearing world: Global warming claims tropical island], The Independent, 24 December 2006.</ref> which led to international press coverage. No specific study was ever done to prove that the island was permanently inundated (and not eroded away) because of sea level rise.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-03/kolkata/28047165_1_nayachar-global-warming-kolkata-and-haldia-docks | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024020214/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-03/kolkata/28047165_1_nayachar-global-warming-kolkata-and-haldia-docks | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-10-24 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Vanishing islands: Blame on KoPT}}</ref> In April 2009 local newspapers announced that Lochara Island had risen from the water again.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-03/kolkata/28010962_1_island-ghoramara-lohachara-and-bedford | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811054259/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-03/kolkata/28010962_1_island-ghoramara-lohachara-and-bedford | url-status=dead | archive-date=2011-08-11 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Lohachara rises from waters again}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The islet is one of a number of "vanishing islands" in the delta: in the past two decades, four islands – Bedford (or [[Suparibhanga]]), Lohachara, [[South Talpatti Island]] (disputed island between [[Bangladesh]] and [[India]]), and [[Kabasgadi]] – have been permanently flooded. Of them, only Lohachara was an inhabited island where more than 6,000 people used to live. The loss of land has displaced thousands of people who were forced to move to the mainland.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100324/ap_on_sc/as_india_disappearing_island |title=Disputed isle in Bay of Bengal disappears into sea - Yahoo! News |website=news.yahoo.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326090451/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100324/ap_on_sc/as_india_disappearing_island |archive-date=2010-03-26}} </ref>

There are multiple causes<ref>[http://in.news.yahoo.com/061030/48/68wfx.html The Indian Express – By 2020, 12 more Sunderban islands set to go under water] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202011114/http://in.news.yahoo.com/061030/48/68wfx.html |date=2007-02-02 }} 30 October 2006</ref> of the disappearances of islands in the delta, including [[sea level rise]], [[coastal erosion]], [[cyclone]]s (while the number of cyclones has decreased, their intensity has increased),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930044332/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061030/asp/knowhow/story_6929967.asp The Telegraph, Calcutta – Vanishing islands Displaced Climate casualties Underlying truth] 30 October 2006</ref> [[mangrove]] destruction and [[coastal flooding]].

In 1974 the [[Farakka Barrage]] began diverting water into the Hoogly River during its dry season. During each monsoon season almost all the Bengali delta is submerged, much of it for half a year.<ref>Rivers of Life: Living with Floods in Bangladesh. M. Q. Zaman. Asian Survey, Vol. 33, No. 10 (Oct., 1993), pp. 985-996</ref> The sediment of the lower delta plain is primarily advected inland by monsoonal coastal setup and cyclonic events.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs003670100069 | doi=10.1007/s003670100069 | title=Modern sediment supply to the lower delta plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh | year=2001 | last1=M. | first1=Allison | last2=E. | first2=Kepple | journal=Geo-Marine Letters | volume=21 | issue=2 | pages=66–74 | bibcode=2001GML....21...66M | s2cid=140636544 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> One of the greatest challenges people living on the Ganges Delta may face in coming years is the threat of rising sea waters caused by [[subsidence]] (sinking) in the region. Residents have to be careful building on the river delta, as severe flooding sometimes occurs. 

A 1990 study noted "There is no evidence that [[environmental degradation]] in the Himalayas or a 'greenhouse'-induced rise in sea level have aggravated floods in Bangladesh."<ref>Floods in Bangladesh: II. Flood Mitigation and Environmental Aspects. H. Brammer. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 156, No. 2 (Jul., 1990), pp. 158-165. {{doi|10.2307/635323}}</ref> The Bengal Basin is slowly tilting towards the east due to neo-tectonic movement. As a result, the salinity of Bangladesh [[Sunderbans]] is much lower than that of the Indian Sunderbans.<ref>[http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/mar252003/757.pdf Environmental classification of mangrove wetlands of India]. V. Selvam. Current Science, Vol. 84, No. 6, 25 March 2003.</ref>

Overall population of the Sundarbans has risen 200% to nearly 4.3 million.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3102948.stm BBC - Fears rise for sinking Sundarbans] 15 September 2003</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Islands}}
* [[South Talpatti Island]]
* [[Ganges Delta]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

{{coord|21.90|N|88.11|E|type:isle_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Former islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of the Hooghly River]]
[[Category:Islands of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Geography of South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Sundarbans]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]
[[Category:Populated places in India]]
[[Category:Islands of the Bay of Bengal]]

Sugrivajne (Sugriva pledge)

2025-10-03T22:44:39Z

NoeMacmillan574: added a entry nd citations.

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=July 2023}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2025}}
}}

'''Sugrivajne ([[Sugriva]] pledge)''' ([[kannada]]:ಸುಗ್ರೀವಾಜ್ಞೆ) is a popular pledge that appeared in Hindu epic [[Ramayana]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Rao |first=A. N. Murthy |date=2019 |title=ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸತ್ಯ |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81/qHaaDwAAQBAJ |publisher=D.V.K. Murthy Prakashana |isbn=9789388250405 |access-date=October 3, 2025}}</ref> Since then, the word "Sugrivajne" has often been popular in [[Indian politics]] to pass a [[Lawmaking procedure in India#Difference between a Bill and an Act|Bill or Act]] that must be passed or obeyed in a timely fashion or otherwise.

'''Sugrivajne '''is from the [[Yuddha Kanda|Yuddha Kāṇḍa]] of the Ramayana the Hindu epic. Lord [[Rama]] at this time on a quest to rescue his wife [[Sita]] from the demon [[Ravana]] the king of the [[Rakshasas]] meets [[Hanuma]]. [[Hanuman]] introduces Lord [[Rama]] to his exiled King [[Sugriva]], at Mount Rishyamukah. [[Vali (Ramayana)|Vali]] the king of [[Kishkindha]] after defeating his brother Sugriva keeps Sugriva's wife. Sugriva shows Rama the items that Sita had dropped whilst she traveled overhead in the clutches of Ravana. Rama makes a suggestion to kill Vali and reinstate Sugriva as King if Sugriva, in turn, pledges to help Rama with his quest. Sugriva accepts and goes to challenge Vali. An evenly matched combat ensues between the brothers, and Hanuman helps Rama to kill Vali.

Sugriva claims the kingdom, and takes back his wife [[Rumā]], and makes Vali's widow Tara Empress. Sugriva forgets his earlier promise to help Rama but Hanuman and Tara reminds him the pledge made to Rama. Sugriva takes his army to free Sita from Ravana. In the battle, Sugriva challenges and fights with the [[Rakshasa]] [[Kumbhakarna]], a brother of Ravana, and no doubt Kumbakarna would have killed Surgriva but the timely intervention of Rama's brother [[Lakshmana]] saves Sugriva.

Thus Sugriva fulfills his pledge.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Deepak Chopra|Chopra, Deepak]], The Seven Spiritual laws of Success: New Delhi, 2000.
* [[Sugriva]] wiki article

[[Category:Ramayana]]

Poiboi

2025-08-29T01:47:06Z

NoeMacmillan574: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Pâwibâwia]]

Paul A. Kattuman

2025-08-19T13:10:31Z

NoeMacmillan574: New first stub needs work

{{Short description|Professor of Economics}}
{{notability|1=Academics|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Paul Kattuman
| alma_mater = [[Calicut University]],
[[Cambridge University]] & [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] (MPhil, [[PhD]])
| discipline = [[Economist]]
| sub_discipline = [[Econometrics]]
| workplaces = [[Cambridge University]]
| nationality =
| doctoral_advisor = Prof [[David Newbery]]
| occupation = Academic
| education = Professor
| birth_place = [[Kerala]], [[India]]
}}
'''Paul A. Kattuman''' is a Professor of Economics at [[Cambridge Judge Business School]], [[University of Cambridge]] and Director of Studies in Management and Fellow at [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge|Corpus Christi College]], Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Paul Kattuman {{!}} Corpus Christi College University of Cambridge |url=https://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/people/professor-paul-kattuman#:~:text=BA%20MA%20(Calicut)%20MPhil%20PhD,PhD%20in%20Economics%20at%20Cambridge. |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.corpus.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Kattuman |url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/people/paul-kattuman/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Cambridge Judge Business School |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Education ==
Kattuman completed his schooling at [[Sainik Schools|Sainik School]] in Kerala, India, and earned his BA and MA in Economics from the [[University of Calicut]]. He started his career as an economist in the Indian Economic Service, working briefly at the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paul Kattuman |url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/people/paul-kattuman/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Cambridge Judge Business School |language=en-GB}}</ref> He obtained his M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics from the [[University of Cambridge]] (Trinity College and the [[Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge|Faculty of Economics]]), specializing in the theory and empirics of firm growth under the supervision of Professor [[David Newbery]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
He began his academic career as a lecturer in the Department of Economics at [[Durham University]], before returning to Cambridge as a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Applied Economics, and a Fellow of [[Corpus Christi College, Cambridge|Corpus Christi College]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Paul Kattuman - Networks of evidence and expertise for public policy |url=https://www.csap.cam.ac.uk/network/paul-kattuman/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.csap.cam.ac.uk}}</ref>

Through his career Kattuman has held several visiting positions, including at [[Harvard University]] [[Harvard Kennedy School|Kennedy School of Government]], Harvard Department of Statistics, and the Harvard Data Science Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Paul Kattuman {{!}} Corpus Christi College University of Cambridge |url=https://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/people/professor-paul-kattuman |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=www.corpus.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> He has also served as a visiting professor at [[Paris-East Créteil University|Université Paris-Est Créteil]] and [[Complutense University of Madrid|Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Kattuman held advisory roles, providing forecasts and analysis every week to [[Public Health England]], the [[National Health Service|NHS]] in the [[East of England]], and the governments of [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[Punjab|Punjab in India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current wave could bring about end of pandemic: Prof Paul Kattuman, Cambridge |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2022/01/15/current-wave-could-bring-about-end-of-pandemic-prof-paul-kattuman-cambridge.html |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-01 |title=No reason to believe any state will escape Omicron wave: Cambridge professor who worked on India Covid-19 tracker |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/omicron-interview-cambridge-professor-covid-india-third-wave-7700921/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Kattuman |url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/people/paul-kattuman/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Cambridge Judge Business School |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Selected publications ==
Kattuman’s research has been published in a range of academic journals, including interdisciplinary journals such as ''Harvard Data Science Review and the Journal of the Royal Society Interface'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=Andrew |last2=Kattuman |first2=Paul |date=2020-05-14 |title=Time Series Models Based on Growth Curves With Applications to Forecasting Coronavirus |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/f46ff66f-8a9a-457e-a2d0-4a3eba9f132d/download |journal=Harvard Data Science Review |language=en |issue=Special Issue 1 |doi=10.1162/99608f92.828f40de |issn=2644-2353|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-29 |title=Study suggests R rate for tracking pandemic should be dropped in favour of ‘nowcasts’ {{!}} University of Cambridge |url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/study-suggests-r-rate-for-tracking-pandemic-should-be-dropped-in-favour-of-nowcasts |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=www.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> recently. A contribution, developed in collaboration with Andrew Harvey, is the Harvey-Kattuman model for epidemic forecasting.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vysniauskiene |first=Lina |date=2023-01-16 |title=Impactful research honoured by FT - News & insight |url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2023/impactful-research-honoured-by-ft/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=Cambridge Judge Business School |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=Andrew |last2=Kattuman |first2=Paul |date=2020-05-14 |title=Time Series Models Based on Growth Curves With Applications to Forecasting Coronavirus |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/f46ff66f-8a9a-457e-a2d0-4a3eba9f132d/download |journal=Harvard Data Science Review |language=en |issue=Special Issue 1 |doi=10.1162/99608f92.828f40de |issn=2644-2353|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staton |first=Bethan |date=2023-01-16 |title=Academic research award: tipping point for action |url=https://www.ft.com/content/679f19bd-92eb-475c-9eb2-7dbc9b82846e |access-date=2025-07-01 |work=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Is India prepared for Omicron? |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/01/08/is-india-prepared-for-omicron |access-date=2025-07-01 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Current wave could bring about end of pandemic: Prof Paul Kattuman, Cambridge |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2022/01/15/current-wave-could-bring-about-end-of-pandemic-prof-paul-kattuman-cambridge.html |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-02 |title=No reason to believe any state will escape Omicron wave: Cambridge professor who worked on India Covid-19 tracker |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/omicron-interview-cambridge-professor-covid-india-third-wave-7700921/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kattuman, Paul A.}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Kerala academics]]
[[Category:University of Calicut alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academics of Durham University]]
[[Category:Indian economists]]
[[Category:Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge]]

Naina Sharma

2025-07-22T13:10:23Z

NoeMacmillan574: new - done

{{Short description|Indian sociologist}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=May 2016}}
{{orphan|date=May 2016}}
{{Notability|1=Academics|date=July 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}

'''Naina Sharma''' is an Indian [[Sociology|sociologist]] and Professor in the Department of Sociology, [[University of Rajasthan|Rajasthan University]].

== References ==
*http://www.andhrabank.in/english/profile_nsharma.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013061228/http://www.andhrabank.in/English/profile_nsharma.html |date=13 October 2016 }}

== External links ==
*http://www.uniraj.ac.in/
*http://www.unitedbankofindia.com/english/home.aspx {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217060041/https://www.unitedbankofindia.com/English/Home.aspx |date=17 December 2019 }} http://www.unitedbankofindia.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201010306/http://unitedbankofindia.com/ |date=1 December 2010 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Naina}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian sociologists]]
[[Category:University of Rajasthan alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Indian women sociologists]]
[[Category:Educators from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Women educators from Rajasthan]]

{{India-sociologist-stub}}

Byomkesh (web series)

2025-06-20T06:49:27Z

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#REDIRECT [[Byomkesh (2017 TV series)]]

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Ravindra Choubey

2025-03-21T22:17:33Z

NoeMacmillan574: New new pg v1

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| office = Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
| term = 25 December 2018 - 3 December 2023
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| predecessor = [[Ajay Chandrakar]]
| successor = [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
| office1 = Minister of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Ayacut [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
| term1 = 25 December 2018 - 3 December 2023
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| predecessor1 = [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
| successor1 = [[Ramvichar Netam]]
| office2 = Minister of Rural Development [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
| term2 = 21 July 2022 - 3 December 2023
| 1blankname2 = [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| predecessor2 = [[T. S. Singh Deo]]
| successor2 = [[Vijay Sharma (politician)|Vijay Sharma]]
| office3 = Minister of Water Resources [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]
| term3 = 25 December 2018 - 3 December 2023
| 1blankname3 = [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata3 = [[Bhupesh Baghel]]
| predecessor3 = [[Brijmohan Agrawal]]
|successor3 = [[Kedar Nath Kashyap]]
| office4 = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 5 January 2009
| term_end4 = 11 December 2013
| 1blankname4 = [[Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata4 = [[Raman Singh]]
| predecessor4 = [[Mahendra Karma]]
| successor4 = [[T. S. Singh Deo]]
| office10 = Member of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start10 = 11 December 2018
| term_end10 = 3 December 2023
| predecessor10 = Labhchand Bafna
| successor10 = [[Ishwar Sahu]]
| constituency10 = [[Saja Assembly constituency|Saja]]
| term_start11 = 2003
| term_end11 = 2013
| predecessor11 = ''constituency created''
| successor11 = Labhchand Bafna
| constituency11 = [[Saja Assembly constituency|Saja]]
| office12 = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start12 = 1985
| term_end12 = 2003
| predecessor12 = Kumari Devi Chaubey
| successor12 =
| constituency12 = [[Saja Assembly constituency|Saja]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1957|5|28}}
| birth_place =
| party = [[File:INC Logo.png|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| education = [[B.Sc]], [[LL.B]]
| source = https://cgvidhansabha.gov.in/hindi_new/bio/pminister_current.htm
}}
'''Ravindra Choubey''' (born 28 May 1957) is an [[India]]n politician and a member of [[Indian National Congress]]. He is former Minister of Agriculture and Parliamentary Affairs in [[Government of Chhattisgarh]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-22|title= Ravindra Chaubey Profile: जानें- कौन हैं रविंद्र चौबे, जिन्हें सीएम बघेल ने दिया पंचायत एवं ग्रामीण विकास विभाग का प्रभार |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/chhattisgarh/ravindra-chaubey-who-is-ravindra-chaubey-taken-charge-of-panchayat-rural-development-department-ministry-chhattisgarh-2173257/amp |access-date=2024-07-27|website=abplive|language= hi}}</ref> and was [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]] from 2009 to 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh: Ravindra Choubey Gets Singh Deo's Panchayat and Rural Development Ministry |url=https://thewire.in/government/chhattisgarh-ravindra-choubey-gets-singh-deos-panchayat-and-rural-development-ministry |access-date= |website=The Wire}}</ref> He also served as Cabinet Minister under [[Digvijaya Singh]] and [[Ajit Jogi]].

==Political career==
He is former member of legislative assembly of Chhattisgarh from [[Saja Assembly constituency|Saja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-11|title=Live: पूर्व नेता प्रतिपक्ष रविन्द्र चौबे ने लहराया जीत का परचम, लाभचंद बाफना को हराया। |url=https://www.patrika.com/raipur-news/result-live-congress-candidate-ravindra-choubey-wins-from-saja-seat-3828802?amp=1 |access-date=2024-07-27|website=Patrika News|language= hi}}</ref> He lost election in [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]] against BJP's [[Ishwar Sahu]].

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choubey, Ravindra}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:People from Bemetara district]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2003–2008]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1993–1998]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1990–1992]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1985–1990]]

Chinchavali Tarf Rahur

2025-03-06T23:03:24Z

NoeMacmillan574: Adding Bio...

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vandre village
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.3536547|N|73.2072342|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 15
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 186
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552611
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chinchavali Tarf Rahur''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Khadavli railway station|Khadavli]] is the nearest railway station.

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Chinchavali Tarf Rahur has 33 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 69.57%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 186 || 98 || 88
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 25 || 12 || 13
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 66 || 36 || 30
|-
| Literates || 112 || 62 || 50
|-
| Workers (all) || 86 || 45 || 41
|-
| Main workers (total) || 59 || 31 || 28
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 43 || 18 || 25
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 14 || 12 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 27 || 14 || 13
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 3 || 1 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 24 || 13 || 11
|-
| Non-workers || 100 || 53 || 47
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

M. S. Sivasami

2024-06-28T01:21:01Z

NoeMacmillan574: updated information to improve readability and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''M. S. Sivamani''' was an Indian politician and former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate from [[Tuticorin (State Assembly Constituency)|Tuticorin constituency]] in the [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967 election]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf 1967 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivasami, M. S.}}
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1967–1971]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}

Dilli Door Hai

2023-12-27T12:40:30Z

NoeMacmillan574: added info

#REDIRECT [[Dilli Abhi Door Hai]]

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Satyen Bhattacharjee

2023-09-13T10:22:01Z

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#REDIRECT [[List of Bengal cricketers]]

Meenakshi Gardens, Coimbatore

2023-09-01T08:05:28Z

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#REDIRECT [[Vellakinar]]