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Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir

2026-05-06T06:02:46Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Update|part=History|reason=The building has been renovated for the second time.|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Padmashree Haldhar Nag Sadhana Kutir and Sangrahalaya
| image = Haldhar Nag Kutir 04.png
| image_size =
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| pushpin_map = India Odisha
| pushpin_map_alt =
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| former_names = Haldhar Sadhana Kutir, Ghess
| alternate_names = Haldhar Nag Kutir Haldhar Kutir
| etymology =
| status =
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| topped_out =
| building_type = [[House]]
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| location_city = [[Ghess]], [[Bargarh district]], [[Odisha]]
| location_country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|21.1896949|83.2843545|display=inline,title}}
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| renovation_date = September 25, 2020<ref name="odishatazanews" />
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| owner = [[Haldhar Nag]]
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}}
'''Padmashree Haldhar Nag Sadhana Kutir and Sangrahalaya'''{{NoteTag|"Padmashree" is the [[Padma Shri]] awarded to Haldhar Nag, is not a part of his name.}} or '''Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir''', formerly known as '''Haldhar Sadhana Kutir, Ghess''',<ref>{{cite AV media |people= |date= |year=2015 |title=Photo of Haldhar Nag standing at the door of Haldhar Kutir (before renovation) |trans-title= |medium= |language= |url=https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Xm8cp-GzXFY/Vd29Ku4iSDI/AAAAAAAAC60/BSrlVMadohk/s1600/DSCN1235.JPG |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |format= |time= |location= |publisher=E.Kiran Mohan |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> is the residence of the Indian "The Vest Poet" [[Haldhar Nag]], located in [[Ghess]] village, [[Bargarh district]], [[Odisha]], India.

Haldhar Nag Kutir is a single-storey building. It mainly displays all the awards Haldhar Nag has won, as well as portraits given to him by readers.

== History ==
[[File:Haldhar Sadhana Kutir, Ghess.svg|thumb|left|The appearance of Haldhar Nag Kutir before renovation.]]
[[File:Renovation record of Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir.png|thumb|Record of the renovation of Haldhar Nag Kutir]]
The construction date of Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir is unknown. It was originally a kiosk built by Nag in his early years to sell [[stationery]] and [[snack]]s to nearby students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=हलधर नाग के लोक साहित्य पर विमर्श |url=https://www.dineshkumarmali.in/BlogView.aspx?Blog=1tlOUNurxHTQ8Po |website=Dinesh Kumar Mali |date=2022-03-25 |language=hi |quote= With the help of a well wisher Nag managed to build a kiosk in front of the school to sell stationaries and eatables... That cabin has now been renovated and serves as a memento for his admirers and scholars, who frequent the place for their research work these days.}}</ref>

Before the renovation, Haldhar Nag Kutir was dilapidated and dimly lit; the roof is made of iron sheets,<ref name="VirtualBharat">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3wVXf4ohwA |title=Gulzar Presents: Haldhar Nag {{!}} Virtual Bharat {{!}} Short Film {{!}} Documentary |author=Virtual Bharat |date=2019-09-23 |language=en }}</ref> and the walls were paved with discarded [[Coca-Cola|Coke]] cans,<ref>{{cite AV media |people= |date= |year=2015 |title=Photo of writer E.Kiran Mohan in a candid conversation with poet Haldhar Nag |trans-title= |medium= |language= |url=https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VawLVWButY8/Vd3CHwgVfHI/AAAAAAAAC7E/z3LKW3wCuvU/s1600/DSCN1239.JPG |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |format= |time= |location= |publisher=E.Kiran Mohan |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> and there are no [[toilet]] and other facilities. Haldhar Nag's [[manuscript]]s and [[poetry collection]]s had no [[cupboard]]s to store them, so they were piled in [[cardboard boxes]] and [[gunny sack]]s and placed under the bed, causing them to be damp due to improper preservation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ଡାକ୍ତର ଦମ୍ପତି ନିର୍ମାଣ କଲେ ହଳଧର ସଂଗ୍ରହାଳୟ ସାଧନା କୂଟୀର |url=https://odishasambad.in/haladhar-sangrahalaya-sadhana-kutira-built-in-baragarh-by-doctor-couple/ |website=Odisha Sambad |date=2020-09-26 |author=ଓଡ଼ିଶା ସମ୍ବାଦ ବ୍ୟୁରୋ}}</ref>

In 2019, Susmita Dash and Rajesh Tripathy, a doctor couple from [[Bargarh]], decided to renovate Haldhar Nag Kutir, and turn it into a gallery with Haldhar Nag's approval. The renovated Haldhar Nag Kutir displays all his [[award]]s and [[memorabilia]].<ref>{{cite news |author=newindianexpress |last= |first= |date=2020-09-26 |title=Kosli poet Haldhar Nag’s renovated house inaugurated |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/Sep/26/kosli-poet-haldhar-nags-renovated-house-inaugurated-2202122.html |newspaper= |location= |accessdate=2024-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people= |date=2020-09-26 |year= |title=ଲୋକ କବି ହଳଧର ନାଗଙ୍କୁ ମିଳିଲାନି ସରକାରୀ ସହାୟତା: ସାଧନା କୁଟୀର ତିଆରି କଲେ ଡାକ୍ତର ଦମ୍ପତି |trans-title= |medium= |language=or |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTFz7hhFTss&ab_channel=News18Odia |access-date= |archive-url= |archive-date= |format= |time= |location= |publisher=News18 Odia |id= |isbn= |oclc= |quote= |ref= }}</ref> On September 25 of the following year, the renovation of the Haldhar Nag Kutir was completed and it was inaugurated by politicians [[Susanta Singh]] and [[Debesh Acharya]], as the chief guests.<ref name="odishatazanews">{{cite news |author=Abhimanyu Maharana |last= |first= |date=2020-09-25 |title=ପଦ୍ମଶ୍ରୀ ହଳଧର ନାଗ ସାଧନା କୁଟୀର ଓ ସଂଗ୍ରାହଳୟ ଉଦଘାଟିତ – ବରଗଡ଼ |url=https://odishatazanews.com/?p=20023 |website=odishatazanews |location= |accessdate=2024-05-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Nitidin |last= |first= |date=2020-09-25 |title=ପଦ୍ମଶ୍ରୀ ହଲଧର ନାଗଙ୍କ ସାଧନା କୁଟୀର ଓ ସଂଗ୍ରହାଳୟ ଉଦଘାଟିତ |url=https://www.nitidin.com/padmashree-haldhar-nag-sermon-and-musium-inaugurate/ |website=Nitidin |location= |accessdate= }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Padmashree Haldhar Nag Sadhana Kutir and Sangrahalaya.svg|Appearance of Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir
958s MANAR KATHA WITH PADMASHREE HALADHAR NAG ମନର କଥା ପଦ୍ମଶ୍ରୀ ହଲଧର ନାଗ ସମ୍ବଲପୁରୀ ଭାଷା ଓ ସାହିତ୍ୟ.png|In a corner of the interior (taken in September 2025), various awards are displayed.
Padmashree_Haldhar_Nag_in_his_kutir,_2022.jpg|Haldhar Nag in 2022, with the interior of Haldhar Kutir in the background.
Floor plan of Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir (2020–2025).svg|[[Floor plan]] of Padmashree Haldhar Nag Kavi Kutir (2020–2025)
</gallery>

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{YouTube|ujnN66ZPMvo|title=Overall view of Haldhar Nag Kutir}}
* {{YouTube|2OiL2KpfWZo|title=Haldhar Nag sells raaga chana in Haldhar Kutir before renovation}}
* {{YouTube|0OkPp7Ukuow|title=Interview documentary of Haldhar Nag}} (Includes footage of Haldhar Nag Kutir before the renovation)

[[Category:Houses in India]]
[[Category:Haldhar Nag]]
[[Category:Bargarh district]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Odisha]]
[[Category:Halls of fame in India]]
[[Category:Museums in Odisha]]

Mad Square

2026-04-30T11:15:10Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{short description|Indian comedy drama film}}
{{Long plot|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mad Square
| image = Mad Square.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Kalyan Shankar
| writer = Kalyan Shankar
| producer = Naga Vamsi
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Narne Nithiin
* [[Sangeeth Sobhan]]
* Ram Nitin
* [[Priyanka Jawalkar]]
* Vishnu Oi
}}
| cinematography = [[Shamdat]]
| editing = [[Naveen Nooli]]
| music = '''Score''' [[Thaman S]] '''Songs''' [[Bheems Ceciroleo]]
| studio = Sithara Entertainments Fortune Four Cinemas Srikara Studios
| released = {{film date|2025|3|28|df=yes}}
| runtime = 127 minutes{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = {{INR|66 crore}}{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
}}
'''''Mad Square''''' (stylized as '''''(MAD)²''''') is a 2025 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy]] film written and directed by Kalyan Shankar and produced by Naga Vamsi. A sequel to the 2023 film ''[[Mad (film)|Mad]]'', the film has an [[ensemble cast]] of Narne Nithiin, [[Sangeeth Sobhan]], Ram Nitin, [[Priyanka Jawalkar]] and Vishnu Oi.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-04-19 |title='MAD Square' begins: Director Kalyan Shankar, actors Sangeeth Shobhan, Nithin Narne and Ram Nithin reunite for 'MAD' sequel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/team-mad-reunites-for-mad-square-promises-double-the-fun/article68083364.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203154133/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/team-mad-reunites-for-mad-square-promises-double-the-fun/article68083364.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film was released on 28 March 2025 to positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mad Square teaser: Narne Nithin's film lives up to the hype, evokes non-stop comedy |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/mad-square-teaser-narne-nithins-film-lives-up-to-the-hype-evokes-non-stop-comedy/d2e224d807780 |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
4 years after the events of the first film{{refn|Following the events of ''[[Mad (film)|Mad]]'' (2023).|group=N}}, Ganesh "Laddu" is in jail. 6 students seeing how powerful Laddu is, go to ask him the reason why he is in jail, Laddu narrates the incidents that happened 3 months ago. DD is contesting for the Sarpanch position, Ashok is fighting for his property against his paternal aunt mother while Manoj works as a bartender recovering from his breakup with Sruthi. Laddu is getting married and all 3 including Shiva come to the marriage. However, Laddu's fiance Pooja elopes with another guy and while Laddu is about to commit suicide, Ashok stops Laddu and suggests that the group goes to Goa on vacation. All 5 go to Goa and enjoy their time in Goa with Laddu finding a potential new girlfriend. Laddu's mom is concerned about her son and asks Laddu's father to check on him. He enters Goa and finds out that Laddu is enjoying with a woman and questions Laddu about his bad habits. All the 5 boys promise on Laddu's father that there's nothing of that sort. Maxx enters the resort and abducts all the 6 people and take them to his location.

All 6 of them kneel down in front of Maxx. He reveals to these 6 people that he was the one who assigned a deal to 2 guys that he shot, to steal the necklace from the museum and also tells his people to put cash in one car and the necklace in another. He asks those guys to select the most happening island which is 'Honeymoon Island' and exchange the valets. But the car with the necklace goes missing. Maxx blames the boys for killing those 2 guys for no reason. Shiva suggests Maxx to kidnap Laddu's father and give them 2 days to find the necklace. Maxx, who does the opposite of what is supposed to do, follows Shiva's suggestion and keeps Laddu's father for 2 days and leave those 5 boys to find the necklace. First, Purushottham kicks out all of them from their resort as they are the reason all the customers left the resort. They realize that Laila has the necklace and goes out to find her. Manoj calls Laila's manager and asks for Laila's location. They go to the prostitute center, dressed as policemen to find Laila but accidentally finds Subhalekha and CI Sebastian. They escape from the center but get caught by the police for wearing police uniform. CI Sebastian takes them to the station. On the other hand, the DGP gets the information that the 5 boys are responsible for stealing necklace at the museum. These 5 boys escape from the police station and runs for their lives where they get saved by a jeep who happens to be Anthony Rodriguez, their senior at their college. Anthony asks all his boys to find Laila. He takes them to a mental hospital and tells his past that his father worked as a doctor in this hospital. He tells the boys to get ready to party where they find Laila, who happens to be the girlfriend of Anudeep. Laddu tells DD that he gave the necklace to Laila. She returns the necklace to Laddu. DGP Vikram tells Maxx that CBI is in Goa to catch him, not the necklace. The boys along with Anthony are taken to Maxx's place. Manoj fools Maxx to leave them by telling what Maxx does, which is precisely the opposite. Manoj mistakenly says Maxx to 'leave them'. DGP tells Subhalekha that one of them is from the CBI.

Maxx points out the gun at Anthony but he says that he didn't clear his engineering exams. DD asks who is from CBI and realizes that it's Ashok. Ashok passed IPS and becomes an undercover officer. He overpowers all of Maxx's men and gets Maxx and Subhalekha arrested. Maxx's brother-in-law is furious at Laddu for being responsible for Maxx's arrest and attacks Laddu's house. Thats the reason why Laddu is in Jail under the Witness Protection Program.

Laddu calls Ashok and asks him to consider bringing him out of jail. But Ashok tells him that he already caught those 3 people who were responsible for attack at Laddu's house and that he forgot to get Laddu out of jail.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* Ram Nitin as Manoj
* Narne Nithiin as Ashok
* [[Sangeeth Sobhan]] as Damodhar "DD"
* Vishnu Oi as Ganesh "Laddu"
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Prabhakar
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Maxx
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Subhalekha Sudhakar
* [[Krishna Bhagavan]] as Judge ([[cameo appearance]])
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Principal Purushottam
* [[Satyam Rajesh]] as [[Inspector#India|CI]] Sebastian
* [[Muralidhar Goud]] as Ganesh "Laddu"'s father
* Karthikeya Samala as Shiva
* Ravi Anthony Pudota as Anthony Rodriguez
* [[Anish Kuruvilla]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] Vikram Saheb
* [[Priyanka Jawalkar]] as Laila (cameo appearance)
* [[K. V. Anudeep]] as Anudeep (cameo appearance)
* Sri Gouri Priya as Sruthi (cameo appearance)
* [[Prabhas Sreenu]]
* Rohan Roy
* Auto Ramprasad
* Ramya Pasupuleti
* Krishna Kamal
* [[Reba Monica John]] as an [[item girl]] in the song "Swathi Reddy"
}}

== Production ==
The film began production in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-19 |title='MAD Square' begins: Director Kalyan Shankar, actors Sangeeth Shobhan, Nithin Narne and Ram Nithin reunite for 'MAD' sequel |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/team-mad-reunites-for-mad-square-promises-double-the-fun/article68083364.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203154133/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/team-mad-reunites-for-mad-square-promises-double-the-fun/article68083364.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack is composed by [[Bheems Ceciroleo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-28 |title='Swathi Reddy' song from 'Mad Square' is out |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/swathi-reddy-song-from-mad-square-is-out |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Telugu Cinema |language=en-US |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119154211/https://telugucinema.com/news/swathi-reddy-song-from-mad-square-is-out |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| title1 = Laddu Gaani Pelli
| length1 = 3:43
| lyrics1 = [[Kasarla Shyam]]
| extra1 = Bheems Ceciroleo, [[Mangli]]
| title2 = Swathi Reddy
| length2 = 3:29
| lyrics2 = Suresh Gangula
| extra2 = Bheems Ceciroleo, Swathi Reddy UK
| title3 = Vaccharroi
| length3 = 3:00
| lyrics3 = [[K. V. Anudeep]]
| extra3 = Bheems Ceciroleo
}}

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Sashidhar Adivi of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and wrote, "If you’ve been yearning for slapstick comedy, this film is for you. Although films like ''Mad Square'' doesn’t come with a strong storyline the writing and the slapstick comedy makes it a time pass watch."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mad Square Movie Review: This Slapstick Comedy Is A Time Pass Entertainer |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/telugu/mad-square-movie-review-this-slapstick-comedy-is-a-time-pass-entertainer-review-119638921/ |work=Times Now |date=28 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote, "Overall, ''MAD Square'' is a fun-filled entertainer that provides plenty of laughs and enjoyable performances. While it may not surpass its predecessor, it still guarantees a lighthearted and engaging cinematic experience."<ref>{{cite news |last1=India |first1=The Hans |title='MAD Square' review: A laughter riot with a dose of chaos |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/mad-square-review-a-laughter-riot-with-a-dose-of-chaos-80658 |work=The Hans India |date=28 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

T. Maruthi Acharya of ''[[India Today]]'' gave it two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "''Mad Square'' delivers moments of laughter but falls short of ''Mad''. While Vishnu Oi’s performance and some well-executed comedy blocks keep it afloat, weak character arcs and an uneven second half hold it back. It is worth a watch but lacks the magic of the original."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mad Square review: A wacky fun sequel, but lacks the magic of Mad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/mad-square-review-a-wacky-fun-sequel-lacks-the-magic-of-mad-2700727-2025-03-28 |work=India Today |date=28 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The ‘MAD’ trio returns in a new setting and the result is a patchy absurd comedy. A few segments bring the house down while the rest fizzles".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |title='MAD Square' movie review: A middling film with a few outrageous laughs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mad-square-movie-review-a-middling-film-with-a-few-laughs/article69385092.ece/ |work=The Hindu |date=28 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Balakrishna Ganeshan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "With weak character arcs, a pointless heist subplot, and jokes that fail to land, this sequel to ‘MAD’ proves that not every film needs a franchise."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganeshan |first1=Balakrishna |title=MAD Square review: A forced sequel that quickly loses its steam |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/story/flix/mad-square-review-a-forced-sequel-that-quickly-loses-its-steam |work=The News Minute |date=29 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Aditya Devulapally of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote, "The sequel to ''MAD'' tries to recreate the same irreverent charm, but when the formula becomes familiar, the unpredictability starts to wear thin".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Devulapally |first1=Aditya |title=MAD Square review: This comedy sequel is more déjà vu than hilarious |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/story/telugu/review/2025/Mar/28/mad-square-review-this-comedy-sequel-is-more-d%C3%A9j%C3%A0-vu-than-hilarious |work=Cinema Express |date=7 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
On its opening day, the film has collected {{INR|16 crore}} worldwide.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}} It concluded its theatrical run with worldwide gross estimated to be ₹66 crore.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=N}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* {{imdb title|32327574|Mad Square}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mad Square}}
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:2025 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films about travel]]
[[Category:Indian road comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama road movies]]
[[Category:Indian road movies]]
[[Category:2020s buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Goa]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]

List of Trine University fraternities and sororities

2026-04-29T03:41:34Z

Nidanayurveda: started the stub and citations

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
[[Fraternities and sororities]] have maintained a visible presence on the [[Trine University]] campus for 100 years. The campus hosts ten honor societies that recognize scholastic achievement, complimenting 13 active undergraduate social fraternities and sororities. Local societies had been predominant during the earlier, non-accredited era of campus growth, but beginning in 1947, national fraternities and then sororities colonized and now make up the majority of chapters. Tri-State's first men's social fraternity, [[Sigma Mu Sigma]] formed in 1921, and its first women's social sorority, Sigma Alpha Gamma (local) formed in 1926.<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities">{{cite Almanac FS|section=institutions|subsection=T|organization=Trine University|access-date=26 Jan 2023}}</ref>

As of 2018, 26% of male and 19% of female undergraduates are involved in these groups.

== Fraternities ==
A list of fraternities on campus follows. Active groups are in '''bold''' and inactive groups are in ''italics''. (NIC) indicates members of the [[North American Interfraternity Conference]]. (FFC) indicates members of the [[North American Interfraternity Conference#Active Former members|Fraternity Forward Coalition]]. (PFA) indicates members of the [[Professional Fraternity Association]].

===Active Fraternities===
* [[Acacia (fraternity)|Acacia]], 1967–1979, 2012 (NIC){{efn|Trine University's Acacia chapter was originally formed when an alumnus of [[Sigma Mu Sigma]], Clyde E. Shaw who was a faculty member at Tri-State, revived "his" fraternity of {{lang|grc|ΣΜΣ}} in 1940. This was four years after his original chapter had merged into [[Alpha Lambda Tau]]. This new ''Alpha chapter'' changed membership requirements to allow non-Masons to join. ''Alpha chapter'' was the only active chapter of {{lang|grc|ΣΜΣ}} from 1940–1952. In August 1952, Sigma Mu Sigma decided to merge with Sigma Alpha Chi, which was another Masonic fraternity originally known as Square and Compass. The resulting union, called Sigma Mu Sigma – Square and Compass, would eventually form 12 chapters. It dissolved in the 1960s, with the Trine chapter going on to join [[Acacia Fraternity]] in 1967. This chapter became dormant in 1980 and re-colonized in 2012.}}
* [[Alpha Sigma Phi]], 1935 (FFC, formerly NIC){{efn|Began as a local fraternity in 1924, which joined [[Alpha Delta Alpha]] in 1930 as its ''Eta chapter'', and at that national's demise, joined [[Alpha Kappa Pi (fraternity)|Alpha Kappa Pi]] in 1935 as its ''Alpha Beta chapter''. That second, smaller national merged into Alpha Sigma Phi in 1946, becoming its ''Beta Omicron chapter''.}}
* [[Delta Chi]], 1969 (NIC)<ref name=":4">From [https://tristatedeltachi.org/about-us/chapter-history/ ΔΧ's ''Trine chapter'' history], accessed 19 Jan 2023.</ref>
* [[Kappa Sigma]], 1966 (formerly NIC){{efn|name="FirstTekeChapter" }}{{efn|This chapter's history dates to March 25, 1921, as the founding chapter of [[Sigma Mu Sigma]]; it severed ties with the resulting small national it had formed as of 1934, and after several stages, eventually found Kappa Sigma.}}
* [[Phi Kappa Theta]], 1966 (NIC)<ref name=":3">Note, the Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities  shows this chapter as forming in 1943 out of a prior local called Alpha Gamma Omega, but the dates appear in error. Perhaps the local was dormant for a time, and then revived? The Phi Kap website clearly says its ''Indiana Alpha Gamma chapter'' was installed October 1, 1966.</ref>
* [[Sigma Phi Delta]], 1947 engineering professional (formerly PFA)<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* [[Sigma Phi Epsilon]], 1968 (formerly NIC){{efn|This chapter originated on December 17, 1927, when it was established as the ''Delta Epsilon chapter'' of Phi Sigma Chi. On May 8, 1949, the chapter affiliated with [[Alpha Gamma Upsilon]] as {{lang|grc|ΑΓΥ}}'s ''Lambda chapter''. It became ''Indiana Theta chapter'' of Sigma Phi Epsilon on May 4, 1968.}}
* [[Tau Kappa Epsilon]], 1947–1948, 1989 (NIC){{efn|name="FirstTekeChapter"|Trine University's first {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} chapter was originally the founding chapter of [[Sigma Mu Sigma]] fraternity, established on March 25, 1921, which over a decade spread to nine campuses. It was originally limited to [[Freemasons|Master Masons]]. With conditions worsening in the Great Depression, its small national organization voted in the Fall of 1934 to merge with {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}}, but the Tri-State ''Alpha chapter'' remained independent, likely due to non-accreditation. In 1936 it became the ''Psi chapter'' of [[Alpha Lambda Tau]]. That small non-NIC national would ''itself'' merge into {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} in 1947 in ''another'' merger. Following this, the NIC demanded that {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} revoke the charter for the group at Tri-State if they wanted to remain in the NIC because Tri-State College was still non-accredited. Hence, {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} revoked the charter of its ''Beta-Epsilon chapter'' at its next Conclave. The chapter then affiliated with [[Kappa Sigma Kappa]] in 1952. When small Kappa Sigma Kappa merged into [[Theta Xi]] in 1962, likewise a NIC fraternity, the chapter was again ineligible for the merger due to the accreditation status of Tri-State University. So the chapter petitioned [[Kappa Sigma]] and became a chapter of ''that'' fraternity in 1966, enduring until the accreditation turmoil had passed. This is the short history of the Trine University Kappa Sigma chapter. Decades after Tri-State University became accredited, {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} established a new chapter on the campus in 1989. The new chapter retained the ''Beta-Epsilon chapter'' designation and honors the founding date of the original {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} chapter, even though that original campus group is now a chapter of Kappa Sigma.}}{{efn|name="BetaSigmaTau"|Beta Sigma Tau merged with [[Pi Lambda Phi]] in late 1960. The Trine chapter did not follow the merger and reverted into a local called Beta Sigma Chi, which then joined {{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}} in 1966 as a merger into an existing chapter or revival according to the Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities. However, ''{{lang|grc|ΤΚΕ}}'' records indicate a re-chartering in 1989, with no detail on the absorption of {{lang|grc|ΒΣΧ}} in the two decades prior.}}

===Inactive fraternities===
* [[Alpha Delta Alpha]], 1930–1934, became Alpha Kappa Pi<ref name=":5">Noted in the [https://archive.org/details/modulus1956tris/page/n107/mode/2up?q=alpha+delta+alpha 1956 ''Modulus'' yearbook], the Trine chapter of {{lang|grc|ΑΣΦ}} emerged out of an original local, then {{lang|grc|ΑΔΑ}}, then {{lang|grc|ΑΚΠ}}, finally becoming {{lang|grc|ΑΣΦ}}.</ref>{{efn|Originally {{lang|grc|ΦΛΤ}} (local). The ''Eta chapter'' of this small national fraternity dissolved in 1934. Successor was {{lang|grc|ΑΚΠ}}.}}
* Alpha Gamma Omega (local), 1940–1965, became Phi Kappa Theta<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" /><ref name=":3" />
* [[Alpha Gamma Upsilon]], 1949–1968, became Sigma Phi Epsilon{{efn|Most chapters of {{lang|grc|ΑΓΥ}} were absorbed by {{lang|grc|ΑΣΦ}}; a few scattered to other nationals, as did the Tri-State chapter, which became a chapter of {{lang|grc|ΣΦΕ}}.}}
* [[Alpha Kappa Pi (fraternity)|Alpha Kappa Pi]], 1935–1946, became Alpha Sigma Phi<ref name=":5" />
* [[Alpha Lambda Tau]], 1936–1947, became Tau Kappa Epsilon<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Beta Phi Sigma (local), 1922–1932, became Delta Kappa Phi<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* [[Beta Phi Theta]], 1929–1969, became Delta Chi<ref name=":4" />{{efn|This was the ''Delta chapter'', and only surviving chapter after 1956, of this small national.}}
* Beta Sigma Chi, 1960–1966?, revived Tau Kappa Sigma{{efn|name="BetaSigmaTau"}}<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* [[Beta Sigma Tau]], 1950–1960, became Beta Sigma Chi<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />{{efn|name="BetaSigmaTau"}}
* Catholic Club (local), 1929–1940, became Alpha Gamma Omega<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Delta Kappa Phi, 1932–1936 <ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />{{efn|This was the short-lived ''Kappa chapter'' of this dormant, small national. Note, this fraternity was founded at Marshall College in West Virginia in 1929, and dissolved in the 1930s. It was distinct from the textiles fraternity of the same name.}}
* Four-Eleven Gang (local), 1922–1927, became Lambda Phi Epsilon<ref name=":4" />
* Gamma Eta Alpha (local), 1927–1931, became Phi Iota Alpha<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Kadimah Society, 1936–1948, became Theta Mu Phi<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" /><ref>Kadimah was a Zionist society.</ref>
* [[Kappa Sigma Kappa]], 1952–1962, reverted to Sigma Mu Sigma{{efn|{{lang|grc|ΚΣΚ}} was a junior NIC member which merged with [[Theta Xi]] national in 1962. Trine's chapter reverted to local status due to the accreditation problem that would persist for another year. Seven chapters of {{lang|grc|ΚΣΚ}} formed a schismatic junior-college-focused third reinvention of Kappa Sigma Kappa, which persisted for a few years after the merger, and which claimed the Tri-State chapter, but once the accreditation matter was resolved, in 1966, the Tri-State chapter would petition and join [[Kappa Sigma]]. The Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities notes it again using the name {{lang|grc|ΚΣΚ}} before 1966.}}
* Lambda Phi Epsilon (local), 1927–1929, became Beta Phi Theta<ref name=":4" />{{efn|Baird's Manual Archive Online notes this group formed in 1922. Latter date supported by other sources.}}
* Nu Pi (local), 1981–1989, became Triangle <ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* [[Phi Iota Alpha]], 1931–1955 ([[National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations|NALFO]] and NIC) <ref>Formerly a chapter of ΦΛΑ, this chapter continued for an unknown period.</ref>
* [[Phi Lambda Alpha]], 1929–1931, became Phi Iota Alpha{{efn|This chapter grew out of the "Club Hispano-Americano," a local chapter founded in 1921 at Tri-State. Joining Phi Lambda Alpha in 1929 and later joined by {{lang|grc|ΓΗΑ}}, this chapter continued for an unknown period. The national would soon merge into [[Phi Iota Alpha]], which remains a member of the [[National Association of Latino Fraternal Organizations|NALFO]] and the NIC.}}
* Phi Lambda Tau (local), 1925–1929, became Alpha Delta Alpha<ref name=":5" />
* Phi Sigma Chi, 1927–1934, 1936–1949, became Sigma Delta Rho, reverted to Phi Sigma Chi, became Alpha Gamma Upsilon<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />{{efn|In those pre-accreditation days, was this original chapter a unit of the preparatory school fraternity, [[High school fraternities and sororities|Phi Sigma Chi]]? Or was it a local with the same name?}}
* Sigma Delta Rho, 1934–1936, (NIC), reverted to Phi Sigma Chi, later became Alpha Gamma Upsilon <ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />{{efn|This was the last chapter of a small national [[Sigma Delta Rho]] to form before that fraternity's dissolution in 1935.}}
* [[Sigma Mu Sigma]], 1921–1936, 1940–1952, 1962–1966, became Alpha Lambda Tau, Kappa Sigma, Tau Kappa Epsilon, Kappa Sigma Kappa and Acacia {{efn|Arguably the most prolific chapter of any fraternity, this local chapter birthed three successor chapters on the Trine campus ''and twice'', a surviving, small national fraternity. Originally a Masonic-themed organization, see reference notes for these three resulting campus chapters.}}
* Square M Club (local), 1921-1921, became Sigma Mu Sigma <ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Tau Kappa Lambda (local), 1949–1952, became Kappa Sigma Kappa<ref>{{cite Almanac FS|section=men-inactive|organization=Kappa Sigma Kappa}} Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities shows this, but it ought to be traced to understand how it connects with the other fraternities or if the reference is in error. The Trine University listing in the Archive also shows a Tau Kappa Sigma, similarly lasting from 1949–1952, which appears to be a typo. Or was this a one-letter change for a local that stemmed from breaking away from ΤΚΕ?</ref>
* Tau Sigma (local), 1970–1981, became Nu Pi<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Theta Mu Phi, 1948–1950, became Beta Sigma Tau<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* [[Triangle Fraternity|Triangle]], 1989–2008 (NIC)

== Sororities ==
A list of the sororities on campus follows. Chapters are listed in order of date established, with active groups in '''bold''' and inactive groups in ''italics''. (NPC) indicates members of the [[National Panhellenic Conference]]. (local) indicates a chapter unaffiliated with a national organization.

===Active sororities===
* [[Alpha Sigma Tau]], 2008 (NPC)<ref name=":6">Noted by [https://www.kpcnews.com/article_84369564-d9ef-5519-a475-92b76113ef5c.html KPC News.com on 2 Nov 2008], accessed 19 Jan 2023.</ref>{{efn|Local installation date of the ''Epsilon Kappa chapter'' was September 26, 2009.}}
* Gamma Phi Epsilon (local), 1995<ref name=":6" />{{efn|This organization was formed on February 14, 1995.}}
* Kappa Sigma Alpha (local), 1991<ref name=":6" />
* [[Theta Phi Alpha]], 2012 (NPC){{efn|Originally established as Zeta Theta Epsilon (local) in 1998, this is the ''Gamma Omega chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΘΦΑ}}, installed on December 15, 2012.}}

===Inactive sororities===
* Alpha Omega Epsilon (local), 1999–2002, 2004–2006, became Alpha Sigma Tau <ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />{{efn|It appears the local Trine chapter called Alpha Omega Epsilon was not affiliated with the national professional sorority of the same name, but rather, took the same name by coincidence.}}
* Alpha Theta Pi (local), 2005–20xx ?<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" /><ref name=":6" />
* [[Kappa Beta Gamma]], 2011–2016
* Kappa Tau Sigma (local), 1954-19xx ?<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Lambda Rho Mu (local), 19xx ?–19xx ?<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Omega Kappa (local), 1960?–19xx ?<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Phi Sigma (local), 1996–2023
* [[Phi Sigma Sigma]], 1992–1996 (NPC), became Phi Sigma{{efn|This was the ''Zeta Upsilon chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΦΣΣ}}, reverting to local status on March 17, 1996.}}
* Sigma Alpha Gamma (local), 1926-193x ?<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* [[Sigma Kappa]], 1977–1983 (NPC) {{efn|This was the ''Zeta Theta chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΣΚ}}.}}
* Zeta Eta Theta (local), 1982–19xx ?<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" />
* Zeta Theta Epsilon (local), 1998–2012, became Theta Phi Alpha<ref name="Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities" /><ref name=":6" />{{efn|This group had its origin as the little sisters of ΤΚΕ, before 1998}}

== Honor and professional fraternities ==
Trine University hosts several honor societies. These include:
* [[Pi Tau Sigma]], 1972, honor, mechanical engineering{{efn|This is the ''Tri-State Delta Delta chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΠΤΣ}}.}}
* [[Chi Epsilon]], 1973, honor, civil and environmental engineering{{efn|This is the ''Trine chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΧΕ}}.}}
* [[Tau Beta Pi]], 1975, honor, engineering{{efn|This is the ''Indiana Epsilon chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΤΒΠ}}.}}
* [[Eta Kappa Nu]], 1975, honor, electrical engineering{{efn|This is the ''Zeta Phi chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΗΚΝ}}.}}
* [[Delta Mu Delta]], 1977, honor, business{{efn|This is the ''Gamma Theta chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΔΜΔ}}. Baird's says it was formed on May 11, 1977, while the school summary page says 2004. The latter date appears to be a restoration of the chapter.}}
* [[Omega Chi Epsilon]], 1980, honor, chemical engineering{{efn|This is the ''Alpha Nu chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΩΧΕ}}.}}
* [[Beta Beta Beta]], 1980, honor, biological sciences{{efn|This is the ''Xi Beta chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΔΜΔ}}.}}
* [[Pi Sigma Alpha]], 1981, honor, political sciences{{efn|This is the ''Mu Xi chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΠΣΑ}}.}}
* [[Phi Eta Sigma]], 1983, honor, first-year academic achievement{{efn|This is the ''Trine University chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΦΗΣ}}.}}
* [[Order of Omega]], 2008, honor, Greek Life leadership{{efn|This is the ''Phi Lambda chapter'' of the Order of Omega.}}
* [[Sigma Tau Delta]], honor, English{{efn|This is the ''Alpha Alpha Gamma chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΣΤΔ}}.<}}
* [[Lambda Alpha Epsilon]], honor, criminal justice{{efn|This is the ''Tau Alpha Omicron chapter'' of {{lang|grc|ΛΑΕ}}.}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trine University fraternities and sororities}}
[[Category:Lists of chapters of United States student societies by college|Trine University]]
[[Category:Trine University]]

List of Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra

2026-04-27T11:16:18Z

Nidanayurveda: made data

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

This article contains the [[list of Scheduled Castes]] in [[Maharashtra]] with their population, as per [[2011 census of India|2011 Census of India]]. There are 59 communities and their sub-groups recognized as Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Maharashtra - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42906 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260216074220/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42906 |archive-date=2026-02-16 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Major Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra by Population (Census 2011) {{!}} Commissionerate of Social Welfare {{!}} India |url=https://socialwelfare.maharashtra.gov.in/en/top-10-major-scheduled-castes-in-maharashtra-by-population-census-2011/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |language=en}}</ref>

== List ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Scheduled Castes
! colspan="2" |Population (2011)
|-
!Code
!Communities
!Total
!%age of total
|-
|001
|[[Agri (caste)|Ager]]
|896
|0.007
|-
|002
|Anamuk
|68
|<0.001
|-
|003
|[[Aray Mala]]
|350
|0.003
|-
|004
|Arwa Mala
|503
|0.004
|-
|005
|Bahna, Bahana
|210
|0.002
|-
|006
|Bakad, [[Bunt (community)|Bant]]
|1,649
|0.013
|-
|007
|[[Balahi (caste)|Balahi]], [[Balai Bunkar|Balai]]
|16,957
|0.128
|-
|008
|[[Basor]], Bansod, Bansode, Bansor
|55,564
|0.418
|-
|009
|[[Beda Jangam]], Budga Jangam
|27,168
|0.205
|-
|010
|[[Bedia (caste)|Bedar]]
|14,029
|0.106
|-
|011
|[[Bhambi]], [[Bhambi Khalpa|Bhambhi]], Asaduru, Asodi, Chamadia, [[Chamar]], [[Chambhar]], Chamgar, Haralayya, [[Khalpa]], Machigar, [[Madari|Madar]], Madig, [[Mochi (Hindu)|Mochi]], [[Muchis|Muchi]], Telugu Mochi, [[Bhambi Sindhi Mochi|Sindhi Mochi]], Kamati Mochi, [[Rohit (caste)|Rohit]], [[Bhambi Rohit|Rohidas]], [[Ramnami Samaj|Ramnami]], Ranigar, [[Satnami]], Surjyabanshi, Chamakar, Pardeshi Chamar
|14,11,072
|10.629
|-
|012
|[[Bhangi]], [[Mehtar (caste)|Mehtar]], Olgana, Rukhi, [[Halalkhor]], [[Lal Begi|Lalbegi]], [[Balmiki]], Zadmali, [[Hela (caste)|Hela]]
|2,17,166
|1.636
|-
|013
|[[Bind (caste)|Bindla]]
|625
|0.005
|-
|014
|Byagara
|379
|0.003
|-
|015
|[[Chalavadi]], Channayya
|3,309
|0.029
|-
|016
|Chenna Dasar, [[Holeya|Holeya Dasar]], Holaya Dasari
|608
|0.005
|-
|017
|Dakkal, Dokkalwar
|950
|0.007
|-
|018
|[[Dhor (caste)|Dhor]], Kankayya
|1,16,287
|0.876
|-
|019
|[[Doma (caste)|Dom]], [[Domar (caste)|Domar]]
|3,690
|0.028
|-
|020
|Ellamalwar, Yellammalawandhlu
|3,306
|0.025
|-
|021
|[[Ganda (caste)|Ganda]], Gandi
|585
|0.004
|-
|022
|[[Garoda (caste)|Garoda]], Garodi
|601
|0.005
|-
|023
|[[Ghasi]], [[Ghasiya]]
|1,989
|0.015
|-
|024
|Halleer
|1,784
|0.014
|-
|025
|Halsar, Haslar, Halasvar
|148
|0.001
|-
|026
|[[Holar caste|Holar]], Valhar
|1,08,908
|0.820
|-
|027
|[[Holaya]], Holeya, Holiya
|18,263
|0.137
|-
|028
|[[Kaikadi people|Kaikadi]] [only in Akola, Amravati, Bhandara, Buldhana, Nagpur, Wardha and Yavatmal districts; and Chandrapur district (except in Rajura tehsil)]
|5,599
|0.042
|-
|029
|Katia, [[Patari (caste)|Patariya]]
|5,207
|0.039
|-
|030
|[[Khangar (community)|Khangar]], Kanera, Mirdha
|2,020
|0.015
|-
|031
|[[Khatik]], Chikwa
|1,08,491
|0.817
|-
|032
|Kolupulvandhlu
|33
|<0.001
|-
|033
|[[Kori (caste)|Kori]]
|16,018
|0.121
|-
|034
|Lingader
|5,298
|0.041
|-
|035
|Madgi
|56,481
|0.425
|-
|036
|[[Madiga]]
|15,318
|0.115
|-
|037
|[[Mahar]], Mehra, Dhegu Megu
|80,60,060
|60.712
|-
|038
|[[Mahyavanshi]], [[Dhedh]], [[Vankar]]
|14,039
|0.105
|-
|039
|[[Mala (caste)|Mala]]
|15,266
|0.115
|-
|040
|Mala Dasari
|1,789
|0.013
|-
|041
|Mala Hannai
|27
|<0.001
|-
|042
|Mala Jangam
|8,491
|0.064
|-
|043
|Mala Masti
|17
|<0.001
|-
|044
|Mala Sale, Netkani
|269
|0.002
|-
|045
|Mala Sanyasi
|46
|<0.001
|-
|046
|[[Mang (caste)|Mang]], Matang, Dakhani Matang, [[Madari]], Mahashi Matang, Radhe Matang
|24,88,531
|18.745
|-
|047
|[[Garodi|Mang Garodi]], Mang Garudi
|39,993
|0.301
|-
|048
|Manne
|2,542
|0.019
|-
|049
|Mashti
|69
|<0.001
|-
|050
|[[Meghwal people|Meghwal]], Menghvar
|40,416
|0.304
|-
|051
|Mitha Ayalval
|38
|<0.001
|-
|052
|Mukri
|54
|<0.001
|-
|053
|Nadia, Hadi
|333
|0.003
|-
|054
|[[Pasi (caste)|Pasi]]
|24,664
|0.185
|-
|055
|[[Sansi people|Sansi]]
|491
|0.003
|-
|056
|[[Shenva]], Chenva, Rawat
|1,326
|0.009
|-
|057
|Sindhollu, Chindhollu
|1,002
|0.007
|-
|058
|[[Tirgar]], Tirbanda
|80
|<0.001
|-
|059
|[[Turi (caste)|Turi]]
|490
|0.003
|-
! colspan="2" |
!13,275,898
!100%
|}

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Maharashtra|*]]
[[Category:Social groups of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lists of Scheduled Castes by state]]

George K. Teulon

2026-04-25T21:18:10Z

Nidanayurveda: Starting Basic Post Added Tags

{{Short description|English–Texian journalist and freemason}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = George Knight Teulon
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1812|05|27}}
| birth_place = England
| death_date = 1846 (aged 33)
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], British India
| allegiance = [[Republic of Texas]]
| branch = [[Texian Army]]
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| battles = [[Texas Revolution]]
}}

'''George Knight Teulon'''<ref>{{cite news|url= https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth48200/m1/3/?q=Teulon|title=Telegraph and Texas Register (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 7, No. 40, Ed. 1, Wednesday, September 21, 1842 Page: 3 of 4|publisher=[[University of North Texas Libraries]]|work=The Portal to Texas History|date=September 21, 1842|access-date=December 11, 2024}}</ref> (May 27, 1812 – 1846) was a 19th-century English-[[Texian]] journalist and [[freemasonry|freemason]] who was a cofounder and the editor of ''[[The Austin City Gazette]]'', the first newspaper published in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], the capital of the [[Republic of Texas]], and the publisher of ''[[The Western Advocate]]''.

==Life==
George Knight Teulon was born on May 27, 1812, as the tenth child of eleven children born to Thomas Anthony Teulon and Rachel (''[[née]]'' Hensman) Teulon.<ref name=Bannerman>{{cite book|editor-last=Bannerman|editor-first=W. Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1xIAAAAYAAJ|title=Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica|volume=II|series=4th series|year=1908|publisher=Mitchell, Hughes and Clarke, 140 Wardour Street W.|publication-place=London|page=204|via=Google Books}}</ref> The August 21, 1834, issue of the ''[[Montreal Herald and Daily Commercial Gazette]]'' contains a notice from August 13, 1834, for those who were indebted to the [[Estate (law)|estate]] of P. H. Teulon, to make payment to George K. Teulon, or the [[executor]] of the estate before the accounts were to be transferred to an attorney.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3130457|title=Notice|newspaper=Montreal herald and daily commercial gazette|via=[[Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec]]|publication-place=[[Montreal]]|date=August 21, 1834}}</ref> Peter Hensman Teulon was a brother of George K. Teulon and died in 1834.<ref name=Bannerman/> George K. Teulon signed a [[loyalism|loyalist]] invitation in 1834, before the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] began.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.1837.qc.ca/acteurs2022_nip.php|title=Les Patriotes des 1837@1838 les rébellions du Bas-Canada|language=fr}}</ref> Teulon served in the [[Texian Army]] in the [[Texas Revolution]].<ref name=TFMM>{{cite magazine|url=http://iapsop.com/archive/materials/freemasons_monthly_magazine_us/freemasons_monthly_magazine_v6_1846.pdf|title=Death of Br. George K. Teulon|magazine=The Freemason's Monthly Magazine|volume=VI|date=1847|issue=1|via=the International Association for the Preservation of Spiritualist and Occult Periodicals (IAPSOP)|pages=5–7, 22, 64|publication-place=[[Boston, Massachusetts]]|publisher=Tuttle and Dennett, Print. 17 School Street}}</ref> He was a cofounder of ''The Austin City Gazette'' when it was established in 1839<ref>{{cite web|last1=Allen|last2=Sharpe|last3=Whitaker|first1=Louise C.|first2=Ernest A.|first3=John R.|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/newspapers|title=Newspapers|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|work=[[Handbook of Texas]] Online}}</ref> and became the editor in January 1840. Before his editorship, the paper supported the policies of [[Mirabeau B. Lamar]]. Afterwards, it became Anti-Lamar and supported [[Sam Houston]].<ref name=acg/> In the third volume of ''The Writings of Sam Houston 1813–1863'', the newspaper is mentioned as "an Anti-Houston, and anti-administration paper".<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Williams|editor-last2=Barker|editor-first1=Amelia W.|editor-first2=Eugene C.|editor-link1=Amelia Worthington Williams|editor-link2=Eugene C. Barker|url=https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/913497740/504|title=The Writings of Sam Houston 1813–1863|pages=531–532|via=Texas History Trust|volume=III: December 20, 1822 – January 31, 1844|publisher=The University of Texas Press|date=1940}}</ref> The newspaper was the publisher to the [[Congress of the Republic of Texas]] and about half of the paper concerned the acts of Congress, presidential decrees, and other government matters.<ref name=acg>{{cite web|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/austin-city-gazette|title=Austin City Gazette|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|work=[[Handbook of Texas]] Online}}</ref> He was one of the first members of the [[Austin Lyceum]], which was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas on February 4, 1841, "for the encouragement of literary and scientific pursuits".<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Malone|first=Billy Charles|url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/86a7a6af-fa32-4f29-86af-d8ccf9c3d73e/content|title=An Early History of Austin, Texas, 1839-1861|degree=MA|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|date=August 1958}}</ref>

Teulon sent gifts to Sam Houston and [[Margaret Lea Houston]] in 1842, which he described as "a musical magazine and 'Ladies Companion' packet workbox".<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Roberts|editor-first=Madge Thornall|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9715/m1/277|title=The Personal Correspondence of Sam Houston, Volume 1: 1839-1845|date=1996 |via=[[University of North Texas Libraries]]|pages=258–259}}</ref> In a November 30, 1842, issue of the ''[[Edgefield Advertiser]]'', the second page includes an announcement from Teulon that a William P. Lewis, who formerly lived in Austin, was forever expelled from all the privileges and benefits of masonry due to unmasonic conduct and mentions Teulon as holding the position of King, High Priest p. t. of Lone Star [[Royal Arch Masonry|Royal Arch]] Chapter No. 4.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://historicnewspapers.sc.edu/lccn/sn84026897/1842-11-30/ed-1|title=To the Eternity of Free and Accepted Masons Throughout the World|publication-place=[[Edgefield, South Carolina]]|newspaper=[[Edgefield Advertiser]]|volume=VII|issue=44|date=November 30, 1842|via=Historical Newspapers of South Carolina, [[University of South Carolina Libraries]]}}</ref>
On March 31, 1843, U.S. congressman and former U.S. President [[John Quincy Adams]] inscribed in his diary,<blockquote>Western Advocate by George K. Teulon— N. 1
City of Austin Saturday 18 Feby 1843—<ref>{{cite web|last=Adams|first=John Quincy|url=https://www.primarysourcecoop.org/publications/jqa/document/jqadiaries-v49-1843-03-p250--entry2|title=John Quincy Adams Digital Diary – 31 March 1843 – Volume 49 Draft|website=Primary Source Cooperative at the [[Massachusetts Historical Society]]}}</ref></blockquote> ''The Western Advocate'', which Teulon was the publisher of, operated from February 1843 to 1844.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/sn86089560|title=Western Advocate (City of Austin [i.e. Austin], Tex.) 1843-1844|website=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref>

On June 17, 1843, Teulon invited the former [[president of the Republic of Texas]], Mirabeau B. Lamar, to a public barbecue in Austin upon his return to the Republic of Texas.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Gulick, Jr.|editor-last2=Allen|editor-last3=Elliot|editor-last4=Smither|editor-first1=Charles Adams|editor-first2=Winnie|editor-first3=Katherine|editor-first4=Harriet|url=https://archive.texashistorytrust.org/view/913497740/504|title=The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar|pages=503–504|via=Texas History Trust|volume=V|publisher=The Pemberton Press|date=1968}}</ref>

[[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of Texas.svg|upright|thumb|The coat of arms of the {{nowrap|Republic of Texas}}]]

In 1844, Teulon, then the Grand Secretary of the [[Grand Lodge of Texas|Grand Lodge of the Republic of Texas]] when [[John Alexander Greer]] was the [[Grand Master (freemasonry)|Grand Master]],<ref name=TFQR>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/The_Freemasons_Quarterly_Review_1843/page/n221|title=The Freemason's Quarterly Review|via=the [[Internet Archive]]|date=1843|pages=326, 449}}</ref> addressed a meeting of freemasons in [[Portland, Maine]], and made remarks about [[Masonic ritual and symbolism|masonic symbolism]] in Texas's chosen symbol, the "Lone Star". He told attendees, "Texas is emphatically a Masonic Country: Our national emblem, the 'Lone Star', was chosen from among the emblems selected by Freemasonry, to illustrate the moral virtues — it is a five-pointed star, and alludes to the five points of fellowship."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grandlodgeoftexas.org/intro.php|title=Texas Masonic Pride: Early Beginnings|website=Grand Lodge of Texas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508063856/http://grandlodgeoftexas.org/intro.php|archive-date=May 8, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://grandlodgeoftexas.org/heroes.html|title=Masonic Heroes of Texas|website=Grand Lodge of Texas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030603184754/https://grandlodgeoftexas.org/heroes.html|archive-date=June 3, 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://txfreemasonry.org/texas-freemasonry|title=Texas Freemasonry|website=Richardson Masonic Lodge #1214}}</ref>

Also in 1844, Teulon wrote in ''The Freemason's Monthly Magazine'' that "Texas is emphatically a Masonic Country; all of our Presidents and Vice-President, and four-fifths of our State Officers were and are Masons: by Freemasonry to illustrate the moral virtues--it is a Five Pointed Star{{nbsp}}... May it ever bind us in the holy Bond of Fraternal Union and govern our social, Masonic, and Political intercourse".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.starmuseum.org/questions.htm|title=FAQ's—Frequently Asked Questions|website=[[Star of the Republic Museum]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908162203/https://www.starmuseum.org/questions.htm|archive-date=September 8, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Teulon was sent by the Grand Lodge of Texas as its representative to the [[United Grand Lodge of England|Grand Lodge of England]].<ref name=TFMM/> He later resigned this post<ref name=TFQR/> and lived for some months in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], but was unsuccessful in finding suitable work. He then moved to [[Calcutta]] and worked for the [[General Post Office]].<ref name=TFMM/>

==Death==
Volume VI of ''The Freemason's Monthly Magazine'' records Teulon as dying in Calcutta, [[Company rule in India|British India]], in March 1846.<ref name=TFMM/> An English genealogical book from 1908 mentions that he died in Calcutta on April 24, 1846.<ref name=Bannerman/>

[[George F. Moore (Texas judge)|George Fleming Moore]], who at the time of the 1874 [[Supreme Court of Texas]] case ''The State v. Estate of George K. Teulon'' was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, wrote Teulon was "averred" to have "died in Brazil without having sold or transferred said property".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/state-v-estate-of-886717100|title=State v. Estate of Teulon|website=VLEX|accessdate=December 8, 2024}}</ref>

[[John Henry Brown]], in his ''History of Texas, from 1685 to 1892'', published in 1893, wrote that Teulon died in [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brown|first=John Henry|author-link=John Henry Brown|url=https://www.milamcountyhistoricalcommission.org/1033.pdf|title=History of Texas, from 1685 to 1892|via=[[Milam County, Texas|Milam County]] Historical Commission|date=1893|publication-place=St. Louis|publisher=L. E. Daniell|volume=II|pages=167, 524}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://dygtyjqp7pi0m.cloudfront.net/i/63917/51048471_1.jpg?v=8DBF8E67B922900 Republic of Texas Certificate of Stock in the ten percent consolidated fund created by Act of February 5, 1840, issued to George K. Teulon (cancelled)]
*[https://historical.ha.com/itm/autographs/statesmen/george-k-teulon-autograph-letter-signed-to-fellow-freemason-edmund-burleson/a/6003-76101.s# Letter from George K. Teulon to Edmund Burleson]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teulon, George K.}}
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1846 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century British male journalists]]
[[Category:English emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec]]
[[Category:English emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Editors of Texas newspapers]]
[[Category:People from Austin, Texas]]
[[Category:People of the Texas Revolution]]

Jaspur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:19:17Z

Nidanayurveda: created initial entry basic info - done

{{Short description|Legislative assembly constituency in Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jaspur
| latest_election_year = 2022
| mla = Adesh Singh Chauhan
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital–Udhamsingh Nagar]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:132654}}<ref name="ceouk">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf |title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Election - 2022 - AC wise Voter Turnout |website=ceo.uk.gov.in |date=1 March 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301040631/https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf}}</ref>{{update after|2027|03}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 62
| map_image = Jaspur Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Jaspur Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/Constituencies_Division_Wise-1.pdf |title=Uttarakhand Assembly constituencies |access-date=16 January 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122013605/https://ceo.uk.gov.in/files/Election2012/Constituencies_Division_Wise-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is part of [[Udham Singh Nagar district|Udham Singh Nagar]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || rowspan=3 | [[Shailendra Mohan Singhal|Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]] || rowspan=2 | [[Adesh Singh Chauhan]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaspur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Adesh Singh Chauhan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,886 |percentage=43.81% |change={{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shailendra Mohan Singhal|Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=38,714 |percentage=39.55% |change={{decrease}}2.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohd Yoonus Chaudhari |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=9,454 |percentage=9.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajay Agarwal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=5,061 |percentage=5.17% |change={{decrease}}4.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=476 |percentage=0.49% |change={{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,172 |percentage=4.26% |change= {{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=97,893 |percentage=73.53% |change= {{decrease}}5.83 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,33,136 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaspur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Adesh Singh Chauhan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,551 |percentage=46.32% |change={{increase}}12.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shailendra Mohan Singhal|Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=38,347 |percentage=41.74% |change={{increase}}13.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammad Umar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,666 |percentage=9.43% |change={{decrease}}20.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=644 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Km. Seema Chauhan |party=Independent politician |votes=578 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,204 |percentage=4.58% |change= {{increase}}0.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=91,869 |percentage=79.36% |change= {{increase}}1.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,15,764 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.12 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}12.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaspur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shailendra Mohan Singhal|Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,533 |percentage=33.34% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammad Umar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=22,753 |percentage=29.71% |change={{increase}}20.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Adesh Singh Chauhan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,604 |percentage=28.21% |change={{increase}}16.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sultan Bharti |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=4,021 |percentage=5.25% |change={{decrease}}6.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shahnawaz |party=Independent politician |votes=615 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandrapal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=576 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,780 |percentage=3.63% |change= {{decrease}}12.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=76,584 |percentage=77.48% |change= {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,839 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaspur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shailendra Mohan Singhal|Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,063 |percentage=34.23% |change={{increase}}10.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohammad Umar |party=Independent politician |votes=13,368 |percentage=18.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Hafeez |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=8,851 |percentage=12.09% |change={{increase}}1.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surendra Singh Chouhan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,770 |percentage=11.98% |change={{decrease}}2.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adesh Kumar Chouhan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=6,463 |percentage=8.83% |change={{increase}}0.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh Gehlot |party=Independent politician |votes=4,002 |percentage=5.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishvjeet Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,396 |percentage=1.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usha Rani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,351 |percentage=1.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohd. Javed |party=Independent politician |votes=714 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Geeta |party=Independent politician |votes=482 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,695 |percentage=15.97% |change= {{increase}}13.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=73,223 |percentage=74.48% |change= {{increase}}9.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,342 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}8.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Jaspur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shailendra Mohan Singhal|Dr. Shailendra Mohan Singhal]] |party=Independent politician |votes=13,897 |percentage=26.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adbul Hafij |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,580 |percentage=23.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajiv Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,485 |percentage=14.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoj Joshi |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=5,556 |percentage=10.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aasad Ali |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,562 |percentage=8.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Usha Rani |party=Independent politician |votes=2,097 |percentage=3.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anandpal Singh |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=1,774 |percentage=3.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh |party=Rashtriya Kisan Party |votes=1,357 |percentage=2.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,107 |percentage=2.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dulla Khan |party=Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) |votes=825 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Babu Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=675 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,317 |percentage=2.47% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,315 |percentage=65.00% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,024 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Udham Singh Nagar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}

{{coord|29.28|78.82|display=title}}

[[Category:Udham Singh Nagar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

Amit Kumar Chakma

2026-04-14T03:16:57Z

Nidanayurveda: Made new biography - done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Amit Kumar Chakma
| image = File:Amit Kumar Chakma.png
| caption = Amit Kumar Chakma in 2023.
| birth_date = 2 April 1984
| birth_place = Rengkashya, Mizoram, India
| death_date = 4 May 2023 (aged 39)
| office = [[Chief Executive Member of the Chakma Autonomous District Council]]
| predecessor = Kali Kumar Tongchangya
| successor = [[Governor's Rule]]
| constituency = Rengkashya
| term_start = 6 November 2017
| term_end = 21 March 2018
| office2 = Executive Member
| term_start2 = 2013
| term_end2 = 2017
| office3 = Member
| term_start3 = 2018
| term_end3 = 2023
| other_party = [[Mizo National Front|MNF]],
[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| alma_mater =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website = [https://www.cadc.gov.in/ www.cadc.gov.in]
}}

'''Amit Kumar Chakma''' (1984-2023) was an Indian politician and the former [[Chief Executive Member of the Chakma Autonomous District Council|Chief Executive Member]]<ref>https://www.cadc.gov.in/2017/11/09/amit-kumar-chakma-sworn-in-as-new-cem-cadc/</ref><ref>https://www.cadc.gov.in/2017/11/06/appointment-of-shri-amit-kumar-chakma-as-cem-cadc/</ref> of the [[Chakma Autonomous District Council]], an autonomous region in [[Mizoram]] from 6 November 2017 to 21 March 2018.

Chakma was first elected as an MDC in 2013 from Rengkashya constituency on an INC ticket. He was again re-elected in 2018 from same constituency. After switching over to [[Mizo National Front]] (MNF), he was denied ticket and then he had joined the BJP in 2023 which chose him as its official candidate from Rengkashya constituency.

== Biography ==
Amit Kumar Chakma was born to Late Balabadra Chakma, a resident of Rengkashya under Chakma Autonomous District Council. He was the president of the Chakma District Congress Committee from 6 November 2017 to 21 March 2018.<ref>https://www.chakmadistrictcongress.org/members</ref>

== Cause of Death ==

Amit Kumar Chakma was killed by his political opponent Prema Ranjan Chakma, official MNF candidate and his brother Chitra Ranjan Chakma, who later died in a car accident within a year of the shocking incident; with aides Rupayan Chakma, his nephew and notorious Ananta Jivon Chakma on 4 May 2023 at Lokkisury village while he was in election campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eastmojo.com/mizoram/2023/05/05/mizoram-bjp-candidate-for-chakma-council-polls-killed-6-injured/|title=Mizoram: BJP candidate for Chakma council polls killed, 6 injured|first=Kimi|last=Colney|author-link=Kimi Colney|date=5 May 2023|website=EastMojo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizoram-bjp-nominee-for-cadc-election-amit-kumar-chakma-killed-in-clash/articleshow/100024539.cms|title=Mizoram: BJP nominee for CADC election, Amit Kumar Chakma, killed in clash|date=6 May 2023|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/india/bjp-candidate-for-cadc-polls-killed-6-others-injured-in-clash-in-mizoram-7733683.html|title=BJP Candidate for CADC Polls Killed, 6 Others Injured in Clash in Mizoram|date=5 May 2023|website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/bjp-candidate-killed-in-mizoram-s-cadc-election-clash-party-claims-mnf-s-involvement-and-demands-security-for-all-candidates-101683349118286.html|title=Mizoram CADC polls: BJP candidate killed, 6 others injured in clash|date=6 May 2023|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/bjp-candidate-for-cadc-polls-killed-6-others-injured-in-clash-in-mizoram/1557889/|title=BJP candidate for CADC polls killed, 6 others injured in clash in Mizoram|date=5 May 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.cadc.gov.in/the-chief-executive-member The Chief Executive Member – Chakma Autonomous District Council]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakma, Amit Kumar}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Chakma people]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:People from Lawngtlai district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Mizo National Front politicians]]

Pankajbhai Desai

2026-04-11T12:53:00Z

Nidanayurveda: created first details first draft - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pankajbhai Desai
| office = [[Member of Legislative assembly|MLA]] of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]]
| term_start = 1998
| term_end = Incumbent
| predecessor = [[Dinsha Patel]]
| successor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency = [[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad Constituency]]
}}
'''Pankajbhai Vinubhai Desai''' (born 19 July 1961) is an Indian politician associated with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He is a [[Member of Legislative assembly]] from [[Nadiad Assembly constituency|Nadiad Constituency]] in [[Gujarat]] for its [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|10th, 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th legislative assembly]].<ref name="Gujarat Confidential: ‘Class Monitor’s Day’">{{cite news |newspaper=The Indian Express |title=Gujarat Confidential: 'Class Monitor's Day' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-confidential-class-monitors-day-5840708/ |access-date=31 July 2024 |date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731105435/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-confidential-class-monitors-day-5840708/ |archive-date=31 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Nadiad election results: BJP leader Desai Pankajbhai Vinubhai (Gotiyo) wins">{{cite news |last1=India Today |title=Nadiad election results: BJP leader Desai Pankajbhai Vinubhai (Gotiyo) wins |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/story/gujarat-elections-nadiad-constituency-results-latest-updates-1109718-2017-12-18 |access-date=31 July 2024 |date=18 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731105846/https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2017/gujarat-assembly-election-2017/story/gujarat-elections-nadiad-constituency-results-latest-updates-1109718-2017-12-18 |archive-date=31 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Nadiad Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Desai Pankajbhai Vinubhai Of BJP Wins">{{cite news |last1=News18 |title=Nadiad Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Desai Pankajbhai Vinubhai Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/nadiad-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6561757.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731110105/https://www.news18.com/news/elections/nadiad-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6561757.html |archive-date=31 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Desai, Pankajbhai}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 1998–2002]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2002–2007]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

2018–19 Deodhar Trophy

2026-04-05T11:45:34Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2018–19 Deodhar Trophy
| image =
| caption =
| fromdate = 23 October 2018
| todate = 27 October 2018
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[List A cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Double round robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| champions = [[India C cricket team|India C]]
| count = 1
| participants = 3
| matches = 4
| attendance =
| most runs = [[Shreyas Iyer]] (199) (Ind-B)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=12711;type=tournament|title=Records Deodhar Trophy, 2018/19 Most Runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]] (7) (Ind-C)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=12711;type=tournament|title=Records Deodhar Trophy, 2018/19 Most Wickets |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref>
| website =[http://www.bcci.tv/prof-d-b-deodhar-trophy-2018-19/overview BCCI]
| previous_year = 2017-18
| previous_tournament = 2017-18 Deodhar Trophy
| next_year = 2019-20
| next_tournament = 2019–20 Deodhar Trophy
| imagesize = 2018–19 Deodhar Trophy
}}
{{2018–19 Indian domestic cricket season}}

The '''2018–19 Deodhar Trophy''' was the 46th edition of the [[Deodhar Trophy]], a [[List A cricket]] competition in [[India]]. It was contested between three teams selected by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI). It was played from 23 to 27 October 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/indian-domestic-cricket-to-witness-over-2000-matches-in-2018-19-season-1289624-2018-07-18 |title=Indian domestic cricket to witness over 2000 matches in 2018-19 season|publisher=India Today |access-date= 19 July 2018}}</ref> [[India C cricket team|India C]] won the tournament by defeating [[India B cricket team|India B]] by 29 runs in the final.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/2018-deodhar-trophy-shreyas-iyer-s-whirlwind-knock-in-vain-as-india-c-crowned-champions|title=2018 Deodhar Trophy: Shreyas Iyer's whirlwind knock in vain as India C crowned Champions|author=Vignesh Ananthasubramanian|date=27 October 2018|work=SportsKeeda |access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref>

== Squads ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:auto"
|-
! [[India A cricket team|India A]]<ref name="Deodhar">{{cite web|title=Dinesh Karthik to lead India A in Deodhar Trophy, Rahane and Ashwin to play|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/25014757/ajinkya-rahane-r-ashwin-dinesh-karthik-play-deodhar-trophy|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=19 October 2018}}</ref>
! India B<ref name="Deodhar"/>
! India C<ref name="Deodhar"/>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Dinesh Karthik]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]], [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Prithvi Shaw]]
* [[Anmolpreet Singh]]
* [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]]
* [[Ankit Bawne]]
* [[Nitish Rana]]
* [[Karun Nair]]
* [[Krunal Pandya]]
* [[Ravichandran Ashwin]]
* [[Shreyas Gopal]]
* [[Shams Mulani]]
* [[Mohammed Siraj]]
* [[Dhawal Kulkarni]]
* [[Siddarth Kaul]]
* [[Kedar Jadhav]]
|
* [[Shreyas Iyer]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Mayank Agarwal]]
* [[Ruturaj Gaikwad]]
* [[Prashant Chopra]]
* [[Hanuma Vihari]]
* [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]
* [[Ankush Bains]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Rohit Rayudu]]
* [[Krishnappa Gowtham]]
* [[Mayank Markande]]
* [[Shahbaz Nadeem]]
* [[Deepak Chahar]]
* [[Varun Aaron]]
* [[Jaydev Unadkat]]
|
* [[Ajinkya Rahane]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Abhinav Mukund]]
* [[Shubman Gill]]
* [[Ravikumar Samarth]]
* [[Suresh Raina]]
* [[Suryakumar Yadav]]
* [[Ishan Kishan]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Vijay Shankar (cricketer)|Vijay Shankar]]
* [[Washington Sundar]]
* [[Rahul Chahar]]
* [[Pappu Roy]]
* [[Navdeep Saini]]
* [[Rajneesh Gurbani]]
* [[Umar Nazir]]
|}

== Group stage ==

===Points table===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref name="points">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/table/series/8737/season/2018/deodhar-trophy |title=Deodhar Trophy Table - 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=25 October 2018 }}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Tie|Tied}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|N/R|No Result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px"|{{abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net Run Rate}}
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[India B cricket team|India B]]'''
| 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''8''' || +0.730
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"| '''[[India C cricket team|India C]]'''
| 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''4''' || –0.116
|-
| style="text-align:left" | '''[[India A cricket team|India A]]'''
| 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''0''' || –0.632
|}

===Matches===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 23 October 2018
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = India B
| team2 = India A
| score1 = 261/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hanuma Vihari]] 87[[not out|*]] (95)
| wickets1 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 2/39 (9 overs)
| score2 = 218 (46.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dinesh Karthik]] 99 (114)
| wickets2 = [[Mayank Markande]] 4/48 (9.4 overs)
| result = India B won by 43 runs.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1162442.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[Yeshwant Barde]]
| motm = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] (India B)
| toss = India B won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 24 October 2018
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = India B
| team2 = India C
| score1 = 231/9 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hanuma Vihari]] 76 (94)
| wickets1 = [[Rajneesh Gurbani]] 3/38 (9 overs)
| score2 = 201 (48.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 39 (46)
| wickets2 = [[Krishnappa Gowtham]] 3/40 (10 overs)
| result = India B won by 30 runs.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1162443.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]]
| motm = [[Hanuma Vihari]] (India B)
| toss = India B won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = As the result of this match, India B qualified for the final.
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 25 October 2018
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = India A
| team2 = India C
| score1 = 293/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Abhimanyu Easwaran]] 69 (103)
| wickets1 = [[Vijay Shankar]] 3/40 (10 overs)
| score2 = 296/4 (47 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shubman Gill]] 106[[not out|*]] (111)
| wickets2 = [[Ravichandran Ashwin]] 1/46 (10 overs)
| result = India C won by 6 wickets.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1162444.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] and [[Yeshwant Barde]]
| motm = [[Shubman Gill]] (India C)
| toss = India A won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = As the result of this match, India C qualified for the final.
}}

== Final ==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 27 October 2018
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = India C
| team2 = India B
| score1 = 352/7 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 144[[not out|*]] (158)
| wickets1 = [[Jaydev Unadkat]] 3/52 (10 overs)
| score2 = 323 (46.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 148 (114)
| wickets2 = [[Pappu Roy]] 3/75 (10 overs)
| result = India C won by 29 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1162445.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires = [[Anil Dandekar]] and [[Yeshwant Barde]]
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (India C)
| toss = India C won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (Ind C) scored his 10th [[List-A cricket|List-A]] century.
}}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Deodhar Trophy}}
{{2018–19 in Indian cricket}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2018-19 Deodhar Trophy}}
[[Category:2018 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Professional 50-over cricket competitions]]
[[Category:Deodhar Trophy seasons]]

Lakshmipriya Devi

2026-03-30T00:39:51Z

Nidanayurveda: made biography

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lakshmipriya Devi
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| nationality =
| alma_mater = [[Miranda House]], [[University of Delhi]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter}}
| years_active =
| awards = [[79th British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA]]
}}
'''Lakshmipriya Devi''' is an Indian filmmaker best known for directing the [[Cinema of Manipur|Manipuri language]] film ''[[Boong (film)|Boong]]'', which won the Best Children's and Family Film award at the [[79th British Academy Film Awards]] in 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mazumdar |first=Prasanta |date=2026-02-23 |title=Manipur's 'Boong' wins best children's film award at BAFTA |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2026/Feb/23/manipurs-boong-wins-best-childrens-film-award-at-bafta |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2026-02-23 |title=Boong: How Lakshmipriya Devi turned the Manipuri film into a BAFTA-winning sensation {{!}} Cast, plot |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/boong-how-lakshmipriya-devi-turned-the-manipuri-film-into-a-bafta-winning-sensation-cast-plot-1503561288.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BAFTAs 2026: 'Boong' Wins Best Children's and Family Film, Becomes First Indian Winner |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/bafta-2026-boong-wins-best-childrens-and-family-film-becomes-first-indian-winner |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |language=en}}</ref> Boong made history by becoming the first Indian film to win in that category, gaining international recognition for its culturally rooted storytelling and emotional depth.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2026-02-23 |title=Lakshmipriya's BAFTA win a moment of immense pride for entire nation: Manipur CM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/lakshmipriyas-bafta-win-a-moment-of-immense-pride-for-entire-nation-manipur-cm/article70665910.ece |access-date=2026-02-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=2026-02-22 |title=On A Night Of BAFTA Surprises, Was 'Boong' The Biggest? |url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/boong-bafta-surprise-winner-beats-disney-hits-1236732649/ |access-date=2026-02-23 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm1958198}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Manipur]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}

Madanapalle

2026-03-25T19:02:55Z

Nidanayurveda: corrected section also to improve readability

{{more citations needed|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Madanapalle
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name = Maryada Ramanna Puram
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Madana 022.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Madanapalle town view
| nicknames = Tomato Hub of Andhra Pradesh, Andhra ooty
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.55|N|78.50|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Annamayya district|Annamayya]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1618 AD
| founder = Yalagiri Ahobila Naidu
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipal Council
| governing_body = Madanapalle Municipality, [[Palamaner Kuppam Madanapalle Urban Development Authority|PKMUDA]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=municipality>{{cite web|title=Basic Information of Municipality|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Madanapalli/Basic_information_Municipality.html|website=Commissioner & Director of Municipal Administration|publisher=Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023062932/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Madanapalli/Basic_information_Municipality.html|archive-date=23 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 56.3
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 695
| population_total = 180180
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-andhrapradesh.php|title=Andhra Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=citypopulation.de}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 517 325,517326,517319
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91– 8571
| registration_plate = AP39, AP40
| website = {{URL|madanapalle.cdma.ap.gov.in/en}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Madanapalle''' is a City and District headquarters of [[Annamayya district]] of the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Madanapalle is headquarters of [[Madanapalle Mandal]], [[Madanapalle revenue division]] and [[Palamaner Kuppam Madanapalle Urban Development Authority|PKM Urban Development Authority]].<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook – Chittoor|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2823_PART_B_DCHB_CHITTOOR.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=28 August 2015|pages=19, 21, 58}}</ref><ref name=info>{{cite web|title=:: MADANAPALLE Municipality|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Madanapalli/|website=cdma.ap.gov.in|access-date=23 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012153713/http://cdma.ap.gov.in/Madanapalli/|archive-date=12 October 2015}}</ref>

== History ==

Madanapalle was founded by Sri Yalagiri Ahobila Naidu in 1618 [[AD]]. Kammas were said to be the first inhabitants of the town.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coleridge |first=Francis Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JelAAQAAMAAJ |title=A Brief History of Madanapalli |date=1911 |publisher=Wednesday Review Press |language=en}}</ref>

During the early British administration, [[Sir Thomas Munro]], the first Collector of [[Cuddapah]], played a significant role in the development of the town. He constructed a small thatched house at the present-day location of the Collector's bungalow and visited Madanapalle every summer. Munro's connection with the town is well documented, as he facilitated British control in the region during the early 19th century. Madanapalle and its surrounding areas were formally integrated into the British administration when the region came under their rule in 1800.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazetteer Of India Vol 16 |date=1908 |publisher=The Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=227 |edition=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-imperial-gazetteer-of-india-vol-16/page/226/mode/2up}}</ref>

In 1850, Madanapalle was developed as a subdivision under British India, with F.B. Manoly appointed as its first Sub-Collector. Over the years, the town faced several natural calamities, including floods, famines, and epidemics, which shaped its social and economic development.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1996-06-17 |title=Indian cyclone abates after killing more than 120 - India {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/india/indian-cyclone-abates-after-killing-more-120 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref>

Madanapalle is also linked to a significant moment in India's national history. In 1919, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] visited the town and stayed at the [[Besant Theosophical College]], where he translated the Indian national anthem, ''[[Jana Gana Mana]]'', from [[Bengali language|Bengali]] to English. Tagore also set it to western musical notations while in Madanapalle. Jana Gana Mana was originally written in 1911 and first sung at the [[Indian National Congress]] session in Calcutta on 27 December 1911.

== Geography ==
It is located at an average elevation of {{convert|695|m|ft|abbr=on}} above mean sea level.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Commissioner and Director of Municipal Administration |url=https://cdma.ap.gov.in/en/about-us-67 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=cdma.ap.gov.in}}</ref>

Madanapalle is located at {{Coord|13.55|N|78.50|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Madanapalle.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Madanapalle, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location= Madanapalle
|metric first= yes
|single line= yes
|temperature colour = pastel
|Jan high C= 27.3
|Feb high C= 30.2
|Mar high C= 33.4
|Apr high C= 34.9
|May high C= 35
|Jun high C= 32.1
|Jul high C= 30.2
|Aug high C= 30.1
|Sep high C= 29.9
|Oct high C= 28.6
|Nov high C= 26.8
|Dec high C= 25.7

|Jan low C= 15.5
|Feb low C= 16.8
|Mar low C= 19.4
|Apr low C= 22.2
|May low C= 23.6
|Jun low C= 22.8
|Jul low C= 21.8
|Aug low C= 21.8
|Sep low C= 21.2
|Oct low C= 20.2
|Nov low C= 17.8
|Dec low C= 15.6

|Jan precipitation mm= 4
|Feb precipitation mm= 2
|Mar precipitation mm= 3
|Apr precipitation mm= 28
|May precipitation mm= 61
|Jun precipitation mm= 51
|Jul precipitation mm= 81
|Aug precipitation mm= 73
|Sep precipitation mm= 111
|Oct precipitation mm= 143
|Nov precipitation mm= 54
|Dec precipitation mm= 32
|date=July 2014}}

Source : ''Climate<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madanapalle climate |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/24110/ |access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104214845/http://en.climate-data.org/location/24110/ |archive-date=4 November 2014}}</ref>''

Madanapalle has mild to warm summers with average high temperatures of {{cvt|30 to 35|C}}. Temperatures do not exceed {{cvt|40|C}} and winters are cold with temperatures between {{cvt|7 and 15|C}}. Usually summer lasts from March to June, with the advent of rainy season in June, followed by winter which lasts till the end of February.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], the town had a population of {{formatnum:180180}}. The total
population constitute, {{formatnum:90700}} males, {{formatnum:89480}} females and
{{formatnum:13448}} children, in the age group of 0–6 years. The average literacy rate stands at
81.40% with {{formatnum:99486}} literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter–3 (Literates and literacy rate) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-3.pdf|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>

==Governance==

===Civic administration===

The municipality was formed on 1 April 1961 and is spread over an area of {{convert|14.20|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=municipality /> There are 35 election wards represented by a councilor.<ref name=info /> Madanapalle urban agglomeration is spread over an area of {{convert|23.44|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=census/> Its constituents include the municipality of Madanapalle, the [[out growth]]s of Angallu, Eedigapalle, Ankisettipalle, Chippili, Pamaiahgaripalle, Papireddipalle, Venkappakota, Basinikonda, Kollabylu, Ponnetipalem and Madanapalle (rural).<ref>{{cite web|title=Name of Urban Agglomeration and its State constituent Units-2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/AP/Chapter_I.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=23 December 2015|page=11,22–23}}</ref>

===Politics===
Madanapalle is an [[Madanapalle (Assembly constituency)|Assembly constituency]] in Andhra Pradesh and the constituency number is 164 in [[Rajampet Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Economy ==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2021}}
The economy is based on agriculture and main products include tomato, mango, [[Peanut|groundnut]], [[tamarind]]. Madanapalle is the biggest tomato market in Asia.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/madanapalle-tomato-market-losing-its-sheen/article38379820.ece | title=Madanapalle tomato market losing its sheen? | newspaper=The Hindu | date=4 February 2022 }}</ref> The tomatoes from here are supplied to most of the southern states & some of the northern states of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=V. Pradeep |date=2018-07-02 |title=Tomato glut hits farmers hard |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-07-02/Tomato-glut-hits-farmers-hard/394305 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

It is also famous for silk and silk products like [[sari]]s and other casuals. The quality of silk product is recognizable. You can purchase silk sarees here at [[production cost]]. These are supplied to all major cities in [[South India]] including [[Bengaluru]], [[Chennai]] and all silk product towns for sales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traders expect Rs 30 crore business with rise in demand for Venkatagiri sarees |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/aug/08/traders-expect-rs-30-crore-business-with-rise-in-demand-for-venkatagiri-sarees-2485253.html |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=The New Indian Express |date=8 August 2022 }}</ref>

== Transport ==
Madanapalle is very well connected by road and rail. There are three Bus terminals in Madanapalle. State owned [[APSRTC]] buses run to different parts of the district, state and interstate – [[Bengaluru]] (KA), [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] (KA), [[Chintamani, Karnataka|Chintamani]] (KA) and [[Chennai]] (TN), [[Vellore ]](TN).

Madanapalle Road Railway Station (MPL) is situated on [[Dharmavarm - Pakala Branch line]] and all trains stop here.
Trains are available here to travel to [[Guntakal]], [[Tirupati]], [[Vijayawada]]. Daily trains are available from and to [[Guntakal]] & [[Tirupati]]. Other nearest Railway Station is Kurabalakota Railway Station where only Passenger trains stop. New [[Kadapa]] to [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]] via Madanapalle Railway line is under construction it [[Kadapa–Bangalore section]].In this project planned to Upgrade Madanapalle Road Railway station as Junction and one New Railway station to Madanapalle Town.

Three National Highways and One Major State Highway passes through Madanapalle.

[[National Highway 71 (India)|NH 71]] - Madanapalle to [[Naidupeta]] Via [[Pileru]]

[[National Highway 42 (India)|NH 42]] - [[Uravakonda]] to [[Krishnagiri]] Via [[Kuppam]]

[[National Highway 340 (India)|NH 340]] - [[Kadapa]] to [[Bangalore]].

===Airways===
The nearest airports are [[Kempegowda International Airport]] , [[Bengaluru]], which is {{convert|114|km}}, [[Tirupati International Airport]], which is {{convert|128|km}} & [[Kadapa Airport]] which is {{convert|131|km}} .

==Education==
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department |url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319051231/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=www.ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }}</ref> The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

Madanapalle has long standing educational institutions like [[Besant Theosophical College]], founded by Dr.[[Annie Besant]] in 1915. First Degree college in Rayalaseema Region and Rabindranath Tagore translated [[Jana Gana Mana]] from Bengali to English, Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the bard himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 1919 when Tagore visited the college and sung the song. The song enthralled the college students while [[Margaret Cousins]], then vice-principal of the college (also an expert in European music and wife of Irish poet James Cousins), both requested Tagore to create an English translation of the song and set down the musical notation to the national anthem which were provided by Tagore himself.<ref name="we two together">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/WeTwoTogether/page/n363/mode/2up|title=Home|year=1950 }}</ref>

[[Rishi Valley School]], a [[boarding school]], founded by the philosopher [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mits.ac.in/|title=Home|work=mits.ac.in|access-date=23 December 2013|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224035038/https://www.mits.ac.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal|title=India's Top-ranked Legacy Boarding.Schools|journal=EducationWorld|date=September 2013|page=138|url=http://www.careerindia.com/news/2013/09/10/educationworld-india-school-rankings-2013-006454.html|access-date=12 October 2013}}</ref> Under Management of Krishnamurthy Foundation of India

[[Zilla Parishad High School, Madanapalle]], which was founded in 1924, (ICSE, AP State Syllabus) which was founded in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veethi.com/schools-in-india/zilla-parishad-high-school-zphs-madanapalli-detail-16271.htm|title=Zilla Parishad High School (ZPHS) Madanapalli|work=veethi.com}}</ref>

It also has four engineering colleges and a Deemed-To-Be-University:

Deemed-To-Be-University:
*[[Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hindu |date=2025-07-16 |title=MITS granted 'deemed to be university' status - The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/mits-granted-deemed-to-be-university-status/article69815813.ece |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
Engineering Colleges:
{{Cleanup list|section|date=March 2026}}
*[[Viswam Engineering College]]<ref>{{|url=https://viswamengg.in/}}</ref>
*[[Aditya College of Engineering]]
*[[Golden Valley Integrated Campus]]
*[[Viswam Group of Institutions]]

Degree Colleges:
{{Cleanup list|section|date=March 2026}}
*[[Sri Srinivasa degree college]]
*[[Gnanambhika degree college]]
*[[Viswahita degree college]]
*[[Govt degree college]]
*[[Siddartha degree college]]
*[[Vivekanandha degree college]]

It also has some notable intermediate colleges like
{{Cleanup list|section|date=March 2026}}
*[[Krishna Reddy Siddhartha Junior College]]
*[[Venkata Reddy Siddhartha Junior College]]
*[[Government Girls College, Madanapalle]]
The government of Andhra Pradesh is planning to establish Government Medical College near Madanapalle and land acquisition has started.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2020-10-01 |title=Madanapalli to get government medical college |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/madanapalli-to-get-government-medical-college-648876 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Entertainment==
There were many cinema theatres. At this moment, theatres Sai Chitra, Ravi, Sunil, A.S.R, Sree Krishna, Siddartha, Mini Siddartha only operating.
Madhusudhana, Pancharatna, Avanthi, Usha, Jyothi, Mallikarjuna, Mini Mallikarjuna, Sesh Mahal, Bhavani, M.S.R.(Tarakarama) theatres closed or converted for other business purpose now.

==Member Of Legislative Members of Madanapalle (1952-present) ==

Madanapalle is an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh. [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative's]] (MLA) of MADANAPALLE from 1952 to till now
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!S.No
!Year
!Party name
!Name
!Ref
|-
|1
|1952
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|Dodda Seetharamaiah
|
|-
|2
|1955
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|T.G.K. Gupta
|
|-
|3
|1962
|[[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
|Dodda Seetharamaiah
|
|-
|4
|1967
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|A. Narasingarao
|
|-
|5
|1972
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|A. Narasingarao
|
|-
|6
|1978
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|G.V. Narayana Reddy
|
|-
|7
|1983
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|R. Narayana Reddy
|
|-
|8
|1985
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|R. Narayana Reddy
|
|-
|9
|1989
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|A. Mohan Reddy
|
|-
|10
|1994
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|R. Sagar Reddy
|
|-
|11
|1999
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|R. Shobha rani
|
|-
|12
|2004
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|Dommalapati Ramesh
|
|-
|13
|2009
|[[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|Mohammed Shahjahan Basha
|
|-
|14
|2014
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|Thippa Reddy
|
|-
|15
|2019
|[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
|Nawaj Bhasha
|
|-
|16
|2024
|[[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP)
|Mohammed Shahjahan Basha
|}

== Notable people ==


*[[Jiddu Krishnamurti]] - philosopher<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-29 |title=Get acquainted with J Krishnamurti |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/get-acquainted-with-j-krishnamurti-101643477889983.html |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Bindu Madhavi]] - Tamil film actress<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bindu Madhavi interview - Telugu Cinema interview - Telugu film actress |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/bindumadhavi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624012036/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/bindumadhavi.html |archive-date=2012-06-24 |access-date=2023-07-12 |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>
*[[Sri M]]adhukarnath - Yogi and spiritual teacher<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-12-28 |title='Spiritual evolution is individual' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/faith/spiritual-guide-and-educationist-sri-m-insists-mysticism-cannot-be-a-mass-phenomenon/article22317790.ece |access-date=2023-07-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
*[[Rama Prabha]]- actress {{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

== See also ==
* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population]]
* [[List of municipalities in Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Annamayya district}}
{{Municipalities of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{authority control}}
{{commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage}}

[[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh]]

Central Hindu School

2026-03-23T05:45:43Z

Nidanayurveda: Enhanced content and organization

{{More citations needed|date=December 2008}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Central Hindu School
| native_name = B.H.U.
| latin_name =
| image = File:CHBS BHU main Entrance.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Central Hindu School
| location = Kamachha, [[Varanasi]]
| city = Varanasi
| state = Uttar Pradesh
| county = India
| postal_code = 221010
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| religious_affiliation =
| affiliation = [[Banaras Hindu University]]
| founder = [[Annie Besant]]
| president =
| head_of_school =
| principal = Swati Aggarwal
| principal1 =
| principal2 =
| principal3 =
| staff =
| school_board = [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
| teaching_staff = 60-70 in Girls and 100-110 in [[Central Hindu Boys School|Boys School]]
| enrollment =
| classes_offered = 6 to 12th
| gender = Male and Female
| other_name = CHS
| former_name = Central Hindu College
| schooltype = Non Co-Ed
| age_range = Maximum 18 years for admission in XI as on 30 September
| language = Hindi, English, Sanskrit, Urdu
| classrooms = 101
| campus =
| campus_size = 70 acres
| campus_type = rectangular
| hours_in_day = 6
| slogan = vidyayaamritmashnute
| motto = Knowledge is vitality
| accreditation =
| nickname = CHS
| yearbook = Srijan
| publication = Banaras Hindu University Press
| established = 1898
| picture =
| website =
}}

'''Central Hindu School''', located in Kamachha at the heart of the sacred city [[Varanasi]], is one of [[India]]'s largest educational institutions. The school is affiliated with the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] and is overseen by [[Banaras Hindu University]] (since 1976). The institution was formerly known as '''Central Hindu College''', and its Senior High School program (11th standard) was previously called Pre University Course.

==History==
In July 1898, [[Annie Besant]], a renowned [[Freedom fighter (India)|freedom-fighter]], founded the school with Dr. Arthur Richardson, a science graduate from England, as its principal.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hYSakXJIxOMC&dq=%22Central+Hindu+College%22&pg=PA128 Central Hindu College] ''The white woman's other burden: Western women and South Asia during British colonial rule'', by Kumari Jayawardena. Routledge, 1995. {{ISBN|0-415-91105-2}}. ''Page 128-129''.</ref> The school was later dedicated to Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya by Besant, and eventually became the nucleus of Banaras Hindu University when it was established in 1916. The administration of the school now falls under the responsibility of the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annie Besant {{!}} British social reformer |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Annie-Besant |access-date=2019-12-14 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> The ruler of the Indian Princely State of Benares State, Prabhu Narayan Singh, played a key role in setting up the school and donated land for its establishment.

Initially, the school offered undergraduate classes and operated as a loaner for Banaras Hindu University, which was still under construction. The Central Hindu College, as it was known then, was handed over to the Hindu University Society on 27 November 1915, and it became a constituent college of the newly-formed university through a government notification in October 1917.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uBSEJznCfJkC&dq=%22Central+Hindu+College%22&pg=RA1-PA479 Brief History of Central Hindu College, Banaras Hindu University] ''Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Correspondence and Select Documents'', by [[Rajendra Prasad]], Valmiki Choudhary. Allied Publishers, 1984. {{ISBN|81-7023-002-0}}. ''Page 479''.</ref> The [[Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library]], which is now the Central Library of BHU, was first housed in the Telang Library of the College in 1917.<ref name="ch">{{cite web |date=3 March 2009 |title=Banaras Hindu University, Central Library (Varanasi, India) |url=https://coral.uchicago.edu:8443/display/lasa/Banaras+Hindu+University,+Central+Library+%28Varanasi,+India%29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309115243/https://coral.uchicago.edu:8443/display/lasa/Banaras+Hindu+University%2C+Central+Library+%28Varanasi%2C+India%29 |archive-date=9 March 2012 |access-date=5 March 2011 |publisher=[[University of Chicago]]}}</ref>

In 1917, [[George Arundale]], a [[Theosophy|Theosophist]], joined the school as a history teacher and eventually became its head. CHBS is one of the oldest schools in Varanasi and has the longest playground in the [[Purvanchal]] region, where many colleges in Varanasi hold football tournaments. It also has the Sarga Hall, which is one of the longest halls, and a historical library established in 1912 known as the Kashinath Traimbak Telang Library. The library holds over 30,000 valuable books, including encyclopedias, novels, and old books on various subjects, in addition to numerous magazines, newspapers, and digests. To promote mathematics and science, the school has been organizing the [[Srinivasa Ramanujan|Ramanujan]] Memorial Mathematics Contest and the Sir [[C. V. Raman]] Science Quiz since 1988.

==Campus==
The school campus covers an area of 70 acres and encompasses the school, hostel, and a range of facilities such as laboratories for physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science, psychology, fine art, German language, French, Italian, artificial intelligence, coding, programming, Python, C++, Java and also include an agricultural sector. The campus also has a gym and a library, and over 50 classrooms, as well as several halls. Sporting facilities include a football field, cricket field, basketball court, and tennis courts. The school hosts an annual inter-school football competition, which is a major sporting event held on the school grounds.

==Cultural programs==
The school also organizes cultural programs at a grand level, such as [[Krishna Janmashtami|Krishna Janmastami]] and the anniversary of Annie Besant (October 1), among others. Additionally, an annual day celebration is held at the school.

==Reservation==
According to the BHU EC resolution dated March 29/30, 1996, the following reservations will be granted for admissions in the seats available for admission in various classes, after seats have been allotted to internal students:
* 15% seats are reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Schedule Caste]] candidates.
* 7.5% seats are reserved for Schedule Tribe candidates.
* 27% seats are reserved for Other Backward class candidates.
* 5% seats are reserved for [[Disability|physically challenged]] physically challenged candidates, as per disability act 32(1) 2016
* 50% seats available for admission shall be provided to the sons and daughters of permanent employees of BHU, subject to securing a minimum of 33% marks in Entrance Test.

==Publications==
* {{cite book| title = Sanatana Dharma: an advanced text book of Hindu religion and Ethics|publisher=Central Hindu College, Benaras|year=1904| url = https://archive.org/stream/sanatanadharmaad00benaiala#page/n3/mode/2up }}

==Noted alumni==
{{alumni|date=February 2023}}
* [[Jayant Vishnu Narlikar]]: Indian Astrophysicist<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-21 |title=Jayant Narlikar educational qualifications: The Indian astrophysicist who went from Varanasi to Cambridge and beyond the Big Bang |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/jayant-narlikar-educational-qualifications-the-indian-astrophysicist-who-went-from-varanasi-to-cambridge-and-beyond-the-big-bang/articleshow/121306077.cms |access-date=2025-06-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Kumar Singh |first=Sunil |url=https://aaebhu.in/History%20of%20Kamachha%20Campus%20of%20Banaras%20Hindu%20University.pdf |title=History of Kamachha Campus of Banaras Hindu University |publisher=Self Published |year=2020 |isbn=978-93-5408-335-8 |edition=1st |location=Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[K. N. Govindacharya]]: social and political [[activism|activist]]<ref name=":0" />
* [[Kamalapati Tripathi]]: writer, journalist, editor, [[List of Indian independence activists|freedom-fighter]], Politician, [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Union Minister for Railways]].<ref name=":0" />
* [[Kaushalendra Singh]]: Mayor of Varanasi
* [[Sri Prakasa]]: politician, [[List of Indian independence activists|freedom-fighter]], governor & administrator. India's first [[High Commissioner]] to [[Pakistan]].<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Central Hindu Girls School]]
* [[Central Hindu Boys School]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=uBSEJznCfJkC&dq=%22Central+Hindu+College%22&pg=RA1-PA479 Brief History of Central Hindu College, Banaras Hindu University] ''Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Correspondence and Select Documents'', by [[Rajendra Prasad]], Valmiki Choudhary. Allied Publishers, 1984. {{ISBN|81-7023-002-0}}. ''Page 479'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210015601/http://www.bhu.ac.in/school/index.html].

==External links==
* Admission opens at [https://archive.today/20130629143940/http://www.kashibanarasvaranasi.com/central-hindu-school Central Hindu School] Varanasi.
* [http://www.pbase.com/ttajmahal/central_hindu_college Central Hindu College, Varanasi]

{{Banaras Hindu University}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Schools in Varanasi]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1898]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in India]]

Nidhhi Agerwal

2026-03-06T14:19:01Z

Nidanayurveda: expanded content

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nidhhi Agerwal
| image = Nidhhi Agerwal grace the GQ Best Dressed Awards 2018 (10) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Nidhhi Agerwal grace the GQ Best Dressed Awards
| birth_date = 17 August 1992/1993
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| alma_mater = [[Christ University]], [[Bengaluru]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}}
| yearsactive = 2017 - present
}}

'''Nidhhi Agerwal''' is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. After participating in [[Miss Diva 2014|Miss Diva Universe 2014]], Agerwal made her acting debut with the Hindi film ''[[Munna Michael]]'' (2017), for which she received [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut]].<ref name="deccanchronicle">{{Cite news |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/150816/tiger-shroffs-heroine-for-munna-michael-has-been-confirmed.html |title=Confirmed! Tiger Shroff to romance Nidhhi Agerwal in Munna Michael |date=15 August 2016 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801180739/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/150816/tiger-shroffs-heroine-for-munna-michael-has-been-confirmed.html |archive-date=1 August 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/munna-michael-starring-tiger-shroff-nawazuddin-siddiqui-to-release-on-21-july-3396758.html |title=Munna Michael starring Tiger Shroff, Nawazuddin Siddiqui to release on 21 July |date=21 April 2017 |work=[[Firstpost]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503230713/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/munna-michael-starring-tiger-shroff-nawazuddin-siddiqui-to-release-on-21-july-3396758.html |archive-date=3 May 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Agerwal made her Telugu debut with ''[[Savyasachi (2018 film)|Savyasachi]]'' (2018) and Tamil debut with ''[[Eeswaran]]'' (2021). For the former, she received [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut (Telugu)|SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut - Telugu]] nominations. She has been part of successful films including ''[[iSmart Shankar]]'' (2019) and ''[[Kalaga Thalaivan]]'' (2022).<ref name="budding star">{{cite news |date=8 November 2017 |title=Nidhhi Agerwal: Steamy pictures of the budding star |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/nidhhi-agerwal-steamy-pictures-of-the-budding-star/beauty-in-blue/photostory/61560747.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927115909/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-feature/nidhhi-agerwal-steamy-pictures-of-the-budding-star/beauty-in-blue/photostory/61560747.cms |archive-date=27 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Agerwal was born in [[Hyderabad]] and was brought up in [[Bengaluru]]. Born into a [[Hindi]]-speaking [[Marwari people|Marwari]] family, she can understand as well as speak [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Kannada]].<ref>{{Cite news |first=Elina Priyadarshini |last=Nayak |date=16 November 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-i-am-a-tollywood-buff-who-grew-up-watching-telugu-films-dubbed-in-hindi/articleshow/61660243.cms |title=Nidhhi Agerwal: I am a Tollywood buff who grew up watching Telugu films dubbed in Hindi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518121503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-i-am-a-tollywood-buff-who-grew-up-watching-telugu-films-dubbed-in-hindi/articleshow/61660243.cms |archive-date=18 May 2019 |work=The Times of India |access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> Her birth year is reported inconsistently as either 1992<ref>{{cite web|date=18 August 2021|title=Nidhhi Agerwal spends time in an old-age home on her birthday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-spends-time-in-an-old-age-home-on-her-birthday/articleshow/85424453.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212151420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-spends-time-in-an-old-age-home-on-her-birthday/articleshow/85424453.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="deccanchronicle" /> or 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2018|title=A stunning affair of mesh and sheer – Nidhhi Agerwal reveals it all at the GQ Best Dressed 2018 party!|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/stunning-affair-mesh-sheer-nidhhi-agerwal-reveals-gq-best-dressed-2018-party/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530093408/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/stunning-affair-mesh-sheer-nidhhi-agerwal-reveals-gq-best-dressed-2018-party/|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 May 2018|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 January 2020|title=Video Alert! Nidhhi Agerwal welcomes 2020 by gifting herself a swanky car|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/video-alert-nidhhi-agerwal-welcomes-2020-by-gifting-herself-a-swanky-car/articleshow/73124973.cms|access-date=16 February 2022|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216233338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/video-alert-nidhhi-agerwal-welcomes-2020-by-gifting-herself-a-swanky-car/articleshow/73124973.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

Agerwal did her schooling at [[Vidyashilp Academy]] in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nidhhi Agerwal Awards: Achievements & Honors |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/nidhhi-agerwal/awards/ |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She then completed her graduation in [[Business Management]] from [[Christ University]], [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/miss-diva-contestants/2014/Nidhhi-Agerwal/profile/42481675.cms |title=Nidhhi Agerwal |website=[[Times Internet|The Times of India]] |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606132701/http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-diva/miss-diva-contestants/2014/Nidhhi-Agerwal/profile/42481675.cms |archive-date=6 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/Tiger-Shroff-to-romance-Nidhhi-Agerwal-in-Munna-Michael/eventshow/53797004.cms |title=Tiger Shroff to romance Nidhhi Agerwal in Munna Michael |date=21 August 2016 |work=[[Times Internet|The Times of India]] |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902030831/http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/Tiger-Shroff-to-romance-Nidhhi-Agerwal-in-Munna-Michael/eventshow/53797004.cms |archive-date=2 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> She is well trained in [[ballet]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/I-always-wanted-to-be-an-actor-Nidhhi-Agerwal/I-always-wanted-to-be-an-actor-Nidhhi-Agerwal/eventshow/54998665.cms |title=I always wanted to be an actor - Nidhhi Agerwal |date=22 October 2016 |work=[[Times Internet|The Times of India]] |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902032343/http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/I-always-wanted-to-be-an-actor-Nidhhi-Agerwal/I-always-wanted-to-be-an-actor-Nidhhi-Agerwal/eventshow/54998665.cms |archive-date=2 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2016, director [[Sabbir Khan]] confirmed that Agerwal was signed as the lead in his film ''[[Munna Michael]]'', alongside [[Tiger Shroff]]. She was chosen from among 300 candidates. Agerwal was also asked to sign a ''no-dating clause'' till completion of the film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/tiger-shroffs-munna-michael-co-star-niddhi-agerwal-made-to-sign-no-dating-clause-1470855 |title=Tiger Shroff's Munna Michael Co-Star Niddhi Agerwal Made To Sign No Dating Clause! |date=6 October 2016 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521054334/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/tiger-shroffs-munna-michael-co-star-niddhi-agerwal-made-to-sign-no-dating-clause-1470855 |archive-date=21 May 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> She made her acting debut with the film, which received mixed to negative reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Actress-Nidhhi-Agerwal-okay-with-no-dating-clause/articleshow/54733603.cms |title=Actress Nidhhi Agerwal okay with no dating clause |date=29 January 2017 |work=[[Times Internet|The Times of India]] |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131234842/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Actress-Nidhhi-Agerwal-okay-with-no-dating-clause/articleshow/54733603.cms |archive-date=31 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Agerwal made her Telugu film debut in 2018 alongside [[Naga Chaitanya]], with the film ''[[Savyasachi (2018 film)|Savyasachi]]''. It did not perform well at the box-office.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nyaypati |first=Neeshita |date=3 November 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/savyasachi-box-office-collections-naga-chaitanya-and-madhavans-film-has-a-decent-opening/articleshow/66485400.cms |title='Savyasachi' box office collections: Naga Chaitanya and Madhavan's film has a decent opening |work=The Times of India |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> She had two releases in 2019. ''[[Mr. Majnu]]'' with [[Akhil Akkineni]] was unsuccessful at the box-office<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nadadhur |first1=Srivathsan |title=Mr Majnu Review {3/5}: Akhil comes into his own as an actor and steals the show as the casanova who goes through a heartbreak |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mr-majnu/movie-review/67685347.cms |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=25 January 2019}}</ref> whereas ''[[iSmart Shankar]]'' alongside [[Ram Pothineni]] was a commercial success running for more than 100 days at the box office.<ref name="100days">{{Cite news|title=iSmart Shankar completes 100 days; Ram, Puri and Charmme reminisce the success|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ismart-shankar-completes-100-days-ram-puri-and-charmme-reminisce-the-success/articleshow/71754273.cms|access-date=11 June 2020|work=The Times of India|date=25 October 2019|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111003227/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ismart-shankar-completes-100-days-ram-puri-and-charmme-reminisce-the-success/articleshow/71754273.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, Agerwal appeared in two music videos, ''Unglich Ring Daal De'' sung by [[Jyotica Tangri]] and ''AAHO! Mittran Di Yes Hai'' with [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]].

In 2021, she made her Tamil debut opposite [[Silambarasan]] in ''[[Eeswaran]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=14 January 2021 |title='Eeswaran' movie review: A predictable rural subject that goes nowhere |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/eeswaran-movie-review-a-predictable-rural-subject-that-goes-nowhere/article33574757.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |access-date=14 January 2021 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085425/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/eeswaran-movie-review-a-predictable-rural-subject-that-goes-nowhere/article33574757.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews and was an average success. Her next film, ''[[Bhoomi (2021 film)|Bhoomi]]'' with [[Jayam Ravi]] released the same year. It received negative reviews.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhoomi trailer: Jayam Ravi starrer social thriller looks compelling |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/bhoomi-trailer-jayam-ravi-starrer-social-thriller-looks-compelling-7120930/ |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=27 December 2020 |language=en |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109052919/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/bhoomi-trailer-jayam-ravi-starrer-social-thriller-looks-compelling-7120930/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She also appeared opposite [[Sonu Sood]] in [[Altaf Raja]]'s recreation of ''Saath Kya Nibhaoge'' song. In 2022, she appeared ''[[Hero (2022 Indian film)|Hero]]'' alongside debutant Ashok Galla. The film received mixed reviews from the critics and audiences as well.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 January 2022|title=Hero Movie Review: A reasonably enjoyable madcap comedy that comes with a twist|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/hero-movie-review-reasonably-enjoyable-madcap-comedy-comes-twist-995291|access-date=2 May 2022|website=Pinkvilla|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115151806/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/hero-movie-review-reasonably-enjoyable-madcap-comedy-comes-twist-995291|url-status=dead}}</ref> She also appeared alongside [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] in [[Magizh Thirumeni]]'s action-thriller film [[Kalaga Thalaivan]], which received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lakshmi|first=V|date=6 November 2020|title=Nidhhi Agerwal start shooting for Udhayanidhi Stalin's film with Magizh Thirumeni|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-to-join-udhayanidhi-stalins-film-from-next-week/articleshow/79084009.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=30 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430155221/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwal-to-join-udhayanidhi-stalins-film-from-next-week/articleshow/79084009.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She was next seen as Panchami in ''[[Hari Hara Veera Mallu]],'' that was released in July 2025. It became a box office bomb.<ref name="iebudget">{{cite news |title=Hari Hara Veeramallu: Nidhhi Agerwal becomes Panchami for Pawan Kalyan-starrer |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/hari-hara-veeramallu-nidhhi-agerwal-becomes-panchami-for-pawan-kalyan-starrer-7457983/ |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=17 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817121349/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/hari-hara-veeramallu-nidhhi-agerwal-becomes-panchami-for-pawan-kalyan-starrer-7457983/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nidhhi Agerwal reports online harassment: Telugu actress files cybercrime complaint against over death threats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/nidhhi-agerwal-reports-online-harassment-telugu-actress-files-cybercrime-complaint-against-over-death-threats/articleshow/117093172.cms?from=mdr |work=The Economic Times |date=9 January 2025 |access-date=10 January 2025 |archive-date=11 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111043928/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/nidhhi-agerwal-reports-online-harassment-telugu-actress-files-cybercrime-complaint-against-over-death-threats/articleshow/117093172.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Hari Hara Veera Mallu' OTT release: Pawan Kalyan-Bobby Deol starrer period action drama now streaming online - Find out where to watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hari-hara-veera-mallu-ott-release-pawan-kalyan-bobby-deol-starrer-period-action-drama-now-streaming-online-find-out-where-to-watch/articleshow/123397795.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=20 August 2025 |access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref>

== In the media ==
Agerwal has featured various times on [[The Times of India|Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Woman]] list. She was placed 11th in 2019,<ref>{{cite news |title=Gosh! these divas are oh so oomph |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gosh-these-divas-are-oh-so-oomph/articleshow/74655536.cms |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=17 March 2020 |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318121617/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gosh-these-divas-are-oh-so-oomph/articleshow/74655536.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and 8th in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Women 2020: Behold, the divas who ooze desirability|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hyderabad-times-most-desirable-women-2020-behold-the-divas-who-ooze-desirability/articleshow/83175421.cms|access-date=2 May 2022|work=The Times of India|date=3 June 2021|archive-date=14 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714083246/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hyderabad-times-most-desirable-women-2020-behold-the-divas-who-ooze-desirability/articleshow/83175421.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> She is an active celebrity endorser for several brands and products. In 2019, she rejected a fairness cream endorsement.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jeyya|first=Siby|date=8 February 2019|url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/287546/Nidhi-Agarwal-will-never-endorse-That-|title=Nidhi Agarwal will never endorse fairness cream; rejects an offer|work=India Herald|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304142743/https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/287546/Nidhi-Agarwal-will-never-endorse-That-|url-status=live}}</ref> Agerwal has also been part of [[Kalyan Jewellers]] multilingual ad.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Katrina Kaif shares behind-the-scenes pictures from jewellery ad shoot with Regina Cassandra, Nidhhi Agerwal, Manju Warrier and Reba Monica John|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/katrina-kaif-shares-behind-the-scenes-pictures-from-jewellery-ad-shoot-with-regina-cassandra-nidhhi-agerwal-manju-warrier-and-reba-john/|access-date=2 May 2022|work=Bollywood Hungama|date=18 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502065030/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/katrina-kaif-shares-behind-the-scenes-pictures-from-jewellery-ad-shoot-with-regina-cassandra-nidhhi-agerwal-manju-warrier-and-reba-john/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Nidhhi Agerwal film credits
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! scope="col"| Language
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2017
| ''[[Munna Michael]]''
| Deepika Sharma "Dolly"
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nidhhi-agerwal-passed-four-rounds-of-audition-to-bag-munna-michael/articleshow/59595061.cms |title=Nidhhi Agerwal passed four rounds of audition to bag 'Munna Michael'. |website=The Times of India |date=15 July 2017 |access-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722043509/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/nidhhi-agerwal-passed-four-rounds-of-audition-to-bag-munna-michael/articleshow/59595061.cms |archive-date=22 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Savyasachi (2018 film)|Savyasachi]]''
| Chitra
|rowspan=3|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwals-role-in-savyasachi-is-far-from-glamorous/articleshow/61782972.cms |title=Nidhhi Agerwal's role in 'Savyasachi' is far from glamorous. |website=The Times of India |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213193858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwals-role-in-savyasachi-is-far-from-glamorous/articleshow/61782972.cms |archive-date=13 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Mr. Majnu]]''
| Nikitha "Nikki"
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=R |first1=Manoj Kumar |title=Mr Majnu movie review: This Akhil Akkineni film is watchable |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mr-majnu-movie-review-rating-akhil-akkineni-5555076/ |access-date=16 February 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=26 January 2019 |language=en |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403114313/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/mr-majnu-movie-review-rating-akhil-akkineni-5555076/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[iSmart Shankar]]''
| Dr. Sarah
|
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/nidhhi-agerwal-to-play-a-scientist-in-puri-jagannadhs-next/articleshow/68256615.cms |title=Nidhhi Agerwal to play a scientist in Puri Jagannadh's next. |website=The Times of India |date=5 March 2018 |access-date=17 November 2019 |archive-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329090846/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/nidhhi-agerwal-to-play-a-scientist-in-puri-jagannadhs-next/articleshow/68256615.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| ''[[Eeswaran]]''
| Poongodi
|rowspan=2|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
| <ref>{{cite news |title=STR's next with Susienthiran titled Eeswaran; first look out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/strs-next-with-susienthiran-titled-eeswaran-first-look-out/articleshow/78868428.cms |access-date=26 October 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=26 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112120158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/strs-next-with-susienthiran-titled-eeswaran-first-look-out/articleshow/78868428.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bhoomi (2021 film)|Bhoomi]]''
| Shakthi
|
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Jayam Ravi's 'Bhoomi' to premiere for Pongal 2021 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayam-ravi-s-bhoomi-premiere-pongal-2021-137566%3famp |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=The News Minute |date=13 November 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109212444/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jayam-ravis-25th-film-bhoomi-release-may-1-120115 |archive-date=9 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| ''[[Hero (2022 Indian film)|Hero]]''
|Subhadra "Subbu" Sripati
|Telugu
|
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Nidhhi Agerwal's birthday poster from her next film with Ashok Galla released |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwals-birthday-poster-from-her-next-film-with-ashok-galla-released/articleshow/77586006.cms |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=17 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217221202/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nidhhi-agerwals-birthday-poster-from-her-next-film-with-ashok-galla-released/articleshow/77586006.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalaga Thalaivan]]''
|Maithili
|Tamil
|
| <ref>{{cite news |title=Udhayanidhi Stalin begins shooting for his film with Magizh Thirumeni |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/udhayanidhi-stalin-begins-shooting-for-his-film-with-magizh-thirumeni/articleshow/79603300.cms |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=7 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Hari Hara Veera Mallu]]''
| Panchami
| rowspan=2|Telugu
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 2021 |title='Hari Hara Veera Mallu': Pawan Kalyan looks flamboyant as a heroic outlaw |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hari-hara-veera-mallu-pawan-kalyan-looks-flamboyant-as-a-heroic-outlaw/articleshow/81450766.cms |access-date=11 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=17 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317191930/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hari-hara-veera-mallu-pawan-kalyan-looks-flamboyant-as-a-heroic-outlaw/articleshow/81450766.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2026
|''[[The RajaSaab]]''
| Bessy
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Sanghamitra |date=15 January 2024 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/prabhas-to-headline-horror-film-the-raja-saab-unveils-first-look-poster-on-pongal/cid/1993858 |title=Prabhas to headline horror film The Raja Saab, unveils first-look poster on Pongal |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-date=18 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118121859/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/prabhas-to-headline-horror-film-the-raja-saab-unveils-first-look-poster-on-pongal/cid/1993858 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Nidhhi Agerwal music video credits
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Singer(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|''Unglich Ring Daal De''
|[[Jyotica Tangri]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Unglich Ring Daal De starring Nidhhi Agerwal, sung by Jyotica Tangri is out now|date=29 January 2019|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_gE18bs4KlA&ved=2ahUKEwjNmv-sn8D3AhWPTWwGHVzcB2sQtwJ6BAg0EAI&usg=AOvVaw3L4N4wKTUSGzSkAY97XEV2|via=YouTube|access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''AAHO! Mittran Di Yes Hai''
|[[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aaho channel's theme song 'AAHO! Mittran Di Yes Hai', featuring Badshah and Nidhhi Agerwal released|date=20 October 2019|work=Chandigarh City News|url=https://www.chandigarhcitynews.com/aaho-channels-theme-song-aaho-mittran-di-yes-hai-released/?amp=1|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=26 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126210018/https://www.chandigarhcitynews.com/aaho-channels-theme-song-aaho-mittran-di-yes-hai-released/?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Saath Kya Nibhaoge''
|[[Altaf Raja]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Prerna |title=Saath Kya Nibhaoge song: Sonu Sood, Niddhi Agerwal's chemistry stuns audience {{!}} WATCH {{!}} Music News – India TV |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/music/saath-kya-nibhaoge-song-sonu-sood-niddhi-agerwal-s-chemistry-stuns-audience-watch-725406 |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=India TV News |date=9 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502070632/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/music/saath-kya-nibhaoge-song-sonu-sood-niddhi-agerwal-s-chemistry-stuns-audience-watch-725406 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of awards and nominations received by Nidhhi Agerwal
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2017
| [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
| ''[[Munna Michael]]''
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2018-sridevi-varun-dhawan-win-top-acting-honours-golmaal-again-gets-best-film-4267373.html |title=Zee Cine Awards 2018: Sridevi, Varun Dhawan win top acting honours; Golmaal Again gets best film |website=Firstpost |date=20 December 2017 |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104044344/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2018-sridevi-varun-dhawan-win-top-acting-honours-golmaal-again-gets-best-film-4267373.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2019
| [[SIIMA Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut (Telugu)|Best Female Debut - Telugu]]
| [[Savyasachi (2018 film)|''Savyasachi'']]
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395 |title=SIIMA 2019 nominations list out: Who among Kiara Advani, Srinidhi Shetty and Nidhhi Agerwal will claim best debut award? |website=DNA India |date=30 July 2019 |access-date=17 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117103839/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395 |archive-date=17 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

'''Other Honours'''
* [[Miss Diva 2014|Yamaha Fascino Miss Diva 2014]] - Finalist<ref name="budding star"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMDb name}}
*{{Twitter}}

{{Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agerwal, Nidhhi}}
[[Category:1990s births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Marwari people]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Christ University alumni]]
[[Category:Actresses from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]

Kaavya Arivumani

2026-02-27T20:00:35Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kaavya Arivumani
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 02/04/1998

| birth_place = [[Ambur, Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2019–present
| mother =
| father =
| relatives =
}}

'''Kaavya Arivumani''' professionally known as '''Kaavya''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language television and films. She is well known for her role as Mullai in the soap opera ''[[Pandian Stores]]'' which air on [[Star Vijay]]. She also acted in the film ''[[Miral (2022 film)|Miral]]'' (2022) which marked her debut into cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |title=കാവ്യ അറിവുമണി {{!}} Kaavya Arivumani |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2022/10/03/actress-kaavya-arivumani-stunning-pictures.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085028/https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2022/10/03/actress-kaavya-arivumani-stunning-pictures.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2019, Kaavya started her career in ''Bharathi Kannamma'' serial as Kaavyaa, Soundarya's niece.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-24 |title=Kaavya Arivumani (aka) Kavya Arivumani photos stills & images |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actress/kaavya-arivumani/kaavya-arivumani-photos-pictures-stills-369.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Behindwoods |archive-date=2022-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824154258/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-actress/kaavya-arivumani/kaavya-arivumani-photos-pictures-stills-369.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘பை… பை..! பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ்’ விடை கொடுக்கும் புதிய முல்லை காவியா? |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/actress-kaavya-arivumani-says-bye-bye-to-pandian-stores-serial-357705/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Indian Express Tamil |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085029/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/actress-kaavya-arivumani-says-bye-bye-to-pandian-stores-serial-357705/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One year later, Kaavya had replaced Mullai in Serial Pandian Stores (replacement of [[V. J. Chitra]] after her demise in December 2020). Kaavya had started her first innings with film with Bharath movie named ''[[Miral (2022 film)|Miral]]'' (2022) produced by Axess film factory. Kaavya got an opportunity working with director Arun Karthik in the movie ''Ripubury'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |title=பிரபல நடிகருக்கு ஜோடியாகும் பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் முல்லை?; அதிகாரப்பூர்வ தகவல் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2022/jan/24/pandian-stores-kaavya-arivumani-to-act-in-ripubary-3779392.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Dinamani |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085031/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2022/jan/24/pandian-stores-kaavya-arivumani-to-act-in-ripubary-3779392.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=காயத்ரி |first=வெ வித்யா |title=``உங்களுக்கு ஒரு ஆச்சர்யம் காத்திருக்கு!"- மனம் திறக்கும் `பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ்' காவ்யா Exclusive |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/celebrity/pandian-stores-actress-kaavya-talks-about-her-professional-life |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085029/https://cinema.vikatan.com/celebrity/pandian-stores-actress-kaavya-talks-about-her-professional-life |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=കാവ്യ അറിവുമണി {{!}} Kaavya Arivumani |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2022/10/03/actress-kaavya-arivumani-stunning-pictures.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=www.manoramaonline.com |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085028/https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2022/10/03/actress-kaavya-arivumani-stunning-pictures.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Is Pandian Stores' New Mullai Leaving the Serial Soon? |url=https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/pandian-stores-new-mullai-leaving-serial-soon-227518 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=astroulagam.com.my |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085035/https://astroulagam.com.my/entertainment/pandian-stores-new-mullai-leaving-serial-soon-227518 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ganesh.perumal |title=பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் சீரியலில் இருந்து திடீரென விலகுவதாக அறிவித்த காவ்யா... அடுத்த முல்லை யார் தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/television/kaavya-arivumani-quit-from-pandian-stores-serial-next-mullai-character-also-revealed-rjmfsw |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085401/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/television/kaavya-arivumani-quit-from-pandian-stores-serial-next-mullai-character-also-revealed-rjmfsw |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-19 |title=Kaavya Arivumani: ஆர்க்கிடெக்ட்டான பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் முல்லை! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/television-pandian-stores-mullai-kaavya-arivumani-becomes-architect-804757.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=News18 Tamil |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085409/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/television-pandian-stores-mullai-kaavya-arivumani-becomes-architect-804757.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
|-
|2022||''[[Miral (2022 film)|Miral]]''||Hema
|-
|2023||''[[Ripupbury]]''|| Bharathi
|-
|2025||''[[Niram Marum Ulagil]]'' ||Malar
|-
|}

== Serial ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of performances and appearances on television
!Year
!Serial
!Characters
!Note
|-
|2019–2020
|''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]''
|Kaavya
|-
|2020–2022
|''[[Pandian Stores]]''
|rowspan="3"|Mullai
| Replacement of [[V. J. Chitra]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=பிரபல நடிகருக்கு ஜோடியாகும் பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் முல்லை?; அதிகாரப்பூர்வ தகவல் |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2022/jan/24/pandian-stores-kaavya-arivumani-to-act-in-ripubary-3779392.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Dinamani |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085031/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2022/jan/24/pandian-stores-kaavya-arivumani-to-act-in-ripubary-3779392.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaavya Arivumani to play late actress Chitra's reel character Mullai in Pandian Stores |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kaavya-arivumani-to-play-late-actress-chitras-reel-character-mullai-in-pandian-stores/articleshow/79839027.cms |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085028/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/kaavya-arivumani-to-play-late-actress-chitras-reel-character-mullai-in-pandian-stores/articleshow/79839027.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-15 |title=புது முல்லை வந்தாச்சு: பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் ராசிக்காரர்கள் ஹேப்பி |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/lavanya-replaced-kaavya-arivumani-in-pandian-stores-serial-from-today-414998 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil |language=ta |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109085359/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/lavanya-replaced-kaavya-arivumani-in-pandian-stores-serial-from-today-414998 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021–2022
|''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]''
|rowspan="2"|Special appearance
|-
|2021
|''[[Thamizhum Saraswathiyum]]''
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]

Mesbah Uddin Ahmed

2026-02-09T08:55:26Z

Nidanayurveda: quick fixed intro for clarity and corrected details per standard format

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mesbah Uddin Ahmed
| office = Member of Bangladesh Parliament
| term_start = 1988
| term_end = 1986
| predecessor = [[Syed Monjur Hossain]]
| successor = Mesbah Uddin Ahmed
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)]]
| termend2 = 1990
| termstart2 = 1988
| predecessor2 = Mesbah Uddin Ahmed
| successor2 = [[Kabir Hossain]]
}}
'''Mesbah Uddin Ahmed''' ({{Langx|bn|মেসবাহ উদ্দিন আহমেদ}}) is a [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)]] politician, former member of parliament for [[Rajshahi-2]], and former mayor of Rajshahi City Corporation.

==Career==
Ahmed was elected to parliament from Rajshahi-2 constituency as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1986.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of 3rd Parliament Members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/3rd.pdf |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=9 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918080059/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/3rd.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2018}}</ref> He was re-elected in 1988.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of 4th Parliament Members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/4th.pdf |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=9 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708101931/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/4th.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Mesbah Uddin}}
[[Category:Jatiya Party (Ershad) politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:3rd Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:4th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Rajshahi District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Rajshahi Division]]

{{JatiyaParty-politician-stub}}

Badi tehsil

2026-02-06T13:58:02Z

Nidanayurveda: Made new details - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Badi tehsil
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
| image =

|pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|coordinates = {{coord|23.036667|N|78.084167|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = 
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raisen district]]
|government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Janpad Panchayat]]
|governing_body = [[Council]]

|area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
|area_rural_footnotes =
| area_rural_km2 =
|area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
|area_note =
|width_mi =
|elevation_min_rank =

|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_total =

| population_density_km2 =
|population_density_sq_mi=
|population_urban_footnotes =
|population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_rural_footnotes =
|population_rural =
| population_density_rural_km2 =
|population_density_rural_sq_mi =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30

|postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)
|postal_code =
|area_code_type = 
|area_code =
| geocode =
|registration_plate =

| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =

| website = 
|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Badi tehsil''' is a tehsil in Raisen district,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2022-07-10|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Madhya Pradesh, India. It is also a subdivision of the administrative and revenue division of [[raisen district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].

==Demographics==

{{Empty section|date=November 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Raisen district]]

{{Bhopal-geo-stub}}

Valook Weir

2026-01-31T13:27:36Z

Nidanayurveda: creating initial stub basic info

{{Short description|Diversion dam in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}

'''Valook Weir''' is a small diversion dam constructed across [[Kavadippuzha]] in [[Narippatta Grama Panchayat|Naripatta]] panchayath of [[Kozhikode district]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is one of the two weirs of Vilangad SHEP. It is located 85 km away from [[Kozhikode|Kozhikode town]]. It is a run- off the river scheme utilizing water of [[Vaniyampuzha]] and Kavadipuzha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diversion Structures in Kozhikode District – KSEB Limited Dam Safety Organisation|url=https://dams.kseb.in/?p=180|access-date=2021-07-29|language=en-US}}{{CC-notice|cc=bysa2.5}}</ref> The weir has a height of {{Convert|7.9|m}} from deepest foundation and a length of {{Convert|45.95|m}}.

==Power project==
It is a 7.5 MW (3 x 2.50 MW) power project built on Vaniyampuzha and Kavadipuzha, the tributaries of [[Mahi River|Mahe river]], with an investment of Rs 59.49 crore INR. The project consists of dams at [[Panoth Weir|Panoth]] and Valookku and two canals (1750 meter long Valook Canal and 2850 meter long Panoth canal)<ref>[http://billview.kseb.in/~ksebuser/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=484:2014-09-01-11-35-31&catid=25:press-releases&Itemid=58 വിലങ്ങാട് ചെറുകിട ജലവൈദ്യുത പദ്ധതി – ഉദ്ഘാടനം]{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} kseb.in</ref> and a fore-bay tank with a penstock pipe. This Along with three 2.5 MW generators creates the Power and the water flows through a 124-meter tailrace channel. The power generated is conveyed to Nadapuram substation which is 14 kilometers away from the power house.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mini hydroelectric project commissioned in Kerala|url=https://www.projectstoday.com/News/Mini-hydroelectric-project-commissioned-in-Kerala|access-date=2021-07-29|website=www.projectstoday.com}}</ref>

== Specifications ==

* LocationLatitude:11⁰45’36.5”N
* Longitude:75⁰46’32.5”E
* Panchayath : Naripatta
* Village: [[Thinoor|Thinur]]
* District:Kozhikode
* River Basin : Mahe puzha
* River: Kavadi puzha
* Release from Dam to river : Mahe puzha
* Taluk through which release flows [[Vadakara (State Assembly constituency)|Vadakara]]
* Year of completion : 2014
* Name of Project : Vilangad Small Hydro Electric Project
* Purpose of Project : Hydro Power
;Dam Features
* Type of Dam : Concrete gravity
* Classification : weir
* Maximum Water Level (MWL):EL 184.96 m
* Full Reservoir Level ( FRL) : EL 183.90 m
* Storage at FRL : Diversion only
* Height from deepest foundation : 7.90m
* Length :45.95m
* Spillway : 2 Nos. 1.50 x 1.30 m
* Crest Level : EL 183.90 m
* River Outlet: NIL
* Officers in charge & phone No. : Executive Engineer, KG Division, Kakkayam, PIN-673615 Phone.9446008466
* Installed capacity of the Project : 7.5 MW

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2N4mgCkEdN0&list=RDCMUCAK0P7b-eQ7u5waz93Ld_Ww&index=2 Vilangad Small Hydro Electric Project]

{{Dams in Kerala}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Dams completed in 2014]]
[[Category:Dams in Kozhikode district]]

Sanā Leibāk Manipur

2026-01-26T18:21:07Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Short description|State song of Manipur, India}}
{{About|a state official song of the Government of Manipur|the Meitei language term|Sana Leibak|the Meitei language newspaper|Sanaleibak (newspaper){{!}}''Sanaleibak'' (newspaper)}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox anthem
|title = {{lang|mni|ꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ}}
|transcription = {{translit|mni|Sanā Leibāk Manipur}}
|english_title = "Manipur, [[Sana Leibak|Land of Gold]]"
|type = song
|alt_title =
|en_alt_title =
|alt_title_2 =
|en_alt_title_2=
|image = Kanglasa.svg
|image_size =
|caption = [[Emblem of Manipur]]
|prefix = State
|country = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
|author = [[Bachaspatimayum Jayantakumar Sharma]]
|lyrics_date = 1965
|composer = [[Aribam Syam Sharma]]
|music_date =
|adopted = 1967 {{small|(''de facto'')}} 12 August 2021 {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|sound =
|sound_title =
}}
"'''Sanā Leibāk Manipur'''" ({{langx|mni|ꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ}}, {{IPA|mno|səná lə́i̯bák̚ mənipuɾ|pron}}; {{lit|Manipur, Land of Gold}}) is the [[List of Indian state songs|official state song]] of [[Manipur]], in [[Northeast India]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/melodies-of-freedom-detail.htm?15 | title=Melodies of Freedom }}</ref><ref>[https://www.hoten.life/topics/502/update/3439/introduction-of-state-song-sana-leibak-m Introduction of state song Sana Leibak Manipur]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sana Leibak Manipur By Free Thinker |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.EI.Sana_Leibak_Manipur_By_Free_Thinker#:~:text=Nehru%20called%20us%20the%20Jewel,land%20of%20gold. |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=}}</ref>

==History==
The lyrics were written in 1965 by [[Jayantakumar Sharma|B. Jayantakumar Sharma]] and the music was composed by [[Aribam Syam Sharma]]. It had been in use as a [[de facto]] state song since 1967 and was officially adopted by the Cabinet of the [[Government of Manipur]] in 21 August 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thenortheastaffairs.com/sana-leibak-manipur-adopted-as-state-song-by-cabinet/ | title='Sana Leibak Manipur' adopted as State Song by Cabinet | date=12 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsonair.com/2021/08/13/patriots-day-celebrated-in-manipur/ | title=Patriots' Day celebrated in Manipur | date=13 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ifp.co.in/9194/amma-appreciates-government-for-declaring-sanaleibak-manipur-as-state-song | title=AMMA appreciates government for declaring 'Sanaleibak Manipur' as State Song }}</ref>

==Lyrics==
{|class="wikitable"
![[Meitei language|Meitei]] original<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smule.com/song/roop-raag-lyrics-b-jayantakumar-sharma-sana-leibak-manipur-karaoke-lyrics/4167504_4167504/arrangement | title=Sana leibak Manipur - Lyrics and Music by roop raag lyrics-(B. Jayantakumar Sharma) arranged by ChristinaKh7 }}</ref>!![[Meitei language#Writing systems|Romanization of Meitei]]!!English translation
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>{{script|Mtei|ꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ
ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔ
ꯂꯥꯏꯖꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯤ ꯅꯥꯔꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯥꯡ
ꯄꯤꯛꯇꯛꯅ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯅꯨꯡꯕꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄꯤ
ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟꯅ ꯄꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯥꯔꯤꯕꯤ
ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ ꯐꯤꯖꯣꯜ ꯊꯣꯟꯕꯤ ꯆꯥꯟꯕꯤ ꯍꯩꯕꯤ
ꯆꯤꯛꯅ ꯂꯦꯝꯅ ꯉꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯤ ꯫

ꯈꯩꯅ-ꯌꯥꯡꯀꯣꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯤ
ꯁꯨꯝꯍꯠꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯅꯤ
ꯀꯣꯔꯧꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯤ
ꯅꯆꯥ ꯅꯥꯎꯌꯣꯛ ꯅꯥꯎꯀꯣꯟ ꯍꯩꯕꯤ
ꯈꯣꯏꯔꯨꯝ ꯃꯣꯃꯣꯟ ꯃꯤꯅꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡꯕꯤ ꯫

ꯁꯅꯥꯅ ꯏꯊꯛ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯂꯝ
ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯅ ꯀꯣꯡꯒꯣꯜ ꯊꯤꯟꯕ ꯂꯝ
ꯁꯪꯕꯥꯟꯅ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯐꯤꯖꯪ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ
ꯃꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯅꯥꯏꯕꯤꯅꯤ ꯫}}
</poem>
|<poem>Sanā leibāk Manipur
Koloi nangee Manipur
Lāijanungee mani
Nārakkee leirāng
Piktakna mangāl chāobini

Enungbungdagee hourakpi
Chinglonna pallon khāribi
Shanglen fijol shetpi
chānbi heibi
Chikna lemna ngāntoiribi

Kheina Yāngkok maongni
Shumhatyāi oibi shaktamni
Korougee ahānba khongdāfam oiribee
Nachā nāoyok nāokon heibee
Khoirum momon meenok leitengbi

Sanāna ethak houba lam
Lupāna kongol thinba lam
Shangbānna atiyāna fijang oibee
Manigum mangāl nāibini</poem>
|<poem>A golden land Manipur
Your name Manipur
A pearl from the depths of the water
A flower in the wild
Tiny but sparkling you are.

Risen from the depths of the oceans
Fortified by the mountains
Adorned in lush green robes
Alone thou art in solemn grace.

The outskirts of a Yangkok
Your appearance is a winning face
The first rays of the sun,
A mother so caring for her children
Wrapped in an eternal smile.

A land of golden waves
A land of silver orbs,
Under the blue sky
Like a jewel, you shine.</poem>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Indian state songs]]
*[[Emblem of Manipur]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6CbAI1JT3g "Sana Leibak Manipur": vocal rendition with lyrics]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRW__IpMaFY "Sana Leibak Manipur": instrumental rendition]
*[https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/melodies-of-freedom-detail.htm?15 "Sana Leibak Manipur": lyrics]

{{Indian state songs}}
{{National anthems of Asia}}
{{Manipur}}

[[Category:Meitei language]]
[[Category:Government of Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian state anthems]]
[[Category:Music of Manipur]]
[[Category:Songs in Meitei]]
[[Category:Symbols of Manipur]]

Rohtang Pass

2026-01-11T16:21:02Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Short description|Mountain pass}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Rohtang Pass
| photo = Kullu Valley from Rohtang Pass, India.jpg
| photo_caption = A view from Rohtang Pass
| elevation_m = 3978
| elevation_ref =
| traversed = [[Leh-Manali Highway]]
| location = [[India]]
| range = [[Pir Panjal]], [[Himalayas]]
| coords = {{coord|32|22|17|N|77|14|47|E|type:pass|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| topo =
| map = India Himachal Pradesh
}}

'''Rohtang Pass''' ('''Rohtang ''', literally meaning "pile of corpses"<ref name="nytimes.com">Polgreen, Lydia "[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/01/world/asia/01pass.html?ref=asia India Digs Under Top of the World to Match Rival]". ''New York Times''. Accessed 31 July 2010.</ref>) is a high [[mountain pass]] (elevation {{convert|13058|ft|m|0|disp=flip|abbr=on}}) on the eastern end of the [[Pir Panjal Range]] of the Himalayas around {{convert|51|km|abbr=on}} from [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]] in the Indian state of [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name="panoramio">{{cite web|url=https://www.panoramio.com/photo/97061|title=Panoramio - Photo of Rohtang Pass (3978 m)|publisher=panoramio.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="himalayan-fantasy">{{cite web|url=http://himalayan-fantasy.com/kullu-manali-rhothang-pass/rohtang-pass/|title=Rohtang Pass - Himalayan Fantasy|publisher=himalayan-fantasy.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="mountainhighs">{{cite web|url=http://www.mountainhighs.com/Photos/images/Rohtang-pass%20Himalayas.jpg|title=Image: Rohtang-pass Himalayas.jpg, (450 × 338 px)|publisher=mountainhighs.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="taxivala">{{cite web|url=http://www.taxivala.com/media/news/news_a3f1d190-1ebf-208f-9c4f-4dfee1789304.jpg|title=Image: news_a3f1d190-1ebf-208f-9c4f-4dfee1789304.jpg, (350 × 525 px)|publisher=taxivala.com|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref> the pass serves as a vital link between the verdant [[Kullu district|Kullu Valley]] and the arid, high-altitude regions of [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]] Valleys of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Rohtang Pass, Manali |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/himachal-pradesh/manali/rohtang-pass |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}</ref>

Known for its dramatic topography and stunning panoramic views, Rohtang Pass attracts travelers, photographers, and nature enthusiasts from across the world. The journey to the pass itself is marked by a striking contrast—lush green hills gradually giving way to rugged, snow-clad peaks and barren alpine terrain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Rohtang Pass, Manali |url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/himachal-pradesh/manali/rohtang-pass |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Incredible India |language=en}}</ref>

To make the scenic route accessible to visitors, the Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=One Day Rohtang Pass Sightseeing Tour – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) |url=https://hptdc.in/index.php/one-day-rohtang-pass-sightseeing-tour/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=hptdc.in}}</ref> operates a daily sightseeing tour to Rohtang Pass from Mall Road, Manali at an affordable fare. Additionally, the Himachal Road Transport Corporation (HRTC) also runs an eco-friendly Himtarang electric bus service <ref>{{Cite web |title=Himachal Road Transport Corporation |url=https://www.hrtchp.com/hrtc_info/Bus-Services.html |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=www.hrtchp.com}}</ref> on the same route, offering a sustainable and budget-friendly travel option.

==Geography==
{{Wide image|Panorama at the other side of Rohtang Pass (10441463105).jpg|1000px|Panaromic view of Rohtang pass}}
The pass provides a natural divide between the [[Kullu Valley]] with a primarily Hindu culture (in the south), and the arid high-altitude [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]] valleys with a [[Buddhist]] culture (in the north). The pass lies on the watershed between the [[Chenab River|Chenab]] and [[Beas River|Beas]] basins. On the southern side of this pass, the [[Beas River]] emerges from underground and flows southward<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.himachalpradesh.us/geography/himachal_river_beas.php
|title = Beas River in Himachal Pradesh
|author = himachalpradesh.us
|access-date = 24 June 2009
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090414125418/http://www.himachalpradesh.us/geography/himachal_river_beas.php
|archive-date = 14 April 2009
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> and on its northern side, the Chandra River (flows from the eastern Himalayas), a source stream of the river [[Chenab River|Chenab]], flows westward.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Rothang Pass, elevation {{convert|3978|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020, extremes 1962–2020)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = -7.3
| Feb record high C = -6.4
| Mar record high C = -2.4
| Apr record high C = 7.1
| May record high C = 15.5
| Jun record high C = 22.9
| Jul record high C = 27.3
| Aug record high C = 27.2
| Sep record high C = 24.7
| Oct record high C = 14.1
| Nov record high C = 2.0
| Dec record high C = -3.8
| year record high C =
| Jan record low C = -44.2
| Feb record low C = -43.0
| Mar record low C = -40.4
| Apr record low C = -36.1
| May record low C = -27.0
| Jun record low C = -16.3
| Jul record low C = -7.3
| Aug record low C = -7.7
| Sep record low C = 1.1
| Oct record low C = -28.8
| Nov record low C = -41.7
| Dec record low C = -43.2
| year record low C =
|Jan high C = -20.3
|Feb high C = -19.5
|Mar high C = -14.2
|Apr high C = -7.4
|May high C = -3.4
|Jun high C = 8.2
|Jul high C = 12.7
|Aug high C = 12.1
|Sep high C = 11.6
|Oct high C = 3.7
|Nov high C = -14.4
|Dec high C = -19.7
| year high C =
|Jan low C = -31.4
|Feb low C = -28.2
|Mar low C = -26.4
|Apr low C = -18.2
|May low C = -11.7
|Jun low C = -4.6
|Jul low C = 1.8
|Aug low C = 1.4
|Sep low C = 3.1
|Oct low C = -13.2
|Nov low C = -27.2
|Dec low C = -30.8
| year low C =
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 392.2
| Feb rain mm = 437.1
| Mar rain mm = 424.1
| Apr rain mm = 232.3
| May rain mm = 182.9
| Jun rain mm = 167.9
| Jul rain mm = 193.8
| Aug rain mm = 199.4
| Sep rain mm = 168.4
| Oct rain mm = 134.8
| Nov rain mm = 154.3
| Dec rain mm = 287.7
| year rain mm =
| Jan rain days = 7.3
| Feb rain days = 8.5
| Mar rain days = 9.1
| Apr rain days = 8.1
| May rain days = 7.1
| Jun rain days = 5.4
| Jul rain days = 6.1
| Aug rain days = 6.2
| Sep rain days = 4.1
| Oct rain days = 2.3
| Nov rain days = 2.6
| Dec rain days = 3.9
| year rain days = 70.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 55
| Feb humidity = 55
| Mar humidity = 50
| Apr humidity = 48
| May humidity = 49
| Jun humidity = 51
| Jul humidity = 62
| Aug humidity = 66
| Sep humidity = 60
| Oct humidity = 50
| Nov humidity = 46
| Dec humidity = 47
|year humidity = 53
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals2>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240408025145/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 8 April 2024
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Station: Banihal Climatological Table 1991–2020
| work = Climatological Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 17 July 2024}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Banihal Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 85–86
| access-date = 15 March 2020}}</ref>
| source =
}}

==Overview==
The pass is open from May to November. It is not particularly high or difficult to cross on foot by Himalayan standards, but it has a well-deserved reputation for being dangerous because of unpredictable snowstorms and blizzards.<ref>{{cite book| author = Janet Rizvi| title = Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia| date = 1 June 1998| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-564546-0| pages = 9–10 }}</ref>

This pass is an ancient trade route between the people on either side of [[Pir Panjal]]. There are many other passes in Lahaul and Spiti which have specific names (Kunzam La, Baralacha La, etc.). This is suggestive of the fact that this must have been the oldest and most frequented pass in the region, or the fact that it is the main pass leading from one cultural region to another, quite different one, to the north. The name Rohtang comes from Persian/ Farsi words Ruh+ Tang which means pile of dead bodies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-07 |title=Rohtang Pass |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/place/rohtang-pass/articleshow/58374777.cms |access-date=2023-12-30 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The former National Highway 21 (NH 21, now numbered NH 3), the road through the [[Kullu]] Valley, terminates at [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]]. The road northwards over the Rohtang Pass to [[Keylong]] in [[Lahaul and Spiti district]] and on to [[Leh]] in [[Ladakh]] is not a national highway. Nonetheless, the [[Leh-Manali Highway]] has become very busy during the summer months as an alternate military route since the [[Kargil Conflict]] in 1999. Traffic jams are common as military vehicles, trucks, and goods carriers try to navigate the tight roads and rough terrain, compounded by snow and ice at certain points and the large number of tourist vehicles.

[[File:Waterfall Marhi Himachal Jun18 D72 8081.jpg|thumb|Waterfall on the Beas River, Marhi (Elev. {{convert|3360|m|ft|abbr=on}}]]
Several episodes of the [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel's]] ''[[Ice Road Truckers]]'' series spinoff [[IRT Deadliest Roads]] dealt with truckers crossing the Rohtang Pass to deliver supplies.<ref name="IRTDeadliestRoads">{{cite episode | title = Crumbling Roads | url = http://www.history.com/shows/irt-deadliest-roads/episodes#slide-3 | access-date = 2 November 2010 | series = IRT Deadliest Roads | series-link = Ice Road Truckers#IRT: Deadliest Roads | network = History Channel | airdate = 31 October 2010 | season = 1 | number = 5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch IRT Deadliest Roads Full Episodes, Video & More {{!}} HISTORY Channel |url=https://www.history.com/shows/irt-deadliest-roads |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=The HISTORY Channel |language=en}}</ref> With increase in Traffic at Rohtang Valley, environmentalists fear its impact on the fragile mountain ecology. A rise in average temperature, and the consequent melting of glaciers, are also issues of severe concern.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rohtang Pass fears ensuing Disaster due to Traffic Surge|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/10/rohtang-pass-fears-ensuing-disaster-due-to-traffic-surge/|access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref>

== Latest News ==
Sometimes travelling to Rohtang Pass is difficult. Therefore, the government is stressing on setting up a ropeway between Kothi village which is in Manali and Rohtang Pass. The NGT (National Green Tribunal) has asked the state government of [[Himachal Pradesh]] to complete all the formalities to start a ropeway. With the coming of a ropeway, we can reduce carbon emission from vehicles. Heavy snowfall blocks the road in winter and a ropeway will be very useful.<ref name="Latest News">{{cite news|title=Latest News|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/rohtang-ropeway-issue-govt-calls-for-public-hearing/articleshow/59837910.cms|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

==Road tunnel under the Pass==
{{Main|Atal Tunnel}}
As the pass gets blocked by snow and the road over the pass closes from November to May rendering [[Lahaul]] and [[Spiti]] districts north of the pass inaccessible, a need was felt to build a tunnel under the pass. The project was announced by the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 3 June 2000. The work was started by BRO on 6 May 2002. The foundation stone of the project was laid on 28 June 2010 by Sonia Gandhi in her capacity as the Chairperson of National Advisory Council. The road tunnel called ''Atal Tunnel'' has been excavated and became operational on 3 October 2020 after formal inauguration by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It obviates the need to travel over the Rohtang Pass. While it takes 4 to 6 hours to ascend, negotiate and descend the Rohtang Pass, travel through the Rohtang Tunnel takes only about 30 minutes.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Rohtang pass snowy valley01.jpg|Winter sports
File:Himalayas from Rohtang Pass.jpg|A panoramic view of distant Himalayan peaks from Rohtang Pass, May 2009
File:Mountains near Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|Mountains near Rohtang Pass
Image:Road_to_Rohtang_Pass_from_Manali.jpg|[[Leh-Manali Highway]] as seen from near the Rohtang Pass
File:Tourist vehicles at Rohtang Pass.jpg|Tourist Vehicles at Rohtang Pass, May 2009
File:Dhabas At Rohtang Pass.jpg|A view of Dhabas (road-side eateries) at [[Marhi]] and [[Leh-Manali Highway]] on the way to Rohtang Pass, May 2009
Image:View from top of rohtang.jpg|View from top of Rohtang
File:Traffic jam on road to Rohtang Pass.jpg|Traffic jam descending from Rohtang, 2004
File:2007_10_09_India_Keylong_-_Rohtang_Pass_-_Manali.JPG|Summit of Rohtang Pass 13,000 ft above Sea Level, October 2007
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://sss.vn.ua/india/himachal/keylong_manali/index2en.htm#Rohtang Photos of Rohtang Pass & the road from Keylong to Manali]

{{Leh-Manali Highway}}
{{Lahaul and Spiti district}}
{{Mountain passes of India}}

[[Category:Mountain passes of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geography of Kullu district]]
[[Category:Mountain passes of the Himalayas]]
[[Category:Geography of Lahaul and Spiti district]]
[[Category:Transport in Manali, Himachal Pradesh]]

2017 ISTAF World Cup

2026-01-01T21:29:43Z

Nidanayurveda: Made data

{{Short description|Sepaktakraw event}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox field hockey
| tournament = 2017 ISTAF World Cup
| image = Logo of ISTAF Sepaktakraw World Cup 2017.jpg
| size = 240px
| caption =
| country = {{IND}}
| city = [[Hyderabad]]
| venues = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]]
| teams = 20 countries
| dates = 2–5 November 2017
| confederations =[[International Sepaktakraw Federation|International Sepaktakraw]]
| champions =
* '''Men:''' Thailand
* '''Women:''' Thailand
| second =
* '''Men:''' Malaysia
* '''Women:''' Vietnam
| third =
* '''Men:''' Singapore/ India
* '''Women:''' Malaysia/ Iran
| previous_year = 2011
| previous_tournament = 2011 ISTAF World Cup
| next_year = 2022
| next_tournament = 2022 ISTAF World Cup
}}
The '''2017 ISTAF World Cup''' is the second edition of the [[ISTAF World Cup]], which was conducted by the [[International Sepaktakraw Federation]] (ISTAF).<ref name=stadium>{{cite web|title=ISTAF World Cup to return after five-year absence|url=https://www.stadiumastro.com/sepak-takraw-league/istaf-world-cup-return-after-fiveyear-absence-57969|author=Seng Foo Lee|date=12 September 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Astro SuperSport]]|archivedate=21 September 2021|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210921154730/https://www.stadiumastro.com/sepak-takraw-league/istaf-world-cup-return-after-fiveyear-absence-57969}}</ref><ref name=thehan>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2017-09-26/Hyderabad-readies-for-sepaktakraw-World-Cup/329041|title=Hyderabad readies for sepaktakraw World Cup|date=26 September 2021|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[The Hans India]]|archivedate=17 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217020408/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2017-09-26/Hyderabad-readies-for-sepaktakraw-World-Cup/329041}}</ref> The competition was originally scheduled to be held in 2015 in Goa, India.<ref name=stadium/><ref name=yahoo>{{cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/2015-sepak-takraw-world-cup-053812807.html|date=19 March 2015|accessdate=21 September 2021|title=2015 Sepak Takraw World Cup postponed due to South East Asian Games|author=Tanyaporn Sportskeeda|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|archivedate=6 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010857/https://in.news.yahoo.com/2015-sepak-takraw-world-cup-053812807.html?guccounter=1}}</ref> However, due to a possible clash of dates with the 2015 [[King's Cup Sepaktakraw World Championship]] and the [[2015 Southeast Asian Games]],<ref name=yahoo/><ref name=daily/> the tournament was later rescheduled and moved the venue to [[Hyderabad]] with the support of the [[Sports Authority of India|India Sports Council]].<ref name=stadium/> The event was organised at [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]] of Hyderabad, during 2–5 November 2017.<ref name=deccan1>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=malay>{{cite web|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/sukan/lain-lain/2017/11/347071/skuad-takraw-lelaki-raih-perak-piala-dunia-istaf|title=Skuad takraw lelaki raih perak Piala Dunia ISTAF|date=5 November 2021|accessdate=21 September 2021|language=ms|author=Azlan Muhammad Zain|work=[[Berita Harian]]|archivedate=7 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107163823/https://www.bharian.com.my/sukan/lain-lain/2017/11/347071/skuad-takraw-lelaki-raih-perak-piala-dunia-istaf}}</ref><ref name=nst17/> Twenty-six national teams from 17 ISTAF membership countries participated, with only three countries outside Asia, named Brazil, France, and Germany.<ref name=deccan1/> [[Brunei]], [[Belgium]], United Kingdom, [[South Korea]], and the [[Philippines]] were early expected to join the competition but was absent for undisclosed reasons,<ref name=daily>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.co.th/sports/602001/|title="บิ๊กจา"ส่งดาวรุ่งไปเตะทีมเดี่ยวชิงแชมป์โลก|date=2 October 2017|accessdate=22 September 2021|work=[[Daily News (Thailand)|Daily News]]|archivedate=21 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921224054/https://www.dailynews.co.th/sports/602001/}}</ref><ref name=keeda>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sepak-takraw/india-all-set-to-host-sepak-takraw-world-cup|author=Sunaina Rachel Periwal|title=India all set to host Sepak Takraw World Cup|date=28 October 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Sportskeeda]]|archivedate=29 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729185937/https://www.sportskeeda.com/sepak-takraw/india-all-set-to-host-sepak-takraw-world-cup}}</ref> while [[Indonesia]] and [[Pakistan]] national team withdrew on the first day of the event.<ref name=deccan1/>

[[Thailand]] won first place in both men and women categories, [[Malaysia]] and [[Vietnam]] were ranked second in men's and women's events respectively. Meanwhile, the third-place of each category included two teams, India alongside Singapore in men's, and [[Iran]] together with Malaysia in women's.<ref name=malay/><ref name=nst17>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/sports/others/2017/11/299620/malaysia-fall-thailand-world-cup-final|title=Malaysia fall to Thailand in World Cup final|date=5 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|author=Azlan Muhammad Zain|work=[[New Straits Times]]|archivedate=6 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106113924/https://www.nst.com.my/sports/others/2017/11/299620/malaysia-fall-thailand-world-cup-final}}</ref><ref name=siam>{{cite web|url=https://www.siamsport.co.th/other/view/35602|title=หวายหนุ่มสาวไทยกระหึ่มผงาดคว้าแชมโลกแดนโรตี|date=5 November 2017|accessdate=22 September 2021|language=th|work=Siam Sport|archivedate=9 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209081808/https://www.siamsport.co.th/other/view/35602}}</ref>

== Participating countries ==
{|
|valign="top" width=50%|
{| class="wikitable" style= "text-align: left; Width:100%"
! colspan= 4 | Men category
|-
!width=10%|Group A
!width=10%|Group B
!width=10%|Group C
!width=10%|Group D
|-
| {{flagicon|Thailand}} Thailand (1st) || {{flagicon|Malaysia}} Malaysia (2nd) || {{flagicon|India}} India (Host) || {{flagicon|Singapore}} Singapore (3rd)
|-
| {{flagicon|Japan}} Japan || {{flagicon|Myanmar}} Myanmar (3rd) || {{flagicon|Iran}} Iran || {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan
|-
| {{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal || {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} Bangladesh || {{flagicon|France}} France || {{flagicon|China}} China
|-
| {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{flagicon|Germany}} Germany || {{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil
|-
!colspan= 4| Women category
|-
!width=10%|Group E
!width=10%|Group F
!width=10%|Group G
!width=10%|Group H
|-
| {{flagicon|Thailand}} (1st) Thailand|| {{flagicon|Vietnam}} Vietnam (2nd) || {{flagicon|Malaysia}} Malaysia (3rd) || {{flagicon|India}} India (Host)
|-
| {{flagicon|China}} China (3rd) ||{{flagicon|Indonesia}} Indonesia ||{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka ||{{flagicon|Japan}} Japan
|-
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan ||{{flagicon|Nepal}} Nepal ||{{flagicon|Iran}} Iran || {{flagicon|Bangladesh}}
Bangladesh
|}
|valign="top" width=5%|

|valign="top" width=50% |
|}

==Group stage==
===Group A===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=THA |team2=JPN |team3=NEP

|bwin_JPN=1 |swin_JPN=0 |sloss_JPN=0 |bloss_JPN=1 |sw_JPN=2 |sl_JPN=2 |spw_JPN=59 |spl_JPN=69 |status_JPN=
|bwin_THA=2 |swin_THA=0 |sloss_THA=0 |bloss_THA=0 |sw_THA=4 |sl_THA=0 |spw_THA=84 |spl_THA=27 |status_THA=
|bwin_NEP=0|swin_NEP=0 |sloss_NEP=0 |bloss_NEP=2 |sw_NEP=0 |sl_NEP=4 |spw_NEP=37 |spl_NEP=84 |status_NEP=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Men|Final round]]
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=

|name_JPN=Japan
|name_THA=Thailand
|name_NEP=Nepal
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Nepal
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (4–21, 6–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-NEP-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Japan
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Nepal
|set = (21–15, 21–12)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-JPN-NEP.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Japan
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (7–21, 10–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group B===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=MYS |team2=MYA |team3=BAN

|bwin_MYS=2 |swin_MYS=0 |sloss_MYS=0 |bloss_MYS=0 |sw_MYS=4 |sl_MYS=0 |spw_MYS=84 |spl_MYS=48 |status_MYS=
|bwin_MYA=1 |swin_MYA=0 |sloss_MYA=0 |bloss_MYA=1 |sw_MYA=2 |sl_MYA=2 |spw_MYA=65 |spl_MYA=53 |status_MYA=
|bwin_BAN=0|swin_BAN=0 |sloss_BAN=0 |bloss_BAN=2 |sw_BAN=0 |sl_BAN=4 |spw_BAN=36 |spl_BAN=84 |status_BAN=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Men|Final round]]
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=

|name_MYS=Malaysia
|name_MYA=Myanmar
|name_BAN=Bangladesh
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Bangladesh
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Malaysia
|set = (10–21, 15–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Bangladesh
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Myanmar
|set = (3–21, 8–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Malaysia
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Myanmar
|set = (21–9, 21–14)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group C===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=IND |team2=IRN |team3=FRA|team4=GER

|bwin_IND=3 |swin_IND=0 |sloss_IND=0 |bloss_IND=0 |sw_IND=6 |sl_IND=0 |spw_IND=126 |spl_IND=68 |status_IND=
|bwin_IRN=2 |swin_IRN=0 |sloss_IRN=0 |bloss_IRN=1 |sw_IRN=4 |sl_IRN=2 |spw_IRN=119 |spl_IRN=84 |status_IRN=
|bwin_FRA=1 |swin_FRA=0 |sloss_FRA=0 |bloss_FRA=2 |sw_FRA=2 |sl_FRA=4 |spw_FRA=82 |spl_FRA=122 |status_FRA=
|bwin_GER=0 |swin_GER=0 |sloss_GER=0 |bloss_GER=3 |sw_GER=0 |sl_GER=6 |spw_GER=73 |spl_GER=126 |status_GER=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Men|Final round]]
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=

|name_IND=India
|name_FRA=France
|name_IRN=Iran
|name_GER=Germany
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = France
|score = 0–2
|team2 = India
|set = (6–21, 10–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Germany
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Iran
|set = (14–21, 4–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Germany
|score = 0–2
|team2 = India
|set = (10–21, 7–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = France
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Iran
|set = (17–21, 7–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 3 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = India
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Iran
|set = (21–16, 21–19)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = France
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Germany
|set = (21–19, 21–19)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group D===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=SIN |team2=CHN |team3=BRA|team4=PAK

|bwin_SIN=3 |swin_SIN=0 |sloss_SIN=0 |bloss_SIN=0 |sw_SIN=6 |sl_SIN=0 |spw_SIN=127 |spl_SIN=36 |status_SIN=
|bwin_CHN=2 |swin_CHN=0 |sloss_CHN=0 |bloss_CHN=1 |sw_CHN=4 |sl_CHN=2 |spw_CHN=109 |spl_CHN=64 |status_CHN=
|bwin_BRA=1 |swin_BRA=0 |sloss_BRA=0 |bloss_BRA=2 |sw_BRA=2 |sl_BRA=4 |spw_BRA=74 |spl_BRA=84 |status_BRA=
|bwin_PAK=0 |swin_PAK=0 |sloss_PAK=0 |bloss_PAK=3 |sw_PAK=0 |sl_PAK=6 |spw_PAK=0 |spl_PAK=126 |status_PAK=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Men|Final round]]
|col_WD=#D5D8DC |text_WD=Withdrawn
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=|result4=WD

|name_SIN=Singapore
|name_BRA=Brazil
|name_CHN=China
|name_PAK=Pakistan
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Brazil
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Pakistan
|set = (21–0, 21–0)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = China
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Singapore
|set = (20–22, 5–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = China
|score = 2–1
|team2 = Pakistan
|set = (21–0, 21–0)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Brazil
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Singapore
|set = (3–21, 8–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 3 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Brazil
|score = 0–2
|team2 = China
|set = (14–21, 7–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-BAN-MYA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Pakistan
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Singapore
|set = (0–21, 0–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group E===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=THA |team2=CHN |team3=PAK

|bwin_CHN=1 |swin_CHN=0 |sloss_CHN=0 |bloss_CHN=1 |sw_CHN=2 |sl_CHN=2 |spw_CHN=56 |spl_CHN=69 |status_CHN=
|bwin_THA=2 |swin_THA=0 |sloss_THA=0 |bloss_THA=0 |sw_THA=4 |sl_THA=0 |spw_THA=84 |spl_THA=14 |status_THA=
|bwin_PAK=0|swin_PAK=0 |sloss_PAK=0 |bloss_PAK=2 |sw_PAK=0 |sl_PAK=4 |spw_PAK=0 |spl_PAK=84 |status_PAK=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Women|Final round]]
|col_WD=#D5D8DC |text_WD=Withdrawn
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=WD

|name_CHN=China
|name_THA=Thailand
|name_PAK=Pakistan
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Pakistan
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (0–21, 0–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-NEP-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = China
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Pakistan
|set = (21–0, 21–0)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-JPN-NEP.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = China
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (6–21, 8–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group F===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=VIE |team2=NEP |team3=IDN

|bwin_VIE=2 |swin_VIE=0 |sloss_VIE=0 |bloss_VIE=0 |sw_VIE=4 |sl_VIE=0 |spw_VIE=84 |spl_VIE=18 |status_VIE=
|bwin_NEP=1 |swin_NEP=0 |sloss_NEP=0 |bloss_NEP=1 |sw_NEP=2 |sl_NEP=2 |spw_NEP=60 |spl_NEP=42 |status_NEP=
|bwin_IDN=0|swin_IDN=0 |sloss_IDN=0 |bloss_IDN=2 |sw_IDN=0 |sl_IDN=4 |spw_IDN=0 |spl_IDN=84 |status_IDN=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Women|Final round]]
|col_WD=#D5D8DC |text_WD=Withdrawn
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=WD

|name_VIE=Vietnam
|name_NEP=Nepal
|name_IDN=Indonesia
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Indonesia
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Vietnam
|set = (0–21, 0–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-NEP-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Indonesia
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Nepal
|set = (0–21, 0–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-JPN-NEP.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Nepal
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Vietnam
|set = (9–21, 9–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group G===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=MYS |team2=IRN |team3=SRI

|bwin_MYS=2 |swin_MYS=0 |sloss_MYS=0 |bloss_MYS=0 |sw_MYS=4 |sl_MYS=0 |spw_MYS=84 |spl_MYS=47 |status_MYS=
|bwin_IRN=1 |swin_IRN=0 |sloss_IRN=0 |bloss_IRN=1 |sw_IRN=2 |sl_IRN=2 |spw_IRN=76 |spl_IRN=52 |status_IRN=
|bwin_SRI=0|swin_SRI=0 |sloss_SRI=0 |bloss_SRI=2 |sw_SRI=0 |sl_SRI=4 |spw_SRI=23 |spl_SRI=84 |status_SRI=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Women|Final round]]
|col_WD=#D5D8DC |text_WD=Withdrawn
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=

|name_MYS=Malaysia
|name_IRN=Iran
|name_SRI=Sri Lanka
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Malaysia
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Sri Lanka
|set = (21–6, 21–7)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-NEP-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Iran
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Sri Lanka
|set = (21–5, 21–5)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-JPN-NEP.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Iran
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Malaysia
|set = (18–21, 16–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Group H===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=Volleyball
|update= Complete
|source={{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|title=ISTAF World Cup: India smash their way into semi-finals|date=4 November 2017|accessdate=21 September 2021|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611235231/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/041117/istaf-world-cup-india-smash-their-way-into-semi-finals.html|archive-date=11 June 2019}}
|class_rules=[[#Group standing procedure|Group standing procedure]]

|team1=IND |team2=JPN |team3=BAN

|bwin_IND=2 |swin_IND=0 |sloss_IND=0 |bloss_IND=0 |sw_IND=4 |sl_IND=0 |spw_IND=85 |spl_IND=52 |status_IND=
|bwin_JPN=1 |swin_JPN=0 |sloss_JPN=0 |bloss_JPN=1 |sw_JPN=2 |sl_JPN=2 |spw_JPN=78 |spl_JPN=56 |status_JPN=
|bwin_BAN=0|swin_BAN=0 |sloss_BAN=0 |bloss_BAN=2 |sw_BAN=0 |sl_BAN=4 |spw_BAN=29 |spl_BAN=84 |status_BAN=

|res_col_header=Q
|col_QF=green1 |text_QF=[[#Women|Final round]]
|col_WD=#D5D8DC |text_WD=Withdrawn
|result1=QF |result2=QF |result3=

|name_IND=India
|name_JPN=Japan
|name_BAN=Bangladesh
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Bangladesh
|score = 0–2
|team2 = India
|set = (21–8, 21–8)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-NEP-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Bangladesh
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Japan
|set = (6–21, 7–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-gp-A_-JPN-NEP.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 2 November
|time =18:30
|team1 = Japan
|score = 0–2
|team2 = India
|set = (16–21, 20–22)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/P-2-for-match-12_-KOR-THA.pdf P2
}}

==Final round==
===Men===
{{8TeamBracket-Consols
|boldwinner=yes
| RD3-seed1=A1 | RD3-team1=Thailand | RD3-score1=2
| RD3-seed2=B2 | RD3-team2=Myanmar | RD3-score2=0
| RD3-seed3=D1 | RD3-team3=Singapore | RD3-score3=2
| RD3-seed4=C2 | RD3-team4=Iran | RD3-score4=0
| RD3-seed5=C1 | RD3-team5=India | RD3-score5=2
| RD3-seed6=D2 | RD3-team6=China | RD3-score6=0
| RD3-seed7=B1 | RD3-team7=Malaysia | RD3-score7=2
| RD3-seed8=A2 | RD3-team8=Japan | RD3-score8=0

| RD4-seed1=A1 | RD4-team1=Thailand | RD4-score1=2
| RD4-seed2=D1 | RD4-team2=Singapore | RD4-score2=0
| RD4-seed3=C1 | RD4-team3=India | RD4-score3=0
| RD4-seed4=B1 | RD4-team4=Malaysia | RD4-score4=2

| RD2-seed1=B2 | RD2-team1=Myanmar | RD2-score1=2
| RD2-seed2=D2 | RD2-team2=China | RD2-score2=1
| RD2-seed3=C2 | RD2-team3=Iran | RD2-score3=2
| RD2-seed4=A2 | RD2-team4=Japan | RD2-score4=1

| RD5-seed1=A1 | RD5-team1=Thailand | RD5-score1=2
| RD5-seed2=B1 | RD5-team2=Malaysia | RD5-score2=0
| RD1-seed1=B2 | RD1-team1=Myanmar | RD1-score1=2
| RD1-seed2=C2 | RD1-team2=Iran | RD1-score2=1
| RD1b-seed1=D2 | RD1b-team1=China | RD1b-score1=0
| RD1b-seed2=A2 | RD1b-team2=Japan | RD1b-score2=2
}}
;Quarter-finals
{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 3 November
|time = 14:30
|team1 = Myanmar
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set =(5–21, 14–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-mr-22_-MYA-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time = 15:30
|team1 = Japan
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Malaysia
|set = (11–21, 13–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-mr-23_-JPN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 3 November
|time = 16:30
|team1 = China
|score = 0–2
|team2 = India
|set = (17–21, 14–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-mr-24_-CHN-IND.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time = 17:30
|team1 = Iran
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Singapore
|set = (12–21, 19–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-mr-25_-IRN-SIN.pdf P2
}}
;Semi-finals
{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 4 November
|time = 14:30
|team1 = Singapore
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (5–21, 8–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-semifinal_-SIN-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 4 November
|time = 15:30
|team1 = India
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Malaysia
|set = (17–21, 8–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-semifinal_-IND-MYS.pdf P2
}}
;Final
{{volleyballbox
|bg = #f7f6a8
|date = 5 November
|time = 14:30
|team1 = Malaysia
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (19–21, 21–23)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-final_-MYS-THA.pdf P2
}}

===Women===
{{8TeamBracket-Consols
|boldwinner=yes
| RD3-seed1=E1 | RD3-team1=Thailand| RD3-score1=2
| RD3-seed2=F2 | RD3-team2=Nepal | RD3-score2=0
| RD3-seed3=H1 | RD3-team3=India | RD3-score3=2
| RD3-seed4=G2 | RD3-team4=Iran | RD3-score4=0
| RD3-seed5=F1 | RD3-team5=Vietnam | RD3-score5=2
| RD3-seed6=E2 | RD3-team6=China | RD3-score6=0
| RD3-seed7=G1 | RD3-team7=Malaysia | RD3-score7=2
| RD3-seed8=H2 | RD3-team8=Japan | RD3-score8=0

| RD4-seed1=E1 | RD4-team1=Thailand | RD4-score1=2
| RD4-seed2=G2 | RD4-team2=Iran | RD4-score2=0
| RD4-seed3=F1 | RD4-team3=Vietnam | RD4-score3=2
| RD4-seed4=G1 | RD4-team4=Malaysia | RD4-score4=1

| RD2-seed1=F2 | RD2-team1=Nepal | RD2-score1=0
| RD2-seed2=H1 | RD2-team2=India | RD2-score2=2
| RD2-seed3=E2 | RD2-team3=China | RD2-score3=2
| RD2-seed4=H2 | RD2-team4=Japan | RD2-score4=0

| RD5-seed1=E1 | RD5-team1=Thailand | RD5-score1=2
| RD5-seed2=F1 | RD5-team2=Vietnam | RD5-score2=0
| RD1-seed1=F2 | RD1-team1=Nepal | RD1-score1=0
| RD1-seed2=E2 | RD1-team2=China | RD1-score2=2
| RD1b-seed1=H1 | RD1b-team1=India | RD1b-score1=2
| RD1b-seed2=H2 | RD1b-team2=Japan | RD1b-score2=0
}}

;Quarter-finals
{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 3 November
|time = 8:30
|team1 = Nepal
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set =(2–21, 6–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-13_-NEP-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time = 9:30
|team1 = China
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Vietnam
|set = (16–21, 14–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-14_-CHN-VIE.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 3 November
|time = 10:30
|team1 = Japan
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Malaysia
|set = (13–21, 14–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-15_-JPN-MYS.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 3 November
|time = 11:30
|team1 = Iran
|score = 2–0
|team2 = India
|set = (21–12, 21–19)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-16_-IND-IRN.pdf P2
}}
;Semi-finals
{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEEEEE
|date = 4 November
|time = 12:30
|team1 = Iran
|score = 0–2
|team2 = Thailand
|set = (10–21, 13–21)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://asianvolleyball.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-27_-IRN-THA.pdf P2
}}

{{volleyballbox
|bg = #EEFFFF
|date = 4 November
|time = 13:30
|team1 = Malaysia
|score = 1–2
|team2 = Vietnam
|set = (11–21, 21–19, 21–19)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-28_-MYS-VIE.pdf P2
}}
;Final
{{volleyballbox
|bg = #f7f6a8
|date = 5 November
|time = 13:30
|team1 = Thailand
|score = 2–0
|team2 = Vietnam
|set = (19–21, 21–23)
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|report = http://sepaktakraw.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/P-2-for-wr-31_-THA-VIE.pdf P2
}}

==Final standings==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
;Men category
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=200|Team
|-bgcolor=#f7f6a8
|{{Gold1}}
|style="text-align:left;"|Thailand
|-bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|{{Silver2}}
|style="text-align:left;"|Malaysia
|-bgcolor=#ffdab9
|{{Bronze3}}
|style="text-align:left;"|India Singapore
|-
|5
|style="text-align:left;"|Myanmar
|-
|6
|style="text-align:left;"|Iran
|-
|7
|style="text-align:left;"|China
|-
|8
|style="text-align:left;"|Japan
|-
|9
|style="text-align:left;"|Bangladesh Brazil France Germany Nepal
|}
{{col-3}}
;Women category
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=40|Rank
!width=200|Team
|-bgcolor=#f7f6a8
|{{Gold1}}
|style="text-align:left;"|Thailand
|-bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|{{Silver2}}
|style="text-align:left;"|Vietnam
|-bgcolor=#ffdab9
|{{Bronze3}}
|style="text-align:left;"|Iran Malaysia
|-
|5
|style="text-align:left;"|China
|-
|6
|style="text-align:left;"|Nepal
|-
|7
|style="text-align:left;"|India
|-
|8
|style="text-align:left;"|Japan
|-
|9
|style="text-align:left;"|Bangladesh Sri Lanka
|}
{{col-3}}
;Summary
{{winners|vbw|2017 Men's ISTAF World Cup|THA|Second}}
{| style="text-align:center; margin-top:2em; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"
|}

{{winners|vbw|2017 Women's ISTAF World Cup|THA|Second}}
{| style="text-align:center; margin-top:2em; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"
|}
{{col-end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{International sepak takraw}}

[[Category:ISTAF World Cup]]
[[Category:2017 in Indian sport]]

George Rainy (civil servant)

2025-12-29T03:19:18Z

Nidanayurveda: Starting The Data Added Tags

{{Short description|British colonial administrator and civil servant}}
'''Sir George Rainy''', [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] (11 February 1875 – 27 January 1946) was a British colonial administrator in India. A member of the [[Indian Civil Service]], he was member of the [[Viceroy's Executive Council|Governor-General's Executive Council]] in charge of the Commerce and Railway Departments from 1927 to 1932.<ref>{{Who's Who|id=230789|title=Rainy, Sir George|type=was}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 1946 |title=Sir George Rainy |pages=6 |work=[[The Times]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{UK-bio-stub}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
[[Category:Alumni of Merton College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]

Badri Nath Tandon

2025-12-27T00:54:35Z

Nidanayurveda: Made a info - done

{{Short description|Indian gastroenterologist (1931–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Badri Nath Tandon
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1931|08|01}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|03|05|1931|08|01}}
| death_place = {{nowrap|[[New Delhi]], India}}
| occupation = Gastroenterologist Hepatologist Medical academic
| yearsactive = Since 1962
| known for = Gastroenterology Hepatology Child nutrition
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] Sasakawa WHO Health Prize [[Russian Academy of Medical Sciences|RAMS]] Jubilee Medal Kent Memorial Award [[Indian Medical Association|IMA]] Lifetime Achievement Award ISG Lifetime Achievement Award
}}

'''Badri Nath Tandon''' (1 August 1931 – 5 March 2018) was an Indian [[gastroenterologist]], [[hepatologist]], medical researcher and academic, and the Chairman and Senior Consultant of Gastroenterology, at Metro Hospitals and Heart Institute, [[Noida]].<ref name="B N Tandon on CrediHealth">{{cite web | url=https://www.credihealth.com/doctor/b-n-tandon-gastroenterologist/education | title=B N Tandon on CrediHealth | publisher=CrediHealth | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He is a former Professor and Head of Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit at the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi]] (AIIMS) and a former Director and Senior Consultant of Hepatology and Gastroenterology at Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Diseases, New Delhi.<ref name="Indian Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N89-1039 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813002401/http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N89-1039 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=13 August 2016 | title=Indian Fellow | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> He is a recipient of several awards including [[Sasakawa WHO Health Prize]] and Jubilee Medal of the [[Russian Academy of Medical Sciences|RAMS]]. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1986, for his contributions to medicine.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>

== Biography ==
Badri Nath Tandon, born on 1 August 1931<ref name="Brief Profile">{{cite web | url=https://www.purplehealth.com/2921-DrBNTandon | title=Brief Profile | publisher=Purple Health | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> in a [[Khatri]] family,<ref name="Eminent khatri personalities">{{cite web | url=http://www.khatrisabhancr.com/eminent-khatri-personalities/ | title=Eminent khatri personalities | publisher=Khatri Sabha | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909100305/http://www.khatrisabhancr.com/eminent-khatri-personalities/ | archive-date=9 September 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref> graduated in medicine (MBBS) from [[King George Medical College]], Lucknow and secured his post-graduate degree (MD) from the same institution.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> Subsequently, he joined [[Harvard Medical School]], Boston for advanced training in gastroenterology followed by training in Nutrition Science at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], Cambridge.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He started his career at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in 1962 as a member of faculty where he stayed till 1991. It was during this period he founded the Department of Gastroenterology at AIIMS, serving the department as its head and as a Professor at the Human Nutrition Unit till his superannuation from AIIMS service on 31 August 1991.<ref name="Introduction ">{{cite web | url=http://www.aiims.edu/aiims/departments/Gastro/gastrointro.htm | title=Introduction | publisher=All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> In 1993, he shifted to Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Diseases, New Delhi as its director and senior consultant and served the institution till 2000 when he moved to Metro Group of Hospitals, Noida as its chairman, a post he holds till date.<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

Tandon was associated with several medical and socio-medical initiatives. When the [[Integrated Child Development Services]] (Anganwadi) scheme was introduced in India, with assistance from [[UNICEF]], in 1975, he chaired the technical committee of the program from inception till 1995.<ref name="Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): An Assessment">{{cite journal | url=http://nutritionfoundationofindia.org/pdfs/BulletinArticle/nfi_01_93.pdf | title=Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS): An Assessment | author=B N Tandon | journal=Bulletin of the Nutrition Foundation of India | date=January 1993 | volume=14 | issue=1 | access-date=8 May 2016 | archive-date=2 June 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602191045/http://nutritionfoundationofindia.org/pdfs/BulletinArticle/nfi_01_93.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> He served as the chairman of the ''Task Force of Liver Diseases'' initiated by the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR) and is the incumbent chair of the ''Digestive Diseases Foundation of India'' and the ''Digestive Diseases Research Foundation''.<ref name="Brief Profile" /> He has been the president of such societies as International Association of Liver Diseases, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver, Indian Society of Gastroenterology<ref name="Archive History">{{cite web | url=http://www.isg.org.in/indexmain.php?do=menu3&lmid=1&lm2id=1 | title=Archive History | publisher=Indian Society of Gastroenterology | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603220512/http://www.isg.org.in/indexmain.php?do=menu3&lmid=1&lm2id=1 | archive-date=3 June 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and Nutrition Society of India (1995–99)<ref name="NSI Presidents">{{cite web | url=http://www.nutritionsocietyindia.org/ | title=NSI Presidents | publisher=Nutrition Society of India | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-date=17 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017150855/http://www.nutritionsocietyindia.org/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> and the vice-president of the [[World Gastroenterology Organisation]].<ref name="B N Tandon on CrediHealth" />

Tandon is known to have conducted pioneering research on bowel diseases, effects of malnutrition on intestine, pancreas and liver and the role of pathogens and food toxins in various diseases.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> His work on veno-occlusive disease of the liver helped in the discovery that [[pyrrolizidine alkaloids]] present in the [[Crotalaria|Jhunjhunia]] seeds could cause the disease.<ref name="Nuns Work Where None Work">{{cite web | url=http://www.ascopost.com/issues/march-10-2016/nuns-work-where-none-work/?platform=hootsuite | title=Nuns Work Where None Work | publisher=Asco Post | date=10 March 2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | author=Jame Abraham}}</ref> He is also credited with the isolation of [[Hepatitis E virus]] and the introduction of a new therapeutic protocol of the Hepatitis E as well as [[Hepatitis C]] using herbal plants.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> His researches have been documented in over 225 medical papers and four monographs.<ref name="Badri Nath Tandon on Microsoft Academic Search">{{cite web | url=http://65.54.113.26/Author/53884787/badri-nath-tandon | title=Badri Nath Tandon on Microsoft Academic Search | publisher=Microsoft Academic Search | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603055137/http://65.54.113.26/Author/53884787/badri-nath-tandon | archive-date=3 June 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Badri Nath Tandon on Aminer">{{cite web | url=https://aminer.org/profile/badri-nath-tandon/53f4367fdabfaee4dc783b40 | title=Badri Nath Tandon on Aminer | publisher=Aminer | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Publications of Dr. B.M. Gandhi">{{cite web | url=http://www.neobiomed.com/publication.php | title=Publications of Dr. B.M. Gandhi | publisher=Neobiomed Services | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> He has also published two text books, ''Textbook Of Tropical Gastroenterology'',<ref name="Textbook Of Tropical Gastroenterology">{{cite book | title=Textbook Of Tropical Gastroenterology | publisher=Oxford University Press |author1=B. N. Tandon |author2=Samiran Nundy | date=January 1988 | pages=350 | isbn=9780195620993}}</ref> and ''Tropical Hepato-Gastroenterology'',<ref name="Tropical Hepato-Gastroenterology">{{cite book | title=Tropical Hepato-Gastroenterology | publisher=Elsevier India | author=B. N. Tandon | date=November 2010 | pages=804 | isbn=978-8131203132}}</ref> and has contributed 13 chapters to text books written by others.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> Besides being the founder editor of ''Tropical Gastroenterology'' journal,<ref name="About Us">{{cite web | url=http://www.tropicalgastro.com/about-the-journal.htm | title=About Us | publisher=Tropical Gastroenterology | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-date=30 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430212058/http://www.tropicalgastro.com/about-the-journal.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> he also sat on the editorial boards of several national and international journals; National Medical Journal, Ceylon Medical Journal, Asian Pacific Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hepatology Communication, European Journal of Hepatology, [[Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology]] and Gastroenterology International counting among them.<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

Badri Nath Tandon died in [[New Delhi]] on 5 March 2018, at the age of 86.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badri Nath Tandon (1 August 1931 – 5 March 2018) |url=https://nmji.in/badri-nath-tandon-1-august-1931-5-march-2018/ |website=The National Medical Journal of India |access-date=30 November 2023}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
Tandon was a Fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]], elected to the position in 1974.<ref name="List of NAMS Fellows">{{cite web | url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf | title=List of NAMS Fellows | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> He was also a Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]], Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicines and the Indian Public Health Association.<ref name="B N Tandon on CrediHealth" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1986.<ref name="Padma Awards" /> He received the [[Sasakawa WHO Health Prize]] of the [[World Health Organization]] in 1990 and the Jubilee Medal of the [[Russian Academy of Medical Sciences]] in 1995.<ref name="Dr. B N Tandon — Doctor Babu">{{cite web | url=http://doctorbabu.co.in/doctor/dr-b-n-tandon/ | title=Dr. B N Tandon — Doctor Babu | publisher=Doctor Babu | date=2016 | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602225955/http://doctorbabu.co.in/doctor/dr-b-n-tandon/ | archive-date=2 June 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> He delivered several award orations such as ''Dr. R.V. Rajam Oration'' (1983–84) of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of NAMS Fellows" /> and was also a recipient of Kent Memorial Award of the National Homoeopathic Association (1998), Lifetime Achievement Award of the New Delhi chapter of the [[Indian Medical Association]] (2004) and the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award of Indian society of Gastroenterology (2007).<ref name="Indian Fellow" />

== See also ==
* [[List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
* [[King George's Medical University]]
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal | title=Demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia: Survey of 414 patients from four countries | author=Bao-En Wang | author2=Wei-Min Ma | author3=Ali Sulaiman | author4=Sjaifoellah Noer | author5=Suwignyo Sumoharjo | author6=Didacus Sumarsidi | author7=Badri Nath Tandon | author8=Kuniaki Nakao | author9=Shunji Mishiro | author10=Yuzo Miyakawa | author11=Yoshihiro Akahane | author12=Hiroshi Suzuki | name-list-style=amp | journal=Journal of Medical Virology | date=July 2002 | volume=67 | issue=3 | pages=394–400 | doi=10.1002/jmv.10087| pmid=12116033 | s2cid=26111895 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Localization of a new enteric non-A, non-B [HEV] virus in target organ liver |author1=Hema Gupta |author2=Bhanu Iyenger |author3=Badri Nath Tandon | journal=Gastroenterologia Japonica | date=February 1993 | volume=28 | issue=1 | pages=46–50 | doi=10.1007/BF02775002|pmid = 8440423|s2cid=23118005 }}
* {{cite journal | url=http://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(85)71995-5/abstract | title=Diagnosis of ileocecal and colonic tuberculosis by colonoscopy | author=Dinesh K. Bhargava | author2=H.D. Tandon | author3=T.C. Chawla | author4=Shriniwas | author5=B.N. Tandon | author6=B.M.L. Kapur | journal=Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | date=April 1985 | volume=31 | issue=2 | pages=68–70 | doi=10.1016/S0016-5107(85)71995-5| pmid=3922847 | url-access=subscription }}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tandon, Badri Nath}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian gastroenterologists]]
[[Category:Indian hepatologists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:King George's Medical University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Sasakawa Health Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School people]]

List of One Day International cricket umpires

2025-12-23T20:43:27Z

Nidanayurveda: updated section to improve readability and corrected details as per guidelines

{{Short description|List of cricket umpires}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
This is a list of '''[[umpire (cricket)|cricket umpires]]''' who have officiated at least one men's [[One Day International]] (ODI) match. As of October 2022, 418 umpires have officiated in an ODI match.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;player_type=2;template=results;type=official |title=One Day International Umpires |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> The first ODI match took place on 5 January 1971 between [[English cricket team in Australia in 1970–71#First One Day International - Melbourne|Australia and England]] at the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]].<ref name="First">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/64148.html |title=Australia vs. England, 1971 |access-date=15 May 2014 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> The umpires for this game were [[Tom Brooks (umpire)|Tom Brooks]] and [[Lou Rowan]].<ref name="First" /> In April 2019, [[Claire Polosak]] became the first woman to stand in a men's ODI match, when she was one of the on-field umpires for the final of the [[2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1199543 |title=Claire Polosak to become first female umpire in men's ODI |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> Three umpires, [[Rudi Koertzen]] of South Africa, [[Billy Bowden]] of New Zealand and [[Aleem Dar]] of Pakistan, have officiated in 200 or more ODI matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/389812/pakistan-umpire-aleem-dar-to-officiate-in-his-200th-odi/ |title=Pakistan umpire Aleem Dar to officiate in his 200th ODI |work=Daily Times |date=6 May 2019 |access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref>

On 1 November 2020, in the second ODI [[Zimbabwean cricket team in Pakistan in 2020–21|between Pakistan and Zimbabwe]], Pakistan's [[Aleem Dar]] stood in his 210th ODI match as an on-field umpire, surpassing South African [[Rudi Koertzen]]'s record of officiating in the most ODI matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/30228199/aleem-dar-set-break-record-most-odis-field-umpire |title=Aleem Dar set to break record for most ODIs as on-field umpire |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Umpire !! Country !! ODIs !! From !! To
|-
|data-sort-value="Abood, Gerard"|[[Gerard Abood]]||{{flag|Australia}}||2||2018||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Afridi, Faisal"|[[Faisal Afridi]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||2023||2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Ahmed, Afzaal"|[[Afzaal Ahmed]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1994||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Ahmed, Mesbahuddin"|[[Mesbahuddin Ahmed]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||1||2002||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Ahmed, Tanvir"|[[Tanvir Ahmed (umpire)|Tanvir Ahmed]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||4||2021||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Akhtar, Javed"|[[Javed Akhtar (cricketer)|Javed Akhtar]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||40||1976||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Akhtaruddin, AFM"|[[A. F. M. Akhtaruddin]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||16||2001||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Akram, Rizwan"|[[Rizwan Akram]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||6||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Alam, Jahangir"|[[Jahangir Alam (umpire)|Jahangir Alam]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||3||2001||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Aldridge, Brian"|[[Brian Aldridge (cricketer)|Brian Aldridge]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||45||1986||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Ali, Agha Saadat"|[[Agha Saadat Ali]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1978||1978
|-
|data-sort-value="Ali, Akbar"|[[Akbar Ali (umpire)|Akbar Ali]]||{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||22||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Ali, Iftikhar"|[[Iftikhar Ali]]||{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||9||2017||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Ali, Masroor"|[[Masroor Ali]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Alley, Bill"|[[Bill Alley]]||{{flag|England}}||9||1974||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Alleyne, Phillip"|[[Phillip Alleyne]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1978||1978
|-
|data-sort-value="Anandappa, Ignatius"|Ignatius Anandappa||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||7||1992||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Ananthapadmanabhan, K. N."|[[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]]||{{flag|India}}||2||2021||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Anthony, Basil"|[[Basil Anthony]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||2||1982||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Archer, David"|[[David Archer (umpire)|David Archer]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||24||1981||1991
|-
|data-sort-value="Asher, Rahul"|[[Rahul Asher]]||{{flag|Oman}}||12||2020||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Asnani, Sudhir"|[[Sudhir Asnani]]||{{flag|India}}||10||1998||2013
|-
|data-sort-value="Ata, Tariq"|[[Tariq Ata]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||6||1982||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Aziz, Khalid"|[[Khalid Aziz]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||7||1977||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Babu, Vinod"|[[Vinod Babu]]||{{flag|Oman}}||9||2020||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Badar, Saleem"|[[Saleem Badar]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||29||1988||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Bagh, Niels"|[[Niels Bagh]]||{{flag|Denmark}}||18||2008||2011
|-
|data-sort-value="Bailey, Rob"|[[Rob Bailey (cricketer)|Rob Bailey]]||{{flag|England}}||24||2011||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Bailhache, Robin"|[[Robin Bailhache]]||{{flag|Australia}}||27||1975||1989
|-
|data-sort-value="Baksh, Mohamed"|[[Mohamed Baksh]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1983||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Balderstone, Chris"|[[Chris Balderstone]]||{{flag|England}}||2||1994||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Baldwin, Paul"|[[Paul Baldwin]]||{{flag|England}}||18||2006||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Bandekar, Sameer"|[[Sameer Bandekar]]||{{flag|United States}}||9||2002||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Banerjee, Subrata"|[[Subrata Banerjee]]||{{flag|India}}||13||1983||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Bansal, SK"|[[S. K. Bansal]]||{{flag|India}}||30||1990||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Barbour, Kevan"|[[Kevan Barbour]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||51||1998||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Barker, Lloyd"|[[Lloyd Barker (umpire)|Lloyd Barker]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||37||1984||1997
|-
|data-sort-value="Bathi, Nitin"|[[Nitin Bathi]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||5||2021||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Baxter, Gary"|[[Gary Baxter (umpire)|Gary Baxter]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||38||2005||2014
|-
|data-sort-value="Bayney, Karran"|[[Karran Bayney]]||{{flag|Canada}}||4||2009||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Becker, Danzel"|[[Danzel Becker]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||16||1997||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Benson, Mark"|[[Mark Benson]]||{{flag|England}}||72||2004||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Bhattacharjee, Aloke"|[[Aloke Bhattacharjee]]||{{flag|India}}||3||1998||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Bird, Dickie"|[[Dickie Bird]]||{{flag|England}}||69||1973||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Birkenshaw, Jack"|[[Jack Birkenshaw]]||{{flag|England}}||6||1983||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Black, Roland"|[[Roland Black]]||{{flag|Ireland|Cricket}}||20||2016||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Bose, Sukha"|[[Sukha Bose]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1983||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Bowden, Billy"|[[Billy Bowden]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||200||1995||2016
|-
|data-sort-value="Brathwaite, Gregory"|[[Gregory Brathwaite]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||49||2011||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Bricknell, Bruce"|[[Bruce Bricknell]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||2||1981||1982
|-
|data-sort-value="Brooks, Tom"|[[Tom Brooks (umpire)|Tom Brooks]]||{{flag|Australia}}||2||1971||1975
|-
|data-sort-value="Brown, Chris"|[[Chris Brown (cricketer, born 1973)|Chris Brown]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||19||2016||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Browne, George"|[[George Browne (umpire)|George Browne]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1988||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Bucknor, Steve"|[[Steve Bucknor]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||181||1989||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Budd, Lloyd"|[[Lloyd Budd]]||{{flag|England}}||12||1974||1979
|-
|data-sort-value="Burns, Mike"|[[Mike Burns (cricketer)|Mike Burns]]||{{flag|England}}||2||2020||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Butt, Feroze"|[[Feroze Butt]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||4||1985||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Butt, Ghafoor"|[[Ghafoor Butt]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1982||1982
|-
|data-sort-value="Buultjens, Dooland"|[[Dooland Buultjens]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||18||1983||1992
|-
|data-sort-value="Carmody, Kevin"|[[Kevin Carmody]]||{{flag|Australia}}||2||1979||1980
|-
|data-sort-value="Chabi, Iknow"|[[Iknow Chabi]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||4||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Chaudhary, Anil"|[[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]]||{{flag|India}}||22||2013||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Chirombe, Owen"|[[Owen Chirombe]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||16||2010||2014
|-
|data-sort-value="Chopra, Vijay"|[[Vijay Chopra]]||{{flag|India}}||6||1996||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Choudhary, S."|[[S. Choudhary]]||{{flag|India}}||9||1993||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Cloete, Johan"|[[Johan Cloete]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||60||2009||2016
|-
|data-sort-value="Collins, Jack"|[[Jack Collins (umpire)|Jack Collins]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||1979||1979
|-
|data-sort-value="Constant, David"|[[David Constant]]||{{flag|England}}||33||1972||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Cooray, BC"|[[B. C. Cooray]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||48||1985||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Copeland, William"|[[William Copeland (umpire)|William Copeland]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||1979||1979
|-
|data-sort-value="Coventry, Charles"|[[Charles Coventry (umpire)|Charles Coventry]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||5||2000||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Cowan, Graham"|[[Graham Cowan]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||5||1989||1991
|-
|data-sort-value="Cowie, Doug"|[[Doug Cowie (umpire)|Doug Cowie]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||71||1992||2005
|-
|data-sort-value="Cowman, Stan"|[[Stan Cowman]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||2||1983||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Crafter, Tony"|[[Tony Crafter]]||{{flag|Australia}}||84||1979||1992
|-
|data-sort-value="Cronin, Peter"|[[Peter Cronin]]||{{flag|Australia}}||6||1979||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Cumberbatch, Clyde"|[[Clyde Cumberbatch]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||26||1984||1997
|-
|data-sort-value="Dar, Aleem"|[[Aleem Dar]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||225||2000||2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Dar, Tabarak"|[[Tabarak Dar]]||{{flag|Hong Kong}}||3||2016||2017
|-
|data-sort-value="Das, Salil"|[[Salil Das]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1985||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Dave, Narendra"|[[Narendra Dave]]||{{flag|Kenya}}||1||2001||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Davis, Steve"|[[Steve Davis (umpire)|Steve Davis]]||{{flag|Australia}}||137||1992||2015
|-
|data-sort-value="de Silva, Asoka"|[[Asoka de Silva (cricketer)|Asoka de Silva]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||122||1999||2012
|-
|data-sort-value="Dempster, Eric"|[[Eric Dempster]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||3||1974||1976
|-
|data-sort-value="Dendapani, Sankara"|[[Sankara Dendapani]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Deo, Suresh"|[[Suresh Deo]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1996||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Dharmasena, Kumar"|[[Kumar Dharmasena]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||118||2009||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Diedricks, Wilf"|[[Wilf Diedricks]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||31||1992||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Dill, Roger"|[[Roger Dill]]||{{flag|Bermuda}}||25||2006||2008
|-
|data-sort-value="D'Mello, Rockie"|[[Rockie D'Mello]]||{{flag|Kenya}}||1||2001||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Doctrove, Billy"|[[Billy Doctrove]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||112||1998||2012
|-
|data-sort-value="Dotiwalla, Dara"|[[Dara Dotiwalla]]||{{flag|India}}||8||1982||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Dowdalls, Alex"|[[Alex Dowdalls]]||{{flag|Scotland}}||8||2017||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Dudleston, Barry"|[[Barry Dudleston]]||{{flag|England}}||4||1992||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Duguid, Nigel"|[[Nigel Duguid]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||12||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Duncan, Clyde"|[[Clyde Duncan (umpire)|Clyde Duncan]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||21||1988||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Dunne, Steve"|[[Steve Dunne (cricket umpire)|Steve Dunne]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||100||1989||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Duperouzel, Gary"|[[Gary Duperouzel]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||1980||1980
|-
|data-sort-value="Durrani, Ahmed Shah"|[[Ahmed Shah Durrani (umpire)|Ahmed Shah Durrani]]||{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||7||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Dutta, Nilay"|[[Nilay Dutta]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1990||1990
|-
|data-sort-value="Elliott, Charlie"|[[Charlie Elliott]]||{{flag|England}}||5||1972||1974
|-
|data-sort-value="Emerson, Ross"|[[Ross Emerson]]||{{flag|Australia}}||10||1996||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Erasmus, Marais"|[[Marais Erasmus]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||108||2007||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Esat, Ahmed"|[[Ahmed Esat]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||11||1995||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Evans, David"|[[David Evans (umpire)|David Evans]]||{{flag|England}}||13||1979||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Evans, Graeme"|[[Graeme Evans]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||15||1997||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Evans, Ric"|[[Ric Evans]]||{{flag|Australia}}||17||1988||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Fagg, Arthur"|[[Arthur Fagg]]||{{flag|England}}||7||1972||1976
|-
|data-sort-value="Felsinger, Herbi"|[[Herbi Felsinger]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||11||1982||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Fenwick, Jeff"|[[Jeff Fenwick]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||6||2000||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Fleming, Nigel"|[[Nigel Fleming]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||1||1994||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Francis, KT"|[[K. T. Francis]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||56||1982||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="French, Dick"|[[Dick French]]||{{flag|Australia}}||56||1979||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Fry, Simon"|[[Simon Fry]]||{{flag|Australia}}||49||2011||2018
|-
|data-sort-value="Gaffaney, Chris"|[[Chris Gaffaney]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||74||2010||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Ganguli, Bhairab"|[[Bhairab Ganguli]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1982||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Gardiner, Ralph"|[[Ralph Gardiner (umpire)|Ralph Gardiner]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||1||1976||1976
|-
|data-sort-value="Gayle, Johnny"|[[Johnny Gayle]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||2||1984||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Gaynor, Antonio"|[[Antonio Gaynor]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||6||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="George, Shaun"|[[Shaun George (cricketer)|Shaun George]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||56||2011||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Ghauri, Nadeem"|[[Nadeem Ghauri]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||43||2000||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Ghosh, Jiban"|[[Jiban Ghosh (umpire)|Jiban Ghosh]]||{{flag|India}}||3||1981||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Ghosh, Sunit"|[[Sunit Ghosh]]||{{flag|India}}||7||1987||1989
|-
|data-sort-value="Ghouse, Mohammad"|[[Mohammad Ghouse]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1983||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Giridharan, KS"|[[K. S. Giridharan]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1994||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Gomes, Francis"|[[Francis Gomes]]||{{flag|India}}||2||2000||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Goodall, Fred"|[[Fred Goodall]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||15||1973||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Goosen, Quintin"|[[Quintin Goosen]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||11||1994||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Gosein, Ralph"|[[Ralph Gosein]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||2||1978||1978
|-
|data-sort-value="Gothoskar, Madhav"|[[Madhav Gothoskar]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1981||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Gough, Michael"|[[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]]||{{flag|England}}||65||2013||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Gould, Ian"|[[Ian Gould]]||{{flag|England}}||140||2006||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Gupta, Ram Babu"|[[Ram Babu Gupta]]||{{flag|India}}||24||1985||1990
|-
|data-sort-value="Gupta, Satish"|[[Satish Gupta]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1999||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Gupte, Mahendra"|[[Mahendra Gupte]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1983||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Gupte, VM"|[[V. M. Gupte]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1999||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Haggo, Allan"|[[Allan Haggo]]||{{flag|Scotland}}||12||2016||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Haider, Zameer"|[[Zameer Haider]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||15||2006||2012
|-
|data-sort-value="Haig, Shaun"|[[Shaun Haig]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||7||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Hair, Darrell"|[[Darrell Hair]]||{{flag|Australia}}||139||1991||2008
|-
|data-sort-value="Hameed, Shahul"|[[Shahul Hameed (umpire)|Shahul Hameed]]||{{flag|Indonesia}}||10||2006||2007
|-
|data-sort-value="Hampshire, John"|[[John Hampshire]]||{{flag|England}}||20||1989||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Handu, Tej"|[[Tej Handu]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1994||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Hannibal, Lyndon"|[[Lyndon Hannibal]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||11||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Hanumantha Rao, SN"|[[S. N. Hanumantha Rao]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1981||1982
|-
|data-sort-value="Haque, Enamul"|[[Enamul Haque (cricketer, born 1966)|Enamul Haque]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||54||2006||2015
|-
|data-sort-value="Hariharan, Krishna"|[[Krishna Hariharan]]||{{flag|India}}||34||1997||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Harmer, Les"|[[Les Harmer]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||1||1974||1974
|-
|data-sort-value="Harper, Daryl"|[[Daryl Harper]]||{{flag|Australia}}||174||1994||2011
|-
|data-sort-value="Harris, Rocky"|[[Rocky Harris]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||1979||1979
|-
|data-sort-value="Hartley, Peter"|[[Peter Hartley (cricketer)|Peter Hartley]]||{{flag|England}}||6||2007||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Harvey, Mick"|[[Mick Harvey (umpire)|Mick Harvey]]||{{flag|Australia}}||6||1979||1980
|-
|data-sort-value="Hasan, Azhar"|[[Azhar Hasan]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1977||1977
|-
|data-sort-value="Hastie, John"|[[John Hastie (umpire)|John Hastie]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||4||1975||1982
|-
|data-sort-value="Hawthorne, Mark"|[[Mark Hawthorne (umpire)|Mark Hawthorne]]||{{flag|Ireland|Cricket}}||33||2011||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Hayat, Khizer"|[[Khizer Hayat]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||55||1978||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Hazare, Sanjay"|[[Sanjay Hazare]]||{{flag|India}}||5||2009||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Higginson, Ian"|[[Ian Higginson]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||4||1983||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Hill, Tony"|[[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||96||1998||2013
|-
|data-sort-value="Holder, Dalton"|[[Dalton Holder]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1995||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Holder, John"|[[John Holder (cricketer)|John Holder]]||{{flag|England}}||19||1988||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Holdstock, Adrian"|[[Adrian Holdstock]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||38||2013||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Hosein, Mohammed"|[[Mohammed Hosein]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||2||1988||1989
|-
|data-sort-value="Hossain, Sailab"|[[Sailab Hossain]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||3||2001||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Howell, Ian"|[[Ian Howell]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||66||2000||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Hurter, Karl"|[[Karl Hurter]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||4||2002||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Illingworth, Richard"|[[Richard Illingworth]]||{{flag|England}}||77||2010||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Iqbal, Zafar"|[[Zafar Iqbal (umpire)|Zafar Iqbal]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||2000||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Isherwood, Ray"|[[Ray Isherwood]]||{{flag|Australia}}||21||1979||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Jamula, Bomi"|[[B. Jamula]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1990||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Jansen, Huub"|[[Huub Jansen]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||3||2018||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Jayaprakash, Arani"|[[Arani Jayaprakash]]||{{flag|India}}||38||1993||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Jayasundara, Lalith"|[[Lalith Jayasundara]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||9||1999||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Jele, Bongani"|[[Bongani Jele]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||14||2016||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Jepson, Arthur"|[[Arthur Jepson]]||{{flag|England}}||5||1974||1976
|-
|data-sort-value="Jerling, Brian"|[[Brian Jerling]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||94||2000||2011
|-
|data-sort-value="Jha, Vinay Kumar"|[[Vinay Kumar Jha]]||{{flag|Nepal}}||1||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Glenroy T"|[[Glenroy T. Johnson]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||6||1989||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Mel"|[[Mel Johnson (umpire)|Mel Johnson]]||{{flag|Australia}}||49||1979||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Jones, Allan"|[[Allan Jones (cricketer)|Allan Jones]]||{{flag|England}}||1||1996||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Jones, Phil"|[[Phil Jones (umpire)|Phil Jones]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||3||2014||2015
|-
|data-sort-value="Julian, Ray"|[[Ray Julian]]||{{flag|England}}||6||1996||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Kadam, RR"|[[R. R. Kadam]]||{{flag|India}}||4||1986||1987
|-
|data-sort-value="Kanjee, Kantilal"|[[Kantilal Kanjee]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||10||1992||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Kapa, Alu"|[[Alu Kapa]]||{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}||1||2017||2017
|-
|data-sort-value="Karimanickam, KR"|K. R. Karimanickam||{{flag|India}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Kashyappan, TR"|[[T. R. Kashyappan]]||{{flag|India}}||1||2000||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Keshavamurthy, B. R."|[[B. R. Keshavamurthy]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Kettleborough, Richard"|[[Richard Kettleborough]]||{{flag|England}}||95||2009||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Khan, Amanullah"|[[Amanullah Khan (umpire)|Amanullah Khan]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||13||1980||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Khan, Islam"|[[Islam Khan (umpire)|Islam Khan]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||2||1994||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Khan, Shakeel"|[[Shakeel Khan (umpire)|Shakeel Khan]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||16||1982||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Khan, Siddiq"|[[Siddiq Khan (umpire)|Siddiq Khan]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||5||1990||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Khan, Taufeeq"|[[Taufeeq Khan]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1992||1992
|-
|data-sort-value="King, Christopher"|[[Christopher King (umpire)|Christopher King]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||25||1992||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="King, Len"|[[Len King (cricket umpire)|Len King]]||{{flag|Australia}}||23||1988||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Kinsella, David"|[[David Kinsella]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||6||1982||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Kishen, Swaroop"|[[Swaroop Kishen]]||{{flag|India}}||6||1981||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Kitchen, Mervyn"|[[Mervyn Kitchen]]||{{flag|England}}||28||1983||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Knights, Wayne"|[[Wayne Knights]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||18||2016||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Koch, Donovan"|[[Donovan Koch]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Koertzen, Rudi"|[[Rudi Koertzen]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||209||1992||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Krishna, O."|[[O. Krishna]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Kulkarni, Sudhakar"|[[Sudhakar Kulkarni]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1986||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Kulkarni, Vinayak"|[[Vinayak Kulkarni]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1999||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Kulkarni, Vineet"|[[Vineet Kulkarni]]||{{flag|India}}||25||2013||2016
|-
|data-sort-value="Kurushinkal, Jose"|[[Jose Kurushinkal]]||{{flag|India}}||3||1994||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Lakshminarayan, KG"|[[K. G. Lakshminarayan]]||{{flag|India}}||1||2002||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Lambson, Barry"|[[Barry Lambson]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||35||1992||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Langridge, John"|[[John Langridge]]||{{flag|England}}||8||1975||1979
|-
|data-sort-value="Leadbeater, Barrie"|[[Barrie Leadbeater]]||{{flag|England}}||5||1983||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Liebenberg, Karl"|[[Karl Liebenberg]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||33||1992||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Lindo, Jermaine"|[[Jermaine Lindo]]||{{flag|United States}}||8||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Llong, Nigel"|[[Nigel Llong]]||{{flag|England}}||130||2006||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Lloyds, Jeremy"|[[Jeremy Lloyds]]||{{flag|England}}||18||2000||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Louw, Andrew"|[[Andrew Louw (umpire)|Andrew Louw]]||{{flag|Namibia}}||1||2021||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Luck, Jeff"|[[Jeff Luck]]||{{flag|Namibia}}||3||2006||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Maccum, Zainool"|[[Zainool Maccum]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Mack, Clancy"|[[Clancy Mack]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||2001||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Madanagopal, Jayaraman"|[[Jayaraman Madanagopal]]||{{flag|India}}||1||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Mahabubullah, Syed"|[[Syed Mahabubullah]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||1||2002||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Mahal, MS"|[[M. S. Mahal]]||{{flag|India}}||1||2002||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Makumbi, Patric"|[[Patric Makumbi]]||{{flag|Uganda}}|| 2 ||2023||2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Malcolm, Norman"|[[Norman Malcolm (umpire)|Norman Malcolm]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||27||2008||2011
|-
|data-sort-value="Malcolm, Wesley"|[[Wesley Malcolm]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1978||1978
|-
|data-sort-value="Malik, Iftikhar"|[[Iftikhar Malik]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1993||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Mallela, Vijaya"|[[Vijaya Mallela]]||{{flag|United States}}||7||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Mallender, Neil"|[[Neil Mallender]]||{{flag|England}}||22||2001||2003
|-
|data-sort-value="Manuel, Peter"|[[Peter Manuel (umpire)|Peter Manuel]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||45||1992||2004
|-
|data-sort-value="Martell, Mick"|[[Mick Martell]]||{{flag|Australia}}||8||2014||2017
|-
|data-sort-value="Martin, Bruce"|[[Bruce Martin (umpire)|Bruce Martin]]||{{flag|Australia}}||25||1981||1987
|-
|data-sort-value="Martinesz, Ranmore"|[[Ranmore Martinesz]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||46||2010||2018
|-
|data-sort-value="Matibiri, Jeremiah"|[[Jeremiah Matibiri]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||23||2013||2018
|-
|data-sort-value="McCall, Thomas"|[[Thomas McCall (umpire)|Thomas McCall]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||2||1985||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="McConnell, Peter"|[[Peter McConnell (umpire)|Peter McConnell]]||{{flag|Australia}}||68||1983||1992
|-
|data-sort-value="McHarg, Rodger"|[[Rodger McHarg]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||13||1986||1992
|-
|data-sort-value="McLean, David"|[[David McLean (umpire)|David McLean]]||{{flag|Scotland}}||7||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="McQuillan, Tony"|[[Tony McQuillan]]||{{flag|Australia}}||14||1993||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Mehra, Rajan"|[[Rajan Mehra]]||{{flag|India}}||3||1982||1987
|-
|data-sort-value="Menon, Narendra"|[[Narendra Menon]]||{{flag|India}}||4||1993||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Menon, Nitin"|[[Nitin Menon]]||{{flag|India}}||30||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Meyer, Barrie"|[[Barrie Meyer]]||{{flag|England}}||23||1977||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Millns, David"|[[David Millns]]||{{flag|England}}||6||2020||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Milne, Ryan"|[[Ryan Milne]]||{{flag|Scotland}}||3||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Mitchley, Cyril"|[[Cyril Mitchley]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||61||1992||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Modi, Subhash"|[[Subhash Modi]]||{{flag|Kenya}}||22||2001||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Mohammad, Aslam"|[[Mohammad Aslam (umpire)|Mohammad Aslam]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||18||1982||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Mohammad, Sadiq"|[[Sadiq Mohammad]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||2000||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Mohammed, Sadique"|[[Sadique Mohammed]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||7||1981||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Mohite, CR"|[[C. R. Mohite]]||{{flag|India}}||4||1998||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Monteith, Robert"|[[Robert Monteith (umpire)|Robert Monteith]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||3||1975||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Morgan, Basil"|[[Basil Morgan]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||15||1996||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Morris, George"|[[George Morris (umpire)|George Morris]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||8||1984||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Mrithyunjayan, R."|[[R. Mrithyunjayan]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1983||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Mukherjee, MG"|[[M. G. Mukherjee]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Murali, Bala"|[[Bala Murali]]||{{flag|India}}||3||1994||1997
|-
|data-sort-value="Mutizwa, Forster"|[[Forster Mutizwa]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||1||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Nagarajan, R."|[[R. Nagarajan]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Nanabhay, Muhammed"|Muhammed Nanabhay||{{flag|South Africa}}||1||2002||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Nandan, CK"|[[C. K. Nandan]]||{{flag|India}}||7||2016||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Narasimhan, AL"|[[A. L. Narasimhan]]||{{flag|India}}||4||1983||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Narine, David"|[[David Narine]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||4||1981||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Nawaz, Rab"|[[Rab Nawaz]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||2||1982||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Nazir, Mohammad"|[[Mohammad Nazir]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||11||1994||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Neill, Alan"|[[Alan Neill]]||{{flag|Ireland|Cricket}}||10||2016||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Nero, Peter"|[[Peter Nero (umpire)|Peter Nero]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||22||2011||2014
|-
|data-sort-value="Nicholls, Eddie"|[[Eddie Nicholls]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||46||1995||2005
|-
|data-sort-value="Nogajski, Sam"|[[Sam Nogajski]]||{{flag|Australia}}||6||2017||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Nyazika, Christian"|[[Christian Nyazika]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||1||2001||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="O'Connell, Max"|[[Max O'Connell]]||{{flag|Australia}}||6||1975||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Oakman, Alan"|[[Alan Oakman]]||{{flag|England}}||1||1972||1972
|-
|data-sort-value="Oala, Lakani"|[[Lakani Oala]]||{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}||2||2017||2017
|-
|data-sort-value="Odhiambo, David"|[[David Odhiambo]]||{{flag|Kenya}}||4||2012||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Orchard, Dave"|[[Dave Orchard]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||107||1994||2003
|-
|data-sort-value="Oslear, Don"|[[Don Oslear]]||{{flag|England}}||8||1980||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Oxenford, Bruce"|[[Bruce Oxenford]]||{{flag|Australia}}||97||2008||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Oyieko, Isaac"|[[Isaac Oyieko]]||{{flag|Kenya}}||1||2023||2023
|-
|data-sort-value="Pakteen, Ahmed Shah"|[[Ahmed Shah Pakteen]]||{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||30||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Paleker, Allahudien"|[[Allahudien Paleker]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||5||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Palliyaguruge, Ruchira"|[[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||84||2011||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Palmer, Ken"|[[Ken Palmer]]||{{flag|England}}||23||1977||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Palmer, Roy"|[[Roy Palmer (cricketer)|Roy Palmer]]||{{flag|England}}||8||1983||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Pandit, Padmakar"|[[Padmakar Pandit]]||{{flag|India}}||9||1983||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Parker, Peter"|[[Peter Parker (umpire)|Peter Parker]]||{{flag|Australia}}||65||1993||2008
|-
|data-sort-value="Parris, Stanton"|[[Stanton Parris]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1983||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Parry, Bob"|[[Bob Parry]]||{{flag|Australia}}||4||2002||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Parthasarathy, K"|[[K. Parthasarathy]]||{{flag|India}}||10||1993||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Pathirana, Nandasena"|[[Nandasena Pathirana]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||13||1993||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Paynter, Cleophas"|[[Cleophas Paynter]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1977||1977
|-
|data-sort-value="Perera, Camillus"|[[Camillus Perera (umpire)|Camillus Perera]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||1||1985||1985
|-
|data-sort-value="Phiri, Christopher"|[[Christopher Phiri]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||1||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Phookan, Suren"|[[Suren Phookan]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Pillai, Harikrishna"|[[Harikrishna Pillai]]||{{flag|Oman}}||8||2020||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Plews, Nigel"|[[Nigel Plews]]||{{flag|England}}||16||1986||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Polosak, Claire"|[[Claire Polosak]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||2019||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Ponnadurai, Selliah"|[[Selliah Ponnadurai]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||8||1983||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Ponnambalam, KT"|[[K. T. Ponnambalam]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||2||1985||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Porel, Subroto"|[[Subroto Porel]]||{{flag|India}}||8||1994||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Pradhan, Buddhi"|[[Buddhi Pradhan]]||{{flag|Nepal}}||34||2006||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Prasad, Sarika"|[[Sarika Prasad]]||{{flag|Singapore}}||12||2012||2018
|-
|data-sort-value="Pratapkumar, GA"|[[G. A. Pratapkumar]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1998||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Prue, Terry"|[[Terry Prue]]||{{flag|Australia}}||39||1988||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Punjabi, Ram"|[[Ram Punjabi]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1982||1982
|-
|data-sort-value="Quested, Dave"|[[Dave Quested]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||31||1992||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Qureshi, Saqib"|[[Saqib Qureshi]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1994||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Rabbani, Ikram"|[[Ikram Rabbani]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||6||1984||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Raghavan, KN"|[[K. N. Raghavan]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Rahman, Anisur"|[[Anisur Rahman (cricketer)|Anisur Rahman]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||9||2014||2018
|-
|data-sort-value="Rahman, Mahbubur"|[[Mahbubur Rahman (umpire)|Mahbubur Rahman]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||17||2002||2006
|-
|data-sort-value="Rahman, Masudur"|[[Masudur Rahman (umpire)|Masudur Rahman]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||12||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Rahman, Showkatur"|[[Showkatur Rahman]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||2||2001||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Raj, Des"|[[Des Raj]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Ramachandran, RT"|[[R. T. Ramachandran (umpire)|R. T. Ramachandran]]||{{flag|India}}||4||1993||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Ramage, Ian"|[[Ian Ramage]]||{{flag|Scotland}}||35||2008||2017
|-
|data-sort-value="Ramani, RV"|[[R. V. Ramani]]||{{flag|India}}||13||1983||1993
|-
|data-sort-value="Ramaswami, Kasturi"|[[Kasturi Ramaswami]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1982||1982
|-
|data-sort-value="Ramaswamy, VK"|[[V. K. Ramaswamy (umpire)|V. K. Ramaswamy]]||{{flag|India}}||43||1983||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Rambukwella, Prageeth"|[[Prageeth Rambukwella]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||2||2022||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Ramchandra Rao, SR"|[[S. R. Ramchandra Rao]]||{{flag|India}}||3||1983||1987
|-
|data-sort-value="Rana, Shakoor"|[[Shakoor Rana]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||22||1977||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Randell, Steve"|[[Steve Randell]]||{{flag|Australia}}||88||1984||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Rangi, Mansfield"|[[Mansfield Rangi]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||1||1976||1976
|-
|data-sort-value="Rao, Nagaraja"|[[Nagaraja Rao]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1985||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Rao, Surya"|[[Surya Prakash Rao]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1996||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Rathore, RS"|[[R. S. Rathore]]||{{flag|India}}||4||1986||1991
|-
|data-sort-value="Rauf, Asad"|[[Asad Rauf]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||98||2000||2013
|-
|data-sort-value="Ravi, Sundaram"|[[Sundaram Ravi]]||{{flag|India}}||48||2011||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Ravindhron, S."|[[S. Ravindhron]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Raza, Ahsan"|[[Ahsan Raza]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||40||2010||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Raza, Shozab"|[[Shozab Raza]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||24||2012||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Reifer, Leslie"|[[Leslie Reifer (umpire)|Leslie Reifer]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||17||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Reiffel, Paul"|[[Paul Reiffel]]||{{flag|Australia}}||74||2009||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Reporter, Piloo"|[[Piloo Reporter]]||{{flag|India}}||22||1984||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Reynolds, Paul"|[[Paul Reynolds (umpire)|Paul Reynolds]]||{{flag|Ireland|Cricket}}||7||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Rhodes, Dusty"|[[Dusty Rhodes (cricketer)|Dusty Rhodes]]||{{flag|England}}||3||1972||1973
|-
|data-sort-value="Riaz, Rashid"|[[Rashid Riaz]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||8||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Riazuddin"|[[Riazuddin (umpire)|Riazuddin]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||12||1990||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Robinson, Ian"|[[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||90||1992||2004
|-
|data-sort-value="Robinson, Tim"|[[Tim Robinson (English cricketer)|Tim Robinson]]||{{flag|England}}||18||2013||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Rowan, Lou"|[[Lou Rowan]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||1971||1971
|-
|data-sort-value="Roy, Joydeb"|[[Joydeb Roy]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1986||1986
|-
|data-sort-value="Rusere, Langton"|[[Langton Rusere]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||17||2015||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Sadashiva, BK"|[[B. K. Sadashiva]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1998||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Saggers, Martin"|[[Martin Saggers]]||{{flag|England}}||3||2020||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Safi, Izatullah"|[[Izatullah Safi]]||{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||5||2017||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Saheba, Amiesh"|[[Amiesh Saheba]]||{{flag|India}}||51||2000||2011
|-
|data-sort-value="Sam, Shiju"|[[Shiju Sam]]||{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||16||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Samarasinghe, TM"|[[T. M. Samarasinghe]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||14||1992||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Sambandam, ST"|[[S. T. Sambandam]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1990||1990
|-
|data-sort-value="Sang Hue, Douglas"|[[Douglas Sang Hue]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||1||1988||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Sathe, Chandra"|[[Chandra Sathe]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1993||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Schumacher, Claus"|[[Claus Schumacher]]||{{flag|Namibia}}||1||2021||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Sekhon, HS"|[[H. S. Sekhon]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1994||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Seth, Rajan"|[[Rajan Seth]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1998||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Shah, Mahboob"|[[Mahboob Shah]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||32||1976||1996
|-
|data-sort-value="Shah, Nadir"|[[Nadir Shah (umpire)|Nadir Shah]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||40||2006||2011
|-
|data-sort-value="Shah, Said"|[[Said Shah]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||5||1984||1997
|-
|data-sort-value="Shahab, Ahmed"|[[Ahmed Shahab]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||4||2015||2015
|-
|data-sort-value="Shamshuddin, Chettithody"|[[Chettithody Shamshuddin]]||{{flag|India}}||43||2013||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharfuddoula"|[[Sharfuddoula]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||48||2010||2021
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharma, Devendra"|[[Devendra Sharma (umpire)|Devendra Sharma]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1997||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharma, Devinder"|[[Devinder Sharma]]||{{flag|India}}||1||2001||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharma, Raman"|[[Raman Sharma]]||{{flag|India}}||11||1993||1997
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharma, SK"|[[S. K. Sharma]]||{{flag|India}}||10||1993||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharma, Virender"|[[Virender Sharma]]||{{flag|India}}||4||2020||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Sharp, George"|[[George Sharp (cricketer)|George Sharp]]||{{flag|England}}||31||1996||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Shastri, Suresh"|[[Suresh Shastri]]||{{flag|India}}||19||1993||2007
|-
|data-sort-value="Sheahan, Bill"|[[Bill Sheahan (umpire)|Bill Sheahan]]||{{flag|Australia}}||5||1993||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Shepherd, David"|[[David Shepherd (umpire)|David Shepherd]]||{{flag|England}}||172||1983||2005
|-
|data-sort-value="Shinwari, Bismillah Jan"|[[Bismillah Jan Shinwari]]||{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}||9||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Shivram, Ivaturi"|[[Ivaturi Shivram]]||{{flag|India}}||9||1994||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Siddiqi, Shujauddin"|[[Shujauddin Siddiqi]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1978||1978
|-
|data-sort-value="Silva, Gamini"|[[Gamini Silva]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||21||1999||2009
|-
|data-sort-value="Singh, Jasbir"|[[Jasbir Singh (cricketer)|Jasbir Singh]]||{{flag|India}}||6||1994||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Singh, MR"|[[M. R. Singh]]||{{flag|India}}||6||1993||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Smith, Richard"|Richard Smith||{{flag|Ireland|Cricket}}||6||2012||2014
|-
|data-sort-value="Sohel, Gazi"|[[Gazi Sohel]]||{{flag|Bangladesh}}||4||2021||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Spencer, Tom"|[[Tom Spencer (cricketer)|Tom Spencer]]||{{flag|England}}||6||1972||1975
|-
|data-sort-value="Stevens, Lyndon"|[[Lyndon Stevens]]||{{flag|Australia}}||1||1979||1979
|-
|data-sort-value="Strang, Ronald"|[[Ronald Strang]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||1||1994||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Subedi, Durga"|[[Durga Subedi]]||{{flag|Nepal}}||5||2020||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Subramaniam, MG"|[[M. G. Subramaniam]]||{{flag|India}}||1||1983||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Tahir, Babu Khan"|[[Babu Khan Tahir]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||1||1984||1984
|-
|data-sort-value="Tarapore, Shavir"|[[Shavir Tarapore]]||{{flag|India}}||25||1999||2012
|-
|data-sort-value="Taufel, Simon"|[[Simon Taufel]]||{{flag|Australia}}||174||1999||2012
|-
|data-sort-value="Thomas, Ian"|[[Ian Thomas (umpire)|Ian Thomas]]||{{flag|Australia}}||8||1990||1994
|-
|data-sort-value="Thomson, Ian"|[[Ian Thomson (umpire)|Ian Thomson]]||{{flag|Hong Kong}}||1||2016||2016
|-
|data-sort-value="Thorburn, Claude"|[[Claude Thorburn]]||{{flag|Namibia}}||1||2019||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Tiffin, Russell"|[[Russell Tiffin]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||154||1992||2018
|-
|data-sort-value="Timmins, Col"|[[Col Timmins]]||{{flag|Australia}}||20||1988||1995
|-
|data-sort-value="Tucker, Rod"|[[Rod Tucker]]||{{flag|Australia}}||85||2009||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="van den Dries, Adriaan"|[[Adriaan van den Dries]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||3||2021||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="van Liemt, Pim"|[[Pim van Liemt]]||{{flag|Netherlands}}||1||2019||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Venkataraghavan, Srinivasaraghavan"|[[Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan]]||{{flag|India}}||52||1993||2003
|-
|data-sort-value="Vidanagamage, PW"|[[P. W. Vidanagamage]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||23||1982||1991
|-
|data-sort-value="Vijayaraghavan, Rangachari"|[[Rangachari Vijayaraghavan]]||{{flag|India}}||2||1990||2000
|-
|data-sort-value="Vikramraju, V"|[[V. Vikramraju]]||{{flag|India}}||5||1984||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Vyfhuis, Compton"|[[Compton Vyfhuis]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||2||1977||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Wadvalla, Shaid"|[[Shaid Wadvalla]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||3||2001||2002
|-
|data-sort-value="Wainscott, Ernest"|[[Ernest Wainscott]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||3||1973||1975
|-
|data-sort-value="Walker, Derek"|[[Derek Walker (cricketer)|Derek Walker]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||9||2014||2016
|-
|data-sort-value="Ward, John"|[[John Ward (umpire)|John Ward]]||{{flag|Australia}}||7||2014||2016
|-
|data-sort-value="Watkin, Evan"|[[Evan Watkin]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||23||1995||2010
|-
|data-sort-value="Watson, Arthur"|[[Arthur Watson (umpire)|Arthur Watson]]||{{flag|Australia}}||3||1979||1980
|-
|data-sort-value="Weekes, Andrew"|[[Andrew Weekes]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||3||1983||1989
|-
|data-sort-value="Weser, Don"|[[Don Weser]]||{{flag|Australia}}||8||1979||1981
|-
|data-sort-value="Wharf, Alex"|[[Alex Wharf]]||{{flag|England}}||11||2018||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Whitehead, Alan"|[[Alan Whitehead (cricketer)|Alan Whitehead]]||{{flag|England}}||14||1979||2001
|-
|data-sort-value="Whitehead, Rex"|[[Rex Whitehead]]||{{flag|Australia}}||14||1979||1983
|-
|data-sort-value="Whyte, Pat"|[[Pat Whyte]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||4||1983||1988
|-
|data-sort-value="Wickramasinghe, Udaya"|[[Udaya Wickramasinghe]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||13||1991||1998
|-
|data-sort-value="Wijewardene, EKG"|[[E. K. G. Wijewardene]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||1||1999||1999
|-
|data-sort-value="Wijewardene, Tyron"|[[Tyron Wijewardene]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||52||1999||2013
|-
|data-sort-value="Willey, Peter"|[[Peter Willey]]||{{flag|England}}||34||1996||2003
|-
|data-sort-value="Williams, Jacqueline"|[[Jacqueline Williams]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||5||2019||2019
|-
|data-sort-value="Wilson, Joel"|[[Joel Wilson (umpire)|Joel Wilson]]||{{flag|West Indies}}||81||2011||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Wilson, Paul"|[[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]]||{{flag|Australia}}||32||2014||2020
|-
|data-sort-value="Wimalasiri, Raveendra"|[[Raveendra Wimalasiri]]||{{flag|Sri Lanka}}||24||2013||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Woodward, Steve"|[[Steve Woodward]]||{{flag|New Zealand}}||30||1982||1992
|-
|data-sort-value="Yaqoob, Asif"|[[Asif Yaqoob]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||3||2019||2022
|-
|data-sort-value="Zaidi, Athar"|[[Athar Zaidi]]||{{flag|Pakistan}}||10||1984||1999
|}

==In-game changes==
The figures include the following occasion when an on-field umpire was replaced during an ODI:
*Three umpires were used for the [[Indian cricket team in Australia in 2015–16#4th ODI|4th ODI between Australia and India]] at Canberra in 2015–16. [[Richard Kettleborough]] was injured during Australia's innings and was replaced by third umpire [[Paul Wilson (cricketer)|Paul Wilson]].<ref name="Kettleborough">{{cite web | url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia-v-india-2015-16/content/story/963725.html | title=Umpire Kettleborough retires hurt | publisher=ESPNcricinfo | date=20 January 2016 | access-date=20 January 2016 |first=Melinda |last=Farrell}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cricket umpires}}

[[Category:International cricket umpires]]
[[Category:Cricket-related lists|One Day International umpires]]
[[Category:One Day International cricket|Umpires]]
[[Category:One Day International cricket umpires]]

Outline of Telangana

2025-12-10T06:05:51Z

Nidanayurveda: created new stub w/ sources - done

{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to Telangana}}


[[File:IN-TG.svg|thumb|220px|Location of [[Telangana]]]]

The following [[outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Telangana:

'''[[Telangana]]''' – one of the 28 [[States and union territories of India|states]] in [[India]], and is located in [[South India]]. Telangana acquired its identity as the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking region of the [[Hyderabad State|princely state of Hyderabad]], ruled by the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]],<ref name="Anderson2013">{{cite book|author=Liam D. Anderson|title=Federal Solutions to Ethnic Problems: Accommodating Diversity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiAEvKgVOmAC&pg=PA173|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-78161-9|pages=173–}}</ref> joining the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] in 1948. In 1956, the Hyderabad state was dissolved as part of the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|linguistic reorganisation of states]] and Telangana was merged with former [[Andhra State]] to form [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Following a [[Telangana movement|movement for separation]]<ref name="Notification">{{cite web|title=Notification|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/158365.pdf|work=The Gazette of India|publisher=Government of India|date=4 March 2014|accessdate=4 March 2014}}</ref>

{{TOC limit|limit=2}}

== General reference ==
=== Names ===
** Official name: Telangana
** Common name: Telangana
*** Pronunciation:
** Native name = తెలంగాణ تلنگانہ
** Originally known as :
** Nicknames
*** Seed Bowl of India<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2014/jun/02/kcr-promises-to-make-telangana-as-seed-bowl-of-india-620477.html | title=KCR Promises to Make Telangana as Seed Bowl of India | date=2 June 2014 | newspaper=The New Indian Express | access-date=22 February 2020 }}</ref>
** [[Adjectivals and demonyms for states and territories of India|Adjectivals]]
*** [[Telugu language|Telugites]]
** [[Adjectivals and demonyms for states and territories of India|Demonyms]]
*** [[Telugu people|Telugite]]
** Abbreviations and name codes
*** [[ISO 3166-2:IN#Current codes|ISO 3166-2 code]]: IN-TG
*** [[Vehicle registration]] code: [[Vehicle registration plates of India#States|TG]]

=== Rankings (amongst India's states) ===

* [[India states ranked by population|by population]]: 12th
* [[List of states and territories of India by area|by area]] (2011 census): 11th
* [[Indian states and territories ranking by crime rate|by crime rate]] (2015): 5th
* [[List of Indian states by GDP|by gross domestic product (GDP)]]: 10th
*[[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|by Human Development Index (HDI)]]:
*[[List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth|by life expectancy at birth]]:
*[[Indian states ranking by literacy rate|by literacy rate]]:

== Geography of Telangana ==

[[Geography of Telangana]]
* Telangana is: an [[Indian state]]
* [[Population of Telangana]]:
* [[Area of Telangana]]:
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Telangana_Atlas_Release_by_KTR.jpg Atlas of Telangana]

=== Location of Telangana ===
* Telangana is situated within the following regions:
** [[Northern Hemisphere]]
** [[Eastern Hemisphere]]
*** [[Eurasia]]
**** [[Asia]]
***** [[South Asia]]
****** [[Indian subcontinent]]
******* [[India]]
******** [[South India]]
* [[Time zone]]: [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Telangana
|North = [[Maharashtra]] and [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northeast = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|East = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Southeast = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|South = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|Southwest = [[Karnataka]]
|West = [[Karnataka]]
|Northwest = [[Maharashtra]]
}}

=== Environment of Telangana ===

* [[Wildlife of Telangana]]
** [[Flora of Telangana]]
** [[Fauna of Telangana]]
*** [[List of birds of Telangana|Birds of Telangana]]

==== Natural geographic features of Telangana ====

=== Protected areas of Telangana ===

==== Wildlife Sanctuaries ====
[[File:Forest at Chintoor in Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh.JPG|thumb|300px|Forest at Eturnagaram, Telangana]]

* [[Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve]]
* [[Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* Pranahitha Wildlife Sanctuary

==== National Parks ====

* [[Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park]]
* [[Mrugavani National Park]]
* [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park]]

==== Zoo Park ====

* [[Nehru Zoological Park]]

=== Regions of Telangana ===

==== Ecoregions of Telangana ====

==== Administrative divisions of Telangana ====

===== Districts of Telangana =====

* [[List of districts of Telangana|Districts of Telangana]]

===== Municipalities of Telangana =====

[[Municipalities of Telangana]]

* [[Capital city|Capital]] of Telangana: [[Hyderabad]]
* [[List of cities in Telangana|Cities of Telangana]]

=== Demography of Telangana ===

[[Demographics of Telangana]]

== Government and politics of Telangana ==
[[Image:Hyderabad Town Hall.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The state assembly building in [[Hyderabad, Telangana]].]]

[[Politics of Telangana]]

* [[Form of government]]: [[Indian state government]] ([[parliamentary system]] of [[representative democracy]])
* [[Hyderabad]]
* [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]]
* [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party Telangana]]
* [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]

=== Union government in Telangana ===
* [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana|Rajya Sabha members from Telangana]]
* [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]]

=== Branches of the government of Telangana ===

[[Government of Telangana]]

==== Executive branch of the government of Telangana ====

* [[Head of state]]: [[Governor of Telangana]],
* [[Head of government]]: [[Chief Minister of Telangana]],

==== Legislative branch of the government of Telangana ====

[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly|Constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==== Judicial branch of the government of Telangana ====

=== Law and order in Telangana ===

* [[Law enforcement in Telangana]]
** [[Telangana Police]]

== History of Telangana ==

[[History of Telangana]]

=== History of Telangana, by period ===

* [[Assaka]]
* [[Satavahana dynasty]]
* [[Ikshvaku]]
* [[Vishnukundina]]
* [[Eastern Chalukyas]]
* [[Kakatiya dynasty]]
* [[Bahmani Sultanate]]
* [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
* [[Hyderabad State]]
* [[Telangana Rebellion]]
* [[Telangana movement]]
* [[Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014]]

==== Prehistoric Telangana ====

==== Ancient Telangana ====

==== Medieval Telangana ====

==== Colonial Telangana ====

==== Contemporary Telangana ====

=== History of Telangana, by region ===

=== History of Telangana, by subject ===

== Culture of Telangana ==
{{bar box
|title=Languages in Telangana<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/d2011010502.pdf skc report]</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Language
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|orange|77}}
{{bar percent|[[Urdu]]|green|12}}
{{bar percent|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|red|2}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|9}}
}}

[[Culture of Telangana]]
* [[Architecture of Telangana]]
** [[Temples of Telangana]]
* [[Languages of Telangana]]
* Monuments in Telangana
** [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Telangana|Monuments of National Importance in Telangana]]
** [[List of State Protected Monuments in Telangana|State Protected Monuments in Telangana]]
* World Heritage Sites in Telangana

=== The arts in Telangana ===

* [[Cinema of Telangana]]
** [[Telugu cinema]]

* [[Nirmal toys and craft]]
* [[Pembarthi Metal Craft]]
* [[Cheriyal scroll painting]]

=== Cuisine of Telangana ===
[[File:India food.jpg|thumb|200px|Hyderabadi Biryani]]

* [[Telangana cuisine]]
* [[Hyderabadi cuisine]]
**[[Hyderabadi Biryani]]
**[[Hyderabadi Haleem]]
**[[Double ka meetha]]
**[[Sakinalu]]

=== Festivals in Telangana ===

* [[Ugadi]]
* [[Navratri|Dasara]]
* [[Vinayaka Chathurthi]]
* [[Eid ul-Fitr]]
* [[Easter]]
* [[Bonalu]]
* [[Batukamma]]

=== People of Telangana ===

* [[List of people from Telangana|People from Telangana]]

=== Religion in Telangana ===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Telangana
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Hinduism|orange|86}}
{{bar percent|Islam|green|12.4}}
{{bar percent|Christianity|red|1.4}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.4}}
}}
[[File:Sangameshwar Temple at Alampur.JPG|thumb|right|Sangameshwar temple at Alampur]]

[[Religion in Telangana]]
* [[Christianity in Telangana]]
* [[Hinduism in Telangana]]
** [[Temples of Telangana]]
{{clear}}

=== Sports in Telangana ===

* [[Football in Telangana]]
** [[Telangana Football Association]]
** [[Telangana State League]]
** [[Telangana football team]]
* [[List of stadiums in Hyderabad|Stadiums in Hyderabad]]

=== Symbols of Telangana ===

[[Symbols of Telangana]]
* State animal: [[chital|Spotted deer]]
* State bird: [[Indian roller|Pala pitta]]
* State flower: [[Senna auriculata|Tanged puvvu]]
* State seal: [[Seal of Telangana]]
* State song: ''[[Jaya Jaya He Telangana Janani Jayakethanam]]''
* State tree: [[Prosopis cineraria|Jammi tree]]

== Economy and infrastructure of Telangana ==
[[File:MindSpace campus in Hyderabad, India.jpg|thumb|The [[HITEC City]] is a major IT hub of Hyderabad]]

[[Economy of Telangana]]
* [[Software industry in Telangana]]
* [[Tourism in Telangana]]
* [[Transport in Telangana]]
** [[List of airports in Telangana|Airports in Telangana]]
** [[Roads in Telangana]]
** [[List of State Highways in Telangana|State Highways in Telangana]]

== Education in Telangana ==

[[Education in Telangana]]
* [[List of educational institutions in Telangana|Educational institutions in Telangana]]
* [[List of institutions of higher education in Telangana|Institutions of higher education in Telangana]]

== Health in Telangana ==

[[Health in Telangana]]

== See also ==

* [[Outline of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|voy=Telangana|Telangana}}
{{wikiatlas|Telangana}}
* [http://www.telangana.gov.in/ Official Telangana Web site]
* [http://magazine.telangana.gov.in/ Telangana Magazine]

{{Outline footer}}

[[Category:Outlines of Indian states|Telangana]]
[[Category:Outlines|Telangana]]
[[Category:Telangana| 1]]
[[Category:Telangana-related lists| ]]

Bhaktavatsala Perumal temple, Tirukannamangai

2025-11-15T02:13:03Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tiruvarur}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Bhaktavatsala Perumal Temple
| image = Thirukannamangai2.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|10|47|58|N|79|35|13|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruvarur district|Tiruvarur]]
| location = Thirukkannamangai, [[Kodavasal]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Perumpurakkadal ([[Vishnu]]), Kannamangai Nayagi ([[Lakshmi]]), Bakthavathsalan ([[Vishnu]]), Abhishekavalli
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank = Darshana
| tower = Utpala
| festivals= Brahmothsavam Chithrai Month
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

The '''Bhaktavatsala Perumal Temple''' is a temple dedicated to [[Hindus|Hindu]] god [[Vishnu]], located in Thirukannamangai, a village in [[Tiruvarur district]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Constructed in []], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is counted as one among the 108 [[Divya Desams]] dedicated to Vishnu. Vishnu is worshipped as Bhaktavatsala Perumal and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Kannamangai Nayagi.

The temple is believed to be of significant antiquity and is believed to be initiated by the [[Medieval Cholas]] of the late 9th century CE, with later contributions at different times from [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayaks]]. The temple has three inscriptions dating from the [[Chola dynasty|Chola period]]. The temple has a five-tiered ''rajagopuram'' (gateway tower) and enshrined within a granite wall. The complex contains all the shrines and the temple tank is located outside the main entrance of the temple.

Bhaktavatsala Perumal is believed to have appeared to marry his consort [[Lakshmi]] in the place. The temple observes six daily rituals and three yearly festivals. The chariot festival, celebrated during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'' (March–April), is the most prominent festival of the temple. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Thirukannamangai5.JPG|250px|thumb|left|Image of the entrance arch]]
As per Hindu legend, [[Varuna]], the guardian deity of the west and sage Romasa are believed to have worshipped Vishnu at this place. The beehive in the temple is believed to be [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]] worshipping Vishnu and in modern times, has special rituals performed for it.<ref>{{cite book|title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=535|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&q=govindaraja+perumal+temple&pg=PA242|last=Ayyar|first=P. V. Jagadisa|isbn=9788120601512|location=New Delhi|year=1982}}</ref> [[Shiva]] is believed to guard the four corners of the temple. As per another legend, when the [[Kshira Sagara|Ocean of Milk]] was [[Samudra Manthana|churned]] by [[asura]]s and devas, various objects emerged from it. At the end of it, [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of prosperity, emerged, and was too shy to look at Vishnu. She went on to Thirukannamangai to perform penance seeking the hands of Vishnu for marriage. The festival deity of the temple is called Perum Purak katal as he is believed to have left his place to marry her. Local legend marks the places as Lakshmi Vanam, the forest where Lakshmi performed her penance. The temple tank is believed to have originated from the water drops in Brahma's cache when he worshipped [[Vamana]], an [[avatar]] of Vishnu.<ref name=Vijaya/> The temple finds mention in ''[[Skanda Purana]]'' and ''[[Brahmanda Purana]]''.<ref name=Rao>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu|publisher=Vasan Publications|last=Rao|first=A.V. Shankara Narayana|isbn=9788184681123|year=2012|pages=216-8}}</ref>

==Architecture==
The temple<ref>''Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu''. Sura books.</ref> has a 5-tier ''raja[[gopuram]]'' and a vast temple complex. The prime deity, Bhaktavatsalar has an imposing image. The temple tank is situated right opposite to the temple and is considered one of the largest temple tanks in the state. This shrine is also referred to as ''Saptamrita Kshetram'' (seven celebrated elements of nature), referring to seven of its elements such as ''[[Vimanam (tower)|Vimanam]]'', ''[[Mandap]]am'', ''aaranyam'', ''[[theertham|tirtham]]'', ''[[kshetram]]'', river and town.<ref name=Vijaya/> The main entrance of the temple faces the East and at the entrance of the temple, there is a four pillared open hall. The temple has a {{convert|90|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall [[gopuram|rajagopuram]] (temple tower) and is enclosed by rectangular walls around it. There is a smaller temple tower on the western side. The walls of the temple is surrounded by large streets, through which the temple chariot passes along during festivals. A rare image of [[Buddha]], image of Vaikunta Natha and Vishnu mounted on his eagle mount Garuda are the major images in the temple. There is a pillared hall leading to the shrine of Kannamangai Thayar shrine that has pillars with Nayak architectural representation.<ref name=Vijaya/>

==Festivals and religious practices==
The temple follows the traditions of the [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] sect of Vaishnavite tradition and follows ''vaikanasa aagama''. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, from the Brahmin varna. The temple rituals are performed four times a day: ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 8:30 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Bhaktavatsala Perumal and Kannamangai Thayar. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram|nadasvaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred texts) and ''Nalayira Divya Prabandam'' are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar"/>

During the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'', Brahmotsavam, a 10-day festival is celebrated and the festival deity is taken in procession around the streets of the temple in different mounts each day. The other festivals associated with Vishnu temples like [[Krishna Janmashtami|Krishna Jayanti]], Saturdays of Tamil month Puratasi, [[Navratri|Navaratri]], [[Vaikunta Ekadasi|Vaikuntha Ekadashi]] and [[Vijayadashami|Vijayadasami]] are celebrated during the respective days.<ref name=Vijaya/>

==Religious importance==
[[File:Thirukannamangai1.JPG|250px|left|thumb|Image of the temple tank]]
Tirukannamangai is mentioned in ''Padma Purana'', one of the 18 sacred scriptures of Hinduism. The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Thirumangai alvar]].<ref name=Vijaya>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|ref=R|pages=463–4}}</ref> The Alvar has sung praise, imagining himself as a lady and Bhaktavatsala as his lover. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Bhaktavatchala Perumal Temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=335|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=18 May 2016|year=2011}}</ref> Many [[acharyas]] have also written songs on the various forms of Bhaktavatsala in this Temple.<ref name=Vijaya/> Tirukanna Mankaiyantan, the disciple of [[Nathamuni]] was born here during the 10th century. Thivyakavi Pillai Peruman has revered the presiding deity in his works of ''Notriyettu Tirupathi Kovai'' and Paravai Ramanujar in his works of ''Notriyettu Tirupati Tirupugal''. One of the three Sangeetha Mumurthi, namely [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]], has sung praise of the deity in his verses.<ref name=Vijaya/>

{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width:300"
|-
!style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan="2"|'''Pancha Kannan Temples'''
|-
|align="center"| [[Loganatha Perumal Temple]]||[[Thirukannangudi]]
|-
|align="center"|[[Gajendra Varadha Temple]]||[[Kabisthalam]]
|-
|align="center"| [[Neelamegha Perumal Temple]] ||[[Thirukannapuram]]
|-
|align="center"| Bhaktavatsala Perumal Temple ||[[Thirukannamangai]]
|-
|align="center"| [[Ulagalantha Perumal Temple, Tirukoyilur|Ulagalantha Perumal Temple]] ||[[Tirukkoyilur|Thirukkovilur]]
|}

This temple is one of the Panchakanna (Krishnaranya) Kshetrams. Kannan refers to [[Krishna]], the [[avatar]] of Vishnu, while ''pancha'' means five and ''Kshetrams'' refers to holy places. Four of the five temples are situated in [[Chola Nadu]], in modern times, in the region surrounding [[Kumbakonam]] and [[Nagapattinam]] and one of them in Nadu Nadu. Krishna is not the presiding deity in any of the temples. The processional deity, Krishna, led to the derivation of the names of these places. There are five similar temples located in North India, called Pancha-dvarakas.<ref>{{cite book |last=T. |first=Padmaja |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamil Nadu |year=2002 |publisher=Shakti Malik |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7017-398-1|pages=93–94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&q=pancha+kannan&pg=PA93}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Divya Desams]]
* [[Mangalasasanam by Divyadesam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple1.jpg
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple3.jpg
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple4.jpg
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple5.jpg
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple6.jpg
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple7.jpg
Kannamangai baktavatchala perumal temple8.jpg
</gallery>

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples in Tiruvarur district]]

3x3 Pro Basketball League

2025-11-08T18:12:26Z

Nidanayurveda: Made a entry - done

{{Short description|3x3 basketball league in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox sports league
| title = 3x3 International Pro Basketball League
| sport = [[Basketball]]
| last_season =
| logo = 3bl-logo.png
| inaugural = 2017
| teams = 12 Men & 6 Women
| ceo = [[Rohit Bakshi (entrepreneur)|Rohit Bakshi]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2017}}
| owner = YKBK Enterprise Private Limited
| motto =
| country = [[India]] (originally)
| tv = SonySix, SonyLIV
| headquarters = [[Gurugram, Haryana]]
| champions =
| website = [https://www.3x3bl.com/ Official website]
}}

'''3x3 International Pro Basketball League''' was a men's and women's professional [[3x3 basketball]] league founded in [[India]].<ref name="Scroll">{{cite news |last1=Sudevan |first1=Praveen |title=3BL league aims to take Indian basketball to 2020 Olympics but there's a long way to go |url=https://scroll.in/field/890510/3bl-league-aims-to-take-indian-basketball-to-2020-olympics-but-theres-a-long-way-to-go |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Founded in 2017, the competition currently consists of 12 teams in men's and 6 in women's league.

== History ==
3BL is managed by YKBK Enterprise Private Limited, a company registered and headquartered in [[Gurugram, Haryana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=3×3 Pro Basketball League owner eyes broadcast deal, Rs 100 cr rev in three years |url=https://www.televisionpost.com/3x3-pro-basketball-league-owner-eyes-broadcast-deal-rs-100-cr-rev-in-three-years/ |work=TelevisionPost |date=16 July 2018 |access-date=27 June 2020 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717171503/http://www.televisionpost.com/3x3-pro-basketball-league-owner-eyes-broadcast-deal-rs-100-cr-rev-in-three-years/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> YKBK is the exclusive right holder of operating a Professional 3x3 Basketball League in the [[Indian subcontinent]] by FIBA, which includes six countries (India, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Nepal]], [[Maldives]] and [[Bhutan]]). 3BL was founded by [[Rohit Bakshi (entrepreneur)|Rohit Bakshi]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news |title=3X3 Pro Basketball League from June 9 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/3x3-pro-basketball-league-from-june-9/article23681680.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=26 April 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Matange |first1=Yash |title=NBA India All-Access: A conversation with 3BL Commissioner Rohit Bakshi |url=https://in.nba.com/news/nba-india-all-access-rohit-bakshi-3x3-pro-league-3bl-commissioner-india-season-2/ad6ied5xth461furgj7hoa31c |work=[[National Basketball Association]] |date=22 January 2019 }}</ref>
The first season of the league was played in [[Bengaluru]], [[Delhi]], [[Aizawl]], [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], and [[Mumbai]].<ref name="Scroll"/><ref>{{cite news |title=India has first-mover advantage in 3x3 basketball for Tokyo Olympics, says 3BL commissioner Rohit Bakshi |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-has-first-mover-advantage-in-3x3-basketball-for-tokyo-olympics-says-3bl-commissioner-rohit-bakshi-5431961.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

== Indian teams ==
There are currently 18 teams with international and Indian players, both men and women.<ref>{{cite news |title=3BL to introduce women's league from this year |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/basketball/basketball-3x3-3bl-pro-basketball-league-indian-sub-continent-womens-league-2019/article28436620.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 July 2019 }} - {{cite news |title=3x3 Pro Basketball League returns for the second season from August 2 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/3x3-pro-basketball-league-returns-for-the-second-season-from-august-2/21354164 |work=[[Mid-Day]] |date=15 July 2019}} - {{cite news |title=3BL returns for second season |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20190716/283485027720519 |work=[[The Asian Age]] |date=16 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=3X3 Pro Basketball League: Results from Round 4 of 3BL Season 2 |url=https://in.nba.com/news/3x3-pro-basketball-league-results-from-round-4-of-3bl-season-2/18723jt2l8pvr1gla63tifc8tc |work=NBA.com India {{!}} The official site of the NBA |language=en}}</ref>

{{Location map+|India3|float=right|width=360|caption=Men and Women 3BL teams. Green denotes a Men's team and Pink denotes a Women's team. Delhi has both Men's and Women's teams.|places=
{{Location map~|India|label='''Wingers'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=23.03|long=72.58}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Machas'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=12.96|long=77.56}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Icons'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=top|lat=13.06|long=80.25}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Hoopers/Divas'''|mark=Blue_pog.svg|position=top|lat=28.64|long=77.22}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Masters'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=28.45|long=77.1}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Panthers'''|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=right|lat=18.5204|long=73.8567}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Ballers'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=17.331725|long=78.473712}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Regals'''|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=left|lat=26.9|long=75.8}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Stars'''|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=left|lat=9.97|long=76.28}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Warriors'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=22.56|long=88.36}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Ligers'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=bottom|lat=26.8467|long=80.9462}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Heroes'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=19.02|long=72.86}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Queens'''|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=left|lat=30.91|long=75.85}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Spunkies'''|mark=Pink_pog.svg|position=left|lat=11.018333|long=76.9725}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Snipers'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=left|lat=15.5|long=73.83}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Legends'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=23.727222|long=92.717778}}
{{Location map~|India|label='''Challengers'''|mark=Green_pog.svg|position=right|lat=30.75|long=76.78}}
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Men's
|-
! Teams !! State/City
|-
| Ahmedabad Wingers|| [[Ahmedabad]]
|-
| Aizawl Legends|| [[Aizawl]]
|-
| Bangalore Machas|| [[Bangalore]]
|-
| Chandigarh Challengers|| [[Chandigarh]]
|-
| Chennai Icons|| [[Chennai]]
|-
| Delhi Hoopers|| [[Delhi]]
|-
| Goa Snipers|| [[Goa]]
|-
| Gurugram Masters|| [[Gurugram]]
|-
| Hyderabad Ballers|| [[Hyderabad]]
|-
| Kolkata Warriors|| [[Kolkata]]
|-
| Lucknow Ligers|| [[Lucknow]]
|-
| Mumbai Heroes|| [[Mumbai]]
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Women's
|-
! Teams !! State/City
|-
| Coimbatore Spunkies|| [[Coimbatore]]
|-
| Delhi Divas|| [[Delhi]]
|-
| Jaipur Regals|| [[Jaipur]]
|-
| Kochi Stars|| [[Kochi]]
|-
| Ludhiana Queens || [[Ludhiana]]
|-
| Pune Panthers|| [[Pune]]
|}

== Seasons==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Season 1
|-
! Rank !! Team !! M !! W !! W% !! PTS
|-
| 1|| Delhi Hoopers|| 30|| 27|| 90|| 580
|-
| 2|| Ahmedabad Wingers|| 26|| 16|| 62|| 415
|-
| 3|| Bangalore Machas|| 23|| 16|| 70|| 375
|-
| 4|| Mumbai Hustlers|| 21|| 10|| 48|| 310
|-
| 5|| Hyderabad Ballers|| 19|| 10|| 53|| 286
|-
| 6|| Aizawl Legends|| 18|| 7|| 39|| 251
|-
| 7|| Jaipur Regals|| 17|| 7|| 41|| 241
|-
| 8|| Chennai Icons|| 18 || 7|| 39|| 221
|-
| 9|| Kochi Knights|| 14|| 4|| 29|| 174
|-
| 10|| Goa Snipers|| 14|| 5|| 36|| 161
|-
| 11|| Chandigarh Beasts|| 15|| 3|| 20|| 153
|-
| 12|| Kolkata Warriors|| 13|| 1|| 8|| 121
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Season 2 (Conference A)
|-
! Rank !! Team !! M !! W !! W% !! PTS
|-
| 1|| Chandigarh Challengers (2)|| 10|| 7|| 70|| 197
|-
| 2|| Goa Snipers (5)|| 10|| 5|| 50|| 187
|-
| 3|| Delhi Hoopers (1)|| 11|| 5|| 45|| 175
|-
| 4|| Chennai Icon (4)|| 8|| 5|| 62|| 151
|-
| 5|| Aizawl Legends (6)|| 8|| 4|| 50|| 128
|-
| 6|| Bangalore Machas (3)|| 7|| 1|| 14|| 103
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Conference B
|-
! Rank !! Team !! M !! W !! W% !! PTS
|-
| 1|| Gurugram Masters (2)|| 12|| 11|| 92|| 247
|-
| 2|| Mumbai Heroes (1)|| 12|| 10|| 83|| 237
|-
| 3|| Kolkata Warriors (5)|| 9|| 3|| 33|| 153
|-
| 4|| Hyderabad Ballers (4)|| 7|| 1|| 14|| 116
|-
| 5|| Lucknow Ligers (3)|| 8|| 2|| 25|| 108
|-
| 6|| Ahmedabad Wingers (6)|| 6|| 0|| 0|| 84
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Women
|-
! Rank !! Team !! M !! W !! W% !! PTS
|-
| 1|| Kochi Stars (6)|| 10|| 7|| 70|| 160
|-
| 2|| Pune Panthers (4)|| 11|| 7|| 64|| 176
|-
| 3|| Coimbatore Spunkies (2)|| 10|| 6|| 60|| 165
|-
| 4|| Jaipur Regals (1)|| 9|| 4|| 44|| 141
|-
| 5|| Ludhiana Queens (5)|| 7|| 2|| 29|| 86
|-
| 6|| Delhi Divas (3)|| 7|| 1|| 14|| 61
|}

== See also ==
* [[FIBA 3x3 World Tour]]
* [[UBA Pro Basketball League]]
* [[Elite Pro Basketball League]]
* [[INBL]]
* [[Mizoram Super League]]
* [[National Basketball Championship (men)|National Basketball Championship]]
* [[Sports in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://3x3bl.com/ Official website]

[[Category:2017 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Basketball competitions in India]]
[[Category:Basketball teams in India]]
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 2017]]

Hari Singh Thapa

2025-10-19T16:18:59Z

Nidanayurveda: created a bio first draft - done

{{refimprove|date=August 2024}}
{{Short description|Indian boxer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Hari Singh Thapa
| image =
| image_size = 
| alt =
| caption = Hari Singh Thapa in a bout at the [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]]
| native_name = हरि सिंह थापा
| native_name_lang = hi
| birth_name =
| full_name = 
| nickname =
| national_team = {{flagIOC|IND}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|08|14}}
| birth_place = [[Jhansi]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British Raj|British India]]
 (present day Jhansi, [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|02|07|1932|08|14}}
| death_place = Naini-Saini, [[Pithoragarh district]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| height = 
| weight = 75 kg (1950-1959)
| spouse =
| website =
| sport = [[Boxing]]
| club =
| collegeteam =
| coach =
| module =
| show-medals = y
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[boxing]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1958 Asian Games|1958 Tokyo]]|[[Boxing at the 1958 Asian Games - Men's 75 kg|Men's 75 kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|South-East Asian Boxing Championships}}
{{MedalGold|1957 Rangoon|Men's 75 kg}}
}}
'''Hari Singh Thapa''' (14 August 1932 – 7 February 2021), also known as '''Hari Singh''', was an Indian [[Boxing|boxer]], who won a silver medal in [[Boxing at the 1958 Asian Games - Men's 75 kg|men's 75 kg]] at the [[1958 Asian Games]]. He defeated [[Leon Khachatourian]] by points in the semifinals, before losing by points to [[Chang Lo-pu]] in the final.

He was the Indian national boxing champion in men's 75 kg in 1950, 1954 and 1959. He won a gold medal in men's 75 kg at the South-East Asian Boxing Championships in 1957, held in [[Yangon|Rangoon]], by defeating Tin O of [[Burma]] in the final.<ref>{{cite web|title=South-East Asian Championships Aungsan Stadium, Rangoon, Burma December 10-15, 1957|url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/South-EastAsianChampionships1957.html|publisher=Amateur Boxing Results}}</ref>

He also competed at the [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]], knocking out Glyn Waters of [[Wales]] in the preliminary round. However, he could not play further due to an injury sustained during practice, and conceded a walkover to [[Terry Milligan]] in the quarterfinals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth (British Empire) Games - Cardiff, Wales - July 18-26 1958|url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Championships/CommonwealthGames1958.html|publisher=Amateur Boxing Results}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Boxing champion Hari Singh Thapa passes away|url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-news-boxing-champion-captain-hari-singh-thapa-died|publisher=Amar Ujala|date=7 February 2021}}</ref>

He died on 7 February 2021 at the age of 88.<ref>{{cite news |title=Captain Hari Singh Thapa passes away|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-captain-hari-singh-thapa-passes-away-21345645.html|publisher=Jagran|date=7 February 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakkar, K. P.}}
[[Category:Indian male boxers]]
[[Category:Boxers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in boxing]]
[[Category:Boxers at the 1958 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games boxers for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1958 Asian Games]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]

Arikesari II

2025-10-07T17:44:04Z

Nidanayurveda: Made a info

{{Short description|10th-century monarch in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
'''Arikesari II''' ({{Abbr|r.|reigned}} {{Circa|930-955}}) was a ruler of the [[Chalukyas of Vemulavada|Vemulavada Chalukya]] dynasty of present-day [[Telangana]], India. A [[Rashtrakuta]] vassal, he played an important role in dethroning the Rashtrakuta emperor [[Govinda IV]] and enthroning [[Amoghavarsha III]] as the new emperor. He was the patron of [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]], one of the earliest notable [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-language poets.
{{Chalukyas of Vemulavada}}
== Early life ==

Arikesari was a son of his predecessor [[Narasimha II of Vemulavada|Narasimha II]].{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=30}} A verse in the ''Vikramarjuna Vijayam'', composed by the Chalukya court poet [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]], states that Arikesari had Indra's shoulder as his cradle. According to one theory, this may mean that Arikesari's mother Jakavve was a daughter of the Rashtrakuta king [[Indra III]]. While this is plausible, no direct evidence supports this hypothesis.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=25}}

According to the Parbhani copper plate inscription, Arikesari II married two Rashtrakuta princesses - Revakanirmadi (the daughter of Indra III) and Lokambika.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=25}}

== Rebellion against Govinda ==

Arikesari's father Narasimha had served the Rashtrakuta king [[Indra III]] as a feudatory.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=25}} After Indra's death around c. 928–929, his eldest son Amoghavarsha II succeeded him, but the younger son [[Govinda IV]] usurped the throne shortly after.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=32-33}} Govinda subjugated the [[Chalukyas of Vengi]], whose former feudatories, such as the Chalukyas of Mudugonda, rose against him.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=33-34}} Govinda dispatched an army led by his general Rajamayya against Mudugonda, forcing its Chalukya ruler Vijayaditya (alias Bijja) to flee.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=34}} The records of Arikesari's family state that he gave shelter to Vijayaditya, and protected him from Govinda-raja (that is, Govinda IV).{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=31}} The Vengi Chalukyas, led by Bhima II, ultimately expelled the Rashtrakuta invaders, killing Rajamayya in the process.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=35}}

Govinda, displeased with Arikesari for having given asylum to Vijayaditya, sent an army led by Pandyaraya against Vemulavada.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=37}} Arikesari's Vemulavada inscription and his court poet [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]]'s ''Vikramarjuna Vijayam'' state that he defeated a large army headed by the ''maha-samanta'' ("great feudatory") sent by the emperor Gojjiga (identified with Govinda IV).{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=31,37}}

Arikesari formed an alliance with Govinda's paternal uncle Baddega-deva (later Amoghavarsha III), a rival claimant to the Rashtrakuta throne.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=37}} Baddega had been living in the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Tripuri Kalachuri]] kingdom ruled by Yuvarajadeva, whose sister was the grandmother of Baddega.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=32-33}} Baddega was also supported by the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga]] prince Butuga, who wanted to dethrone his own brother Rajamalla III from the Ganga throne.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=33}}

According to the Vemulavada records, Arikesari gave asylum to Baddega against Govinda's wishes.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=31}} Baddega and his son [[Krishna III]] arrived at Vemulavada, where they were probably joined by other enemies of Govinda.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=37-38}} Subsequently, Baddega's forces defeated Govinda's army in a battle, and Baddega ascended the Rashtrakuta throne, assuming the title Amoghavarsha.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=38}} The Vemulavada dynasty's records state that Govinda invaded Vemulavada because Arikesari gave shelter to Baddega: Arikesari not only repulsed the imperial invasion, but also dethroned the emperor, and handed over the empire to Baddega.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=31}}

== Conflict with Bappuva ==

The records of Arikesari's family state Arikesari single-handedly repulsed an invasion by an ''ankakara'' of Bappuva, the younger brother of Kakkala.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=31}} The identity of Bappuva and Kakkala is not certain, but they were most probably enemies of Arikesari's overlord [[Amoghavarsha III]], and Arikesari appears to have defeated them on the orders of the emperor. Some earlier scholars identified Kakkala as the Rashtrakuta king Kakkala II ([[Karka II]]), but this is not correct, as Kakkala II ascended the Rashtrakuta throne much later, in 972.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=38-39}}

A [[Shilahara]] grant inscription mentions one Karkara, who was overthrown by Amoghavarsha III. However, there is no concrete evidence to suggest that this Karkara was same as Kakkala: he is not known to have had a brother named Bappuva.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=39}}

The 940 Deoli inscription states that [[Krishna III]], the son and successor of Amoghavarsha III, killed a chief named Bappuka. The name "Bappuka" may be a variant of "Bappuva", but this Bappuka is not known to have had a brother named Kakkala. Therefore, his identification as Arikesari's enemy is not certain either.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=39}}

== Cultural activities ==

Arikesari's court poet [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]] composed the [[Kannada language|Kannada-language]] text ''[[Vikramarjuna Vijaya]]''. The text contains Pampa's version of a ''[[Mahabharata]]'' story with the legendary warrior [[Arjuna]] as its hero: the poet identifies Arjuna with his patron Arikesari.{{sfn|Siba Pada Sen|1979|p=343}}

== Legacy ==

=== Vemulavada inscription ===

Arikesari is attested by an undated [[Sanskrit]]-language inscription issued during his reign, discovered at Vemulavada.{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=10}} The inscription states that his minister Peddanarya built a [[Surya|sun]] (Aditya) temple at Vemulavada, and that Arikesari granted a pice of land to this temple, at the request of Baddiga-deva (his overlord [[Amoghavarsha III]]).{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=41}} The land was donated The donated land was used to build a feeding house for the pilgrims visiting the temple.{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=10}} The temple mentioned in the inscription does not exist anymore.{{sfn|Jaisetty Ramanaiah|1989|p=4}}

According to the inscription, Peddanarya was Arikesari's ''tantra-pala'' (minister of the army); his father Nagamarya was the ''tantra-pala'' of Arikesari's overlord Amoghavarsha.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|pp=40-41}} The inscription also mentions another office named Gunamkusha, who held the office of ''sandhi-vigrahi'' (minister of war and peace) in Arikesari's administration.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=40}}

The inscription provides Arikesari's genealogy, starting from his ancestor [[Vinayaditya of Podana|Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla]]. It describes the achievements of the dynasty's rulers, and the political events from Arikesari's reign.{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=10}}

The inscription states that Arikesari bore the titles ''Pambarankusham'', ''Ammana-gandhavaranam'', ''Gandhebha-Vidyadharam'', ''Arudha-Sarvajnan'', ''Udatta-narayanan'', ''Nodutti-gevlon'', ''Guna-nidhi'', ''Gunarnava'', ''Sharanagata-vajrapanjara'', ''Priyagalla'', ''Tribhuvana-malla'', and ''Samanta-Chudamani''. The title ''Tribhuvana-malla'' was later assumed by the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] kings.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=40}}

=== Kurikyala inscription ===
[[File:10th century Bommalagutta Jain bas-reliefs and inscription, Telangana - 12.jpg|thumb|Kurikyala inscription, [[Bommalagutta]] ]]

Another undated inscription from Arikesari's reign was found at the Kurikyala (or Kurkyala) village in Karimnagar district. This inscription features [[Sanskrit]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages. It records the construction of a Jain shrine ([[basadi]]) by Jinavallabha, the younger brother of Arikesari's court poet [[Adikavi Pampa|Pampa]]. The inscription states that Jinavallabha commissioned a shrine named Tribhuvana-tilaka, a tank named Kavita-gunarnava, and a garden named Madana-vilasa; he also installed the images of the first and the last Jain [[tirthankara]]s at the shrine. In addition, it provides information about the origin and genealogy of Pampa's family.{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=14}}

=== Successors ===

Arikesari had two sons: Vagaraja and Bhadradeva (alias Baddega-Narasinga; son of Lokambika), who were half-brothers.{{sfn|N Venkataramanayya|1953|p=42}} Vagaraja (r. c. 941–950) and Bhadradeva (r. c. 941–946) appear to have ruled simultaneously for a few years, and after them, the throne was occupied by Bhadradeva's son [[Arikesari III]] (r. c. 946–968).{{sfn|Kolluru Suryanarayana|1993|p=6}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Jaisetty Ramanaiah |title=The Chalukya and the Kakatiya Temples: A Study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqwyAAAAIAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan |isbn=978-81-217-0058-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Kolluru Suryanarayana |title=Inscriptions of the Minor Chalukya Dynasties of Andhra Pradesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4PCyXslrNsC&pg=PA10 |year=1993 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-216-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=N Venkataramanayya |title=The Chālukyas of L(V)ēmulavāḍa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8k7_1PaFCsCx |publisher=Archaeological Department, Government of Hyderabad |year=1953 |oclc=958874923 }}
* {{cite book |editor=Siba Pada Sen |title=Historical biography in Indian literature |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12220 |year=1979 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies |oclc=7682686}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Chalukya kings of Vemulavada]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]]

Telugu years

2025-09-29T14:26:55Z

Nidanayurveda: creating the info nd citations

{{Short description|Calendar year in Telugu culture}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{More citations needed|article|date=September 2014}}
In [[India]], the '''Telugu''' '''year''' is the calendar year of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speaking people of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], and the [[enclave]] [[Yanam]].

Each Yuga ([[era]]) has a cycle of 60 years. Each year of [[Ugadi]] year has a specific name in [[Panchangam]] (astronomical calendar) based on astrological influences and the name of the year; this denotes the overall character of that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kaavyaanjali.blogspot.com/2008/04/telugu-year-names.html |title=Telugu Year Names |accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref> The calendar includes 60 year names.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucorner.com/samvathsaralu.php |title=Telugu Samvatsaramulu Perlu |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228030006/http://www.telugucorner.com/samvathsaralu.php |archivedate=2012-12-28 |accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref> Every 60 years, one name cycle completes, repeat in the next omnibus cycle. For example, the Telugu name for 1954 is "Jaya", and it first repeated in 2014. [[Ugadi]] is the Telugu new year festival in spring (usually March or April). These years always change on Ugadi.

In Telugu [[mythology]], the names of the years are those of Maharshi [[Narada]]'s children's names. To teach a lesson to Naradha, Lord [[Vishnu]] presented an illusion to Naradha of a lady, who eventually gave birth to 60 children – all of whom were to die in a war. After this [[denouement]], and Narada having learned his lesson, Vishnu offered boon to Naradha that his children's names would be the names of the cyclic, and that their specific characteristics would carry over to those that years. E.g., 2024 is a Krodhi year.

==Years==
The sixty Ugadi year names are as follows:

# (1867, 1927, 1987, 2047) Prabhava ప్రభవ (యజ్ఞములు అధికంగా జరుగుతాయి)
# (1868, 1928, 1988, 2048) Vibhava విభవ (సుఖంగా జీవిస్తారు)
# (1869, 1929, 1989, 2049) Śukla శుక్ల (సమృద్దిగా పంటలు పండుతాయి)
# (1870, 1930, 1990, 2050) Pramōdyuta ప్రమోద్యూత (అందరికి ఆనందాన్ని ఇస్తుంది)
# (1871, 1931, 1991, 2051) Prajōtpatti ప్రజోత్పత్తి (అన్నింటిలోను అభివృద్ధి ఉంటుంది)
# (1872, 1932, 1992, 2052) Āṅgīrasa ఆంగీరస (భోగాలు కలుగుతాయి)
# (1873, 1933, 1993, 2053) Śrīmukha శ్రీముఖ (వనరులు సమృద్దిగా ఉంటాయి)
# (1874, 1934, 1994, 2054) Bhava భవ (ఉన్నత భావాలు కలిగి ఉంటారు)
# (1875, 1935, 1995, 2055) Yuva యువ (వర్షాలు కురిపించి పంటలు సమృద్ధిగా చేతికి అందుతాయి)
# (1876, 1936, 1996, 2056) Dhāta ధాత (అనారోగ్య బాధలు తగ్గుతాయి)
# (1877, 1937, 1997, 2057) Īśvara ఈశ్వర (క్షేమం, ఆరోగ్యాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది)
# (1878, 1938, 1998, 2058) Bahudhānya బహుధాన్య (దేశం సుభిక్షంగా, సంతోషంగా ఉండాలని సూచిస్తుంది)
# (1879, 1939, 1999, 2059) Pramādhi ప్రమాధి (వర్షాలు మధ్యస్థంగా ఉంటాయి‌)
# (1880, 1940, 2000, 2060) Vikrama విక్రమ (పంటలు బాగా పండి రైతన్నలు సంతోషిస్తారు, విజయాలు సాధిస్తారు)
# (1881, 1941, 2001, 2061) Vr̥ṣa వృష (వర్షాలు సమృద్ధిగా కురుస్తాయి)
# (1882, 1942, 2002, 2062) Citrabhānu చిత్రభాను (అద్భుతమైన ఫలితాలు పొందుతారు)
# (1883, 1943, 2003, 2063) Svabhānu స్వభాను (క్షేమము, ఆరోగ్యం)
# (1884, 1944, 2004, 2064) Tāraṇa తారణ (మేఘాలు సరైన సమయంలో వర్షించి సమృద్ధిగా వర్షాలు కురుస్తాయి)
# (1885, 1945, 2005, 2065) Pārthiva పార్థివ (ఐశ్వర్యం, సంపద పెరుగుతాయి)
# (1886, 1946, 2006, 2066) Vyaya వ్యయ (అతివృష్టి, అనవసర ఖర్చులు)
# (1887, 1947, 2007, 2067) Sarvajittu సర్వజిత్తు (సంతోషకరంగా చాలా వర్షాలు కురుస్తాయి)
# (1888, 1948, 2008, 2068) Sarvadhāri సర్వధారి (సుభిక్షంగా ఉంటారు)
# (1889, 1949, 2009, 2069) Virōdhi విరోధి (వర్షాలు లేకుండా ఇబ్బందులు పడే సమయం)
# (1890, 1950, 2010, 2070) Vikr̥ti వికృతి (ఈ సమయం భయంకరంగా ఉంటుంది)
# (1891, 1951, 2011, 2071) Khara ఖర (పరిస్థితులు సాధారణంగా ఉంటాయి)
# (1892, 1952, 2012, 2072) Nandana ‌నందన (ప్రజలకు ఆనందం కలుగుతుంది)
# (1893, 1953, 2013, 2073) Vijaya విజయ (శత్రువులను జయిస్తారు)
# (1894, 1954, 2014, 2074) Jaya జయ (లాభాలు, విజయం సాధిస్తారు)
# (1895, 1955, 2015, 2075) Manmadha మన్మధ (జ్వరాది బాధలు తొలగిపోతాయి)
# (1896, 1956, 2016, 2076) Durmukhi దుర్ముఖి (ఇబ్బందులు ఉన్న క్షేమంగానే ఉంటారు)
# (1897, 1957, 2017, 2077) Hēvaḷambi హేవళంబి (ప్రజలు సంతోషంగా ఉంటారు)
# (1898, 1958, 2018, 2078) Viḷambi విళంబి (సుభిక్షంగా ఉంటారు)
# (1899, 1959, 2019, 2079) Vikāri వికారి (అనారోగ్యాన్ని కలిగిస్తుంది, శత్రువులకు చాలా కోపం తీసుకొస్తుంది)
# (1900, 1960, 2020, 2080) Śārvari శార్వరి (చీకటి)
# (1901, 1961, 2021, 2081) Plava ప్లవ (ఒడ్డుకు చేర్చునది)
# (1902, 1962, 2022, 2082) Śubhakr̥ttu శుభకృతు (శుభములు కలిగించేది)
# (1903, 1963, 2023, 2083) Śōbhakr̥ttu శోభకృతు (లాభములు కలిగించేది)
# (1904, 1964, 2024, 2084) Krōdhi క్రోధి (కోపం కలిగించేది)
# (1905, 1965, 2025, 2085) Viśvāvasu విశ్వావసు (ధనం సమృద్ధిగా ఉంటుంది)
# (1906, 1966, 2026, 2086) Parābhava పరాభవ (ప్రజల పరాభవాలకు గురవుతారు)
# (1907, 1967, 2027, 2087) Plavaṅga ప్లవంగ (నీరు సమృద్ధిగా ఉంటుంది)
# (1908, 1968, 2028, 2088) Kīlaka కీలక (పంటలు బాగా పండుతాయి)
# (1909, 1969, 2029, 2089) Saumya సౌమ్య (శుభ ఫలితాలు అధికం)
# (1910, 1970, 2030, 2090) Sādhāraṇa సాధారణ (సాధారణ పరిస్థితులు ఉంటాయి)
# (1911, 1971, 2031, 2091) Virōdhikr̥ttu విరోధికృతు (ప్రజల్లో విరోధం ఏర్పడుతుంది)
# (1912, 1972, 2032, 2092) Paridhāvi పరిధావి (ప్రజల్లో భయం ఎక్కువగా ఉంటుంది)
# (1913, 1973, 2033, 2093) Pramādīca ప్రమాదీచ (ప్రమాదాలు ఎక్కువ)
# (1914, 1974, 2034, 2094) Ānanda ఆనంద (ఆనందంగా ఉంటారు)
# (1915, 1975, 2035, 2095) Rākṣasa రాక్షస (కఠిన హృదయం కలిగి ఉంటారు)
# (1916, 1976, 2036, 2096) Nala నల (పంటలు బాగా పండుతాయి)
# (1917, 1977, 2037, 2097) Piṅgaḷa పింగళ (సామాన్య ఫలితాలు కలుగుతాయి)
# (1918, 1978, 2038, 2098) Kāḷayukti కాళయుక్తి (కాలానికి అనుకూలమైన ఫలితాలు లభిస్తాయి)
# (1919, 1979, 2039, 2099) Siddhārthi సిద్ధార్ది (కార్య సిద్ధి)
# (1920, 1980, 2040, 2100) Raudri రౌద్రి (ప్రజలకు చిన్నపాటి బాధలు ఉంటాయి)
# (1921, 1981, 2041, 2101) Durmati దుర్మతి (వర్షాలు సామాన్యంగా ఉంటాయి)
# (1922, 1982, 2042, 2102) Dundubhi దుందుభి (క్షేమం, ధ్యానం)
# (1923, 1983, 2043, 2103) Rudhirōdgāri రుధిరోద్గారి (ప్రమాదాలు ఎక్కువ)
# (1924, 1984, 2044, 2104) Raktākṣi రక్తాక్షి (అశుభాలు కలుగుతాయి)
# (1925, 1985, 2045, 2105) Krōdhana క్రోధన (విజయాలు సిద్ధిస్తాయి)
# (1926, 1986, 2046, 2106) Akṣaya అక్షయ (తరగని సంపద)

==Significance==
{{Main|Hindu units of time}}
In ancient days Yogis (saints) interact directly with God, according to that, they have given information related to our Indian Kalachakra (time-cycle) in relation to Lord [[Brahma]]. Below is the Indian Kalachakra (time-cycle):

60 years = [[Shashthipurti]]

432,000 years = [[Kali Yuga]]

864,000 years = [[Dvapara Yuga]]

1,296,000 years = [[Treta Yuga]]

1,728,000 years = [[Satya Yuga]]

4,320,000 years = [[Yuga Cycle|Chatur Yuga]] (Total 4 [[Yuga]])

71 Chatur Yuga = [[Manvantara]]

1,000 Chatur Yuga = [[Kalpa (aeon)|Kalpa]] {{aka}} Brahma day (= 14 Manvantara + 15 Manvantara-sandhya)

Kalpa + [[Pralaya]] = Brahma Day (day + night)

30 Brahma Days = Brahma month

12 Brahma months = Brahma year

100 Brahma years = Brahma lifespan {{aka}} Maha-kalpa of 311.04 trillion years (followed by Maha-pralaya of equal length)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Calendars]]
[[Category:Telugu language]]
[[Category:Names of units of time]]

Bal Kohna

2025-09-27T13:42:12Z

Nidanayurveda: brief expand content based on references to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bal Kohna
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.1870046|N|75.3845358|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nakodar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 240
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 751<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/29865-bal-kohna-punjab.html|title=Bal Kohna Population per Census 2011|work=census2011.co.in}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 377/374 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 144039
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code = IN-PB
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#PB.E2.80.94Punjab|PB]]- 08
| website = {{URL|jalandhar.nic.in}}
}}

'''Bal Kohna''' is a village in the municipal council of [[Nakodar]], [[Jalandhar district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India. It is located 12 km from [[Nakodar]], 25.9 km from [[Kapurthala]], 28.9 km from district headquarter [[Jalandhar]] and 157 km from state capital [[Chandigarh]]. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by a [[sarpanch]] who is an [[elected representative]] of village as per [[Panchayati raj (India)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://villageinfo.in/punjab/jalandhar/nakodar/bal-kohna.html | title=About the village | work=villageinfo.in}}</ref>

== Transport ==
Nakodar railway station is the nearest [[train station]]; however, Jalandhar city [[train station]] is 30 km away from the village. The village is 75.4 km away from [[domestic airport]] in [[Ludhiana]] and the nearest [[international airport]] is located in Chandigarh also [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] is the second nearest airport which is 105 km away in [[Amritsar]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalandhar district}}


[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Villages in Nakodar tehsil]]

Prakash Chandra Sethi (Odisha politician)

2025-09-06T18:56:15Z

Nidanayurveda: created new details w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency|Cuttack]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Chandra Sarathi Behera]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Prakash Chandra Sethi''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Cuttack Sadar Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Cuttack Sadar, Odisha Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Prakash Chandra Sethi defeats BJD's Chandra Sarathi Behera with 3809 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/cuttack-sadar-odisha-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548476-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Cuttack Sadar Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/cuttack-sadar-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916635.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethi, Prakash Chandra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Anulia

2025-09-01T05:15:45Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anulia
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.156505|N|88.551753|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.5373
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5220
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 741255
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03454
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranaghat North West (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat North West]]
| website = {{URL|http://nadia.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Anulia''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Ranaghat I]] [[Community development block|CD block]] in the [[Ranaghat subdivision]] of the [[Nadia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=250| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|14|0|N|88|32|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Ranaghat subdivision of Nadia district''' M: municipal town/ city/notified area, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|13|53|N|88|23|15|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Nrisinghapur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Nrisinghapur]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|14|0|N|88|25|0|E}} | label-pos2=bottom|label2=Ghoralia | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Ghoralia]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|15|15|N|88|28|52|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Harinadibhastsala | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Harinadibhastsala]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|13|50|N|88|28|7|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Beharia | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Beharia, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|12|5|N|88|30|22|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Phulia | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Phulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|20|40|N|88|38|38|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Bagula | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Bagula]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|18|45|N|88|31|48|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Badkulla | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Badkulla]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|18|50|N|88|30|55|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Patuli | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Patuli, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|17|20|N|88|31|47|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gangni | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Gangni]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|13|50|N|88|33|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Kamgachhi | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Kamgachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|12|55|N|88|33|40|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Raghabpur | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Raghabpur, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|12|0|N|88|32|18|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Panpara | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Panpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|11|15|N|88|33|32|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Aistala | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Aistala]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|8|55|N|88|33|2|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Satigachha | numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Satigachha]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|8|15|N|88|33|6|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Anulia | numbered15=CT| mark-title15= Anulia (CT)|shape-color15=black| label-size15=13|label-color15=black 
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|6|55|N|88|32|44|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Gopalpur | numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Gopalpur, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|6|10|N|88|33|20|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Parbbatipur | numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[Parbbatipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|12|45|N|88|35|18|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Halalpur Krishnapur | numbered18=CT| mark-title18= [[Halalpur Krishnapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|11|15|N|88|35|0|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Hijuli | numbered19=CT| mark-title19= [[Hijuli, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|9|40|N|88|34|44|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Ranaghat (CT) | numbered20=CT| mark-title20= [[Ranaghat (CT)]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|8|5|N|88|34|24|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Nasra | numbered21=CT| mark-title21= [[Nasra, Ranaghat]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|7|51|N|88|38|38|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Gangnapur | numbered22=CT| mark-title22= [[Gangnapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|5|50|N|88|31|45|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Belgharia | numbered23=CT| mark-title23= [[Belgharia, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|10|30|N|88|31|40|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Ranaghat |label-size24=13 | numbered24=M| mark-title24= [[Ranaghat]] (M)|label-color24=#800000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|16|4|N|88|26|13|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Shantipur |label-size25=13 | numbered25=M| mark-title25= [[Shantipur]] (M)|label-color25=#800000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|15|25|N|88|33|29|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Birnagar |label-size26=13 | numbered26=M| mark-title26= [[Birnagar]] (M)|label-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|8|50|N|88|35|21|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Cooper's Camp |label-size27=11 | numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Cooper's Camp]] (M)|label-color27=#800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|16|25|N|88|32|8|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Taherpur |label-size28=11 | numbered28=M| mark-title28= [[Taherpur]] (M)|label-color28=#800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|13|34|N|88|40|30|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29= Panikhali| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Panikhali]] (R)| shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|14|34|N|88|36|17|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Aranghata| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Aranghata]] (R)| shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|14|44|N|88|42|21|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Duttapulia| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Duttapulia]] (R)| shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|22|3|N|88|36|4|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Hanskhali| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Hanskhali]] (R)| shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|9|45|N|88|30|38|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Habibpur| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Habibpur, Nadia]] (R)| shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|11|58|N|88|37|50|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Dhantala| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Dhantala]] (R)| shape-color34=#C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|10|27|N|88|35|48|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Nokari| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Nokari]] (R)| shape-color35=#C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|6|50|N|88|31|25|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Payradanga| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Payradanga]] (R)| shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|18|0|N|88|21|0|E}}|label37= Bhagirathi| labela37=River|label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37=-75| label-pos37=top| label-size37=11| mark-size37=0| mark-title37=none
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|19|40|N|88|35|0|E}}|label38= Churni |labela38 = River| label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38=-65| label-pos38=top| label-size38=11| mark-size38=0| mark-title38=none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|22|30|N|88|46|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=70| arc-gapA=3.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Located===
Anulia is located at {{coord|23.156505|N|88.551753|E|display=inline}}.

The maps of Ranaghat I and Ranaghat II CD blocks, in the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia'', shows the census towns of [[Kamgachhi]], [[Raghabpur, Nadia|Raghabpur]], [[Panpara]], [[Aistala]], [[Satigachha]], Anulia, [[Halalpur Krishnapur]], [[Hijuli, Nadia|Hijuli]] and [[Ranaghat (CT)]] forming a cluster around [[Ranaghat]]. Certain other localities such as [[Nokari]], [[Nasra, Ranaghat|Nasra]], [[Cooper's Camp]], [[Birnagar]], [[Habibpur, Nadia|Habibpur]], [[Gopalpur, Nadia|Gopalpur]] and [[Parbbatipur]] are also linked with this cluster.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Nadia, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map of Ranaghat I CD block, page 449, and Map of Ranaghat II CD block, page 475| publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

===Area overview===
Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of [[Hooghly River]], locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.<ref>Gangopadhyay, Basudev, ''Paschimbanga Parichay'', 2001, {{in lang|bn}}, p. 70, Sishu Sahitya Sansad</ref> The Ranaghat subdivision has the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]] on the west, with [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]] and [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] districts lying across the river. Topographically, Ranaghat subdivision is spread across the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain, which occupies the central part of the district, and the Ranaghat-Chakdaha Plain, the low-lying area found in the south-eastern part of the district. The [[Churni River|Churni]] separates the two plains. A portion of the east forms the boundary with [[Bangladesh]]. The lower portion of the east is covered by a portion of the [[North 24 Parganas district]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 13,14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 16 October 2020}}</ref> The subdivision has achieved reasonably high urbanisation. 41.68% of the population lives in urban areas and 58.32% lives in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia | work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 16 October 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. All the four subdivisions are presented with maps on the same scale – the size of the maps vary as per the area of the subdivision.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Anulia had a total population of 5,220, of which 2,650 (51%) were males and 2,570 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 482. The total number of literate persons in Anulia was 3,924 (82.82% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

The following municipalities, notified area, outgrowths and census towns were part of Ranaghat Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: [[Ranaghat]] (M), [[Birnagar]] (M), [[Cooper's Camp]] (NA), Magurkhali (OG), [[Ranaghat (CT)]] (CT), [[Hijuli, Nadia|Hijuli]] (CT), [[Aistala]] (CT), [[Satigachha]] (CT), [[Nasra, Ranaghat|Nasra]] (CT), [[Panpara]] (CT), [[Raghabpur, Nadia|Raghabpur]] (CT), [[Kamgachhi]] (CT), Anulia (CT) and [[Halalpur Krishnapur]] (CT).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 18 October 2020}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia'', Anulia covered an area of {{Convert|2.5373|km2|abbr=on}}. Among the civic amenities, it had {{Convert|3.5|km|abbr=on}} roads with open drains, the protected water supply involved BWT, tap water from treated sources, hand pump. It had 850 domestic electric connections, 200 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had one nursing home and five medicine shops. Among the educational facilities it had three primary schools, one middle school, one secondary school and one senior secondary school. Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had one orphanage home, one public library and one reading room. Three important commodities it produced were fitkari, tolly, cloth. It had branch offices of one agricultural credit society and one non-agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Nadia, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 635-656; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 635; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 641; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 643; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 646; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 655; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 2833 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 30 September 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Anulia High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1883. The school has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 1,065 books, 20 computers and a playground.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/nadia/19101310702/anulia-high-school.html | title = Anulia High School| publisher = Schools.org.in | access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Ranaghat Subdivisional Hospital at PO Anulia functions with 171 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 8 October 2020 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nadia district]]

Pach Pokhari

2025-08-17T18:52:49Z

Nidanayurveda: created first article added tags - done

{{short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pachpokhri
| official_name = Pach Pokhari
| settlement_type = Village
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Khalilabad, India|Khalilabad]]
| population_total = 3052
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 272125
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| area_total_ha = 100.84
}}
'''Pach Pokhari''' is a village located in the taluka of [[Khalilabad, India|Khalilabad]] in the district of [[Sant Kabir Nagar]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. As of the 2011 census, the total population is 3,052.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population finder {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> The village covers an area of 100.84 hectares. The LGD code is 182726 and the village locality code is 272125.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LGD - Local Government Directory, Government of India |url=https://lgdirectory.gov.in/globalsearchentity.do?OWASP_CSRFTOKEN=LT4A-VC3L-GM2F-XPL5-DV0V-5YJA-8HW0-SEAY# |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=lgdirectory.gov.in}}</ref>

The village falls under the Khalilabad Assembly Constituency and under the Sant Kabir Nagar Parliamentary Constituency. [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Ankur Raj Tiwari]] is the MLA for [[Khalilabad Assembly constituency|Khalilabad]] since 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankur Tiwari in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/ankur-tiwari-khalilabad-candidate-s24a313c06/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> [[Praveen Kumar Nishad]], also form BJP is the Member of Parliament from [[Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Sant Kabir Nagar Constituency.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Praveen Kumar Nishad: Praveen Kumar Nishad BJP from SANT KABIR NAGAR in Lok Sabha Elections {{!}} Praveen Kumar Nishad News, images and videos |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/praveen-kumar-nishad/candidates/candidateid-13490.cms |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|26|50|45|N|82|59|37|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Sant Kabir Nagar district]]

{{SantKabirNagar-geo-stub}}

Lee Youn Chin

2025-08-03T04:12:48Z

Nidanayurveda:

{{Short description|Chinese Hakka community leader in India (1906 - 1991)}}
{{Multiple issues|{{Advert|date=April 2023}}
{{Prose|date=April 2023}}
}}{{Infobox person
| name = Lee Youn Chin
| image = LeeYounChin.jpg
| native_name = 李雲珍
| native_name_lang = zh
| birth_date = 1906
| birth_place = [[Guangdong]], [[Qing Empire]] (present day [[China]])
| death_date = 1991/10/08
| death_place = Kolkata, India
| burial_place = Chinese Cemetery, Kolkata, India
| citizenship = Indian
| years_active = 1933–1989
| boards = The Chinese Tannery Owners Association
The Overseas Chinese Commerce Association of India
Overseas Chinese Commerce Journal 'Seong Pow'
Pei May High School
| spouse = Koo Tek Xiu
| children = 10

| father = Lee Sie Xhien
| mother = Zhu Juying
}}
'''Lee Youn Chin''' ({{Lang-zh|c=李雲珍|p=Lǐ Yúnzhēn}}; 1906–1991) was a Chinese [[Hakka people|Hakka]] community leader in [[India]] for over half a century. Lee was instrumental in founding the Chinese Tannery Owners Association of India, the newspaper ''Seong Pow'' (Overseas Chinese Commerce of India), and the new Pei May High School. These institutions for [[commerce]], [[education]], and [[journalism]] had a profound impact on the Hakka Chinese settlement in [[Kolkata]], India.

== Personal life ==
Lee Youn Chin was born in 1906 in the [[Hakka people|Hakka]] village of [[Meixian District|Meixian]], [[Guangdong]], [[China]]. He was the fourth of five children of Lee Sie Xhien and Zhu Juying, with one older sister and four brothers. When Lee was six years old his father died, and he was raised by his mother and relatives. He completed high school and was encouraged to join the next wave of migrants to [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]. At the age of 18, he emigrated to Kolkata. The [[Chinese people in India]] had earlier pioneers, but the first to arrive in Kolkata was Yang Tai Chow.<ref name=getbengal>{{cite web |title=How did the Chinese land up in Kolkata and Bengal? |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/how-did-the-chinese-land-up-in-kolkata-and-bengal |website=getbengal.com |date=2020-06-21 |access-date=2023-03-23}}</ref>

Lee had uncles already settled in Kolkata, who gave him shelter. At his uncle’s shoe shop, he worked and took on an [[apprenticeship]]. He saved money over a few years to visit China, where he married his wife, Koo Tek Xiu. He took her to India. They had a business selling products used in the [[leather]] industry. Lee prospered and also owned several shoe shops with his other relatives. He purchased a large plot of land and built his house, where he moved in with his ten children: seven daughters and three sons. He later expanded and established his company, the Lee Youn Chin [[Tanning (leather)|Tannery]], adjoining it.<ref>{{Cite book |author=India Labour Bureau |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSvoAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Lee+Youn+Chin%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA329 |title=Large Industrial Establishments in India |publisher=Manager of Publications |year=1958 |pages= |language=en}}</ref> He was granted Indian [[citizenship]] under the [[British Raj]].

Lee lived a long life of community involvement and service. He died in 1991 and was buried in Kolkata.

== Hakka community ==
Lee founded and was the chairman of the Chinese Tannery Owners Association, the Overseas Chinese Commerce Association of India, and the founder of the local Chinese-language newspaper ''Seong Pow'' (Overseas Chinese Commerce of India).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Rajesh |date=2020-12-29 |title=Is this the end for India's last Chinese-language newspaper? |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/end-indias-last-chinese-language-newspaper-editors-death-leaves-questions-over-seong-pows |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=todayonline.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pathak |first=Nilima |date=2018-01-01 |title=Chinese newspaper that's Made in India |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/chinese-newspaper-thats-made-in-india-1.2150089 |access-date=March 11, 2023 |website=gulfnews.com}}</ref><ref name=homegrown>{{Cite web |author=Homegrown Staff |date=2021-06-08 |title=Kolkata's Tannery Neighbourhood Is Home To India's Only Chinese Language Newspaper |url=https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/kolkatas-tannery-neighbourhood-is-home-to-indias-only-chinese-language-newspaper |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=homegrown.co.in }}</ref> When the small and old Pei May school needed more space, Lee built a new school on a large plot of land. Construction started in later 1940s, but was interrupted over payment issues. The association filed a case in court. Classes began in the 1950s in the new, but incomplete, building. After a period, another of the Association's English-speaking managers was assigned and a new builder was brought in to complete its construction. These institutions formed an integral part of the community, which flourished as the largest minority culture in Kolkata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sircar |first=Jawhar |title=The Chinese of Calcutta |url=https://www.academia.edu/36019117}}</ref> There were 1,466 Chinese in Chinatown in 1901, and by 1936 there were 14,000.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bose |first=Arpita |date=2019-06-01 |title=The Chinese in Calcutta: A Study on Settlement and Demographical Patterns |journal=Indian Historical Review |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=132–149 |doi=10.1177/0376983619856540 |issn=0376-9836 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Amrita |date=2021-09-01 |title=Chinese Community of Kolkata: A Forgotten Chapter in History |url=https://map.sahapedia.org/article/Chinese-Community-of-Kolkata:-A-Forgotten-Chapter-in-History/11283 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=map.sahapedia.org |language=en}}</ref> By the mid 1990s, the unofficial population count was estimated to be around 20,000.[[File:LeeYounChin1.jpg|left|thumb|Lee Youn Chin]]

Tanneries were the largest businesses of the growing community, with smaller trades such as carpentry, shoe shops, restaurants, herbal stores, beauty parlors, and dentistry. [[Tangra, Kolkata|Tangra]] or Dhapa, was located outside the city where the majority of the Chinese settled. Chinatown or [[Tiretta Bazaar]] was situated in the interior part of the city.<ref name=getbengal/>

Working with him on the Chinese Tannery Owners Association board were:

Chen Zaan Xhen, Chung Yat Xheng, Lee Vaan Yao, Chung Lee Ming, Liu Sem Nyan, Chung Kwi Xheng, Lee Shie Yen and Liu Daou Nyan.

===Chinese Tannery Owners Association of India===

Lee leased the land and built the Chinese Tannery Owners Association.<ref name=homegrown/> This association's initiatives included:
* Centralizing a tanner market for owners to benefit in the procurement sourcing of the highest market price for finished leather. The tannery owners contributed to the immense wealth of the West Bengal government in producing leather and leather products for export.
* Introducing recycling by reducing and recycling the collective [[byproduct]] wastage of hide shavings by curing it and selling it for profit. The community benefited from this recycling scheme.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

===Overseas Chinese Commerce Journal===
He allocated space for The Overseas Chinese Commerce Association of India within the existing Chinese Tannery Owners Association where he:

* Launched the Overseas Chinese Commerce newspaper, a local Seong Pow news in Chinese. The paper [[disseminated]] community announcements and overseas news in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Soham |date=2018-11-28 |title=Chinese Newspaper |url=https://www.jiyobangla.com/news/chinese-newspaper |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Jiyo Bangla}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayandas |date=2018-05-08 |title=A Chinese newspaper that represents the indomitable spirit of Kolkata » The Bengal Story |url=https://thebengalstory.com/english/a-chinese-newspaper-that-represents-the-indomitable-spirit-of-kolkata/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=The Bengal Story |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Sjrita |date=2019-10-11 |title=Tucked away in a Kolkata bylane, India's only Chinese newspaper runs on old methods and perseverance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/tucked-away-in-a-kolkata-bylane-indias-only-chinese-newspaper-runs-on-old-methods-and-perseverance-7456951.html |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref name=homegrown /> [[File:Overseas Chinese Commerce of India - Sea Ip Church - Kolkata 2013-03-03 5272.JPG|alt=The Overseas Chinese Commerce of India (1969) newspaper. Photo courtesy of Biswarup ganguly|left|thumb|331x331px|Founded: The Overseas Chinese Commerce of India (1969). Photo courtesy of Biswarup Ganguly]]
This newspaper published the local news compared with a pro-Kuomintang newspaper, the Chinese Journal of India, and a few other journals that had existed before his arrival. The Overseas Chinese Commerce of India, or 'Seong Pow' newspaper, survived until its last [[publication]] with the death of its last editor, Kuo-Tsai Chang, in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Monitor |first=South Asian |date=2020-12-28 |title=Is this the end for India's last Chinese-language newspaper? Editor's death leaves questions over SeongPow's future |url=https://southasianmonitor.net/en/feature/is-this-the-end-for-indias-last-chinese-language-newspaper-editors-death-leaves-questions-over-seongpows-future |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=South Asian Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=homegrown /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Abir |date=2016-06-30 |title=The Story of Chinese People in Kolkata and How it Gave Us Our Favorite Chinese Food |url=https://www.storypick.com/chinese-food/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=StoryPick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Rajdeep Datta |date=2008-07-26 |title=News from Tangra |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/TirR2KGKv23EAopEbHSnUP/News-from-Tangra.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Mint}}</ref>

==== Pei May High School ====
* He leased the land, built, and founded the new Pei May High School for the increasing younger generation. This school became the new grounds for a combined elementary and high school education. It was a Chinese medium school that also taught English.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nyogi Subhro |first=Yengkhom Sumati |date=2009-03-25 |title=Questions from a vanishing generation |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/questions-from-a-vanishing-generation/articleshow/4311817.cms |access-date=2023-03-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> At its peak, the school had over a thousand students, but declined over the years until the school was closed in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jawed |first=Jeeshan |date=2010-06-14 |title=Lone Chinese school shuts down |work=Telegraph India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/lone-chinese-school-shuts-down/cid/1271842 |access-date=2023-03-20}}</ref>

Lee left behind a legacy of distinguished works as the Hakka community leader for over half a century. In his lifetime, the community grew to over 15,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Amrita |date=2021-09-01 |title=Chinese Community of Kolkata: A Forgotten Chapter in History |url=https://map.sahapedia.org/article/Chinese-Community-of-Kolkata:-A-Forgotten-Chapter-in-History/11283 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=map.sahapedia.org |language=en}}</ref>

=== Sino-Indian war repercussion on the community ===
When the [[Sino-Indian War|Sino-Indian war]] broke out in 1962, the community went through an upheaval with their [[civil liberties]] and freedom violated. Lee, through his English-speaking son, had been helping the community with their application submission and follow-up years before the war broke out. His family and those who possessed Permanent Indian Residency papers were not detained.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GUPTA |first=UTTARAN DAS |date=2020-06-09 |title=When India put Indians in camps |url=https://www.himalmag.com/when-india-put-indians-in-camps-2020/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Himal Southasian |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=D’Souza |first=Dilip |title=Chinese-Indians from Deoli Camp write to Modi again urging India to apologise for 1962 internment |url=https://scroll.in/article/1011024/chinese-indians-from-deoli-camp-write-to-modi-again-urging-india-to-apologise-for-1962-internment |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> After the war, the community gathered themselves and set about to find their families and to restore their properties and businesses.

=== Environmental Plan for relocation of the community tanneries ===
Four years after his death, a directive on the community came by the order of the Supreme Court (1995) to relocate the Kolkata tanneries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GB Get Bengal |first=Information Desk |date=2019-02-20 |title=How did the Hakka Chinese Community learn Bengali |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/how-did-the-hakka-chinese-community-learn-bengali |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=GB Get Bengal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamanj S.; Ravindranath; Sarkar; Ramasamj |first=Louxborough University |date=2002-01-01 |title=Major Integrated Environmental System Relocation of 540 Tanneries in Kolkata City |url=https://wedc-knowledge.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/28/Rajamani.pdf |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Loughborough University (Kolkata Calcutta, India 2002)}}</ref> This caused more of the Chinese community to leave India on their own, while others stayed and converted their tanneries into restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Amrita |date=2021-09-01 |title=Chinatown in Kolkata: A Heritage of Negotiation and Survival |url=https://map.sahapedia.org/search/article/Chinatown-in-Kolkata:-A-Heritage-of-Negotiation-and-Survival/11284 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=map.sahapedia.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mazumder |first=Abir Lal |title=From Tanneries to kitchens: Indian Hakka Chinese and their memories of making and remaking the Tangra Chinatown in Kolkata, India |url=https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/sief2021/paper/59175 |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=nomadit.co.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cakeray |first=Priya |date=2018-03-21 |title=Learning about the Deoli Camp of 1962 |url=https://medium.com/@priyakekre/learning-about-the-deoli-camp-of-1962-9bdc7655f6e |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> The majority of the community immigrated to Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adler |first=Mike |date=2018-11-06 |title=Scarborough's Chinese Cultural Centre puts Hakka culture on display |url=https://www.sachem.ca/whatson-story/9007795-scarborough-s-chinese-cultural-centre-puts-hakka-culture-on-display/ |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Sachem.ca |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Official site of the city of Markham, ON, Canada |first=Markham City website |date=2016-07-16 |title=Markham named Host City of 31st Hakka World Conference in 2021! |url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/about/news/sa-news-releases/20180716-markham-named-host-city-of-31st-hakka-world-conference |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=Markham City official website (Canada)}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Youn Chin}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese people of Hakka descent]]
[[Category:Chinese emigrants to India]]
[[Category:Chinese diaspora in India]]

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

2025-05-23T14:44:43Z

Nidanayurveda: adjust references to improve readability after review

{{Short description|Type of atomic emission spectroscopy}}
{{redirect|Libs|the abbreviation|Liberal (disambiguation){{!}}Liberal}}
[[File:Libs Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'''Schematic of a LIBS system''' – Courtesy of US Army Research Laboratory]]
'''Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy''' ('''LIBS''') is a type of [[atomic emission spectroscopy]] which uses a highly energetic [[laser]] pulse as the excitation source.<ref name="isbn0-470-09299-8">{{cite book |author1=Radziemski, Leon J. |author2=Cremers, David A. |title=Handbook of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy |publisher=John Wiley |location=New York |date=2006 |isbn=0-470-09299-8 }}</ref><ref name="isbn0-521-85274-9">{{cite book |author1=Schechter, Israel |author2=Miziolek, Andrzej W. |author3=Vincenzo Palleschi |title=Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): fundamentals and applications |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |date=2006 |isbn=0-521-85274-9 }}</ref> The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples. The formation of the plasma only begins when the focused laser achieves a certain threshold for optical breakdown, which generally depends on the environment and the target material.<ref>J. P. Singh and S. N. Thakur, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, 1st ed.. (Elsevier, 2007).</ref>

== 2000s developments ==

From 2000 to 2010, the [[United States Army Research Laboratory|U.S. Army Research Laboratory]] (ARL) researched potential extensions to LIBS technology, which focused on hazardous material detection.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.spectroscopyonline.com/current-status-standoff-libs-security-applications-united-states-army-research-laboratory-0|title=Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory|last=Munson|first=Jennifer L. Gottfried Frank C. De Lucia Jr. Andrzej W. Miziolek Chase A.|journal=Spectroscopy|series=Spectroscopy-06-01-2009 |date=June 2009 |volume=24 |issue=6 |language=en|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|doi=10.21236/ada528756|title=Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Capabilities and Applications|year=2010|last1=Gottfried|first1=Jennifer L.|last2=De Lucia|first2=Frank C. Jr.}}</ref> Applications investigated at ARL included the standoff detection of explosive residues and other hazardous materials, plastic landmine discrimination, and material characterization of various metal alloys and polymers. Results presented by ARL suggest that LIBS may be able to discriminate between energetic and non-energetic materials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a472707.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510012357/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a472707.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=May 10, 2020|title=Detection of Energetic Materials and Explosive Residues With Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: I. Laboratory Measurements}}</ref>

=== Research ===

Broadband high-resolution spectrometers were developed in 2000 and commercialized in 2003. Designed for material analysis, the spectrometer allowed the LIBS system to be sensitive to chemical elements in low concentration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/twitter-ed/us-army-researchers-explore-laser-detection-techniques.html|title=U.S. Army Researchers Explore Laser Detection Techniques {{!}} Quality Digest|website=www.qualitydigest.com|language=en|access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref>

ARL LIBS applications studied from 2000 to 2010 included:<ref name=":0" />

* Tested for detection of Halon alternative agents
* Tested a field-portable LIBS system for the detection of lead in soil and paint
* Studied the spectral emission of aluminum and aluminum oxides from bulk aluminum in different bath gases
* Performed kinetic modeling of LIBS plumes
* Demonstrated the detection and discrimination of geological materials, plastic landmines, explosives, and chemical and biological warfare agent surrogates

ARL LIBS prototypes studied during this period included:<ref name=":0" />

* Laboratory LIBS setup
* Commercial LIBS system
* Man-portable LIBS device
* Standoff LIBS system developed for 100+ m detection and discriminate on of explosive residues.

==2010s developments==
LIBS is one of several analytical techniques that can be deployed in the field as opposed to pure laboratory techniques e.g. spark [[Optical Emissions Spectrometer|OES]]. {{As of | 2015}}, recent research on LIBS focuses on compact and (man-)portable systems. Some industrial applications of LIBS include the detection of material mix-ups,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/s0584-8547(01)00214-2|title=Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry — applications for production control and quality assurance in the steel industry|year=2001|last1=Noll|first1=Reinhard|last2=Bette|first2=Holger|last3=Brysch|first3=Adriane|last4=Kraushaar|first4=Marc|last5=Mönch|first5=Ingo|last6=Peter|first6=Laszlo|last7=Sturm|first7=Volker|journal=Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy|volume=56|issue=6|pages=637–649|bibcode=2001AcSpe..56..637N}}</ref> analysis of inclusions in steel, analysis of slags in secondary metallurgy,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.sab.2015.10.009|title=Analysis of slags using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|year=2016|last1=Sanghapi|first1=Hervé K.|last2=Ayyalasomayajula|first2=Krishna K.|last3=Yueh|first3=Fang Y.|last4=Singh|first4=Jagdish P.|last5=McIntyre|first5=Dustin L.|last6=Jain|first6=Jinesh C.|last7=Nakano|first7=Jinichiro|journal=Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy|volume=115|pages=40–45|bibcode=2016AcSpe.115...40S|doi-access=free}}</ref> analysis of combustion processes,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1364/ao.55.008042|title=Sensitivity, stability, and precision of quantitative Ns-LIBS-based fuel-air-ratio measurements for methane-air flames at 1–11 bar|year=2016|last1=Hsu|first1=Paul S.|last2=Gragston|first2=Mark|last3=Wu|first3=Yue|last4=Zhang|first4=Zhili|last5=Patnaik|first5=Anil K.|last6=Kiefer|first6=Johannes|last7=Roy|first7=Sukesh|last8=Gord|first8=James R.|journal=Applied Optics|volume=55|issue=28|pages=8042–8048|pmid=27828047|bibcode=2016ApOpt..55.8042H|doi-access=free}}</ref> and high-speed identification of scrap pieces for material-specific recycling tasks. Armed with data analysis techniques, this technique is being extended to pharmaceutical samples.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/s0584-8547(02)00062-9|title=Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|year=2002|last1=St-Onge|first1=L.|last2=Kwong|first2=E.|last3=Sabsabi|first3=M.|last4=Vadas|first4=E.B|journal=Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy|volume=57|issue=7|pages=1131–1140|bibcode=2002AcSpe..57.1131S}}</ref><ref name="Ashwin2011">{{cite journal|doi= 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.040|pmid= 22099648|title= Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-based investigation and classification of pharmaceutical tablets using multivariate chemometric analysis|journal= Talanta|volume= 87|pages= 53–59|pmc= 3418677|year= 2011|last1= Myakalwar|first1= Ashwin Kumar|last2= Sreedhar|first2= S.|last3= Barman|first3= Ishan|last4= Dingari|first4= Narahara Chari|last5= Venugopal Rao|first5= S.|last6= Prem Kiran|first6= P.|last7= Tewari|first7= Surya P.|last8= Manoj Kumar|first8= G.}}</ref>

===LIBS using short laser pulses===
Following [[Multiphoton ionization|multiphoton]] or [[tunnel ionization]] the electron is being accelerated by inverse [[Bremsstrahlung]] and can collide with the nearby molecules and generate new electrons through collisions. If the pulse duration is long, the newly ionized electrons can be accelerated and eventually avalanche or cascade ionization follows. Once the density of the electrons reaches a critical value, breakdown occurs and high density plasma is created which has no memory of the laser pulse. So, the criterion for the shortness of a pulse in dense media is as follows: A pulse interacting with a dense matter is considered to be short if during the interaction the threshold for the avalanche ionization is not reached. At the first glance this definition may appear to be too limiting. Fortunately, due to the delicately balanced behavior of the pulses in dense media, the threshold cannot be reached easily.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}} The phenomenon responsible for the balance is the intensity clamping<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1364/oe.20.000299|title=Simple method of measuring laser peak intensity inside femtosecond laser filament in air|year=2012|last1=Xu|first1=Shengqi|last2=Sun|first2=Xiaodong|last3=Zeng|first3=Bin|last4=Chu|first4=Wei|last5=Zhao|first5=Jiayu|last6=Liu|first6=Weiwei|last7=Cheng|first7=Ya|last8=Xu|first8=Zhizhan|last9=Chin|first9=See Leang|journal=Optics Express|volume=20|issue=1|pages=299–307|pmid=22274353|bibcode=2012OExpr..20..299X|doi-access=free}}</ref> through the onset of [[Filament propagation|filamentation]] process during the propagation of strong laser pulses in dense media.

A potentially important development to LIBS involves the use of a short laser pulse as a spectroscopic source.<ref>A. Talebpour et al., Spectroscopy of the Gases Interactingwith Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses, 2001, ''Laser Physics'', '''11:'''68–76</ref> In this method, a plasma column is created as a result of focusing ultrafast laser pulses in a gas. The self-luminous plasma is far superior in terms of low level of continuum and also smaller line broadening. This is attributed to the lower density of the plasma in the case of short laser pulses due to the defocusing effects which limits the intensity of the pulse in the interaction region and thus prevents further multiphoton/tunnel ionization of the gas.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00903-2|title=Focusing limits of intense ultrafast laser pulses in a high pressure gas: Road to new spectroscopic source|year=2000|last1=Talebpour|first1=A.|last2=Abdel-Fattah|first2=M.|last3=Chin|first3=S.L|journal=Optics Communications|volume=183|issue=5–6|pages=479–484|bibcode=2000OptCo.183..479T}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1140/epjd/e2009-00260-0|title=On the focusing limit of high-power femtosecond laser pulse propagation in air|year=2009|last1=Geints|first1=Yu. E.|last2=Zemlyanov|first2=A. A.|journal=The European Physical Journal D|volume=55|issue=3|pages=745–754|bibcode=2009EPJD...55..745G|s2cid=121616255}}</ref>

== Line intensity ==
For an optically thin plasma composed of a single, neutral atomic species in local thermal equilibrium (LTE), the density of photons emitted by a transition from level ''i'' to level ''j'' is<ref>{{Cite book|title=Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: fundamentals and applications|last=Reinhard.|first=Noll|date=2012|publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-642-20667-2|oclc=773812336}}</ref>

<math>I_{ij}(\lambda)=\frac{1}{4\pi} n_0 A_{ij}\frac{ g_i \exp^{-E_i/k_B T}}{U(T)} I(\lambda)</math>

where :
* <math>I_{ij}</math> is the emission rate density of photons (in m−3 sr−1 s−1)
* <math>n_0</math> is the number of neutral atoms in the plasma (in m−3)
* <math>A_{ij}</math> is the transition probability between level ''i'' and level ''j'' (in s−1)
* <math>g_i</math> is the degeneracy of the upper level ''i'' (2''J''+1)
* <math>U(T)</math> is the partition function (unitless)
* <math>E_i</math> is the energy level of the upper level ''i'' (in eV)
* <math>k_B</math> is the [[Boltzmann constant]] (in eV/K)
* <math>T</math> is the temperature (in K)
* <math>I(\lambda)</math> is the line profile such that <math>\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}I(\lambda)d\lambda = 1</math>
* <math>\lambda</math> is the wavelength (in nm)

The partition function <math>U(T)</math> is the statistical occupation fraction of every level <math>k</math> of the atomic species :

<math>U(T) = \sum_j g_j \exp^{-E_j/k_B T}</math>

==LIBS for food analysis==
Recently, LIBS has been investigated as a fast, micro-destructive food analysis tool. It is considered a potential analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis, making it suitable as a PAT (Process Analytical Technology) or portable tool. Milk, bakery products, tea, vegetable oils, water, cereals, flour, potatoes, palm date and different types of meat have been analyzed using LIBS.<ref name="LIBS Rev">{{cite journal |last1=Markiewicz-Keszycka |first1=Maria |display-authors=etal |title=Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for food analysis: A review |journal=Trends in Food Science & Technology |date=2017 |volume=65 |pages=80–93 |doi=10.1016/j.tifs.2017.05.005|url=https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1508&context=schfsehart |doi-access=free }}</ref> Few studies have shown its potential as an adulteration detection tool for certain foods.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sezer |first1=Banu |display-authors=etal |title=Identification of milk fraud using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) |journal=International Dairy Journal |date=2018 |volume=81 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.12.005}}</ref><ref name="Yash LIBS">{{cite journal |last1=Dixit |first1=Yash |display-authors=etal |title=Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantification of sodium and potassium in minced beef: a potential technique for detecting beef kidney adulteration |journal=Analytical Methods |date=2017 |volume=9 |issue=22 |pages=3314–3322 |doi=10.1039/C7AY00757D|url=https://arrow.dit.ie/schfsehart/291 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> LIBS has also been evaluated as a promising elemental imaging technique in meat.<ref name="LIBS imaging">{{cite journal |last1=Dixit |first1=Yash |display-authors=etal |title=Introduction to laser induced breakdown spectroscopy imaging in food: Salt diffusion in meat |journal=Journal of Food Engineering |date=2018 |volume=216 |pages=120–124 |doi=10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.010|url=https://arrow.dit.ie/schfsehart/273 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

In 2019, researchers of the [[University of York]] and of the [[Liverpool John Moores University]] employed LIBS for studying 12 European oysters (''[[Ostrea edulis]]'', [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) from the Late [[Mesolithic]] shell midden at Conors Island ([[Republic of Ireland]]). The results highlighted the applicability of LIBS to determine prehistoric seasonality practices as well as biological age and growth at an improved rate and reduced cost than was previously achievable.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hausmann |first1=N. |last2=Prendergast |first2=A. L. |last3=Lemonis |first3=A. |last4=Zech |first4=J. |last5=Roberts |first5=P. |last6=Siozos |first6=P. |last7=Anglos |first7=D. |date=2019-03-06 |title=Extensive elemental mapping unlocks Mg/Ca ratios as climate proxy in seasonal records of Mediterranean limpets |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=3698 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-39959-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=6403426 |pmid=30842602|bibcode=2019NatSR...9.3698H }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hausmann|first1=Niklas|last2=Robson|first2=Harry K.|last3=Hunt|first3=Chris|date=2019-09-30|title=Annual Growth Patterns and Interspecimen Variability in Mg/Ca Records of Archaeological Ostrea edulis (European Oyster) from the Late Mesolithic Site of Conors Island|journal=Open Quaternary|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|page=9|doi=10.5334/oq.59|issn=2055-298X|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Atomic spectroscopy]]
*[[Laser ablation]]
*[[Laser-induced fluorescence]]
*[[List of surface analysis methods]]
*[[Photoacoustic spectroscopy]]
*[[Raman spectroscopy]]
*[[Spectroscopy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Won-Bae|last2=Wu|first2=Jianyong|last3=Lee|first3=Yong-Ill|last4=Sneddon|first4=Joseph|title=Recent Applications of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry: A Review of Material Approaches|journal=Applied Spectroscopy Reviews|volume=39|issue=1|date=2004|pages=27–97|issn=0570-4928|doi=10.1081/ASR-120028868|bibcode=2004ApSRv..39...27L|s2cid=98545359}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Noll|first1=Reinhard|last2=Bette|first2=Holger|last3=Brysch|first3=Adriane|last4=Kraushaar |first4=Marc |last5=Mönch |first5=Ingo |last6=Peter|first6=Laszlo|last7=Sturm|first7=Volker|title=Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry — applications for production control and quality assurance in the steel industry|journal=Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy|volume=56|issue=6|date=2001|pages=637–649|issn=0584-8547|doi=10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00214-2|bibcode=2001AcSpe..56..637N}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|author1=Andrzej W. Miziolek |author2=Vincenzo Palleschi |author3=Israel Schechter |title=Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy|location=New York|publisher= Cambridge University Press|date= 2006| isbn= 0-521-85274-9}}
*{{Cite journal|title=Microchip Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Preliminary Feasibility Investigation|journal=Applied Spectroscopy|date=2004|volume=58|issue=7|pages=762–769|url=http://www.s-a-s.org/journal/viewer/abstract/4678/|doi=10.1366/0003702041389427|pmid=15282039|last1=Gornushkin|first1=I.B.|last2=Amponsah-Manager|first2=K.|last3=Smith|first3=B.W.|last4=Omenetto|first4=N.|last5=Winefordner|first5=J.D.|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415182955/http://www.s-a-s.org/journal/viewer/abstract/4678/|archive-date=2013-04-15|bibcode=2004ApSpe..58..762G|s2cid=41416641|url-access=subscription}}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1039/B419109A|title=Microchip laser ablation of metals: Investigation of the ablation process in view of its application to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy|date=2005|last1=Amponsah-Manager|first1=K.|last2=Omenetto|first2=N.|last3=Smith|first3=B. W.|last4=Gornushkin|first4=I. B.|last5=Winefordner|first5=J. D.|journal=Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry|volume=20|issue=6|page=544 }}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1039/B419173K|title=Quantitative analysis of low-alloy steel by microchip laser induced breakdown spectroscopy|date=2005|last1=Lopez-Moreno|first1=C.|last2=Amponsah-Manager|first2=K.|last3=Smith|first3=B. W.|last4=Gornushkin|first4=I. B.|last5=Omenetto|first5=N.|last6=Palanco|first6=S.|last7=Laserna|first7=J. J.|last8=Winefordner|first8=J. D.|journal=Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry|volume=20|issue=6|page=552 |s2cid=39938942}}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1088/0022-3727/37/8/018|title=High speed laser-induced breakdown spectrometry for scanning microanalysis|date=2004|last1=Bette|first1=H|last2=Noll|first2=R|journal=Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics|volume=37|issue=8|page=1281|bibcode=2004JPhD...37.1281B|s2cid=250750854 }}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s00216-006-0347-z|title=New approach to online monitoring of the Al depth profile of the hot-dip galvanised sheet steel using LIBS|date=2006|last1=Balzer|first1=Herbert|last2=Hoehne|first2=Manuela|last3=Noll|first3=Reinhard|last4=Sturm|first4=Volker|journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry|volume=385|issue=2|pages=225–33|pmid=16570144|s2cid=42607960}}
*{{Cite journal|title=Steel analysis with laser-induced breakdown spectrometry in the vacuum ultraviolet|journal= Applied Spectroscopy|date= 2000|volume= 54|pages=1275–1278|url=http://www.opticsinfobase.org/as/abstract.cfm?URI=as-54-9-1275|doi=10.1366/0003702001951183|issue=9|last1=Sturm|first1=V.|last2=Peter|first2=L.|last3=Noll|first3=R.|bibcode=2000ApSpe..54.1275S|s2cid= 32765892|url-access=subscription}}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.sab.2003.11.006|title=Laser-induced plasma spectrometry: Truly a surface analytical tool|date=2004|last1=Vadillo|first1=José M.|last2=Laserna|first2=J.Javier|journal=Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy|volume=59|issue=2|page=147 |bibcode=2004AcSpe..59..147V}}
*{{Cite journal|doi=10.1039/b714219f|title=Quantitative molecular analysis with molecular bands emission using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometrics|date=2008|last1=Doucet|first1=François R.|last2=Faustino|first2=Patrick J.|last3=Sabsabi|first3=Mohamad|last4=Lyon|first4=Robbe C.|journal=Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry|volume=23|issue=5|page=694|s2cid=97020157 |url=https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/accepted/?id=be2795ea-0e53-488c-9b00-209d48a9a8ff}}
*{{cite journal|url=http://www.photonics.su/journal/article/2606|author= В.Копачевский, В.Шпектор, Д.Клемято, В.Бойков, М.Кривошеева, Л.Боброва. |title=Количественный анализ состава тарных стекол анализатором LEA S500|journal= Фотоника |date=2008|language=ru|issue=1|pages=38–40}}
*{{cite book |first=Reinhard|last= Noll |title=Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |date=2012 |isbn=978-3-642-20667-2 }}

==External links==
* [https://pml.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/LIBS/libs-form.html NIST LIBS Database]

{{Branches of spectroscopy}}
{{Lasers}}

[[Category:Scientific techniques]]
[[Category:Spectroscopy]]
[[Category:Emission spectroscopy]]

P. S. Srinivasan

2025-04-30T12:17:37Z

Nidanayurveda: created basic stub w/ sources - done

{{Not to be confused|P. S. Sreenivasan}}{{Short description|Indian physician, freedom fighter, and politician (1893 – 1962)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Doctor
| birth_date = {{birth date|1893|7|20|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1962|1893}}
| office = Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly
| term_start = 1949
| term_end = 1952
| office2 = Member of Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly
| term_start2 = 1937
| term_end2 = 1939
| birth_place = [[Pattukkottai]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
}}

'''P. S. Srinivasan''' (20 July 1893 – 1962) was an Indian physician, freedom fighter, and politician who participated in the Indian independence movement.
== Life ==
Srinivasan was born on 20 July 1893 in [[Pattukkottai]], [[Madras Presidency]], British India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kanchipuram Dr. P.S. Srinivasan |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?3188 |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav}}</ref> He completed his higher education at [[Presidency College, Chennai|Presidency College]] and [[Madras Medical College]], earning his medical degree in 1917.<ref name=":0" /> After two years of temporary service as a Government Medical Practitioner, he established himself as a private physician in Kanchipuram.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Legislature |first=Madras (India : Presidency) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKNv-G58XnsC |title=Directory of the Madras Legislature |date=1938 |publisher=Madras Legislature Congress Party |pages=240 |language=en}}</ref>

Inspired by the speeches of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Srinivasan joined the Indian independence movement. He served as the first secretary of the [[Congress Committee (Tamil Nadu)|Congress Committee]] in [[Chengalpattu district]] and later became its president. His activism in the freedom movement led to his arrest on four occasions, resulting in several years of imprisonment.<ref name=":0" />

Srinivasan entered electoral politics in 1937 as a member of the [[Madras Presidency]] [[State legislative assemblies of India|Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=":1" /> Later, in 1949, he was nominated to the [[Madras State]] Legislative Assembly, representing the Chengalpattu constituency in a by-election following the death of [[C. N. Muthuranga Mudaliar]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nw-AAAAIBAJ&dq=%22P.+S.+Srinivasan%22&pg=PA3&article_id=5035,1028953 |title=The Indian Express |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He also held several responsibilities at the municipal level, serving as a member of the Kanchipuram Municipality for 25 years and served as its chairman from 1938 to 1958.<ref name=":0" />

P. S. Srinivasan died in 1962.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=Madras (India : State) Legislature Legislative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ho-2AAAAIAAJ |title=Review |date=1967 |pages=54 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=Madras (India : State) Legislature Legislative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e4keAQAAIAAJ |title=Debates: Official Report |date=1962 |publisher=Superintendent, Government Press |pages=421 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]

Deepak Bansal

2025-04-04T00:31:08Z

Nidanayurveda: reworked section also and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Deepak Bansal
| image =
| country =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|7|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 10 October
| year = 2015
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/793909.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Deepak Bansal''' (born 19 July 1990) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]].<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/793909.html |title=Deepak Bansal |access-date=10 October 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] on 15 November 2015 in the [[2015–16 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/901843.html |title=Ranji Trophy, Group B: Baroda v Punjab at Vadodara, Nov 15-18, 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for [[Railways cricket team|Railways]] in the [[2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament]] on 5 February 2017.<ref name="T20">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1079337.html |title=Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament, Central Zone: Railways v Rajasthan at Jaipur, Feb 5, 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/793909.html}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bansal, Deepak}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Punjab, India cricketers]]
[[Category:Railways cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Ludhiana]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1990-stub}}

Sivi Kingdom

2024-08-22T23:27:03Z

Nidanayurveda:

#REDIRECT [[Sivi kingdom]]

{{Redirect category shell |
{{R from move}}
{{R from other capitalization}}
}}

Hardaspur Kotla

2023-12-15T02:34:54Z

Nidanayurveda: created new data w/ sources - done

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{other uses|Hardaspur}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Hardaspur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Hardaspur Kotla.png
| map_caption = Map showing Hardaspur Kotla in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.27991|N|78.37189|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.193
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1189
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Hardaspur Kotla''' ({{IAST|Hardāspur Koṭlā}}) is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 1,189, in 181 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Hardaspur Kotla had a population of 1,189, in 181 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|95}} This population was 53.4% male (635) and 46.6% female (554). The 0-6 age group numbered 196 (112 male and 84 female), making up 16.5% of the total population. 260 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 21.9% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|98-9}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Hardaspur Kotla as having a population of 565 people (328 male and 237 female), in 83 households and 83 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|186-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Hardaspur Kotla as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 372 people (199 male and 173 female), in 63 households and 61 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 297 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xcii}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Hardaspur Kotla had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|95-100}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Mitan Pradyuth Debbarma

2022-10-29T01:58:29Z

Nidanayurveda: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of Tripura cricketers#D]]

Jindal Global Business School

2022-03-28T13:53:24Z

Nidanayurveda: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[O. P. Jindal Global University]]