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Jai Sreeram

2026-05-07T00:43:17Z

NicolasBull1: adding some entry initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jai Sreeram
| image = Jai_Sriram_poster.jpg
| caption = Official poster
| director = Balaji N. Sai
| producer = Thella Ramesh N.C.H. Rajesh
| screenplay =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Uday Kiran]] [[Reshma Rathore]]
| music = Dhake
| cinematography = Murali Shiva
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2013|4|11}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Jai Sreeram''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Telugu film|Telugu]]-language [[action film]] directed by Balaji N. Sai. The film had [[Uday Kiran]] and [[Reshma Rathore]] in lead roles with [[Adithya (actor)|Adithya Menon]] as the villain. This film happened to be Uday Kiran's last completed film. The film was an unofficial, namesake sequel to ''[[Sreeram]]'' (2002).

==Plot==
Sriram Srinivas (Uday Kiran) is a tough and honest cop. He values his job and fights for justice and the protection of society. His moral values and ethics bring him into direct conflict with Chintamani and his son (Aditya Menon). Chintamani is a corrupt politician who runs an illegal organ trade racket by exploiting orphans and homeless people.
Sriram Srinivas decides to put an end to Chintamani's game. He even goes against the Police Commissioner Ram (Chalapathi Rao)’s orders. But he faces some unexpected difficulties in the form of dishonest colleagues.
Sriram’s life is destroyed. His family is killed. There is nothing left for him.
That is when our hero decides to take revenge. He starts hunting down Chintamani and his gang. He does not spare his corrupt colleagues as well. What happens in the end and how Sriram achieves his objectives is what ‘''Jai Sriram''’ is all about.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Uday Kiran]] as Sriram Srinivas
* [[Reshma Rathore]] as Reshma
* [[Chalapati Rao]] as Police Commissioner Ram
* [[Adithya (actor)|Adithya Menon]] as Adi Narayana
* [[Thagubothu Ramesh]]
* [[Fish Venkat]]
* [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]] as Chintamani
* Giridhar as Sriram's friend
* Ambati Srinivas
* Bhaskar
* [[Harish Kalyan]] as Sidhu
* Master Kiriti
* [[Shanoor Sana|Sana]] as Sriram's mother
;Uncredited
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]]
* Sonam Singh in a special appearance in "Okati Rendu Moodu"
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)

| title1= Kaipeeku Vollu
| extra1= Bhargavi Pillai

| title2= Bhaga Bhaga
| note2= Male version
| extra2 =[[Vedala Hemachandra|Hemachandra]]

| title3= Bhaga Bhaga
| note3= Duet version
| extra3 = Hemachandra, Tejaswini

| title4= Sayyasamamasam
| extra4 = Koushik Kalyan, Shruti, Sravani

| title5= Jai Sriram
| extra5 = Sri Sowmya

| title6 = Chaka Cahkamani
| extra6 = Tejaswini

| title7 = Okati Rendu Moodu
| extra7 = Uma Neha
}}

== Reception ==
The film was released to moderate reviews. The Times of India gave the movie good review appreciating the cinematography and Uday Kiran's performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-review/19494812.cms |title=Jai Sriram movie review: Wallpaper, Story, Trailer at Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=29 April 2013 |accessdate=2013-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sakshipost.com/index.php/entertainment/trailers-reviews/16439-jai-sriram-movie-review |title=Jai Sriram - Movie review |publisher=Sakshi Post |date=2012-12-20 |accessdate=2013-04-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130616024425/http://www.sakshipost.com/index.php/entertainment/trailers-reviews/16439-jai-sriram-movie-review |archivedate=16 June 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/jai-sriram-a-clichd-story/article4614074.ece | title=Jai Sriram: A clichéd story | newspaper=The Hindu | date=13 April 2013 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140110082541/http://www.eenaducinema.com/videos/actors/uday-kiran-as-jai-sriram/413.html]
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 action films]]
[[Category:2013 Telugu-language films]]
{{2010s-Telugu-film-stub}}

LBW: Love Beyond Wicket

2026-05-02T21:39:52Z

NicolasBull1:

{{Short description|2026 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| image = LBW - Love Beyond Wicket Poster.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = Official Poster
| native_name =
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Coming-of-age]]
* [[Sports drama]]
}}
| creator =
| writer = Aruna Rakhee
| director = Ganesh Karthikeyan, Koan
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Vikranth]]
* Smruthi Mohankumar
* [[Sindhu Shyam]]
* Daffe Naveen
* Akshatha
* Ayaz Khan
* Niyathi Kadambi
* Nikhil Nair
* Gundu Karthik
* Viswa Mitran
* Harish
* Mrudula
}}
| theme_music_composer = Arun Raj
| composer = Sudharshan
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| country = India
| language = Tamil(Original), Telugu, Kannada, Hindi, Malayalam.
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 60
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = RJ Shyam Sundar
| producer = Padmini Rajavelu Rajavelu
| cinematography = Barathkumar Gopinath
| editor = Vignesh Arjun Sreedhar M
| runtime =
| company = A Tele Factory
| budget =
| network = [[JioHotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2026|01|01|df=y}}
| last_aired = present 
}}

'''''LBW: Love Beyond Wicket''''' is an Indian [[Tamil television drama|Tamil]]-language [[coming-of-age]] [[sports drama]] television series written by Aruna Rakhee, directed by Ganesh Karthikeyan, and starring [[Vikranth]], Niyathi Kadambi, Harish, Daffe Naveen, Gundu Karthik [[Sindhu Shyam]], Smruthi Mohankumar and Ayaz Khan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/22/vikranth-on-lbw-love-beyond-wicket-lbw-allowed-me-to-explore-my-connection-with-cricket|title=Vikranth on LBW- Love Beyond Wicket: 'LBW allowed me to explore my connection with cricket…'|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=22 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> The series' story is based on [[Cricket]] coach Rangan and his students. It premiered on [[JioHotstar]] on January 1, 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Dec/17/vikranths-lbw-love-beyond-wicket-gets-ott-premiere-date|title=Vikranth's LBW - Love Beyond Wicket gets OTT premiere date|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=17 December 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
This series follows a failed [[cricket]] player turned coach for the Muthu Nagar Cricket Academy team (Rangan). Rangan's journey along with students at the struggling academy, who unite to preserve a legacy while finding their own paths, forms the main plotline.

== Cast ==
* [[Vikranth]] as Rangan
* Smruthi Mohankumar as Minister Tulasi
* [[Sindhu Shyam]] as Rukmini
* Daffe Naveen as Matheyan
* Akshatha as Theovathy
* Ayaz Khan as Manikandan
* Niyathi Kadambi as Thangam
* Nikhil Nair as Rishi
* Gundu Karthik as Pandu
* Vishwa Mithran as Veera
* Mohan Brat as Jackie
* Sikkandar Basha as Velu
* Jeeva Balchandran as Girish
* Mrudula as Anu
* Sneha Sakthi as Varsha
* Harishankar Narayanan as Rajashekhar
* Sowmya Sharon as Lara
* Kavya Amira as Padma
* [[Ram G]] as Vinay

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The series was announced by [[JioHotstar]] under the banner of ''South UnBound'' on 9 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/jiohotstar-outlines-a-bold-vision-for-south-indias-creative-future-at-a-landmark-event-graced-by-tamil-nadus-honble-deputy-chief-minister-and-south-cinemas-biggest-icons-1922733|title=JioHotstar South Unbound: 25 Titles Revealed for 2026 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=9 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> The platform plans to launch nine new original shows in Tamil language.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/web-series/jiohotstar-25-new-titles-tamil-telugu-malayalam-kannada-article-153269655|title=JioHotstar Unveils South Indian Lineup Featuring Heartbeart Season 3, The Good Wife Season 2, Kaattaan Starring Vijay Sethupathi, and the Launch of Roadies in Telugu|website=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)]]|date=9 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> This series was created as the first series of the [[Hotstar Specials]] lineup in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jiohotstar-latest-january-2026-releases-vikranths-lbw-love-beyond-wicket-to-riteish-deshmukhs-bigg-boss-marathi-season-6/f16186e9b1621|title=JioHotstar latest January 2026 releases: Vikranth's LBW-Love Beyond Wicket to Riteish Deshmukh's Bigg Boss Marathi Season 6|website=www.ottplay.com|date=22 December 2025|language=en}}</ref>

The series is directed by Ganesh Karthikeyan, written by Aruna Rakhee and producer by A Tele Factory, who previously produced ''[[Chinna Thambi (TV series)|Chinna Thambi]]'', ''[[Eeramana Rojave (TV series)|Eeramana Rojave 2]]'' and ''[[Heart Beat (TV series)|Heart Beat]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tamil.webdunia.com/article/tamil-cinema-news-movie-film/vikranth-set-for-ott-debut-with-cricket-based-web-series-lbw-125122400021_1.html|script-title=ta:அட்லி தயாரிப்பில் விக்ராந்த் நடிக்கும் வெப்சீரீஸ்.. ரிலீஸ் தேதி அறிவிப்பு..! |trans-title=A Tele Factory produced a new web series|website=tamil.webdunia.com|language=ta |access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Actor [[Vikranth]] play the a [[Cricket]] coach Rangan. This is his debut role in a limited series,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Dec/24/vikranth-makes-his-debut-in-a-web-series |script-title=ta:இணையத் தொடரில் அறிமுகமாகும் விக்ராந்த்! வெளியீட்டுத் தேதி அறிவிப்பு!|trans-title=Vikranth makes his debut in a web series|website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta |access-date=December 24, 2025}}</ref> alongside Akshatha, Daffe Naveen, Niyathi Kadambi, Harish, [[Sindhu Shyam]] and Ayaz Khan.

=== Release ===
The first trailer was released under the banner of South UnBound on 9 December 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/lbw-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-stream-vikranths-cricket-drama-trailer-out/63b454871e84|title=LBW OTT release date: When and where to stream Vikranth’s cricket drama; trailer out|website=www.ottplay.com|date=17 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> The first promo was released on 17 December 2025 and revealed the releasing date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newstodaynet.com/2025/12/23/jiohotstar-unveils-promo-for-new-tamil-series-lbw/|title=JioHotstar unveils promo for new Tamil series ‘LBW’|website=[[News Today]]|date=23 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> On 22 December 2025, was releasing the series song. The series was released on 1 January 2026 in Tamil, [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Kannada]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/ott/vikranths-lbw-to-stream-from-jan-1|title=Vikranth’s LBW to stream from Jan 1|website=[[DT Next]]|date=20 December 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt39182415}}

{{Disney+ Hotstar Tamil original programming}}
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language school television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language teen television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language sports television series]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu
[[Category:Upcoming Tamil-language series]]

Wayanad Literature Festival

2026-04-28T07:26:32Z

NicolasBull1: added initial entry v1!

{{Short description|Literature Festival in India}}

'''Wayanad Literature Festival''' (WLF) is an Indian [[List of literary festivals in India|literary festival]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Portal, social media pages up ahead of Wayanad Literature Festival |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/portal-social-media-pages-up-ahead-of-wayanad-literature-festival/article66194656.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> It is organized every alternate December at Dwaraka village of Manathavady taluk in the [[Wayanad district]], [[Kerala]] since 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-28 |title=Wayanad Literature Festival from Thursday |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wayanad-literature-festival-from-thursday/article66313974.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is conducted by the Wayanad Literary Foundation. The festival is directed by [[Vinod Jose]] and curated by Dr Joseph K Job, VH Nishad and Leena Gita Reghunath.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Dec/31/wayanad-literature-festival-lovely-dramatic-and-deep|title=Wayanad Literature Festival: Lovely, dramatic and deep|first=Krishna P.|last=S|date=December 31, 2024|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Two editions of this festivals have been completed till December 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-05 |title=Second edition of Wayanad Literature Festival to be held in December |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/second-edition-of-wayanad-literature-festival-to-be-held-in-december/article68721705.ece |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> WLF, according to The New York Times and many media houses, is regarded India's largest rurally-held literature festival.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/08/world/asia/india-literature-festivals.html | title=The Hot Place to be Seen for Young Indians: Book Festivals | work=The New York Times | date=8 March 2025 | last1=Das | first1=Anupreeta | last2=Bhaskar | first2=Gabriela }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2024/Dec/27/ai-brings-back-literary-legends-like-kamala-das-vaikom-basheer-at-wayanad-lit-fest | title=AI brings back literary legends like Kamala das, Vaikom Basheer at Wayanad Lit Fest | date=27 December 2024 }}</ref> The recurring theme of the festival is Resilience, Expression, and Representation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayanad Literature Festival. When the world comes to an Indian village to think, listen, read and talk |url=https://wlfwayanad.com/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> The logo of the festival captures the ubiquitous wetland bird crane flying with a book on its long bill.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala's newest lit fest germinates in the fertile land of Wayanad |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/content/mm/en/kerala/top-news/2022/11/09/wayanad-literature-festival-arundhati-roy.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> The iconic Thamarassery mountain pass to the Western Ghats takes the shape of the bird's neck and body.

== Editions ==

=== 2022 ===
The first edition in 2022 was inaugurated by [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], Chief Minister of Kerala with [[Rahul Gandhi]], Member of Lok Sabha from [[Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency|Wayanad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Oct/06/250-writers-cultural-figures-to-take-part-in-wayanad-literature-festival|title=250 writers, cultural figures to take part in Wayanad Literature Festival|first=Express News|last=Service|date=October 6, 2024|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> In the 2022 edition, over 100 authors were part of the festival, including [[Arundhati Roy]], [[K. Satchidanandan]], [[K. R. Meera|KR Meera]], and many others, which saw a footfall of over 40,000 people.

=== 2024 ===
The second edition in 2024 was inaugurated by [[Siddaramaiah]], the Chief Minister of Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 27, 2024 |title=WLF a tribute to revolutionaries, says Siddaramaiah |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/wlf-a-tribute-to-revolutionaries-says-siddaramaiah/article69033861.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Over 400 writers spoke at the festival and over one lakh ten thousand people were estimated to have attended the festival. Speakers included [[Arundhati Roy]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu|Parvathy Thiruvoth]], [[Amitava Kumar]], [[Christophe Jaffrelot]], [[John Keay|John Kaey]], [[Santhosh George Kulangara]], [[Basil Joseph]]. The audience included a large number of who is who of northern Kerala and the visiting population of tourists from Bangalore, Hyderabad, Mysore, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai during that year-end weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Krishna P. |date=December 29, 2024 |title=INTERVIEW | 'I will be very disingenuous if I hold an event like media industry does' | Journalist Vinod K Jose |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Dec/29/interview-i-will-be-very-disingenuous-if-i-hold-an-event-like-media-industry-does-journalist-vinod-k-jose |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:2022 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Literary festivals in India]]

{{India-festival-stub}}

Darbar Festival

2026-04-26T14:49:50Z

NicolasBull1: put up details

{{Short description|Indian classical music festival}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox music festival
| name = Darbar Festival
| image = Darbar1.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Darbar logo
| genre = [[Indian classical music]]
| dates = September to November
| location = London
| coordinates =
| years_active = 2005–present
| founders = Sandeep Virdee
| organised = 
| attendance =
| capacity =
| website = [https://www.darbar.org/ darbar.org]
}}

The '''Darbar Festival''' is an [[Indian classical music]] festival based in London that annually features [[Hindustani classical music]] and [[Carnatic music]] and featured [[Indian classical dance]] in 2017. The festival was founded in 2005 in [[Leicester]] as a tribute to tabla teacher Gurmit Singh Virdee by his son Sandeep Virdee.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.darbar.org/bhai-gurmit-singh-virdee |title=Bhai Gurmit Singh Virdee (1937-2005) |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' described it as "probably the biggest festival of classical music outside India".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/britains-got-indian-talent/article2879350.ece |title=Britain's got Indian talent |last=Dutt |first=Devina |date=11 February 2012 |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>

== History ==
In 2005, after the sudden passing of tabla player and teacher Gurmit Singh Virdee (1937–2005), his son, Sandeep Virdee, hosted a tabla tribute concert in Leicester in honor of his father. The success of this event led to the creation of the Darbar Festival. In 2007, the charity, Darbar Arts Culture Heritage Trust, was created.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://darbar.org/our-story/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Darbar |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==List of festivals==
*2006 [[Peepul Centre]]
*2007 [[Phoenix Square]]
*2008 Phoenix Square: [[Irshad Khan]], [[Sanjay Subrahmanyan]], Tarun Jasani, [[Shashwati Mandal]], Bhupinder Chaggar, Kaviraj Dhadyalla<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2008-tv-season-1 |title=Darbar TV Season 1 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2009 [[Southbank Centre]]: [[Shashank Subramanyam]], [[Purbayan Chatterjee]], [[Tejendra Majumdar]], [[Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande]], [[Ganesh and Kumaresh]], [[Aruna Sairam]], Harmeet Virdee, [[Rupak Kulkarni]], [[Wasifuddin Dagar]], Somjit Das Gupta, Carnatic Ensemble<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2009-tv-season-2 |title=Darbar TV Season 2 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2010 [[Kings Place]]: [[Venkatesh Kumar]], [[Kushal Das]], [[Rajhesh Vaidhya]], [[Shivkumar Sharma]], [[Veena Sahasrabuddhe]] and Patricia Rozario, [[Jyotsna Srikanth]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2010-tv-series |title=Darbar TV Season 3 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2011 Kings Place: [[Ulhas Kashalkar]], [[Uday Bhawalkar]], Roopa Panesar, Gurdain Rayatt, Tarang Ensemble, Madras String Quartet<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2011-tv-series-4 |title=Darbar TV Season 4 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2012 [[Southbank Centre]]: [[Rajendra Prasanna]], [[Shujaat Khan]], [[Manjiri Asanare–Kelkar|Manjiri Asanare-Kelkar]], [[Mysore Brothers]], Prattyush Banerjee, [[N. Ravikiran]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2012-tv-series-5 |title=Darbar TV Season 5 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2013 Southbank Centre: [[Manjusha Kulkarni-Patil]], [[Debashish Bhattacharya]], [[Sudha Ragunathan]], [[Anupama Bhagwat]], Harjinderpal Matharu, [[Jayanthi Kumaresh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2013-tv-series-6 |title=Darbar TV Season 6 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2014 Southbank Centre: [[Niladri Kumar]], Debashish Bhattacharya, [[Shashank Subramanyam]], [[Prabha Atre]], [[Jyoti Hegde]], Prem Kumar Mallick<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2014-tv-series-7 |title=Darbar TV Season 7 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2015 Southbank Centre: [[Kaushiki Chakraborty]], [[Ranjani–Gayatri]], [[Ronu Majumdar]], Mita Nag, [[Irshad Khan]], [[Abhisek Lahiri]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2015-series-8 |title=Darbar TV Season 8 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2016 Southbank Centre: [[Rajan and Sajan Mishra]], [[Shubha Mudgal]], [[Amjad Ali Khan]], [[Aruna Sairam]], [[Jayanthi Kumaresh]], [[Rakesh Chaurasia]], [[Niladri Kumar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://player.darbar.org/darbar-festival-2016-tv-series |title=Darbar TV Season 9 |author= |website=darbar.org |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2017 [[Sadler's Wells Theatre]]: [[Akram Khan (dancer)|Akram Khan]], [[Patri Satish Kumar]], [[Pravin Godkhindi]], [[Mythili Prakash]], Debasmita Bhattacharya, Dheerendra Tiwari, [[Indrani Mukherjee (singer)|Indrani Mukherjee]], Ram Kumar Mallick, Samit Mallick, Arshad Khan, [[Mavin Khoo]], Sahana Banerjee, [[Aditi Mangaldas]], Surdarshan Chana, Supreet Deshpande, [[Kaivalya Kumar Gurav]], [[Nishat Khan]], Seeta Patel<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sadlerswells.com/whats-on/2017/darbar-festival |title=Darbar Festival 2017 |author= |publisher=Sadler's Wells Theatre |access-date=17 November 2023 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017211050/http://www.sadlerswells.com/whats-on/2017/darbar-festival |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
*2018 [[Barbican Centre]]: [[Rupak Kulkarni]], [[Meeta Pandit]], [[Soumik Datta]], [[Malladi Brothers]], [[Wasifuddin Dagar]], Sanju Sahai, [[G. J. R. Krishnan]], [[Lalgudi Vijayalakshmi]], Omkar Dadarkar, [[Shahid Parvez]], [[Parveen Sultana]]<ref name="BC">{{cite web |url=https://www.barbican.org.uk/whats-on/2023/series/darbar-festival-2023 |title=Darbar Festival 2023 |author= |publisher=Barbican Centre |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref>
*2019 Barbican Centre: Parimal Chakraborty, Gurdain Rayatt, Kaushik Konwar, [[Kala Ramnath]], Abhishek Borkar, Praashekh Borkar, [[Sudha Ragunathan]], [[Gundecha Brothers]], Sabir Khan, Momin Khan, Manjiri Asanare-Kelkar, J. A. Jayant, [[Budhaditya Mukherjee]], [[Shivkumar Sharma]]<ref name="BC" />
*2021 Barbican Centre: [[Jyotsna Srikanth]], Ken Zuckerman, Roopa Panesar, Sukhvinder Singh, Waseem Khan, [[Kushal Das]], [[Kaushiki Chakraborty]]<ref name="BC" />
*2022 Barbican Centre: Ramana Balachandran, [[Sabir Khan (musician)|Sabir Khan]], Sanskrati Wahane, Prakrati Wahane, Satyajit Talwalkar, [[Uday Bhawalkar]], Eeshar Singh, Rajrupa Chowdhury, Bharathi Prathap, [[Purbayan Chatterjee]], [[Rakesh Chaurasia]], [[Shubha Mudgal]]<ref name="BC" />
*2023 Barbican Centre: Ayan Sengupta, Pratik Shrivastav, [[Tari Khan]], Sarwar Hussain Khan, [[Jyoti Hegde]], Alam Khan, [[Ranjani–Gayatri]], [[Pravin Godkhindi]], [[Shashank Subramanyam]], [[Anupama Bhagwat]], [[Ulhas Kashalkar]]<ref name="BC" />
*2024 Barbican Centre: Dilshad Khan, [[Jayanthi Kumaresh]], [[Anindo Chatterjee]], [[Anubrata Chatterjee]], [[Jasdeep Singh Degun]], Shalmalee Joshi, [[Amaan Ali Bangash]], [[L. Subramaniam]], [[Ambi Subramaniam]], [[Aruna Sairam]], [[Kushal Das]], [[Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.barbican.org.uk/whats-on/2024/series/darbar-festival-2024 |title=Darbar Festival 2024 |author= |publisher=Barbican Centre |access-date=2024-10-28}}</ref>
*2025 Barbican Centre: Debasmita Bhattacharya, Prem Kumar Mallick, Prashant Mallick, [[Akkarai Sisters]], Ruchira Kedar, Yashwant Vaishnav, Vivek Pandya, Amaan Hussain, [[Sriranjani Santhanagopalan]], [[Rahul Sharma (musician)|Rahul Sharma]], [[Yogesh Samsi]], [[Patri Satish Kumar]], [[Giridhar Udupa]], [[T. M. Krishna]], Tanmay Deochake, [[Rakesh Chaurasia]], [[Shahid Parvez]], Shakir Khan<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Events |url=https://www.darbar.org/events |website=Darbar.org |access-date=2025-03-29}}</ref>
*2026 Barbican Centre: [[Jasdeep Singh Degun]], Debanjan Bhattacharjee, Spoorthi Rao, [[Wasifuddin Dagar]], Sunanda Sharma, Shahbaz Hussain, [[Irshad Khan]], Prasad Khaparde, [[Kala Ramnath]], [[Jayanthi Kumaresh]], [[Sandeep Narayan]], [[Amaan Ali Bangash]], [[Ayaan Ali Bangash]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.darbar.org/ Official website]

[[Category:Music festivals established in 2005]]
[[Category:Music festivals in London]]
[[Category:World music festivals]]

Salboni

2026-04-26T10:45:58Z

NicolasBull1: added a article basic info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Salboni
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Shalbani Railway Station.jpg
| image_caption = Shalbani railway station
| image_alt =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5654|N|87.1548|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}22.5654,87.1548
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 25
| population_total = 3,963
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages*
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santhali language|Santali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721147
| area_code = 03227
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Salboni (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Salboni]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Salboni''' (also written as '''Shalbani, Salbani''') is a village in the [[Salboni (community development block)|Salboni]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]], in the [[Medinipur Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Paschim Medinipur]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

Salboni is the location of one of the [[Reserve Bank of India]] currency printing presses<ref>{{cite web|title=The Salboni unit can print all currency notes including the new RS 2,000 and RS 500 notes.|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/tzz6jjpE0csScCpdQ4oIJP/RBIs-Salboni-printing-press-workers-say-they-will-not-work.html|website=livemint|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref> and the elite [[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action|CoBRA]] BN of [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]].

==History==
Raja Horogobindo Banerjee, popularly known as Horo Thakur, succeeded his father Raja Dr. Keshab Chandra Banerjee and ruled the region. During his lifetime, Banerjee established several [[Sanskrit]] schools as well as a college called "Horogobindo Chatuspathi."

Horogobindo Chatuspathi is considered to have been a vibrant hub, having played host to an annual seminar that was nearly always attended by Acharya Vinobha Vabe.

During [[World War II]], Salboni was the site of a [[Royal Air Force]] airfield (''RAF Salbani'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.midnapore.in/arifield/salboni-airfield.html|title=Salboni Airfield .:: World War II and now ::.|last=Midnapore|first=Arindam Bhowmik|website=www.midnapore.in|access-date=2017-11-13}}</ref>

British officers are buried in the Sal Tree Jungle in Salboni .<ref>[http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/h356.html Royal Airforce – History of No. 356 Squadron]</ref><ref>[http://www.britains-smallwars.com/India/159.html 159 Squadron]</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=480| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|37|30|N|87|18|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Medinpur Sadar subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, F: facilities Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|50|50|N|87|20|2|E}}| label-pos1=bottom|label1=Amlagora | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Amlagora]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|44|0|N|87|20|4|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Durllabhganj | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Durllabhganj]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|43|58|N|87|20|51|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Dwarigeria | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Dwarigeria]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|51|36|N|87|21|36|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Garbeta | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Garbeta]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|43|0|N|87|21|16|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Naba Kola | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Naba Kola]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|33|47|N|87|24|33|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6=Anandapur | numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Anandapur, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|27|52|N|87|8|52|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Chandra| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Chandra, Paschim Medinipur]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|45|30|N|87|20|11|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Chandrakona Road| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Chandrakona Road]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|42|30|N|87|10|16|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Goaltore| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Goaltore]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|31|48|N|87|19|45|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Godapiasal| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Godapiasal]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|33|16|N|87|27|0|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Keshpur| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Keshpur]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|42|30|N|87|8|30|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12= Pingboni| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Pingboni]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|33|55|N|87|9|17|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Salboni| numbered13=R| mark-title13= Salboni (R)|shape-color13=black| label-size13=13|label-color13=black 
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|43|10|N|87|20|22|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Satbankura| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Satbankura]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|25|50|N|87|19|8|E}}| label-pos15=right|label15= Midnapore| numbered15=M| mark-title15= [[Midnapore]] (M)| shape-color15= #800000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|30|52|N|87|21|13|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16= Karnagarh| numbered16=H| mark-title16= [[Karnagarh]] (H) |shape-color16=#AA6666
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|24|52|N|87|25|9|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17= Pathra| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Pathra, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|51|31|N|87|20|26|E}}| label-pos18=top|label18= Gongoni Danga| numbered18=H| mark-title18= [[Gongoni Danga]] (H) |shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|25|55|N|87|17|52|E}}| label-pos19=left|label19= Vidyasagar University| numbered19=F| mark-title19= [[Vidyasagar University]] (F)|shape-color19=#967117
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|34|55|N|87|18|29|E}}| label-pos20=left|label20= JSW Cement Plant| numbered20=F| mark-title20= [[Godapiasal]] (F) |shape-color20=#967117
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|52|0|N|87|11|0|E}}|label21= Shilabati|labela21= River| label-color21 = #77A1CB| label-angle21=60| label-pos21=top| label-size21=11| mark-size21=0| mark-title21=none
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|23|0|N|87|17|0|E}}|label22= Kangsabati River| label-color22 = #77A1CB| label-angle22=10| label-pos22=top| label-size22=11| mark-size22=0| mark-title22=none
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|48|20|N|87|15|20|E}}| label23= Hoomgarh |labela23= Forest | label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|46|19|N|87|15|16|E}}| label24= Gohaldanga |labela24= Forest Range | label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|37|50|N|87|6|30|E}}| label25= Lalgarh-Jhitka |labela25= Forest Range | label-color25 = #C42222 | label-angle25=0| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|37|19|N|87|14|40|E}}| label26= Salboni |labela26= Forest Range | label-color26 = #C42222 | label-angle26=0| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|50|N|87|10|0|E}}| label27= Goaltore |labela27= Reserve Forest | label-color27 = #C42222 | label-angle27=0| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|39|14|N|87|21|55|E}}| label28= Arabari |labela28= Range Forest | label-color28 = #C42222 | label-angle28=0| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|32|30|N|87|16|42|E}}| label29= Godapiasal |labela29= Forest | label-color29 = #C42222 | label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|30|14|N|87|14|54|E}}| label30= Bhadutola |labela30= Reserve Forest | label-color30 = #C42222 | label-angle30=0| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===Location===
Salboni is located in West Bengal at the coordinates of {{coord|22.5654|N|87.1548|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Salbani.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Salboni]</ref>

It has an average elevation of 25 metres (85 feet). It is on [[National Highway 60 (India)|NH 60]].

===Area overview===
Paschim Medinipur district (before separation of Jhargram) had a total forest area of 1,700 km2, accounting for 14.31% of the total forested area of the state. It is obvious from the map of the Midnapore Sadar subdivision, placed alongside, is that there are large stretches of forests in the subdivision. The soil is predominantly [[Laterite|lateritic]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report| title = District Human Development Report Paschim Medinipur, 2011| work= page 7, 27| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 10 September 2020}}</ref> Around 30% of the population of the district resides in this subdivision. 13.95% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.05% in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook Paschim Medinipur, 2013| work= Table 2.2, 2.4 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics |accessdate = 10 September 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]] Salboni had a population of 3,963, of which 1,973 (50%) were males and 1,990 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 371. The total number of literate persons in Salboni was 3,080 (77.72% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 27 October 2016 }}</ref>

.*For language details see [[Salboni (community development block)#Language and religion]]
==Civic administration==
===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Salboni block are located at Salboni.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

===Police station===
Salboni police station has jurisdiction over [[Salboni (community development block)|Salboni]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate= 14 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | title = District at a Glance | publisher = Paschim Medinipur District Police | accessdate = 27 October 2016 | archive-date = 27 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161027124602/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the [[Reserve Bank of India]], has banknote printing presses at Salboni and Mysore with a capacity of 16 billion note pieces per year.<ref>{{cite web | URL = https://www.brbnmpl.co.in/english/ | title = Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd. | publisher = Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd. | accessdate = 24 July 2016 | archive-date = 14 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161114234507/https://www.brbnmpl.co.in/english/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

On 11 January 2007 [[JSW Steel]] had announced plans to construct a 10 million tonne [[steel plant]] in Salboni.<ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Cement launched its newest manufacturing facility in Salboni|url=http://www.jsw.in/cement/jsw-cement-launches-rs-800-crore-cement-plant-salboni-west-bengal|website=jsw|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref> Construction costs were estimated to be around 35,000 [[crore]](5,3 million dollars).<ref>{{cite web|title=7 years on, Jindal sets up cement unit on Salboni land acquired for his steel plant|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/7-years-on-jindal-sets-up-cement-unit-on-salboni-land-acquired-for-his-steel-plant/|website=indian express|publisher=Subrata Nagchoudhury|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref> The plant was to be built on a 4300-acre plot of which 4000 acres were [[Barren vegetation|barren]] government land, 300 acres were bought from locals and 134 acres of the land was purposed for a [[cement plant]]. Unable to secure iron ore linkage, local villagers became disillusioned with the construction plans, as the projected economic boost failed to materialize.<ref>{{cite web|title=jindal steel plant at salboni west bengal india|url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/jindal-steel-plant-at-salboni-west-bengal-india|publisher=Swapan Kumar Patra|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=JSW Group may have failed to execute its Rs 35,000-crore|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/7-years-on-jindal-sets-up-cement-unit-on-salboni-land-acquired-for-his-steel-plant/|website=indian express|publisher=Subrata Nagchoudhury}}</ref> In 2014, [[JSW Steel]] announced that it would be returning 300 acres of land back to their original owners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salboni project: JSW returns acquired land to farmers|url=http://post.jagran.com/salboni-project-jsw-returns-acquired-land-to-farmers-1418649421|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017224823/http://post.jagran.com/salboni-project-jsw-returns-acquired-land-to-farmers-1418649421|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2015|website=Jagran Post|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref> After statements by the government that it would take back its land if it were left unused, [[JSW Steel]] announced in early 2016 that they were to build a cement plant and a [[power plant]], and are looking to expand their plans where possible.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bengal government had threatened the company to take back the land|url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/jindal-steel-plant-at-salboni-west-bengal-india|website=ejatlas|accessdate=12 November 2017}}</ref>

==Transport==
Salboni is well connected with major towns in the district by road. [[Salboni railway station]] is situated on [[Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line]] of South Eastern railway division.

==Healthcare==
Salboni Rural Hospital, with 35 beds at Salboni, is the major government medical facility in the Salboni CD block. <ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | accessdate =1 September 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.jindalsteel.com/Jindal Steel website]

{{Paschim Medinipur District}}

[[Category:Villages in Paschim Medinipur district]]

Arambagh

2026-04-21T11:15:59Z

NicolasBull1:

{{About|the town in West Bengal, India|its namesake community development block|Arambagh (community development block)|its namesake municipality|Arambagh Municipality|its namesake parliamentary constituency|Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|its namesake state assembly constituency|Arambag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Arambagh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Roads in Arambagh town 05.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Centre of Arambagh town
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.88|N|87.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = [[Arambagh Municipality]]
| leader_title1 = Chairman
| leader_name1 = Samir Bhandari ([[Trinamool Congress|AITC]])
| leader_title2 = Vice Chairman
| leader_name2 = Mamata Mukherjee ([[Trinamool Congress|AITC]])
| leader_title3 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]]
| leader_name3 = [[Mitali Bag]] ([[Trinamool Congress|AITC]])
| leader_title4 = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name4 = [[Madhusudan Bag]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hooghlydistrict.info/arambagh-municipality-details-hooghly-district.html | title = Arambagh Municipality | work = Hooghly district information | publisher = Hooghly district authorities | access-date = 14 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170720110758/http://www.hooghlydistrict.info/arambagh-municipality-details-hooghly-district.html | archive-date = 20 July 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 117.20
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 15
| population_total = 66,175
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census3-2011/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712601
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 (0) 3211
| registration_plate = WB-16
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Arambagh Lok Sabha constituency|Arambagh]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Arambagh Assembly constituency|Arambagh]]
| website = 
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Arambagh''' also known as '''Arambag''' is a town and a municipality in [[Hooghly district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is the headquarters of [[Arambag subdivision|Arambagh subdivision]].<ref>[http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm District-wise list of statutory towns]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041827/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm |date=27 September 2007 }}.</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=500| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|50|0|N|87|46|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Arambagh subdivision in Hooghly district''' M: municipal city/ town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|53|50|N|87|41|40|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1=Goghat | numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[Goghat]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|43|5|N|87|51|40|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Khanakul | numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[Khanakul]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|54|10|N|87|39|30|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3=Kamarpukur | numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Kamarpukur]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|40|N|87|57|37|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Pursurah| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Pursurah]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|56|45|N|87|41|18|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bengai| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Bengai]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|53|35|N|87|53|55|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Keshabpur| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Keshabpur, Hooghly]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|44|25|N|87|51|40|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Radhanagore| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Radhanagore]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|49|25|N|87|57|40|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Shrirampur| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Shrirampur, Arambagh]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|43|41|N|87|52|30|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Natibpur| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Natibpur, Hooghly]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|47|30|N|87|54|0|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Dakshin Narayanpur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Dakshin Narayanpur]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|53|20|N|87|46|48|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11= Arambag| numbered11=M| mark-title11= Arambag (M)|shape-color11=black| label-size11=13|label-color11=black 
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|52|10|N|87|39|57|E}}| label-pos12=bottom|label12= Gar Mandaran| numbered12=H| mark-title12= [[Gar Mandaran]] (H) |shape-color12=#AA6666
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|54|0|N|87|32|13|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13= Badanganj| numbered13=H| mark-title13= [[Badanganj]] (H) |shape-color13=#AA6666
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|48|44|N|87|46|6|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14= Bali Dewanganj| numbered14=H| mark-title14= [[Bali Dewanganj]] (H) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|54|30|N|87|51|44|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15= Bhalia| numbered15=H| mark-title15= [[Bhalia]] (H) |shape-color15=#AA6666
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|51|41|N|87|48|45|E}}| label-pos16=left|label16= Dihi|labela16= Bayara| numbered16=H| mark-title16= [[Dihi Bayara]] (H) |shape-color16=#AA6666
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|55|10|N|87|33|25|E}}| label-pos17=top|label17= Fului| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Fului]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|46|32|N|87|48|30|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18= Gourhati| numbered18=H| mark-title18= [[Gourhati]] (H) |shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|51|20|N|87|51|2|E}}| label-pos19=right|label19= Hamirbati| numbered19=H| mark-title19= [[Hamirbati]] (H) |shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|52|15|N|87|50|32|E}}| label-pos20=right|label20= Hat Basantapur| numbered20=H| mark-title20= [[Hat Basantapur]] (H) |shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|54|50|N|87|32|17|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21= Kayapat| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Kayapat]] (H) |shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|50|30|N|87|49|39|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22= Kanpur| numbered22=H| mark-title22= [[Kanpur, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|49|30|N|87|51|2|E}}| label-pos23=bottom|label23= Madhabpur| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Madhabpur, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|53|10|N|87|35|52|E}}| label-pos24=bottom|label24= Mamudpur| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Mamudpur, Arambagh]] (H) |shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|53|5|N|87|37|2|E}}| label-pos25=right|label25= Memanpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Memanpur]] (H) |shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|48|30|N|87|56|13|E}}| label-pos26=right|label26= Parul| numbered26=H| mark-title26= [[Parul, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|54|5|N|87|37|45|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Satberia| numbered27=H| mark-title27= [[Satberia]] (H) |shape-color27=#AA6666
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|53|0|N|87|34|1|E}}| label-pos28=left|label28= Shyambazar| numbered28=H| mark-title28= [[Shyambazar, Hooghly]] (H) |shape-color28=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|58|0|N|87|43|40|E}}|label29= Dwarakeswar|labela29= River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=60| label-pos29=top| label-size29=11| mark-size29=0| mark-title29=none
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|47|30|N|87|54|10|E}}|label30= Mundeswari|labela30= River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=65| label-pos30=top| label-size30=11| mark-size30=0| mark-title30=none
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|44|0|N|87|43|0|E}}|label31= Rupnarayan |labela31= River| label-color31 = #77A1CB| label-angle31=80| label-pos31=top| label-size31=11| mark-size31=0| mark-title31=none
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|44|0|N|87|58|40|E}}|label32= Damodar |labela32= River| label-color32 = #77A1CB| label-angle32=85| label-pos32=top| label-size32=11| mark-size32=0| mark-title32=none}}

===Location===
Arambagh is located at {{Coord|22.88|N|87.78|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 15 metres (118 feet). The town is situated on the link Road (state highway-2) 81Km  north-west of [[Kolkata]], 27 Km north-west of [[Tarakeswar]], 39 Km south-east of [[Bardhaman]]. It is located on the bank of the [[Dwarakeswar River]].
[[File:Map of arambag municipality .jpg|thumb|right|Map of Arambagh Municipality]]

===Area overview===
The Arambagh subdivision, presented in the map alongside, is divided into two physiographic parts – the Dwarakeswar River being the dividing line. The western part is upland and rocky – it is extension of the terrain of neighbouring Bankura district. The eastern part is flat alluvial plain area. The railways, the roads and flood-control measures have had an impact on the area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Physiography, Page 17-19|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 25 September 2020 }}</ref> The area is overwhelmingly rural with 94.77% of the population living in rural areas and 5.23% in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 25 September 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Climate===
The maximum temperature during summer rises up to 42 °C (2016)  while minimum temperature during winter comes down to 8 °C. Average annual rainfall is 1600 millimetres.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Arambagh had a total population of 66,175 of which 33,443 (51%) were males and 32,732 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 6,522. The total number of literate persons in Arambagh was 48,338 (81.03% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 June 2016 }}</ref>

{{as of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Arambagh had a population of 66,175. Males constitute 62% of the population and females 38%. Arambagh has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 79% male literacy and 58% of female literacy. 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Civic administration==
[[File:Arambagh state bus depot, Hooghly 03.jpg|thumb|Arambagh State Transport Corporation bus depot]]

===Police station===
Arambagh police station has jurisdiction over Arambagh municipal area and [[Arambagh (community development block)|Arambagh]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/Hooghly/hglyphone.php | title = Hooghly District Police | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 20 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170705234600/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/Hooghly/hglyphone.php | archive-date = 5 July 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The headquarters of Arambagh CD block are located at Arambagh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Hugli, Series-20, Part XIIA | work= Map of Hooghly district with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 June 2017 }}</ref>

==Economics==
This is a rice and potato agricultural area with several rice mills and cold storages.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/cold%20storage-ok/Cold%20storage11.html | title= List of functioning Cold Storage of West Bengal District wise as on 18.01.07 | publisher= West Bengal State Marketing Board | access-date= 28 January 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090122084728/http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/cold%20storage-ok/Cold%20storage11.html | archive-date= 22 January 2009 | url-status= dead }}</ref> Many Top branded companies set up their business in Arambagh.

==History==
[[File:Kamarpukur Ramakrishna Hut.jpg|thumb|[[Kamarpukur]] Ramakrishna Hut]]
[[File:Kanakeshwar Shiva temple of Arambagh PS in the district of Hooghly. 07.jpg|thumb|Kanakeshwar Shiva temple]]
Arambagh sub-division was formed in 1879. It was known as Jahanabad Sub-Division as the headquarters of the sub-division was the town of Jahanabad.[[Bankim Chandra Chatterji|Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] was the first Sub-Divisional Officer of Arambagh. On 19 April 1900 the name was changed from Jahanabad to Arambagh, which means "the garden of ease and comfort". Other prominent figures from the district were:
* [[Rammohan Roy]] – Reformer. He was Ambassador of Mughal Emperor.
* [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]] – Freedom fighter, Chief Minister of W.B.
* [[Ramakrishna|Ramkrishna Parmahnsa]] - Indian Hindu mystic and saint during the 19th century Bengal. [[Kamarpukur]] was his birthplace.
* Prasanna Kumar Sarbadhikary – First Patiganit (arithmetic book in Bengali) writer.
* Nandlal Maity - Writer of history of mathematics in Bengali in three volume.
* Narayan Ch Ghosh - Defined the term Folkmathematics - mathematics that is manifestation of folk life.

==Education==

===Libraries===
Two government sponsored public libraries are situated in Arambagh. Raja Rammohan Roy Pathagar-o- Sanskriti Parishad is the oldest and most popular library of this area. Another library is Arambagh Sub Divisional library. Besides these two, there are many other public libraries in the surrounding area.

===CBSE affiliated Schools===
[[File:J.N.V.Hooghly - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Hooghly]]]]
*[https://www.arambaghvivekanandaacademy.com Arambagh Vivekananda Academy] (CBSE affiliate from 2007)
*[https://navodaya.gov.in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Arambagh, Hooghly]
*[https://pearlrosaryschool.com Pearl Rosary School, Arambagh, Hooghly] (An authorised study centre of National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), Govt of India.)
=== CISCE (ICSE/ISC) Schools ===

* [https://saradavidyapith.in Sarada Vidyapith], affiliated to CISCE, New Delhi (School Code: WB508).
===West Bengal Board affiliated schools===
[[File:Arambagh High School - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Arambag High School]]
A list of the West Bengal Board affiliated schools in Arambagh, is given below:
*Bagharbard High School, Bagharbard, Mandalganthi, Hooghly
*Kapsit High School, Kapsit, Arambagh, Hooghly
*Batanal Union High School
*[[Arambag High School]]
*Kalipur Swamiji High School
*Pearl Rosary School
*Bajua High School
*[[Arambagh Girls High School]]
*Kanpur Krishnabati Vivekananda Institution
*Parul Ramkrishna Sarada High School
*Arambagh Boys Primari School
*Basanta Prathamik Vidhyalaya
*Dihibagnan K.B.Roy High School
*Saraswati Sishu Mandir, Balibela
*Tirol High School, Tirol
*Gourhati Haradas Institution
*Golta High School
*Golta Nimna Buniadi Vidyalaya
*Joyrampur Netaji High School
*Muthadanga R.K. High School
*Pirijpur Hamidannesa Vidyapith
*Bhurkunda High School (H.S)
*Naisarai High School
*Nirbhoy pur Badalkona Ghiya Nilkantha Sikshanikaten High School
*Uttor Badalkona Prathomik Bidyaloy
*Hatbasantapur Hara Parbbati Institution (H.S.)
*Goghat High School (HS)
*Bali High School (H.S.)
*Udayrajpur High School (H.S.)
*Damodarpur High School (H.S.)
*Bengai High School (H.S.)
*Shaikhpur High School, Uttar Rasulpur, Hooghly
*Karui P.C High School (H.S) Karui, arambagh, hooghly, 712615
*Baradongal R N Institution (H.S), Baradongal, Hooghly, 712617
*Kumursha Sital Chandra Dey Vidyamandir (H.S), Kumursha, Hooghly, 712616
*Saora Union High School, Saora, Hooghly
*Ghoshpur Union Netaji Vidyapith, Ghoshpur, Hooghly
*Gourhati Haradas Institution
*Raghunathput Saradamoni Valika Vidyalaya
*Ghasua Janata High School
*Mayal K.C. Roy Institution
*Thakuranichak Union High School
*Thakuranichak BBD Institution
*Dhanyaghori High School, Bandar
*Ghoradaha Sudhanya Charan High School
*Pole P.C.Sen High School
*Bengejola High School
*Ramnagar Atul Vidyalaya
*Madhurpur High School
*Patul Ganeshbazar High School(HS)
*Radhaballavpur High School
*Balarampur Primary School
*Mohanpur Primary School
*Khudiram Child Learning Centre (primary school)
*Anandamarga School (primary school), Rabindrapally, Arambagh
*Sisu Guchho (primary school)
*Kashinath Primary School
*Nirvoipur Primary School
*Chandibati Primary School
*Basudevpur Parul Jr. Basic School
*Dihibayra Primary School
*Haripur Sayedia Primary School
*Kamarpukur Ramakrishna Mission Multipurpose School
*Garh Mandaran High School
*Dhamsa P C SEN Institution
*Dakshin Rasulpur High School (H.S)
*Paschim Ghoshpur Ramkrishna Bidyapith (H.S)
*Chandur High School (H.S),712602, Chandur, Arambagh.

===General degree colleges===
*[[Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya]], [[Bengai]], [[Goghat II]] CD Block
*[[Arambagh Girls' College]], Arambagh
*[[Kabikankan Mukundaram Mahavidyalaya]], [[Keshabpur, Hooghly|Keshabpur]], [[Arambagh (community development block)|Arambagh]] CD Block
*[[Netaji Mahavidyalaya]], Kalipur, Arambagh
*[[Rabindra Mahavidyalaya]], [[Champadanga]], [[Pursurah]]
*[[Raja Rammohan Roy Mahavidyalaya]], [[Radhanagore]], [[Khanakul I]] CD Block
*[[Sri Ramkrishna Sarada Vidyamahapith]], [[Kamarpukur]], [[Goghat II]] CD Block

===Polytechnic===
*ITI-Bengai, Goghat
*Arambagh Government Polytechnic, Arambagh
* The New Horizon Institute of Technology, Durgapur

==See also==
* [[Arambagh Vivekananda Pally]]
* [[Muthadanga]]

==References==
{{EB1911 poster|Jahanabad}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Hooghly District}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Hooghly topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hooghly district]]

Smriti Kalra

2026-04-17T12:30:59Z

NicolasBull1:

{{short description|Indian television actress (born 1987)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Smriti Kalra
| image = Smriti Kalra snapped during a photo shoot for Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara (4)(cropped).jpg
| caption = Kalra in 2021
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|10|26|df=yes}}
| alma_mater = IIM Calcutta
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2009–present
| known_for = {{ubl| ''[[Cash (2021 film)|Cash]]''|''[[12/24 Karol Bagh]]''|''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]''|''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''}}
}}

'''Smriti Kalra''' is an Indian actress and model. She first appeared as a lead in ''[[12/24 Karol Bagh]]'' as Simmi on [[Zee TV]]. She got fame with the title role in [[Channel V India]]'s serial ''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]''. She was also seen in show ''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'' as Ahana on [[StarPlus]]. Her debut film ''[[Cash (2021 film)|Cash]]'' released on [[Disney+ Hotstar]].

==Career==
She made her acting debut with ''[[12/24 Karol Bagh]]'' in which she played the role of Simmi. In 2012, she played the role of Suvreen, a college girl, in the show ''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]''. In 2014, she played the critically acclaimed role of Neha in the show ''Itti Si Khushi'' on [[Sony TV]]. This show was about a woman of 26 years old with the mind and behaviour of a 16-year-old because of memory loss. In 2015, She hosted the 5th season of the show ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]'' along with [[Parth Samthaan]] on [[Zing TV]]. In 2017, she worked in the short film ''Cup of Tea'' which received the official selection and nomination in over 72 international film festivals and won many awards including the 2nd best short film award at the EduDoc International Short Film Competition and was the official selection for the 20th International children film festival India 2017.

In 2017, she appeared opposite [[Sanjay Kapoor]] in ''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'', a television series set in the backdrop of modern-age romance.

In 2019, she co-directed the award-winning shortfilm ''Ambu'' in which she played both a man and woman.The film was a part of the 10 best [[48 Hour Film Project]] films contingent that went to [[Filmapalooza]] 2019 in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]].

In 2020, she was seen in the short film ''Unlocked: The Stranger'' which is the first of a series of 5 short films made during the [[COVID-19]] lockdown written and directed by Abhijit Das.

==Filmography==
===Films===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2017
| ''Cup of Tea''
| Tourist
| Short film
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/short-films-with-a-message/article22761231 |title='Cup of tea' and 'The Obituary' carry a message for everyone – The Hindu |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
| ''Lights Out''
| Leela
|
|
|-
| ''Ambu''
| Ambu
| Also writer and director
|
|-
| 2020
| ''Unlocked: The Stranger''
|
| Short film
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/english/2020/jul/03/45-days-seven-nations-five-short-films-this-is-how-short-film-unlocked-was-shot-2164779.html |title=45 days, seven nations, five short films: This is how short film 'Unlocked' was shot- The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Cash (2021 film)|Cash]]''
| Neha
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/disney-hotstar-s-cash-starring-amol-parashar-is-a-comic-take-on-demonetisation-1492310 |work=ABP live |title=Disney+Hotstar's 'Cash' Starring Amol Parashar Is A Comic Take on Demonetisation |date=9 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''Darran Chhoo''
| Dolly
|
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Kaagaz 2]]''
| Tanisha
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-kaagaz-2-review-rating-starring-satish-kaushik-anupam-kher-neena-gupta-1668963|title=Kaagaz 2 Review: A Gripping Tale of Struggle, Emotion, And Battle For Justice|first=Amit|last=Bhatia|date=March 2, 2024|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2009–2010
| ''[[12/24 Karol Bagh]]''
| Simran "Simi" Sethi Taneja
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Delhis-driving-TV-content/articleshow/7111379.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104065109/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-12-17/tv/28214279_1_karol-bagh-soaps-smaller-cities |url-status=live |archive-date=4 November 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Delhi's driving TV content |date=17 December 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Meethi Choori No 1]]''
| Contestant
|
|
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Suvreen Guggal – Topper of The Year]]''
| Suvreen "Suvi" Guggal
|
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/smriti-gets-a-makeover-for-topper-of-the-year/articleshow/13134737.cms |title=Smriti gets a makeover for 'Topper of the year' |work=The Times of India |date=14 May 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2015
| ''Itti Si Khushi''
| Neha
|
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''
| Host
| Season 5
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]''
| Ahana Raichand Mathur
|
|<ref>{{cite web|date=23 January 2018|title=SHOCKING ! Star Plus show Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara is going OFF-AIR !|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/shocking-star-plus-show-dil-sambhal-jaa-zara-is-going-off-air-638470|work=[[ABP Live]]|access-date=3 February 2018|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212222914/http://www.abplive.in/television/shocking-star-plus-show-dil-sambhal-jaa-zara-is-going-off-air-638470|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

====Special appearances====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009
| ''[[Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar]]''
| rowspan="2"|Simran "Simi" Sethi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exploring India's diversity|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/exploring-india-s-diversity/story-4zP9c5gTL9t8FDkHgmrvYJ.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=12 June 2010 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chotti Bahu]]''
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''
| Herself
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Ishqbaaaz]]''
| Ahana Raichand
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
| Herself
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 10: Shivin Narang and Smiriti Kalra have a blast in Bulgaria|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-10-shivin-narang-and-smiriti-kalra-have-a-blast-in-bulgaria-1593834-2019-08-31|access-date=2020-07-20|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Singer(s)
! Album
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
|2020
|''Khoobseerat''
|[[Suyyash Rai]]
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Khoobseerat by Suyyash Rai |date=6 January 2020 |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/khoobseerat/1583300190?i=1583300865 |language=en-GB |access-date=4 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
|''Jogiya''
|[[Shibani Kashyap]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabi Song 'Jogiya' Sung By Shibani Kashyap |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/watch-latest-2021-punjabi-song-jogiya-sung-by-shibani-kashyap/videoshow/81707481.cms |access-date=4 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Humsafar''
|[[Suyyash Rai]]
| rowspan="4" |Musical series: "Aakhiri Mulaqaat"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music Video – 'Humsafar' Sung By Suyyash Rai Featuring Smriti Kalra And Harshad Chopda |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-song-music-video-humsafar-sung-by-suyyash-rai-featuring-smriti-kalra-and-harshad-chopda/videoshow/88292019.cms |access-date=15 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Pyaar Ke Saleeqe''
|Lakshay, Aakanksha Sharma
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harshad Chopda, Smriti Kalra join musical series 'Aakhiri Mulaqaat' |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=903467 |access-date=1 January 2022 |website=[[Daijiworld Media]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Ghalat''
|[[Himani Kapoor]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2021 |title=सुयश राय द्वारा निर्देशित म्यूजिक वीडियो 'गलत' हुआ रिलीज |url=https://sanjeevnitoday.com/entertainment/music-video-galat-directed-by-suyyash-rai-released/cid6111815.htm |access-date=1 January 2022 |website=Sanjeevni Today |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''Aakhiri Mulaqaat''
|[[Suyyash Rai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Aakhiri Mulaqaat' Sung By Suyyash Rai Featuring Smriti Kalra And Harshad Chopda |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-trending-song-music-video-aakhiri-mulaqaat-sung-by-suyyash-rai-featuring-smriti-kalra-and-harshad-chopda/videoshow/88662703.cms |access-date=4 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Dheere Dheere Tumse Pyaar Hogaya''
|[[Stebin Ben]]
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Dheere Dheere Tumse Pyaar Hogaya - Mohsin Khan and Smriti Kalra {{!}} Stebin Ben, Vivek, Kumaar {{!}} Zee Music Originals |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z1CUlUHuN4 |language=en |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
|-
|2010
|[[Indian Telly Awards]]
|Fresh New Face (Actress)
|[[12/24 Karol Bagh]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|5004320}}
* {{Instagram|smiritikalra5|Smriti Kalra}}
{{Commons}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalra, Smiriti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1987 births]]

Mānasaputra

2026-04-16T07:27:45Z

NicolasBull1:

{{Short description|Mind-born children of Brahma in Hinduism}}

'''Manasaputras''' ({{Langx|sa|मानसपुत्र|lit=mind-son}}, {{IAST3|Mānasaputra}}) are a class of beings in [[Hinduism]], referring to the 'mind-children' or the 'mind-born' sons of [[Brahma]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEgwAAAAYAAJ&dq=manasaputra&pg=RA15-PA12 |title=Theosophical Siftings |date=1894 |publisher=Theosophical Pub. Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=T. V. Satyanarayana |author2=A. S. Venugopala Rao |author3=T. N. Saraswati |author4=N. Nanjunda Sastry |author5=K. L. Shankaranarayana Jois |author6=Hari |author7=M. N. Lakshminarasimha Bhatta |author8=S. L. Sheshadri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHOODwAAQBAJ&dq=manasaputra+brahma&pg=PT177 |title=Maharshis of Ancient India |date=2019-03-23 |publisher=Bharatha Samskruthi Prakashana |isbn=978-93-89028-73-7 |language=en}}</ref> In [[Hinduism]], [[Brahma]] is believed to have created a number of children from his mind.

Sometimes, these children of the mind are stated to be identical to the [[Prajapati]]s, the progenitors of all beings in each creation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=George M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC&dq=manasaputra+mind-born&pg=PA208 |title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology |date=2008-03-27 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2 |page=208 |language=en}}</ref> The Manasaputras are believed to have created the first man, [[Svayambhuva Manu]], and the first woman, [[Shatarupa]], who had five children, who went on to populate the earth.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abYOAAAAQAAJ&dq=nine+mind-born&pg=PA428 |title=Indian Caste |date=1877 |publisher=Times of India Office |isbn=978-0-524-09449-5 |page=428 |language=en}}</ref>

== Lists ==
{{Hinduism}}
The Mahabharata lists six sages created by Brahma from his mind{{mdash}}[[Marichi]], [[Angiras]], [[Atri]], [[Pulastya]], [[Pulaha]], and [[Kratu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Aṅgiras |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241394.html |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

According to the [[Vishnu Purana]], the nine manasaputras of Brahma are: [[Bhrigu]], [[Pulastya]], [[Pulaha]], [[Kratu]], [[Angiras]], [[Marichi]], [[Daksha]], [[Atri]], and [[Vasishtha]]. These sages are referred to as the [[Brahmarshi]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-30 |title=Production of the mind-born sons of Brahma [Chapter VII] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc115942.html |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Wisdom Library |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Loka |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241732.html |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Wisdom Library |language=en}}</ref>

According to the [[Bhagavata Purana]], some of the manasaputras are: [[Angiras]], [[Atri]], [[Pulastya]], [[Marichi]], [[Pulaha]], [[Jambavan]], [[Bhrigu]], [[Vashistha]], [[Daksha]], [[Narada]], [[Chitragupta]], the [[Four Kumaras]], [[Himavat]], and [[Shatarupa]].<ref name="PlukkerZanten1993">{{cite book|author1=D. F. Plukker|author2=R. Veldhuijzen van Zanten|title=Allied Chambers transliterated Hindi-Hindi-English dictionary|publisher=Allied Chambers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kWROaer5UsC&pg=PA988|date=1993|isbn=978-81-86062-10-4|pages=988–}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Atharvan]]
*[[Saptarishi]]
*[[Prajapati]]
*[[Chitragupta]]
*the [[Four Kumaras]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hindu mythology]]

Harishchandrapuram Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:58Z

NicolasBull1: adding some stub w/ refs

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Harishchandrapuram
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]]
| established = 1967
| abolished = 2008
| type= SLA
}}

'''Harishchandrapuram Assembly constituency''' was a constituency of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]<ref name=delimitation1961>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3950-dpaco-1961/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1961 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=7 December 1961 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> until 2008 in Srikakulam district.

==Overview==
It was a part of [[Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency]] along with another six [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] segments, namely, [[Palasa (Assembly constituency)|Palasa]], [[Tekkali (Assembly constituency)|Tekkali]], [[Pathapatnam (Assembly constituency)|Pathapatnam]], [[Srikakulam (Assembly constituency)|Srikakulam]], [[Amadalavalasa (Assembly constituency)|Amadalavalasa]] and [[Narasannapeta (Assembly constituency)|Narasannapeta]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| 1967
| Krishna Murthy Kinjarapu
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| 1972
| rowspan=2|Kannipally Appla Narasimha Bhuktha
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1978
|-
| 1983
| rowspan=4|[[Kinjarapu Yerran Naidu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1985<ref name=election1985>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4049-andhra-pradesh-1985/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 1985 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| 1994
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| 1996
| rowspan="3" | [[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=G|first=Siva|date=19 October 2020|title=Kinjarapu Atchannaidu appointed as new chief of TDP in Andhra Pradesh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/kinjarapu-atchannaidu-appointed-as-new-chief-of-tdp-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/78754290.cms|access-date=24 December 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 1999<ref name=election1999>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4052-andhra-pradesh-1999/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 1999 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2004<ref name=election2004/>
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Harishchandrapuram<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kinjarapu Atchannaidu]]
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{coord|16.79|80.94|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Srikakulam district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

218 Medium Regiment (India)

2026-04-07T14:29:07Z

NicolasBull1: Creating Initial Pg More To Come

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=218 Medium Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates=1967 – present
|country={{flag icon|India}} [[India]]
|allegiance=India
|branch= [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
|type= [[File:Regiment of Artillery Insignia (India).svg|20px]] [[Artillery]]
|role=
|size= Regiment
|command_structure=
|equipment=[[Haubits FH77|Haubits FH77 155 mm guns]]

|Past Commanders=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=

|identification_symbol=218 Med Regt
|identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation

|nickname=
|patron=
|motto= Sarvatra, Izzat-O-Iqbal (Everywhere with Honour and Glory)
|colors= Red & Navy Blue
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|anniversaries=1 October – Raising Day
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}
'''218 Medium Regiment''' is part of the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]] of the [[Indian Army]].

== Formation==
The regiment was raised on 1 October 1967 at [[Dhrangadhra]] with [[Rajput]] troops.<ref name="GJ">{{cite web|url=https://stampdigest.in/2020/01/24/aps-cover-oct-2019-golden-jubilee-218-medium-regiment/|title=Golden Jubilee|date=2019-10-12|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sainik Samachar, Volume 59|year=2012|page=29|publisher=Director of Public Relations, Ministry of Defence}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/ex-servicemen-movement-to-the-forefront/story-kzOewUPkNjJGd6vGXu6y4H.html|title= Ex-Servicemen Movement to the forefront|date=2012-12-25|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref> It consists of 2181, 2182 and 2183 medium batteries.

==Operations==
The regiment has taken part in the following operations<ref name="GJ"/> -
*'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Operation Cactus Lily]]''' – The regiment took part in the 1971 war in the western sector in the [[Barmer district|Barmer]] subsector.<ref name="Dutt">{{cite web|url=https://corporatecitizen.in/v3-issue9/guest-talk-capt-shekhar-dutt-1971-an-excursion-in-sindh-notings-from-a-soldiers-diary.html|title=Capt Shekhar Dutt: 1971 – AN EXCURSION IN SINDH : Notings from a Soldier's Diary|date=2017-07-16|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref> It was part of divisional artillery of [[11th Indian Infantry Division|11 Infantry Division]]. 2183 Medium Battery, which was in support of 85 Infantry Brigade was the first to fire the opening salvo during the war in this sector. The guns were used for direct shooting of Pakistani bunkers in Gazi Camp and Kajlor on 4/5 December. 2181 Medium Battery was in support of 31 Infantry Brigade. It supported the attack of [[Kumaon Regiment|15 Kumaon]] on Gadra City on 4/5 December 1971. The regiment saw action during the capture of the formation named ‘Apex’ on the night of 10/11 December.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit |title=Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971|date=1994|publisher= Spantech & Lancer|isbn=978-1897829554|pages=223–5}}</ref> The unit lost Gunner Brij Raj Singh during the operations.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/amarjawan/index.php?qname=&qwar=1971%20Bangladesh%20War&cur=0&qunit=218%20Med%20Regt&qnum=&qregt=Regiment%20Of%20Artillery&qdate=|title= Amar-Jawan - A database of Indian Armed Forces Martyrs 1947-1997|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref> The regiment won one Sena Medal and two Mentioned in dispatches.
*'''Operation Falcon''' – The regiment had two tenures, 1986–90 and 1994–96. During its first tenure, the [[Sumdorong Chu standoff]] took place in the [[Tawang district|Tawang]] sector of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] along the Sino-Indian border. In the winter of 1986–87, as part of the proactive Indian response to Chinese incursions into the Wangdung area of the [[Sumdorong Chu]] Valley, a battery of newly inducted [[Haubits FH77]] guns (commonly known as the Bofors guns) of the 285 Medium Regiment was inducted into the Tawang sector of the [[Tezpur]]-based [[IV Corps (India)|4 Corps]]. After the crisis ended, it handed over its guns to 218 Medium Regiment in the same area. 218 Medium Regiment was officially declared as the first Bofors unit.<ref>{{cite book|last=Subramaniam|first=Arjun|title=Full Spectrum, India's Wars 1972-2020|date=2020|publisher= Harper Collins India|isbn=978-9353578053}}</ref>
*'''[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Operation Parakram]]''' – 2001-2
*'''Operation Rakshak''' – 2009-11 – counter terrorist operations.
*'''Operation Rhino''' – 2014-17 – counter terrorist operations.

==Gallantry awards==
{{Incomplete list|date=November 2023}}
*[[Sena Medal]] – Captain Shekhar Dutt<ref>{{cite web|url= https://egazette.gov.in/(S(fpmwitalh5paydbfa5wg1pq3))/ViewPDF.aspx|title=Gazette of India, No 10, page 287|date=1974-03-09|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref>
*[[Mentioned in dispatches]] – Havildar Jagat Narain Singh, Gunner (TA) Virender Pal Singh<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105071206/https://egazette.gov.in/(S(xixkslmayij2zo2ruc3sapv1))/ViewPDF.aspx | url= https://egazette.gov.in/(S(xixkslmayij2zo2ruc3sapv1))/ViewPDF.aspx | title=Gazette of India, No 4204, page 532|date=1974-05-11|access-date=2023-11-24|archive-date=5 November 2023}}</ref>
*[[Commendation Card (Indian Army)|COAS Commendation Card]] – Colonel Sachin Gahlawat<ref>{{cite web|url= https://archive.pib.gov.in/documents/rlink/2017/aug/i201781403.docx|title= LIST OF PERSONNEL BEING AWARDED CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF COMMENDATION ON THE OCCASION OF INDEPENDENCE DAY-2017|date=2017-08-15|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref>
*[[Commendation Card (Indian Army)|VCOAS Commendation Card]] – Naik Manish Kumar Sharma<ref>{{cite web|url= https://indianarmy.nic.in/about/2019-army-day-honours-awards-list-of-awardees/vcoas-commendation-card-2019-army-day-honours-awards-list-of-awardees|title=VCOAS Commendation Card|date=2019-01-15|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref>

==Achievements==
*The regiment had the honour to participate in the [[Delhi Republic Day parade|Republic Day Parade]] in 1999 and 2001 with their Haubits FH77 155 mm guns.<ref name="RD">{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUxpHlD4kZc|title= Republic Day Parade 26th January 1999, Part – 1|date=1999-01-26|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpLcRM4Y6C0|title= Republic Day Parade 26th January 2001, Part – 1|date=2001-01-26|access-date=2023-11-24}}</ref>

==Battle cry==
The battle cry of the regiment is वीर राजपूत सर्वत्र विजय (Veer Rajput Sarvatra Vijay) which translates to ''Brave Rajput, always victorious''.<ref name="RD"/>

==Notable officers==
*Captain [[Shekhar Dutt]]– was a [[Artillery observer|Forward Observation Officer]] (FOO) in the regiment during the 1971 war. He was awarded the Sena Medal during this war. He went on to join the [[Indian Administrative Service]] and rose to be the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], Deputy National Security Advisor and [[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|4th Governor of Chhattisgarh]].<ref name="Dutt"/>

==See also==
*[[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Artillery|List of artillery regiments of Indian Army]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1967]]
[[Category:Artillery regiments of the Indian Army after 1947]]

Dollah Darya Khan

2026-03-20T01:14:23Z

NicolasBull1: updated section per sources and updated info per sources

{{short description|General of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Multiple issues|{{More citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{POV|date=June 2023}}}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Jam
| name = Darya Khan Lashari
| native_name = {{Lang|sd|{{Naskh|ڄام دولهه دريا خان قبوليو سمو}}}}
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| office = [[Regent]] of the [[Samma Dynasty|Samma Ruler]]
| term_start = 1490
| term_end = 1512
| monarch = [[Jam Feroz]],
[[Jam Nizamuddin II]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1521
| death_place = [[Thatta|Fatehpur]], [[Sindh]], [[Samma Dynasty]]
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates=
| birth_name =
| other_party = 
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children = Mahmud Khan Qabulio, Motan/Matin Khan Qabulio
| occupation = General, Noble, Courtman
| profession = 
| allegiance =
| branch = Qabulio Samma
| service_years = 1490–1521
| rank = Commanding General
| unit =
| commands = Samma Army
| battles = [[Battle of Jalwakhir]] [[Battle of Fatehpur (1519)|Battle of Fatehpur]]
| awards =
}}
'''Jam Mubarak Khan Qabulio Sammo (Darya Khan Lashari''',<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N. A. |last2=Rafi |first2=A. Q. |title=History of civilizations of Central Asia, v. 4: THE REGIONS OF SIND, BALUCHISTAN, MULTAN AND KASHMIR: THE HISTORICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SETTING |date=1998 |publisher=Unesco |isbn=978-92-3-103467-1 |page=305 |url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/default/files/knowledge-bank-article/vol_IVa%20silk%20road_the%20regions%20of%20sind%2C%20baluchistan%2C%20multan%20and%20kashmir.pdf}}</ref> '''Darya Khan Qabulio Sammo'''{{cn|date=July 2024}} ({{langx|sd|دريا خان قبوليو}})), was a general of the [[Samma Dynasty]] of [[Sindh]], a statesman and regent at the court of Samma ruler [[Jam Feroz]].{{cn|date=July 2024}}

Darya Khan was a [[Lashari]] [[Baloch people|Baloch]]<ref name="UNESCO" /> and the adopted son and prime minister of [[Jam Nizamuddin II]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/791479|title=Heritage: Setting history right|last=InpaperMagazine|first=From|date=2013-03-09|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2019-09-27}}</ref>{{reliable source|not an academic source, no information is available about the author|date=July 2024}} Darya Khan Sammo became the 'Dollah' (Hero) of Sindh. On his deathbed, Jam Nizamuddin, entrusted Darya Khan to care for his kingdom, his treasures, his family, and his minor son [[Jam Feroz]].

Darya Khan was killed in action in the [[Battle of Fatehpur (1519)|Battle of Fatehpur]] when an arrow struck his throat, thus ending the reign of Jam Feroz as an independent ruler.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

==Military service==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
In the Mongol days, Sultan Hussain Mirza Baiqra, of [[Khorasan province|Khurasan]], responding to complaints of the Central Asian merchants of Herat and Qandhar that they had been looted by Sindhis, sent an armed expedition to the Sind border. A declaration of victory was issued in [[Herat]] in 892 A.H. (1487 A.D.). It stated that the infidels (Sindhis), aware of Mongol movements, collected a large army and planned a surprise attack. Still, the Mongol Islamic forces learned of it and attacked, killing many Hindus (led by Jam Nizamuddin).

This may have been an attack on the Sindh border without any results. Amir Zul Noon Arghoon was then Herat's Naib at Qandhar. He seems to have despatched his son Shah Beg on this expedition. The latter captured [[Sibi Fort]] from Bahadur Khan and installed his brother Sultan Mohammad, who was later defeated and killed by Mubarak Khan (Darya Khan Dullah) near Jalwagir in the [[Bolan Pass]].

Mongol troops had advanced as far as [[Chanduka]], Sardecha, and Kot Machhi. After they were expelled by Darya Khan, they did not return to Sindh during Jam Nizamuddin's lifetime.

Jam Nizamuddin died after 48 years of rule of Sind and was succeeded by his son Nasiruddin Abul Fatah Feroz Shah-II. At that time, Jam Feroz had neglected affairs of state and refused the advice of Darya Khan, who retired to his Jagir in the village Ghaha (Kahan near Sehwan). These failures brought his defeat at the hands of Salahuddin who became Sindh's ruler. Feroz Shah, along with his mother Madina Machhani went over to Ghaha to Darya Khan, who at the request of Madina agreed to help. He collected troops from Sehwan, but lost to Haji, the Minister of Jam Salahuddin. The Minister's letter about the success fell into the hands of Darya Khan, who replaced it, conveying to Salahuddin that the Minister's forces had been defeated. Darya Khan then moved Feroz Shah to Thatta and installed him as 1st Shawwal, 918 A.H. (2 October 1512 A.D.). Salahuddin then returned to Gujarat. He remained in possession of Thatta for about eight months and collected a large sum of money from Thatta and organized another battle.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Puri |first1=B. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7fUHMEDAyEC&q=darya+khan&pg=PA81 |title=A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India |last2=Das |first2=M. N. |date=2003-12-01 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-2508-9 |pages=81 |language=en}}</ref>

==Last days of Darya Khan ==
Records of his last days include:

Tahiri: 
{{cquote|that the courtiers being jealous of his power and position persuaded Feroz Shah to crush him, but the latter finding himself incapable avoided any direct conflict; so they approached Feroz's mother Madina Machhani advising her to invite the Mongols and Arghuns to free Sindh from the power of Darya Khan. According to this plan, Madina invited Shah Beg from [[Qandahar]]. Shah Beg took the Baghban-Sehwan route and encountered Darya Khan near the 'Khan Wan' canal which he had himself built to irrigate the lands of village Sankorah (Sakro) and other areas (of Thatta and Sakro Talukas). Darya Khan was killed while fighting bravely when an arrow hit him in the throat. Feroz Shah kept aloof.<ref>Channa Mahboob Ali, Mehran, Vol.41, No. 4, 1964, pp. 131-32.</ref>
}}
 Masumi:

{{cquote|Some Mongols had migrated to Thatta and entered the service of Jam Feroz who had assigned a separate quarter to them called Mongol Pura. One Mir Qasim Kaibakian Arghoon encouraged and induced Shah Beg to undertake the conquest of Thatta and, therefore, Shah Beg made reparations and was first opposed near Talhati (Talti) by Matan Khan (Motan Khan) son of Darya Khan, but avoiding them Shah Beg reached Khanwah located 6 miles north of the city of Thatta, crossed the river at a point where it was shallow and reached near Thatta. Darya Khan left Feroz Shah in the city and came out to fight a fierce battle, which he lost, and was captured by Tingari Birdi Qabtasal and put to sword along with the other Samma soldiers. Jam Feroz took to flight.
}}
Beglar Namat:{{cquote|he was captured and killed.
}}

Zafar-ul-Walih:
 {{cquote| he was called by the Arghoons to discuss peace terms and treacherously murdered.}}

==Shrine ==
The shrine of Dollah Darya Khan Sammo is in [[Makli Necropolis|Makli graveyard]] in [[Thatta]], near the grave of Jam Nizamuddin Samma. An inscription at the north of Mubarak Khan's grave calls him Al Khanul Azam Wa Shahid Mubarak Khan Ibn Sultan Nizamuddin.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

== See also ==

* [[Jam Mubarak Khan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{History of Sindh}}

[[Category:15th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1521 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Sindhi warriors]]

Students' Federation of India

2026-03-14T08:01:46Z

NicolasBull1:

{{short description|Leftist student organisation in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox political youth organization|name=Students' Federation of India|colorcode=#FF0E16|logo=SFI-flag.svg|president=Adarsh M Saji|secretary general=[[Srijan Bhattacharyya]]|founded={{Start date and age|df=y|1970|12|30}}|headquarters=[[New Delhi]], [[India]]|membership_year=2014-15|membership={{increase}} 4,300,405<ref>{{cite web |title=Membership |publisher=Students' Federation of India |url=http://sficec.in/about-sfi/membership}}</ref>|ideology=[[Scientific socialism]] [[Anti-imperialism]] [[Anti-colonialism]]|mother party=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martelli |first1=Jean-Thomas |title=The Spillovers of Competition: Value-based Activism and Political Cross-fertilization in an Indian Campus |journal=Student Politics in South Asia |date=2019 |volume=22 |doi=10.4000/samaj.6501}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Left-affiliated AISA, SFI to contest DUSU polls in alliance |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/left-affiliated-aisa-sfi-to-contest-dusu-polls-in-alliance-1503343852.html |website=The Statesman |access-date=18 November 2025 |date=16 September 2024}}</ref>|website=http://sficec.in/}}{{Communism in India}}
{{Socialism sidebar}}
The '''Students' Federation of India (SFI)''' is a [[socialist]] student organisation in India.

== History of the organisation ==
The origin of Indian students movement in its organised form can be traced to the formation of [[All India Students' Federation]] (AISF) on 12 August 1936 to further anti-imperialist politics.<ref name="peoplesdemocracy">{{Cite web|title=SFI: A Movement of Study, Struggle and Sacrifice For a Scientific, Secular Education |url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2015/0111_pd/sfi-movement-study-struggle-and-sacrifice-scientific-secular-education|access-date=16 August 2020|website=peoplesdemocracy.in|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019132620/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2015/0111_pd/sfi-movement-study-struggle-and-sacrifice-scientific-secular-education|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since the 1940s–1950s, several ideological debates fathomed within the AISF, regarding the analysis of the Indian society, the nature of the Indian state and its attitude towards students. A strong body of opinion emerged as to oppose the existing predominant view within the AISF, to cooperate and compromise with the nation's ruling classes towards a so-called progressive end. They called for militancy in student movements, aimed towards a progressive reorientation of the existing education system. As political differences between dissenting factions within the AISF developed, added with their negligence on student issues, it split into several local organizations which started working independently. In 1970, delegates from such organizations held a conference in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] to form a new national students' organisation. The All India Conference was held from 27 to 30 December, and resulted in formation of Students' Federation of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfiwb.org/pdf/History_of_SFI.pdf|title=History_of_SFI|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215075247/http://www.sfiwb.org/pdf/History_of_SFI.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sficec.org/organisation/programme|title=Programme of Students' Federation of India|date=11 January 2015|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505172456/http://www.sficec.org/organisation/programme|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Former national office bearers<ref>{{Cite news|first=Akshaya|last=Mukul|title=CPM witnesses 'generational change'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-witnesses-generational-change/articleshow/1474065.cms|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The Times of India|date=3 April 2006 |archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701124124/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/CPM-witnesses-generational-change/articleshow/1474065.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Romita Datta|date=November 1, 2019|title=Calling the Youth|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20191111-calling-the-youth-1614455-2019-11-01|access-date=10 May 2020|magazine=India Today|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630233021/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20191111-calling-the-youth-1614455-2019-11-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2017|title=Beyond campuses and old bastions, SFI looks to new frontiers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/beyond-campuses-and-old-bastions-sfi-looks-to-new-frontiers/story-yYWIJNx87ZJmtV4OmD7UWI.html|access-date=10 May 2020|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730120316/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/beyond-campuses-and-old-bastions-sfi-looks-to-new-frontiers/story-yYWIJNx87ZJmtV4OmD7UWI.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parent in pain, SFI 'strikes' - Kerala unit debates whether to shun campus shutdowns|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/parent-in-pain-sfi-strikes-kerala-unit-debates-whether-to-shun-campus-shutdowns/cid/163001|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The Telegraph|location=Kolkota|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630171438/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/parent-in-pain-sfi-strikes-kerala-unit-debates-whether-to-shun-campus-shutdowns/cid/163001|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=19 April 2015|title=From an activist to CPI-M general secretary: Sitaram Yechury's journey|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/from-an-activist-to-cpi-m-general-secretary-sitaram-yechury-s-journey/story-y60xscFcwfRO94oiQZlgCJ.html|access-date=10 May 2020|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630194843/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/from-an-activist-to-cpi-m-general-secretary-sitaram-yechury-s-journey/story-y60xscFcwfRO94oiQZlgCJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 January 2020|title=Campus agitations in Bengal a sign of rising movement, feel stakeholders|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/campus-agitations-in-bengal-a-sign-of-rising-movement-feel-stakeholders/story-6ep2Ocdq69WuqPYkpKcHbN.html|access-date=10 May 2020|website=Hindustan Times|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184635/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/campus-agitations-in-bengal-a-sign-of-rising-movement-feel-stakeholders/story-6ep2Ocdq69WuqPYkpKcHbN.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI Golden Jubilee Celebrations Begin |url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2019/0825_pd/sfi-golden-jubilee-celebrations-begin|access-date=10 May 2020|website=peoplesdemocracy.in|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630171116/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2019/0825_pd/sfi-golden-jubilee-celebrations-begin|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! No. !! Year !! Place of conference !! President !! General secretary
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 1 || 1970 || [[Thiruvananthapuram]]||C. Bhaskaran|| rowspan="3" |[[Biman Bose]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2 || 1973<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prakash Karat: A leader from his student days - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/prakash-karat-a-leader-from-his-student-days/934517/|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703174550/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/prakash-karat-a-leader-from-his-student-days/934517/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Delhi]] (CEC Meeting)|| rowspan="3" |[[Prakash Karat]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 3 || 1974|| [[Kolkata]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 4 || 1976 || [[Kolkata]] (CEC Meeting) ||[[Subhas Chakraborty]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 5 || 1978 || [[Patna]] || rowspan="2" |[[M. A. Baby]]|| rowspan="3" |[[Nepaldev Bhattacharjee]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 6 || 1981 || [[Mumbai]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 7 || 1984<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 April 2015|title=Know Sitaram Yechury, the Man who Heads Indian Communism|url=https://www.thequint.com/politics/2015/04/19/who-is-sitaram-yechury-2015-apr-19|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The Quint|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703174550/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/who-is-sitaram-yechury-2015-apr-19|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Dum Dum]] ||[[Sitaram Yechury]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 8 || 1986 || [[Vijayawada]] || rowspan="2" |[[A. Vijayaraghavan]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Nilotpal Basu]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 9 || 1989 || [[Kolkata]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 10 || 1993 || [[Thiruvananthapuram]]||Y. B. Rao||[[Sujan Chakraborty]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 11 || 1997 || [[Midnapore]] ||[[K. N. Balagopal]]||[[Bratin Sengupta]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 12 || 2000 || [[Chennai]] ||[[P. Krishna Prasad]]||[[Samik Lahiri]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 13 || 2003<ref>{{Cite news|title=SFI protests against govt's education policy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/SFI-protests-against-govts-education-policy/articleshow/69798.cms|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The Times of India|date=11 July 2003 |archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811133940/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/SFI-protests-against-govts-education-policy/articleshow/69798.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Kozhikode]] ||[[K. K. Ragesh]]||Kallol Roy
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 14 || 2005<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIT to interrogate former SFI President K K Ragesh|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/jun/28/sit-to-interrogate-former-sfi-president-k-k-ragesh-381580.html|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702033137/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2012/jun/28/sit-to-interrogate-former-sfi-president-k-k-ragesh-381580.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Hyderabad]] ||R. Arun Kumar||[[K. K. Ragesh]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 15 || 2008 || [[Bidhannagar]]||[[P. K. Biju]]|| rowspan="2" |[[Ritabrata Banerjee]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 16 || 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI National President V Sivadasan: Latest News & Videos, Photos about SFI National President V Sivadasan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/SFI-National-President-V-Sivadasan|access-date=10 May 2020|website=The Economic Times|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703112108/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/SFI-National-President-V-Sivadasan|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Madurai]] ||[[V. Sivadasan]]
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 17 || 2016 || [[Sikar]] || rowspan="3" |[[V. P. Sanu]]||Vikram Singh
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 18 || 2018<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Narayanan|first1=Nitheesh|date=10 December 2018|title=16th All India Conference of Students Federation of India Concludes|url=https://studentstruggle.in/16th-all-india-conference-students-federation-india-shimla/|access-date=10 May 2020|website=Student Struggle|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630171106/https://studentstruggle.in/16th-all-india-conference-students-federation-india-shimla/|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[Shimla]] || rowspan="2" |Mayukh Biswas
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 19 || 2022 || [[Hyderabad]]
|- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"
|20
|2025<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-06-30 |title=Adarsh M Saji elected SFI All India president, Srijan Bhattacharya general secretary |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Jun/30/adarsh-m-saji-elected-sfi-all-india-president-srijan-bhattacharya-general-secretary |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Kozhikode]]
|Adarsh M Saji
|[[Srijan Bhattacharya]]
|}

==Presence and structure ==
The Students' Federation of India in 2024{{endash}}25 has 24 functioning state committees. It started its first international unit in the United Kingdom in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathew, Nikhil | date=2022-11-19 |title=On SFI’s First International Unit |url=https://studentstruggle.in/on-sfis-first-international-unit/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Student Struggle |language=en}}</ref> They are a major student force in Kerala and West Bengal. Currently, they also hold student unions in various universities across India, including Hyderabad Central University<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthikeya |date=2024-10-28 |title=HCU Student Union elections 2024: "Left panel represents all students," says President-elect Umesh Ambedkar |url=https://www.edexlive.com/breaking/2024/Oct/28/hcu-student-union-elections-2024-left-panel-represents-all-students-says-president-elect-umesh-ambedkar-2 |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=EdexLive |language=en}}</ref> and <bdi>Pondicherry University</bdi><bdi>.</bdi><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=EdexLive |date=2024-12-03 |title=Pondicherry University announces student council elections after 5-year hiatus |url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2024/Dec/03/pondicherry-university-announces-student-council-elections-after-5-year-hiatus |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=EdexLive |language=en}}</ref>

== SFI Central Executive Committee ==
SFI's 18th All India Conference was held from 27 June to 30 June 2025 at Kozhikode, Kerala. The Conference was Organized at Palestine Solidarity Nagar and Sitaram Yechury - Nepaldeb Bhattacharya Manch.<ref name=":0" />

==Activities==
===Protest and demands===
SFI has protested against the [[National Education Policy 2020|National Education Policy]], 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Six reasons why SFI thinks the New Education Policy will destroy Indian Education as we know it|url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2019/jul/29/six-reasons-why-sfi-thinks-the-new-education-policy-will-destroy-indian-education-as-we-know-it-7283.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702102732/https://www.edexlive.com/news/2019/jul/29/six-reasons-why-sfi-thinks-the-new-education-policy-will-destroy-indian-education-as-we-know-it-7283.html|url-status=live}}</ref> hike in fees,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pondicherry University students go on indefinite hunger strike demanding rollback of fee hike|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/2019/jul/26/pondicherry-university-students-go-on-indefinite-hunger-strike-demanding-rollback-of-fee-hike-2009749.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703071034/https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/2019/jul/26/pondicherry-university-students-go-on-indefinite-hunger-strike-demanding-rollback-of-fee-hike-2009749.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=20 November 2019|title=SFI activists protest in support of JNU students|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/sfi-activists-protest-in-support-of-jnu-students/article30029421.ece|access-date=7 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701153056/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/sfi-activists-protest-in-support-of-jnu-students/article30029421.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Attack on education': Now, AIIMS, IIT students join JNU fee hike protest|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2019/nov/28/aiims--iit-students-join-jnu-fee-hike-protest-at-cp-2068343.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703093454/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2019/nov/28/aiims--iit-students-join-jnu-fee-hike-protest-at-cp-2068343.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and under-representation of reserved students in [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IITs]].<ref name="indiatimes">{{Cite web|title=Fewer number of SC/ST scholars in IITs: SFI calls for study|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/fewer-no-of-sc/st-scholars-in-iits-sfi-calls-for-study/articleshow/72629760.cms|date=15 December 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=22 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222145958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/fewer-no-of-sc/st-scholars-in-iits-sfi-calls-for-study/articleshow/72629760.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

SFI members took part and organised multiple [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Youth bodies, student unions join forces to oppose CAA in Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/youth-bodies-student-unions-join-forces-to-oppose-caa-in-delhi-6183424/|date=25 December 2019|website=The Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213035321/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/youth-bodies-student-unions-join-forces-to-oppose-caa-in-delhi-6183424/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anti-CAA posters in colleges land SFI in soup|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/anti-caa-posters-in-colleges-land-sfi-in-soup/articleshow/74447657.cms|date=3 March 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303132858/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/anti-caa-posters-in-colleges-land-sfi-in-soup/articleshow/74447657.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anti-CAA protests gather steam|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/anti-caa-protests-gather-steam/articleshow/72892813.cms|date=20 December 2019|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=25 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825005312/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/anti-caa-protests-gather-steam/articleshow/72892813.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The SFI marched to the Parliament in one such protest.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 December 2019|title=SFI march against CAA tomorrow|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/sfi-march-against-caa-tomorrow/article30306844.ece|access-date=7 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=24 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824183538/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/sfi-march-against-caa-tomorrow/article30306844.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Further, the SFI even approached the Supreme Court against the act.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Students Federation of India moves SC over Citizenship Act|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/students-federation-of-india-moves-sc-over-citizenship-act-795920.html|date=18 January 2020|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726162352/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/students-federation-of-india-moves-sc-over-citizenship-act-795920.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Students federation moves SC challenging Citizenship (Amendment) Act|url=https://asianews.network/2020/01/20/students-federation-moves-sc-challenging-citizenship-amendment-act/|website=ANN|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726214024/https://asianews.network/2020/01/20/students-federation-moves-sc-challenging-citizenship-amendment-act/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=19 January 2020|title=SFI moves Supreme Court challenging Citizenship Amendment Act|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sfi-moves-sc-challenging-citizenship-amendment-act/article30600391.ece|access-date=7 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303023936/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sfi-moves-sc-challenging-citizenship-amendment-act/article30600391.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Student Body Demands Suspension Of Room Rents During Lockdown|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/covid-19-lockdown-student-body-demands-suspension-of-room-rents-during-lockdown-2218632|website=NDTV.com|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505040645/https://www.ndtv.com/education/covid-19-lockdown-student-body-demands-suspension-of-room-rents-during-lockdown-2218632|url-status=live}}</ref> SFI distributed sanitary napkins to female students in West Bengal<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bengal: Stores running out of stock, online services hit, SFI cushions sanitary pad scarcity|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-stores-running-out-of-stock-online-services-hit-sfi-cushions-sanitary-pad-scarcity-6349169/|date=6 April 2020|website=The Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410152553/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-stores-running-out-of-stock-online-services-hit-sfi-cushions-sanitary-pad-scarcity-6349169/|url-status=live}}</ref> and demanded their inclusion in essential commodities in Himachal Pradesh. SFI set up COVID-19 helpline numbers in various states to help stranded students.<ref name="edexlive">{{Cite web|title=SFI activists sent vital COVID-19 alerts to migrant labourers as WhatsApp messages in their native tongues|url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2020/mar/31/sfi-activists-sent-vital-covid-19-alerts-to-migrant-labourers-as-whatsapp-messages-in-their-native-t-10994.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630203421/https://www.edexlive.com/news/2020/mar/31/sfi-activists-sent-vital-covid-19-alerts-to-migrant-labourers-as-whatsapp-messages-in-their-native-t-10994.html|url-status=live}}</ref> To combat misinformation and reach out to the migrant labourers in various places, SFI launched a campaign named "My dear friend" where verified information from government sources are translated into various Indian languages and circulated through social media.<ref name="edexlive" /> Online art festivals, lecture series and online classes were also organised by various SFI committee's.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Online art festival, another lockdown innovation in Kerala|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/coronavirus-online-art-festival-another-lockdown-innovation-in-kerala-823835.html|date=10 April 2020|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410163819/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/coronavirus-online-art-festival-another-lockdown-innovation-in-kerala-823835.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Games, contests galore in Kerala to cheer people up during COVID-19 lockdown|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2020/apr/13/games-contests-galore-in-kerala-to-cheer-people-up-during-covid-19-lockdown-2129270.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=17 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517074844/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2020/apr/13/games-contests-galore-in-kerala-to-cheer-people-up-during-covid-19-lockdown-2129270.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newsclick.in">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: How Students and Youths in Kerala Are Doing Their Share|url=https://www.newsclick.in/COVID-19-how-students-youths-kerala-doing-their-share|date=21 March 2020|website=NewsClick|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322131043/https://www.newsclick.in/COVID-19-how-students-youths-kerala-doing-their-share|url-status=live}}</ref> SFI also produced face masks and hand sanitisers.<ref name="newsclick.in" />

SFI had won court cases for regulating private coaching centres in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regulation Of Private Coaching Centres: SC Asks Petitioner To Approach Authorities [Read Order]|url=https://www.livelaw.in/regulation-private-coaching-centres-sc-asks-petitioner-approach-authorities-read-order/|date=4 February 2017|website=livelaw.in|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184601/https://www.livelaw.in/regulation-private-coaching-centres-sc-asks-petitioner-approach-authorities-read-order/|url-status=live}}</ref> They also had movements against the delay in fellowships and scholarships for university students.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-07 |title=SFI holds ‘Chalo assembly’ rally, picked by cops |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/sfi-holds-chalo-assembly-rally-picked-by-cops/articleshow/102484974.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

SFI and DYFI activists jointly posted 1.5 lakh (150,000) letters to the Prime Minister's office after a [[first information report]] (FIR) for [[sedition]] was lodged against 49 celebrities who condemned [[lynching]]s of [[Islam in India|Muslims]], [[Dalit]]s, and other minorities in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI, DYFI bombard PMO with 1.5 lakh posted letters protesting FIR against 49 'seditious' artists|url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2019/oct/08/sfi-dyfi-bombard-pmo-with-15-lakh-posted-letters-protesting-fir-against-49-seditious-artists-8592.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702140949/https://www.edexlive.com/news/2019/oct/08/sfi-dyfi-bombard-pmo-with-15-lakh-posted-letters-protesting-fir-against-49-seditious-artists-8592.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-10-05 |title=Row erupts over sedition FIR against 49 celebrities |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/row-erupts-over-sedition-fir-against-49-celebrities/articleshow/71449265.cms |access-date=2023-02-22 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-29 |title=After letter to PM Modi on lynchings, Anurag Kashyap takes on trolls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/after-letter-to-pm-modi-on-lynchings-anurag-kashyap-takes-on-trolls/story-PS6X9cCcpjebxagdeDoiEJ.html |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

SFI approached Supreme Court seeking directions to provide universal free vaccination to all citizens of India and to waive off the goods and service tax levied on the import of the oxygen concentrators used for personal use during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ojha|first=Srishti|date=2021-05-08|title=Students Federation Of India(SFI) Moves Supreme Court Seeking Free COVID Vaccination, GST Waiver On Oxygen Concentrators|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/students-federation-of-india-sfi-moves-supreme-court-seeking-free-covid-vaccination-gst-waiver-on-oxygen-concentrators-173859|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.livelaw.in|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511220230/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/students-federation-of-india-sfi-moves-supreme-court-seeking-free-covid-vaccination-gst-waiver-on-oxygen-concentrators-173859|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=കൊവിഡ് പ്രതിരോധ വാക്‌സിന്‍ എല്ലാ പൗരന്മാര്‍ക്കും സൗജന്യമായി നല്‍കണം; സുപ്രീം കോടതിയെ സമീപിച്ച് എസ്.എഫ്.ഐ|url=https://www.doolnews.com/sfi-seeks-supreme-court-s-intervention-in-covid-affaisrs-and-asks-universal-free-vaccination-programme-132.html|access-date=2021-05-11|website=DoolNews|language=ml|archive-date=11 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511214731/https://www.doolnews.com/sfi-seeks-supreme-court-s-intervention-in-covid-affaisrs-and-asks-universal-free-vaccination-programme-132.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Red Volunteers and other social works===
SFI along with DYFI, the youth wing of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], runs [[Red Volunteers]], [[Sramajibi Canteen]] and involves in various social works.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/youth-cpm-deploys-red-volunteers-to-help-out-in-covid-fight/cid/1277860|title=Youth CPM deploys Red Volunteers to help out in Covid fight|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711211959/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/youth-cpm-deploys-red-volunteers-to-help-out-in-covid-fight/cid/1277860|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/May/23/cpms-student-youth-wings-back-in-bengal-streets-to-run-community-kitchens-for-lockdown-hit-people-2306528.html|title=CPM's student, youth wings back in Bengal streets to run community kitchens for lockdown-hit people - The New Indian Express|website=www.newindianexpress.com|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727015110/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/23/cpms-student-youth-wings-back-in-bengal-streets-to-run-community-kitchens-for-lockdown-hit-people-2306528.amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Women in SFI===
From 27 to 29 January 2017, the 5th All India Girls Convention was held at Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh and it elected a 23-member team of girls’ sub-committee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All India Girls' Convention of SFI Held in Vijayawada|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2017/0212_pd/all-india-girls%E2%80%99-convention-sfi-held-vijayawada|website=peoplesdemocracy.in|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727041509/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2017/0212_pd/all-india-girls%E2%80%99-convention-sfi-held-vijayawada|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Bleed Without Fear, Bleed Without Tax====
Protesting against the imposition of 12% tax on sanitary napkins, the women sub-committee of SFI protested nationwide in July 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=14 July 2017|title=Protest against GST on sanitary napkins|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/protest-against-gst-on-sanitary-napkins/article19273621.ece|access-date=7 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701124043/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/protest-against-gst-on-sanitary-napkins/article19273621.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The campaign was named "Bleed Without Fear, Bleed Without Tax". Petitions were submitted to the Union Finance Minister [[Arun Jaitley]] for revoking the government decision.<ref name="thenewsminute">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bleed-without-tax-sfi-sends-sanitary-napkins-arun-jaitley-65086|title=Bleed without tax: SFI sends sanitary napkins to Arun Jaitley|date=12 July 2017|first1=Saritha S|last1=Balan|website=The News Minute|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630233646/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bleed-without-tax-sfi-sends-sanitary-napkins-arun-jaitley-65086|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI activists send sanitary napkins to Arun Jaitley in response to GST on pads|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/07/13/sfi-activists-send-sanitary-napkins-to-arun-jaitley-in-response-to-gst-on-pads|last1=Dhar|first1=Dipsita|website=Newslaundry|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630173637/https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/07/13/sfi-activists-send-sanitary-napkins-to-arun-jaitley-in-response-to-gst-on-pads|url-status=live}}</ref> Thousands of girl students mailed sanitary napkins with protest slogans to Arun Jaitley's office.<ref name="thenewsminute"/><ref name="edexlive2">{{Cite web|title=SFI has 'bloody' good idea: Asks students to send pads to Finance ministry to protest GST on sanitary napkins|url=https://www.edexlive.com/live-story/2017/jul/11/sfi-hatches-master-plan-to-send-sanitary-pads-to-arun-jaitley-to-protests-aginst-12-percent-gst-804.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703071802/https://www.edexlive.com/live-story/2017/jul/11/sfi-hatches-master-plan-to-send-sanitary-pads-to-arun-jaitley-to-protests-aginst-12-percent-gst-804.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 July 2017|title=GST: SFI activists post sanitary pads to Arun Jaitely|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gst-sfi-activists-post-sanitary-pads-to-arun-jaitely/articleshow/59561500.cms|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=30 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830071713/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gst-sfi-activists-post-sanitary-pads-to-arun-jaitely/articleshow/59561500.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> This campaign was similar to that of the [[Pink Chaddi Campaign]] in 2009.<ref name="edexlive2"/> The campaign also demanded the installation of adequate sanitary napkin vending machines in schools and colleges and providing six packets of sanitary napkins for one rupee to the women below poverty line.<ref name="edexlive2"/>

====All-women panels====
Female candidates of the SFI won all seats in a mixed college by fielding an all-women panel for students union elections<ref name="newindianexpress">{{Cite web|title=Women to lead at Sree Sankaracharya Sanskrit University|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/dec/24/women-to-lead-at-sree-sankaracharya-sanskrit-university-1736179.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727021006/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/dec/24/women-to-lead-at-sree-sankaracharya-sanskrit-university-1736179.html|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit]], Kalady in 2017.<ref name="newindianexpress"/><ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web|title=These Kerala colleges' all-woman unions strive to break gender stereotypes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/mar/08/these-kerala-colleges-all-woman-unions-strive-to-break-gender-stereotypes-1783984.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727013528/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/mar/08/these-kerala-colleges-all-woman-unions-strive-to-break-gender-stereotypes-1783984.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=വനിതാദിനത്തില്‍ വിപ്ലവം രചിച്ച് സംസ്കൃത സര്‍വകലാശാലയിലെ പെണ്‍കരുത്ത്; ഭാരവാഹികള്‍ ചുമതലയേറ്റു|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/local-news/union-bearers-of-kalady-sanskit-university-took-oath-in-women-s-day-po240g|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=ml|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727042709/https://www.asianetnews.com/local-news/union-bearers-of-kalady-sanskit-university-took-oath-in-women-s-day-po240g|url-status=live}}</ref> An SFI member became the first Dalit woman to be elected as the chairperson in [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]] in 2017.<ref name="indiatimes2">{{Cite web|title=First woman chairperson: Women's issues will be my priority: says Mridhula Gopi, the first girl to become chairperson of Maharaja's College in 70 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/womens-issues-will-be-my-priority/articleshow/60192020.cms|first1=Deepika|last1=Jayaram|date=24 August 2017|website=The Times of India|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703174552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/womens-issues-will-be-my-priority/articleshow/60192020.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women power boosts SFI win Students' Federation of India|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/230817/women-power-boosts-sfi-win-students-federation-of-india.html|date=23 August 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=16 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516180137/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/230817/women-power-boosts-sfi-win-students-federation-of-india.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, all-women SFI panels won in [[CMS College Kottayam]]<ref name="newindianexpress.com"/> and contested in [[Government Victoria College, Palakkad]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI makes history, contests women in full panel for union elections at Victoria college|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/good-news/sfi-makes-history-contests-women-in-full-panel-for-union-elections-at-victoria-college-youth-1.3049506|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727044527/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/good-news/sfi-makes-history-contests-women-in-full-panel-for-union-elections-at-victoria-college-youth-1.3049506|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, SFI members were elected as the first female chairpersons in [[Sacred Heart College, Thevara]], Kochi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=SFI recaptures Sacred Heart College union|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/jun/29/sfi-recaptures-sacred-heart-college-union-1996877.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727013531/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/jun/29/sfi-recaptures-sacred-heart-college-union-1996877.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[College of Engineering, Trivandrum]] (CET).<ref name="edexlive3">{{Cite web|title=Student votes will not go in vain: CET's first woman chairperson Anjuradh TR|url=https://www.edexlive.com/people/2019/sep/05/student-votes-will-not-go-in-vain-cets-first-woman-chairperson-anjuradh-tr-7872.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727013527/https://www.edexlive.com/people/2019/sep/05/student-votes-will-not-go-in-vain-cets-first-woman-chairperson-anjuradh-tr-7872.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="edexlive4">{{Cite web|title=How curfew-killer Anjuradh TR became the first woman to lead the Union at College of Engineering, Trivandrum|url=https://www.edexlive.com/campus/2019/sep/05/how-curfew-killer-anjuradh-tr-became-the-first-woman-to-lead-the-union-at-college-of-engineering-tr-7852.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=7 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727041509/https://www.edexlive.com/campus/2019/sep/05/how-curfew-killer-anjuradh-tr-became-the-first-woman-to-lead-the-union-at-college-of-engineering-tr-7852.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Earlier, the SFI had organised protests of the female hostelites of CET in February 2019 for extending the curfew timings for girls' hostels. This movement forced the government to accept the demands and Dr Usha Titus, the Higher Education Secretary of the Kerala Government issued orders to enforce them.<ref name="edexlive4"/>

====GSCASH====
The idea of GSCASH (Gender Sensitisation Committee Against Sexual Harassment) was first experimented in Jawaharlal Nehru University by SFI's students union headed by [[Vijoo Krishnan]] in 1998–99.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kanhaiya's predecessors: Where they are, what they do|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kanhaiyas-predecessors-where-they-are-what-they-do/|date=22 February 2016|website=The Indian Express|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610105313/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kanhaiyas-predecessors-where-they-are-what-they-do/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet JNU Alumnus Vijoo Krishnan, Man Who Inspired 50,000 Farmers to March 180-km|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/meet-jnu-alumnus-vijoo-krishnan-man-who-inspired-50000-farmers-to-march-180-km-1687019.html|date=13 March 2018|website=News18|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727013528/https://www.news18.com/news/india/meet-jnu-alumnus-vijoo-krishnan-man-who-inspired-50000-farmers-to-march-180-km-1687019.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2013, after the harassment of two women students of Pondicherry University, the SFI initiated a movement for GSCASH in the university and the activists approached [[Madras High Court]] for redressal.<ref name="indiankanoon">{{Cite web|title=M.Kavya vs The Chairman|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/143339158/|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727041208/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/143339158/|url-status=live}}</ref> The movement later ended successfully with the High Court ordering university to constitute institutional mechanisms for grievances.<ref name="indiankanoon"/> In Assam, the Directorate of Higher Education (DHE) in 2018 ordered all colleges to set up GSCASH after the SFI's intervention.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Colleges told to form committee against sexual harassment|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct1018/city051|website=The Assam Tribune Online|access-date=8 May 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727041556/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct1018%2Fcity051|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== LGBTQIA+ issues ===
SFI has actively supported LGBTQIA+ rights. SFI was the first student organization in India to nominate an openly gay person for a Student Union election as they nominated Gourab Ghosh for [[Jawaharlal Nehru University Students' Union|Jawaharlal Nehru University Student Union]] elections held in 2013 as its candidate for the General Secretary position.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Shreya Roy Chowdhury|date=Sep 11, 2013|title=Gay scholar debuts in JNUSU polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Gay-scholar-debuts-in-JNUSU-polls/articleshow/22473301.cms|access-date=2021-06-01|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603012737/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Gay-scholar-debuts-in-JNUSU-polls/articleshow/22473301.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Gourab Ghosh, the first-ever homosexual candidate to contest JNU elections, made the varsity more inclusive|url=https://www.edexlive.com/people/2020/jun/25/how-gourab-ghosh-the-first-ever-homosexual-candidate-to-contest-jnu-elections-made-the-varsity-more--12879.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=The New Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215742/https://www.edexlive.com/people/2020/jun/25/how-gourab-ghosh-the-first-ever-homosexual-candidate-to-contest-jnu-elections-made-the-varsity-more--12879.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-09-11|title=JNU student election fray sees first ever gay candidate |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/jnu-student-election-fray-sees-first-ever-gay-candidate-1100855.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Firstpost|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215743/https://www.firstpost.com/india/jnu-student-election-fray-sees-first-ever-gay-candidate-1100855.html|url-status=live}}</ref> SFI has campaigned for LGBTQIA+ rights in college campuses, and has held conventions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=লিঙ্গবৈষম্যের বিরুদ্ধে এসএফআই|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/sfi-convention-on-lgbt-rights-1.876638|access-date=2021-06-01|website=www.anandabazar.com|language=bn|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215642/https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/sfi-convention-on-lgbt-rights-1.876638|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-16|title=SFI plans push for LGBTQIA+ rights across campuses|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/sfi-plans-push-for-lgbtq-rights-across-college-campuses-5403666/|access-date=2021-06-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215323/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/sfi-plans-push-for-lgbtq-rights-across-college-campuses-5403666/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, SFI decided to include the ‘others’ gender option in its membership forms.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-12|title=In solidarity with LGBT community, CPI-M's youth arm demands education, job reservation for transgenders across India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/in-solidarity-with-lgbt-community-cpi-m-s-youth-arm-demands-education-job-reservation-for-transgenders-across-india/story-oQsa0bpVdKNaLGHtzU9caI.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215452/https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/in-solidarity-with-lgbt-community-cpi-m-s-youth-arm-demands-education-job-reservation-for-transgenders-across-india/story-oQsa0bpVdKNaLGHtzU9caI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> SFI has supported the scrapping of [[section 377]] and opposes the [[Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019|Transgender Persons Act, 2019]] commenting that the Act "infringes on the rights and dignity of transpersons". Prominent LGBTQIA+ persons in SFI include Apratim Roy (first trans SFI West Bengal State committee member),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-22|title=পঞ্চাশের লক্ষ্য, রূপান্তরকামী নেতার নেতৃত্বে এলজিবিটি অধিকাররক্ষায় নামছে SFI|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/sfi-to-start-campaign-for-lgbt-right_287814.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Zee24Ghanta.com|language=bn|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215642/https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/kolkata/sfi-to-start-campaign-for-lgbt-right_287814.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Nandhana (first Transgender member of Thrissur District committee, Kerala), Adam Harry (first trans man to become a pilot in India), Muhammed Zuhrabi (queer activist, ex-General Secretary, [[Pondicherry University]] Students' Council).

=== Violence ===
There have been cases of SFI cadres booked for anti-social activities in Thiruvananthapuram city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rape threat, casteist attack: 10 SFI members booked on complaint of AISF woman leader |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2021/10/22/sfi-aisf-clash-mg-university-senate-election-police-complaint.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Three ABVP students drown as SFI supporters forces them to jump into river |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19961015-three-abvp-students-drown-as-sfi-supporters-forces-them-to-jump-into-river-833946-1996-10-14 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SFI vs SFI: Criminal clique finds political patronage for a reason |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/straight-talk/2019/07/19/sfi-campus-violence-political-patronage.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2021-10-22 |title=Non-bailable charges against SFI leaders |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/non-bailable-charges-against-sfi-leaders/article37128290.ece |access-date=2023-03-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2017, T Vijayalakshmi, the Director-in-Charge of Students Services of Kerala University, went on indefinite leave, citing death threats received from SFI affiliated students.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nechiyil |first=Sahla |title=Kerala University faculty alleges torture and death threats at the hands of SFI |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/04/05/kerala-university-faculty-alleges-torture-and-death-threats-at-the-hands-of-sfi |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Newslaundry}}</ref> In 2019, retired judge PK Shamsudin conducted an informal personal probe in college campus politics; Shamsudin claimed anti-democratic activities of SFI in University College, Thiruvananthapuram and claimed presence of "torture rooms" run by SFI.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-04 |title=Kerala: A campus with a 'torture room' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-a-campus-with-a-torture-room-thiruvananthapurams-university-college-5876072/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Swamy |first=Rohini |date=2019-09-05 |title=Kerala colleges have 'torture rooms' for students who don't fall in line with unions |url=https://theprint.in/india/kerala-colleges-have-torture-rooms-for-students-who-dont-fall-in-line-with-unions/286641/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> That same year, SFI College Unit members were arrested for stabbing a student at University College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SFI activists paraded Akhil on campus soon after stabbing him {{!}} Video |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/07/28/sfi-activists-paraded-akhil-on-campus-soon-after-stabbing-him-video.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SFI leader Nasim grabbed me, Shivaranjith stabbed: University College student Akhil |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/07/13/university-college-student-akhil-stabbed-nasim-shivaranjith.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-17 |title=SFI leaders wanted to make an example of me: Akhil |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/sfi-leaders-wanted-to-make-an-example-of-me-akhil/article28520067.ece |access-date=2022-10-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2022, videos of the office of an MP from Wayanad Rahul Gandhi being vandalised by SFI members were circulated on social media. The incident was condemned by Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-24 |title=Kerala: Rahul Gandhi's office vandalised by SFI activists, CM condemns violence |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/kerala-rahul-gandhi-s-office-vandalised-by-sfi-activists-in-wayanad-watch-here-11656073523192.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Wayanad|first1=Shibimol KG |date=June 24, 2022 |title=Rahul Gandhi's Wayanad office vandalised, 8 SFI workers detained |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rahul-gandhi-wayanad-office-vandalised-sfi-activists-protests-sc-verdict-esz-1966411-2022-06-24 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, SFI activists were booked for assault on woman at Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Attack on KSU woman leader: Lenient criminal charges against SFI activists |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2022/03/19/ksu-woman-attack-police-slap-mild-charges-sfi-activists.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KSU woman leader among 4 injured in clash with SFI at Kerala college |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/thiruvananthapuram/story/thiruvananthapuram-ksu-woman-leader-among-4-injured-clash-sfi-law-college-1926076-2022-03-16 |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, SFI activists barged into the [[Asianet News]] media office in Ernakulam. The activists pushed aside the security guard and displayed banners against the news outlet.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-04 |title=Protests gain momentum against SFI activists barging into Asianet News channel office in Kochi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/protests-gain-momentum-against-sfi-activists-barging-into-asianet-news-channel-office-kochi/article66579426.ece |access-date=2023-03-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-07 |title=8 SFI workers surrender after barging into Asianet News office in Kochi: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/8-sfi-workers-surrender-after-barging-into-asianet-news-office-in-kochi-report-101678143240258.html |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-06 |title=Asianet News office incident: 8 SFI workers surrender |url=https://theprint.in/india/asianet-news-office-incident-8-sfi-workers-surrender/1423700/ |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Tribal Students Union]]
*[[Democratic Youth Federation of India]]
*[[Tribal Youth Federation]]
*[[All India Democratic Women's Association]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
*[[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)]]
*[[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Students' Federation of India}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Student organisations in India]]
[[Category:1970 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1970]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]
[[Category:Student wings of communist parties of India]]

Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye

2026-03-04T04:48:11Z

NicolasBull1: adjust content per standard format and updated info for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Vanakathukuriye Kadhaliye.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]]
| writer = [[Aaroor Dass]] (dialogues)
| based_on = {{based on|''Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye''|Rajendrakumar}}
| producer = A. C. Tirulokchandar
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Rajinikanth]]
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]
*[[Jai Ganesh]]
*[[Sridevi]]
*[[Jayachitra]]
}}
| cinematography = T. S. Vinayagam
| editing = B. Kanthasamy
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Cine Bharath
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1978|07|14}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye''''' ({{translation|Oh Lover Who is Deserving of Greetings}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[A. C. Tirulokchandar]]. The film stars [[Rajinikanth]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Jai Ganesh]], [[Sridevi]] and [[Jayachitra]]. Based on the novel of the same name by Rajendrakumar,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Manian |first=Aranthai |title=திரைப்படங்களான இலக்கியங்களும் நாடகங்களும் |publisher=Pustaka Digital Media |year=2020 |pages=1924 |language=ta}}</ref> it revolves around a woman who has the [[Extrasensory perception|ability to predict the future events]]. The film was released on 14 July 1978.

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=June 2021}}

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Rajinikanth]] as Joe
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Umashankar
*[[Jai Ganesh]] as Senthil
*[[Sridevi]] as Shanti and Jenny
*[[Jayachitra]] as Deepa
*[[S. V. Subbaiah]] as Sangaralingam
*[[S. A. Ashokan]] as Thomas Alva
*[[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Sevanthi's husband
*[[A. R. Srinivasan|A. R. S]] as Doctor
*[[M. R. R. Vasu]]
*[[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]]
*Veeraraghavan as Doctor
*[[K. Natraj]] as Doctor
*[[K. K. Soundar]] as Ramu
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Sevanthi
*[[S. N. Parvathy]] as Umashankar's mother
}}

== Soundtrack ==
All songs were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] and composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanakkathukuriya Kaadhaliye (EMI) [1978-EPRip-WAV] |url=https://www.tamilflac.com/product/vanakkathukuriya-kaadhaliye-emi-1978-eprip-wav/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516141752/https://www.tamilflac.com/product/vanakkathukuriya-kaadhaliye-emi-1978-eprip-wav/ |archive-date=16 May 2025 |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=TamilFLAC.Com}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Title!! Singer(s)
!Length
|-
| "Swing Swing Unadhu"||[[P. Jayachandran]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|4:34
|-
| "Adiyenai Paramma" ||[[Jolly Abraham]], B. S. Sasirekha
|4:04
|-
|"Kottu Kottu"
|[[L. R. Eswari]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|3:48
|-
|"Vinnagi Mannagi"
|[[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]]
|4:40
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye'' was released on 14 July 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |title=சூப்பர் ஸ்டார் ரஜினிகாந்த் - ஒரு சரித்திரம் {{!}} சூப்பர் ஸ்டாரின் திரைக்காவியங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/globalmusic/rajini02.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015050133/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/globalmusic/rajini02.asp |archive-date=15 October 2009 |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> P. S. M. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' felt writer Rajendra Kumar in the name of knitting suspenseful twists has totally confused it but praised the music and cinematography.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=பி. எஸ். எம். |date=30 July 1978 |title=வணக்கத்துக்குரிய காதலியே |url=https://ibb.co/bvd6rG3 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701114334/https://ibb.co/bvd6rG3 |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta}}</ref> Naagai Dharuman of ''Anna'' praised the acting of the cast, and noted the film was satisfying in first half but then ? and cited Tirulokchander's direction and Aarur Das's dialogues makes it watchable.<ref>{{Cite news |last=தருமன் |first=நாகை |date=27 July 1978 |title=வணக்கத்துக்குரிய காதலியே |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_2_27/3.jp2/full/1000,1384/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512010230/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_2_27/3.jp2/full/1000,1384/0/default.jpg |archive-date=12 May 2025 |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=Anna |pages=3 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The film had an introductory song to mark Rajinikanth's entry, a trend that would soon catch on in with his later films.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=New Delhi |pages=79–80 |orig-date=2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kosalairaman |first=Muthu Vinayagam |date=14 July 2024 |title=Vanakkatukuriya Kathaliye: இண்ட்ரோ பாடலுடன் அறிமுக காட்சி..! ரஜினிகாந்த் - ஸ்ரீதேவி காம்போவில் சிறந்த காதல் காவியம் |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rajinikanth-and-sridevi-starrer-vanakkatukuriya-kathaliye-movie-completed-46-years-of-its-release-131720895981329.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320103143/https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/rajinikanth-and-sridevi-starrer-vanakkatukuriya-kathaliye-movie-completed-46-years-of-its-release-131720895981329.html |archive-date=20 March 2025 |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{A. C. Tirulokchandar}}

[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:Films about twin sisters]]
[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. C. Thirulokachandar]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

Aliya Alla Magala Ganda

2026-03-03T22:00:43Z

NicolasBull1: refined intro based on references and added references to improve readability

{{short description|1997 film directed by Y. Yesudas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date= August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aliya Alla Magala Ganda
| director = Y. Yesudas
| producer = Myna Jayaraj
| story = [[K. Bhagyaraj]]
| based_on = ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (1988 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]''
| starring = [[Jaggesh]] [[Udaya Bhanu (actress)|Udaya Bhanu]]
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| studio = Vijaya Vinayaka Productions
| released = {{Film date|1997|09|18|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Aliya Alla Magala Ganda''''' ({{translation|Not a son-in-law, but daughter's husband}}) is a 1997 Indian [[Kannada film]] adapted from the 1988 Tamil film ''[[Idhu Namma Aalu (1988 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]'' and directed by Y. Yesudas. The film stars [[Jaggesh]] and [[Udaya Bhanu (actress)|Udaya Bhanu]].<ref>{{Cite Instagram |postid=C2JbGX6vVzr|user=udayamovies |title=Aliya Alla Magala Ganda # ಜಗ್ಗೇಶ್, ಉದಯಬಾನು,ಅಭಿನಯದ ಸೂಪರ್ ಹಿಟ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ "ಅಳಿಯ ಅಲ್ಲ ಮಗಳ ಗಂಡ" ಇಂದು ಬೆಳಗ್ಗೆ 10 ಗಂಟೆಗೆ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಉದಯ ಮೂವೀಸ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ |language=kn| author=Udaya Movies |author-link=Udaya TV |date=15 January 2024 |access-date=2025-09-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Idhu Namma Aalu'' had another more similar remake in 2006 titled ''[[Ravi Shastri (film)|Ravi Shastri]]'' which had [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]] in the lead role.

== Plot ==
Raja is an orphan who relocates to his maternal village. He falls in love with the daughter of a henchman there with whose help he got a job.

== Cast ==
*[[Jaggesh]]
*[[Udaya Bhanu (actress)|Udaya Bhanu]]
*[[Kalyan Kumar]]
*[[Pramila Joshai]]
*[[Sundar Raj]]
*[[Bank Janardhan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.timesnownews.com/entertainment/veteran-sandalwood-actor-bank-janardhan-passes-away-article-151412243|title=Bank Janardhan Passes Away: ಹಿರಿಯ ಹಾಸ್ಯ ನಟ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಜನಾರ್ಧನ್ ನಿಧನ, ಕಂಬನಿ ಮಿಡಿದ ಸ್ಯಾಂಡಲ್‌ವುಡ್|date=14 April 2025|website=Times Now Kannada}}</ref>
*Rajaram
*M. S. Karnath
* [[Kunigal Nagabhushan]]
* [[Pramila Joshai]]

== Soundtrack ==
*Music: Rajesh Ramanath
*Record Label: Manoranjan Audio

# Saniha Saniha –
# Thaila Thaila –
# Karanji Karanji –

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:1997 comedy films]]
[[Category:1997 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Ramanath]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Guru (1980 film)

2026-03-03T19:06:45Z

NicolasBull1: enhanced page for accuracy and corrected details per standard format

{{short description|1980 film by I. V. Sasi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Guru 1980 poster.jpg
| caption = Poster of Tamil version
| director = [[I. V. Sasi]]
| writer = Haasan Brothers (dialogues)
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]''}}
| producer = Prakash R. C.
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Kamal Haasan]]
* [[Sridevi]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Shiv Sakthi Films
| released = {{Film date|1980|07|18|Tamil|1980|07|19|Telugu|df=y}}
| runtime = 159 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil Telugu
}}

'''''Guru''''' ({{translation|Teacher}}) is a 1980 Indian [[action adventure film]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Rachit |date=7 July 2016 |title=5 masked superheroes from films |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/5-masked-superheroes-from-films-14378-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919123436/http://www.filmfare.com/features/5-masked-superheroes-from-films-14378-2.html |archive-date=19 September 2016 |access-date=17 March 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]] |quote=This star studded action adventure wasn’t exactly a superhero movie, but it did feature Kamal Haasan in an outlandish costume playing justice seeker and do-gooder.}}</ref> directed by [[I. V. Sasi]]. The film stars [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[Sridevi]], while [[M. N. Nambiar]], [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]], and [[Mohan Babu]] play supporting roles. The story revolves around a philanthropist who masquerades as a vigilante.

''Guru'', a remake of the 1973 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]'', was [[Multiple-language version|simultaneously made]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu-languages]]. The Tamil version was released on 18 July 1980, and the Telugu version the day after. It was a blockbuster and completed a 365-day run at the box office.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=October 2021}}
In [[British Raj|pre-independent India]], Raghu is a revolutionary who is disowned by his aristocratic father and is presumed dead while fleeing from the police. Ten years later, Raghu's wife is shot dead by a landlord attempting to rape her, and her young boy shoots the landlord in retaliation and absconds.

Several years later, the boy has grown up to be Ashok, a rich, reputed philanthropist who runs "Parvathi Nilayam," a shelter and institute for orphaned destitute children, named after his mother. Unknown to all except his close friend and associate Mahesh is the fact that to support "Parvathi Nilayam", Ashok also masquerades as "Guru", an elusive vigilante who performs several heists and is being hunted by the police. Meanwhile, Ashok's grandfather has been raising an impostor, Ramesh as his grandson, who has turned out to be felonious.

Ashok meets and falls in love with Sujatha, the niece of a top police official. Ashok strives to win her affection and succeeds. Ashok, in the guise of Guru, also tangles with a notorious mob headed by a one-armed man, one of whose associates is Ramesh. Ashok also has a chance encounter with his lost father, Raghu, who is now working as a professor, but Raghu conceals his identity to keep Ashok safe.

In a shocking twist, Ashok finds out that the landlord whom he had murdered as a boy was none other than Sujatha's father, and he starts rebuking Sujatha without revealing the truth to her, leaving her heart-broken. Distraught and despondent, Ashok plans one last big heist to support "Parvathi Nilayam" permanently, hand it over to his friend Mahesh, and seclude himself forever. Whether his plans succeed forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Cast (Tamil)
!Cast (Telugu)
!Role
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Kamal Haasan]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Guru / Ashok
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Sridevi]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Sujatha
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[R. Muthuraman]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]]
| style="text-align:center;"| Raghu
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[M. N. Nambiar]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[M. Prabhakar Reddy]]
| style="text-align:center;"| Head of the anti-social group
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Major Sundarrajan]]
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Kantha Rao]]
| style="text-align:center;"|Commissioner of Police
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Mohan Babu]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Ramesh
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Y. G. Mahendran]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Mahesh
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Poornam Viswanathan]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Raghu's father
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[S. V. Ramadas]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Sujatha's father
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Ceylon Manohar]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Henchman
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Vennira Aadai Nirmala]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Parvathi
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Pandari Bai]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Sujatha's mother
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| [[Jayamalini]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| Mahesh's love interest
|}

== Production ==
''Guru'' is a remake of the 1973 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Jugnu (1973 film)|Jugnu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2015 |title=Sridevi: 5 times the actress bowled us with her performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/sridevi-5-times-the-actress-bowled-us-with-her-performance/etphotostory/48450778.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424051532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/sridevi-5-times-the-actress-bowled-us-with-her-performance/etphotostory/48450778.cms |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=17 March 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> For the song "Paranthalum Vidamatten" where Kamal Haasan travels in an aeroplane and Sridevi in a helicopter, the producer bought an aeroplane and a helicopter from Delhi. The song was shot over four days.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=15 June 1980 |title=விமானத்தில் கமல், ஹெலிகாப்டரில் ஸ்ரீதேவி! |trans-title=Kamal in an aeroplane, Sridevi in a helicopter! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1980-06-15/page/n13/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230405080442/https://archive.org/details/kalki1980-06-15/page/n13/mode/2up |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=3 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=12–13 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. [[Kannadasan]], [[Gangai Amaran]] and [[Panchu Arunachalam]] provided lyrics for the Tamil version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Tamil Film EP VInyl Record by Ilayaraaja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/guru-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-recod-by-ilayaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006065739/https://mossymart.com/product/guru-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-recod-by-ilayaraaja/ |archive-date=6 October 2021 |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru (1980) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/guru-songs-T0000055 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312131049/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/guru-songs-T0000055 |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=17 March 2020 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> For the Telugu version, all lyrics were written by [[Acharya Aatreya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Telugu Film EP VInyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/guru-telugu-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006065741/https://mossymart.com/product/guru-telugu-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=6 October 2021 |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru (Telugu) |url=https://gaana.com/album/guru-telugu-telugu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200317074031/https://gaana.com/album/guru-telugu-telugu |archive-date=17 March 2020 |access-date=17 March 2020 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru (1980)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CTY/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230404122935/https://indiancine.ma/documents/CTY/info |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Perai Chollava
| extra1 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| lyrics1 = Kannadasan
| title2 = Naan Vanangugiren
| extra2 = S. Janaki
| lyrics2 = [[Panchu Arunachalam]]
| title3 = Endhan Kannil
| extra3 = S. Janaki
| lyrics3 = Kannadasan
| title4 = Maamanukku Paramakudi
| extra4 = S. Janaki
| lyrics4 = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| title5 = Parandhalum Vidamatten
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| lyrics5 = [[Kannadasan]]
| title6 = Aadungal Paadungal
| extra6 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| lyrics6 = [[Kannadasan]]
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Perucheppana
| extra1 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
| title2 = Kannula Kipu
| extra2 = S. Janaki
| title3 = Nimmasettu Needunnadi
| extra3 = S. Janaki
| title4 = Naa Vandanamu
| extra4 = S. Janaki
| title5 = Nela Ina Ningi Ina
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
| title6 = Aadandi Paadandi
| extra6 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Guru''{{'}}s Tamil version was released on 18 July 1980; the Telugu version was released the day after, on 19 July. Both versions were critically and commercially successful. The Tamil version was also successful in [[Sri Lanka]], it ran there for two years becoming the second Tamil film after ''[[Vasantha Maligai]]'' for having successful run in Sri Lanka for two years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=19 July 2020 |title=கமலின் கமர்ஷியல் 'குரு'வுக்கு 40 வயது! – இலங்கையில் செய்த மெகா சாதனை! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/565372-kamal-guru.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719151216/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/565372-kamal-guru.html |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ராமநாதன் |first=ஆர். கே. |date=31 October 1982 |title=? |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1982-10-31/page/n55/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230416161106/https://archive.org/details/kalki1982-10-31/page/n55/mode/2up |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=56 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' appreciated the performances of the cast, particularly Haasan, but felt the plot was an amalgam of various Hindi films.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=10 August 1980 |title=குரு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1980-08-10/page/n15/mode/2up? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231221095725/https://archive.org/details/kalki1980-08-10/page/n15/mode/2up? |archive-date=21 December 2023 |access-date=23 February 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=14 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The visuals for the songs "Paranthalum Vidamatten" and "Endhan Kannil" became iconic for the "technical marvel" in the former, and Sridevi's drunken comedy in the latter.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nayak |first=Satyarth |author-link=Satyarth Nayak |title=Sridevi: The Eternal Screen Goddess |title-link=Sridevi: The Eternal Screen Goddess |publisher=[[Ebury Publishing|Ebury Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-93-53056-78-0 |pages=45–46}}</ref> In retrospect, Haasan has been critical of the film, calling it "crap".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=7 November 2019 |title=Kamal Haasan At 65: The Forgotten Phase |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/kamal-haasan-at-65-the-forgotten-phase |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730041105/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/kamal-haasan-at-65-the-forgotten-phase |archive-date=30 July 2024 |access-date=30 July 2024 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{I. V. Sasi}}

[[Category:1980 films]]
[[Category:1980 multilingual films]]
[[Category:1980s action adventure films]]
[[Category:1980s heist films]]
[[Category:1980 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s superhero films]]
[[Category:1980 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1980 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1980s vigilante films]]
[[Category:Films about landlords]]
[[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian action adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian superhero films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action adventure films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]

Maa Balaji

2026-03-03T18:23:25Z

NicolasBull1: Added The Details First Draft...

{{Short description|1999 Indian Telugu-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maa Balaji
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]
| screenplay = Kodi Ramakrishna
| story = Bhargav Art Productions Unit
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogue by
| data1 = {{ubl|[[Ganesh Patro]]}}
}}
| based_on = ''[[Punjabi House]]''
| producer = [[S. Gopal Reddy]]
| starring = [[Vadde Naveen]] [[Maheswari]] [[Laya (actress)|Laya]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = Sri Venkat
| editing =
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = Bhargav Art Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1999|09|23|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}'''''Maa Balaji''''' ({{Translation|Our Balaji}}) is a 1999 Indian Telugu-language [[comedy drama|comedy-drama]] film directed by [[Kodi Ramakrishna]]. The film stars [[Vadde Naveen]], [[Maheswari]], and [[Laya (actress)|Laya]]. The music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]. The film was released on 23 September 1999 and was commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Veereswara Rao |date=28 November 2020 |title=హీరో వడ్డే నవీన్ మొదటి భార్య ఎన్టీఆర్ మనవరాలు.. కొన్నాళ్లకే విడాకులు |url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/cinema-news/hero-vadde-naveen-biography-and-personal-life-details/articleshow/79459671.cms |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=[[Samayam]] |language=te}}</ref> It is a remake of the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] film ''[[Punjabi House]]'' (1998).

== Plot ==
Balaji is a young and ambitious man. But he is unsuccessful in his trials to make money and ends up in debt of {{Indian Rupee}}10 [[lakh]]. Unable to repay the amount, he jumped off into the sea to commit suicide after insuring an amount of {{Indian Rupee}}10 lakh for his debtors with the [[Life Insurance Corporation|LIC]]. However, he is saved and lands up in the house of a rich Punjabi man Balwinder Singh whose [[Muteness|mute]] daughter Pooja falls in love with him.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vadde Naveen]] as Balaji
* [[Maheswari]] as Pooja
* [[Laya (actress)|Laya]] as Sujatha
* Sishwa
* [[Gollapudi Maruthi Rao]]
* [[Mallikarjuna Rao (actor)|Mallikarjuna Rao]]
* [[Sudhakar (actor)|Sudhakar]] as Ramana
* [[Vinod Kumar Alva]] as Sikandar Singh
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as Balwinder Singh
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Penchalayya
* [[Dubbing Janaki]]
}}

== Music ==
Music was composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maa Balaji |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7Ic9QFwDssRM0ZrEHBBWG8 |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref> The lyrics were written by [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]] and [[Bhuvana Chandra]].

{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Andaga Jathakalisindi
| length1 = 4:15
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| title2 = Gappchiproy
| length2 = 4:01
| extra2 = [[Unnikrishnan]]
| title3 = Nedaina Repaina
| length3 = 4:27
| extra3 = Swarnalatha, Rajesh
| title4 = Niligaganam lo
| length4 = 4:39
| extra4 = Mano, Swanalatha
| title5 = Aayee Aayee
| length5 = 4:48
| extra5 = Sarada Malladi
| total_length = 22:10 
}}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' rated the film 4 out of 5 and noted, “First half is in a lighter vein and second half is very gripping. Climax is the heart and soul of the film”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maa Balaji - A review |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-balaji.html |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=[[Idlebrain.com|Idlebrain]]}}</ref> Griddaluru Gopala Rao of ''[[Zamin Ryot]]'' gave the film a negative review criticising the story, characterisations, dialogues, and direction as clichéd, and artificial.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Griddaluru Gopalrao |date=8 October 1999 |title=గజి, బిజి చిత్రం "మా బాలాజి" |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Oct/8-oct-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913145921/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Oct/8-oct-1999.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=11 November 2022 |website=[[Zamin Ryot]] |pages=13, 15 |language=te}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "A remake of the Malayalam movie, 'Punjabi House', it is meant to be a rib-tickler but the Telugu version, 'Maa Balaji comes out a cropper as the theme has nothing much to boast by way of being a comedy".<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Review: Maa Balaji |url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=6007215&ctid=5&cid=2430 |access-date= |website=[[Sify]] |archive-date=30 January 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130060904/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=6007215&ctid=5&cid=2430 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ''Andhra Today'' wrote "The powerful storyline, coupled with the competence of the director made the movie quite interesting and the climax scene is the highlight of the movie. Another point that needs mention is that the movie is not crammed with unnecessary roles in the name of comedy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://andhratoday.com/movie/BALAJI.htm|title=Maa Balaji|website=Andhra Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010716110435/http://andhratoday.com/movie/BALAJI.htm|archive-date=16 July 2001|access-date=25 December 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1575622}}
* [https://www.jiocinema.com/movies/maa-balaji?type=0&id=f79018a0a3fd11e98c560fc46432af32 ''Maa Balaji''] at [[JioCinema]]
* [https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Maa-Balaji/0TZZT6AZ1ORBX82GRJ7DONJVON ''Maa Balaj''i] at [[Amazon Prime Video]]
{{Kodi Ramakrishna}}

[[Category:1999 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1999 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1999 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kodi Ramakrishna]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Malayalam films]]

Arunoday Saha

2026-02-20T21:22:01Z

NicolasBull1: Creating Basic Info First Draft

{{Short description|Indian academic and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Doctorate|Dr.]]
| name = Arunoday Saha
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1948|02|04}}<ref>{{Cite web|title= Arunoday Shah|url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/CitationsForTickets/2025/202533.pdf |access-date= 20 February 2026|website= [[Government of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Bishalgarh]], [[Tripura]], [[India]]
| citizenship = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| alma_mater = [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] (B.A.) [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] (M.A.) [[Utah State University]] (Ph.D.)
| occupation = Academic, Professor, Politician, Writer
| known_for = First vice-chancellor of [[Tripura University]] (appointed in 2007)
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Prof. Manjari Choudhury (marriage date unknown – 2010; her death)
| father = Abani Mohan Saha
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2025) Tripura Vibhushan (2023)
}}

'''Arunoday Saha''' (born 4 February 1948) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Academic staff|academic]], [[politician]] and writer from [[Tripura]]. He served as the first vice-chancellor of [[Tripura University]] after it was elevated to a central university in 2007. Saha is known for his contributions to the field of education and literature.<ref>{{Cite web
|title=Tripura University's Former VC Arunoday Saha Honored with Padma Shri for Contributions to Literature and Education
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/tripura-universitys-former-vc-arunoday-saha-honored-with-padma-shri-for-contributions-to-literature-and-education/articleshow/117590302.cms
|website=The Times of India
|date=2025-01-27
|access-date=2025-06-05
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title='Literature remains in my blood', former VC of Tripura University Arunoday Saha on being honoured with Padma Shri
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/news/literature-remains-in-my-blood-former-vc-of-tripura-university-arunoday-saha-on-being-honoured-with-padma-shri-101737875159013.html
|website=Hindustan Times
|date=2025-01-26
|access-date=2025-06-05
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=त्रिपुरा यूनिवर्सिटी के पूर्व वीसी अरुणोदय साहा को साहित्य और शिक्षा में योगदान के लिए पद्मश्री सम्मान
|url=https://www.amarujala.com/education/tripura-university-s-ex-vc-arunoday-saha-gets-padma-shri-for-literature-education-2025-01-26
|website=अमर उजाला
|date=2025-01-26
|access-date=2025-06-05
}}</ref>

He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and contested the 2014 Indian general election from [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]] constituency. In recognition of his work, he was awarded the *Tripura Vibhushan*, the state's highest civilian award, in 2023 and the [[Padma Shri]], India’s fourth-highest civilian award, in 2025 for his contribution to literature and education.<ref name="Tripura Govt confers state’s civilian award to Prof Arunoday Saha, Kokborok literary N C Debbarma">{{cite news |title=Tripura Govt confers state's civilian award to Prof Arunoday Saha, Kokborok literary N C Debbarma |url=https://www.tripuraindia.in/update/index/tripura-govt-confers-state--s-civilian-award-to-prof-arunoday-saha-kokborok-literary-n-c-debbarma |access-date=26 January 2025 |date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126164332/https://www.tripuraindia.in/update/index/tripura-govt-confers-state--s-civilian-award-to-prof-arunoday-saha-kokborok-literary-n-c-debbarma |archive-date=26 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="Tripura University's ex-VC Arunoday Saha gets Padma Shri for literature, education">{{cite news |title=Tripura University's ex-VC Arunoday Saha gets Padma Shri for literature, education |url=https://theprint.in/india/tripura-universitys-ex-vc-arunoday-saha-gets-padma-shri-for-literature-education/2463524/ |access-date=26 January 2025 |publisher=ThePrint |date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126164119/https://theprint.in/india/tripura-universitys-ex-vc-arunoday-saha-gets-padma-shri-for-literature-education/2463524/ |archive-date=26 January 2025}}</ref>

== Life ==
Saha was born into a Bengali family in [[Bishalgarh]], [[Tripura]]. His father, Abani Mohan Saha, was a businessman.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=From education to election, Saha has come a long way|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/from-education-to-election-saha-has-come-a-long-way/cid/194860|access-date=2022-01-04|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

He obtained his B.A. from [[Presidency College, Kolkata]], M.A. in Economics from [[University of Calcutta]], and Ph.D. from [[Utah State University]]. On 3 July 2007, he was appointed as the first vice-chancellor of [[Tripura University]] after it attained central university status. He retired on 18 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|date=2007-07-04|title=Tripura University elevated to a Central University|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/07/04/tripura-university-elevated-centraluniversity.html|access-date=2022-01-04|website=oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Tripura Literature Festival Inaugurated By CM Manik Saha In Agartala
|url=https://northeasttoday.in/2025/02/22/tripura-literature-festival-inaugurated-by-cm-manik-saha-in-agartala/
|website=Northeast Today
|date=2025-02-22
|access-date=2025-06-07
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=“Women in Sports”: One-Day Seminar Organized by Tripura State Women's Commission
|url=https://tripuratimes.com/ttimes/%E2%80%9Cwomen-in-sports%E2%80%9D-one-day-seminar-organized-by-tripura-state-women%E2%80%99s-commission-10999.html/
|website=Tripura Times
|date=2023-11-28
|access-date=2025-06-07
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Experts recommend NCERT curriculum for schools in Tripura
|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/experts-recommend-ncert-curriculum-for-schools-in-tripura-5237656/
|website=The Indian Express
|date=2018-06-28
|access-date=2025-06-07
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Varsity dean hangs self in Tripura - She was depressed: Cops
|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/varsity-dean-hangs-self-in-tripura-she-was-depressed-cops/cid/532540
|website=The Telegraph
|date=2010-04-02
|access-date=2025-06-07
}}</ref>

Saha entered politics with the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arunoday Saha(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- TRIPURA WEST(TRIPURA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=244 |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> He stated, "My family has traditionally been with the Congress but this nomination as a Congress candidate for Lok Sabha is slightly unexpected. But as the party has honored me, I will also do my best in the election."<ref name=":0" />

He is also a published writer. His articles have appeared in journals and newspapers, and he has authored books related to economics and public issues.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renowned economist of Tripura Arunoday Saha conferred Padma Shri for literature and education |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agartala/renowned-economist-of-tripura-arunoday-saha-confers-padma-shri-for-literature-and-education/articleshow/117582904.cms |work=The Times of India |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Tripura's Prof Arunoday Saha receives 'Padma Shri' from President Droupadi Murmu |url=https://tripuratribune.in/tribunenews/tripura%E2%80%99s-prof-arunoday-saha-receives-%E2%80%98padma-shri%E2%80%99-from-president-droupadi-murmu-1415.html |work=Tripura Tribune |date=26 January 2025 |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref>

His wife, Prof. Manjari Choudhury, died in 2010.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2010 |title=Tripura University VC's wife commits suicide |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20100401/1475978.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104093134/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20100401/1475978.html |archive-date=2022-01-04 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=news.webindia123.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Tripura University]]
* [[Bishalgarh]]
* [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=244 Arunoday Saha affidavit at MyNeta]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saha, Arunoday}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tripura]]
[[Category:Writers from Tripura]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Indian academic administrators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

G. S. Khaparde

2026-02-14T16:02:10Z

NicolasBull1: revise

{{Short description|Indian politician (1854–1938)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
'''Ganesh Srikrishna Khaparde''' (also known as '''Dadasaheb Khaparde''') (27 August 1854 – 1 July 1938) was an Indian lawyer, scholar, political activist and a noted devotee of [[Shirdi Sai Baba]] and saint [[Gajanan Maharaj]].<ref name=Yadav63>{{Harvnb|Yadav|1992|p=63}}</ref><ref name=Sinha154>{{Harvnb|Sinha|1971|p=154}}</ref><ref name=Rigopoulos75>{{Harvnb|Rigopoulos|1993|p=75}}</ref><ref name=Wolpert126>{{Harvnb|Wolpert|1989|pp=126–127}}</ref>

Born in a [[Deshastha Brahmin]] family at Ingroli in [[Berar Province|Berar]], Khaparde studied [[Sanskrit]] and [[English Literature]] before beginning law. He graduated with an LLB in 1884, which led him to Government service. He served as a Munsiff and an assistant commissioner at Berar between 1885 and 1890. Closely associated with [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]], he took a keen interest in politics and in 1890 resigned from service to begin his own law practice at [[Amravati]]. Khaparde was the chairman of the reception committee at the Amravati [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1897.<ref name=Yadav63/><ref name=Wolpert126/> He attended, along with Tilak, the Shivaji Festival of the Congress at [[Calcutta]] in 1906. He was at this time associated with the "Revolutionary" camp within the Congress, led by [[Lal Bal Pal]] trio of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]], [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] and [[Bipin Chandra Pal]].<ref name=Sinha154/> A close ally and one of the most trusted lieutenants of Tilak,<ref name=Wolpert126/> Khaparde's strong and singular personal influence in the Central Provinces earned him the epitaph of "the Nawab of Berar".<ref name=Wolpert126/> Between 1908 and 1910, Khaparde travelled to England to conduct Tilak's appeal to the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]].<ref name=Yadav63/> Intelligence reports indicate that along with Bipin Chandra Pal, he was at this time associated with the [[India House]].<ref name=Popplewell129>{{Harvnb|Popplewell|1995|p=129}}</ref>

Later, Khaparde was a founding member of Tilak's [[Indian Home Rule League]] in 1916,<ref name=Sinha154/> and was a member of the Congress's deputation to the [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]] on constitutional reforms, with [[Vasukaka Joshi]].<ref name=Yadav63/><ref>{{Harvnb|Wolpert|1989|pp=283–284}}</ref> Between May 1919 and January 1920, Khaparde was in England again as a delegate of the Home Rule League's deputation to the Joint Parliamentary committee. During his stay of seven months he made speeches in England. He became popular by way of his wit, humour and mannerism and hence some news-paper described him as ''[[Mark Twain]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/VOL-VII/life_sketch.pdf |author=Dr B G Kunte |publisher=Government of Maharashtra, Gazette Department |year=1978 |page=2 |title=Life-Sketch of Dada Saheb Khaparde |access-date=5 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614012556/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/VOL-VII/life_sketch.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Following the inauguration of [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms]], he was selected a member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council]].<ref name=Yadav63/><ref name=Sinha154/> However, in 1920, Khaparde left the Congress anticipating Gandhi's [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|Non-cooperation movement]]. Between 1920 and 1925, Khaparde was elected as a member of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]].

As noted in Shree [[Gajanan Vijay]], he was devotee of [[Gajanan Maharaj]] of [[Shegaon]]. Many reference texts of his are available in the epic.

G.S. Khaparde was also a noted devotee of [[Shirdi Sai Baba]]. His first interaction with Sri Sai Baba was in December 1910 when he sought refuge at [[Shirdi]] escaping the incarceration and purge of political dissidents in India at the time.<ref name=Rigopoulos171>{{Harvnb|Rigopoulos|1993|p=171}}</ref> Between 1910 and 1918, his ''Shirdi diary'' recording visits to Sai Baba shed much light on Baba's life, his routine, and his work.<ref name=Ruhela174>{{Harvnb|Ruhela|1998|p=174}}</ref>

G.S. Khaparde died on 1 July 1938. He was survived by his son [[Balkrishna Ganesh Khaparde]], also a lawyer and leader.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Citation |last1=Popplewell |first1=Richard J. |year=1995 |title=Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904–1924 |url=http://www.routledge.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=&isbn=071464580X&parent_id=&pc= |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-7146-4580-X |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326193437/http://www.routledge.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=&isbn=071464580X&parent_id=&pc= |url-status=dead }}
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Rigopoulos
| given1 = Antonio
| year = 1993
| title = The life and teachings of Sai Baba of Shirdi
| url =
| publisher = SUNY Press
| isbn= 0-7914-1267-9
}}.
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Ruhela
| given1 = S.P
| year = 1998
| title = The Immortal Fakir of Shirdi
| url =
| publisher = Diamond Pocket Books
| isbn= 81-7182-091-3
}}.
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Sinha
| given1 = P.B
| date = November 1971
| title = A New Source for the History of the Revolutionary Movement in India, 1907–1917
| journal = The Journal of Asian Studies
| volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=151–156
| doi = 10.2307/2053060
| jstor = 2053060
| url =
}}.
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Wolpert
| given1 = Stanley
| year = 1989
| title = Tilak and Gokhale:Revolution and Reform in the making of Modern India
| url =
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn= 0-520-03339-6
}}.
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Yadav
| given1 = B.D
| year = 1992
| title = M.P.T. Acharya, Reminiscences of an Indian Revolutionary
| url =
| publisher = Anmol Publications
| isbn= 81-7041-470-9
}}.
*{{Citation
| surname1 = Ekkirala
| given1 = Bharadwaja
| year = 1975
| title = Saibaba The Master
| url = http://www.saibharadwaja.org/books/saibabathemaster/saibabasdailylife.aspx#Shirdi_Diary
| publisher = Sri Manga Bharadwaja Trust
| location = Hyderabad
| access-date = 28 June 2013
| archive-date = 25 November 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151125121445/http://www.saibharadwaja.org/books/saibabathemaster/saibabasdailylife.aspx#Shirdi_Diary
| url-status = dead
}}.
{{India House}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khaparde, G. S.}}
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:India House]]
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Amravati]]
[[Category:Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India]]
[[Category:Sai Baba of Shirdi]]
[[Category:History of Vidarbha]]

Tadbhava

2026-02-09T08:42:53Z

NicolasBull1: brief update page to improve readability and corrected details after review

{{Short description|Sanskrit borrowings with modified phonologies}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
'''{{IAST|Tadbhava}}''' ([[Sanskrit]]: तद्भव, {{IPA|sa|tɐdbʱɐʋɐ|IPA}}, lit. "arising from that") is the [[Sanskrit]] word for one of three etymological classes defined by native grammarians of [[Middle Indo-Aryan languages]], alongside [[tatsama]] and deśi words.<ref name="Kahrs1992">{{cite journal | last=Kahrs | first=Eivind G. | title=What is a tadbhava word? | journal=Indo-Iranian Journal | volume=35 | issue=2–3 | pages=225–249 | year=1992 | doi=10.1007/BF00164933| s2cid=189783538 }} at pp. 67-69.</ref> A "tadbhava" is a word with an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] origin (and thus related to [[Sanskrit]]) but which has evolved through language change in the [[Middle Indo-Aryan]] stage and eventually inherited into a modern Indo-Aryan language. In this sense, tadbhavas can be considered the native (inherited) vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages.

Tadbhavas are distinguished from [[tatsama]]s, a term applied to words borrowed from Classical Sanskrit after the development of the Middle Indo-Aryan languages; tatsamas thus retain their Sanskrit form (at least in the orthographic form). This can be compared to the use of borrowed Classical Latin vocabulary in modern Romance languages. Both tadbhavas and tatsamas are also distinguished from deśi ("local") words, a term applied to words that have a non-Indo-Aryan source, typically Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, or Tibeto-Burman.<ref name="Grierson1920">{{cite journal | last=Grierson | first=George | title=Indo-Aryan Vernaculars (Continued) | journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies | volume=3 | issue=1 | pages=51–85 | year=1920| doi=10.1017/S0041977X00087152 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/2280870 | doi-access=free }} at pp. 67-69.</ref> In the modern context, the terms "tadbhava" and "tatsama" are applied to Sanskrit loanwords not only in [[Indo-Aryan languages]], but also in [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]], [[Munda languages|Munda]] and other South Asian languages.<ref name="Staal1963">{{cite journal |last= Staal |first=J.F. |title= Sanskrit and Sanskritization |journal= The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=22 | issue=3 |pages= 261–275 |year=1963 |doi= 10.2307/2050186 |publisher= Association for Asian Studies |jstor= 2050186}} at p. 272.</ref>

== Tadbhavas in Indo-Aryan languages ==
Modern Indo-Aryan languages have two classes of words inherited from Sanskrit. The first covers words that have come to the languages from [[Old Indo-Aryan]] through Prakrit and Apabhraṃśa; they are the inherited tadbhava words and show an unbroken chain of language evolution from Old Indo-Aryan to the modern form. A second class of Sanskrit-derived words in modern Indo-Aryan languages covers words that have their origin in [[Classical Sanskrit]] and were originally borrowed into Prakrit or Apabhraṃśa as [[tatsamas]] but, over the course of time, changed in form to fit the phonology of the recipient language. Such words are often called ardhatatsamas or semi-tatsamas by modern linguists.<ref name="Grierson1920" /> These stand apart from the tatsamas, which have the same Devanagari spelling in both Sanskrit and the modern language.

Tadbhava, tatsama and semi-tatsama forms derived from the same Indo-Aryan root sometimes co-exist in modern Indo-Aryan languages. For example, the reflexes of {{IAST|śraddha}} in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] include Sanskrit borrowings in tatsama {{IAST|sroddha}} and semi-tatsama form {{IAST|chedda}}, in addition to the inherited tadbhava form {{IAST|šadh}}.<ref name="Staal1963" /> Similarly, Sanskrit {{IAST|ājñā}} exists in [[Modern Standard Hindi]] as a semi-tatsama {{IAST|āgyā}} and an inherited tadbhava form {{IAST|ān}} (via Prakrit {{IAST|āṇa}}) in addition to the pure tatsama {{IAST|ājñā}}.<ref name="Grierson1920" /> In such cases, the use of tatsama forms in place of equivalent tadbhava or native forms is often seen by speakers of a language as a marker of a more chaste or literary form of the language, as opposed to a more rustic or colloquial form.<ref name="Burghart1993">{{cite journal | last=Burghart | first=Richard | title=A Quarrel in the Language Family: Agency and Representations of Speech in Mithila | journal=Modern Asian Studies | volume=27 | issue=4 | pages=761–804 | year=1993 | doi=10.1017/S0026749X00001293}} at p. 766.</ref><ref name="Barannikov1936">{{cite journal | last=Barannikov | first=A. | title=Modern Literary Hindī | journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies | volume=8 | issue=2/3 | pages=373–390 | year=1936 | doi=10.1017/s0041977x00141023}} at p. 390.</ref> Often, however, a word exists only in one of the three possible forms, that is only as a tadbhava, tatsama or semi-tatsama, or it has different meanings in different forms. For example, reflexes of the Old Indo-Aryan word {{IAST|hṛdaya}} exist in Hindi both as a tatsama and as a tadbhava. However, the tatsama word {{IAST|hṛdaya}} means "heart", as in Sanskrit, but the tadbhava {{IAST|hiyyā}} means "courage".<ref name="Grierson1920" />

=== Tadbhavas in the Odia language ===
[[Odia language|Odia]] words are divided into native words ({{Transliteration|or|desaja}}), those borrowed from Sanskrit ({{Transliteration|or|tatasam}}) and those adapted with little modification from Sanskrit ({{Transliteration|or|tatbhaba}}). The 17th-century dictionary ''Gitabhidhana'' by [[Upendra Bhanja]], ''Sabda Tattva [[Abhidhana]]'' (1916) by Gopinath Nanda and ''Purnachandra Oriya Bhashakosha'' (1931) by GC Praharaj with 185,000 Words, ''Promoda Abhidan'' (1942) with 150,000 words by PC Deb and ''Damodara Mishar'' classified the Odia words as deśi, tatsama or tadbhava.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

The Odia words are derived from Odia verbal roots, which are derived from Sanskrit verbal roots. The Odia words are called Tatabhaba Krudanta words. For example, ''kandana'' is derived from Odia ''dhatu kanda'', which is derived from Sanskrit ''kranda dhatu''.<ref name="ijee">{{cite journal |url= http://ijee.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Dr_AK_Behra.273114506.pdf |orig-year= 30 September 2012 |title= International Journal of English and Education |journal= International Journal of English and Education |issn= 2278-4012 |volume= 1 |issue= 2 |date= October 2012 |accessdate= 2015-08-20 |archive-date= 6 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160306062610/http://ijee.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Dr_AK_Behra.273114506.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book |title= Dictionnaires |author= Hausmann, F.J. |publisher= Walter de Gruyter |isbn= 978-311012421-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Kwqc7xso22wC&pg=PA2515 |page=2515 |accessdate= 2015-08-20}}</ref>

== Tadbhavas in other South Asian languages ==
In the context of Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman languages of South Asia, the terms "tatsama" and "tadbhava" are used to describe words which have been borrowed from Sanskrit either unmodified ("tatsama") or modified ("tadbhava"). Tadbhava as used in relation to these languages, therefore, corresponds more accurately with the categories of tatsama and semi-tatsama used in relation to the vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages. All [[Dravidian languages]] contain a proportion of tadbhava and tatsama words, possibly exceeding over half of the vocabulary of literary [[Kannada]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]], with [[Malayalam]] being among the most in common with Sanskrit and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] having less Sanskrit than the other three.<ref name="Staal1963" />

==See also==
*[[Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Linguistic history of India]]
[[Category:Etymology]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]

2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections

2026-02-01T21:08:13Z

NicolasBull1: Updated and refined page content

#REDIRECT [[2016–2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly by-elections]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
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Kota, Andhra Pradesh

2026-01-18T14:51:43Z

NicolasBull1:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2008}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kota
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =telugu
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|14.0333|N|80.0500|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
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| government_type =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| population_total =
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| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 524411
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +918624
| registration_plate = AP26
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kota''' is a [[Subdivisions of India|mandel]] in [[Nellore district|Nellore District]] in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It is the headquarters of the Kota mandal and is known as the political hub. There is an 19 villages in the Kota mandal.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nellore district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nellore district]]

Kangla Nongpok Torban

2025-12-29T20:46:37Z

NicolasBull1: adding basic info from scratch

{{Short description|Indian recreation area}}
{{Distinguish|Kangla Nongpok Thong}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Kangla Nongpok Torban
| alt_name = Imphal River Front
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = mni
| image = Kangla Nongpok Torban.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A signboard at the Kangla Nongpok Torban, writing in [[Meitei language|Meitei]] (officially called [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]]) and English
| qid =
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| label_position =
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| mark_width =
| type = [[recreation area]], [[riverfront]]
| motto =
| location = [[Imphal West district]], [[Manipur]]
| nearest_city = [[Imphal]]
| nearest_town = [[Imphal]]
| grid_ref_UK =
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| founder = [[Government of Manipur]]
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| administrator = [[Government of Manipur]]
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| operator = [[Government of Manipur]]
| visitation_num =
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| open = 5 AM to 7 PM
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| water = [[Imphal River]]
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| facilities = open gym, walking track, cycling track, food plaza, kiosks, performance stage
| website =
| embedded =
| child =
}}
'''Kangla Nongpok Torban''' or Eastern Bank of the Kangla is a riverside recreation area, on the eastern bank of the [[Imphal River]] in [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India.
It was developed under the aegis of ''Imphal Smart City Limited''. With the length of approximately {{convert|700|m}}, it covers its area from the ''Sanjenthong Bridge'' in the South to the {{langnf|mni|Nongpok Thong|eastern bridge}} of [[Kangla Fort]] in the North.<ref name=relax>{{Cite web |title=Kangla Nongpok Torban adds new colour to Imphal, but senior citizen seeks relaxation in entry fee |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/ifp-breaking-point/kangla-nongpok-torban-adds-new-colour-to-imphal-but-senior-citizen-seeks-relaxation-in-entry-fee |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=turn>{{Cite web |title=Kangla facility turning into favourite recreational spot: 25th may22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=23..250522.may22 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Opening hours ==

Kangla Nongpok Torban is open from 5AM to 7PM. The ticket counter closes at 6:30 PM, half an hour before the park closes.<ref name= relax/>closed every Monday for maintenance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kangla facility to close on June 6, 7: 05th jun22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp8..050622.jun22 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>
Early morning walkers are allowed to enter free of charge until 8AM. However, visitors are charged {{INRConvert|20|year=2022}} per person for entry to the area from after 8AM.<ref name=turn/>

== Features and facilities ==
The Kangla Nongpok Torban includes an open gym, walking track, cycling track, exercise, food plaza, kiosks and a performance stage.
10 bicycles are available for visitors to hire by booking though a [[mobile app]] opened under the [[smart city]] project.<ref name= relax/>

During September 2022, the Bio Clean Water Care Service OPC Private Limited installed four bio [[toilets]] in the Kangla Nongpok Torban under [[Public–private partnership|PPP model]]. Its service and maintenance are provided by the installing agency without taking any charges from the government.

The four toilets are meant for ladies, gents, [[handicapped]] and [[transgender]] people .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-toilet complex inaugurated: 19th sep22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=23..190922.sep22 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Development ==
In the first phase of development work, stretching approximately 700 metres of area, the ''Kangla Nongpok Torban'' is fully developed starting from ''"Sanjenthong"'' to the ''"Nongpok Thong"''.
In the second phase of development work, the Kangla Nongpok Torban is planned to be stretched further from ''"Nongpok Thong"'' to ''"Minuthong"''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kangla facility turning into favourite recreational spot: 25th may22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=23..250522.may22 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No investor for multi-tier parking project: 31st aug22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=40..310822.aug22 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=e-pao.net |quote=Regarding development of Kangla Nongpok Torban as part of beautification plan of Imphal city under Smart City project, the IMC officer said that Kangla Nongpok Torban project will be extended further to the northern side and Ima Keithel Road development will be extended up to Khoyathong junction.}}</ref>

== Campaigns ==
On 25 June 2022, a campaign named ''"Green Imphal City Campaign"'' was organised under the theme ''"Planting towards Greener, Cleaner Imphal"'' by the Department of Municipal Administration, Housing and Urban Development (MAHUD) in the Kangla Nongpok Torban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Imphal campaign |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2022/6/26/Imphal-Jun-25-DIPR-Department-of-Municipal-Administration-Housing-and-Urban-Development-MAHUD.amp.html |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Imphal campaign: 26th jun22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=6..260622.jun22 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kangla Sanathong]]
* [[Statue of Meidingu Nara Singh]]
* [[Hijagang]]
* [[Pakhangba Temple, Kangla|Iputhou Pakhangba Laishang]]
* [[Manung Kangjeibung]]
* [[Museums in Kangla]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Kangla Nongpok Torban}}
* {{Cite web |title=Kangla facility turning into favourite recreational spot – Manipur News |date=24 May 2022 |url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2022/05/24/kangla-facility-turning-into-favourite-recreational-spot/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en-US}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Imphal]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Meitei royalty]]
[[Category:Public art in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Manipur]]

Adrien Juvanon

2025-12-26T14:08:03Z

NicolasBull1: Creating Initial Stub W/ Infobox

{{short description|French colonial administrator and author}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
'''François-Adrien Juvanon''' (13 August 1875 – 9 February 1950) was a French colonial administrator and author in the [[French Colonial Empire]]. Born in [[La Balme-les-Grottes]], he was Governor of [[French Guiana]] in 1927, Acting Governor of [[Saint-Pierre and Miquelon]] in 1928–29, and Governor of [[French India]] 1931–34.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-gov}}
{{Succession box | before=Charles Nirpot (Acting)| title=Governor of [[Saint-Pierre and Miquelon]] | after=[[Henri Sautot]]| years=27 February 1928–14 February 1929}}
{{Succession box | before=Gabriel Henri Joseph Thaly| title=Governor of [[French Guiana]] | after=[[Émile Buhot-Launay]] | years=1927}}
{{Succession box | before= [[Robert Paul Marie de Guise]] | title=Governor of [[French India]]<ref name=LAC>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6379563w/f1.item.r=%22Fran%C3%A7ois%20Juvanon%22.zoom "Le cadre colonial français rénové"], ''Les Annales Coloniales'', 10 April 1934, p.1 {{in lang|fr}}. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</ref> | after=[[Léon Solomiac]]<ref name=LAC/>| years=1931–1934}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Juvanon, Adrien}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Governors of French India]]
[[Category:People from La Balme-les-Grottes]]
{{France-politician-stub}}
{{SaintPierreMiquelon-bio-stub}}

Tatanagar–Yesvantpur Weekly Express

2025-11-11T17:45:47Z

NicolasBull1: added the post v1!

{{Short description|Indian express railway}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Tatanagar–Yesvantpur Weekly Express
| image =New Train Board of Tatanagar - Yesvantpur Weekly Express.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =Train Board of Tatanagar - Yesvantpur Weekly Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2015|01|29}}
| last =
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Tatanagar Junction}} (TATA)
| stops = 38
| end = {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} (YPR)
| distance = {{convert|2438|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 43 Hours 55 Mins as 18111
46 Hours 00 Mins as 18112
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock =
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 18111/18112
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Tatanagar–Yesvantpur Weekly Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[South Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Tatanagar Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} in India. It was being operated with 18111/18112 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>[http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=1832&did=1501480869167CEBD40B0B10F3CE00BE82C2DBE5F4FA8.web91 DIVERSION OF TRAINS]</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/trains-cancelled-diverted-for-restoration-works/article19404685.ece Trains cancelled, diverted for restoration works]</ref><ref>[http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=2523&id=0,4,268 TRAIN SERVICES RESUMED IN TITLAGARH-RAYAGADA RAILWAY SECTION]</ref>

== Service==

The 18111/Tatanagar–Yesvantpur Weekly Express has an average speed of 56 km/h and covers 2438 km in 43h 55m. The 18112/Yesvantpur–Tatanagar Express has an average speed of 53 km/h and covers 2438 km in 46h 00 mins.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Hrishik |title=18111/Tatanagar - Yesvantpur Weekly Express (PT) - Tatanagar to Yesvantpur SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-tatanagar-yesvantpur-weekly-express-18111/23118/168/997 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Hrishik |title=18112/Yesvantpur - Tatanagar Weekly Express (PT) - Yesvantpur to Tatanagar SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-yesvantpur-tatanagar-weekly-express-18112/23234/997/168 |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

== Time table ==

'''From Tatanagar Jn to Yesvantpur - 18111'''. The train starts from Tatanagar Jn on every Thursday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Disguise |first=TrainMan in |title=18111/Tatanagar - Yesvantpur Weekly Express (PT) - Tatanagar to Yesvantpur SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-tatanagar-yesvantpur-weekly-express-18111/23118/168/997 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:gold;" | Station code
! style="background:gold;" ! | Station name
! style="background:gold;" ! | Arrival
! style="background:gold;" ! | Departure
|-
| '''TATA'''|| '''Tatanagar Jn'''|| --- || '''18:35'''
|-
| CKP || Chakradharpur || 19:23 || 19:28
|-
| ROU|| Rourkela Jn|| 20:50|| 20:55
|-
| JSG|| Jharsuguda Jn|| 22:30|| 22:35
|-
| SBP || Sambalpur Jn || 23:25 || 23:35
|-
| BRGA || Bargarh Road || 00:17 || 00:19

|-
| BLGR || Balangir Jn || 01:16 || 01:21
|-
| TIG || Titlagarh Jn || 02:20 || 12:30
|-
| KSNG || Kesinga || 02:45 || 02:47
|-
| MNGD || Muniguda || 03:53 || 03:55
|-
| RGDA || Rayagada || 05:15 || 05:20
|-
| PVP || Parvatipuram || 05:58 || 06:00
|-
|VBL
|Bobbili Jn
|06:23
|06:25
|-
|VZM
|Vizianagaram Jn
|07:15
|07:20
|-
|VSKP
|Visakhapatnam Jn
|08:35
|08:55
|-
|SLO
|Samalkot Jn
|10:59
|11:00
|-
|RJY
|Rajahmundry
|11:49
|11:50
|-
|EE
|Eluru
|13:04
|13:05
|-
|BZA
|Vijayawada Jn
|14:30
|14:45
|-
|KMT
|Khammam
|15:19
|15:20
|-
|WL
|Warangal
|17:18
|17:20
|-
|MLY
|Moula Ali
|20:19
|20:20
|-
|SC
|Secunderabad Jn
|20:45
|21:00
|-
|LPI
|Lingampalli
|21:39
|21:40
|-
|VKB
|Vikarabad Jn
|22:19
|22:20
|-
|TDU
|Tandur
|22:49
|22:50
|-
|CT
|Chittapur
|23:44
|23:45
|-
|YG
|Yadgir
|00:44
|00:45
|-
|RC
|Raichur Jn
|01:48
|01:50
|-
|MALM
|Mantralayam Road
|02:09
|02:10
|-
|AD
|Adoni
|02:39
|02:40
|-
|BAY
|Ballari Jn
|04:50
|04:55
|-
|MOMU
|Molakalmuru
|06:14
|06:15
|-
|CHKE
|Challakere
|06:54
|06:55
|-
|CTA
|Chitradurga
|07:23
|07:25
|-
|RRB
|Birur Jn
|09:13
|09:15
|-
|DRU
|Kadur Jn
|09:26
|09:27
|-
|ASK
|Arsikere Jn
|10:15
|10:20
|-
|TK
|Tumakuru
|11:10
|11:12
|-
|BAW
|Chikka Banavara Jn
|12:01
|12:02
|-
| '''YPR''' || '''Yesvantpur''' || '''13:40''' || ---
|}
Note : Train reverses its direction at [[Visakhapatnam railway station|Visakhapatnam Junction]] and [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada Junction]].

'''From Yesvantpur to Tatanagar Jn - 18112'''. The train starts from Yesvantpur on every Sunday.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Disguise |first=TrainMan in |title=18111/Tatanagar - Yesvantpur Weekly Express (PT) - Tatanagar to Yesvantpur SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-tatanagar-yesvantpur-weekly-express-18111/23118/168/997 |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:gold;" | Station code
! style="background:gold;" ! | Station name
! style="background:gold;" ! | Arrival
! style="background:gold;" ! | Departure
|-
| '''YPR'''|| '''Yesvantpur'''|| --- || '''12:30'''
|-
| TK || Tumakuru || 13:19 || 13:20
|-
| ASK|| Arsikere Jn|| 14:35|| 14:40
|-
| DRU|| Kadur Jn|| 15:11|| 15:12
|-
| RRB || Birur Jn || 15:40 || 15:42
|-
| CTA || Chitradurga || 17:03 || 17:05

|-
| CHKE || Challakere || 17:39 || 17:40
|-
| MOMU || Molakalmuru || 18:29 || 18:30
|-
| BAY || Ballari Jn || 21:35 || 21:40
|-
| AD || Adoni || 23:29 || 23:30
|-
| MALM || Mantralayam Road || 00:09 || 00:10
|-
| RC || Raichur Jn || 00:38 || 00:40
|-
|YG
|Yadgir
|01:39
|01:40
|-
|CT
|Chittapur
|02:34
|02:35
|-
|TDU
|Tandur
|03:29
|03:30
|-
|VKB
|Vikarabad Jn
|03:59
|04:00
|-
|LPI
|Lingampalli
|04:44
|04:45
|-
|SC
|Secunderabad Jn
|05:58
|06:05
|-
|MLY
|Moula Ali
|06:19
|06:20
|-
|WL
|Warangal
|07:59
|08:00
|-
|KMT
|Khammam
|09:39
|09:40
|-
|BZA
|Vijayawada Jn
|12:15
|12:30
|-
|EE
|Eluru
|13:14
|13:15
|-
|RJY
|Rajahmundry
|14:44
|14:45
|-
|SLO
|Samalkot Jn
|15:29
|15:30
|-
|VSKP
|Visakhapatnam Jn
|20:00
|20:20
|-
|VZM
|Vizianagaram Jn
|21:15
|21:20
|-
|VBL
|Bobbili Jn
|22:03
|22:05
|-
|PVP
|Parvatipuram
|22:28
|22:30
|-
|RGDA
|Rayagada
|23:15
|23:20
|-
|MNGD
|Muniguda
|00:18
|00:20
|-
|KSNG
|Kesinga
|01:13
|01:15
|-
|TIG
|Titlagarh Jn
|01:40
|01:50
|-
|BLGR
|Balangir Jn
|02:41
|02:46
|-
|BRGA
|Bargarh Road
|03:48
|03:50
|-
|SBP
|Sambalpur Jn
|04:40
|04:50
|-
|JSG
|Jharsuguda Jn
|06:20
|06:25
|-
|ROU
|Rourkela Jn
|07:37
|07:42
|-
|CKP
|Chakradharpur
|09:10
|09:12
|-
| '''TATA'''|| '''Tatanagar Jn''' || '''10:50''' || ---
|}
Note : Train reverses its direction at [[Visakhapatnam railway station|Visakhapatnam Junction]] and [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada Junction]].

==Coach composition==

The train had standard LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 130 km/h. The train consists of 21 coaches:

* 2 AC II Tier
* 8 AC III Tier
* 7 Sleeper coaches
* 2 General Unreserved
* 1 Divyangjan cum Guard Coach
* 1 Generator Car

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="1" |Loco
! rowspan="1" |1
!2
! rowspan="1" |3
! rowspan="1" |4
! rowspan="1" |5
! rowspan="1" |6
! rowspan="1" |7
! rowspan="1" |8
!9
!10
! rowspan="1" |11
!12
! rowspan="1" |13
! rowspan="1" |14
! rowspan="1" |15
! rowspan="1" |16
! rowspan="1" |17
! rowspan="1" |18
! rowspan="1" |19
! rowspan="1" |20
! rowspan="1" |21
|-
|
|EOG
|GEN
|GEN
|S1
|S2
|S3
|S4
|S5
|S6
|S7
|B1
|B2
|B3
|B4
|B5
|B6
|B7
|B8
|A1
|A2
|SLRD
|}

== Traction==

Both trains were hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Tatanagar|Tatanagar]]-based [[WAP-7]] diesel locomotive from Tatanagar to [[Visakhapatnam]]. From Visakhapatnam, trains were hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vijayawada|Vijayawada]]-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive until [[Vijayawada]]. After Vijayawada, either another [[WAP-4]] from Vijayawada took the charge or a [[Electric Loco Shed, Lallaguda|Lallaguda]] based [[WAP-7]] hauled the train. From [[Guntakal]], trains were hauled by either [[Diesel Loco Shed, Guntakal|Guntakal]]-based twin [[WDM-3A]] or twin [[WDG-3A]] or [[Diesel Loco Shed, Gooty]] [[WDM-3A]] twin diesel locomotive until Yesvantpur and vice versa.

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction twice:

* {{stnlnk|Visakhapatnam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}}

== See also ==

* [[Tatanagar Junction railway station]]
* [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station]]
* [[Tatanagar–Yesvantpur Superfast Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/23118 18111/Tatanagar–Yesvantpur Weekly Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/23234 18112/Yesvantpur–Tatanagar Weekly Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tatanagar-Yesvantpur Weekly Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Jamshedpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2015]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Bangalore Fashion Week

2025-11-09T19:38:49Z

NicolasBull1: adjust information for clarity and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Short description|Bi-annual fashion week}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name = Bangalore Fashion Week
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| logo =
| logo_caption =
| logo_size =
| image_size =
| caption =
| status =
| genre = Clothing and fashion exhibitions
| date =
| begins =
| ends =
| frequency = Bi-Annual
| venue =
| location = [[Bangalore]], India
| years_active =
| first = 2009
| founder_name =
| last =
| prev =
| next =
| sponsor =
| website = {{URL|https://Bangalorefashionweek.in/|Bangalorefashionweek.in}}
}}

[[File:38A9551.jpg|thumb|Bangalore Fashion Week, 20th edition, 2019]]
'''Bangalore Fashion Week''' ('''BFW''') is a bi-annual fashion event held in Bangalore, India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangalore Fashion Week is bigger and better|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_bangalore-fashion-week-is-bigger-and-better_1502509 |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] |date=3 February 2011 }}</ref> Established in 2009, The name Bangalore Fashion Week follows the international practice of christening the fashion week event after the name of the city in which it is being held.

The participation to Bangalore Fashion Week is 'by invitation only' and each participating designer has to undergo a stringent jury which selects the designer on the basis of the ingenuity of his design.
Bangalore fashion week is one of the biggest fashion events in India the event is managed by Dream Merchants

==Overview==
The Indian fashion scene is divided into 3 sectors – North, Central and South.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}

[[India Fashion Week]] occurs in Delhi, [[North India]], and the [[Lakme Fashion Week]] in Mumbai serves the Central sector Bangalore Fashion Week covers the south.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130320143539/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/life/Glamorous-India-on-display-30202048.html The Nation Newspaper]

==External links==
* [http://www.bangalorefashionweek.in/ Bangalore Fashion Week, website]
* [http://www.BFWWorldTour.com/ Bangalore Fashion Week - Dubai Edition, website]

[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Fashion weeks in India]]
[[Category:Organised events in Bengaluru]]

Ustad Faiyaz Khan (Karnataka singer)

2025-11-07T02:06:33Z

NicolasBull1: made initial entry more to come...

{{Short description|Indian musician, born 1968}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Ustad Faiyaz Khan]] (1886–1950)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ustad Faiyaz Khan
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| landscape = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|2|17}}
| birth_place = [[Dharwad]], India
| origin =
| death_place =
| genre =
| occupation = Singer, Musician
| instrument =
| years_active = 
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website = 
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
}}
'''Ustad Faiyaz Khan''' (born 17 February 1968 in [[Dharwad]], India) is an Indian vocalist, [[Sarangi]] artiste and a tabla player who sings [[Hindustani music]]. He is well known for rendering [[Khyal]] music & sarangi solos and also well known for Kannada ''Dasar pada & vachanas '' <ref name=thehindu/><ref name=bangaloremirror>{{cite news |title=Khan can sing vachanas |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/lounge/khan-can-sing-vachanas/articleshow/21518789.cms |accessdate=19 August 2018 |work=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/a-confluence-of-two-streams/article31899294.ece | title=A confluence of two streams | newspaper=The Hindu | date=23 June 2020 | last1=Narasimhan | first1=Sakuntala }}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born on 17 February 1968 at [[Dharwad]] into a family of [[Kirana gharana]] musicians. He is 8th generation musicians in his family. He started his [[Sarangi]] and Vocal practice at the small age under his father's guidance. At the age of 6, he started tabla practice under the guidance of Pt. Basavaraj Bendigeri and continued his training under Ustad Nizamuddin Khan, Ustad Mamulal Sangoankar. he was a child prodigy. he started accompanying tabla with all the senior musicians at very young age .<ref name=starofmysore>{{cite news |title=I have practiced Sarangi in graveyards and temples, says Ustad Faiyaz Khan - Star of Mysore |url=https://starofmysore.com/practiced-sarangi-graveyards-temples-says-ustad-faiyaz-khan/ |accessdate=19 August 2018 |work=Star of Mysore |date=4 March 2018}}</ref> His Hindustani vocal guru is Pandit Ranganath Joshi and he was tutored in [[Sarangi]] by Pandit [[Ram Narayan]] in [[Mumbai]] after his father demise.<ref name=meetkalakar>{{cite web |title=Book Faiyaz Khan for event {{!}} Request Faiyaz Khan for performance {{!}} Learn Hindustani Classical Vocal, Kathak, Tabla, Light Vocal, Flute, Harmonium, Sitar, Modern dance forms, Bharatnatyam |url=http://meetkalakar.com/Artist/839-Faiyaz-Khan |website=meetkalakar.com |accessdate=18 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=thehindu>{{cite news |last1=Bharathan |first1=Hemjith |title=A pitch for the sarangi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/a-pitch-for-the-sarangi/article6845244.ece |accessdate=18 August 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=1 February 2015 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1995, he came to [[Bengaluru]] in search of better opportunities. Ustad faiyaz khan has performed across the country in many prestigious music festival .<ref name=bangaloremirror/> When he moved to Bangalore in 1995 and apart from his Indian Classical Concerts he also established himself as an accomplished contributor in the South Indian Film Industry. He has worked with famous music directors like [[A. R. Rahman]], [[Rajan–Nagendra]], Vijay Bhasakar, [[Hamsalekha]], M.M Keervani, Raman Goukula and others. He also sung numerous title songs for Television Serials and Movies. He has composed music for several Kathak ballets for many noted [[kathak]] dancers. He is an accomplished Performing Artist and has travelled across the globe and performed at various prestigious venues in [[Malaysia]], [[Dubai]], [[China]], [[Singapore]], [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Europe]], [[Canada]]. Today he is amongst the few Musicians in India who has the distinction of being recognised as a Vocalist, Instrumentalist and an extremely meticulous and inspiring teacher imparting the knowledge and keeping alive the finer aspects of the traditions of the [[Kirana Gharana]]. He is actively involved with own music academy, Parveen Begum Smruti Music & Edu trust (R)in Bengaluru where students are trained in Hindustani classical music in the traditional Gurukul system. Ustad Faiyaz Khan has also worked as president of Sangeetha Nirthya Academy (Karnataka)

==Family background==
Ustad Faiyaz Khan's family origin traces back to [[Gwalior]]. His grandfather Ustad shaik Abdulla Khan was a [[Sarangi]] maestro & has served as a court musicians in the courts of Gwalior, Mysore Maharaja and [[Nawabs of Hyderabad]] and he used to accompany [[Abdul Karim Khan]] and His father Ustad Abdul khader Khan was [[All India Radio]] staff artist in (Dharwad) who was also a [[Sarangi]] maestro. Also, his mother was a [[Sarangi]] player and was a vocalist.<ref name=meetkalakar/><ref name=thehindu/><ref name=starofmysore/>

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song !! Film !! Co-singer !!Notes
|-
| Raakilithan (opening lines ''Barasu barasu badhuraa aasha ki bhoonden'') || [[Perumazhakkalam]] || [[M. Jayachandran]] ||
|}

==Parveen Begum Musical and Education Trust(R)==
He has set up a trust named ''Parveen Begum Music and Education Trust'' in the memory of his late wife Parveen Begum who died in car accident on 25 October 2012. The trust gives a platform for budding music talents to showcase their talents to the world.<ref name=thehindu/>

==Awards and honours==
* KEMPEGOWDA AWARD
* KARNATAKA KALASHREE
* All India Radio national music award in 1989.<ref name=meetkalakar/>
* Arya Bhatta Award for TV Serial
* Pt. Putturaj Krupabhushan Samman
* Kerala Govt. State Award.
* KARNATAKA STATE AWARD
* Best String Instrument Player Awarded from (Bangalore music academy)
* Kala Kaumudi (sanskriti Vidyapeetha banglore)
* Kalavatamsa
* Uva puraskar (Kaladarpan)
* Nirman purandara Sangeetha ratna award (2020)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.coastaldigest.com/crime-and-crash/46583-car-crash-leaves-ustad-faiyaz-injured-wife-dead]
* [https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sunday-herald-art-culture/a-confluence-of-talent-and-rigour-966822.html]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlG8oYlJISg]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqWdgTjwcBE]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nn3clnn5PT8]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuM1zpxug3o]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ustad Faiyaz}}
[[Category:Singers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Dharwad]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sarangi players]]

Nuzvid

2025-10-19T04:12:17Z

NicolasBull1: adding initial entry nd citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nuzvid
| official_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = File:Nuzvid Fort Gate.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Nuzvid Fort Gate
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.7881|N|80.8465|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eluru district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nuzvid mandal|Nuzvid]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_footnotes = <ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175528/http://dtcp.ap.gov.in:9090/webdtcp/Municipalities%20List-110.pdf|archive-date=28 January 2016|format=PDF}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = Nuziveedu Municipality
| leader_title = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name = Kolusu Partha Sarathi // TDP
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=civicbody />
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8.69
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 81
| population_total = 1,48,590
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=630278|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=24 July 2014}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages = Telugu
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = AP 39
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh (25)|Lok Sabha constituency]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Assembly constituency]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Nuzvid (Assembly constituency)|Nuzvid]]
| website = [http://www.nuzvidthemangocity.com www.nuzvidthemangocity.com]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nuzvid''', natively spelled '''Nuzividu''' or '''Nuziveedu''' is a city in the [[Eluru district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It serves as the administrative headquarters for [[Nuzvid mandal]] and [[Nuzvid revenue division]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Administrative Setup|url=http://krishna.nic.in/admin-setup.aspx|publisher=Krishna District Official Website|access-date=20 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223104/http://krishna.nic.in/admin-setup.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Krishna District Mandals |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part31.pdf|publisher=Census of India|access-date=18 January 2015|page=486|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Nuzvid is located at {{Coord|16.7881|N|80.8465|E}}. It has an average elevation of {{Convert|81|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Nuzvid.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nuzvid, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2014}} [[Census of India]], the town had a population of 132,590. There were 66,117 males and 66,473 females — a sex ratio of 1012 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Sex Ratio |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=1 September 2014}}</ref> 5,213 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 2,606 are boys and 2,607 are girls—a ratio of 1000 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 82.37%, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.<ref name=population /><ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-3.pdf|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|access-date=1 September 2014|format=PDF}}</ref>

== Governance ==

'''Civic administration'''

Nuzvid [[municipality]] is the civic body of the city. It is a ''I–Grade Municipality'', which was constituted in the year 1983. It is spread over an area of {{convert|28.69|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} and has 32 election wards.<ref name=civicbody />

== Economy ==
[[File:Fields near Nuzvid.jpg|left|thumb|
Fields near Nuzvid
]]

The [[Mango]] [[orchards]] are in abundance with [[Chinna rasalu]], [[Banginapalli]], [[Totapuri (mango)|Totapuri]] varieties, those are even exported to foreign countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srinivas|first1=Rajulapudi|title=Bumper harvest of mangoes likely|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/bumper-harvest-of-mangoes-likely/article4669782.ece|access-date=17 July 2015|work=The Hindu|date=30 April 2013 |location=Nuzvid (Krishna District)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=B. MADHU GOPAL |title=Mangoes up for grabs |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052601130100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030611022952/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/26/stories/2003052601130100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 June 2003|access-date=17 July 2015|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=26 May 2003}}</ref> It even generates revenue for [[Vijayawada railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]], in terms of freight loading. In the year, 2009–10, 34,314 tonnes of mangoes were loaded to generate an income of {{INRConvert|5.12|c|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Susarala|first1=Ramesh|title=Record revenue from mango loading at Nuzvid|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/record-revenue-from-mango-loading-at-nuzvid/article4742512.ece|access-date=21 July 2015|work=The Hindu|date=23 May 2013|location=Vijayawada}}</ref>

== Transport ==

The town has a total road length of {{Convert|153.60|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Details of Roads in Each ULB of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|website=Commissioner and Directorate of Municipal Administration|publisher=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department – Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=28 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2016}}</ref> The [[Tiruvuru]] road connects it with [[NH 221]] in the north-west and the [[Hanuman Junction]] road connects it to [[National Highway 5 (India, old numbering)|NH 5]] in the south-east.<ref name=map>{{cite web|title=Krishna District Mandals |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part31.pdf|publisher=Census of India |access-date=16 July 2015|pages=525|format=PDF}}</ref> The [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] operates bus services from Nuzvid bus station.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations in Districts|url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx|website=Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> [[Nuzvid railway station]] is under the jurisdiction of [[Vijayawada railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]]. It is situated on the [[Howrah-Chennai main line]].<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/2507|title=Nuzvid railway station|access-date=26 June 2014|website=indiarailinfo}}</ref>

==Bus Transport==
* Nuzvid have Bus Depot and bus stand operated by [[APSRTC]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* Mainly buses are operated to different routes like [[Vijayawada]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Bangalore]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Kadapa]], [[Bhadrachalam]], [[Tirupati|Tirupathi]] and [[Yerra Gondapalam]], [[Satthupally]], [[Machilipatnam]].{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}
* Every 20 mins we have NON-Stop Buses to Vijayawada.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Railway Station==
* Nuzvid station is far away from Nuzvid town (20 km away) at Hanuman Junction, it is located between in Chennai and Howarh railway route.
* From Nuzvid station nearly 15+ trains will halt at Nuzvid Station and 50+ trains will cross the station on daily basis.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

== Education ==
[[File:Nuzvid MR Apparao Bhavan.jpg|thumb|]]
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=7 November 2016|format=PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107220545/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|website=www.ap.gov.in|access-date=7 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/|archive-date=7 November 2016}}</ref> The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

Nuzvid is an educational centre for the surrounding areas with colleges including [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid]], [[Krishna University]], Sarathi Inst. of Technology, Nuzvid Polytechnic.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

== See also ==
*[[List of villages in Krishna district#N|Villages in Nuzvid mandal]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nuzvid}}

{{Mandal headquarters in Krishna district}}{{Urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh}}{{Nobility of the Raj}}
{{Krishna district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Krishna district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Krishna district]]
[[Category:Towns in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]]

Diocese of Jhabua

2025-08-24T22:02:54Z

NicolasBull1: put up a entry

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Jhabua
|latin = Dioecesis Jhabuensis
|country = {{flag|India}}
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhopal|Bhopal]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhopal|Bhopal]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of the Annunciation in [[Jhabua]]
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 = 21,366
|population = 4,216,482
|population_as_of = 2006
|catholics = 32,202
|catholics_percent= 0.8
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Peter Rumal Kharadi]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|metro_archbishop = [[Alangaram Arockia Sebastian Durairaj]]
|apostolic_admin =
|website = [http://www.jhabuadiocese.org/ Website of the Diocese]
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Jhabua''' ({{langx|la| Jhabuen(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Jhabua]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhopal|Bhopal]] in India.

==History==
* 25 March 2002: Established as Diocese of Jhabua from the [[Diocese of Indore]] and [[Diocese of Udaipur]]

==Bishops==
* Chacko Thottumarickal, [[Society of the Divine Word|S.V.D.]] (25 March 2002 – 24 October 2008)
* Devprasad John Ganawa, S.V.D. (11 May 2009 – 21 December 2012)
* [[Basil Bhuriya]], S.V.D. (18 July 2015 – 6 May 2021)
* Peter Rumal Kharadi (30 December 2023<ref>{{cite press release | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2023/12/30/231230c.html | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 31 December 2023 | date = 30 December 2023 | title = Resignations and Appointments, 30.12.2023 }}</ref> – present)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jhab0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djhab.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.jhabuadiocese.org/ Diocese website ]
{{coord|22.7728|N|74.5922|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jhabua}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2002]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Christianity in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jhabua]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

Randol, Uttar Pradesh

2025-08-17T18:02:23Z

NicolasBull1: adding a data first draft

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
'''Randol''' is a village situated in [[Muzaffarabad Assembly constituency|Muzaffarabad]] Block [[Saharanpur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saharanpur News: रंडौल में तनाव खत्म, बोर्ड पर नहीं लिखे जाएंगे जाति सूचक शब्द |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/tension-ends-in-randol-caste-indicator-words-will-not-be-written-on-the-board-saharanpur-news-c-30-1-smrt1014-7152-2023-08-03 |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RANDOL Pin Code - 247120, Behat All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search SAHARANPUR Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/randol-pincode-247120.html |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Randol BO Pin Code: Find Pin Code of Randol BO locality of Uttar Pradesh - NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/tools/pincodes/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/randol-bo |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

It is about 17.7 km from Saharanpur city and 24.3 km from [[Sarsawa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uco Bank Randol Uttar Pradesh IFSC Code, MICR Code: Know all details for Uco Bank Randol in Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India.com |url=https://www.india.com/ifsc-code/uco-bank/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/randol/ |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=India TV News |title=Randol Pin Code {{!}} Postal Code (Zip Code) of Randol, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/randol |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref> The Randol has population of 6,500 while 1,200 households as per report released by [[UCO Bank|UCO bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bank |first=UCO |title=Village list Population more than 2000 |url=https://www.ucobank.com/pdf/Village_list-Population-more-than-2000.pdf |website=UCObank Sr No. - 1369}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Villages in Saharanpur district]]

{{Saharanpur-geo-stub}}

Sonbain Ashapati

2025-08-15T12:01:15Z

NicolasBull1: added first article first draft!

{{Short description|Mountain in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Sonbain Ashapati
| photo = Mt. Sonbain Ashapati, Bhaderwah.jpg
| photo_caption = Mt. Sonbain Ashapati, near Bhaderwah, District Doda, J&K, India.
| elevation_m = 3983
| elevation_ref = <ref>{{Cite news|title=JAMMU: UNKNOWN GEMS|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/jammu-unknown-gems/|date=4 July 2017|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook (magazine)]]|access-date=20 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172859/https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/ot-getaway-guides/jammu-unknown-gems/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref=
| location = [[Doda district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| range = [[Middle Himalayas]]
| map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir
| map_alt =
| label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|32.862477|N|75.698274|E|type:mountain_region:IN-JK_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sonbain coordinates|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/32%C2%B051'44.9%22N+75%C2%B041'53.8%22E/@32.862477,75.698274,17z/data=!4m4!3m3!8m2!3d32.862477!4d75.698274|publisher=[[Google Maps]]|access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>
| range_coordinates =
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}

'''Sonbain Ashapati''' (or simply '''Sonbain''') is a mountain [[massif]] in the [[Middle Himalayas]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]], southeast of the town of [[Bhaderwah]] near the border with [[Himachal Pradesh]].{{cn|date=April 2025}} The [[Neeru river]] originates from the Ashapati glacier. The mountain massif lies on the inter-state border between Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, at the trisection of the [[Doda district|Doda]], [[Kathua district|Kathua]] and [[Chamba district|Chamba]] districts.

==Etymology==
The Sonbain word is derived from two [[Bhaderwahi language|Bhaderwahi]] words, ''son'' meaning 'golden' and ''bain'' meaning 'spring'.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 October 2012|first=Sadaket|last=Malik|title=Bhalessa heritage an eye opner|url=https://www.slideshare.net/maliksadaket/bhalessa-heritage-an-eye-opner}}</ref>

==Geography==
On the [[Chattergala Pass|Bhaderwah-Bani-Basholi road]], Guldanda is a large ridge, from where the Sonbain Ashapati peak can be climbed. The Ashapati glacier, which gives birth to the [[Neeru river]], is located to the left of this ridge.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sadaq|first=Mohd|title=Hidden beauty of Bhaderwah Valley|url=https://www.thenorthernherald.com/newsdetail/32827/jammu/hidden-beauty-of-bhaderwah-valley-|date=18 October 2021|publisher=The Northern Herald|access-date=20 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173205/https://www.thenorthernherald.com/newsdetail/32827/jammu/hidden-beauty-of-bhaderwah-valley-|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Doda district]]
[[Category:Kathua district]]
[[Category:Chamba district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

Bahu Begum ka Maqbara

2025-08-14T04:07:17Z

NicolasBull1: updated section for consistency based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Bahu Begum ka Maqbara
| native_language = Hindi
| image = Bahu Begum ka Maqbara.jpg
| image_size = 250 px
| caption = Tomb of Unmatuzzohra Bano Begum alias Bahu Begum
| designation1 =
| designation1_date =
| designation1_number =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1value = {{IND}}
| location = [[Faizabad]], [[Ayodhya district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|26|45|58|N|082|08|40|E|display=inline,title|type:landmark_scale:50}}
| elevation = {{convert|335|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| built = 1816<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mustseeindia.com/Faizabad-Mausoleum-of-Bahu-Begum/attraction/13637|title=Mausoleum of Bahu Begum|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205192705/http://www.mustseeindia.com/Faizabad-Mausoleum-of-Bahu-Begum/attraction/13637|archive-date=5 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| architect = Darab Ali Khan{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}
| architecture = [[Nawab]]i`
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
}}

'''Bahu Begum ka Maqbara,''' the [[Tomb]] of the Queen Bride '''Begum Unmatuzzohra Bano''' alias '''Bahu Begum,''' is a memorial built for the queen of Nawab [[Shuja-ud-Daula]]. It is one of the tallest buildings in [[Faizabad]] of the [[Ayodhya district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and is a notable example of non-Mughal Muslim architecture. Sadly, this monument is a victim of neglect and is depleting.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

== History ==

Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=PRAJÑÅDHARA |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/umraojan/txt_bautze_2009.pdf |publisher=www.columbia.edu}}</ref>

The Mausoleum of Bahu Begum, built by Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula in memory of his loving wife, is famous for the creative architectural brilliance with which it was designed and constructed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upenvis.nic.in/Tourism.htm |title=Environmental Information System Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Directorate of Environment U.P. |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221172635/http://upenvis.nic.in/tourism.htm |archivedate=2011-12-21 }}</ref> Shuja-ud-Daula's wife was well known as Bahu Begum, who married the [[Nawab]] in 1743 and continued to reside in [[Faizabad]], her residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at [[Jawaharbagh]] lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816. It is considered to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in [[Avadh]], which was built at the cost of three lakh rupees by her chief advisor [[Darab Ali Khan]]. A fine view of the city is obtainable from the top of the Begum's tomb. Bahu Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank, bearing dignity. Most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her. From the date of Bahu Begum's death in 1815 till the annexation of Avadh, the city of Faizabad gradually fell into decay. The glory of Faizabad was eclipsed with the shifting of capital from Faizabad to [[Lucknow]] by Nawab [[Asaf-ud-Daula]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faizabad.nic.in/history.htm|title=Welcome to Faizabad History|publisher=official website of Faizabad district|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228201603/http://faizabad.nic.in/history.htm|archive-date=28 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

::"Bahu Begum" (H.H. Nawab 'Umat uz-Zohra Begum Sahiba) was the widow of the third Nawab of Avadh or Oudh, Shuja-ud-Daula (H.H. Shuja ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Jalal ud-din Haidar Khan Bahadur, Nawab Wazir of Oudh, r. 1754-75). Her maqbara, "the finest building of the kind in Oudh" (Carnegy, Woodburn & Noble 1870: 26) was not completed before 1858. This date is important since Umrao Jan expressively mentions that her father worked there as "jamadar". In "A Historical Sketch of Tahsil Fyzabad, Zillah Fyzabad, including Parganas Haveli Oudh and Pachhimrath, with the old Capitals Ajudhia and Fyzabad, Pargana Mangalsi and Pargana [[Amsin]]" (Lucknow 1870), the account on this monument is as follows: "The Bahu Begam's Mausoleum. It was arranged by treaty between the British Government, the Bahu Begam, and the Nawáb of Oudh, that 3 lacs of sicca Rs. of her riches, were to be set apart for the erection by her confidential servant Daráb Alí Khán, of her tomb, and that the revenue of the villages to the aggregate amount of sicca Rs. 10,000 per annum, were to be assigned for its support. The Begam died on the 27th of January 1816. Daráb Alí laid the foundations and built the plinth, when he also died, on the 10th of August 1818. Panáh Alí, vakíl, and Mirzá Haider, the son of an adopted daughter, then carried on the work through a series of years when, with the completion of the brick work, the grant of 3 lacs came to an end, and the beautiful edifice remained unfinished till after the mutiny of 1857." (ibid.: 26).

==Monuments in Ayodhya==
The [[Nawab]]s graced [[Ayodhya]] with several buildings, notable among them are the Gulab Bari, the Moti Mahal and the Bahu Begum ka Maqbara.

[[Gulab Bari]] is a building standing in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faizabad.nic.in/history.htm|title=Welcome to Faizabad History|publisher=official website of Faizabad district|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228201603/http://faizabad.nic.in/history.htm|archive-date=28 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The tomb was built in 1816 from white marble and was an attempt to recreate the grandeur of the Taj Mahal at a cost of Rs 3 lakhs. The marble used almost 200 years ago still shines its brightest and provides the Mausoleum of Bahu Begum an aura of immortality. Rising up to 42 meters, the tomb also affords view of the Ayodhya town and its surroundings. This royal monument in memory of a dignified woman has been maintained well and even today the care taken by the Archaeological department is evident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mustseeindia.com/Faizabad-Mausoleum-of-Bahu-Begum/attraction/13637|title=Mausoleum of Bahu Begum|access-date=10 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205192705/http://www.mustseeindia.com/Faizabad-Mausoleum-of-Bahu-Begum/attraction/13637|archive-date=5 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> In this tomb (Gulab Bari) had been hidden the treasure of jewellery belonging to Begum Khurshid Mahal, the mother of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah. The value of this jewellery treasure was Rs. 80 lakhs (eight million), which was a phenomenal, unimaginable fortune in the 1850s. This invaluable treasure was looted and despoiled by Colonel Hunt, a British army officer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/specials/2218_1857_places/page6.shtml|title=1857 के विद्रोह के अहम केंद्र|publisher =BBC}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Gulab Bari.jpg|[[Gulab Bari]], the tomb of [[Shuja-ud-Daula]], husband of Bahu Begum.
File:Lamppost.jpg| A lamppost with the royal fish motif inside Maqbara
File:Facade of maqabara.JPG|Facade of Maqbara
File:View of Bahu Begum's Maqbara.JPG|Another view of Maqbara
File:Ramparts of Maqbara.JPG|Ramparts of Maqbara
File:Maqbara with palm trees.JPG|Main entrance way of Maqbara, lined with palm trees
File:Inside bahu begum ka maqbara.jpg|Stucco work on the ceiling of Maqbara
File:Maqbara of Queen Bride.JPG |Exterior facade of Maqbara
File:Arched entrance.JPG |Arched entrance to the halls inside Maqbara.
File:Chamber inside maqabara.JPG|A hall inside Maqbara, where 'Majlis' (religious gatherings) are held.
File:Gatewayfzd.JPG|Photograph taken of the main gateway entrance of Bahu Begum ka Maqbara in Nov 2010.
File:The Maqbara.JPG| Maqbara
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Faizabad]]
[[Category:Mughal tombs]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1816]]
[[Category:1816 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Tombs in Uttar Pradesh]]

Bigra

2025-08-02T16:36:14Z

NicolasBull1: Creating Initial Article First Draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bigra
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1863
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_total_km2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713127
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 0342
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhatar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatar]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| other_name =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|24|58.3|N|87|45|48.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| area_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Bigra''' is a village in [[Bhatar (community development block)|Bhatar]], a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal, India.<ref>{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook|year=1985|page=292|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9nRpjG7WFsC&q=Bigra,+District+Census+Handbook}}</ref>

== Population ==
[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]]: Scheduled Castes were 31.40% and Scheduled Tribes 14.17% of the population in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables|title=Census tables | publisher=Government of India|access-date=2024-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman|url=http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|archive-date=21 January 2019|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=Table 2.2|publisher=Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Particulars
!Total
!Male
!Female
|-
|Total no. of houses
|'''434'''
| -
| -
|-
|Population
|'''1,863'''
|933
|930
|-
|Child (0–6)
|'''197'''
|105
|92
|-
|Schedule Caste
|'''585'''
|292
|293
|-
|Schedule Tribe
|'''264'''
|135
|129
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:West Bengal articles missing geocoordinate data]]

{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}

Dargah of Meerasaheb, Miraj

2025-06-18T20:35:51Z

NicolasBull1: put up a entry...

{{onesource|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
The '''Meerasaheb Dargah''' is located in [[Miraj]], in the Sangli district of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. The [[dargah]] is dedicated to Hazarat Meerasaheb, a [[Sufi saint]] who came to India from [[Saudi Arabia]],{{clarify|date=December 2024}} and his son Hazarat Shamsuddin Hussein. It is a common site of worship of both [[Hindus|Hindu]] and Islamic communities in Miraj. The dargah complex contains a Hindu [[mandir]], a mosque, and a vegetable garden. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meerasaheb Darga, Miraj {{!}} District Sangli, Government of Maharashtra {{!}} India |url=https://sangli.nic.in/tourist-place/meerasaheb-darga-miraj/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

This religious place in [[sangli]] is a must-visit attraction. Every year URS is celebrated <ref>{{Cite web |title=URS is celebrated
|url=https://sangli.nic.in/tourist-place/meerasaheb-darga-miraj/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>with hosts a music festival featuring performance by talented musicians.
<ref>{{Cite web |title=hosts a music festival featuring performance by talented musicians |url=https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/miraj-dargah-1/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Dargahs in Maharashtra]]

{{India-religious-struct-stub}}

Sudhakar Ram

2025-04-28T06:42:26Z

NicolasBull1: added new entry basic info

{{short description|Indian businessman (1960-2020)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudhakar Ram
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1960|9|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date = {{dda|2020|11|8|1960|9|8|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Group CEO and Managing Director, Mastek
| alma_mater = [[Loyola College, Chennai]] [[IIM Calcutta]]
| spouse = Girija Ram<ref name=economictimes />
| children = 1<ref name=economictimes />
}}
'''Sudhakar Ram''' (8 September 1960 – 8 November 2020), was the Group CEO and Managing Director of Mastek, a software company.<ref name=mastek>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mastek.co.in/board-of-directors |title=Board Of Directors |work=Mastek |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> He was awarded CNBC Asia's ‘India Business Leader of the Year’ in 2007. He is the lead contributor to the blog - The New Constructs.<ref name=iifl>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/research-leader-speak/sudhakar-ram-chairman-managing-director-and-ceo-mastek-ltd-33044473_1.html |title=Sudhakar Ram, Chairman, Managing Director and CEO, Mastek Ltd|work=indiainfoline.com |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> Sudhakar Ram recently published "The Connected Age", a book based on the world's dystopian environment.<ref name=economictimes>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-18/news/49237018_1_iim-calcutta-girija-mastek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420103524/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-18/news/49237018_1_iim-calcutta-girija-mastek |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 April 2014 |title=Five experiences that have shaped Sudhakar Ram, CEO of Mastek |work=The Economic Times |date=18 April 2014 |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sudhakar Ram was born on 8 September 1960 in [[Chennai]]. His early childhood and schooling was in [[Delhi]] and [[Kolkata]]. When he was eight, his family moved to Chennai. Sudhakar Ram graduated in Commerce from [[Loyola College, Chennai]] and completed his [[MBA]] from [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM Calcutta]]. He was the silver medalist at [[IIM-C]].<ref name=mastek /> At IIM-C, he developed a keen interest in computers.<ref name=economictimes />

== Career ==
Prior to joining Mastek, he served as the Chief Information Officer of Rediffusion Dentsu Young & Rubicam. Sudhakar Ram, along with three graduates from [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]] (IIM-A), Ashank Desai, Ketan Mehta and R. Sundar, started Mastek in May 1982.<ref name=iifl />

== Personal life ==
Sudhakar met his wife Girija while pursuing his MBA at IIM Calcutta. He has a daughter named Samvitha.<ref name=economictimes />

== Awards and recognition ==
* 2007: CNBC Asia's India Business Leader of the year.<ref name=mastek /><ref name=iifl />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Sudhakar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Calcutta alumni]]

Abraxas irrorata

2025-04-10T11:30:03Z

NicolasBull1: Creating Initial Pg Basic Info

{{Short description|Species of moth}}

{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Abraxas irrorata
| authority = [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1867
| synonyms = ''Abraxas diaphana'' Warren, 1893
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=cat/>
}}
'''''Abraxas irrorata''''' is a [[species]] of [[moth]] belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Geometer moth|Geometridae]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADW: Abraxas irrorata: CLASSIFICATION |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Abraxas_irrorata/classification/ |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=animaldiversity.org}}</ref><ref name=cat>{{Catalogue of Life
|id=92QXC
|title=Abraxas irrorata Moore, 1868
|option=
|access-date= 10 April 2025
}}</ref> It was first described in 1867 by British [[Entomology|entomologist]] [[Frederic Moore]]. It is known from [[Darjeeling]], [[Sikkim]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abraxas irrorata Moore, [1868] - {{!}} Moths |url=https://www.mothsofindia.org/abraxas-irrorata |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=www.mothsofindia.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q13221352}}

[[Category:Abraxini]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1867]]

{{Geometridae-stub}}

Asia New Star Model Festival - Face of India

2025-02-25T13:30:33Z

NicolasBull1: improved article

{{Orphan|date=September 2016}}

Face of India founded by Badal Saboo<ref name="NRInews24x7">{{cite web|title=Face of India Season 2 in Pune - NRInews24x7|url=http://nrinews24x7.com/face-of-india-season-2-in-pune/|publisher=NRInews24x7}}</ref> is [[Asia]]’s largest model hunt platform where aspiring models from all over the country participate to be the next face of international fashion<ref name="faceofindia">{{cite web|title=Face of India|url=http://www.faceofindia.in/about-contest}}</ref>

This year, 2016, was the second time that India participated in the Asia New Star Model Contest.[[Pune]] Fashion Week partnered with [[Korea]] Model Association [KMA] to announce the dates.<ref name="NRInews24x7"/> [[Face of Nepal|Nepal]] has a similar contest also created by Badal Saboo.

Pune Fashion Week, a group company had joined hands with Korea Model Association (KMA) to give Indian fashion models & designers international exposure. As a part of this association, model auditions are held pan-India in top cities to search for the Face of India. The winners stand a chance to represent [[India]] at the Asia Festival.<ref name="nrinews24x71">{{cite web|title=India opens up new avenue for upcoming talent, ties up with Korea Model Association|url=http://nrinews24x7.com/news_fash_pfw2014111201.html|publisher=nrinews24x7|access-date=2016-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306044813/http://nrinews24x7.com/news_fash_pfw2014111201.html|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>

KMA has been organizing Asia’s largest Model Festival called Asia Model Festival for the past 10 years.<ref name="punekarnews">{{cite web|title=Face of India 2016 season 2 in Pune|date=12 February 2016 |url=http://www.punekarnews.in/face-of-india-season-2-in-pune/|publisher=punekarnews}}</ref>

The Face of India 2016 pageant took place on 14 February 2016 at [[Amanora Park Town|Amanora Town Center]], [[Pune]]. Rishabh Bajaj and Riddhi Kumar won the title and will represent India at Asia’s New Star Model Contest to be held on 22 May 2016 at [[Suwon]], [[South Korea]]. 25 countries will participate in the event. First runner-up titles went to Jitesh Thakur & Surabhi Nigam while Ankush Kukreja & Reena Barot finished as second runners-up.<ref name="thegreatpageantcommunity">{{cite web|title=Face of India 2016 Winners|date=19 February 2016 |url=http://thegreatpageantcommunity.com/2016/02/19/face-of-india-2016-winners-full-results/|publisher=thegreatpageantcommunity}}</ref>

The jury comprised some prominent names - International model [[Elena Fernandez (model)|Elena Fernandez]], founder of Pune Fashion Week Badal Saboo, leading fashion designer [[Nivedita Saboo]] and Delegates from Korea, along with Rohit Gupta and Vikram Kotnis.<ref name="desijam">{{cite web|title=India gets into the race of Asia New Star Model Contest|url=http://desijam.in/india-gets-into-the-race-of-asia-new-star-model-contest/|publisher=desijam|access-date=2016-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306005234/http://desijam.in/india-gets-into-the-race-of-asia-new-star-model-contest/|archive-date=2016-03-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The event was witnessed by the city’s elite along with a fervent crowd at Amanora. The attending Korean families came dressed in beautiful traditional Korean attire to cheer the winners.<ref name="nrinews24x73">{{cite web|title=Face of India 2016: India gets into the race of Asia New Star Model Contest|url=http://nrinews24x7.com/face-of-india-2016/|publisher=nrinews24x7}}</ref>

The [[fashion industry]] now has their eyes on the Asia New Star Model Festival that’s set to be held in [[South Korea]] this May<ref name="globalprimenews">{{cite web|title=India gets into the race of Asia New Star Model Contest|date=21 February 2016 |url=http://globalprimenews.com/2016/02/21/face-of-india-season-2-india-gets-into-the-race-of-asia-new-star-model-contest/|publisher=globalprimenews}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Face of India}}
[[Category:Fashion events in India| ]]

Amrargar

2025-02-13T14:27:59Z

NicolasBull1:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amarargar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|25|50.6|N|87|35|01.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4,937
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code = 03452
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ausgram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ausgram]]
}}
'''Amarargar''' (more appropriately Amragarh, as per the Bengali spelling) is a village in [[Ausgram II]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision]] of the [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], India.

==History==
Around the 11th century, King Mahindranath ruled from his fort at Amrargar. One can see the elementary remains of the foundation of a fort.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://bardhaman.gov.in/tourism/tourism.htm |title = Bardhaman district | work= Tourism |publisher= Bardhaman district administration | access-date = 26 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Series 20, Part XIIA | work = Page 126, Places of Historical Importance | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 March 2017}}</ref>

According to [[Binoy Ghosh]], it is said that a [[rishi]] (sage) named Bhallupada established a kingdom at Bhalki (a village also in Ausgram II CD block and near Amrargar) around 10th-11th century. He extended his kingdom over a large area. His son was Gopal and his grandson/ great-grandson was Mahendranath (or Mahindranath according to some). Mahendranath's kingdom is believed to have extended from [[Katwa]] to [[Panchet Hill|Panchakot]], in what is now mostly a part of [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]] and [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]] districts. King Mahendranath's fort was named after his queen Amaravati. The entire area was known as [[Gopbhum]] or the territory of the [[Sadgop]]s. It is said that the possible defeat of Ichhai Ghosh, who held sway over large parts of [[Gopbhum]], at the hands of [[Moyna, Purba Medinipur#History|Lau Sen]], helped Mahendranath to extend his territories. In the course of time, the Amrargar family branched out to Dignagar, Bhalki and Kanksa. According to the poets of that area in that period, the rulers of Amrargar were great warriors who could hold on against powerful invaders for 6-7 centuries. They held sway till around the 17th century, when they were defeated by the Rajas of Bardhaman.<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, pages 111-116, Prakash Bhaban</ref>

See also - [[Gourangapur]] for information on Ichhai Ghosh

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=400| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|23|11|N|87|45|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical site, W: river project, C: craft centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|14|0|N|87|52|0|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Bardhaman | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Bardhaman]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|30|0|N|87|45|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Guskara| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Guskara]] (M)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|15|12|N|87|50|19|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Goda | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Goda, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|16|6|N|87|52|21|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Bahir Sarbamangala | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Bahir Sarbamangala]] (CT)|shape-color4=#A40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|17|4|N|87|52|54|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Mirzapur | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mirzapur, Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|15|10|N|87|53|30|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Nari | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Nari, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|13|6|N|87|55|0|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Gangpur | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Gangpur]] (CT)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|25|25|N|87|32|33|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Raipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Raipur, Purba Bardhaman]] (CT)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|24|30|N|87|32|50|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Bud Bud | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Bud Bud]] (CT)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|23|30|N|87|32|50|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Sukdal | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Sukdal]] (CT)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|27|7|N|87|33|10|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11=Mankar| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Mankar]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|30|56|N|87|39|42|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Ausgram| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Ausgram, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|25|11|N|87|55|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13=Bhatar| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bhatar]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|20|43|N|87|41|8|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Galsi| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Galsi, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|26|20|N|87|35|1|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Amrargar| numbered15=R| mark-title15= Amrargar (R)|shape-color15=black| label-size15=13|label-color15=black 
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|18|33|N|87|52|14|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Kamnara| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Kamnara]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|11|19|N|87|58|12|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Barshul| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Barshul]] (R)| shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|15|45|N|87|58|42|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18=Hatgobindapur| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Hatgobindapur]] (R)| shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|32|30|N|87|37|23|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Bononabagram| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Bononabagram]] (R)| shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|22|16|N|87|37|39|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20=Pursha| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Pursha]] (R)| shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|20|15|N|87|58|47|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21=Kurmun| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Kurmun]] (R)| shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|26|7|N|87|36|9|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=Jamtara| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Jamtara, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|17|39|N|87|38|47|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=Adrahati| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Adrahati]] (R)| shape-color23=#C42222
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|34|19|N|87|38|59|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24=Pandu Rajar Dhibi| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Pandu Rajar Dhibi]] (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|22|8|N|87|28|15|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25=Randiha| numbered25=W| mark-title25= [[Randiha]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|27|51|N|87|42|1|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Dwariapur| numbered26=C| mark-title26= [[Dwariapur, Bardhaman]] (C)| shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|12|16|N|87|57|36|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Saktigarh| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Saktigarh, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color27=#C42222
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|11|11|N|88|0|57|E}} | label-pos28=top|label28=Palsit| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Palsit]] (R)| shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.2722|87.5665}}| label29=Damodar River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=45| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.5661|87.8404}}| label30=Ajay River| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=0| label-pos30=right| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Ausgram II CD block are located at Amrargar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work= Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 26 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2110 | title = BDO Offices under Burdwan District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 8 February 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181005055734/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2110 | archive-date = 5 October 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Urbanisation===
73.58% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 26.42% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the highest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Bardhaman district.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 25 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Amrargar had a total population of 4,937, of which 2,459 (50%) were males and 2,478 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 601. The total number of literates in Amrargar was 2,439 (56.25% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 26 February 2017 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[State Highway 14 (West Bengal)|State Highway 14]], running from Dubrajpur (in Birbhum district) to Betai (in Nadia district), passes through Amrargarh.<ref name=police>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 26 February 2017}}</ref><ref>Google Maps</ref>

==Culture==
Mahendranath, the ruler of Amrargar, had forcibly carried away an idol of ten-armed Singhabahini from the house of Jagat Singh, an [[Aguri (caste)|Ugra Kshatriya]] – it was established as Shibakhya Devi, the ruling deity of Amrargar's princely family. At Amrargar, Dugdheswar [[Shiva]] resides in a simple brick temple. The pancha ratna [[Narayana]] temple has wonderful carvings. The [[Durga]] temple is an attractive cottage built in the [[Rarh region]] village style.<ref name=binoyghosh/>

==Amrargar picture gallery==
[[File:Shibakhya Devi.jpg|alt=Deity of Amargar|thumb|391x391px|Devi Shibakhya]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Amrargarh, Ausgram II CD block}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]

Sulagiri (meteorite)

2025-02-01T22:45:53Z

NicolasBull1: added initial details from scratch

{{Short description|Meteorite found in India}}
{{Infobox meteorite
|Name = Sulagiri
|Image = Sulagiri meteorite, slice.jpg
|Image_caption = A slice of the meteorite
|Type = [[Chondrite]]
|Class = [[Ordinary chondrite]]
|Group =
|Structural_classification =
|Composition =
|Shock = S2
|Weathering =
|Country = [[India]]
|Region = Sulagiri, Krishnagiri District, [[Tamil Nadu]]
|Lat_Long = {{coord|12|02|00|N|78|02|00|E|display=inline,title}}
|Observed_fall = Yes
|Fall_date = 12 September 2008; 08:30 hours ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) (UTC+5.5)
|Found_date =
|TKW = >{{convert|110|kg|lbs}}
|Image2 =
|Image2_caption =
}}
'''Sulagiri''' is the official name of the [[meteorite]] which fell on 12 September 2008 in Sulagiri, Krishnagiri District, [[Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref name=usra.edu>{{cite web|title=Sulagiri|url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=48951|publisher=usra.edu|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="Star catching">{{cite web|title=Sulagiri|url=http://www.starcatching.com/mets.htm?sulagiri|publisher=Star catching|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref>

== History ==
On 12 September 2008, around 08:30 hours, from the north-west sky this meteorite fell, which was observed by several people residing in the villages around the town of Sulaguri. According to the eyewitnesses, they heard a screeching sound and a bang. It was followed by house shaking explosions. Bright flashes and smoke were also observed.<ref name=usra.edu />

Noble gases, nitrogen and cosmic ray exposure age of the Sulagiri chondrite.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal | last=Mahajan | first=Ramakant R. | title=Noble gases, nitrogen and cosmic ray exposure age of the Sulagiri chondrite | journal=Geoscience Frontiers | volume=8 | issue=1 | date=2017 | doi=10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.010 | pages=205–210| doi-access=free }}</ref> The cosmic ray exposure age of Sulagiri chondrite is 27.9 ± 3.4 Ma. Krypton and xenon isotopes indicate that heavy noble gases are mixture of various components. Nitrogen concentration in Sulagiri 0.35 ppm. The trapped nitrogen (corrected for cosmogenic) signature in Sulagiri is δ15N = −74 ± 24 (‰).<ref name="auto"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{meteorites}}
{{Meteorites by name}}

[[Category:September 2008 in India]]
[[Category:2000s in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Meteorites found in India]]

Aithihyamala

2024-11-07T20:56:35Z

NicolasBull1: typo fix

{{Short description|Folklore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{cleanup lang|date=December 2022}}
'''Aithihyamala''' or '''Ithihyamala''' ({{langx|ml|ഐതിഹ്യമാല}}) (''Garland of Legends'') is a collection of century-old stories from [[Kerala]] that cover a vast spectrum of life, famous persons and events. It is a collection of legends numbering over a hundred, about magicians and ''[[yakshi]]s'', feudal rulers and conceited poets, ''[[kalari]]'' or ''[[Kalaripayattu]]'' experts, practitioners of [[Ayurveda]] and courtiers; elephants and their mahouts, [[Yoga|tantric]] experts.<ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/lr/2006/10/01/stories/2006100100220300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010112620/http://www.hindu.com/lr/2006/10/01/stories/2006100100220300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-10-10|title=Retelling culture|date=2006-10-01|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2012-02-23}}</ref>

[[Kottarathil Sankunni]] (23 March 1855 – 22 July 1937), a Sanskrit-Malayalam scholar who was born in Kottayam in present-day Kerala, started documenting these stories in 1909. They were published in the [[Malayalam]] literary magazine, the ''[[Bhashaposhini]]'', and were collected in eight volumes and published in the early 20th century.

It includes popular tales such as about the twelve children of [[Vararuchi]] and Parayi (a woman of ''[[Paraiyar]]'' caste), ''[[Kayamkulam Kochunni]]'', ''[[Kadamattathu Kathanar]]'' among many others. The story of 12 children is popularly known as ''[[Parayi petta panthirukulam]]''.

==Index of Eight Parts==
''Book I''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Chempakassery Raajaavu
* 2. Kottayaththu Raajaavu
* 3. Mahaabhaashyam
* 4. [[Bhartṛhari]]
* 5. Adhyaathmaraamaayanam
* 6. [[Parayi petta panthirukulam]]
* 7. Thalakkulaththoor Bhattathiriyum Pazhur padippurayum
* 8. Vilwamangalaththu Swaamiyaar
* 9. Kaakkassery Bhattathiri
* 10. Muttassu Namboothiri
* 11. Puliyaampilly Namboori
* 12. Kallanthaattil Gurukkal
* 13. Kolaththiriyum Saamoothiriyum
* 14. Paandamparampaththu kodanbharaniyilaey uppumaanga
* 15. Mangalappilly Moothathum Punnayil Panikkarum
* 16. Kaaladiyil Bhattathiri
* 17. Venmani Namboorippaadanmaar
* 18. Kunchamanpottiyum Mattappally Namboothirippaadum
* 19. Vayakkara Achchan Mooss
* 20. Kozhikkottangaadi
* 21. Kidangoor Kandankoran
{{div col end}}
''Book II ''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. [[Kumaranalloor#Kumaranalloor Temple|Kumaranalloor Bhagavathi]]
* 2. Thirunakkara Devanum aviduththaey kaalayum
* 3. Bhavabhoothi
* 4. Vaagbhataachaaryar
* 5. Prabhakaran
* 6. Paathaayikkara Namboorimaar
* 7. Kaaraattu Namboori
* 8. Viddi! Kushmaandam
* 9. Kunchan Nambiaarudaey Ulbhavam
* 10. Valiya Parisha Shankaranaaraayana Chaakyaar
* 11. Aazhuvaanchery Thampraakkalum Mangalathhtu Shankaranum
* 12. Naalaekkaattu Pillamaar
* 13. [[Kayamkulam Kochunni]]
* 14. Kaipuzha Raajniyum Pulinkunnu Desavum
* 15. Orantharjanaththintaey yukthi
* 16. Pazhur perumthrukkovil
* 17. Paakkanaarudaey bhaaryayudaey paathivrathyam
* 18. Randu Mahaaraajaakkanmaarudaey swabhaavavyathyaasam
* 19. Kochchunamboori
* 20. Chempakassery Raajaavum Maeppaththoor Bhattathiriyum
* 21. Vattapparampil Valiyamma
* 22. Vaikkaththu Thiruneelakantan
{{div col end}}
''Book III ''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Kiliroorkunninmael Bhagavathi
* 2. Poonthaanaththu Namboori
* 3. Aalaththoor Nampi
* 4. Vayaskara Chathurvedi Bhattathiriyum Yakshiyum
* 5. Raamapuraththu Warrier
* 6. Chemprayezhuththachchanmaar
* 7. [[Sakthan Thampuran|Kochchi Shakthanthampuraan Thirumanassukondu]]
* 8. Ammannoor Parameshwara Chaakyaar
* 9. Cheranalloor Kunchukkarthaavu
* 10. Kottarakkara Goshaala
* 11. Thaevalassery Nampi
* 12. Chila eeshwaranmaarudaey pinakkam
* 13. Parangottu Namboori
* 14. Paakkil Shaasthaavu
* 15. [[Vasoorimala|Kodungallur Vasoorimaala]]
* 16. Thripoonithara kshethraththilaey ulsavangal
* 17. Aaranmulamaahaathmyam
* 18. Konniyil Kochchayappan
* 19. Maanthrikanaaya Rawther

{{div col end}}
''Book IV ''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Oorakaththu Ammathiruvadi
* 2. Swathithirunal Mahaaraajaavuthirumanassukondu
* 3. Pilaamanthol Mooss
* 4. Shasthamkottayum Kuranganmaarum
* 5. Mazhamangalaththu Namboori
* 6. Vayaskarakkudumbavum aviduththaey Shaasthaavum
* 7. Kaayamkulaththu Raajavintaey shreechakram
* 8. Kulappuraththu Bheeman
* 9. Mannadikkaavum Kampiththaanum
* 10. Shreekrishnakarnaamrutham
* 11. [[Kadamattathu Kathanar]]
* 12. Puruharinapuraeshamaahaathmyam
* 13. Tholakavi
* 14. Kunchukuttippilla sarwaadhikaaryakkaar
* 15. Achchankovilshaasthaavum Parivaaramoorththikalum
* 16. Avanaamanakkal Gopalan
{{div col end}}
''Book V''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Pallipuraththukaavu
* 2. Elaedaththuthykkaattu Moossanmaar
* 3. Kaipuzhathampaan
* 4. Kollam Vishaarikkaavu
* 5. Vayaskara Aaryan Narayananmooss avarkaludaey chikilsaanaipunyam
* 6. Chamkroththamma
* 7. Avanangaattu Panikkarum Chaaththanmaarum
* 8. Kuttanchery Mooss
* 9. Pallivaanapperumaalum Kiliroor Desavum
* 10. Kaadaamkottu Maakkam Bhagavathi
* 11. Oru europiyantheyantaey swamibhakthi
* 12. Sanghakkali
* 13. Kottarakkara Chandrashekharan
{{div col end}}
''Book VI ''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Panayannaar kaavu
* 2. Uthram Thirunaal Thirumanassukondum Kathakali yogavum
* 3. Kaplingaattu Nambooriyum Deshamangalaththu Warrierum
* 4. Vijayadri Maahaathmyam
* 5. Naduvilaeppaattu Bhattathiri
* 6. Aaranmula Devanum Mangaattu Bhattathiriyum
* 7. Mundaempilly Krishna Maaraar
* 8. Mannaarassaala Maahaathmyam
* 9. Oru Swaamiyaarudaey shaapam
* 10. Pullankoottu Namboori
* 11. Panachchikkaattu Saraswathi
* 12. Vellaadu Namboori
* 13. Aaranmula Valiya Balakrishnan
{{div col end}}
''Book VII ''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Chengannur Bhagawathi
* 2. Edavettikkaatthu Namboori
* 3. Payyannur graamam
* 4. Olassayil Vaettakkorumakan kaavu
* 5. Shabarimala Shaasthaavum Panthalaththu Raajaavum
* 6. Vaikkaththaey Paattukal
* 7. Perumpulaavil Kaelu Menon
* 8. Chempakassery Raajaavum Raajniyum
* 9. Vilwamangalaththu Swaamiyaar
* 10. Paambummaekkaattu Namboori
* 11. Kalidasan
* 12. Panthalam Neelakantan
{{div col end}}
''Book VIII ''
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* 1. Chittoor Kaavil Bhagavathi
* 2. Kalloor Namboorippaadanmaar
* 3. Thakazhiyil Shaasthaavum aviduththaey ennayum
* 4. Arackal Beebi
* 5. Thiruvizhaa Mahaadevanum aviduththaey marunnum
* 6. Pazhur perumthrukkovil
* 7. Thekkedathu kudumbakkaar
* 8. Mookkola Kshethrangal
* 9. Kumaramangalathhtu Namboori
* 10. Mandakkaattamanum kodayum
* 11. Thiruvattattaadhi Kesavan
{{div col end}}

<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cs.nyu.edu/kandathi/kottarathil.html |title=Kottarathil Sankunni [കൊട്ടാരത്തില്‍ ശങ്കുണ്ണി / கொட்டாரத்தில் ஶங்குண்ணி / कोट्टारत्तिल् शंकुण्णि] |publisher=Cs.nyu.edu |date=1937-07-22 |access-date=2012-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609145007/http://cs.nyu.edu/kandathi/kottarathil.html |archive-date=2012-06-09 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
{{Kerala}}

[[Category:Kerala folklore]]
[[Category:Asian mythology]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language literature]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language books]]

Ele, My Friend

2024-10-30T07:11:14Z

NicolasBull1: put up a article...

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ele, My Friend
| image = Ele, My Friend.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Dharan Mandrayar
| producer = Dharan Mandrayar
| writer = Dharan Mandrayar
| screenplay =
| starring = Jacob Paul Guzman Ganesh
| music = Barry Phillips
| cinematography = Arnie Sirlin
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| studio = Dharlin Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1992}}
| runtime = 90 minutes
| country = India United Kingdom
| language = English
}}

'''''Ele, My Friend''''' is a 1992 English-language [[children's film]] directed by Dharan Mandrayar and produced by Linda Mandrayar. The film stars Jacob Paul Guzman and an elephant named Ganesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2008 |title=Free screening of "Ele My Friend" |url=https://www.villagenews.com/story/2008/12/11/entertainment/free-screening-of-ele-my-friend/19990.html |url-access=subscription |website=Village News |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045540/https://www.villagenews.com/story/2008/12/11/entertainment/free-screening-of-ele-my-friend/19990.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film, an Indo-British co-production, revolves around a bond between a 10-year old named Charles and an elephant, which he names Ele.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Visible Ink |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2RacqQu0B3IC&q=Ele,+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar |title=Videohound's Golden Movie Retriever, 1997 |last2=Craddock |year=1996 |isbn=9780787607807 |pages=240 | publisher=Thomson Gale |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045605/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Videohound_s_Golden_Movie_Retriever_1997/2RacqQu0B3IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Ele%2C+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar&dq=Ele%2C+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ipAAQAAIAAJ&q=Ele,+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar |title=Epd film: Zeitschrift des Gemeinschaftswerk der Evangelischen Publizistik |publisher=Joint Work of Protestant Journalism |year=1993 |volume=10 |pages=9 |language=German |access-date=29 March 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045537/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Epd_film/5ipAAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Ele%2C+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar&dq=Ele%2C+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar&printsec=frontcover |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is set in 1924.<ref name="DVD">{{Cite web |date=25 December 2008 |title=Sensitive and suspenseful 'Ele, My Friend' by Bonsall filmmakers now on DVD |url=https://www.villagenews.com/story/2008/12/25/entertainment/sensitive-and-suspenseful-ele-my-friend-by-bonsall-filmmakers-now-on-dvd/20139.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045551/https://www.villagenews.com/story/2008/12/25/entertainment/sensitive-and-suspenseful-ele-my-friend-by-bonsall-filmmakers-now-on-dvd/20139.html |archive-date=30 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Village News}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*Jacob Paul Guzman as Charles
*Ganesh as Ele
*Gazan Khan as Jaggu
*[[R. S. Shivaji]] as Ahmed
*Terry Nichelson as Charles Sr.
*Queen as Ele's mother
*Katherine Byers as Mary
*[[Santhana Bharathi]] as Kallar Village Chief
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Omar (special appearance)
*[[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] (special appearance)
}}

== Production ==
Dharan Mandrayar, a nephew of actor [[Sivaji Ganesan]], studied in India and later in the United States. He forayed into films after being encouraged by his wife, Linda.<ref name="Rediff">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=2 August 2004 |title='I could see anguish in their eyes' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/aug/02white.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505170026/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/aug/02white.htm |archive-date=5 May 2021 |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film was shot in South India and was produced by Dharan and Linda Mandrayar's Dharlin Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Taylor |first=Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Dharlin Entertainment's The Journey of Thomas To Be Filmed in Sri Lanka |url=https://issuu.com/villagenewsinc/docs/sb21_sourcebook_fallbrook_lr |magazine=Sourcebook |publisher=Village News, Inc. |pages=46–48 |access-date=29 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="Hollywood">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RCYIAQAAMAAJ&q=Ele,+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar |title=The Hollywood Reporter |publisher=Wilkerson Daily Corporation |year=1992 |pages=6 |access-date=29 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Filming began on 3 February 1992,<ref name="Hollywood" /> and trained elephants had to be brought into the wildlife refuge in trailers.<ref name="DVD"/> Mandrayar had Ele hover his foot above him to convince the film crew that the elephant could be trusted.<ref name="DVD"/> While filming, a [[Musth|bull]] (male) elephant charged the sets and the crew and trained elephants ran to safety.<ref name="DVD"/> The scene where Ele falls into a pit was shot in one take.<ref name="DVD"/>

== Release ==
The film was released in Germany and Italy as ''Mein Freund, der kleine Elefant'' and ''Il Mio Amico Elé'', respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=shEIAQAAMAAJ&q=Ele,+My+Friend+Dharan+Mandrayar |title=Cinema sign Issues 89-94 |publisher=Cineforum of Vicenza |year=1998 |access-date=29 March 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was made available on DVD in 2008.<ref name="DVD"/>

== Reception ==
A critic from ''Movie Guide'' opined that "''Ele, My Friend'' is a rare, gentle movie that will satisfy the viewer".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2012 |title=Ele, My Friend |url=https://www.movieguide.org/reviews/movies/ele-my-friend.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045603/https://www.movieguide.org/reviews/movies/ele-my-friend.html |archive-date=30 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Movie Guide}}</ref> Regarding the German version, a critic from ''Kinder Film Welt'' criticised several aspects of the film including the acting, music, and sound.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mein Freund, der kleine Elefant |url=https://www.kinderfilmwelt.de/filmpool/film/mein-freund-der-kleine-elefant#bewertung |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045531/https://www.kinderfilmwelt.de/filmpool/film/mein-freund-der-kleine-elefant#bewertung |archive-date=30 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Kinderfilmwelt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mein Freund, der kleine Elefant |url=https://www.kinderfilmwelt.de/filmpool/film/mein-freund-der-kleine-elefant#extras |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330045531/https://www.kinderfilmwelt.de/filmpool/film/mein-freund-der-kleine-elefant#extras |archive-date=30 March 2022 |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Kinderfilmwelt}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
The film won the Best Picture for Environment and Quality of Life Award in Bellinzona, Switzerland.<ref name="Rediff" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0150456}}

[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about elephants]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]

Sangbay Gewog

2024-10-29T18:09:02Z

NicolasBull1: added first details nd citations!

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name= Sangbay Gewog
|native_name= གསང་སྦས་
|settlement_type= [[Gewogs of Bhutan|Gewogs]]
|image_skyline=
|imagesize=
|image_caption=
|image_flag=
|flag_size=
|image_seal=
|seal_size=
|pushpin_map = Bhutan Haa
|pushpin_mapsize = 300px
|pushpin_map_caption = Sangbay Gewog in Bhutan's [[Haa District]]
|coordinates = {{coord|27.1688|89.1052|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type= Country
|subdivision_name= {{flag|Bhutan}}
|subdivision_type1= [[Districts of Bhutan|District]]
|subdivision_name1= [[Haa District]]
|subdivision_type2=
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|unit_pref= Metric
|area_footnotes= {{efn|97 percent of the area is covered by forest.<ref name="eleventh plan"/>}}
|area_total_km2 = 432.8
|area_land_km2=
|population_as_of = 2017
|population_footnotes=
|population_note=
|population_total= 911
|population_density_km2=auto
|timezone= [[Bhutan Time|BTT]]
|utc_offset= +6
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'''Sangbay''' or '''Sangbaykha'''{{efn|Alternative spellings: '''Sangbe''', '''Sangbekha''',<ref name="Phuntsho"/> '''Tsangbe''',<ref name="Rennie"/>{{rp|76}} '''Sombe''', '''Sombay''' and '''Sombaykha'''.<ref name="Statistics 2010"/>}} ({{langx|dz|གསང་སྦས|gsang sbas|size=120%}})<ref name="Ardussi Ura"/> Gewog is a [[gewog]] (village block) of [[Haa District]], [[Bhutan]].<ref name="Dzongkhag"/><ref name="delimitation"/> It is one of the western gewogs of the Haa district sharing borders with the [[Samtse District]], India's [[Sikkim]] state and China's [[Chumbi Valley]] (Yadong County). The latter border has been contested by China, which claims the [[Doklam]] region as its territory. In recent years, China has begun to build villages in its claimed area.<ref name="Barnett">{{citation |first=Robert |last=Barnett |title=China Is Building Entire Villages in Another Country’s Territory |newspaper=Foreign Policy |date=7 May 2021 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/07/china-bhutan-border-villages-security-forces/}}</ref><ref name="NDTV">Vishnu Som, [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-pics-chinas-bhutan-landgrab-in-bid-to-bypass-indian-defences-3173358 Pics Expose China's Inroads Near Doklam - Bid To Bypass Indian Defences?], NDTV News, 20 July 2022.</ref>

== Geography ==
{{maplink |frame=yes|frame-lat=27.16|frame-long=89.10
|frame-width=310 |frame-height=300 |frame-style="text-align:left;"|text=Sangbay Gewog{{efn|The borders shown are those marked by the contributors to the OpenStreetMap and may not be accurate. For the borders marked by the US [[Office of the Geographer]], see [https://earthworks.stanford.edu/catalog/sde-columbia-iscgm_bhutan_2008_polbndl Bhutan Political Boundaries, 2008] and [https://earthworks.stanford.edu/catalog/stanford-zz675gt4289 Second-level Administrative Divisions, Bhutan, 2015], EarthWorks, Stanford University, retrieved 6 August 2022.}}
|zoom=9 |type=shape |id=Q7417888
|stroke-colour=#C60C30 |stroke-width=2 |title=Sangbay Gewog
}}

In 2013, the Eleventh Plan document reported that the gewog had an area of 432.8 square kilometres, with 97 per cent of it covered by forest.<ref name="eleventh plan"/>{{efn|The land area remained unchanged from the Ninth Plan document in 2002.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.gnhc.gov.bt/fyp/Gewogs/ha_sangbay.pdf|title=Sangbay Gewog Ninth Plan (2002-2007)|publisher=Haa Dzongkhag Royal Government of Bhutan|access-date=August 25, 2010}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
</ref>}}

The gewog mainly consists of the basin of the [[Amo Chu]] river after it enters the gewog near Sinchela. (Above this point, only the left bank of the river is included in Bhutan; the right bank belongs to China's Chumbi Valley.) The upper part of the river valley in the gewog is said to be narrow with steep ridges. It has no population centres. Most of the villages are near Sangbay, the site of a historic ''dzong'' (now in ruins). The Tule La pass ({{coord|27.1497|N|88.9854|E|name=Tule La pass}}) on the Zompelri ridge provided communication with the modern [[Samtse District]] and the [[Dalingkot]] region further west.<ref name="Rennie"/>{{rp|75}}{{efn|The territory up to the [[Dichu]] river appears to have been under the Sangbay Dzong in pre-modern times, with a deputy Dzongpön stationed at Dzongsa and [[Sipsu]].<ref name="Ardussi Ura">{{citation |first1=John |last1=Ardussi |first2=Karma |last2=Ura |title=Population and Governance in mid-18th Century Bhutan, as Revealed in the Enthronement Record of ''Thugs-sprul ’Jigs med grags pa'' I (1725-1761) |journal=Journal of Bhutan Studies |volume=2 |number=2 |year=2000 |url=https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/JBS/JBS_Vol2No2/Population%20and%20Governance%20in%20mid-18th%20Century%20Bhutan.pdf |at=Table 4 entries under Sangbay Dzongwog}}</ref><ref name="Eden">{{citation |last=Eden |first=Ashley |title=Report on the State of Bootan and on the Progress of the Mission of 1863–1864 |publisher=Government of India |year=1864 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99245/page/n83 |via=archive.org |page=67}}</ref>}} (The Dalingkot tract was ceded to British India after the [[Anglo-Bhutan War]] of 1865, and is now India's [[Kalimpong district]].)

The Zompelri ridge continues to the north in a semi-circular formation, with the Mount [[Gipmochi]] (4,427 m) at its apex. Beyond Gipmochi is India's [[Sikkim]] state. To the north of the Zompelri ridge and connecting with the [[Dongkya Range]] is the [[Doklam]] plateau, which gives rise to a tributary of Amo Chu called Torsa Nala or Doklam River. The basin of the Doklam river, termed the "Doklam region", is claimed by China as its territory.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Facts and China's Position Concerning the Indian Border Troops' Crossing of the China-India Boundary in the Sikkim Sector into the Chinese Territory |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3911782-The-Facts-and-China-s-Position-Concerning-the.html |publisher=Government of China |date=1 Aug 2017 |page=9}}. Note: China uses the name "Dong Lang" for Doklam.</ref>

== Demographics ==

The population of the gewog by the 2017 census was 911.<ref>[http://www.haa.gov.bt/counter/direct_download/419 Annual Dzongkhag Statistics 2018], Haa Dzongkhag administration, 2018, p. 1</ref><ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/bhutan/admin/haa/BT00505__sangbay/ Sangbay Gewog in Bhutan], citypopulation.de, retrieved 6 August 2022.</ref> The Election Commission listed 16 villages in the gewog 2011.<ref name="delimitation"/> The number of households is 183.<ref name="eleventh plan"/>

==See also==
*[[Sangbay]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Dzongkhag">
{{citation |title=Bji Gewog |publisher=Haa Dzongkhag Administration |url=http://www.haa.gov.bt/gewogs/bji-gewog |access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref>
<ref name="Statistics 2010">[http://202.144.146.196/publication/files/pub7fi5643tz.pdf Annual Dzongkhag Statistics 2010], Haa Dzongkhag Administration, 2010</ref>
<ref name="delimitation">{{cite web |title=Chiwogs in Haa |publisher=Election Commission, [[Government of Bhutan]] |year=2011|url=http://www.election-bhutan.org.bt/2011/finaldelimitation/Haa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002184232/http://www.election-bhutan.org.bt/2011/finaldelimitation/Haa.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="eleventh plan">{{citation |title=Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Haa Dzongkhag |publisher=Gross National Happiness Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan |year=2013 |id={{ISBN|978-99936-55-01-5}} |url=https://www.gnhc.gov.bt/en/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Eleventh-Five-Year-Plan-Haa-Dzongkhag.pdf |page=1}}</ref>
<ref name="Phuntsho">{{citation |last=Phuntsho |first=Karma |title=The History of Bhutan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUDAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT405 |year=2013 |publisher=Random House India |ISBN=978-81-8400-411-3}}</ref>
<ref name="Rennie">{{citation |last=Rennie |first=Surgeon |title=Bhotan and the Dooar War |publisher=John Murray |year=1866 |url=https://archive.org/details/b29352150 |via=archive.org}}</ref>
}}

{{Gewogs of Bhutan}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Gewogs of Bhutan]]
[[Category:Haa District]]

Mysore Road metro station

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Kritika Singhal

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Leopard of Panar

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Tyohaar Ki Thaali

2024-02-16T06:03:58Z

NicolasBull1: added first bio first draft

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| starring = [[Sakshi Tanwar]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2<ref>[https://www.televisionpost.com/epic-channel-to-bring-back-lost-recipes-for-second-season-in-june/ EPIC TV is back with season 2 of Sakshi Tanwar hosted cookery based show 'Tyohaar Ki Thaali']</ref>
| num_episodes = 40
| runtime = approx. 30 minutes
| network = [[The EPIC Channel]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2017}}
}}

'''''Tyohaar Ki Thaali''''' is an Indian television series that airs on [[The EPIC Channel]] and takes viewers through various festivals celebrated in India.<ref>[https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/english-entertainment/india-on-a-plate-celebrate-world-food-day-with-epic-channel-191015?amp Celebrate World Food Day with EPIC TV's new non-fiction cookery show 'Tyohaar Ki Thaali']</ref> Tyohaar Ki Thaali is a show that offers a delectable mix of stories and recipes hosted by [[Sakshi Tanwar]].<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood-sakshi-tanwar-to-launch-tyohaar-ki-thaali-on-epic-tv-397048 Sakshi Tanwar to host EPIC TV's 'Tyohaar Ki Thaali']</ref><ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2018/feb/17/sakshi-tanwar-to-be-back-with-new-season-of-tyohaar-ki-thaali-1774793.html Sakshi Tanwar is back with Tyohaar Ki Thaali 2]</ref><ref>[https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/sakshi-tanwar-my-show-tyohaar-ki-thaali-brings-food-festivals-together-watch-video-353961.html/amp Sakshi Tanwar on Tyohaar Ki Thaali: My New TV show brings food and festivals together!]</ref> The show is also available on [https://www.epicon.in/tv-shows/tyohaar-ki-thaali/season-1/e1-ganesh-chaturthi EPIC ON] (EPIC TV's online video streaming platform).<ref>[https://www.glamsham.com/amp/epic-tv-to-live-stream-content-24x7-in-partnership-with-sonyliv EP EPIC TV to stream all its content in partnership with SONY LIV]</ref>

== Show summary ==
''Tyohaar Ki Thaali'' is a show that offers a delectable mix of stories and recipes hosted by Sakshi Tanwar. In this show, Sakshi Tanwar celebrates Indias's festivals by sharing her long cherished, heirloom recipes of various bhogs and prasads identified with the Gods. Peppered with folklores, legends and Sakshi's personal anecdotes.

== Show themes ==

* Episode 1 – [[Ganesh Chaturthi]]
* Episode 2 – [[Onam]]
* Episode 3 – [[Anant Chaturdashi]]
* Episode 4 – [[Eid al-Adha]]
* Episode 5 – [[Navratri]]
* Episode 6 – [[Dusshera]]
* Episode 7 – [[Karwa Chauth]]
* Episode 8 – [[Diwali|Chhoti Diwali]]
* Episode 9 – [[Diwali]]
* Episode 10 – [[Chhath Puja]]
* Episode 11 – [[Karthik Purnima]]
* Episode 12 – [[Guru Nanak Jayanti]]
* Episode 13 – [[Satyanarayan Puja]]/Vrat
* Episode 14 – [[Ekadashi]]
* Episode 15 – [[Hanuman|Hanuman Vrat]]
* Episode 16 – [[Sankashti Chaturthi]]
* Episode 17 – [[Vrata|Vrat Ka Khana]]
* Episode 18 – [[Paush Purnima]]
* Episode 19 – [[Christmas]]
* Episode 20 – [[New Year]]
* Episode 21 – [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]]
* Episode 22 – [[Makar Sankranti]]/[[Lohri]]
* Episode 23 – [[Vasant Panchami]]
* Episode 24 – [[Narada|Narad Stories]]
* Episode 25 – [[Khandoba|Kandoba and Folk Deities]]
* Episode 26 – [[Mahashivratri]]
* Episode 27 – [[Holi]]
* Episode 28 – [[Basoda]]
* Episode 29 – [[Gudi Padwa]]
* Episode 30 – [[Gangaur]]
* Episode 31 – [[Mahavir Jayanti]]
* Episode 32 – [[Easter]]
* Episode 33 – [[Vaisakhi|Baisaki]]
* Episode 34 – [[Akshaya Tritiya]]
* Episode 35 – [[Mopin]] Festival
* Episode 36 – [[Buddha Purnima]]
* Episode 37 - [[Sita]]
* Episode 38 - [[Shavuot]]
* Episode 39 - [[Ganga Dussehra]]
* Episode 40 - [[Sai Baba of Shirdi|Sai Baba]]

==Guests==
* [[Virender Sehwag]]<ref>[https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-Virender-Sehwag-celebrates-Lohri-on-Sakshi-Tanwar-s-Tyohaar-Ki-Thaali-2575012/amp Sehwag celebrates Lohri with Sakshi Tanwar in Tyohaar Ki Thaali]</ref>
* [[Ram Kapoor]]<ref>[https://www.india.com/showbiz/sakshi-tanwar-and-ram-kapoor-to-reunite-for-tyohaar-ki-thaali-2432800/amp/ Sakshi Tanwar and Ram Kapoor unites for Epic TV's cookery show 'Tyohaar Ki Thaali']</ref>
* [[Shweta Kawatra]]<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/television/soaps/story/kahaani-ghar-ghar-kii-star-shweta-kawaatra-reunites-with-former-co-star-sweta-keswani-in-new-york-1565829-2019-07-10 Shweta Kawatra appears on Sakshi Tanwar's cookery based show 'Tyohaar Ki Thaali']</ref>
* [[Kavita Kaushik]]<ref>[https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/kavita-kaushik-shoots-for-bestie-sakshi-tanwars-new-food-show-tyohaar-ki-thaali-view-pics-1020362/amp/ Kavita Kaushik shoots for Sakshi Tanwar's cookery show 'Tyohaar Ki Thaali']</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt7980950}}
* [http://tkt.epicchannel.com/ Official website]

[[Category:Indian cooking television series]]
[[Category:Epic TV original programming]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]

Bahá'í Faith

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